1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,920 Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray. 2 00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:07,520 Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you Should Know? 3 00:00:08,119 --> 00:00:17,599 Speaker 1: From House Stuff Works dot com bloom and welcome to 4 00:00:17,640 --> 00:00:21,840 Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, 5 00:00:22,079 --> 00:00:26,960 Speaker 1: and uh, this is stuff you should know. Yeah, just 6 00:00:27,040 --> 00:00:31,240 Speaker 1: a couple of regular guys are sitting around. Check. That 7 00:00:31,320 --> 00:00:34,400 Speaker 1: was good. I know. I genuinely didn't think you were 8 00:00:34,440 --> 00:00:40,960 Speaker 1: going to say Geyser's really a little This was a 9 00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:44,559 Speaker 1: pretty cool article. I thought I knew a lot about Geyser's, 10 00:00:44,640 --> 00:00:48,239 Speaker 1: but I did not know exactly what was going on there. Yeah. 11 00:00:48,320 --> 00:00:50,040 Speaker 1: In fact, I was wrong on a couple of key points. 12 00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:53,080 Speaker 1: Oh really, yes, which I will not point out. Oh 13 00:00:53,080 --> 00:00:57,240 Speaker 1: come on, well, I thought they'd split out lemonade first 14 00:00:57,240 --> 00:00:59,760 Speaker 1: of all. Uh, and I thought that was a little 15 00:00:59,800 --> 00:01:03,880 Speaker 1: guy on there doing it. Oh got lepers Yeah, that's 16 00:01:03,880 --> 00:01:06,120 Speaker 1: what everybody thinks. I was wrong on both of those points. 17 00:01:06,200 --> 00:01:08,600 Speaker 1: Do we have a guyser myth sound effect? I don't 18 00:01:08,600 --> 00:01:13,080 Speaker 1: think so. Um does this count as weather? Now? This 19 00:01:13,160 --> 00:01:18,080 Speaker 1: is earth science, biogeochemical processes. Okay, I just know you're 20 00:01:18,080 --> 00:01:20,560 Speaker 1: trying to be beef up our weather. H this is 21 00:01:20,600 --> 00:01:23,960 Speaker 1: not weather. It's not weather, although it does begin with weather. Yeah, 22 00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:29,280 Speaker 1: I mean when something precipitates, that's weather, and precipitation precipitates 23 00:01:29,319 --> 00:01:35,600 Speaker 1: the explosion of a geyser. That's right. Uh, Chuck, I 24 00:01:35,640 --> 00:01:38,480 Speaker 1: have no guyser introduction. Man, you can't blame me. Though, 25 00:01:38,560 --> 00:01:41,760 Speaker 1: Like I looked, and there is really not a lot 26 00:01:41,840 --> 00:01:43,960 Speaker 1: going on on guysers. I thought you might tell the 27 00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:46,200 Speaker 1: story about the people in nineteen three years that's going 28 00:01:46,240 --> 00:01:48,440 Speaker 1: to but I didn't want to just usurp it. Okay, 29 00:01:48,640 --> 00:01:50,280 Speaker 1: but let's do that though, since you brought it up, 30 00:01:50,320 --> 00:01:51,920 Speaker 1: because I mean I thought about that, I was like, 31 00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:55,920 Speaker 1: whoa hang back, Josh hanging back? Well, apparently guysers can 32 00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:58,680 Speaker 1: kill you. Um. And you know when you see something 33 00:01:58,720 --> 00:02:00,560 Speaker 1: like old Faith will go off. That's why you're three 34 00:02:00,880 --> 00:02:02,920 Speaker 1: ft away watching it. Yeah, you know you're not gonna 35 00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:05,320 Speaker 1: be on top of the thing. But apparently nineteen three 36 00:02:05,720 --> 00:02:10,400 Speaker 1: in New Zealand, which is allowsy with geyser's um, some 37 00:02:10,480 --> 00:02:14,160 Speaker 1: tourists visiting there got caught in a jet at Uh 38 00:02:14,360 --> 00:02:19,440 Speaker 1: why man, why Mangu Valley nice? And uh? It killed 39 00:02:19,520 --> 00:02:23,000 Speaker 1: all four people and carried them more than a mile away. Yes, 40 00:02:23,480 --> 00:02:28,320 Speaker 1: that is sad, and after after we explain how geysers work, 41 00:02:28,639 --> 00:02:30,640 Speaker 1: I think that will well we should mention that again 42 00:02:30,880 --> 00:02:34,120 Speaker 1: because once I understood how guysers worked and I read that, 43 00:02:34,200 --> 00:02:37,880 Speaker 1: I was like, those people met a terrible, terrible demise, 44 00:02:38,639 --> 00:02:41,560 Speaker 1: like they that was terrible way to go. Yeah, I mean, 45 00:02:41,639 --> 00:02:45,120 Speaker 1: it's tantamount to getting thrown into a volcano or caught 46 00:02:45,320 --> 00:02:48,359 Speaker 1: in dropping into the cracks of an earthquake, and they're 47 00:02:48,360 --> 00:02:50,919 Speaker 1: all kind of related, as it turns out, or being 48 00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:54,320 Speaker 1: bludgeoned to death, which is not related. No, but it's 49 00:02:54,320 --> 00:02:59,400 Speaker 1: pretty bad way to go to geothermal properties. So um chuck. Geysers, 50 00:02:59,639 --> 00:03:02,600 Speaker 1: as I learned from reading this article on how stuff 51 00:03:02,639 --> 00:03:07,800 Speaker 1: works dot com um our beloved site um, are actually 52 00:03:07,880 --> 00:03:11,520 Speaker 1: kind of fragile and there's not that many this this articles, 53 00:03:11,800 --> 00:03:15,639 Speaker 1: there's a thousand guysers roughly in in the world, and 54 00:03:15,960 --> 00:03:18,800 Speaker 1: um I read elsewhere that there's only about fifty guyser 55 00:03:18,919 --> 00:03:22,119 Speaker 1: fields on the planet and about two thirds of those 56 00:03:22,200 --> 00:03:26,400 Speaker 1: have five or fewer guysers, which makes yellow Stone a 57 00:03:27,160 --> 00:03:33,040 Speaker 1: pretty substantial repository of geyser and guys are related activity. 