1 00:00:00,160 --> 00:00:04,279 Speaker 1: This story contains adult content and language. Listener discretion is advised. 2 00:00:07,600 --> 00:00:08,440 Speaker 2: The end was coming. 3 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:13,480 Speaker 1: On the morning of November one, eighteen twenty eight, police 4 00:00:13,600 --> 00:00:17,520 Speaker 1: arrested William Burke and Helen McDougall. The next day, they 5 00:00:17,600 --> 00:00:19,640 Speaker 1: arrested William Hare and his wife, Margaret. 6 00:00:20,640 --> 00:00:22,360 Speaker 2: This was All Souls. 7 00:00:22,079 --> 00:00:26,479 Speaker 1: Day, ironically enough, the commemoration of all of the souls 8 00:00:26,520 --> 00:00:30,160 Speaker 1: of those who had died. Catholics prayed for the newly 9 00:00:30,200 --> 00:00:34,559 Speaker 1: departed as they waited in purgatory to enter heaven, and 10 00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:37,920 Speaker 1: now William Burke, William Hare, and their wives were entering 11 00:00:37,960 --> 00:00:45,640 Speaker 1: their own purgatory. Doctor Knox was working in the anatomy 12 00:00:45,720 --> 00:00:50,440 Speaker 1: lab that day when he heard something outside. He stuck 13 00:00:50,479 --> 00:00:53,159 Speaker 1: his head out the window and spotted investigators in the 14 00:00:53,200 --> 00:00:58,560 Speaker 1: yard below. An anonymous tip led straight to his dissecting room. 15 00:00:58,960 --> 00:01:03,200 Speaker 1: Knox swore at the police startling behavior for a distinguished doctor. 16 00:01:03,920 --> 00:01:07,440 Speaker 1: He threatened to blow their brains out. He refused to 17 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:12,480 Speaker 1: allow them inside, but the officers didn't flinch. Knox's haughty 18 00:01:12,520 --> 00:01:17,959 Speaker 1: attitude didn't intimidate them like it did some of his assistants. 19 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:20,840 Speaker 1: The investigators pushed through the door and found Old Mary 20 00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:21,920 Speaker 1: Doherty's corpse. 21 00:01:22,160 --> 00:01:23,960 Speaker 2: Cleaned and ready for dissection. 22 00:01:25,080 --> 00:01:28,200 Speaker 1: They called in James Gray and Grey's husband Anne was 23 00:01:28,240 --> 00:01:33,720 Speaker 1: William Burke's relative. James quickly identified Mary Doherty. The old 24 00:01:33,760 --> 00:01:37,840 Speaker 1: woman suffered an undignified death, only now to be poked 25 00:01:37,920 --> 00:01:45,000 Speaker 1: and prodded by a pathologist. Police desperately needed proof evidence 26 00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:47,440 Speaker 1: of her real cause of death. It was the only 27 00:01:47,480 --> 00:01:50,880 Speaker 1: way to hold the four suspected killers in jail. The 28 00:01:50,960 --> 00:01:55,080 Speaker 1: only one who remained free was Robert Knox for now. 29 00:01:57,800 --> 00:02:01,840 Speaker 1: Once the Scottish newspapers reported the story November sixth, police 30 00:02:01,880 --> 00:02:06,680 Speaker 1: were flooded with inquiries and two very solid leads. Jamie 31 00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:10,160 Speaker 1: Wilson's mother identified a snuff box found with hair as 32 00:02:10,200 --> 00:02:13,640 Speaker 1: one that belonged to her son. Janet Brown went to 33 00:02:13,680 --> 00:02:15,720 Speaker 1: the police and they showed her some clothing that was 34 00:02:15,760 --> 00:02:20,360 Speaker 1: found in Burke's home. She recognized it as Mary Patterson's clothing. 35 00:02:21,320 --> 00:02:24,480 Speaker 1: So these two women who fought so hard to be heard, 36 00:02:25,120 --> 00:02:38,080 Speaker 1: were finally believed the murder spree was over. Now it 37 00:02:38,120 --> 00:02:40,440 Speaker 1: was up to the Lord Advocate and the police to 38 00:02:40,520 --> 00:02:44,200 Speaker 1: prove how two hooligans were brilliant enough to murder sixteen 39 00:02:44,240 --> 00:02:49,920 Speaker 1: people without leaving a shred of forensic evidence. Sir William 40 00:02:50,000 --> 00:02:53,560 Speaker 1: Ray was the prosecutor. He was irritable and nervous. By 41 00:02:53,600 --> 00:02:56,800 Speaker 1: mid November, there was little physical evidence against. 42 00:02:56,600 --> 00:02:58,560 Speaker 2: Burke, Hair or the two women. 43 00:02:59,440 --> 00:03:03,160 Speaker 1: Burking left almost no bruising or signs of trauma, the 44 00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:07,200 Speaker 1: perfect murder weapon. The police searcheons struggled to find a 45 00:03:07,240 --> 00:03:10,960 Speaker 1: cause of death for Mary Doherty. He said, my own 46 00:03:11,040 --> 00:03:14,120 Speaker 1: private opinion was that she had died by violence, but 47 00:03:14,240 --> 00:03:17,400 Speaker 1: medically I could give no opinion quite certain of the 48 00:03:17,440 --> 00:03:22,440 Speaker 1: cause of death. The forensic examiners were desperate. One of 49 00:03:22,480 --> 00:03:25,680 Speaker 1: them even savagely beat a different cadaver with a broom 50 00:03:25,760 --> 00:03:32,440 Speaker 1: during a series of tests early nineteenth century CSI, was. 51 00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:34,920 Speaker 3: It possible that bruises could be raised on a body 52 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:38,520 Speaker 3: after the body was dead and started hitting these other bodies, 53 00:03:38,520 --> 00:03:41,200 Speaker 3: they had to see if bruses would come up, and 54 00:03:41,320 --> 00:03:44,600 Speaker 3: they did in a sense. Burke had now made yet 55 00:03:44,640 --> 00:03:46,480 Speaker 3: another contribution to medical science. 56 00:03:48,520 --> 00:03:52,120 Speaker 1: Authors Janet Philip and Owen Dudley Edwards say that investigators 57 00:03:52,160 --> 00:03:54,680 Speaker 1: were obviously ill equipped for this type of case. 58 00:03:55,680 --> 00:03:58,040 Speaker 4: Now they would be looking at sort of bruising around 59 00:03:58,040 --> 00:04:00,560 Speaker 4: the nose, that sort of thing. You'd be able to 60 00:04:00,560 --> 00:04:03,680 Speaker 4: pick up fingerprints of the face of the victim and stuff, 61 00:04:03,720 --> 00:04:06,640 Speaker 4: but there were no signs on them. Even the last case, 62 00:04:06,960 --> 00:04:09,960 Speaker 4: they had three medical experts at the court and there 63 00:04:10,040 --> 00:04:13,960 Speaker 4: was no evidence that that person had been murdered. 64 00:04:14,600 --> 00:04:16,520 Speaker 3: Burke could explain this as being that he had been 65 00:04:16,720 --> 00:04:19,800 Speaker 3: sold the body and he'd packed it up, and yes, 66 00:04:19,839 --> 00:04:21,320 Speaker 3: it must have got bruised under packing. 67 00:04:22,600 --> 00:04:26,360 Speaker 1: The prosecutor feared that a Scottish jury would demand substantial 68 00:04:26,400 --> 00:04:30,280 Speaker 1: proof before sending them to the gallows. The public was outraged, 69 00:04:30,360 --> 00:04:34,400 Speaker 1: and so were the politicians. The prosecutor was concerned about riots, 70 00:04:34,480 --> 00:04:36,920 Speaker 1: both in the streets and in Parliament. 71 00:04:38,320 --> 00:04:42,160 Speaker 3: So they need to get very rapidly a conviction, and 72 00:04:42,200 --> 00:04:45,359 Speaker 3: a conviction which will satisfy both the anxieties of the 73 00:04:45,360 --> 00:04:48,839 Speaker 3: public and the growing anger of the London government. 74 00:04:49,720 --> 00:04:53,640 Speaker 1: The evidence against Burke, Hair and their wives was really weak. 75 00:04:54,520 --> 00:04:58,120 Speaker 1: The only body that had been identified was Mary Docerts, 76 00:04:58,520 --> 00:05:01,800 Speaker 1: their final victim. The case of her murder was the 77 00:05:01,839 --> 00:05:05,479 Speaker 1: only one they could take to trial. They needed one 78 00:05:05,520 --> 00:05:08,120 Speaker 1: of them, Burke or Hare, to turn on the other 79 00:05:08,600 --> 00:05:13,200 Speaker 1: to accept an immunity deal. But which killer would the 80 00:05:13,200 --> 00:05:20,320 Speaker 1: prosecutor pick. He walked to William Hare's cell door. The 81 00:05:20,360 --> 00:05:24,159 Speaker 1: prosecutor just had a feeling about Hair. He was young, 82 00:05:24,839 --> 00:05:28,040 Speaker 1: he was probably easily convinced to testify. 