Speaker 1: On the morning of nine eleven, there were more than
Speaker 1: four thousand aircraft in our nation's airspace, with hundreds more
Speaker 1: inbound from other countries. After initial hijack attacks, the Federal
Speaker 1: Aviation Administration's National Operations Manager in Virginia began to systematically
Speaker 1: close the country's airspace, beginning with a Tier one ground stop,
Speaker 1: which covered New York, Boston, Cleveland, and Washington, d C.
Speaker 1: In the airplanes. Now, we're not letting anyone go right now.
Speaker 1: Can't a good move. Uh, we're waiting to any When
Speaker 1: I brought up on everything, Uh, there's the second planet
Speaker 1: that hit the world paid center stop all the parts
Speaker 1: that were a m Eastern time. All commercial aircraft were grounded,
Speaker 1: and those flights already airborne were ordered to land. Military
Speaker 1: jets were given permission to shoot down any aircraft whose
Speaker 1: pilot did not acknowledge contact. It was the first time
Speaker 1: in history a complete airspace closure had been ordered. I
Speaker 1: foresee that we probably need to do. We need to
Speaker 1: talk to f a A A. We need to tell them
Speaker 1: if this stuff is gonna keep on going, we need
Speaker 1: to take those fighters. Put him over Manhattan. Okay, that's
Speaker 1: the best thing, that's best play, right, here, so corner
Speaker 1: with the f A. Tell him. If there's more out
Speaker 1: there but which we don't know, tell Boxy Scramble, Langley
Speaker 1: sent him in the same location. Battles battle stations are
Speaker 1: Scramble battle stations only. Langley. Okay, this is who's up there. Langley. Okay,
Speaker 1: you're listening. Well. I told the FD so far we
Speaker 1: need to get those fighters lang because we don't know
Speaker 1: how many guys are out of black couldstity too, could
Speaker 1: be more. This is nine eleven, two decades later. I'm
Speaker 1: Steve Gregory in Los Angeles. On the morning of nine eleven,
Speaker 1: air traffic controller part Avery was headed into work. It's
Speaker 1: in Palmville, California. UM. It's about a ten minute drive
Speaker 1: from my house that particular morning. UM. For whatever reason,
Speaker 1: I didn't listen to the news in the morning. I
Speaker 1: didn't listen to the radio on the on the way in. UM.
Speaker 1: So the first thing I noticed that was a little
Speaker 1: unusual was the security guard who I had known for
Speaker 1: fifteen years, made me stop my car and actually look
Speaker 1: at my ID badge, which normally she she would have
Speaker 1: just waved me in. I didn't think a whole lot
Speaker 1: of it until I walked in the building, and uh,
Speaker 1: I just saw the shock of people running around screaming.
Speaker 1: The only thing I could think of was that it
Speaker 1: must have we must have had a horrific accident somewhere
Speaker 1: in our space. When did you know the scope of
Speaker 1: what was going on? So I walked up to my
Speaker 1: friend Dave and asked him what was going on, and
Speaker 1: he just gave me this crazy look, like you don't
Speaker 1: know what happened? And I said, well, no, I just
Speaker 1: got in here a few minutes ago. This was just
Speaker 1: before six o'clock, so the first plane had already hit
Speaker 1: at that point. We just started speculating it had to
Speaker 1: have been a small aircraft. There's no way an airliner
Speaker 1: would have crashed into the World Trade Center. There's you know,
Speaker 1: a pilot is not going to do that, and hijacker
Speaker 1: is not going to do that. So we just assumed
Speaker 1: that it was one plane. But apparently back East, what
Speaker 1: I've gathered over the last twenty four hours kind of
Speaker 1: re listening to some of the tapes was that they
Speaker 1: did know that American eleven was hijacked, and they did
Speaker 1: know that American eleven was the aircraft that hit the
Speaker 1: World Trade Center, but nobody else knew it out on
Speaker 1: the West coast for sure. So once you were made
Speaker 1: aware of the sort of the gravity of the situation,
Speaker 1: what were next steps. Well, shortly after six is when
Speaker 1: the second plane hit. And then once we saw that
Speaker 1: or heard about that, we knew that it was a
Speaker 1: terrorist attack. It just was too much of a coincidence
Speaker 1: that two airplanes would do that, and uh, we started
Speaker 1: to um on our own talk about stop ground stopping