58 00:03:33,480 --> 00:03:36,960 Speaker 1: Because when you're talking guys are you you don't ever 59 00:03:37,080 --> 00:03:40,040 Speaker 1: just talk guys, or you're also talking um fumer roles. 60 00:03:40,920 --> 00:03:46,080 Speaker 1: You're talking hot springs, mud pots, steam vents, and all 61 00:03:46,120 --> 00:03:48,160 Speaker 1: of them are based around the same thing, which is 62 00:03:48,320 --> 00:03:52,480 Speaker 1: there's some sort of geo thermal activity that's relatively close 63 00:03:52,560 --> 00:03:58,440 Speaker 1: to the Earth's surface, right, um. And there's three components 64 00:03:58,560 --> 00:04:03,640 Speaker 1: to a geyser um and they are water supply, plumbing system, 65 00:04:03,680 --> 00:04:06,119 Speaker 1: and heat source. Yeah. And I'm gonna argue with forth 66 00:04:06,200 --> 00:04:11,480 Speaker 1: later on later though, I have to wait. I'm gonna 67 00:04:11,520 --> 00:04:13,360 Speaker 1: call it. We'll just go ahead and say what it is, 68 00:04:13,440 --> 00:04:17,320 Speaker 1: which is a remoteness, all right, and then we'll we'll 69 00:04:17,360 --> 00:04:22,159 Speaker 1: circle back because detached from its family, it comes very remote. 70 00:04:22,640 --> 00:04:25,720 Speaker 1: So a water supply, let's start there, because if you 71 00:04:25,720 --> 00:04:29,240 Speaker 1: ain't got water, you ain't got no geyser. Yeah. And 72 00:04:29,440 --> 00:04:32,960 Speaker 1: I saw in this article that um rivers can often 73 00:04:33,560 --> 00:04:37,800 Speaker 1: um form the water supply. I didn't. I didn't see 74 00:04:37,839 --> 00:04:40,039 Speaker 1: that elsewhere. For the most part, from what I from 75 00:04:40,080 --> 00:04:42,680 Speaker 1: what I can gather is that the water supply is 76 00:04:43,520 --> 00:04:47,760 Speaker 1: um precipitation, rain and snow melt percolating through the Earth's 77 00:04:47,800 --> 00:04:51,520 Speaker 1: crust over five thousand or so years, and then it 78 00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:54,600 Speaker 1: trickles down to the point where it comes in contact with, 79 00:04:54,720 --> 00:04:59,320 Speaker 1: like we said, relatively shallow geo thermal activity, usually very 80 00:04:59,480 --> 00:05:04,080 Speaker 1: very volcano volcano or volcanic activity, or very very old 81 00:05:04,200 --> 00:05:09,560 Speaker 1: like on in the throes of death volcanic activity. Yeah. Um, 82 00:05:09,680 --> 00:05:13,120 Speaker 1: And it can be anything from magma to um cool magma. 83 00:05:13,560 --> 00:05:16,040 Speaker 1: But it's very hot rock and it's close enough to 84 00:05:16,080 --> 00:05:19,040 Speaker 1: the surface that this water doesn't evaporate, it starts to 85 00:05:19,320 --> 00:05:22,159 Speaker 1: trickle back up. Yeah. And when do you stay close? 86 00:05:22,640 --> 00:05:25,320 Speaker 1: Three miles down it seems like a long way down, 87 00:05:25,720 --> 00:05:28,160 Speaker 1: but if you're talking the planet Earth, it's nothing. That's 88 00:05:28,160 --> 00:05:32,000 Speaker 1: pretty close. If you're talking magma, it's pretty close. We're 89 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:34,960 Speaker 1: talking tectonic plates, it's pretty close. It's closer than you 90 00:05:35,080 --> 00:05:40,040 Speaker 1: want it to be. Pal, it's a go ahead, okay. 91 00:05:40,160 --> 00:05:43,880 Speaker 1: Number two the plumbing system, right, very important. Um. The 92 00:05:43,920 --> 00:05:47,960 Speaker 1: plumbing system is a series of fissures that run miles 93 00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:51,760 Speaker 1: beneath the surface. And one important aspect of these fissures 94 00:05:51,960 --> 00:05:57,680 Speaker 1: is they're basically sealed shut with silica from rhyolite. It's 95 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:02,080 Speaker 1: volcanic rock. Um. And like these minerals have sealed this 96 00:06:02,240 --> 00:06:04,800 Speaker 1: rock shut, right, So like really important part of it, 97 00:06:04,960 --> 00:06:07,280 Speaker 1: that water that's percolating down. When it heats up and 98 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:10,280 Speaker 1: starts to travel back up, it takes that silica that 99 00:06:10,440 --> 00:06:13,680 Speaker 1: riolite with it and then it just kind of acts 100 00:06:13,680 --> 00:06:17,159 Speaker 1: as a ceiling along these pipes. Over five hundred thousand years, 101 00:06:17,200 --> 00:06:18,920 Speaker 1: however long it takes for it to go back up, 102 00:06:19,279 --> 00:06:22,480 Speaker 1: it's it's ceiling and it's making it water tight. Well yeah, 103 00:06:22,480 --> 00:06:24,880 Speaker 1: and I imagine I didn't read this, but I imagine 104 00:06:24,920 --> 00:06:27,599 Speaker 1: that this kind of activity happens elsewhere on the planet, 105 00:06:27,960 --> 00:06:32,440 Speaker 1: but it's not sealed up, so it just disperses, right, Yeah, 106 00:06:32,520 --> 00:06:36,000 Speaker 1: Because one of the key ingredients of a geyser is pressure, 107 00:06:36,080 --> 00:06:39,240 Speaker 1: high pressure, that's right. And to get that pressure in 108 00:06:39,360 --> 00:06:43,120 Speaker 1: these pipes, you have to have rylelite coated sealed pipes. 