83 00:05:28,240 --> 00:05:29,360 Speaker 2: Hair and his wife. 84 00:05:29,080 --> 00:05:34,400 Speaker 1: Were offered immunity if they would testify against Burke. It 85 00:05:34,520 --> 00:05:37,240 Speaker 1: was such a bad decision. Burke may have been the 86 00:05:37,279 --> 00:05:40,000 Speaker 1: older and brighter of the two, but Hair was the 87 00:05:40,080 --> 00:05:46,680 Speaker 1: vicious brute. The trial began on Christmas Eve morning of 88 00:05:46,720 --> 00:05:50,000 Speaker 1: eighteen twenty eight in Edinburgh, which to me seems like 89 00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:55,120 Speaker 1: odd timing. Not really, says Owen Dudley Edwards. 90 00:05:55,320 --> 00:05:58,599 Speaker 3: If Burke had been tried in England, he probably would 91 00:05:58,600 --> 00:06:01,480 Speaker 3: not have been tried on Christmas night, and he certainly 92 00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:03,919 Speaker 3: wouldn't have been tried in the trial which had gone 93 00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:07,640 Speaker 3: from nine in the morning on Christmas Eve to nine 94 00:06:07,680 --> 00:06:11,320 Speaker 3: o'clock on Christmas Day itself. Christmas Day, of course, wasn't 95 00:06:11,320 --> 00:06:15,560 Speaker 3: a holiday in Scotland, which is a Presbyterian country. 96 00:06:17,000 --> 00:06:21,760 Speaker 1: That night ushered in cries of revenge, violent retribution, even mutilation. 97 00:06:23,040 --> 00:06:26,440 Speaker 1: The Scot's demanded blood from the Westport murderers, as they 98 00:06:26,440 --> 00:06:28,760 Speaker 1: were called, and they wanted the head of the man 99 00:06:28,839 --> 00:06:34,160 Speaker 1: who instigated it all. Doctor Robert Knox, the anatomy professor, 100 00:06:34,240 --> 00:06:37,640 Speaker 1: was the main catalyst for so many deaths. He paid 101 00:06:37,680 --> 00:06:42,520 Speaker 1: birkenhair the money he created demand, and they answered with supply. 102 00:06:44,279 --> 00:06:47,280 Speaker 1: Did doctor Knox know that he was purchasing murder victims? 103 00:06:48,160 --> 00:06:48,800 Speaker 2: How could he not? 104 00:06:50,160 --> 00:06:53,479 Speaker 1: We've been asking that question this whole time. Yet he 105 00:06:53,520 --> 00:06:56,640 Speaker 1: did so much good with those bodies. And as immoral 106 00:06:56,760 --> 00:07:02,760 Speaker 1: as this sounds, was it for the greater good. Medicine 107 00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:06,120 Speaker 1: and murder were now synonymous in Edinburgh. But Burke had 108 00:07:06,160 --> 00:07:07,920 Speaker 1: a small bit of luck at the beginning of the 109 00:07:07,960 --> 00:07:10,160 Speaker 1: trial thanks to Scottish legal rules. 110 00:07:10,760 --> 00:07:14,160 Speaker 3: But of course Scotland had a much more advanced criminological 111 00:07:14,240 --> 00:07:17,720 Speaker 3: system than England did. Burke would not have been alone 112 00:07:17,800 --> 00:07:21,320 Speaker 3: so much as a council except for some very junior 113 00:07:21,440 --> 00:07:24,920 Speaker 3: figure who would have been allowed to raise a couple 114 00:07:24,920 --> 00:07:28,640 Speaker 3: of points of law. In Scotland, Burke was given the 115 00:07:28,680 --> 00:07:31,440 Speaker 3: best council that was ready to appear to him. Without Sea. 116 00:07:33,960 --> 00:07:38,000 Speaker 1: William Burke remained stoically loyal. He refused to implicate William 117 00:07:38,040 --> 00:07:41,440 Speaker 1: Hare and Robert Knox. He insisted to police that the 118 00:07:41,480 --> 00:07:43,640 Speaker 1: old woman choked on her own vomit after a night 119 00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:47,400 Speaker 1: of hard drinking. They found her dead, already lying in 120 00:07:47,440 --> 00:07:51,760 Speaker 1: the shaw bedding, he insisted. Burke told investigators her body 121 00:07:51,800 --> 00:07:54,760 Speaker 1: was warm, but she appeared to be insensible and was 122 00:07:54,800 --> 00:07:59,320 Speaker 1: not breathing. Burke insisted that Doherty wasn't murdered. He would 123 00:07:59,360 --> 00:08:02,880 Speaker 1: only admit that they both prepare the body, stuffed her 124 00:08:02,920 --> 00:08:05,720 Speaker 1: into a tea chest, and carried her to Knox's lap. 125 00:08:06,840 --> 00:08:10,000 Speaker 1: Burke said Hare proposed to strip the body and lay 126 00:08:10,000 --> 00:08:14,120 Speaker 1: it among the straw hair and his wife may have 127 00:08:14,200 --> 00:08:17,240 Speaker 1: taken the immunity deals to avoid the noose, but he 128 00:08:17,280 --> 00:08:20,560 Speaker 1: did confess to helping Burke deliver Mary Doherty's body to 129 00:08:20,600 --> 00:08:26,440 Speaker 1: doctor Knox's assistant. Yet Hare took no responsibility. Burke was 130 00:08:26,440 --> 00:08:27,160 Speaker 1: the real killer. 131 00:08:28,120 --> 00:08:28,600 Speaker 2: He said. 132 00:08:29,120 --> 00:08:31,000 Speaker 1: He told me to go down to his house and 133 00:08:31,080 --> 00:08:33,320 Speaker 1: said that there was an old woman in the house 134 00:08:33,360 --> 00:08:35,560 Speaker 1: that he was going to murder. That he got the 135 00:08:35,559 --> 00:08:38,439 Speaker 1: woman off the street, and that he thought she would 136 00:08:38,440 --> 00:08:42,360 Speaker 1: be a good shot to take to the doctor's It. 137 00:08:42,360 --> 00:08:43,520 Speaker 2: Was damaging testimony. 138 00:08:44,600 --> 00:08:48,760 Speaker 1: Hare described how Burke murdered Mary Doherty. She moaned a 139 00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:51,959 Speaker 1: little after the first cry. He pressed down her head 140 00:08:51,960 --> 00:08:54,800 Speaker 1: with his breast. He put one hand under the nose 141 00:08:54,840 --> 00:08:58,360 Speaker 1: and the other under her chin, under her mouth, so 142 00:08:58,480 --> 00:09:01,360 Speaker 1: there it was. William Burke would pay the price for 143 00:09:01,480 --> 00:09:06,760 Speaker 1: a year's worth of murders. Under Hare's immunity deal, he 144 00:09:06,760 --> 00:09:09,439 Speaker 1: could refuse to answer any questions about the other murders 145 00:09:09,480 --> 00:09:14,079 Speaker 1: and his relationship with doctor Knox. The prosecutor asked, Hare, 146 00:09:14,400 --> 00:09:17,160 Speaker 1: had you had several interactions with doctor Knox or his 147 00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:20,960 Speaker 1: assistants in Burke do you choose to answer that? And 148 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:26,440 Speaker 1: Hare replied no, and doctor Knox was nowhere to be found. 149 00:09:26,960 --> 00:09:30,160 Speaker 1: The prosecutors did not force the antimous to take the stand. 150 00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:33,360 Speaker 1: There just simply wasn't enough evidence to connect Knox to 151 00:09:33,400 --> 00:09:39,120 Speaker 1: the murders. Police investigators interrogated the professor for hours, but 152 00:09:39,320 --> 00:09:42,200 Speaker 1: he was adamant that he purchased the bodies from grave robbers, 153 00:09:42,920 --> 00:09:47,439 Speaker 1: not killers. The people in Old Town didn't believe it 154 00:09:47,520 --> 00:09:52,760 Speaker 1: a bit. Protesters marched through the streets declaring that Knox 155 00:09:52,880 --> 00:09:53,400 Speaker 1: was to blame. 156 00:09:53,520 --> 00:09:55,319 Speaker 2: Two to most of. 157 00:09:55,360 --> 00:10:00,040 Speaker 1: Edinburgh, Knox was clearly culpable. He was immortalized in caricatures 158 00:10:00,080 --> 00:10:03,280 Speaker 1: that hung alongside Burke hair and their wives in butcher. 159 00:10:03,040 --> 00:10:04,000 Speaker 2: Shops and pubs. 160 00:10:06,120 --> 00:10:09,120 Speaker 1: Boys howked a broadsheet with Knox's head on it, crying, 161 00:10:09,320 --> 00:10:11,959 Speaker 1: here you have a likeness of doctor Knox and a. 162 00:10:11,920 --> 00:10:13,040 Speaker 2: Poem on the murders. 163 00:10:13,040 --> 00:10:17,280 Speaker 1: For a halfpenny, and a gruesome rhyme was chanted throughout 164 00:10:17,280 --> 00:10:19,400 Speaker 1: the city. 165 00:10:18,600 --> 00:10:22,840 Speaker 3: That men of skill with subject warm was frequently supplied. 166 00:10:23,520 --> 00:10:27,760 Speaker 3: Nor did he question when all how the person brought 167 00:10:28,240 --> 00:10:29,320 Speaker 3: had died. 168 00:10:30,679 --> 00:10:33,400 Speaker 1: It was twenty four hours of hell for the hundreds 169 00:10:33,440 --> 00:10:38,000 Speaker 1: who packed the tiny, stifling courtroom on Christmas Eve. The 170 00:10:38,040 --> 00:10:41,120 Speaker 1: window was finally cracked just to let in the cold, 171 00:10:41,120 --> 00:10:45,000 Speaker 1: wet breeze. People cloaked their heads and gowns and handkerchiefs. 