WEBVTT - Selects: How Royalty Works 0:00:00.680 --> 0:00:04.280 Hey, everybody. Mr Chuck Bryant here, Charles w. That is, 0:00:04.760 --> 0:00:06.760 if you want to know how royalty works, we can 0:00:06.880 --> 0:00:10.640 sort of explain that. This is from Jeez about six 0:00:10.720 --> 0:00:15.440 years ago, from September eleven. We talk all about royalty 0:00:15.880 --> 0:00:24.960 and probably get about right. Welcome to Stuff you should know, 0:00:25.280 --> 0:00:33.760 a production of I Heart Radio. Hey, and welcome to 0:00:33.800 --> 0:00:37.080 the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles w. W W, Chuck 0:00:37.159 --> 0:00:40.600 Bryant and Jerry. What's your problem? This is should know? 0:00:41.479 --> 0:00:44.279 My problem is I got an eye twitch. Yeah, it's 0:00:44.280 --> 0:00:48.880 a little weird. Okay, you can see it. Who can't? 0:00:49.600 --> 0:00:52.720 My left eyes is going crazy? All right, it's I 0:00:52.800 --> 0:00:57.560 think stabilized. Yeah it seems too. Yeah. Mitosis kicking in. 0:00:58.600 --> 0:01:02.280 You're what mitosis? What kind of toasts you got? Uh? 0:01:02.560 --> 0:01:04.640 Tosis is when you have a droopy eyelid. You know 0:01:04.640 --> 0:01:06.319 I told you about that recently. You're like, you do 0:01:07.120 --> 0:01:11.080 see that left eyelet is is more exposed. It's like 0:01:11.120 --> 0:01:14.080 a forest Whittaker. I know what you're saying. I see that. 0:01:14.120 --> 0:01:17.000 Like if I compare it to the other eyelid, I 0:01:17.000 --> 0:01:19.240 can see more of your left eyelid, but it doesn't 0:01:19.280 --> 0:01:23.320 appear droopy. I think that's the right term for it. 0:01:23.600 --> 0:01:28.320 Tosis no droopy No, well it's tosas is a droopy eelid, 0:01:28.480 --> 0:01:30.600 and I have it. I think it's a toasta highlid. 0:01:31.080 --> 0:01:33.680 That's what you got, man. I was diagnosed and it's 0:01:33.760 --> 0:01:36.160 uh apparently going to get worse. So who is it? 0:01:36.240 --> 0:01:39.399 Forest Whittaker? Who else? I think Tom York of Radiohead, 0:01:39.480 --> 0:01:43.399 Oh yeah, you're company. And I think Paris Hilton has tosis. 0:01:43.560 --> 0:01:48.920 Oh yes she does, and me the four It's worse 0:01:48.960 --> 0:01:52.840 when I'm sleepy or if I drunk. Yeah, I could 0:01:52.840 --> 0:01:55.800 see that, but I'm never either one of those. So 0:01:55.800 --> 0:01:57.640 so you're always fine. Yeah. I don't know why, stroop. 0:01:57.920 --> 0:02:01.520 Are you drunk right now? That's good? Should not be 0:02:01.600 --> 0:02:05.480 drunk while we do these? Chuck, it's too important, that's right. 0:02:05.960 --> 0:02:08.959 So I've got an actual infro for this, oh man, 0:02:09.080 --> 0:02:10.600 like the old days in my head. It could be 0:02:10.680 --> 0:02:12.720 up to like twenty minutes long. So just sit back 0:02:12.720 --> 0:02:18.920 and around perfect um, So chuck up. Until about nine 0:02:19.760 --> 0:02:25.239 years ago, all humans walked around and gathered food and 0:02:25.400 --> 0:02:28.880 followed herds of animals which they hunted and killed and 0:02:29.000 --> 0:02:33.359 eight and on any given day, you eight what you 0:02:33.480 --> 0:02:35.880 gathered and then you just kind of moved along to 0:02:35.960 --> 0:02:39.559 the next spot. That was typically the way things were done. 0:02:39.880 --> 0:02:44.360 They were called hunter gatherer societies. Then, during what's called 0:02:44.360 --> 0:02:50.919 the Neolithic Revolution, people started selecting plants in their area 0:02:51.080 --> 0:02:54.240 and realizing that they could replant the seeds from those plants, 0:02:54.680 --> 0:02:57.519 and all of a sudden you had agriculture, which is 0:02:57.960 --> 0:03:02.079 made things very stable, very stable, more stable tie people 0:03:02.120 --> 0:03:05.880 to the land. But it also gave rise to something 0:03:05.919 --> 0:03:09.800 that hadn't been around before, which was surplus. Because if 0:03:09.800 --> 0:03:11.920 you're a hunter gatherer and all of your buddies and 0:03:11.960 --> 0:03:14.840 family and friends or hunter gatherers, and you're all just 0:03:15.200 --> 0:03:18.560 hunting and gathering just enough to sustain you for that day, 0:03:18.680 --> 0:03:21.520 then there's no such thing as surplus. That means everybody's 0:03:21.560 --> 0:03:24.760 pretty much equal. Maybe one guy takes mushrooms more than 0:03:24.800 --> 0:03:26.800 the rest of you, so he's your religious leader or 0:03:26.800 --> 0:03:30.080 something like that, but for the most part, everybody's roughly equal. 