109 00:06:43,320 --> 00:06:45,920 Speaker 1: That's right. Okay, So there's the plumbing system and it 110 00:06:45,960 --> 00:06:48,680 Speaker 1: can the plumbing system barries. All guysers are different. Sometimes 111 00:06:48,720 --> 00:06:51,640 Speaker 1: it's just like a huge, long vertical chaft. Sometimes it 112 00:06:52,200 --> 00:06:54,960 Speaker 1: binds and turns and winds around. Okay, So this is 113 00:06:55,080 --> 00:06:57,480 Speaker 1: this is something that actually differentiates guys are from a 114 00:06:57,560 --> 00:06:59,600 Speaker 1: hot spring. So a hot spring is just like a 115 00:06:59,720 --> 00:07:03,280 Speaker 1: one like a long vertical shaft coming from hot water 116 00:07:03,920 --> 00:07:07,640 Speaker 1: um up to the top. But there's no obstruction. What 117 00:07:07,839 --> 00:07:09,880 Speaker 1: makes the guys or a geyser is the fact that 118 00:07:09,960 --> 00:07:12,560 Speaker 1: there's an obstruction in the plumbing right where the hot 119 00:07:12,600 --> 00:07:15,240 Speaker 1: spring water can just move freely up and down. There's 120 00:07:15,560 --> 00:07:18,280 Speaker 1: there's just free exchange and you soak around in it 121 00:07:18,400 --> 00:07:21,000 Speaker 1: like a big lazy wall rush, but there's no pressure 122 00:07:21,320 --> 00:07:24,520 Speaker 1: with the guys are there's some sort of obstruction where 123 00:07:24,840 --> 00:07:27,040 Speaker 1: either say, the water on its way back up and 124 00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:30,680 Speaker 1: there's this wide pool that bottlenecks at the top. So 125 00:07:30,760 --> 00:07:33,640 Speaker 1: now you have pressure. There's a bunch of different pipes 126 00:07:33,760 --> 00:07:36,320 Speaker 1: feeding into one pipe and they all connect to the 127 00:07:36,360 --> 00:07:41,600 Speaker 1: same place another bottleneck or this this pipe of water 128 00:07:42,080 --> 00:07:47,000 Speaker 1: is so wide and so deep that the pressure from 129 00:07:47,160 --> 00:07:49,680 Speaker 1: the water above the water at the bottom is so 130 00:07:49,880 --> 00:07:53,400 Speaker 1: tremendous that for all intensive purposes it creates a bottleneck 131 00:07:53,480 --> 00:07:56,560 Speaker 1: just strictly out of pressure without an actual obstruction. Yeah, 132 00:07:56,600 --> 00:07:58,760 Speaker 1: just the weight of the water itself is so great. 133 00:07:59,120 --> 00:08:01,760 Speaker 1: So we have a water supply and a plumbing um 134 00:08:02,080 --> 00:08:05,840 Speaker 1: system that is sealed with rhyolite which makes it water 135 00:08:05,960 --> 00:08:09,640 Speaker 1: tight and pressurized, and then some sort of means for 136 00:08:09,800 --> 00:08:12,560 Speaker 1: pressure to build. Yeah, and uh, I guess we can 137 00:08:12,600 --> 00:08:14,280 Speaker 1: go ahead and liking it to a pressure cooker. Now, 138 00:08:14,400 --> 00:08:16,280 Speaker 1: so you understand what we're talking about. If you've ever 139 00:08:16,760 --> 00:08:19,080 Speaker 1: cooked with a pressure cooker at home, or if you've 140 00:08:19,080 --> 00:08:21,560 Speaker 1: ever eaten it Chick fil A and eating their delicious 141 00:08:21,600 --> 00:08:25,240 Speaker 1: pressure fried chicken, is that how they do it? Oh? Yeah, 142 00:08:25,960 --> 00:08:30,600 Speaker 1: pressure fried? So that's whether so juicy. Um, So water 143 00:08:30,800 --> 00:08:32,760 Speaker 1: is standard water is just gonna boil it like a 144 00:08:32,880 --> 00:08:39,160 Speaker 1: hundred degrees celsius French water. Um. If you're if you're 145 00:08:39,200 --> 00:08:41,199 Speaker 1: cooking with a pressure cooker, which means you know, the 146 00:08:41,559 --> 00:08:43,839 Speaker 1: litt a sealed shut it lets out some steam or 147 00:08:43,880 --> 00:08:48,200 Speaker 1: else it would explode obviously, Um, it will actually take 148 00:08:48,240 --> 00:08:51,840 Speaker 1: a lot more energy to boil and bubble up, which 149 00:08:51,920 --> 00:08:54,240 Speaker 1: means more heat. And so you can actually cooking a 150 00:08:54,280 --> 00:08:58,000 Speaker 1: pressure cooker at like twenty five degrees right, because it's 151 00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:01,360 Speaker 1: just substantial for under a pressure. It takes a lot 152 00:09:01,480 --> 00:09:03,760 Speaker 1: more for what it was boiling water. But it's like 153 00:09:04,480 --> 00:09:07,400 Speaker 1: air bubbles forming and rising to the top. When the 154 00:09:07,440 --> 00:09:09,640 Speaker 1: pressure is too great, it can't boil. So the boiling 155 00:09:09,720 --> 00:09:12,240 Speaker 1: point rises, right, Well, it boils, but it won't it 156 00:09:12,360 --> 00:09:15,280 Speaker 1: can't evaporate. Well, no, it can't. It can't form the 157 00:09:15,320 --> 00:09:18,000 Speaker 1: bubbles that carry to the top. So it can't actually boil. 158 00:09:18,120 --> 00:09:20,920 Speaker 1: So it's just sitting there in this high pressure environment 159 00:09:20,960 --> 00:09:24,959 Speaker 1: at high higher than boiling point temperatures and the same 160 00:09:25,040 --> 00:09:28,760 Speaker 1: things going on in the guyser. Right, You've got the obstruction, 161 00:09:29,160 --> 00:09:31,520 Speaker 1: you've got this heated water, and you have a tremendous 162 00:09:31,559 --> 00:09:35,400 Speaker 1: amount of pressure because again we're talking about miles deep 163 00:09:36,400 --> 00:09:38,880 Speaker 1: um and there's that's quite a bit of pressure at 164 00:09:38,880 --> 00:09:41,520 Speaker 1: the bottom the water at the bottom. It's getting hotter 165 00:09:41,559 --> 00:09:47,120 Speaker 1: and hotter and hotter. Yeah, like, um, I mean, I 166 00:09:47,200 --> 00:09:50,760 Speaker 1: guess it depends. But for guys are to form and start, 167 00:09:51,880 --> 00:09:54,120 Speaker 1: they think the oldest one is between five thousand