172 00:10:45,880 --> 00:10:50,760 Speaker 1: It was actually a little spooky hair detailed all sixteen 173 00:10:50,840 --> 00:10:53,920 Speaker 1: murders to the horror of the jury, placing all of 174 00:10:53,920 --> 00:10:57,280 Speaker 1: the blame on Burke and in jurors leaned forward. When 175 00:10:57,320 --> 00:11:01,480 Speaker 1: Margaret Hare took the stand, she sobbed in the witness 176 00:11:01,520 --> 00:11:04,840 Speaker 1: chair with a baby in her arms. We assume it 177 00:11:04,880 --> 00:11:08,240 Speaker 1: was Har's child, But her testimony was virtually useless. 178 00:11:09,200 --> 00:11:11,480 Speaker 4: She appeared as a witness in the court case, she 179 00:11:11,520 --> 00:11:13,560 Speaker 4: didn't really add anything. She appeared on the stand with 180 00:11:13,600 --> 00:11:15,840 Speaker 4: the child who had hooping cough, and every time she 181 00:11:15,880 --> 00:11:19,920 Speaker 4: tried to say anything, this kid started coughing. What she 182 00:11:19,960 --> 00:11:21,920 Speaker 4: did say on the stand was that she was aware 183 00:11:22,240 --> 00:11:25,280 Speaker 4: that these things had happened before, so she almost implicated 184 00:11:25,280 --> 00:11:27,960 Speaker 4: herself saying that she knew what was going on. 185 00:11:29,040 --> 00:11:32,880 Speaker 1: Nellie McDougall sat silently at the defendant's table, trying desperately 186 00:11:32,920 --> 00:11:38,360 Speaker 1: to mask both seething rage and fear. Finally, the jury 187 00:11:38,440 --> 00:11:43,800 Speaker 1: was handed the case at eight thirty Christmas morning. Burke 188 00:11:43,920 --> 00:11:48,679 Speaker 1: was pronounced guilty fifteen minutes later, not a big surprise. 189 00:11:51,320 --> 00:11:55,560 Speaker 1: The courtroom erupted in applause as he slumped it would 190 00:11:55,559 --> 00:12:00,480 Speaker 1: be a death sentence, and then came over him a 191 00:12:00,520 --> 00:12:04,400 Speaker 1: sudden dismal feeling. He looked over at the love of 192 00:12:04,400 --> 00:12:08,600 Speaker 1: his life, Nellie McDougall. Her verdict would be read next. 193 00:12:10,400 --> 00:12:14,720 Speaker 4: She was found not proven, which is a Scottish unique verdict, 194 00:12:14,760 --> 00:12:17,640 Speaker 4: which is you're not innocent, but we haven't found enough 195 00:12:17,679 --> 00:12:20,400 Speaker 4: evidence to find you guilty, so not proven. 196 00:12:21,160 --> 00:12:24,160 Speaker 1: It was the one bright moment during the entire ordeal 197 00:12:24,240 --> 00:12:25,000 Speaker 1: for William Burke. 198 00:12:26,280 --> 00:12:28,439 Speaker 3: Burke put his arms around her and kissed her and said, 199 00:12:28,600 --> 00:12:31,400 Speaker 3: you're out to the scrape now, Nelly. 200 00:12:31,640 --> 00:12:34,440 Speaker 1: The convict hung his head as the presiding judge announced 201 00:12:34,440 --> 00:12:38,720 Speaker 1: his death sentence, a public hanging followed by a public dissection. 202 00:12:39,640 --> 00:12:43,720 Speaker 2: How terrifying Burke was in tears. 203 00:12:44,520 --> 00:12:47,679 Speaker 1: He was a hopeless man convicted of brutal crimes for 204 00:12:47,720 --> 00:12:54,199 Speaker 1: which he alone was paying the price. News of Burke's 205 00:12:54,200 --> 00:12:58,600 Speaker 1: guilty verdict rang throughout Europe and America. Hundreds of young 206 00:12:58,640 --> 00:13:02,120 Speaker 1: men erected an effigy of Knox near his home, and 207 00:13:02,200 --> 00:13:08,760 Speaker 1: they burked it amid loud huzzahs. The mobs squeezed and 208 00:13:08,840 --> 00:13:11,800 Speaker 1: beat the body for hours, and then they tied a 209 00:13:11,880 --> 00:13:12,920 Speaker 1: rope around its neck. 210 00:13:13,360 --> 00:13:14,920 Speaker 2: They suspended it from a tree. 211 00:13:14,679 --> 00:13:20,120 Speaker 1: Outside of Knox's house. The rioters broke every window of 212 00:13:20,160 --> 00:13:26,160 Speaker 1: his home. They even attacked nearby houses. The Knox family 213 00:13:26,200 --> 00:13:28,760 Speaker 1: snuck out and retreated to a seaside residence a few 214 00:13:28,760 --> 00:13:31,559 Speaker 1: miles away, But Knox wrote to a friend that he 215 00:13:31,679 --> 00:13:35,080 Speaker 1: wasn't actually afraid. He had carried weapons with him and 216 00:13:35,160 --> 00:13:36,920 Speaker 1: he knew how to use them in self defense. 217 00:13:37,720 --> 00:13:38,360 Speaker 2: He told his. 218 00:13:38,240 --> 00:13:40,800 Speaker 1: Friend, you see my arms, and had I been called 219 00:13:40,840 --> 00:13:44,280 Speaker 1: upon to defend myself, I would have measured a score 220 00:13:44,320 --> 00:13:51,240 Speaker 1: of the brutes. At the end of January, there came 221 00:13:51,360 --> 00:13:55,240 Speaker 1: more bad news for doctor Knox. A scandalous pamphlet was 222 00:13:55,280 --> 00:13:58,800 Speaker 1: published by an anonymous writer under the pseudonym The Echo 223 00:13:58,880 --> 00:13:59,880 Speaker 1: of Surgeons Square. 224 00:14:00,760 --> 00:14:02,360 Speaker 2: The author claimed to have seen the. 225 00:14:02,360 --> 00:14:06,480 Speaker 1: Doctor purchasing cadavers directly from birken Hair, even though Knox 226 00:14:06,480 --> 00:14:09,720 Speaker 1: had always denied it. It was such a damning accusation. 227 00:14:10,640 --> 00:14:11,520 Speaker 2: What is he saying? 228 00:14:11,520 --> 00:14:14,920 Speaker 1: What were the highlights of the document that was printed. 229 00:14:15,679 --> 00:14:18,199 Speaker 4: What he was mainly saying is that Knox knew all 230 00:14:18,240 --> 00:14:21,360 Speaker 4: about it, So he met them, he said, Max met them. 231 00:14:21,360 --> 00:14:22,840 Speaker 4: To be fair, Berk says Knox met them, but it 232 00:14:22,880 --> 00:14:24,480 Speaker 4: was only a couple of times. He was saying that 233 00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:27,520 Speaker 4: they knew each other a lot. 234 00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:31,440 Speaker 1: The author also confirmed that William Hare was clearly a killer, 235 00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:34,840 Speaker 1: despite what he had claimed in court. It really was 236 00:14:34,880 --> 00:14:39,960 Speaker 1: incriminating insider information, but the likely source was a problem. 237 00:14:40,240 --> 00:14:43,000 Speaker 4: There's only one particular person who says that who has 238 00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:45,240 Speaker 4: a vendetta against Knox at that point is. 239 00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:49,680 Speaker 1: That, yeah, Knox's former porter, David Patterson was the author, 240 00:14:50,040 --> 00:14:52,680 Speaker 1: the lowly door man, who had recently been fired by 241 00:14:52,680 --> 00:14:53,359 Speaker 1: the antimist. 242 00:14:53,920 --> 00:14:57,080 Speaker 4: Knox sacked Patterson, he left, and it's then that we 243 00:14:57,200 --> 00:14:59,760 Speaker 4: see all the stories coming out from Patterson as to 244 00:14:59,760 --> 00:15:03,040 Speaker 4: wa happened. So at this point you have to think 245 00:15:03,120 --> 00:15:06,440 Speaker 4: that this is somebody who is now without a job, 246 00:15:06,880 --> 00:15:11,360 Speaker 4: without a reputation. How much faith do you put in 247 00:15:11,480 --> 00:15:12,400 Speaker 4: what he's saying. 248 00:15:12,960 --> 00:15:15,720 Speaker 1: Were these just the rantings of a bitter former employee 249 00:15:15,760 --> 00:15:18,280 Speaker 1: who was likely not treated very well. Or was it 250 00:15:18,400 --> 00:15:21,120 Speaker 1: even more evidence that the professor was complicit. 251 00:15:22,800 --> 00:15:23,560 Speaker 2: We'll never know. 252 00:15:26,880 --> 00:15:30,680 Speaker 1: A month after the trial, despite a torrential downpour, a 253 00:15:30,760 --> 00:15:34,320 Speaker 1: throng of thirty thousand people pressed together in the town 254 00:15:34,400 --> 00:15:37,760 Speaker 1: square to watch a spectacle like no other scene in 255 00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:39,760 Speaker 1: the long rich history of Scotland. 256 00:15:40,760 --> 00:15:43,280 Speaker 4: So all of these windows were rented out, and the 257 00:15:43,320 --> 00:15:46,320 Speaker 4: whole street was full of people, and he got brought 258 00:15:46,400 --> 00:15:49,040 Speaker 4: up early in the morning. They brought him there early 259 00:15:49,120 --> 00:15:50,560 Speaker 4: because they thought they might be riot. 260 00:15:51,760 --> 00:15:55,200 Speaker 1: At some public hangings, the crowd might actually pity a 261 00:15:55,240 --> 00:15:59,760 Speaker 1: criminal who they deemed unfairly persecuted. But today, with the 262 00:16:00,080 --> 00:16:03,400 Speaker 1: old rain thudding down, they hurrahed as they stood on 263 00:16:03,440 --> 00:16:06,120 Speaker 1: their tiptoes to catch a glimpse of the doomed man. 264 00:16:07,520 --> 00:16:10,320 Speaker 1: It was rare in Scotland for the extremely wealthy and 265 00:16:10,360 --> 00:16:14,560 Speaker 1: the extremely poor to ever mingle to find common ground. 