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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to stuff mom never told you?

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Speaker 1: From House Towards dot com. Hey, welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: This is Molly and I'm Kristen. Kristen. Yes, did you

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Speaker 1: know that we are in the middle of an epidemic? Oh, like,

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Speaker 1: it's not even swine flu, it's not disease related. But

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Speaker 1: there's an epidemic. Breaking news. I was reading about and stuff.

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Speaker 1: I was reading about it in the Washington Post and

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Speaker 1: this bulletin comes to us from the American Orthopedic Foot

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Speaker 1: and Ankle Society and they said that but problems resulting

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Speaker 1: from poorly thinning shoes have reached epidemic proportions and pose

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Speaker 1: a major health risk for women in America because of

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Speaker 1: high heels. Yes, they are the most dangerous shoes of

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Speaker 1: all and now we're an epidemic because of it. I mean,

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Speaker 1: you can't deny. Are you going to refuge the American

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Speaker 1: Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society? I think not listen to

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Speaker 1: this diary and statistic. Did you know that three point

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Speaker 1: five billion with the B is spent annually in the

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Speaker 1: United States for women's foot surgeries, and that because of

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Speaker 1: these foot surgeries, women are losing fifteen million work days

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Speaker 1: in a year. That's, according to the Washington Post, all

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Speaker 1: because of shoes. Yes, well this is it's bad news. Bears.

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Speaker 1: We are in the dark days of civilization. Yeah, I um,

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Speaker 1: you know, I think a lot of women know that

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Speaker 1: high heels are obviously not that great for their feet.

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Speaker 1: But do you want me to give you a rundown

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Speaker 1: of just how bad they are? Aside from those those statistics,

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Speaker 1: the reason why women are spending billions of dollars on

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Speaker 1: charactive foot surgeries because when you put on a pair

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Speaker 1: of strappy heels. Uh, the problems start with the knees. Yes,

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Speaker 1: the altered posture of walking and high heels as excess

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Speaker 1: force on the knees is all about like the pressure

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Speaker 1: um that you put on your your legs and feet

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Speaker 1: by wearing high heels. Um. One study to scoring to

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Speaker 1: that same article in the Washington Post, one study found

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Speaker 1: that knee joint pressure increased by as much as when

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Speaker 1: when women wear heels, and then it was all the

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Speaker 1: way down you're at your knees and then we go

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Speaker 1: down to the Achilles tendon. Uh. The Achilles senate is

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Speaker 1: tightened up and compressed when you are staying on your tiptoes.

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Speaker 1: And then we go down to the feet and you

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Speaker 1: get lovely things such as Bunyan's, who just sounds gross

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Speaker 1: because of those tight fitting um the toe boxes of

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Speaker 1: the end of the shoe, they're really tight um. It

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Speaker 1: can cause bony growths on the on the joints. Kristen,

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Speaker 1: can I talk you about my favorite problem on the foot? Yes,

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Speaker 1: the pump bump, pump pump. It's a bump you get

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Speaker 1: from wearing pumps. It's where the backs um are your

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Speaker 1: straps of your high heels irritate your heel and it

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Speaker 1: creates this bony enlargement also known as haglins deformitate. But

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Speaker 1: I prefer pump mom, pump up. That's that's good. And

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Speaker 1: then in addition to pump bump, you've also got hammer toes,

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Speaker 1: which comes in a close second to pump ump um.

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Speaker 1: And this is when the big toe contracts into a

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Speaker 1: claw like position. So your legs might look really good

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Speaker 1: when you're wearing the high heels, but then you take

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Speaker 1: them off at the end of the day and you

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Speaker 1: have some gnarly uh feet are so nat And that's

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Speaker 1: if you don't like break an ankle trying to run

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Speaker 1: down the street. In these things like ankle injuries are

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Speaker 1: a huge possibility. And just the way you put and

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Speaker 1: basically you're putting your whole body weight on your toe

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Speaker 1: and one our cloves ring in. The Washington Post compared

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Speaker 1: this too. Would you want all the weight in an

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Speaker 1: airplane situated at the front so that you were nose down?