and 168 00:09:54,200 --> 00:09:57,240 Speaker 1: forty years old. So yeah, so it takes a little 169 00:09:57,240 --> 00:09:59,240 Speaker 1: while because you know, the plumbing has to has to 170 00:09:59,280 --> 00:10:02,240 Speaker 1: steal up in every thing. But as that pressure builds 171 00:10:03,400 --> 00:10:07,800 Speaker 1: and then that heat um increases, you can reach temperatures 172 00:10:07,840 --> 00:10:11,000 Speaker 1: of like four or five degrees fahrenheit of this water 173 00:10:11,080 --> 00:10:14,760 Speaker 1: and it's still not boiling, right, that's right, And then 174 00:10:14,800 --> 00:10:18,800 Speaker 1: eventually it does boil. It overcomes that pressure threshold. Well, 175 00:10:18,840 --> 00:10:22,240 Speaker 1: it finds its way through to to the escape route, 176 00:10:22,720 --> 00:10:25,599 Speaker 1: which is the top of the surface, and it'll just 177 00:10:26,280 --> 00:10:28,360 Speaker 1: and that's not the eruption and it'll just squired a 178 00:10:28,400 --> 00:10:31,719 Speaker 1: little bit of water out and think, wow, that was 179 00:10:31,800 --> 00:10:36,040 Speaker 1: a big relief, and such a big relief that the 180 00:10:36,120 --> 00:10:40,199 Speaker 1: steam all of a sudden expands to times the volume 181 00:10:40,240 --> 00:10:43,280 Speaker 1: of the water. It's like if you're ever boiling, you 182 00:10:43,320 --> 00:10:46,079 Speaker 1: ever steam vegetables in your house, the best way to 183 00:10:46,120 --> 00:10:48,120 Speaker 1: steam vegetables is you don't just set it on a 184 00:10:48,200 --> 00:10:50,599 Speaker 1: massive boil and cover it up. You get it to 185 00:10:50,720 --> 00:10:53,480 Speaker 1: that massive boil and then you turn that heat down low, 186 00:10:53,920 --> 00:10:56,640 Speaker 1: and all of a sudden, that pressure drop creates like 187 00:10:56,800 --> 00:10:59,199 Speaker 1: massive amounts of steam, right. And the reason why is 188 00:10:59,280 --> 00:11:03,040 Speaker 1: because when you increase pressure, you increase the temperature that's 189 00:11:03,080 --> 00:11:06,640 Speaker 1: the boiling point of water. If suddenly you have that 190 00:11:06,800 --> 00:11:11,000 Speaker 1: temperature still but the pressure decreases, that that water and 191 00:11:11,080 --> 00:11:14,920 Speaker 1: this guys are just flash vaporizes. And because there's a 192 00:11:14,960 --> 00:11:17,880 Speaker 1: lot more volume to an equal amount of water and steam, 193 00:11:18,559 --> 00:11:21,679 Speaker 1: that steam, like you said, expands to what times the 194 00:11:21,760 --> 00:11:25,320 Speaker 1: volume And there's your guys are pal Yeah, it's that's 195 00:11:25,360 --> 00:11:27,000 Speaker 1: all of a sudden, all the steam in the water 196 00:11:27,280 --> 00:11:30,560 Speaker 1: just gets shot out. Depending on what kind of guys 197 00:11:30,600 --> 00:11:32,679 Speaker 1: are it is, it's going to take different formations and 198 00:11:33,200 --> 00:11:37,439 Speaker 1: be different heights and last different amounts of time. But um, 199 00:11:38,160 --> 00:11:40,600 Speaker 1: it'll keep going until it either runs out of water 200 00:11:41,240 --> 00:11:43,400 Speaker 1: or it cools down enough for it just start all 201 00:11:43,440 --> 00:11:45,720 Speaker 1: over again. Yeah, and then it just starts all over again, 202 00:11:45,760 --> 00:11:48,520 Speaker 1: which is how you get something like Old Faithful. Right, 203 00:11:48,720 --> 00:11:51,839 Speaker 1: that's right. Once it once it releases that um that 204 00:11:52,000 --> 00:11:54,760 Speaker 1: pressure and it shoots out, it's the whole process just 205 00:11:54,880 --> 00:11:58,600 Speaker 1: begins again, and you have, Um, guys, there's like Old 206 00:11:58,640 --> 00:12:01,560 Speaker 1: Faithful that or run like on a pretty regular schedule. 207 00:12:01,600 --> 00:12:04,520 Speaker 1: I think it's between like sixty and eighty five minutes 208 00:12:04,640 --> 00:12:06,360 Speaker 1: or something like that. Well, I've got the new schedule 209 00:12:06,480 --> 00:12:10,280 Speaker 1: to help schedule because it's been it's been happening with 210 00:12:10,520 --> 00:12:15,080 Speaker 1: greater with less frequency and greater power in recent years. 211 00:12:15,600 --> 00:12:18,840 Speaker 1: I think it's said since two thousand UM. And it's 212 00:12:18,880 --> 00:12:21,280 Speaker 1: a bimodal. They call it bimodal. And if you're going 213 00:12:21,320 --> 00:12:25,480 Speaker 1: to Old Paple and Wyoming, Um. There are generally two 214 00:12:25,720 --> 00:12:28,600 Speaker 1: eruption durations now, either a long one which is over 215 00:12:28,720 --> 00:12:31,120 Speaker 1: four minutes, or a short one, which is about two 216 00:12:31,120 --> 00:12:33,959 Speaker 1: and a half minutes. And if you have just missed 217 00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:37,560 Speaker 1: the short one, there'll be about an hour before your 218 00:12:37,600 --> 00:12:40,160 Speaker 1: next eruption. If you have just missed the long one, 219 00:12:40,640 --> 00:12:42,240 Speaker 1: then there's gonna be about an hour and a half 220 00:12:42,400 --> 00:12:44,800 Speaker 1: until the next one. But either way, it's it's worth 221 00:12:44,880 --> 00:12:47,240 Speaker 1: sticking around for it. Yeah, and it's funny if you 222 00:12:47,360 --> 00:12:50,080 Speaker 1: go to the page and there's obviously a webcam up 223 00:12:50,080 --> 00:12:51,520 Speaker 1: where you can see it and stuff, but that's not 224 00:12:51,600 --> 00:12:53,560 Speaker 1: as fun. But if you go to the web page 225 00:12:53,559 --> 00:12:55,559 Speaker 1: and they ask for tips on you know, seeing