266 00:16:15,480 --> 00:16:18,120 Speaker 4: What worried the people in the new town was that actually, 267 00:16:18,680 --> 00:16:23,160 Speaker 4: once you were on the anatomist slab, everybody was the same, 268 00:16:23,760 --> 00:16:27,680 Speaker 4: made no difference. So it's not something that was exclusively 269 00:16:28,200 --> 00:16:31,040 Speaker 4: to the poor. So Burke and Haired their victims were 270 00:16:31,080 --> 00:16:32,960 Speaker 4: all from the old town, but you could see the 271 00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:35,960 Speaker 4: newtown people thinking, actually, if they're going to stop murdering people, 272 00:16:35,960 --> 00:16:37,320 Speaker 4: that could be us. 273 00:16:38,360 --> 00:16:40,720 Speaker 3: Burke, I think was one man who really wanted to 274 00:16:40,720 --> 00:16:45,240 Speaker 3: be hanged. Burke said that he was always getting nightmares 275 00:16:45,560 --> 00:16:48,360 Speaker 3: about the people whom he had killed. He gave a 276 00:16:48,400 --> 00:16:51,720 Speaker 3: full confession in the presence of his priest. 277 00:16:52,880 --> 00:16:55,720 Speaker 1: His execution would be a public spectacle like no other. 278 00:16:56,400 --> 00:16:59,640 Speaker 1: Window seats and tenements overlooking the scaffold were hired at 279 00:16:59,640 --> 00:17:03,200 Speaker 1: price ranging from five shillings to one pound. That's a 280 00:17:03,240 --> 00:17:08,159 Speaker 1: lot of money in the eighteen twenties. Inside his hood, 281 00:17:08,880 --> 00:17:12,879 Speaker 1: Burke could hear his own heart beat and booze, hisses 282 00:17:13,359 --> 00:17:19,439 Speaker 1: and jeers rising welling in the city streets. As he 283 00:17:19,520 --> 00:17:22,840 Speaker 1: stepped onto the platform, he remembered what the priest had 284 00:17:22,840 --> 00:17:23,600 Speaker 1: told him to do. 285 00:17:25,400 --> 00:17:28,879 Speaker 3: You'll be on the scaffold, see the our Father, the 286 00:17:28,960 --> 00:17:32,360 Speaker 3: hail Mary, and the glory be to the Father, say 287 00:17:32,440 --> 00:17:36,200 Speaker 3: all of them. When you've done that, you will give 288 00:17:36,240 --> 00:17:37,879 Speaker 3: the hangman the signal. 289 00:17:39,359 --> 00:17:44,960 Speaker 1: The hangman pulled the lever and Burke dropped down, but 290 00:17:45,040 --> 00:17:49,400 Speaker 1: it was a short drop so his neck didn't break. Instead, 291 00:17:49,600 --> 00:17:53,160 Speaker 1: he choked to death. It was a brutal way to die. 292 00:17:53,480 --> 00:17:55,720 Speaker 4: There was no intention to break his neck, but this 293 00:17:55,800 --> 00:17:57,840 Speaker 4: is prior to long drop hanging, so there was generally 294 00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:00,800 Speaker 4: no intention to break anybody's neck when you were hanging them. 295 00:18:01,119 --> 00:18:01,439 Speaker 2: Strang. 296 00:18:01,720 --> 00:18:04,480 Speaker 4: Yeah, So they left in the forty five minutes, cut 297 00:18:04,560 --> 00:18:06,719 Speaker 4: him down, put him back in the prison, and then 298 00:18:06,760 --> 00:18:09,560 Speaker 4: they transferred him to the medical school under the cover 299 00:18:09,640 --> 00:18:12,000 Speaker 4: of darkness and also under a tunnel. 300 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:19,240 Speaker 1: Historian Owen Dudley Edwards feels a little bit of sympathy 301 00:18:19,280 --> 00:18:20,080 Speaker 1: for William Burke. 302 00:18:20,960 --> 00:18:24,720 Speaker 3: He had loved Helen McDougall and willingly risked and indeed 303 00:18:24,800 --> 00:18:28,240 Speaker 3: sacrificed his life so that she would be safe. From 304 00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:30,520 Speaker 3: that point of view, there's something quite positive to be 305 00:18:30,560 --> 00:18:31,200 Speaker 3: said about him. 306 00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:36,520 Speaker 1: Maybe William Burke decided to make the ultimate sacrifice. Remember 307 00:18:36,600 --> 00:18:40,240 Speaker 1: he was once very religious. But Janet Philips suspected that 308 00:18:40,280 --> 00:18:43,000 Speaker 1: Burke was willing to die for quite a different reason. 309 00:18:44,800 --> 00:18:47,000 Speaker 1: She and her team at the University of Edinburgh made 310 00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:51,440 Speaker 1: an interesting discovery, and that discovery encouraged her to launch 311 00:18:51,520 --> 00:18:56,560 Speaker 1: a genealogy project to find any of Burke's surviving male relatives. 312 00:18:57,720 --> 00:19:08,960 Speaker 5: To warn them. 313 00:19:09,080 --> 00:19:11,959 Speaker 2: Tell me how you found Burke's relatives. 314 00:19:12,240 --> 00:19:14,320 Speaker 4: We're looking to the room that he had testicular cancer 315 00:19:14,320 --> 00:19:17,000 Speaker 4: because there's a genetic component to testicular cancer, and we 316 00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:18,800 Speaker 4: were going to sequence some of his DNA was a 317 00:19:18,840 --> 00:19:21,280 Speaker 4: plan back then, and so I just wanted to make 318 00:19:21,320 --> 00:19:23,639 Speaker 4: sure that there weren't direct male descendants. 319 00:19:24,200 --> 00:19:27,119 Speaker 1: So it turns out they didn't find any direct male descendants, 320 00:19:27,680 --> 00:19:29,960 Speaker 1: and now they don't think that William Burke actually did 321 00:19:29,960 --> 00:19:33,320 Speaker 1: have testicular cancer, but it does seem likely that he 322 00:19:33,440 --> 00:19:36,440 Speaker 1: had many different sexually transmitted diseases. 323 00:19:37,160 --> 00:19:39,120 Speaker 2: He was likely in tremendous pain. 324 00:19:39,600 --> 00:19:42,000 Speaker 4: And he should have been on bread and water, and 325 00:19:42,040 --> 00:19:44,960 Speaker 4: he wasn't. They varied the diet because they had to 326 00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:48,320 Speaker 4: keep him alive for long enough to kill him. So 327 00:19:48,440 --> 00:19:50,600 Speaker 4: actually probably been hanged might not have been a bad 328 00:19:50,640 --> 00:19:53,639 Speaker 4: way to go for him. If he wasn't hanged, he 329 00:19:53,720 --> 00:19:56,239 Speaker 4: was going to slowly rot away, which then brings up 330 00:19:56,280 --> 00:19:59,320 Speaker 4: the whole conspiracy theory that maybe he took one for 331 00:19:59,400 --> 00:20:04,800 Speaker 4: the team. 332 00:20:04,920 --> 00:20:08,359 Speaker 1: The next morning, William Burke was publicly dissected in the 333 00:20:08,400 --> 00:20:11,879 Speaker 1: anatomy theater of the University of Edinburgh's Medical School, his 334 00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:16,120 Speaker 1: body sprawled out on an exam table, just like his victims. 335 00:20:17,160 --> 00:20:20,399 Speaker 1: Thousands stood in line in freezing temperatures and began to 336 00:20:20,440 --> 00:20:26,280 Speaker 1: shove their way inside. Finally, one of the university professors 337 00:20:26,280 --> 00:20:29,359 Speaker 1: decided to allow gawkers to pass through in batches of 338 00:20:29,400 --> 00:20:34,240 Speaker 1: fifty at a time. Ironically, doctor Knox's chief rival was 339 00:20:34,280 --> 00:20:38,720 Speaker 1: the anatomus selected to conduct Work's dissection. After a two 340 00:20:38,920 --> 00:20:44,120 Speaker 1: hour procedure, doctor Alexander Monroe engaged in a macaw virtual. 341 00:20:46,680 --> 00:20:49,280 Speaker 1: He dipped his quilpin into Burke's blood and wrote on 342 00:20:49,320 --> 00:20:52,560 Speaker 1: some paper, this is written with the blood of William Burke, 343 00:20:52,720 --> 00:20:55,520 Speaker 1: who was hanged at Edinburgh. This blood was taken from 344 00:20:55,560 --> 00:21:01,119 Speaker 1: his head. Twenty five thousand people eventually filed past Burke's 345 00:21:01,119 --> 00:21:02,640 Speaker 1: dissected body. 346 00:21:03,400 --> 00:21:04,600 Speaker 2: His skin was flayed. 347 00:21:06,760 --> 00:21:09,639 Speaker 1: That bit figured into my tour of Edinburgh with Janet Phelp. 