0:03:30.800 --> 0:03:35.440 Now that there's a surplus, say somebody has a particularly 0:03:35.480 --> 0:03:38.000 good bounty on the year where everybody else in the 0:03:38.080 --> 0:03:41.360 area has a bad bounty. That person is in what's 0:03:41.360 --> 0:03:44.160 called the position of power. Yeah, they have an advantage, Yes, 0:03:44.200 --> 0:03:47.240 they do that happens a few times to the same people. 0:03:47.760 --> 0:03:51.160 And if they are clever enough to consolidate that power 0:03:51.600 --> 0:03:53.320 and have more and more kids in a larger and 0:03:53.400 --> 0:03:57.000 larger kin group, at which they would if they're more powerful, 0:03:57.440 --> 0:04:00.760 you know they're gonna have more kids, then they conform 0:04:00.800 --> 0:04:04.440 what you would recognize today as a dynasty. And then 0:04:04.480 --> 0:04:08.200 over time these people would say, you know what, this 0:04:08.280 --> 0:04:11.720 is my birthright to rule you guys, to be rich. 0:04:13.200 --> 0:04:16.120 I'm going to just say that I'm connected to the Sun, 0:04:16.520 --> 0:04:21.239 which is our god that we worship, So by proxy, 0:04:21.320 --> 0:04:25.080 I'm the Sun, God's ruler here on earth, which means 0:04:25.080 --> 0:04:29.039 I'm in charge of you. And while you're at it, 0:04:29.080 --> 0:04:33.520 give me some of your surplus, and all of a sudden, 0:04:33.560 --> 0:04:38.000 now you have a king a kingdom. And this happened 0:04:38.839 --> 0:04:43.560 roughly all around the world, independently, but following almost the 0:04:43.600 --> 0:04:47.680 exact same course. You've got agriculture, you have surplus. You 0:04:47.720 --> 0:04:52.440 have certain people consolidating power, rising to power, associating themselves 0:04:52.440 --> 0:04:55.839 with gods to um to make their power that much 0:04:55.960 --> 0:05:03.080 more stable and unchallenged, and then you have kingdoms. That's 0:05:03.120 --> 0:05:06.440 what happened. Boom. Over time, these kingdoms did more and 0:05:06.480 --> 0:05:10.159 more crazy stuff, but they all they all followed roughly 0:05:10.240 --> 0:05:11.920 the same thing. Yeah. And if you're out in the 0:05:11.960 --> 0:05:13.800 middle of a desert, you don't have a lot of 0:05:13.839 --> 0:05:18.160 options to go other places, so that helps along the king, Yeah, 0:05:18.160 --> 0:05:19.920 because you don't have any choice. Or if you're in 0:05:19.960 --> 0:05:23.039 Peru there's a big mountain range there, kind of stuck. Yeah, 0:05:23.080 --> 0:05:26.640 because you still need you know, your potatoes, you still 0:05:26.680 --> 0:05:30.880 need your grain. Um. And if you can't move very easily, 0:05:30.920 --> 0:05:33.839 if you're getting resources from being a member of a community, 0:05:33.960 --> 0:05:38.120 then that explains why you, as this normal, independent minded person, 0:05:38.400 --> 0:05:40.839 might go along with some guy saying he's a descendant 0:05:40.880 --> 0:05:42.800 of the Sun God and you have to give him 0:05:42.800 --> 0:05:45.120 half of your grain for no good reason. Yeah. Or 0:05:45.160 --> 0:05:48.440 if you're in the Amazon where it's you're not surrounded 0:05:48.480 --> 0:05:52.080 by desert or mountains and you can say, screw this guy, 0:05:52.200 --> 0:05:54.760 I'm out of here, then you may be a little 0:05:54.760 --> 0:05:57.480 slower to have something like a king, yeah, or maybe 0:05:57.520 --> 0:06:00.520 not at all. And so all this whole mentality, this 0:06:00.560 --> 0:06:04.120 whole process took place independently, like I said, the world 0:06:04.160 --> 0:06:07.880 around and also everybody seemed to have come to the 0:06:07.880 --> 0:06:11.440 