it, 226 00:12:56,200 --> 00:12:58,760 Speaker 1: they say, well, if there's a lot of people sitting 227 00:12:58,840 --> 00:13:02,120 Speaker 1: around on the benches, that means there's one upcoming. If 228 00:13:02,120 --> 00:13:03,839 Speaker 1: there's a bunch of people getting up and leaving, that 229 00:13:03,920 --> 00:13:07,000 Speaker 1: means it just happened. It's like, wow, really, yeah, that's 230 00:13:07,000 --> 00:13:09,640 Speaker 1: the best you can do. That sounds like, um, like 231 00:13:09,800 --> 00:13:15,040 Speaker 1: hippie park ranger logic exactly. Um okay, so, uh well, 232 00:13:15,040 --> 00:13:18,520 Speaker 1: I guess we're onto like famous geysers, right, yeah, Actually 233 00:13:18,559 --> 00:13:21,760 Speaker 1: quickly I mentioned I teased about the fourth um thing 234 00:13:21,840 --> 00:13:26,720 Speaker 1: being remoteness. Apparently, in the last fifty years, uh producing 235 00:13:26,920 --> 00:13:32,079 Speaker 1: energy with geothermal energy production is increased so much that 236 00:13:32,120 --> 00:13:36,720 Speaker 1: it's affecting geysers, and so being remote is now believed 237 00:13:36,760 --> 00:13:38,560 Speaker 1: to be one of the requirements to be a geyser 238 00:13:38,640 --> 00:13:41,880 Speaker 1: because geysers are vanishing because of man because so I 239 00:13:41,960 --> 00:13:44,040 Speaker 1: was trying to figure out this out. Maybe you can 240 00:13:44,400 --> 00:13:48,480 Speaker 1: help me. That's because we dig down to these this 241 00:13:48,840 --> 00:13:52,679 Speaker 1: this um, these geysers of this geo thermal activity, and 242 00:13:52,760 --> 00:13:55,520 Speaker 1: in doing so, are we creating like a release valve 243 00:13:56,040 --> 00:13:58,240 Speaker 1: so the pressure camp build as much I think So, 244 00:13:58,320 --> 00:14:01,640 Speaker 1: I mean they're using it to spind turbines to create energy, 245 00:14:01,720 --> 00:14:03,719 Speaker 1: but I know you can also have like a geothermal 246 00:14:03,800 --> 00:14:07,520 Speaker 1: system in your backyard, which I don't think he uses. 247 00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:09,760 Speaker 1: I don't think it like creates steam. So I feel 248 00:14:09,800 --> 00:14:12,559 Speaker 1: like what we're doing then is creating artificial geysers, like 249 00:14:12,679 --> 00:14:15,600 Speaker 1: creating an artificial pipe to let steam out, which would 250 00:14:15,840 --> 00:14:19,800 Speaker 1: impact any natural guys activity because like we said, they're 251 00:14:19,920 --> 00:14:24,640 Speaker 1: very fragile. Earthquakes frequently um cut them off. They also 252 00:14:24,800 --> 00:14:27,440 Speaker 1: bring them back to life to Yeah, that's like there 253 00:14:27,560 --> 00:14:32,040 Speaker 1: was one called the Stroker geyser that that would be 254 00:14:32,280 --> 00:14:34,520 Speaker 1: st r O k K you are, yeah, and that 255 00:14:34,640 --> 00:14:38,160 Speaker 1: stroker like stroker race right right, So stroker geyser um 256 00:14:38,440 --> 00:14:42,160 Speaker 1: is after the Icelandic well, stroker is after the Icelandic 257 00:14:42,280 --> 00:14:45,960 Speaker 1: verb to churn, and actually geysers after the Icelandic verb 258 00:14:46,480 --> 00:14:51,600 Speaker 1: um to gush. So this is all very Icelandic in origin, 259 00:14:51,720 --> 00:14:53,800 Speaker 1: but that would be g e y s I r 260 00:14:55,640 --> 00:14:59,920 Speaker 1: okas in Icelandic. Sure, I won't know how byork pronounced. 261 00:15:00,640 --> 00:15:03,560 Speaker 1: And you've seen Christian Wiggs impression of her. Huh, it's 262 00:15:03,600 --> 00:15:07,960 Speaker 1: really great. Um Okay, So the Stroker Geyser was actually um. 263 00:15:08,840 --> 00:15:13,920 Speaker 1: It was enacted in seventeen nine um because of an earthquake, 264 00:15:14,400 --> 00:15:19,240 Speaker 1: and then another earthquake hit in Ee and it became inactive. 265 00:15:19,280 --> 00:15:22,400 Speaker 1: It went dormant and the local said, we gotta get 266 00:15:22,400 --> 00:15:24,320 Speaker 1: our guys are back. Man, it's all blocked up. So 267 00:15:24,400 --> 00:15:27,040 Speaker 1: they cleared it off and now it's running again. I 268 00:15:27,120 --> 00:15:32,800 Speaker 1: bet that's probably dangerous work. Dangerous. Um. Another way to 269 00:15:32,960 --> 00:15:36,600 Speaker 1: that humans are impacting is a mineral extraction. Apparently in 270 00:15:36,760 --> 00:15:41,840 Speaker 1: two thousand three, uh, they were extracting minerals in Chile, 271 00:15:42,840 --> 00:15:46,880 Speaker 1: the second largest geyser field in South America, and it 272 00:15:47,480 --> 00:15:52,880 Speaker 1: killed it basically from extracting golden stuff. Because basically they 273 00:15:52,920 --> 00:15:55,800 Speaker 1: mess with the plumbing and then you're finished. Because it's 274 00:15:55,840 --> 00:15:58,720 Speaker 1: like you said, like um, in a pressure cooker has 275 00:15:58,760 --> 00:16:02,360 Speaker 1: that little steam, but also it's doesn't explode. The guys 276 00:16:02,520 --> 00:16:04,600 Speaker 1: aren't supposed to have that. If they have that, they 277 00:16:04,680 --> 00:16:06,600 Speaker 1: just don't go off. They're like, well, fine, I'll just 278 00:16:06,840 --> 00:16:11,760 Speaker 1: let some steam off and um, um, that does happen naturally. 