348 00:21:10,280 --> 00:21:12,440 Speaker 4: The interesting point up here though, actually is a shop 349 00:21:12,480 --> 00:21:15,080 Speaker 4: called the Caddies which has a calling card that's made 350 00:21:15,080 --> 00:21:17,560 Speaker 4: of William Burke's skin, which is on display in their shop. 351 00:21:17,640 --> 00:21:19,479 Speaker 2: If you want to see it, I do, right. 352 00:21:20,680 --> 00:21:26,840 Speaker 4: So it's just in hair. Hi, she's a pressor from 353 00:21:26,880 --> 00:21:30,119 Speaker 4: Gesus doing a podcast on Burke and hair. So he 354 00:21:30,240 --> 00:21:33,520 Speaker 4: just came to have a look at yours. There you go. 355 00:21:34,520 --> 00:21:38,159 Speaker 4: So that is a calling card case made from William 356 00:21:38,160 --> 00:21:38,640 Speaker 4: Burke's skin. 357 00:21:39,240 --> 00:21:41,720 Speaker 2: How is something like that authenticated at all? 358 00:21:42,359 --> 00:21:53,040 Speaker 4: And all these guys do have all the paperwork, So 359 00:21:53,080 --> 00:21:56,119 Speaker 4: when Burke is executed, Hair is still in prison, so 360 00:21:56,240 --> 00:22:00,800 Speaker 4: Burke doesn't know that Hair got off of Scott Free. 361 00:22:00,840 --> 00:22:03,920 Speaker 1: William Hare was immediately placed on a mail coach heading 362 00:22:03,960 --> 00:22:05,680 Speaker 1: toward a small Scottish town. 363 00:22:06,440 --> 00:22:09,200 Speaker 4: Hair was put on a coach down towards Dumfries under 364 00:22:09,200 --> 00:22:11,639 Speaker 4: the name of mister Black and it was raining that night. 365 00:22:11,680 --> 00:22:14,919 Speaker 4: He persuaded his way inside the coach, so by the 366 00:22:14,920 --> 00:22:18,080 Speaker 4: time they got to Dumfries, everybody in that stage coach 367 00:22:18,200 --> 00:22:18,919 Speaker 4: knew who he was. 368 00:22:20,359 --> 00:22:21,800 Speaker 2: A mob performed in Dumfries. 369 00:22:22,560 --> 00:22:25,520 Speaker 1: It seemed like all eight thousand of its residents were 370 00:22:25,520 --> 00:22:28,160 Speaker 1: there to see him. He was recognized at the train 371 00:22:28,200 --> 00:22:30,720 Speaker 1: station and then at the hostel where he was staying. 372 00:22:30,800 --> 00:22:33,840 Speaker 1: That night, as he tried to sleep, he could hear 373 00:22:34,320 --> 00:22:40,919 Speaker 1: Berkham being chanted. For hours, the mob hurled stones at 374 00:22:40,960 --> 00:22:44,760 Speaker 1: the door and windows. Street lamps were smashed before one 375 00:22:44,840 --> 00:22:49,440 Speaker 1: hundred special constables arrived to restore order. Officers smuggled Hair 376 00:22:49,480 --> 00:22:54,080 Speaker 1: across the border into England, where he eventually disappeared. There 377 00:22:54,119 --> 00:22:55,879 Speaker 1: were unfounded rumors about his fate. 378 00:22:56,840 --> 00:23:00,800 Speaker 4: So the common story is that he was wrecked, he 379 00:23:00,880 --> 00:23:03,600 Speaker 4: was thrown into a lime pit which blinded him, and 380 00:23:03,680 --> 00:23:06,000 Speaker 4: he spent his days as a blind beggar on the 381 00:23:06,000 --> 00:23:10,680 Speaker 4: streets of London. Okay, there's absolutely no evidence for that whatsoever. 382 00:23:10,920 --> 00:23:14,919 Speaker 4: The common belief now is that he's actually buried in 383 00:23:15,000 --> 00:23:18,120 Speaker 4: an unmarked grave in the remains of a workhouse in 384 00:23:18,200 --> 00:23:19,879 Speaker 4: Klil in Northern Ireland. 385 00:23:20,960 --> 00:23:24,880 Speaker 1: Hare's wife, Margaret was mobbed three times and rescued each 386 00:23:24,960 --> 00:23:28,560 Speaker 1: time by police. She was secretly transported to her family's 387 00:23:28,600 --> 00:23:33,600 Speaker 1: home in Glasgow, where her fate was unknown. Burke's wife, 388 00:23:33,640 --> 00:23:37,240 Speaker 1: Nellie McDougall, brazenly returned to her flat after her release, 389 00:23:37,400 --> 00:23:39,879 Speaker 1: but when she ventured out the next morning to buy spirits, 390 00:23:40,040 --> 00:23:44,440 Speaker 1: she was attacked by an angry mob and saved by police. 391 00:23:44,520 --> 00:23:47,280 Speaker 1: When she arrived at the police station, the mob surrounded 392 00:23:47,320 --> 00:23:50,600 Speaker 1: the building. She had to sneak out wearing men's clothing. 393 00:23:52,800 --> 00:23:57,280 Speaker 1: The story of Burke's brother is quite sad. Constantineberg lost 394 00:23:57,320 --> 00:23:59,960 Speaker 1: his job as a scavenger and he began to drink 395 00:24:00,040 --> 00:24:04,720 Speaker 1: alcohol more often. He was constantly afraid of being mobbed, 396 00:24:05,480 --> 00:24:07,800 Speaker 1: so he packed up Elizabeth in the three kids and 397 00:24:07,920 --> 00:24:13,440 Speaker 1: left for Glasgow. Nellie McDougall apparently went along with them. 398 00:24:14,600 --> 00:24:17,359 Speaker 1: The rumors had gone for years that McDougall tried to 399 00:24:17,359 --> 00:24:19,720 Speaker 1: start a new life in her hometown of Stirling in 400 00:24:19,760 --> 00:24:22,480 Speaker 1: Scotland but was driven out of there too, and that 401 00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:26,280 Speaker 1: she died in Australia some years later. But I found 402 00:24:26,280 --> 00:24:28,920 Speaker 1: several articles that claimed she had lived out her years 403 00:24:28,960 --> 00:24:32,680 Speaker 1: with Constantine's family in Glasgow, and she actually lived until 404 00:24:32,720 --> 00:24:42,359 Speaker 1: she was quite old. I'm now updating William Burke's relatives, 405 00:24:42,400 --> 00:24:45,800 Speaker 1: Stan and Susan. They hadn't been very interested in learning 406 00:24:45,880 --> 00:24:48,920 Speaker 1: more about their great great great uncle, but they both 407 00:24:49,000 --> 00:24:52,480 Speaker 1: wanted to know whether Constantine Burke and his daughter Elizabeth 408 00:24:52,600 --> 00:24:56,640 Speaker 1: actually knew what William had done. Neither of them had 409 00:24:56,640 --> 00:25:00,600 Speaker 1: heard of Constantine's two other sons, William and Richard. Their sister, 410 00:25:00,640 --> 00:25:03,200 Speaker 1: Elizabeth was just seven years old when all this happened. 411 00:25:03,560 --> 00:25:06,280 Speaker 1: But she's the reason why the family eventually ended up 412 00:25:06,280 --> 00:25:10,840 Speaker 1: in California. She's their great grandmother and she's their link 413 00:25:10,880 --> 00:25:15,280 Speaker 1: to William Burke. She probably took the kids out when 414 00:25:15,280 --> 00:25:18,880 Speaker 1: the murder happened, but it was a very close quarters. 415 00:25:18,880 --> 00:25:20,680 Speaker 2: This is not multiple rooms. 416 00:25:21,119 --> 00:25:24,560 Speaker 6: Well, I guess that answers your question. Living like they 417 00:25:24,600 --> 00:25:28,320 Speaker 6: were in close proximity, you'd have to assume that it 418 00:25:28,320 --> 00:25:30,919 Speaker 6: would be difficult to conceal what they were up to. 419 00:25:31,600 --> 00:25:32,560 Speaker 2: Yeah, I think so. 420 00:25:33,720 --> 00:25:36,120 Speaker 6: I think you're right. As a seven year old, you're 421 00:25:36,160 --> 00:25:40,240 Speaker 6: pretty aware of what's going on, so young Elizabeth probably knew. 422 00:25:41,119 --> 00:25:44,639 Speaker 1: I told Susan about what happened after Constantine Burke carried 423 00:25:44,680 --> 00:25:46,920 Speaker 1: a tea chest down to Surgeon's Square for his brother, 424 00:25:47,040 --> 00:25:49,359 Speaker 1: and Mary Patterson's landlady came by his home. 425 00:25:50,840 --> 00:25:53,080 Speaker 2: Here's the thing that makes me a little uneasy. 426 00:25:53,440 --> 00:25:57,440 Speaker 1: It's that Constantine and Elizabeth said that Mary Patterson had 427 00:25:57,480 --> 00:25:59,680 Speaker 1: moved to Glasgow to be with a peddler. 428 00:26:00,080 --> 00:26:01,879 Speaker 4: So he had to have known that that's who was 429 00:26:01,920 --> 00:26:04,160 Speaker 4: in the tea chest that he carried over to. 430 00:26:04,640 --> 00:26:05,920 Speaker 2: Right they lied? 431 00:26:06,800 --> 00:26:07,480 Speaker 5: Wow? 432 00:26:08,080 --> 00:26:13,479 Speaker 1: Wow, how could you not be suspicious of that? And 433 00:26:13,520 --> 00:26:17,280 Speaker 1: what about Dan and Susan's great grandmother, Elizabeth, who was 434 00:26:17,359 --> 00:26:19,560 Speaker 1: just a little girl when her uncle killed all of 435 00:26:19,600 --> 00:26:23,960 Speaker 1: those people. I can't imagine that if Helen McDougall lived 436 00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:26,159 Speaker 1: with her, you know, I can't imagine she wouldn't have 437 00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:28,680 Speaker 1: known this whole thing. So then the question is why 438 00:26:28,760 --> 00:26:29,800 Speaker 1: she would not pass this. 439 00:26:29,800 --> 00:26:32,280 Speaker 2: Through the family, which seems pretty obvious. 