same idea that you need to export this stuff. The 0:06:11.520 --> 0:06:15.159 more power or the more land and there therefore the 0:06:15.240 --> 0:06:19.159 more um crops or whatever you can get under your power, 0:06:19.640 --> 0:06:21.360 more powerful you are. And the way to get that 0:06:21.720 --> 0:06:23.520 is to get a bunch of guys who are sick 0:06:23.560 --> 0:06:26.279 of farming and like to mess around with spears, to 0:06:26.360 --> 0:06:29.520 go conquer some other cities and make those people give 0:06:29.600 --> 0:06:33.120 you half of their grain. Then you become even more powerful, 0:06:33.279 --> 0:06:37.240 so you export this kind of um mentality of being 0:06:37.360 --> 0:06:39.919 ruled by a single person who's getting fat off of 0:06:40.000 --> 0:06:45.680 taxing everybody else. And still today we have virtually all 0:06:45.720 --> 0:06:48.720 of these same processes just in a different guys. Yeah, 0:06:48.720 --> 0:06:53.040 and we should give credit to uh, Simon Powers, because 0:06:53.080 --> 0:06:55.640 we didn't just make all that stuff up. No, as 0:06:55.720 --> 0:06:58.680 the Simon Powers, the researcher or the writer, he is 0:06:58.800 --> 0:07:02.840 really uh an author of the study that um kind 0:07:02.839 --> 0:07:05.479 of looked at that theory that we've been talking about 0:07:05.600 --> 0:07:08.320 and made a model that UM, I don't know if 0:07:08.320 --> 0:07:10.800 it proved it, but made it seem pretty likely. Yeah, 0:07:11.040 --> 0:07:15.280 why how despots arose during the Neolithic Revolution. Yeah, so 0:07:15.360 --> 0:07:17.480 way to go, Simon Powers. And if you're interested in 0:07:17.480 --> 0:07:19.880 that kind of thing, also go back and read Dr 0:07:20.000 --> 0:07:22.680 Jared Diamond's The Worst Mistake in the History of the 0:07:22.760 --> 0:07:25.640 human race, which talks a lot about this transition and 0:07:25.680 --> 0:07:30.000 basically argues that we were all better off as hunter gatherers. Yeah, 0:07:30.080 --> 0:07:33.680 Dustin Diamond wrote the same article and it was the 0:07:33.680 --> 0:07:36.240 answer was saved by the Belle the worst mistake in 0:07:36.280 --> 0:07:40.920 the human race. Hey, that's a good show. Um, alright, 0:07:41.120 --> 0:07:47.320 all the wrong way. You're right. So in this article 0:07:47.920 --> 0:07:51.800 how royalty works, like, we're going to kind of default 0:07:51.800 --> 0:07:54.960 to England. Yeah, here and there for the most part, 0:07:55.120 --> 0:07:59.000 I'm sorry, great Britain. Well, we're gonna explain all that 0:07:59.040 --> 0:08:01.680 stuff finally and for all, because that's, you know, that's 0:08:01.680 --> 0:08:04.520 what we were exposed to. That's the kind of the 0:08:04.600 --> 0:08:11.240 Western English speaking standard, the British monarchy. But you can 0:08:11.320 --> 0:08:13.720 kind of substitute in a lot of ways. This this 0:08:14.000 --> 0:08:16.880 um a lot of the way that it developed for 0:08:17.000 --> 0:08:19.840 just about anywhere in the world. Because again, the idea 0:08:19.920 --> 0:08:24.480 of hierarchies, of class, of social stratification and then some 0:08:24.600 --> 0:08:30.400 group of people being at the absolute pinnacle is extraordinarily ancient. Yeah, 0:08:30.400 --> 0:08:33.720 and it all comes down to land and owning land. 0:08:34.360 --> 0:08:38.360 Since people have tried the earth, the most powerful ones 0:08:38.400 --> 0:08:41.160 are the people that owned more of it than their neighbor. Yeah, 0:08:41.200 --> 0:08:43.040 but not scessarily tried the earth. I mean we're talking 0:08:43.080 --> 0:08:46.520 just in the last ten thousand years. And even after that, 0:08:46.559 --> 0:08:51.439 the English didn't create them this idea that you could 0:08:51.480 --> 0:08:56.120 take land and say this is my land. Now you 0:08:56.240 --> 0:08:59.640 used to farm it, but you can still farm it, 0:08:59.800 --> 0:09:02.000 but you owe me because this is my land and 0:09:02.040 --> 0:09:04.760 I'm letting you farm on it. Yeah. And after everybody 0:09:04.840 --> 0:09:07.320 was like, wait what, and you say, oh, I forgot 0:09:07.320 --> 0:09:09.000 to tell you. If you don't do this, I'm gonna 0:09:09.040 --> 0:09:12.080 kill you in your entire family. So do it. And 0:09:12.120 --> 0:09:15.000 they created what's known as the feudal system. Yeah, let's 0:09:15.000 --> 0:09:17.920 get in our our way back machine. Awesome, let's pull 0:09:17.960 --> 0:09:20.080 the cover off this bad boy and let's go back 0:09:20.120 --> 0:09:23.920 to oh like anywhere between the ninth and fifteenth century. 