Speaker 1: all the aircraft in l A Center's airspace, and the
Speaker 1: big airports would be l A X of course, Las Vegas,
Speaker 1: San Diego, Burbank, and Ontario. Within about thirty minutes, we
Speaker 1: got a call from the what's called the command center
Speaker 1: back in Herndon, Virginia, and they basically said, every airplane
Speaker 1: has to land, every airplane is going to stop. And
Speaker 1: that's when I would say all hell broke loose because
Speaker 1: it was just something we had never anticipated. It was craziness,
Speaker 1: and the pilots were a lot of them did not
Speaker 1: know what was going on, and there were some very
Speaker 1: interesting conversations with these pilots, like, for example, an airplane
Speaker 1: that had taken off from l a X twenty minutes
Speaker 1: prior to this shut down. Probably halfway to Las Vegas
Speaker 1: was now being let's say, going to London was now
Speaker 1: being told to land in Las Vegas, and the pilots
Speaker 1: that didn't know what was going on were arguing basically
Speaker 1: like why why am I landing in Las Vegas. But
Speaker 1: then probably five or ten minutes, everybody got the word
Speaker 1: through their their company that can communicate to the flight deck,
Speaker 1: and uh, everybody was cooperative. Everybody was just going along
Speaker 1: with the plan. What kind of complicates things that a
Speaker 1: lot of people don't realize is that if you're on
Speaker 1: a flight of more than four or five hours, you've
Speaker 1: got a dump fuel before you can just go land
Speaker 1: and aircraft, so we had hundreds of aircraft that had
Speaker 1: to dump fuel and u The coordination on that was
Speaker 1: very complex because we had to vector airplanes away from
Speaker 1: populated areas to make that happen. How many planes are
Speaker 1: we talking about, bart So there were four thousand aircraft
Speaker 1: roughly in the United States, and yeah, we had we
Speaker 1: had a lot of aircraft that were either that had
Speaker 1: just taken off or that we're coming from let's say,
Speaker 1: across the Pacific Ocean from Europe up through Mexico, what
Speaker 1: we had to do with all the airplanes in the
Speaker 1: air that were coming towards US is not allow any
Speaker 1: aircraft coming from Canada or from Mexico. We we just
Speaker 1: stopped all those aircraft from coming into US airspace. The
Speaker 1: only airport planes that we couldn't divert were the ones
Speaker 1: coming from say, Hawaii, because there's no place for them
Speaker 1: to land other than you know, the West coast somewhere.
Speaker 1: Although some of those airplanes I know were diverted up
Speaker 1: into Alaska, which we thought at the time made more
Speaker 1: sense than trying to not knowing you know, which airplane
Speaker 1: could have a terrorist and which one doesn't. But within
Speaker 1: an hour, um, we have a we have a in
Speaker 1: traffic manage when we have a huge television screen that
Speaker 1: shows every airplane in the United States, and like I said,
Speaker 1: I believe they are about four thousand, within an hour
Speaker 1: or so, almost every single one of those planes had
Speaker 1: just disappeared. It was they were all on the ground.
Speaker 1: Just shocking to see that the only airplanes that were
Speaker 1: left was air Force one, and all over the country
Speaker 1: there were f sixteens that were orbiting around the big
Speaker 1: major cities. The other thing that was very spooky was.
Speaker 1: We have these things called ghost targets, and a ghost
Speaker 1: target is when an aircraft loses its transponder, the computer
Speaker 1: projects based on its you know, it's route, that it has,
Speaker 1: its aut tune, and it's and its last known ground
Speaker 1: speed and and it and it keeps this data block
Speaker 1: kind of floating. And so I believe it was the
Speaker 1: aircraft that hit the Pentagon. They I don't think they
Speaker 1: realized for a while that that aircraft had been lost.
Speaker 1: And so here in the out in the Midwest, we
Speaker 1: see this ghost target just ominously coming towards the West coast,
Speaker 1: and uh that that gave us a big chill for
Speaker 1: quite a while, until later on they figured out that
Speaker 1: that was just a ghost target. Obviously we know now
Speaker 1: twin towers were hit, Pentagon was hit, and then the
Speaker 1: plane that went down in Pennsylvania. It had its target.