440 00:26:32,359 --> 00:26:36,560 Speaker 1: Why I never heard anything about this. 441 00:26:37,080 --> 00:26:40,560 Speaker 7: I imagine it's something she just tucked inside. 442 00:26:40,040 --> 00:26:44,399 Speaker 1: Of her soul or heart or whatever and decided she 443 00:26:44,520 --> 00:26:46,200 Speaker 1: was just going to carry that burden and. 444 00:26:46,119 --> 00:26:49,159 Speaker 4: Not share it with anyone because she was too embarrassed. 445 00:26:54,200 --> 00:26:57,200 Speaker 1: The Burke's cousins, Anna and James Gray were hailed as 446 00:26:57,240 --> 00:27:02,040 Speaker 1: heroes in Edinburgh, but their future was bleak. James Gray 447 00:27:02,119 --> 00:27:05,159 Speaker 1: died just a few months after Burke's trial, leaving Anne 448 00:27:05,160 --> 00:27:09,480 Speaker 1: and their child penniless. She appealed to the city for assistance, 449 00:27:09,600 --> 00:27:10,680 Speaker 1: but with no results. 450 00:27:11,320 --> 00:27:12,359 Speaker 2: She then disappeared. 451 00:27:14,200 --> 00:27:19,159 Speaker 1: Knox kept silent about Birkenhair, except in a letter that 452 00:27:19,200 --> 00:27:22,280 Speaker 1: he wrote to the editor of the Caledonian Mercury newspaper 453 00:27:22,359 --> 00:27:25,960 Speaker 1: three months after the trial. He said, this is the 454 00:27:26,080 --> 00:27:28,560 Speaker 1: very first time that I have ever made any statement 455 00:27:28,600 --> 00:27:31,720 Speaker 1: to the public in my own vindication, and it shall 456 00:27:31,760 --> 00:27:34,800 Speaker 1: be the last. No person can be at the head 457 00:27:34,800 --> 00:27:38,040 Speaker 1: of such an establishment without necessarily running the risk of 458 00:27:38,080 --> 00:27:40,919 Speaker 1: being imposed upon by those who furnished the material of 459 00:27:40,960 --> 00:27:45,600 Speaker 1: their science to anatomical teachers. Mine happened to be the 460 00:27:45,720 --> 00:27:50,920 Speaker 1: establishment of which Birkenhare chiefly dealt scarcely any individual has 461 00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:54,760 Speaker 1: ever been the object of more systematic or atrocious attacks 462 00:27:54,760 --> 00:27:59,680 Speaker 1: than I have been. Once the drama of the trial 463 00:27:59,680 --> 00:28:03,520 Speaker 1: and an end execution died down, Robert Knox returned to 464 00:28:03,600 --> 00:28:07,320 Speaker 1: teaching at the Anatomy School, but his students were worried 465 00:28:07,359 --> 00:28:09,920 Speaker 1: about his safety and theirs. 466 00:28:10,720 --> 00:28:13,200 Speaker 2: He told them, do not be alarmed. 467 00:28:13,520 --> 00:28:17,439 Speaker 1: It is my life, not yours they seek. The assailants 468 00:28:17,440 --> 00:28:20,000 Speaker 1: of our piece may be big and menace, but they 469 00:28:20,040 --> 00:28:23,359 Speaker 1: are too cowardly in act to confront. In spite of 470 00:28:23,440 --> 00:28:26,840 Speaker 1: daily warnings and the destruction of my property, I have 471 00:28:26,960 --> 00:28:29,639 Speaker 1: met you at every hour of lecture during the session. 472 00:28:30,520 --> 00:28:34,000 Speaker 1: His notoriety didn't discourage students from taking his classes. He 473 00:28:34,119 --> 00:28:38,440 Speaker 1: was actually as popular as ever. In fact, students gave 474 00:28:38,520 --> 00:28:42,040 Speaker 1: him a standing ovation during their first class, and their 475 00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:44,720 Speaker 1: opinions were the only ones that mattered to Robert Knox. 476 00:28:45,880 --> 00:28:49,280 Speaker 1: He said, I have never disguised from myself, nor shall 477 00:28:49,320 --> 00:28:52,200 Speaker 1: I attempt to disguise from you, that the connection of 478 00:28:52,240 --> 00:28:56,239 Speaker 1: my establishment with the late atrocities, however accidental, is a 479 00:28:56,360 --> 00:29:02,640 Speaker 1: very severe misfortune, the heaviest calamity of my life. Knox 480 00:29:02,680 --> 00:29:06,440 Speaker 1: blamed his professional rivals for the investigation. He demanded that 481 00:29:06,520 --> 00:29:10,560 Speaker 1: an independent committee look into the scandal. He even asked 482 00:29:10,600 --> 00:29:13,560 Speaker 1: author and Scottish luminaries Sir Walter Scott to be on 483 00:29:13,680 --> 00:29:14,960 Speaker 1: it to help his case. 484 00:29:15,640 --> 00:29:18,840 Speaker 4: He asked Sir Walter Scott to be the chairman of 485 00:29:18,840 --> 00:29:21,000 Speaker 4: that commission, and he turned it down because he said 486 00:29:21,000 --> 00:29:22,800 Speaker 4: it was just going to be a whitewash. And lo 487 00:29:22,880 --> 00:29:24,760 Speaker 4: and behold, the commission did come out with the fact 488 00:29:24,800 --> 00:29:27,840 Speaker 4: that he didn't know anything about it. 489 00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:33,040 Speaker 1: The committee might have exonerated him, but the Edinburgh mobs 490 00:29:33,080 --> 00:29:37,040 Speaker 1: still branded Robert Knox a criminal, and Knox really didn't 491 00:29:37,080 --> 00:29:41,880 Speaker 1: help his own reputation incredibly. He continued to purchase cadavers, 492 00:29:42,200 --> 00:29:45,480 Speaker 1: though this time the victims presumably died of natural causes, 493 00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:51,240 Speaker 1: and then his colleagues turned on him almost immediately after 494 00:29:51,280 --> 00:29:56,280 Speaker 1: Work's execution. They viciously attacked his character. He resigned less 495 00:29:56,280 --> 00:30:01,720 Speaker 1: than two years later in humiliation. Owen Dudley Edwards says 496 00:30:01,720 --> 00:30:03,680 Speaker 1: that Knox was no less to blame than Burke and 497 00:30:03,760 --> 00:30:05,920 Speaker 1: Hare were, maybe even more to blame. 498 00:30:07,120 --> 00:30:09,680 Speaker 3: Well douta vini anouns as to whether doctor Knox knew 499 00:30:09,840 --> 00:30:12,680 Speaker 3: I think he was a very cool blooded swine. Knox 500 00:30:12,800 --> 00:30:15,800 Speaker 3: was one of the most dangerous figures in human history 501 00:30:15,840 --> 00:30:18,520 Speaker 3: as regards the history of race as concerned. From that 502 00:30:18,600 --> 00:30:21,160 Speaker 3: point of view, he caused much greater easel in my 503 00:30:21,360 --> 00:30:23,040 Speaker 3: view than Birk and Hair did. 504 00:30:27,400 --> 00:30:30,600 Speaker 1: Knox moved to London, but he found it impossible to 505 00:30:30,600 --> 00:30:34,720 Speaker 1: find a post as a surgeon. He wrote several medical books, 506 00:30:35,000 --> 00:30:38,239 Speaker 1: but he never gained back his previous fame. He was 507 00:30:38,440 --> 00:30:43,000 Speaker 1: terribly depressed when he wrote his nephew from London. He said, 508 00:30:43,640 --> 00:30:47,000 Speaker 1: I have been listlessly pacing London's idle, busy streets, with 509 00:30:47,160 --> 00:30:50,320 Speaker 1: nothing to look at but miles of hideous brick walls 510 00:30:50,640 --> 00:30:53,760 Speaker 1: with holes in them called doors and windows. Do not 511 00:30:53,920 --> 00:30:57,840 Speaker 1: forget to make all round you comfortable, Mary. I suppose 512 00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:01,560 Speaker 1: manages chiefly, let bomb, Honey, Bree and Bob have some 513 00:31:01,600 --> 00:31:07,520 Speaker 1: pocket money for sweets. Anatomy professor Tom Gillingwater says that 514 00:31:07,640 --> 00:31:09,680 Speaker 1: Robert Knox will always be an enigma. 515 00:31:11,240 --> 00:31:14,479 Speaker 7: Knox is as a He's an under explored character, isn't he. 516 00:31:14,560 --> 00:31:17,200 Speaker 7: I mean, he really is. He's he kind of disappeared 517 00:31:17,200 --> 00:31:21,560 Speaker 7: from view. I think he probably got away lightly. Certainly, 518 00:31:21,600 --> 00:31:24,360 Speaker 7: if something like that happened now and I was in 519 00:31:24,440 --> 00:31:27,760 Speaker 7: Knox's shoes, I wouldn't get away with it as he did. 520 00:31:27,960 --> 00:31:29,800 Speaker 5: No way. 521 00:31:32,400 --> 00:31:36,200 Speaker 1: There's an iconic landmark in Edinburgh called Arthur's Seat. It's 522 00:31:36,240 --> 00:31:39,440 Speaker 1: a mountain that's popular with avid hikers and it provides 523 00:31:39,520 --> 00:31:45,080 Speaker 1: us with a mysterious PostScript to this story. I talked 524 00:31:45,080 --> 00:31:48,360 Speaker 1: about this season so much that my family was determined 525 00:31:48,360 --> 00:31:56,640 Speaker 1: to climb Arthur's Seat when we were there. That way, 526 00:31:58,080 --> 00:31:59,240 Speaker 1: you want to go to the tippy top? 527 00:31:59,400 --> 00:32:00,800 Speaker 2: Yeah, look, that's pretty high man. 528 00:32:01,360 --> 00:32:02,720 Speaker 3: Yeah, so. 529 00:32:04,240 --> 00:32:06,000 Speaker 7: I've never feeling the supposed to mounted. 