0:09:24.040 --> 0:09:26.800 Let's do it because it doesn't matter. It's all about 0:09:26.840 --> 0:09:34.640 the same. That's not true, but it's similar, uh to 0:09:34.760 --> 0:09:37.720 the feudal systems of medieval Europe. Um. Basically what went 0:09:37.760 --> 0:09:40.520 on was there were very few people that owned a 0:09:40.520 --> 0:09:43.679 lot of the land, um a lot of territory. But 0:09:44.720 --> 0:09:47.319 they basically looked around at one point and says, you 0:09:47.360 --> 0:09:49.480 know what, I have too much stuff to govern on 0:09:49.520 --> 0:09:52.080 my own. So I'm gonna divide it up and I'm 0:09:52.080 --> 0:09:55.760 gonna let other people use it. And I call them vassals. 0:09:56.160 --> 0:09:58.640 And you're my vassel. You're gonna go out and you're 0:09:58.640 --> 0:10:01.640 gonna manage that territory for me, going to collect some taxes, 0:10:01.960 --> 0:10:04.040 you can keep some of that. You can farm and 0:10:04.200 --> 0:10:07.040 keep some of that. Well, they didn't farm, They had 0:10:07.120 --> 0:10:09.640 people farming for them. Well, sure, so it's like a 0:10:09.720 --> 0:10:12.800 hierarchy habit farmed. Like you can imagine all of England 0:10:12.880 --> 0:10:15.320 is being owned by the king and then you divide 0:10:15.360 --> 0:10:18.000 it up, and then those people further divided it up. Yeah, 0:10:18.000 --> 0:10:21.040 because the vassal could divide their's up. And for sub 0:10:21.160 --> 0:10:24.600 sub vessels, I guess serfs, Yeah, I guess so either 0:10:24.600 --> 0:10:28.640 they're called um And you know, you guys, how about 0:10:28.720 --> 0:10:31.640 raising some armies for me? Um, You're all gonna be 0:10:31.640 --> 0:10:34.160 beholden to me, but I'm gonna let you keep a 0:10:34.160 --> 0:10:37.520 lot of the dough, um, as long as you still 0:10:37.559 --> 0:10:39.719 give me something. Yeah. And and prior to this, chuck like, 0:10:40.440 --> 0:10:43.000 this is kind of a sweet deal. And the way 0:10:43.040 --> 0:10:45.800 that you ended up in vassal is you had an 0:10:45.880 --> 0:10:49.880 army that could conceivably challenge this guy who said I'm 0:10:49.880 --> 0:10:53.440 a king of England and everybody and um, everyone said 0:10:53.440 --> 0:10:56.520 where and he's like here this, this is England now, 0:10:56.520 --> 0:10:59.000 and I'm the king. Uh. And so if you had 0:10:59.040 --> 0:11:03.520 an army that he could probably defeat with his army, 0:11:03.840 --> 0:11:07.400 but could still like pose a problem. He turned you 0:11:07.440 --> 0:11:11.280 onto his side, sure, and said, well, wait before you 0:11:11.320 --> 0:11:15.520 say anything, I'm going to give you. Let you handle 0:11:15.600 --> 0:11:18.640 some of this land, like you said, and you can 0:11:18.960 --> 0:11:21.160 get these people who are farming the land to give 0:11:21.200 --> 0:11:23.319 you some of their grain. You give some to me, 0:11:23.679 --> 0:11:25.920 but you keep some yourself. Yeah, you'll be like a 0:11:26.000 --> 0:11:29.160 smaller version of me. Yeah, and we'll will be more 0:11:29.240 --> 0:11:34.760 powerful together exactly. And that's how this hierarchy, at least 0:11:34.800 --> 0:11:38.760 in under the feudal system began, that's right. And these vassals, 0:11:39.080 --> 0:11:42.319 they had rules of succession a lot like inheritance. Um, 0:11:42.360 --> 0:11:46.360 you could pass your your land onto your children and 0:11:46.400 --> 0:11:49.440 then they would be a vassal. Yeah. You also passed 0:11:49.480 --> 0:11:52.880 your obligation to the king onto the children too. It 0:11:52.920 --> 0:11:55.840 wasn't just the sweet life. Oh no, no no, no, they 0:11:55.840 --> 0:11:59.000 could you could never. You are always beholden as long 0:11:59.040 --> 0:12:03.160 as you maintain that land, um, and it was the 0:12:03.200 --> 0:12:06.320 same in other parts of the world. Japan had the 0:12:06.360 --> 0:12:10.120 imperial system that was similar to the European monarchies, and 0:12:10.240 --> 0:12:12.760 Japan's actually their monarchy is the oldest in the world. 