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Speaker 1: I don't think so. No, you're it's gonna crash. But

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Speaker 1: we're gonna wear our heels. But why do we? Hes

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Speaker 1: very good question, that's the question of today. And why

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Speaker 1: would women put themselves through these potential problems torture. Well,

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Speaker 1: the funny thing about high heels Molly is that their

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Speaker 1: popularity really took off among men folk. First, this was

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Speaker 1: the most interesting fact my research this week. Is that

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Speaker 1: men used to love them some high heels. That's high heels. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: this all started. Um. They traced the high heel back

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Speaker 1: in Europe to these clod hoppers called Shoppin's. Shoppings. Shoppings

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Speaker 1: and Shoppin's were worn in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries

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Speaker 1: and they were essentially just giant blocks of wood, sometimes

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Speaker 1: as tall as twenty high. That became popular first among

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Speaker 1: Venetian courtisans, and they were basically used to elevate your

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Speaker 1: feet from the grit and grime that you would be

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Speaker 1: walking through. Yeah, it was a practical purpose. The streets

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Speaker 1: for dirty back then in Europe, so you to keep

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Speaker 1: your elegant clothing clean. So wearing these very high essentially platforms,

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Speaker 1: it sounds like, i was a way to denote the

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Speaker 1: fact that you had the money to keep you know,

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Speaker 1: your elegant clothes clean and like the ragamuffins on the street.

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Speaker 1: But men loved these, and they loved also being the

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Speaker 1: accessories for women who needed help obviously walking down a

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Speaker 1: straight and platform shopping um. And then we have the

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Speaker 1: invention of the actual high heel. We go from the

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Speaker 1: block of wood to the heel sometime around the end

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Speaker 1: of the sixteenth century, and this made high heels a

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Speaker 1: little more, a little more practical. Yeah. In fact, men

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Speaker 1: liked them because it was easier to get in your

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Speaker 1: stirrup when you went off horseback riding. But for women

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Speaker 1: it made the foot appear small and dainty, and just

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Speaker 1: like the shipping, it's just this ultimate marker of status, right,

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Speaker 1: basically showing I'm not a peasant. I don't have to

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Speaker 1: go on the streets and work like I'm gonna stay

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Speaker 1: here in these impractical shoes, right because they wouldn't have

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Speaker 1: to go out and labor. And then when they were out,

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Speaker 1: they were elevated above all of the filth metaphorically and physically, yes, exactly,

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Speaker 1: and their popularity really took off in France in the

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Speaker 1: court of Louis the fourteenth, who loved him some heels.

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Speaker 1: He did. In fact, he and the people that he said,

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Speaker 1: we're okay, there were the only people who could wear

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Speaker 1: heels in his presence, and he was famous for his

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Speaker 1: red heel. Yes, he loved his red heels that were

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Speaker 1: sometimes even painted with with scenes of his military victories

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Speaker 1: and things like that. Now, he was one of the

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Speaker 1: last big guys to be into high heels. Men were

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Speaker 1: beginning to abandon them by the seventeen thirties. Um, but

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Speaker 1: you know, France went through some problems after Louis the fourteen.

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Speaker 1: Little think all the French Revolution, and at that time

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Speaker 1: you really wouldn't want to be marked by your nobility. Basically,

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Speaker 1: they sent Marie Antoinette off to the guillotine in her heels,

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Speaker 1: and everyone was like, well, I don't want those. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: so they kind of they kind of die out of

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Speaker 1: a fashion. But then they come back in the late

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Speaker 1: nineteenth century. Yeah, and this again it happens in France.

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Speaker 1: People were flocking to pair self to places like New York,

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Speaker 1: living this very costropolitan lifestyle, lots of nightlife. Um, and

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Speaker 1: when they reappear, they're very much entrenched as female footwear.

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Speaker 1: It's a it's a very strong gender marker. And the

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Speaker 1: revival of of the high heel came along with um

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Speaker 1: when roads started to be paved. When you have the

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Speaker 1: wide boulevards that are actually being taken care of, it's

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Speaker 1: a lot easier to walk. And so a lot more

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Speaker 1: women were out, you know, just taking strolls and parading around,

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Speaker 1: and they wanted to show off their dainty, well healed

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Speaker 1: foot Yeah, and no more cobblestone. But you know, it's

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Speaker 1: interesting to me is that even though these women were

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Speaker 1: promenading down alleyways and their fashionable heels, that even when

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Speaker 1: they went to work for women's rights, they did not

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Speaker 1: abandon the heell. You would think that it being in

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Speaker 1: this very um feminine thing that women who were trying

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Speaker 1: to get equality would put in their closet and say,

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Speaker 1: you know, we're like men, we want boats to But

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Speaker 1: actually suffragets made a big point about wearing heels because

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Speaker 1: they wanted to prove that just because they got the boat,

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Speaker 1: they wouldn't lose their femininity, right only they even they

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Speaker 1: even played sports and high heels. There were some high

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Speaker 1: heeled tennis shoes that women back then would wear as

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Speaker 1: they played tennis, which I think I think they should

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Speaker 1: just bring that back for Wimbledon next year, all right,

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Speaker 1: and special, just a special, you know, exhibition game. Okay, Um,

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Speaker 1: let's keep moving all right. So stock market crashes, you'd

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Speaker 1: think that luxuries like shoes would die away, right, No,

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Speaker 1: they became even bigger. They were especially used in movies

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Speaker 1: because they helped people escape these awful, you know, dreary lives.