530 00:32:08,000 --> 00:32:12,080 Speaker 1: In eighteen thirty six, seven years after William Burke was executed, 531 00:32:12,600 --> 00:32:15,840 Speaker 1: a group of boys climbed Arthur's Seat and made a 532 00:32:15,880 --> 00:32:21,160 Speaker 1: fascinating discovery. The boys were hunting rabbits inside the caves 533 00:32:21,480 --> 00:32:24,280 Speaker 1: when they found something hidden behind some pieces of rock. 534 00:32:26,520 --> 00:32:31,160 Speaker 1: There were seventeen miniature coffins with tiny bodies inside, each 535 00:32:31,400 --> 00:32:34,960 Speaker 1: expertly carved out of wood and even clothed with outfits 536 00:32:34,960 --> 00:32:38,480 Speaker 1: made of cotton. Their maker had laid them in two 537 00:32:38,640 --> 00:32:42,200 Speaker 1: rows of eight, with one on top. Of course, Birkenhare 538 00:32:42,280 --> 00:32:45,720 Speaker 1: had sixteen victims, but Old Donald was one of the 539 00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:49,720 Speaker 1: first bodies sold. Back then, there were rumors that the 540 00:32:49,760 --> 00:32:51,560 Speaker 1: dolls were connected to witchcraft. 541 00:32:52,080 --> 00:32:54,400 Speaker 2: Or they were voodoo dolls, but. 542 00:32:54,480 --> 00:32:59,160 Speaker 1: Perhaps they were surrogate burials for the seventeen people who 543 00:32:59,200 --> 00:33:03,160 Speaker 1: were faded for Robert Knox's Anatomy Table. Eight of the 544 00:33:03,240 --> 00:33:05,960 Speaker 1: dolls and their coffins are on display at the National 545 00:33:06,080 --> 00:33:12,880 Speaker 1: Museum of Scotland and Edinburgh, and recently experts there discovered 546 00:33:12,880 --> 00:33:15,840 Speaker 1: that the figures were all made from one single piece 547 00:33:15,920 --> 00:33:21,080 Speaker 1: of wood, using tools likely owned by a shoemaker, a 548 00:33:21,080 --> 00:33:25,920 Speaker 1: cobbler like William Burke. So Janet Philp and other experts 549 00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:26,640 Speaker 1: have a theory. 550 00:33:27,640 --> 00:33:31,520 Speaker 4: The suggestion is that this is Burke making the little 551 00:33:32,600 --> 00:33:39,440 Speaker 4: effigies of the victims that then were buried. It is possible, 552 00:33:39,480 --> 00:33:41,400 Speaker 4: I mean, if they were made with cobbling tools. He 553 00:33:41,520 --> 00:33:42,160 Speaker 4: was a cobbler. 554 00:33:42,440 --> 00:33:43,960 Speaker 2: He was, prior to. 555 00:33:43,880 --> 00:33:46,400 Speaker 4: This, a religious man who walked around carrying a Bible. 556 00:33:47,040 --> 00:33:51,120 Speaker 4: It would be nice to think that Burke had enough 557 00:33:51,120 --> 00:33:54,400 Speaker 4: of a conscience that he did that, but we're never 558 00:33:54,440 --> 00:33:54,800 Speaker 4: going to know. 559 00:33:55,760 --> 00:34:00,680 Speaker 1: Remember, Burke appeared to be a devout Catholic. Seems to 560 00:34:00,760 --> 00:34:06,400 Speaker 1: make the most sense to me. Just a five minute 561 00:34:06,400 --> 00:34:09,280 Speaker 1: walk away from the miniature coffins at the National Museum 562 00:34:09,400 --> 00:34:12,239 Speaker 1: is another relic, a more gruesome one. 563 00:34:13,360 --> 00:34:17,279 Speaker 8: So here Wealth a most infamous resident. I suppose to 564 00:34:17,320 --> 00:34:20,200 Speaker 8: call him skeleton of William Burke, and also have a 565 00:34:20,239 --> 00:34:22,279 Speaker 8: life mask and a death mask of Burke. 566 00:34:23,200 --> 00:34:26,600 Speaker 1: My guide Malcolm McCollum is pointing to William Burke's skeleton. 567 00:34:27,239 --> 00:34:30,600 Speaker 1: He's not very tall or broad, but I'm not actually 568 00:34:30,600 --> 00:34:33,240 Speaker 1: sure what the bones of a serial killer really should 569 00:34:33,239 --> 00:34:37,719 Speaker 1: look like. Burke skeleton is now a popular display in 570 00:34:37,760 --> 00:34:41,279 Speaker 1: the Anatomy Museum of the Edinburgh Medical School, along with 571 00:34:41,360 --> 00:34:44,400 Speaker 1: his death mask and a book made from his tanned skin. 572 00:34:45,080 --> 00:34:47,600 Speaker 8: I think that's really quite a chilling echo from the past. 573 00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:50,359 Speaker 8: So having the skeleton is a loaded thing because it's 574 00:34:51,320 --> 00:34:55,480 Speaker 8: obviously it's a person, it's a notorious murderer, and it's 575 00:34:55,520 --> 00:34:57,839 Speaker 8: in a location where he probably didn't want to be 576 00:34:57,840 --> 00:35:01,319 Speaker 8: because he was dissected by the medic skill. It's an 577 00:35:01,400 --> 00:35:05,319 Speaker 8: endlessly fascinating skeleton. People want to look at it and 578 00:35:05,360 --> 00:35:08,000 Speaker 8: come and see it and measure on them. 579 00:35:08,160 --> 00:35:12,360 Speaker 1: And anatomy professor Doctor Tom Gillingwater is the skeletons guardian. 580 00:35:13,280 --> 00:35:16,720 Speaker 7: I have the dubious honor of having responsibility and ownership 581 00:35:16,719 --> 00:35:19,600 Speaker 7: of a mass murder of skeleton, and that's not something 582 00:35:19,640 --> 00:35:21,160 Speaker 7: I ever thought i'd be saying or would come with 583 00:35:21,200 --> 00:35:24,240 Speaker 7: a job title, and part of me thinks, well, Craig, 584 00:35:24,320 --> 00:35:26,320 Speaker 7: you know, I don't like that. That's not something that 585 00:35:26,360 --> 00:35:30,799 Speaker 7: I'd warm to. But the way that his legacy can 586 00:35:30,880 --> 00:35:34,359 Speaker 7: be turned to be positive is really heartwarming. 587 00:35:35,239 --> 00:35:38,640 Speaker 1: He says that the story actually helps him educate people, 588 00:35:39,200 --> 00:35:40,360 Speaker 1: especially children. 589 00:35:40,960 --> 00:35:44,520 Speaker 7: He's a great discussion point. He's a great way in 590 00:35:44,560 --> 00:35:49,080 Speaker 7: to having these discussions around death, around bodies, around dying, 591 00:35:49,520 --> 00:35:53,360 Speaker 7: around organ donation, around body donation. You know, we have 592 00:35:53,360 --> 00:35:56,520 Speaker 7: school kids come through the museum lots. That's the kind 593 00:35:56,520 --> 00:35:58,879 Speaker 7: of questions that adults are too. Oh I mustn't ask, 594 00:36:00,640 --> 00:36:03,440 Speaker 7: that wouldn't be appropriate there just asking. They'll come straight 595 00:36:03,480 --> 00:36:07,040 Speaker 7: out with the brilliant questions. And it's great because I 596 00:36:07,040 --> 00:36:08,960 Speaker 7: wouldn't want to engage them with Okay, so what do 597 00:36:08,960 --> 00:36:10,160 Speaker 7: you think about Fox? What are you going to do 598 00:36:10,200 --> 00:36:11,920 Speaker 7: when you die? I can't think of anything worse to 599 00:36:11,960 --> 00:36:14,239 Speaker 7: try and engage the group of eleven year old kids. 600 00:36:17,080 --> 00:36:20,680 Speaker 1: Burke's execution marked the end of a devastating chapter in 601 00:36:20,800 --> 00:36:26,080 Speaker 1: Edinburgh's sordid history, but those crimes would linger in haunting 602 00:36:26,120 --> 00:36:30,400 Speaker 1: ways for the compelling and torture protagonists and surgeon Square 603 00:36:31,200 --> 00:36:36,680 Speaker 1: the case changed law and inspired copycats. Two years later, 604 00:36:36,760 --> 00:36:39,759 Speaker 1: in eighteen thirty one, four men in England dubbed the 605 00:36:39,800 --> 00:36:44,080 Speaker 1: London Workers, modeled their attacks on indigence after the Scottish 606 00:36:44,160 --> 00:36:46,000 Speaker 1: murderers killing three people. 607 00:36:46,880 --> 00:36:49,480 Speaker 4: There were people down in London who were supplying bodies 608 00:36:49,480 --> 00:36:52,279 Speaker 4: for the medical schools. They did drug their victims and 609 00:36:52,400 --> 00:36:53,920 Speaker 4: they drugged them with lauden them and then they hung 610 00:36:53,960 --> 00:36:56,840 Speaker 4: them upside down in a well to drown. Okay, but 611 00:36:56,840 --> 00:36:58,480 Speaker 4: they only supplied two or three bodies. 612 00:36:59,040 --> 00:37:00,680 Speaker 2: But they were and burkers. 613 00:37:00,680 --> 00:37:02,319 Speaker 4: They were inspired by Birkenhead. 