279 00:16:11,840 --> 00:16:16,360 Speaker 1: There are steam vents located near geysers, um like yellow stones. Like, 280 00:16:16,440 --> 00:16:21,680 Speaker 1: we have ten thousand um geo thermal um what is 281 00:16:21,720 --> 00:16:26,080 Speaker 1: the word they use, Uh, basically different things. We have 282 00:16:26,160 --> 00:16:29,200 Speaker 1: ten thousands of your thermal different things. Um. But the 283 00:16:29,320 --> 00:16:33,120 Speaker 1: vast majority of those are like steam vents. No, they're 284 00:16:33,160 --> 00:16:37,600 Speaker 1: they're natural, Like they're like little steam releases that come 285 00:16:37,640 --> 00:16:40,120 Speaker 1: up through fissures in the earth. I thought you meant 286 00:16:40,160 --> 00:16:42,440 Speaker 1: we put those in to make old bathele like safers. No, 287 00:16:42,600 --> 00:16:45,760 Speaker 1: they happen naturally. Um. But I think it's the same 288 00:16:45,840 --> 00:16:48,600 Speaker 1: thing as drilling a hole down to a geotherrmal um 289 00:16:48,960 --> 00:16:53,640 Speaker 1: different thing and uh and tapping it to run a turbine. Okay, 290 00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:58,720 Speaker 1: at least you didn't say interesting. Interesting, man, This stuff 291 00:16:58,800 --> 00:17:02,600 Speaker 1: is very interesting. Um, Old people, is a cone geyser? 292 00:17:03,280 --> 00:17:04,920 Speaker 1: I'm not sure I understand the difference. Is it the 293 00:17:05,119 --> 00:17:08,159 Speaker 1: is it the difference? Is it the outlet like the 294 00:17:08,200 --> 00:17:10,440 Speaker 1: shape of the thing above the earth. Yeah, So with 295 00:17:10,560 --> 00:17:12,960 Speaker 1: the cone, guys, where the ryo light bubbles up enough 296 00:17:13,040 --> 00:17:15,680 Speaker 1: over time that it builds up and it forms a 297 00:17:15,720 --> 00:17:17,760 Speaker 1: little cone and that's what the guys are shoots out of. 298 00:17:17,840 --> 00:17:19,720 Speaker 1: And normally with the cone guys or you have a 299 00:17:20,119 --> 00:17:23,200 Speaker 1: big stream going is yet going into the air like 300 00:17:23,480 --> 00:17:27,879 Speaker 1: hundreds of feet That one in um in uh New Zealand, 301 00:17:28,240 --> 00:17:33,320 Speaker 1: the Wyman Geo geyser. Um, that one streamed four d 302 00:17:33,520 --> 00:17:35,680 Speaker 1: seventy ft into the air and for those of you 303 00:17:35,800 --> 00:17:38,560 Speaker 1: in New Zealand, that's four hundred and fifty that's a 304 00:17:38,640 --> 00:17:43,639 Speaker 1: world record, right yeah, yeah, nineteen oh two, yeah, before 305 00:17:43,640 --> 00:17:45,800 Speaker 1: it killed people, right, and then it went dormant in 306 00:17:45,960 --> 00:17:49,000 Speaker 1: nineteen o four because of the landslide, which makes me 307 00:17:49,119 --> 00:17:51,440 Speaker 1: think like this thing is coming back. It just gotta 308 00:17:51,480 --> 00:17:55,440 Speaker 1: bubble back up, kill people and then shut down right afterwards. Yeah, 309 00:17:55,680 --> 00:17:59,040 Speaker 1: it's really had a really chaotic to your career. It's 310 00:17:59,080 --> 00:18:02,679 Speaker 1: like a rock star overdosed on heroin or something. Um. 311 00:18:02,840 --> 00:18:06,679 Speaker 1: But anyway, as I was saying, um, the cone shoots 312 00:18:06,680 --> 00:18:10,560 Speaker 1: a jet into the air. The fountain Um, it shoots 313 00:18:10,600 --> 00:18:13,200 Speaker 1: in a much more like chaotic streme whatever. But it 314 00:18:13,240 --> 00:18:14,760 Speaker 1: doesn't come up from a cone. It comes up from 315 00:18:14,800 --> 00:18:19,240 Speaker 1: a pool. So at the surface the geyser goes into 316 00:18:19,720 --> 00:18:22,520 Speaker 1: a pool of water and then that it will erupt 317 00:18:22,720 --> 00:18:26,320 Speaker 1: out of the water, and that would be the Grand guyser. Um, 318 00:18:26,800 --> 00:18:29,720 Speaker 1: the tall that's the tallest regularly erupting guys are on 319 00:18:29,760 --> 00:18:32,520 Speaker 1: the planet. And that is also a yellowstone. Yeah, the tallest, 320 00:18:32,560 --> 00:18:34,800 Speaker 1: and that it shoots up in the air. Yeah, two 321 00:18:35,240 --> 00:18:40,320 Speaker 1: feet in crazy fountain e hard to predict fashion. Yeah, 322 00:18:40,359 --> 00:18:43,399 Speaker 1: which is pretty surprising too, because the cone geyser shoots 323 00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:46,280 Speaker 1: a jet straight up in the air and this fountain 324 00:18:46,359 --> 00:18:49,320 Speaker 1: geyser is still beating the average one. Yeah. Could you 325 00:18:49,359 --> 00:18:51,480 Speaker 1: imagine if it was a cone guyser, it would be 326 00:18:51,880 --> 00:18:55,920 Speaker 1: mind blowing to the moon. Uh. You mentioned the stroker 327 00:18:56,080 --> 00:19:00,760 Speaker 1: Ace geyser, the steamboat guys Yeah, apparently can sheet water 328 00:19:00,840 --> 00:19:04,240 Speaker 1: up to three hundred feet. But don't bother stopping by 329 00:19:04,359 --> 00:19:07,520 Speaker 1: because it hasn't happened for fifty years. It can go 330 00:19:07,680 --> 00:19:11,120 Speaker 1: fifty years, but yeah, it's finicky. Yeah. Um. There's also 331 00:19:11,200 --> 00:19:15,680 Speaker 1: the geyser, which is the o g geyser because that's 332 00:19:15,680 --> 00:19:18,280 Speaker 1: where the word came from. It's a geyser in Iceland. 