0:12:12.840 --> 0:12:15.760 Did you know that? Yes? I did. The Japanese imperial 0:12:15.840 --> 0:12:19.480 family traces their lineage back to the sixth century b 0:12:19.679 --> 0:12:24.120 c e. That's crazy, although they are purely ceremonial at 0:12:24.120 --> 0:12:27.840 this point right well, yeah, but they were the exact 0:12:27.880 --> 0:12:33.160 opposite of just purely ceremonial up until and uh g 0:12:33.360 --> 0:12:36.360 I Joe came in and like said, you guys aren't 0:12:36.600 --> 0:12:40.199 divine deities any longer, which is what everybody considered them 0:12:40.240 --> 0:12:45.440 up until and check out my kunk fu grip. Uh. 0:12:45.480 --> 0:12:48.280 So everything was going along well until about the seventeenth 0:12:48.760 --> 0:12:54.240 century when republicanism began to uh kind of just chip 0:12:54.240 --> 0:12:57.400 away at the royals and the power that they held 0:12:57.440 --> 0:13:03.280 throughout Europe, and democracy starts to form, and sometimes it 0:13:03.320 --> 0:13:07.800 happens gradually and kind of nicely. Sometimes it happens via revolution, 0:13:08.160 --> 0:13:11.920 like in France, and uh sometimes when they would kick 0:13:11.920 --> 0:13:15.600 out the monarchy, they would come back um with a vengeance, 0:13:15.679 --> 0:13:18.319 like after the English Civil War between the Roundheads and 0:13:18.360 --> 0:13:21.720 the cavaliers. Um, we had King Charles executed, his heir, 0:13:22.160 --> 0:13:25.640 Charles two was exiled to France. Parliament gained a lot 0:13:25.640 --> 0:13:27.840 of control, but they would later come back of course. 0:13:28.720 --> 0:13:33.280 Charles the second, well, just the monarchy period, yeah, but 0:13:33.480 --> 0:13:37.400 after that the monarchy just was never the same now, 0:13:37.640 --> 0:13:42.079 although maybe under like Elizabeth, she was pretty powerful. Yeah, 0:13:42.080 --> 0:13:44.920 but I think, um, Parliament had gained a lot of control. Yeah, 0:13:44.920 --> 0:13:47.840 everybody after that point had to deal with Parliament before 0:13:48.800 --> 0:13:52.080 anybody had. Under Charles the first, the same stuff was 0:13:52.080 --> 0:13:53.760 going on in the Middle East. Um, it was a 0:13:53.800 --> 0:13:57.160 little different though because religion was so much more a 0:13:57.200 --> 0:14:01.520 part of uh, their their monarch's um they had was 0:14:01.559 --> 0:14:06.160 it called a caliph? Yeah, was was the head? Uh? 0:14:06.400 --> 0:14:10.480 I guess that would be the king, Yeah, I guess 0:14:10.520 --> 0:14:13.120 so if you had if you compared it to like 0:14:13.120 --> 0:14:17.240 the English model, the caliph would be the head, the 0:14:17.360 --> 0:14:20.520 king of England, and then beneath them would be sultans, 0:14:20.520 --> 0:14:23.840 which would be like vassals, which are powerful kings, but 0:14:23.920 --> 0:14:27.920 they they are not the religious leader. So you got 0:14:27.920 --> 0:14:30.520 the caliph and the sultans. Yeah, and sultans were like 0:14:30.560 --> 0:14:34.800 military commanders but not priests, right, but they were involved. 