Speaker 1: I've always known here on the West coast that Los
Speaker 1: Angeles is always a very vulnerable target. That had to
Speaker 1: be going through your mind too, because you had l A,
Speaker 1: You've got San Francisco along the western seaboard, You've got
Speaker 1: a lot of potential there. Absolutely. The other thing too,
Speaker 1: is that twenty years later we looked back. We know
Speaker 1: all the facts pretty much of what happened, but you know,
Speaker 1: within thirty minutes to an hour after that that those
Speaker 1: first planes hit, nobody knew what was going on. For
Speaker 1: all we knew there was a hundred planes that had
Speaker 1: terrorists on them and and they may have been coming
Speaker 1: from you know, Japan, coming into l A. And we
Speaker 1: had to take those airplanes. And it was scary until
Speaker 1: every airplane was on the ground and we had resolved
Speaker 1: that ghost target issue, it was it was very scary
Speaker 1: to look at that. You were talking about all of
Speaker 1: the planes that had to dump fuel and you had to,
Speaker 1: as you say, vector them away from populated areas. How
Speaker 1: does one go about dumping that much fuel from the sky?
Speaker 1: Where do they dump it at? They actually dump it
Speaker 1: over land. My understanding is that if you're up high enough,
Speaker 1: it just dissipates before it actually hits the ground. But
Speaker 1: some of those aircraft were down, you know, relatively low,
Speaker 1: and so we had to take them out kind of
Speaker 1: out in the middle, maybe out in the middle of
Speaker 1: nowhere so speak, and throughout just away from populated areas. Obviously,
Speaker 1: that's not a good thing to have fuel dumping down
Speaker 1: on over downtown l A, etcetera. Sure, so they knew
Speaker 1: they were having to dump it for the purpose of landing.
Speaker 1: So it would have been a very last minute thing,
Speaker 1: you know, in their part too. But it's also a
Speaker 1: very standard thing. When when an airplane declares an emergency,
Speaker 1: which happens all the time, you know, they lose an
Speaker 1: engine or whatnot. The first thing that pilot tells the
Speaker 1: air traffic controllers says, hey, we have to dump fuel
Speaker 1: right now. And you know, if they're out over the ocean,
Speaker 1: that's just taking off from l A X, No big deal.
Speaker 1: I just dumped out over the ocean. And it doesn't
Speaker 1: take that long, maybe fifteen or twenty minutes too, and
Speaker 1: they know how much fuel the dump where they're okay
Speaker 1: to land the aircraft. The reason they do it is
Speaker 1: because of the weight of the aircraft. They can't safely
Speaker 1: land an aircraft that's got you know, half a million
Speaker 1: pounds of fuel on board or I'm not sure how much.
Speaker 1: That's probably an exaggeration, but a lot of weight is
Speaker 1: in that fuel. How many airports were in your jurisdiction,
Speaker 1: Las Vegas, all the all the so Cal airports um
Speaker 1: Bakersfield to the to the kind of the Northwest. I
Speaker 1: mean that includes like the major airports in the smaller
Speaker 1: the municipal reports as well CORECT. Every every airport was
Speaker 1: how many runways do you think you were overseeing over
Speaker 1: a hundred? And then did you have situations where you
Speaker 1: had like some fifty sevens and other large commercial carriers
Speaker 1: having to land in on runways they were not accustomed
Speaker 1: to know. We are well aware of which airports can
Speaker 1: you know, because we are trained in emergency procedures where
Speaker 1: an aircraft is in distress and has to land at
Speaker 1: the new orst airport and we're obviously not gonna let
Speaker 1: at seven try to land at Whiteman Airport. I think
Speaker 1: Las Vegas actually bore most of the brunt because a
Speaker 1: lot of our traffic flow goes up towards Las Vegas area.
Speaker 1: Any flight that's going to Europe to the most of
Speaker 1: the East Coast airports are going to go right over
Speaker 1: Las Vegas. And looking back on it, the guys and
Speaker 1: gals on the ground in Las Vegas must have just
Speaker 1: had a nightmare on their hands because not only could
Speaker 1: no airplanes depart Las Vegas, all these airplanes were landing
Speaker 1: in Las Vegas, and God knows where they were parking
Speaker 1: all those airplanes, but we my guess is we put
Speaker 1: fifty a hundred airplanes down in Las Vegas and you
Speaker 1: did all that in an hour. In an hour, so
Speaker 1: then what we, like probably every American, were in just shock.