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Speaker 1: And the war would not stop high heels either. Even

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Speaker 1: when there were materials that were rationed, you know, that

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Speaker 1: have been previously used for high heeled shoes, they found

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Speaker 1: ways around them. Right. They use a lot of wood

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Speaker 1: and even snakeskin and kind of got creative with the

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Speaker 1: materials they were using, and they did not stop making

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Speaker 1: heels just because of the war. In fact, we owe

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Speaker 1: the stiletto to World War Two because they had all

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Speaker 1: these new materials that they have been using for the war,

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Speaker 1: like steel, and that's how they came up with a

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Speaker 1: strong material that could support a foot on such a

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Speaker 1: tiny heel. Right, And since then, thanks to the steel heel,

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Speaker 1: um stilettos have been in vogue really ever since what

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Speaker 1: fifties and sixties. Yeah, I mean, basically you're not limited

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Speaker 1: anymore by physics. When they're making these wooden heels and

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Speaker 1: they would try and reinforce them with pegs, you still

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Speaker 1: couldn't go too high because the wood would just snap.

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Speaker 1: But now the sky is the limit or is it?

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Speaker 1: Or is it? But molly along with the stiletto, okay,

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Speaker 1: as opposed to a platform or a chunkier heel. With

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Speaker 1: the stiletto in particular, you have this new shape of

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Speaker 1: a woman's body because of what a siletto does to

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Speaker 1: the female form. Kind of like when you were talking

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Speaker 1: about the illustration they used in the Washington Post where

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Speaker 1: the all of the weight in the airplane is moved

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Speaker 1: to the front, and that's kind of what a siletto

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Speaker 1: does and actually adjust your your body so that it

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Speaker 1: tips the buttocks twenty to thirty degrees back and then

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Speaker 1: also pushes the bus line out. It creates more of

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Speaker 1: an exaggerated female curve. Yeah, animates your lugs look longer. Yes,

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Speaker 1: So if there's a benefit to be had from the

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Speaker 1: high heel, people say, it's because it makes the female

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Speaker 1: form look pretty amazing. So it's beneficial to have these

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Speaker 1: women walking around in high heels because you know, it

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Speaker 1: makes them more attractive to men. Right. So, but at

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Speaker 1: the same time, Molly, uh, the siletto has also become

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Speaker 1: this undeniable cultural sex symbol, which is why some people

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Speaker 1: don't like it. You know, they're certainly people who would

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Speaker 1: argue that it's a male all vision of what a

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Speaker 1: sex symbol should be. We put these women in these shoes,

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Speaker 1: we elevate their butts, make their legs look longer, and

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Speaker 1: that's how we'll find them attractive. Right and comparing it

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Speaker 1: to antiquated things like courses and foot binding, all compressing

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Speaker 1: in a woman's body to make this supposedly perfect form,

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Speaker 1: which is actually unhealthy at the end of the day.

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Speaker 1: For instance, uh, Sheila Jeffries, who is the author of

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Speaker 1: Beauty and misogyny says that men have traditionally demanded that

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Speaker 1: women walk and dance in pain and gained great sexual

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Speaker 1: satisfaction from this. So that's sort of like kind of

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Speaker 1: the extreme anti high heel view because of what what

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Speaker 1: it does to the to the female form. Yeah, and

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Speaker 1: all the other angue about women who just like the

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Speaker 1: way they look like sort of the art of it.

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Speaker 1: And if you're looking for a good benefit to throw

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Speaker 1: out in terms of sex life, let me offer you this,

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Speaker 1: which is from BBC News. Uh, there's this study done

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Speaker 1: in Europe that uh, sixty six women under the age

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Speaker 1: of fifty that when they held their foot at that

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Speaker 1: angle to the ground and to and sheiell thereabouts, um,

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Speaker 1: it showed that their pelvic muscles were stronger. Right, And

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Speaker 1: so the thinking was by this zurologist who was doing

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Speaker 1: this study was since women were getting this unintentional pelvic exercise,

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Speaker 1: they would be better in the bed. Yeah, better sex

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Speaker 1: life if you wore heels, because you know, those are

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Speaker 1: the muscles that get sort of traditionally weakened by childbirth

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Speaker 1: and the passage of time. But if you've got these

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Speaker 1: one walking around, it keeps the muscle strong. Now I'm

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Speaker 1: not going to buy this argument personally, Kristen. Yeah, this

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Speaker 1: this argument done was done by h self avowed high

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Speaker 1: heel addict, so she might have been maybe tweeting results.

