1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,480 Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, we're rerunning two episodes today. Enjoy the show. 2 00:00:04,160 --> 00:00:08,200 Speaker 1: Hey guys, welcome to this day in History class, where 3 00:00:08,240 --> 00:00:11,479 Speaker 1: we bring you a new tidbit from history every day. 4 00:00:19,720 --> 00:00:26,639 Speaker 1: The day was June five. The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 5 00:00:27,040 --> 00:00:30,440 Speaker 1: published by the US Center for Disease Control, released an 6 00:00:30,520 --> 00:00:35,920 Speaker 1: article called Pneumo Cistus Pneumonia Los Angeles. The article detailed 7 00:00:35,960 --> 00:00:40,720 Speaker 1: five cases of pneumo sisters karina pneumonia or PCP, which 8 00:00:40,760 --> 00:00:44,080 Speaker 1: is a rare long infection. The cases were all in 9 00:00:44,159 --> 00:00:47,040 Speaker 1: Los Angeles, and all of the men identified in the 10 00:00:47,120 --> 00:00:52,080 Speaker 1: report as having PCP were young, white, and gay. This 11 00:00:52,159 --> 00:00:54,720 Speaker 1: report was the first on what would become known as 12 00:00:54,760 --> 00:01:00,400 Speaker 1: the AIDS or acquired immuno deficiency syndrome epidemic. AIDS caused 13 00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:05,880 Speaker 1: by HIV are human immunodeficiency virus. HIV attacks a person's 14 00:01:05,920 --> 00:01:09,759 Speaker 1: immune system as it spreads through the body, specifically attacking 15 00:01:09,880 --> 00:01:14,160 Speaker 1: c D four sales, also known as T sales. As 16 00:01:14,160 --> 00:01:17,520 Speaker 1: the virus destroys these sales, the immune system has a 17 00:01:17,560 --> 00:01:22,440 Speaker 1: hard time combating disease and infection. AIDS is the most 18 00:01:22,600 --> 00:01:26,360 Speaker 1: severe stage of the HIV infection. When the immune system 19 00:01:26,480 --> 00:01:31,240 Speaker 1: is so compromised that the affected person gets many opportunistic illnesses. 20 00:01:32,240 --> 00:01:35,360 Speaker 1: There is no cure for HIV, but there are treatments 21 00:01:35,400 --> 00:01:38,560 Speaker 1: that can help control the infection, which reduced the presence 22 00:01:38,600 --> 00:01:41,760 Speaker 1: of symptoms and the risk of transmission to people who 23 00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:46,560 Speaker 1: do not have HIV. Scientists believe that HIV was passed 24 00:01:46,600 --> 00:01:49,840 Speaker 1: to humans from chimpanzees that had a version of the 25 00:01:49,920 --> 00:01:56,560 Speaker 1: virus called Simian immunodeficiency virus or s i V. H 26 00:01:56,720 --> 00:01:59,720 Speaker 1: i V could have been transmitted from apes to humans 27 00:01:59,720 --> 00:02:03,160 Speaker 1: as early as the late eighteen hundreds and spread across 28 00:02:03,200 --> 00:02:06,280 Speaker 1: the world since. Though the virus had been in the 29 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:10,000 Speaker 1: United States since at least the nineteen seventies, it was 30 00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:15,680 Speaker 1: not reported until the nineteen article. Local clinicians and the 31 00:02:15,720 --> 00:02:20,080 Speaker 1: Epidemic Intelligence Service officer at the Los Angeles County Department 32 00:02:20,080 --> 00:02:22,840 Speaker 1: of Public Health created the report and sent it to 33 00:02:22,880 --> 00:02:27,160 Speaker 1: the Morbidity Immortality Weekly Report for publication in May of 34 00:02:27,280 --> 00:02:31,800 Speaker 1: nineteen eighty one. Before the journal published the report, the 35 00:02:31,960 --> 00:02:34,880 Speaker 1: editorial staff sent it to the CDC for review by 36 00:02:34,919 --> 00:02:40,079 Speaker 1: experts in parasitic and sexually transmitted infections, and on June five, 37 00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:45,080 Speaker 1: n one, the article was published. The five patients in 38 00:02:45,120 --> 