Speaker 1: We were just speechless. We I remember looking at my
Speaker 1: radar scope and thinking, I am never seen a blank
Speaker 1: radar scope in my life. I mean, I'm talking about
Speaker 1: hundreds of thousands square miles that control just a fighter
Speaker 1: jet or two and just no airplanes. And I think
Speaker 1: we just tried to talk it out and make try
Speaker 1: to make sense of it. At that point, probably every
Speaker 1: controller in our facility, and there's about on shift that morning,
Speaker 1: they were well over a hundred controllers and we were
Speaker 1: popping in and out of the TV room just try
Speaker 1: to try to pick up snippets of what was going on,
Speaker 1: and um, you just couldn't make sense of it. It
Speaker 1: was just something that just did not compute in our minds.
Speaker 1: As is there traffic controllers, You're never trained for something
Speaker 1: like that. It's just it's absolute craziness what we saw
Speaker 1: that morning. Interesting though, you are trained to handle the
Speaker 1: worst case scenarios though, because you're dealing with people's lives
Speaker 1: all the time, but on something on this kind of scale,
Speaker 1: I'm sure it's like many others in the role, get
Speaker 1: the job done first, process it later, correct. It's it's
Speaker 1: something that's ingrained in us. You know, we're you know,
Speaker 1: we all act like we're macho, and you know, we
Speaker 1: we we see people unfortunately dying aircraft accidents. UM. For example,
Speaker 1: about a year and a half before nine eleven, I
Speaker 1: was working the day that Alaska to sixty one crash
Speaker 1: in the Pacific Ocean. I wasn't controlling the plane, but
Speaker 1: I was at a scope nearby, and I was watching
Speaker 1: the data black and I watched how fast that aircraft
Speaker 1: is senator at the end, and I just I was
Speaker 1: shaking when I got off the sector. You know. But
Speaker 1: but you're cool and you're calm if you listen to
Speaker 1: the controllers voices that we're dealing with nine eleven. UM,
Speaker 1: so proud of those folks, you know, just the way
Speaker 1: they did their job. But I guarantee they were shaking
Speaker 1: and probably sobbing, you know, within an hour of what
Speaker 1: and and a lot of us were just trying to
Speaker 1: deal with it. And you know, there's no grief counselors
Speaker 1: to come around, and you're just you're just on your
Speaker 1: own looking back on it. Um, boy, it was just
Speaker 1: terrific what we saw. How do you balance with what
Speaker 1: you were looking at on the scope, what you were
Speaker 1: seeing on the television, and kind of what you were
Speaker 1: discussing amongst yourselves. Well, air traffic controllers always want to
Speaker 1: try to know everything that's going on, and so we
Speaker 1: were just you know, digging out pieces of information we
Speaker 1: could find on on the news or hearing, hearing what
Speaker 1: other controllers, you know, theories were, and um, I don't know,
Speaker 1: I don't I don't even know how to answer that question.
Speaker 1: It was just it was tough. It's hard for me
Speaker 1: to even talk about this. It's just all coming back
Speaker 1: into just a horrible situation. Well even twenty years later,
Speaker 1: but you're doing it was a very visual job and
Speaker 1: a very visceral job. So even twenty years later, does
Speaker 1: it feel like it was yesterday? It does? It does,
Speaker 1: especially you know, going back and listening to some of
Speaker 1: the tapes, it just brought back bad memories and it
Speaker 1: seemed like it was not twenty years ago. It seemed
Speaker 1: like it was very recent. So you were talking about
Speaker 1: when the scopes were clear, you said other than military
Speaker 1: you were listening. Did you get to hear the orders
Speaker 1: coming from your headquarters about the permission to shoot down
Speaker 1: martial aircraft? They didn't acknowledge. No, I don't recall ever
Speaker 1: hearing that, And I think it's because we were scrambling
Speaker 1: so hard to get all these aircraft on the ground
Speaker 1: and in our particular airspace l A Center, we had
Speaker 1: no aircraft in the air, so there was that was
Speaker 1: kind of a mood point for as far as we're concerned.
Speaker 1: I know that, I know that happened, but and they
Speaker 1: never got down to our level. That must have been
Speaker 1: pretty disturbing to see the only dots on your scope
Speaker 1: were military. Do you remember about how many um? I
Speaker 1: remember that they were all F sixteen's um. They were
Speaker 1: all scrambled from some of the so cal military bases,
Speaker 1: and at any given time they were they were always
Speaker 1: in the air. They were in the aven probably four
Speaker 1: or five in the Southern California area. That's got to
Speaker 1: be pretty spooky, very spooky. It's I mean, it felt
Speaker 1: like the end of the world. To be honest with you,
Speaker 1: we didn't know. I didn't know if I was gonna
Speaker 1: have a job. I didn't know. It just seemed like
Speaker 1: the world was coming to an end. It was that horrific.