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Speaker 1: I don't know. Um, maybe she just wanted another reason

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Speaker 1: to buy a new pair of heels. Yea. Sometimes you

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Speaker 1: start out with your hypothesis and find a way to

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Speaker 1: meet it, right. But there's there's another interesting point raised

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Speaker 1: about um this image of women in heels in an

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Speaker 1: column in The Guardian by Hannah Betts, and she was

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Speaker 1: saying that spikes are also a form of armor for women,

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Speaker 1: especially in the workforce. Like if you put on a

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Speaker 1: pair of very attractive high heels with a well fitting suit, Molly,

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Speaker 1: you feel kind of you feel pretty powerful. In fact,

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Speaker 1: Patricia Field, who did the costumes for Sex in the City,

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Speaker 1: in that same Guardian arcle, said that she always used

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Speaker 1: to let us to symbolize character, sexual power and their independence.

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Speaker 1: So I mean, deal with that what you will. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they're definitely arguments, you know, pro heel anti heel arguments,

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Speaker 1: but it's interesting to know that we do have. I've

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Speaker 1: really got men to think for for high heels being popular. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and maybe they'll come back. You know, in the seventies

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Speaker 1: during the disco age, that's what men started wearing some

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Speaker 1: heels again, it could come back some platforms. I am

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Speaker 1: personally not a fan of the heel Kristen. I'm I

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Speaker 1: would like to be comfortable, and I'm I rarely find

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Speaker 1: heals comfortable. Well, well, here's a little tip from a

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Speaker 1: British physicist who actually worked out an equation for or

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Speaker 1: the maximum heel height formula that a woman can wear.

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Speaker 1: And he took let's see the probability that wearing the

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Speaker 1: shoes will turn heads against the number of years of

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Speaker 1: experience you have wearing high heels, against the cost and

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Speaker 1: the time since the shoe is in the height of fashion.

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Speaker 1: And then the most critical element of this, which is

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Speaker 1: the unit of alcohol consumed while wearing these heels. And

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Speaker 1: he found that you women can't wear any higher than

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Speaker 1: five inches before before they'll fall, especially if they are

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Speaker 1: consuming alcohol. So you know, that's the thing is, That's

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Speaker 1: what I'm trying to get out. I do not need

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Speaker 1: a shoe that requires a formula to figure out how

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Speaker 1: much she can wear, particularly there's gonna be alcohol involve

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Speaker 1: which is too much work. So I personally on behalf

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Speaker 1: of all flip flop ballet flat wears everywhere. Do a

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Speaker 1: little research about whether that's better than a high heel.

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Speaker 1: It's not what it is unfortunate. I was in the

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Speaker 1: This Washington Post. Can we keep citing one Pedietris said

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Speaker 1: that the all thing that flip flops do best is

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Speaker 1: carry patients into my office. It's because there's no support.

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Speaker 1: You can't walk around the city all day with basically

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Speaker 1: just a wedge of plastic under there. And you know,

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Speaker 1: and and to get that signature flip flop sound, you've

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Speaker 1: got to move your heeler from the shoe surface. That

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Speaker 1: creates tension your foot, which just worsens painful conditions in

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Speaker 1: the foot. Like we're always going to have this battle

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Speaker 1: between function and fashion and when it comes to footwear,

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Speaker 1: because the only thing they really can recommend to us

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Speaker 1: are sneakers. Sneakers, and you know, there's just gonna be

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Speaker 1: outfits that we ladies have that will not tolerate a

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Speaker 1: sneaker or well, you know what you can make it work,

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Speaker 1: how Tim Gunn Just creativity and confidence. Well, the rule

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Speaker 1: of thumb is if you want something a little more

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Speaker 1: concrete than Christie's creativity and confidence is that if you

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Speaker 1: are going to wear three in chields, only wear them

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Speaker 1: for three hours. So save them for your nights out

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Speaker 1: for a dinner, and then get rid of them and

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Speaker 1: don't wear them every day. Save your feet sometimes, and

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Speaker 1: you know, maybe go a little lower because I was

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Speaker 1: reading in this infamous Washington Post article that a three

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Speaker 1: inch heeld puts seven times more stress on you than

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Speaker 1: a one inch heeld. So basically, make small little sacrifices,

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Speaker 1: maybe some kitten heels one day and some stilettos. We

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Speaker 1: can win this battle of fashion versus function with Kristen's

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Speaker 1: creativity and confidence. I'm just gonna try and bring back

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Speaker 1: the shipping myself. So keep an eye up for that, guys.