614 00:37:03,200 --> 00:37:05,399 Speaker 2: The British public had finally had enough. 615 00:37:05,800 --> 00:37:09,120 Speaker 7: I think the biggest legacy, however, by far, is the 616 00:37:09,160 --> 00:37:12,800 Speaker 7: introduction of the legislation that followed. There was a growing 617 00:37:12,960 --> 00:37:16,400 Speaker 7: acceptance that what was happening could not continue and should 618 00:37:16,400 --> 00:37:20,240 Speaker 7: not continue, and the introduction of the Anatomy Act really 619 00:37:20,480 --> 00:37:23,800 Speaker 7: then set the blueprint for what weir as a society 620 00:37:23,880 --> 00:37:27,200 Speaker 7: felt the process of body donation and the usage of 621 00:37:27,239 --> 00:37:29,200 Speaker 7: bodies should be going forward. 622 00:37:30,200 --> 00:37:33,520 Speaker 1: The year after Birkenhair's case, the country tried to pass 623 00:37:33,560 --> 00:37:37,359 Speaker 1: an Anatomy Act, but the proposal failed. Three years later, 624 00:37:37,400 --> 00:37:40,760 Speaker 1: British Parliament passed the Anatomy Act of eighteen thirty two, 625 00:37:40,920 --> 00:37:43,400 Speaker 1: the first national law of its kind and a guide 626 00:37:43,400 --> 00:37:46,080 Speaker 1: for the rest of the world, including the United States. 627 00:37:46,600 --> 00:37:49,000 Speaker 1: It said that people who practiced anatomy had to be 628 00:37:49,120 --> 00:37:53,160 Speaker 1: licensed and had to take responsibility for treating the corpses properly. 629 00:37:54,280 --> 00:37:57,680 Speaker 1: The law gave schools and doctors access to unclaimed bodies 630 00:37:57,680 --> 00:38:02,080 Speaker 1: and charitable hospitals and workhouses, and including the debtors prison 631 00:38:02,719 --> 00:38:03,360 Speaker 1: the poor. 632 00:38:03,440 --> 00:38:07,239 Speaker 4: From the workhouse, the unclaimed dead can be dissected. When 633 00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:08,799 Speaker 4: I first read this, I thought, well, that's the people 634 00:38:08,840 --> 00:38:10,960 Speaker 4: who haven't got any families, and that's a way of 635 00:38:11,560 --> 00:38:14,359 Speaker 4: almost a stopping point on the way to burial. They'll 636 00:38:14,360 --> 00:38:16,760 Speaker 4: go through the medical school and then get buried. 637 00:38:17,239 --> 00:38:20,080 Speaker 1: Next of ken could also donate corpses of loved ones 638 00:38:20,120 --> 00:38:23,080 Speaker 1: in exchange for a proper burial paid by the medical schools, 639 00:38:23,280 --> 00:38:25,759 Speaker 1: but only after the bodies had served their purpose on 640 00:38:25,840 --> 00:38:30,319 Speaker 1: the anatomous table. The new law helped advance science, but 641 00:38:30,400 --> 00:38:31,640 Speaker 1: there certainly was a cost. 642 00:38:32,480 --> 00:38:35,960 Speaker 4: So dissection used to be a thing that was associated 643 00:38:35,960 --> 00:38:38,240 Speaker 4: with having committed a crime, and then when the Anatomy 644 00:38:38,280 --> 00:38:40,799 Speaker 4: Act came in, it became a thing that was associated 645 00:38:40,840 --> 00:38:43,440 Speaker 4: with being poor. So it was then linking in the 646 00:38:43,440 --> 00:38:45,640 Speaker 4: mind of some people, poor people with criminals. 647 00:38:46,400 --> 00:38:50,080 Speaker 1: But regardless, the Anatomy Act was a big step forward. 648 00:38:50,520 --> 00:38:52,759 Speaker 4: And if Burke and Hare hadn't done what they did, 649 00:38:53,040 --> 00:38:57,680 Speaker 4: we wouldn't have had that, so that is probably their legacy. 650 00:38:58,160 --> 00:39:02,120 Speaker 1: Britain's anatomy Law quickly travel to America, shaping state laws 651 00:39:02,160 --> 00:39:06,600 Speaker 1: and becoming the standard anatomical legislation. These laws, and the 652 00:39:06,640 --> 00:39:10,640 Speaker 1: advent of embalming to preserve corpses effectively ended the practice 653 00:39:10,640 --> 00:39:15,120 Speaker 1: of grave robbing. Doctors in Britain and America weren't relegated 654 00:39:15,160 --> 00:39:19,720 Speaker 1: to deteriorated bodies for research, the progress of medical science 655 00:39:19,800 --> 00:39:29,640 Speaker 1: sped up. Birkenhare had changed medicine in America for almost 656 00:39:29,640 --> 00:39:34,480 Speaker 1: two centuries. Birkenhare have haunted Britain, murderous fiends who frightened 657 00:39:34,520 --> 00:39:39,360 Speaker 1: wicked children into minding their parents. Their sensational crimes provoked 658 00:39:39,360 --> 00:39:44,600 Speaker 1: contemporary artists and writers, including Robert Lewis Stevenson, Edgar Allan Poe, 659 00:39:44,640 --> 00:39:48,760 Speaker 1: and Sir Walter Scott. Stevenson wrote his famous short story 660 00:39:48,960 --> 00:39:53,640 Speaker 1: The Body Snatchers, based on Birkenhair and Knox in nineteen 661 00:39:53,680 --> 00:39:57,040 Speaker 1: fifty seven. Actor Peter Cushing would later use Knox as 662 00:39:57,040 --> 00:40:00,239 Speaker 1: his inspiration for his performance in the classic movie The 663 00:40:00,320 --> 00:40:05,120 Speaker 1: Curse of Frankenstein, and the themes from Birkenhair's story continue 664 00:40:05,160 --> 00:40:09,399 Speaker 1: to resound loudly today now. When questions are raised about 665 00:40:09,400 --> 00:40:13,440 Speaker 1: the lucrative medical transplant industry or the illicit harvesting of 666 00:40:13,480 --> 00:40:17,160 Speaker 1: body parts, the story of Birkenhare is often resurrected. 667 00:40:18,120 --> 00:40:20,600 Speaker 7: The legacy of birkenhas to remind us that if we 668 00:40:20,640 --> 00:40:24,520 Speaker 7: don't do things properly, if we don't do things with 669 00:40:24,640 --> 00:40:27,320 Speaker 7: that respect and dignity that the law kind of enshrines 670 00:40:27,640 --> 00:40:31,239 Speaker 7: for the donors, we risk going back to a situation 671 00:40:31,360 --> 00:40:35,400 Speaker 7: that is not good for either the public, for the universities, 672 00:40:35,400 --> 00:40:38,680 Speaker 7: for the medical schools, or for the doctors that are 673 00:40:38,719 --> 00:40:41,000 Speaker 7: being trained and hoping to benefit from it. 674 00:40:41,800 --> 00:40:45,680 Speaker 1: Doctor Robert Knox, the Anatomist, once had an illustrious name 675 00:40:45,719 --> 00:40:49,719 Speaker 1: in Edinburgh, but ultimately he will be remembered as the 676 00:40:49,760 --> 00:40:52,920 Speaker 1: star of one of the most gruesome stories in world history, 677 00:40:53,960 --> 00:40:59,319 Speaker 1: a ghastly reminder, a quiet warning of greed, damnation, and 678 00:40:59,360 --> 00:41:15,440 Speaker 1: the uneasy relationship between saving lives and saving souls. We 679 00:41:15,520 --> 00:41:18,280 Speaker 1: hope that you've enjoyed Season two of Tenfold More Wicked 680 00:41:18,320 --> 00:41:22,400 Speaker 1: on Exactly Right. Season three drops on Monday, March twenty ninth. 681 00:41:22,840 --> 00:41:25,840 Speaker 1: It's a wild Texas story. Look for the trailer in 682 00:41:25,920 --> 00:41:26,680 Speaker 1: just a few weeks. 683 00:41:28,120 --> 00:41:28,760 Speaker 2: If you love. 684 00:41:28,719 --> 00:41:32,120 Speaker 1: Historical true crime, be sure to order my book American Sherlock. 685 00:41:32,480 --> 00:41:35,239 Speaker 1: It's about a real life Sherlock Holmes who solved some 686 00:41:35,360 --> 00:41:38,759 Speaker 1: of the most gruesome murders in the nineteen twenties. This 687 00:41:38,800 --> 00:41:41,920 Speaker 1: has been an exactly Right and tenfold more media production 688 00:41:42,719 --> 00:41:47,240 Speaker 1: producers Jason Whaling and Laura Soble, Sound designer Eric Friend, 689 00:41:48,000 --> 00:41:54,600 Speaker 1: composer Curtis Heath, artwork Nick Toga. Executive producers Georgia Hartstark, 690 00:41:54,920 --> 00:41:59,520 Speaker 1: Karen Kilgarriff and Danielle Kramer. Follow us on Instagram and 691 00:41:59,560 --> 00:42:03,840 Speaker 1: Facebook at tenfold more Wicked and on Twitter at tenfold more. 692 00:42:04,600 --> 00:42:07,319 Speaker 1: If you're an advertiser interested in advertising on our show, 693 00:42:07,760 --> 00:42:11,680 Speaker 1: go to midroll dot com slash ads, and if you 694 00:42:11,719 --> 00:42:14,040 Speaker 1: know of a historical crime that could use some attention, 695 00:42:14,480 --> 00:42:21,400 Speaker 1: email us at info at tenfoldmorewicked dot com. So please listen, subscribe, 696 00:42:21,560 --> 00:42:24,960 Speaker 1: leave us a review on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, or wherever 697 00:42:25,000 --> 00:42:26,200 Speaker 1: you get your podcasts.