333 00:19:18,600 --> 00:19:23,160 Speaker 1: It was discovered in Umour, so it's the oldest known 334 00:19:23,240 --> 00:19:25,520 Speaker 1: guys are on the planet. But they took some samples 335 00:19:25,600 --> 00:19:28,639 Speaker 1: of the silica that forms the cone of the castle 336 00:19:28,680 --> 00:19:31,200 Speaker 1: guys are in Yellowstone. That's the one they think is 337 00:19:31,560 --> 00:19:35,480 Speaker 1: five thousand to forty thousand years old. Apparently silicon dating 338 00:19:36,800 --> 00:19:40,760 Speaker 1: can use some work. I did see one interesting little 339 00:19:40,840 --> 00:19:44,080 Speaker 1: and it wasn't a joke. It was almost like you 340 00:19:44,160 --> 00:19:47,440 Speaker 1: could hear science guys laughing about it. Though. You geysers 341 00:19:47,480 --> 00:19:52,080 Speaker 1: are always called geysers, even if they quit erupting. But 342 00:19:52,400 --> 00:19:55,159 Speaker 1: that ceased to make seeds to be a geyser at 343 00:19:55,240 --> 00:19:58,240 Speaker 1: that point. But once you have erupted, you're always called 344 00:19:58,240 --> 00:20:02,359 Speaker 1: a geyser. The cone formerly known as geyser. Yeah, that's 345 00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:06,960 Speaker 1: what I would call it. Shameful. Uh, listen, do you 346 00:20:07,080 --> 00:20:11,160 Speaker 1: know that whole story about Prince doing that, about changing 347 00:20:11,240 --> 00:20:13,720 Speaker 1: his name. No, I never knew the story behind it. 348 00:20:13,920 --> 00:20:16,200 Speaker 1: So he was locked in a contract with Sony that 349 00:20:16,280 --> 00:20:20,560 Speaker 1: he didn't like, and Sony basically said, you can't release 350 00:20:20,600 --> 00:20:24,320 Speaker 1: an album as Prince. Yes. And but also that had 351 00:20:24,359 --> 00:20:27,240 Speaker 1: something to do with him acting basically crazy, like he 352 00:20:27,320 --> 00:20:29,600 Speaker 1: acted crazy on purpose to get out of his contract 353 00:20:29,600 --> 00:20:31,439 Speaker 1: because there was some sort of clause where like if 354 00:20:31,480 --> 00:20:33,880 Speaker 1: he was if he went nuts or whatever, it would 355 00:20:33,880 --> 00:20:36,119 Speaker 1: avoid his contract. So he did that, and he had 356 00:20:36,160 --> 00:20:38,800 Speaker 1: that font release and I remember he released it to 357 00:20:38,960 --> 00:20:42,520 Speaker 1: the media like, um, his little symbol yes to as 358 00:20:42,600 --> 00:20:45,480 Speaker 1: like a font add on so you could just print 359 00:20:45,520 --> 00:20:48,359 Speaker 1: the symbol when you were writing about him. And his 360 00:20:48,560 --> 00:20:51,200 Speaker 1: contract with Sony was either avoided or they gave it 361 00:20:51,320 --> 00:20:53,520 Speaker 1: up or whatever. But he was basically like, I'll show 362 00:20:53,600 --> 00:20:56,760 Speaker 1: you crazy, but I need to get out of this contract. Boy. 363 00:20:56,840 --> 00:20:59,480 Speaker 1: One of the best concerts I've ever seen. Oh yeah, 364 00:20:59,480 --> 00:21:01,240 Speaker 1: I'll bet and I don't even think I put it 365 00:21:01,320 --> 00:21:03,880 Speaker 1: my top five when we had that listener mail at time, 366 00:21:03,920 --> 00:21:06,879 Speaker 1: but probably forgot. It's probably in my top five. I 367 00:21:06,920 --> 00:21:09,919 Speaker 1: would like to see print. Sometimes he brings it he um. 368 00:21:10,160 --> 00:21:12,439 Speaker 1: He bought you met a bottle of water at um 369 00:21:12,600 --> 00:21:15,639 Speaker 1: a Miles Davis show at the Cotton Club. Really wow. 370 00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:18,040 Speaker 1: Her friends came up to see the lemon Heads and 371 00:21:18,119 --> 00:21:20,000 Speaker 1: she's like, yeah, I'll go with you, and then found 372 00:21:20,040 --> 00:21:22,000 Speaker 1: out that Miles Davis was playing. It's like, I'm gonna 373 00:21:22,040 --> 00:21:27,919 Speaker 1: go over here yourself, bottle of water. Evan Dando, Miles Davis. 374 00:21:28,640 --> 00:21:32,520 Speaker 1: Let me think about that. Sorry, e d um So 375 00:21:32,800 --> 00:21:38,679 Speaker 1: that's uh, that's print. Oh yeah, oh yeah. Guys are too. Um. 376 00:21:38,720 --> 00:21:40,560 Speaker 1: If you want to learn more about guysers, you can 377 00:21:40,600 --> 00:21:42,920 Speaker 1: type that word g E y S e r s. 378 00:21:43,000 --> 00:21:46,439 Speaker 1: That's the English spelling. We didn't do it icelandically. Um, 379 00:21:46,520 --> 00:21:47,960 Speaker 1: but you type that in the search bar at how 380 00:21:48,040 --> 00:21:50,680 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com and it will bring up this fine, 381 00:21:50,720 --> 00:21:54,080 Speaker 1: fine article. And I said search part how stuff works 382 00:21:54,080 --> 00:21:57,280 Speaker 1: dot com, which means it's time for plug fest. It's 383 00:21:57,280 --> 00:22:01,840 Speaker 1: time for listener mail. All right, Josh, I'm gonna call this, 384 00:22:02,080 --> 00:22:07,400 Speaker 1: uh given a local Brooklyn night a plug for his election. 385 00:22:07,720 --> 00:22:10,600 Speaker 1: But that's not how it started. Okay, that was kind 386 00:22:10,600 --> 00:22:13,320 Speaker 1: of a complicated title. Um, guys who just listen to 387 00:22:13,359 --> 00:22:15,359 Speaker 1: your podcast How Labor Unions Work? And I want to 388 00:22:15,400 --> 00:22:17,960 Speaker 1: thank you for trying to give a very balanced a 389 00:22:18,680 --> 00:22:21,520 Speaker 1: story to what is a very complicated and contentious subject. 390 00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:25,000 Speaker 1: As a former New York City union organizer, so this 391 00:22:25,040 --> 00:22:27,720 Speaker 1: guy is the real deal. I am very familiar with 392 00:22:27,800 --> 00:22:30,560 Speaker 1: the arguments against unions, but I truly believe American workers 393 00:22:30,920 --> 00:22:33,600 Speaker 1: in the American economy are better off with unions and 394 00:22:33,680 --> 00:22:39,240 Speaker 1: without when unions are strong, organizing when unions are strong. 