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Speaker 1: So along with for men to help you get around town. Yes,

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Speaker 1: uh usual, it is as usual. Um, speaking of things

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Speaker 1: we do as usual, shall we do some listener mail please?

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Speaker 1: So we got a lot of response about whether men

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Speaker 1: liked video games more than women? Yeah, I think my

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Speaker 1: two favorite responses for from Ryan and Nick, and they

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Speaker 1: both wrote in because when they saw the episode title

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Speaker 1: do men like video games more than women? They read

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Speaker 1: it as do men like video games? More than they

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Speaker 1: like women, and it both gave them a little bit

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Speaker 1: of a chuckle. Yeah. I think one of them even said, like, yes,

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Speaker 1: there are times when my wife snagging me that I'm

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Speaker 1: gonna like my video games better. It's understandable. Um. And

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Speaker 1: then we also had a lot of responses to things

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Speaker 1: we mentioned about what gender you choose to play the

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Speaker 1: game in. We had Britt right in who was talking

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Speaker 1: about how PlayStation Home is the PlayStation network equivalent to

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Speaker 1: Second Life. Sony's attempt to break into social networking out

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Speaker 1: of curiosity on the first day the test launched, she

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Speaker 1: made up a female avatar and immediately she's got male

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Speaker 1: avatars cat calling her, making low comments to her. She

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Speaker 1: tried to explore the different areas, so she gives up

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Speaker 1: creates a tall male avatar and that was the only

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Speaker 1: way should go through the whole thing in peace. But

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Speaker 1: then on the other time, we've got Tom who says

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Speaker 1: that there are a few benefits to being a female character, like,

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Speaker 1: while you do get that very explicit unwanted attention, he

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Speaker 1: finds that if you have a female avatar, you get

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Speaker 1: more help from other gamers. So, um, on several games

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Speaker 1: where my player was a female my character and my

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Speaker 1: friend's character was a male Tom Rights. I was able

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Speaker 1: to advance a lot quicker and easier because people were

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Speaker 1: more likely to help me. So there are advantages. Our

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Speaker 1: last example is not about being in an actual game,

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Speaker 1: but being in the gaming world. She works at game

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Speaker 1: Stop and or she worked there, and she said that

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Speaker 1: when male gamers came in and saw that there was

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Speaker 1: a girl there who could talk intelligently about games, that

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Speaker 1: they became immediately inclined to view girls who liked video games.

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Speaker 1: It potential romantic pursuits. Uh perceived scarceament that being asked

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Speaker 1: that was a daily experience for herself and the stores

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Speaker 1: other female workers. A volume that has never been duplicated

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Speaker 1: in any of other Lawrence jobs before or since. All right, well,

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Speaker 1: we've got a reading list and a video game list,

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Speaker 1: combo um to close things out today. And this is

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Speaker 1: from trevn and Trevin lives in Tallahassee, Florida, in case

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Speaker 1: anyone was wondering. And he is reading this summer a

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Speaker 1: lot of things, and I will pull out three of them.

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Speaker 1: He is reading Me Talk Pretty One Day by David Sedaris.

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Speaker 1: Good choice. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking

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Speaker 1: Glass by Louis Carroll and Catch Her in the Ride

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Speaker 1: by J. D. Salinger. And then for a couple of

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Speaker 1: video games he's playing semi often he says Resident Evil four,

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Speaker 1: Super Super Mario, Galaxy, We Sports, and Legend of Zelda,

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Speaker 1: Twilight Princess. Wow. Thanks for writing in trevn. He's got

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Speaker 1: a lot of video games, on a lot of books

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Speaker 1: on his BoPET A guy Trevin does not doesn't waste

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Speaker 1: a lot of time. Well, if you can waste just

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Speaker 1: a little bit of time, but you may not see

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Speaker 1: it as a waste of time. To email Christen Amy,

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Speaker 1: We don't see it as a waste of time. We

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Speaker 1: certainly don't. We love your emails. Email us at mom

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Speaker 1: stuff at how stuff works dot com. If you want

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Speaker 1: to waste a little time online, you can read our

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Speaker 1: blog again not necessarily waste of time. It's how to

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Speaker 1: stuff And if you want to find more about fashion

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Speaker 1: through the ages again, you're gonna want to hit up

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Speaker 1: ord at how stuff works dot com for more on

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Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics. Is it how stuff

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Speaker 1: works dot com Brought to you by the Reinvented two

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