Speaker 1: Were there any specific challenges on getting a plane to
Speaker 1: the ground where there was just not enough room or
Speaker 1: a pilot didn't know what they were doing, or yes, um,
Speaker 1: all the planes got to the ground safely. Um. Some
Speaker 1: of the foreign air carriers, for example, English is not
Speaker 1: their first language, and even in a normal situation sometimes
Speaker 1: there's a communication problem there. So those would have been
Speaker 1: the flights that probably would have been the most difficult
Speaker 1: to handle. I can't think of any specific things that
Speaker 1: I saw, but it just seemed like once everybody was
Speaker 1: on board with what was going on, it was handled
Speaker 1: very well, and there weren't really any difficult situations that
Speaker 1: I'm aware of. That there had to be a lot
Speaker 1: of disbelief, And then I remember hearing some chatter saying
Speaker 1: is this a drill? And then or is this real? Right?
Speaker 1: That that did happen too, and getting pilots to sign
Speaker 1: on that's true, that's I didn't thought of that, but
Speaker 1: I'm sure some of those pilots were wondering if somebody
Speaker 1: came into our place and stole the mics. But I
Speaker 1: think pilots know when they're talking to an a real
Speaker 1: air traffic controller. Um, there's just a way we speak,
Speaker 1: a way we communicate, And I think they would have
Speaker 1: been suspicious if if something weird like that had happened.
Speaker 1: So I I really don't think for very long they
Speaker 1: believe that this was any sort of a hoax or drill.
Speaker 1: You don't. You don't tell a guy going to London
Speaker 1: that you're going to land in Las Vegas right now,
Speaker 1: because just trust me, you have to land in Las Vegas.
Speaker 1: You're just gonna do it. And the other thing, too,
Speaker 1: is pilots are just trained to listen to us. I mean,
Speaker 1: it's it's it's a little bit of an ego trip
Speaker 1: being in air traffic control because you're telling these guys
Speaker 1: what exactly what to do. So now the planes are
Speaker 1: on the ground, you're kind of making sense of all
Speaker 1: of this, what happens next? I mean, how long was
Speaker 1: it like this so that that whole first day we
Speaker 1: were just all in the days we're sitting there. I
Speaker 1: don't know why we were sitting at our sectors, but
Speaker 1: I just remember to describe what a sector is. Sure,
Speaker 1: a sector is um a specific speed piece of airspace
Speaker 1: that a particular controller controls. And at ELI Center, I
Speaker 1: believe there were about your air cubicle. It's like an
Speaker 1: air cubicle and it's literally like this geographic area. And
Speaker 1: once once that airplane crosses this line, he's now in
Speaker 1: the next sector, and we do what's called shipping the aircraft.
Speaker 1: We change the frequency and tell him, Okay, now you're
Speaker 1: gonna talk to Sector three over here. I'm Sector four,
Speaker 1: see you later. So just silence, staring at scopes, wondering
Speaker 1: what's what's what's going to happen next. The next day
Speaker 1: when we all came in for some odd reason, they
Speaker 1: didn't really cut the staffing down. They just everybody just
Speaker 1: came back into work the next day and once again
Speaker 1: we just sat in front of blank raid our scopes
Speaker 1: and um So. One of the things that happened to
Speaker 1: me that really to this day twenty years later, um
Speaker 1: um just really affected me bad. Um So. I was
Speaker 1: in traffic management. I think it was day three and
Speaker 1: the ground stop was still in effect. It's just the
Speaker 1: f sixteens in the year, and I get a call
Speaker 1: from a pilot on the ground in Lake Havasu and
Speaker 1: he's a lifeguard flight and UM. He told me that, UM,
Speaker 1: look he's got a very sick passenger on board. He
Speaker 1: needs to get this passenger to Las Vegas immediately, and um,
Speaker 1: lifeguard flights are top priority. The only one above him
Speaker 1: really is an emergency or air force one. It's it's
Speaker 1: just like an ambulance going down the street and everybody
Speaker 1: moves out of the way. So this guy probably could
Speaker 1: have been in Las Vegas within twenty minutes. I believe
Speaker 1: it was a lear jet. And UM, I told him.