00:02:49,720 Speaker 1: the article, All described as previously healthy, currently or previously 39 00:02:49,800 --> 00:02:54,720 Speaker 1: had cyto megalovirus and Candida mucoastal infection in addition to 40 00:02:54,800 --> 00:03:00,560 Speaker 1: pneumo sisters pneumonia. Two of the patients died. The editorial 41 00:03:00,600 --> 00:03:03,280 Speaker 1: note included at the end of the article stated that 42 00:03:03,400 --> 00:03:07,000 Speaker 1: neumo sisters pneumonia is usually seen in people who are 43 00:03:07,040 --> 00:03:10,560 Speaker 1: severely immuno suppressed, and that the occurrence of the illness 44 00:03:10,639 --> 00:03:14,520 Speaker 1: in these five patients was unusual. It also noted that 45 00:03:14,560 --> 00:03:17,400 Speaker 1: because all five men were gay, some sort of disease 46 00:03:17,440 --> 00:03:20,800 Speaker 1: acquired through sexual contact was at hand, and that a 47 00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:26,600 Speaker 1: cellular immune dysfunction related to common exposure was possible. The 48 00:03:26,720 --> 00:03:30,239 Speaker 1: same day, a New York dermatologist called the CDC to 49 00:03:30,400 --> 00:03:34,920 Speaker 1: report several cases of capos sarcoma, a very rare cancer 50 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:39,240 Speaker 1: that often affects people with immune deficiencies, among gay men, 51 00:03:39,320 --> 00:03:43,280 Speaker 1: in New York, in California, and from there, more reports 52 00:03:43,280 --> 00:03:46,720 Speaker 1: of similar cases popped up around the country. Just days 53 00:03:46,760 --> 00:03:50,360 Speaker 1: after the initial report was published, the CDC established the 54 00:03:50,400 --> 00:03:55,280 Speaker 1: Task Force on Capos Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections to research 55 00:03:55,520 --> 00:03:59,200 Speaker 1: risk factors and investigate new cases of the mysterious syndrome. 56 00:04:00,480 --> 00:04:03,680 Speaker 1: On July three, The New York Times published an article 57 00:04:03,760 --> 00:04:08,520 Speaker 1: on the epidemic titled Rare cancer seen in forty one Homosexuals. 58 00:04:09,240 --> 00:04:11,839 Speaker 1: Because it seems like the condition was limited to gay men, 59 00:04:12,280 --> 00:04:16,520 Speaker 1: it became known as gay related immune deficiency. As the 60 00:04:16,560 --> 00:04:21,480 Speaker 1: epidemic received more media attention, the misnomer gay cancer entered 61 00:04:21,520 --> 00:04:25,280 Speaker 1: the public lexicon, but in September of nineteen eighty two, 62 00:04:25,440 --> 00:04:27,800 Speaker 1: the term AIDS was used to describe the syndrome for 63 00:04:27,800 --> 00:04:30,960 Speaker 1: the first time. Though it was known that people besides 64 00:04:30,960 --> 00:04:34,160 Speaker 1: men who have sex with men can get AIDS, perception 65 00:04:34,240 --> 00:04:38,760 Speaker 1: of AIDS as a gay disease persisted after researchers found 66 00:04:38,800 --> 00:04:42,640 Speaker 1: out that HIV causes AIDS. In nineteen eighty four, HIV 67 00:04:42,839 --> 00:04:46,680 Speaker 1: tests were developed, and in nineteen eighties seven, the first 68 00:04:46,800 --> 00:04:52,080 Speaker 1: anti retroviral medication for HIV, called a z T, was released. 69 00:04:53,120 --> 00:04:55,839 Speaker 1: Throughout the nineteen eighties, the number of cases of HIV 70 00:04:55,960 --> 00:04:59,520 Speaker 1: AIDS increased, and so did the number of deaths caused 71 00:04:59,520 --> 00:05:03,279 Speaker 1: by comp cations of AIDS. After that, the number of 72 00:05:03,279 --> 00:05:07,080 Speaker 1: new cases and deaths declined. Men who have sex with men, 73 00:05:07,520 --> 00:05:10,440 Speaker 1: people of color, transgender women who have sex with men, 74 00:05:10,839 --> 00:05:14,799 Speaker 1: and injection drug users are at high risk. For getting HIV. 75 00:05:16,240 --> 00:05:19,040 Speaker 1: I'm Eve jeffco and hopefully you know a little more 76 00:05:19,040 --> 00:05:23,560 Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. And an additional 77 00:05:23,600 --> 00:05:27,520 Speaker 1: note about the presence of HIV in the States. There's 78 00:05:27,560 --> 00:05:30,680 Speaker 1: a longstanding myth that a French Canadian flight attendant was 79 00:05:30,760 --> 00:05:33,880 Speaker 1: patient zero in the US as he picked up HIV 80 00:05:34,080 --> 00:05:37,200 Speaker 1: in Haiti or Africa and spread it across the States, 81 00:05:37,200 --> 00:05:40,080 Speaker 1: but scientists declared that this was not the case. In 82 00:05:42,560 --> 00:05:44,800 Speaker 1: If you want to learn more about history, you can 83 00:05:44,839 --> 00:05:48,800 Speaker 1: listen to my new podcast called Unpopular. It's a podcast 84 00:05:48,839 --> 00:05:51,839 Speaker 1: that I host that's about people in history who were 85 00:05:51,920 --> 00:05:54,919 Speaker 1: dissenters or were rebels and they challenged the status quo 86 00:05:55,279 --> 00:05:59,720 Speaker 1: and sometimes they were persecuted for it. You can follow 87 00:05:59,800 --> 00:06:04,880 Speaker 1: us on Twitter, Instagram and Facebook at t d I 88 00:06:05,400 --> 00:06:09,960 Speaker 1: h C podcast. Thank you again for listening and we'll 89 00:06:09,960 --> 00:06:25,159 Speaker 1: see you tomorrow. Hey y'all, I'm Eves and welcome to 90 00:06:25,160 --> 00:06:28,000 Speaker 1: this stand History Class, a podcast for folks who can 91 00:06:28,040 --> 00:06:37,960 Speaker 1: never have enough history knowledge. The day was June five. 92 00:06:40,240 --> 00:06:45,080 Speaker 1: Revolutionary leader Pancho Villa was born in Mexico. Villa was 93 00:06:45,120 --> 00:06:49,000 Speaker 1: an important and controversial figure in the Mexican Revolution, and 94 00:06:49,120 --> 00:06:52,919 Speaker 1: he's celebrated by many as a full hero. In his 95 00:06:53,040 --> 00:06:56,680 Speaker 1: young adult years, Villa was involved in banditry. He and 96 00:06:56,800 --> 00:06:59,520 Speaker 1: other bandits and his crew would steal cattle and money 97 00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:02,880 Speaker 1: from wealthy people. Later, Via would become known as a 98 00:07:02,960 --> 00:07:06,000 Speaker 1: kind of robin hood, robbing the rich and giving to 99 00:07:06,000 --> 00:07:10,600 Speaker 1: the poor. At the time, Porfrario Diaz was the president 100 00:07:10,640 --> 00:07:15,040 Speaker 1: of Mexico. Diaz was a controversial figure. While he promoted 101 00:07:15,080 --> 00:07:20,040 Speaker 1: economic progress, his policies benefited austen dados or estate owners 102 00:07:20,120 --> 00:07:24,320 Speaker 1: and other wealthy people while they hurt rural laborers. The 103 00:07:24,360 --> 00:07:28,520 Speaker 1: Mexican Revolution started when people began challenging diaz regime. In 104 00:07:28,600 --> 00:07:34,360 Speaker 1: nineteen ten, Via met presidential candidate Francisco Madeto, who opposed 105 00:07:34,400 --> 00:07:37,600 Speaker 1: Diaz his rule and promised to support the lower classes. 106 00:07:38,320 --> 00:07:42,280 Speaker 1: Via decided to join Madetto's cause. Via was made a 107 00:07:42,320 --> 00:07:45,000 Speaker 1: colonel in the revolutionary causes, and he proved to be 108 00:07:45,040 --> 00:07:49,000 Speaker 1: an effective leader. Madetto was elected president in nineteen eleven, 109 00:07:49,360 --> 00:07:54,080 Speaker 1: but Villa remained entangled in the political unrest. When Pascual 110 00:07:54,160 --> 00:07:58,320 Speaker 1: Arosco launched a rebellion against Madetto, Via participated in the 111 00:07:58,360 --> 00:08:01,960 Speaker 1: fight against the counter revolution. He gathered troops and joined 112 00:08:01,960 --> 00:08:06,280 Speaker 1: forces with General Victoriano Huerta, but Whuereta and Via soon 113 00:08:06,360 --> 00:08:10,920 Speaker 1: fell out, and Whereta ordered vias execution. Via was sent 114 00:08:11,000 --> 00:08:14,000 Speaker 1: to prison instead, but he escaped from prison in December 115 00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:18,040 