0:14:34.880 --> 0:14:37.280 Everything was all tied into religion still is of course. Yeah. 0:14:37.320 --> 0:14:40.160 And then if you look at the Middle East model UM, 0:14:41.560 --> 0:14:44.520 you know, very early on, like like look at Egypt, 0:14:44.640 --> 0:14:49.360 all of the Egyptian UM rulers were considered deities up 0:14:49.440 --> 0:14:54.800 until America said no, no, no. The Imperial King, the 0:14:54.880 --> 0:14:58.240 Emperor of Japan was considered a deity of the Shinto 0:14:58.320 --> 0:15:03.480 religion like a god um In in the Middle East, 0:15:03.520 --> 0:15:08.360 the caliph is a religious figure. In uh, the Holy 0:15:08.440 --> 0:15:13.600 Roman Empire, the king's ruled along with the pope. So 0:15:13.600 --> 0:15:18.280 there's always been this real um marriage, either in the 0:15:18.280 --> 0:15:20.920 form of one person or in the form of like 0:15:20.960 --> 0:15:24.080 some sort of allegiance between the holy ruler and the 0:15:24.120 --> 0:15:29.600 political ruler, because they the religious aspect of it gives 0:15:29.800 --> 0:15:36.720 um credibility to the rule of the the political ruler, 0:15:37.280 --> 0:15:39.280 and like like even in England they went so far 0:15:39.320 --> 0:15:41.120 as to come up with the Divine Right of Kings, 0:15:41.120 --> 0:15:46.440 which said, the king is God's emissary here on planet Earth, 0:15:46.840 --> 0:15:49.840 and the king is therefore infallible. Nobody can get rid 0:15:49.880 --> 0:15:54.040 of the king. But exactly, but I mean it ended 0:15:54.120 --> 0:15:57.360 up been going on for millennia since before then. But 0:15:57.440 --> 0:16:00.400 that was like they just put it down into text like, yeah, 0:16:00.480 --> 0:16:03.320 that's that's the way it is. Unfortunately for the king, 0:16:03.400 --> 0:16:05.600 that meant that the only way to get be gotten 0:16:05.680 --> 0:16:09.680 rid of was to be murdered. Yeah, but they figured 0:16:10.680 --> 0:16:12.800 it will be a pretty wild ride until then. Yeah, 0:16:12.840 --> 0:16:14.480 I mean that's one of the risks when you're the king. 0:16:15.800 --> 0:16:17.840 Uh So now you have you have royalty, you have 0:16:17.880 --> 0:16:22.760 this class system. Royalty is actually transcends class because uh, 0:16:22.760 --> 0:16:26.960 it's it's the bloodline like a noble. That's the differencetween 0:16:27.000 --> 0:16:31.200 nobility and royalty is nobility. The nobles didn't have the 0:16:31.200 --> 0:16:34.360 bloodline going. Yeah, it depends on the country that you're in. 0:16:34.400 --> 0:16:39.320 So like in some countries, there are more than one 0:16:39.600 --> 0:16:43.720 royal family, right, yeah, different houses, but just one of 0:16:43.720 --> 0:16:46.840 them holds the throne at a time. Yeah, just one 0:16:46.880 --> 0:16:50.400 of them has uh the ability to be the heir 0:16:50.480 --> 0:16:56.120 to the throne um. So in other countries, it's like 0:16:56.200 --> 0:16:59.360 there's one group of royals and they're the only royals, 0:16:59.360 --> 0:17:02.440 and everybody, no matter how powerful, no matter their noble title, 0:17:02.800 --> 0:17:07.800 they're still technically commoners exactly. They're they're almost always wealthy, 0:17:07.880 --> 0:17:11.000 even though technically wealth doesn't have anything to do with 0:17:11.000 --> 0:17:13.520 it because it's about your bloodline. But if you're if 0:17:13.560 --> 0:17:16.320 you're in the monarchy, you're going to be wealthy. And 0:17:16.320 --> 0:17:19.040 in some cases also they're considered an actual part of 0:17:19.080 --> 0:17:24.000 their country. Yeah, they're that much ingrained into the national fabric. 0:17:25.640 --> 0:17:29.280 So we said that, Um, in some countries there can 0:17:29.320 --> 0:17:33.360 be more than one royal family and um, this kind 0:17:33.400 --> 0:17:35.960 of comes into play when there's not a clear line 0:17:36.000 --> 0:17:38.880 of succession. Yeah, things can get a little messy when 0:17:38.880 --> 0:17:42.480 the king dies. So like if you have, um, what's 0:17:42.480 --> 0:17:47.080 called an agnatic succession, that that means that the oldest 0:17:47.119 --> 0:17:50.880 male heir inherits the throne. Yeah, and actually agnatic, uh, 0:17:51.000 --> 0:17:55.800 it means your brother takes over and not your son. Okay, 0:17:55.960 --> 0:17:59.119 So it's patrilineal. It's it's on the father's side, but 0:17:59.200 --> 0:18:02.280 instead of giving the throne to your child, like your 0:18:02.280 --> 0:18:05.040 firstborn son, it goes to your your little bro okay, 0:18:05.160 --> 0:18:09.400 your oldest little pro Okay, got youa um. And then 0:18:09.560 --> 0:18:14.920 in in other lines, it can be the oldest heir, right, 0:18:15.040 --> 0:18:18.200 that's right, whether it's male or female, like how Queen 0:18:18.200 --> 0:18:20.840 Elizabeth is the queen Now, yeah, you can be a 0:18:20.880 --> 0:18:24.800 female heir Britain of course, so all of these people 0:18:24.800 --> 0:18:27.680 are all related. They're part of the royal family. They're 0:18:27.720 --> 0:18:31.399 either a sibling, a child, a grandchild, even a cousin. 