Speaker 1: I said, look, I'm gonna call Virginia and ask, but
Speaker 1: I'm almost positive that the answers for you. Unfortunately it's
Speaker 1: gonna be no, but I'll call you back. So I
Speaker 1: called Virginia. UM, and the guy said, you know, I
Speaker 1: don't think so, but let me let me see what
Speaker 1: we're doing with these lifeguard flights. And I waited. I
Speaker 1: called the guy back and have us to the pilot.
Speaker 1: I told him, like, I'm still waiting. I'm so sorry,
Speaker 1: UM hanging hanging there for me. And about a half
Speaker 1: hour went by, and I remember, this guy calls me back,
Speaker 1: and it's chilling what he said to me. He just says, um, hey,
Speaker 1: um art just disregard that we lost our passenger, and
Speaker 1: looking back on it, there's nothing we could have done. UM. Also,
Speaker 1: at any given time in l A Center air space,
Speaker 1: for example, there's probably one or two lifeguard flights an
Speaker 1: hour there there, you know, going from place to place,
Speaker 1: most in most cases, I believe, taking critically injured people
Speaker 1: to hospitals. And so for those few days that the
Speaker 1: airspace was shut down, god knows how many people probably
Speaker 1: lost their lives. It's just another casualty of nine eleven.
Speaker 1: I didn't even think about that, so that the ground
Speaker 1: stop impacted medical transport. Absolutely nobody was in the air
Speaker 1: except for those six When did it finally start to
Speaker 1: open up? You know it? As I recall, it was
Speaker 1: about four day four or five that they slowly started
Speaker 1: to kind of open it up. And one of the
Speaker 1: things that struck me as kind of odd was that
Speaker 1: one of the early restrictions that was lifted UM was
Speaker 1: on UM crop dusters, and I thought, okay, crop dusters,
Speaker 1: how about lifeguard flights too. I believe lifeguard flights were
Speaker 1: also released pretty early on. But apparently crop crop dusters
Speaker 1: are pretty vital to our countries crops, and they weren't
Speaker 1: allowed to fly for three or four days, and I
Speaker 1: found that interesting. But I think I think probably on
Speaker 1: day five we were kind of back to normal. But
Speaker 1: of course there were not a lot of airplanes in
Speaker 1: the air for a long time after nine eleven. It's
Speaker 1: just took a long time to kind of get back
Speaker 1: to normal. How many years after that did you continue
Speaker 1: to work. I retired in two thousand seven, so about
Speaker 1: six say so, looking back on it now, and as
Speaker 1: someone who travels still travels today, when you go through
Speaker 1: t S A and you go through all of the
Speaker 1: new security measures as a result of nine eleven, do
Speaker 1: you feel safer traveling? Um? Yes, I I do. I
Speaker 1: always thank those t S agents. I I look him
Speaker 1: in the eye and I say thank you for your service,
Speaker 1: because I think they have a really tough job. And
Speaker 1: but I think that's kind of the only way to
Speaker 1: do this anymore. I mean, we have to really kind
Speaker 1: of check every single person that's getting on an aircraft
Speaker 1: so it never happens again. So I think definitely think
Speaker 1: things are a lot safer since nine eleven. How about
Speaker 1: is a country? Do you think the country is a
Speaker 1: lot safer. Well, Um, that's a whole discussion. Um, I
Speaker 1: I'm starting I'm starting to wonder if we're safer or
Speaker 1: not now some of the things that are going on.
Speaker 1: It doesn't make sense that people seem to just be
Speaker 1: able to willy nearly come into the country. Um, unchecked.
Speaker 1: I don't know how safe that is. I don't think
Speaker 1: that's safe. But um, that's the way about my pay
Speaker 1: grade coming up in episode three. Our goal was to
Speaker 1: be unpredictable. We didn't want the bad guys to be
Speaker 1: able to gain the system. The t s A is
Speaker 1: born nine eleven, two decades later, is produced by Steve
Speaker 1: Gregory and Jacob Gonzalez, and is a production of the
Speaker 1: CAFI News department for iHeartMedia Los Angeles and the iHeart
Speaker 1: Podcast Network. The views expressed are strictly those of the
Speaker 1: guests and not necessarily the hosts or employees of iHeartMedia.