395 00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:42,800 Speaker 1: There is some counterpoint to this total acceptance of rampant 396 00:22:42,880 --> 00:22:46,000 Speaker 1: greed that was essentially the cause of the financial meltdown 397 00:22:46,040 --> 00:22:48,320 Speaker 1: in two thousand and eight. At this point, with unions 398 00:22:48,359 --> 00:22:51,080 Speaker 1: at their weakest and a half century, we average Americans 399 00:22:51,119 --> 00:22:55,359 Speaker 1: are being held hostage by corporations. That's what he says. Um, 400 00:22:55,520 --> 00:22:57,679 Speaker 1: I have to say in my line of work, violence 401 00:22:57,800 --> 00:23:00,800 Speaker 1: was not the norm, but intimidation by the employers consant. 402 00:23:01,359 --> 00:23:04,680 Speaker 1: They did everything from threatening workers with being fired, lying 403 00:23:04,760 --> 00:23:07,400 Speaker 1: to them and telling them they did not have collective 404 00:23:07,440 --> 00:23:10,960 Speaker 1: bargaining rights, to telling them the union would only steal 405 00:23:11,680 --> 00:23:17,040 Speaker 1: their dues and not get them a good contract. The 406 00:23:17,160 --> 00:23:21,000 Speaker 1: deceptive HR person right there. Yeah, Or they would tell workers, 407 00:23:21,240 --> 00:23:23,840 Speaker 1: um they would work out individual deals with them, that 408 00:23:23,920 --> 00:23:27,720 Speaker 1: they would vote against the union like, Yeah, that's pretty 409 00:23:27,960 --> 00:23:31,200 Speaker 1: pretty Harry. Even once when we were organizing at a 410 00:23:31,280 --> 00:23:34,359 Speaker 1: Catholic hospital, they told the workers they were going against 411 00:23:34,400 --> 00:23:37,280 Speaker 1: God if they tried to organize. Yeah, can you see 412 00:23:37,320 --> 00:23:40,720 Speaker 1: like those priests like union breaking cracking heads with mental 413 00:23:40,800 --> 00:23:43,160 Speaker 1: to tongue. The only problem I had with your podcast 414 00:23:43,280 --> 00:23:45,920 Speaker 1: was the lack of coverage you gave to the Triangle 415 00:23:46,160 --> 00:23:49,520 Speaker 1: shirtwaist fire. We've mentioned that. He said it could have 416 00:23:49,560 --> 00:23:52,600 Speaker 1: been not more. He said it could deserve its own podcast. 417 00:23:54,440 --> 00:23:57,640 Speaker 1: He said it was one of the deadliest industrial accidents 418 00:23:57,680 --> 00:24:00,680 Speaker 1: in the United States history. Last year hundreds of people 419 00:24:00,720 --> 00:24:03,680 Speaker 1: came out to commemorate the one year anniversary remember of 420 00:24:03,800 --> 00:24:07,240 Speaker 1: the lives lost due to lock stairwells and exits. That 421 00:24:07,320 --> 00:24:09,280 Speaker 1: fire was a major turning point in labor conditions in 422 00:24:09,280 --> 00:24:12,040 Speaker 1: New York City and around the world, as well as 423 00:24:12,080 --> 00:24:16,880 Speaker 1: bringing light to women's terrible working conditions. And I wrote 424 00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:20,440 Speaker 1: them back and it turns out, uh A day e 425 00:24:20,600 --> 00:24:24,080 Speaker 1: d is his name, Fox is running for Brooklyn City Council. 426 00:24:25,080 --> 00:24:26,960 Speaker 1: I said, you know what, dude, we'll plug your campaign. 427 00:24:27,760 --> 00:24:32,560 Speaker 1: Uh www dot e d E f o X dot 428 00:24:32,640 --> 00:24:36,159 Speaker 1: com a a fox dot com and good luck in 429 00:24:36,280 --> 00:24:39,200 Speaker 1: your bid for city council in Brooklyn. Yeah, if you 430 00:24:39,320 --> 00:24:43,480 Speaker 1: wear um sunglasses with Neon arms on them and into 431 00:24:43,560 --> 00:24:45,800 Speaker 1: like your pro union, I would say your vote for this. 432 00:24:45,920 --> 00:24:48,119 Speaker 1: I think we can help guarnering you a little bit 433 00:24:48,160 --> 00:24:51,520 Speaker 1: of the hipster boat, maybe since we are both aging hipsters. 434 00:24:51,920 --> 00:24:54,760 Speaker 1: I am not a hipster, dude. I am not a hipster, 435 00:24:55,600 --> 00:24:58,120 Speaker 1: and I've maybe aging, but I'm not a hipster. Well, 436 00:24:58,200 --> 00:25:00,359 Speaker 1: you look a lot more like a hips wan you 437 00:25:00,440 --> 00:25:03,359 Speaker 1: used to. Well if you, uh, I guess if you 438 00:25:03,480 --> 00:25:06,240 Speaker 1: have a political campaign you're running, Um, we want to 439 00:25:06,320 --> 00:25:09,760 Speaker 1: hear about it. We heard from another guy. Um in, uh, 440 00:25:10,080 --> 00:25:13,240 Speaker 1: was it in Maryland? A state legislator. He's a he's 441 00:25:13,240 --> 00:25:16,720 Speaker 1: a legislator for Maryland who was writing about human trafficking. 442 00:25:16,800 --> 00:25:19,520 Speaker 1: Next guy shout out to that guy as well. UM, 443 00:25:19,640 --> 00:25:22,080 Speaker 1: but if you are a politician that listens to the 444 00:25:22,119 --> 00:25:24,040 Speaker 1: stuff you should Know, we want to hear your viewpoints. 445 00:25:24,160 --> 00:25:26,800 Speaker 1: Let us know what you gotta say, how we're helping you, 446 00:25:26,960 --> 00:25:29,600 Speaker 1: how we can help more that kind of thing you know. Um, 447 00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:32,359 Speaker 1: you can tweet to us, just please don't send us 448 00:25:32,400 --> 00:25:35,480 Speaker 1: a picture of your junk like other politicians. UM to 449 00:25:35,920 --> 00:25:38,600 Speaker 1: s y s K podcast. You can join us on 450 00:25:38,800 --> 00:25:42,600 Speaker 1: Facebook dot com slash Stuff you Should Know, and you 451 00:25:42,760 --> 00:25:47,240 Speaker 1: can send us an email to Stuff Podcast at Discovery 452 00:25:47,440 --> 00:26:05,919 Speaker 1: dot com. Yeah h brought to you by the reinvented 453 00:26:05,960 --> 00:26:08,520 Speaker 1: two thousand twelve camera. It's ready, are you