0:18:31.960 --> 0:18:34.720 But there's still a member of that family, which is 0:18:34.760 --> 0:18:37.920 also known as the house. In a country where there's 0:18:37.960 --> 0:18:42.080 more than one royal house and there's a dispute or 0:18:42.119 --> 0:18:47.040 a problem with the succession the normal succession rights, then 0:18:47.119 --> 0:18:49.520 you can have a challenge to the throne by another 0:18:49.680 --> 0:18:52.879 royal house. Yeah, or it's just simply elected by a 0:18:52.920 --> 0:18:55.960 committee of nobles. Maybe who that next king is going 0:18:56.040 --> 0:18:58.840 to be? Yeah, Or if there's not a very clear line, 0:18:59.560 --> 0:19:02.119 they can say, you know what, it's it's no man's 0:19:02.200 --> 0:19:06.200 land here, and whoever ends up with the crown may 0:19:06.200 --> 0:19:08.120 not even be a part of the bloodline. Maybe they 0:19:08.160 --> 0:19:11.439 just had the best military or the most money, right, 0:19:11.480 --> 0:19:16.120 And that's I mean, that's how original houses were set up. Yeah, 0:19:16.320 --> 0:19:19.400 I mean the only difference between that situation happening now 0:19:19.840 --> 0:19:22.719 and someone else's house, like taking control of the throne, 0:19:23.119 --> 0:19:27.160 is they just descended to royalty, you know, millennia ago, 0:19:27.640 --> 0:19:48.120 rather than right now. Yeah, all right. Titles, it's all 0:19:48.160 --> 0:19:51.680 about the title. The very top of the chessboard. You're 0:19:51.680 --> 0:19:55.040 gonna have your king and queen or an emperor empress, 0:19:55.119 --> 0:19:56.760 depending on if that's the kind of game you play 0:19:56.800 --> 0:20:00.359 in your country or your empire. Uh, then the elatives 0:20:00.400 --> 0:20:04.080 are the king and queen. Um. It really depends on 0:20:04.119 --> 0:20:05.760 the country in the monarchy. A lot of times their 0:20:05.800 --> 0:20:09.760 princes and princesses can be your children, your grandchildren, could 0:20:09.760 --> 0:20:13.399 be your brothers, could be your cousins. Um. It just 0:20:13.520 --> 0:20:17.119 kind of varies depending on what country you're in. And 0:20:17.160 --> 0:20:23.240 those titles are called peerages, and there's hereditary peerages, and 0:20:23.280 --> 0:20:27.280 then there's life peerages. That's right, and um. The peerages, 0:20:27.440 --> 0:20:32.199 as at least in uh in European royalty, go in 0:20:32.600 --> 0:20:37.440 from an order of importance and from the lowest number 0:20:37.480 --> 0:20:44.639 to the most number duke, marquess or marquis, earl, viscount 0:20:44.760 --> 0:20:47.639 and baron. So the barons are at least powerful, but 0:20:47.680 --> 0:20:49.679 there's the most of them, is it viscount. I've been 0:20:49.720 --> 0:20:53.000 saying viscount my whole life. Viscount. It's all right, man, 0:20:53.440 --> 0:20:57.280 everybody says viscount. Um. And then the dukes are the 0:20:57.280 --> 0:21:00.520 most powerful, but there's the fewest of them. And so 0:21:00.560 --> 0:21:04.840 if you have an hereditary peerage, you inherited that at 0:21:04.840 --> 0:21:07.080 some point in time, some king or queen said, you 0:21:07.119 --> 0:21:10.439 are now the Duke of blah blah bah, and you're noble, 0:21:10.560 --> 0:21:14.119 but you are not royal, right exactly, so um, the 0:21:14.280 --> 0:21:18.240 although you can be royal like I believe Prince Charles 0:21:18.280 --> 0:21:21.440 is the Duke of Windsor, you know, yeah that man, 0:21:21.480 --> 0:21:24.120 it gets confusing. It definitely does get confusing. It gets 0:21:24.160 --> 0:21:28.840 even more confusing because when Prince Charles becomes King Charles, 0:21:28.880 --> 0:21:32.760 the Duke of Windsor will vanish. That title will vanish 0:21:32.840 --> 0:21:35.960 because he became king, which he'd much rather be king 0:21:36.000 --> 0:21:37.920 than Duke of Windsor, you know what I mean. Yeah, 0:21:37.920 --> 0:21:41.359 And that's called being absorbed into the crown by the crown. 