Speaker 1: of nineteen twelve. A couple of months later, Whereta killed 116 00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:22,080 Speaker 1: Madeto and claimed the presidency. Via escaped to the US 117 00:08:22,120 --> 00:08:24,520 Speaker 1: for a while, but he later went back to Mexico 118 00:08:24,640 --> 00:08:27,720 Speaker 1: and formed his own military force, called the Division del 119 00:08:27,800 --> 00:08:32,320 Speaker 1: Norte or the Division of the North. He allied with 120 00:08:32,400 --> 00:08:36,679 Speaker 1: Venustiano Carranza and went up against Guerta, and Via effectively 121 00:08:36,720 --> 00:08:41,800 Speaker 1: commanded his growing army, which won many revolutionary battles. Via 122 00:08:41,880 --> 00:08:45,840 Speaker 1: gained recognition throughout Mexico, but also in other countries. He 123 00:08:45,920 --> 00:08:50,400 Speaker 1: gained a reputation for being brutal but also benevolent. By 124 00:08:50,480 --> 00:08:53,280 Speaker 1: nineteen thirteen, Villa had become the governor of the state 125 00:08:53,280 --> 00:08:57,320 Speaker 1: of Chihuahua, but rivalry with Carranza soon led the two 126 00:08:57,360 --> 00:09:01,040 Speaker 1: to split, and Via teamed up with revolutionary leader Emiliano 127 00:09:01,160 --> 00:09:05,680 Speaker 1: Zapata against Carranza. Caronsa took power as the head of 128 00:09:05,720 --> 00:09:09,040 Speaker 1: state in Mexico in nineteen fifteen, and Villa continued his 129 00:09:09,080 --> 00:09:14,200 Speaker 1: guerilla activities while Carronza remained in power. The US supported 130 00:09:14,240 --> 00:09:17,560 Speaker 1: Carronsa in the conflict, and Villa needed more supplies to 131 00:09:17,600 --> 00:09:21,200 Speaker 1: fight Carnza, so in March of nineteen sixteen, Via led 132 00:09:21,240 --> 00:09:24,840 Speaker 1: an attack against Columbus New Mexico. Though the US sent 133 00:09:24,920 --> 00:09:27,360 Speaker 1: soldiers to Mexico to look for Villa, they did not 134 00:09:27,480 --> 00:09:32,559 Speaker 1: find him. In nineteen seventeen and nineteen eighteen, Via launched 135 00:09:32,640 --> 00:09:37,240 Speaker 1: many successful raids, but after Carronza was assassinated in nineteen twenty, 136 00:09:37,400 --> 00:09:42,280 Speaker 1: interim President Adolfo de la Huerta negotiated VIA's amnesty and retirement. 137 00:09:43,040 --> 00:09:46,240 Speaker 1: As part of the agreement, Via got the Hacienda and Uahua, 138 00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:50,960 Speaker 1: but in nineteen three Villa was assassinated when he was 139 00:09:50,960 --> 00:09:55,400 Speaker 1: in his car. Some people remember Villa for his advocacy 140 00:09:55,480 --> 00:09:58,520 Speaker 1: for peasants and his success as a military leader, but 141 00:09:58,720 --> 00:10:01,679 Speaker 1: he was often villain I in the contemporary press, and 142 00:10:01,720 --> 00:10:05,760 Speaker 1: he was known for his brutality in war. I'm Eve 143 00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:08,480 Speaker 1: Jeff Cote, and hopefully you know a little more about 144 00:10:08,520 --> 00:10:11,760 Speaker 1: history today than you did yesterday. And if you have 145 00:10:11,840 --> 00:10:13,720 Speaker 1: any kind words do you like to send us, or 146 00:10:13,760 --> 00:10:16,920 Speaker 1: any suggestions for future episodes, you can send them to 147 00:10:17,000 --> 00:10:20,040 Speaker 1: us at this day at I Heeart Media dot com. 148 00:10:20,080 --> 00:10:22,280 Speaker 1: You can also hit us up on social media where 149 00:10:22,320 --> 00:10:26,520 Speaker 1: at T D I h C podcast. Thanks so much 150 00:10:26,520 --> 00:10:28,640 Speaker 1: for listening to the show and we'll see you tomorrow 151 00:10:35,080 --> 00:10:40,840 Speaker 1: m HM. For more podcasts from I Heart Radio, visit 152 00:10:40,880 --> 00:10:43,520 Speaker 1: the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen 153 00:10:43,559 --> 00:10:44,440 Speaker 1: to your favorite shows.