0:21:41.480 --> 0:21:44.359 The title can also just be left, like if there's 0:21:44.400 --> 0:21:46.879 no air. You can also take it and give it 0:21:46.920 --> 0:21:50.240 to another family, although I think that that probably is 0:21:50.280 --> 0:21:54.199 subject to being approved by the queen or the king. Um. 0:21:54.240 --> 0:21:57.600 And then there's a whole other cattle of fish called 0:21:57.680 --> 0:22:02.520 life peerages, which basically says you are now a baron 0:22:03.200 --> 0:22:07.399 or baroness while you're alive, right, And and then your 0:22:07.480 --> 0:22:10.120 kids will still receive some sort of honor. They won't 0:22:10.160 --> 0:22:13.679 receive the title, but they can call themselves the honorable, 0:22:13.840 --> 0:22:17.600 which suggests that their parents had a life peerage, but 0:22:17.720 --> 0:22:21.240 that that it wasn't a hereditary title, so the kids 0:22:21.280 --> 0:22:24.520 don't inherit it. Yeah. And to add further confusion, a 0:22:24.640 --> 0:22:28.480 prince isn't always the male child of the king. Sometimes 0:22:28.560 --> 0:22:32.159 that is the king, um, sometimes it's just a noble. 0:22:32.280 --> 0:22:37.400 When Britain ruled India, they made a very clear distinction that, um, 0:22:37.480 --> 0:22:41.119 your rulers and your provinces in India, um are going 0:22:41.160 --> 0:22:45.480 to be called princes, just so it's clear you're not 0:22:45.520 --> 0:22:47.879 going to call yourself a king, which is bs because 0:22:48.119 --> 0:22:52.200 India already had its own monarchy system, um, but now 0:22:52.280 --> 0:22:56.399 they were all downgraded by the British. Yeah. Um. We 0:22:56.400 --> 0:22:59.399 should also say that if you receive a peerage of 0:22:59.440 --> 0:23:02.399 any sort it you are automatically a member of the 0:23:02.440 --> 0:23:07.080 House of Lords, which is the upper chamber of British Parliament. Um. 0:23:08.000 --> 0:23:12.800 And so it's part of them the duty of the 0:23:12.880 --> 0:23:17.119 Queen to appoint these things, to appoint these peerages, but 0:23:17.520 --> 0:23:20.879 in these modern times she wants to kind of appoint 0:23:20.920 --> 0:23:24.040 them along party lines to make sure they're an appropriate 0:23:24.080 --> 0:23:26.879 representation of everybody in the House of Lords. Yeah. And 0:23:26.880 --> 0:23:30.160 you also get season tickets to uh men you games? 0:23:30.960 --> 0:23:34.560 Do you know? I don't think so, I'll bet you do. Uh. 0:23:34.840 --> 0:23:36.480 All right, So I guess we can move on to 0:23:36.720 --> 0:23:40.800 the functions of these royals, because it really has varied 0:23:40.800 --> 0:23:43.600 throughout the years and depending on which country, whether or 0:23:43.600 --> 0:23:51.320 not your ceremonial figurehead or you're actually have real duties. Um, 0:23:51.359 --> 0:23:55.240 and I guess it's well, let's just start with England. Okay, 0:23:56.119 --> 0:23:59.920 So with England? Do you want to read her her 0:24:00.040 --> 0:24:03.280 Majesty's full title? Should we get into this now? I 0:24:03.320 --> 0:24:06.479 think we should, all right, because boy, we have botched 0:24:06.480 --> 0:24:09.560 this over the years with saying Britain and England and 0:24:09.600 --> 0:24:12.320 Great Britain and the UK. We're gonna set the record 0:24:12.359 --> 0:24:19.560 straight here today because technically calling q E two, we 0:24:19.600 --> 0:24:21.439 know her, we love her, calling her the Queen of 0:24:21.440 --> 0:24:24.879 England is not correct now and it's pretty disrespectful to 0:24:24.960 --> 0:24:28.560 some people. It is. And we're gonna explain this right now, 0:24:28.800 --> 0:24:32.520 follow along with our little history lesson and a man, 0:24:32.560 --> 0:24:34.159 I hope we get this right. Where did you find this? 0:24:34.280 --> 0:24:36.600