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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Sarah Dowdy and I'm delanea Chocolate boarding and to Blina.

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Speaker 1: I don't know if you've heard of Felicity Austin. I

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Speaker 1: heard this dispatch from her on the radio the other week.

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Speaker 1: I haven't heard of her. She's a polar explorer, British

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Speaker 1: woman who's trying to make a solo ski track across Antarctica,

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Speaker 1: and of course, being a modern day lady, she's got

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Speaker 1: high tech equipment. For instance, she can tweet. I checked

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Speaker 1: out her Twitter feed this morning, in fact, and there

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Speaker 1: was an update from just a couple hours before. But still,

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Speaker 1: she's out there in Antarctica, all alone, with more than

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Speaker 1: one thousand miles to ski, certainly of physically difficult and

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Speaker 1: a mentally challenging thing to do. So it kind of

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Speaker 1: got me thinking. We've talked a lot about polar explorers

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Speaker 1: on the podcast. Keep really seem to love episodes about

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Speaker 1: polar explorers and their exploits, but the stories are usually

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Speaker 1: pretty grim, as you'd imagine, they're punctuated by this glory

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Speaker 1: above all attitude that a lot of times gets the

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Speaker 1: explorers or maybe even more often their crew, all of

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Speaker 1: their men killed at the end. And that's maybe why

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Speaker 1: when I suggested today's topic to you is something for

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Speaker 1: us to do a podcast on um polar explorer for

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Speaker 1: chi Off Nonsen, you were hoping maybe there'd be an exclamation,

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Speaker 1: and it did seem kind of promising, And I see exclamation.

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Speaker 1: I mean, I can't blame you for for thinking that.

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Speaker 1: But the first thing that I think everybody needs to

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Speaker 1: understand about Nonsen is that he was a different breed

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Speaker 1: of polar explorer. In fact, I almost think he has

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Speaker 1: less in common with his contemporaries or the polar explorers

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Speaker 1: who came before him, who were just sort of like,

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Speaker 1: get out there, run over whatever you need to to

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Speaker 1: get there, Bring lots of men, it doesn't matter if

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Speaker 1: they die, just achieve your goal. Um. I think he

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Speaker 1: has less in common with those guys than he does

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Speaker 1: with modern Arctic adventurers. So people like Felicity Aston, who

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Speaker 1: are just you know, trying to hope, trying to inspire

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Speaker 1: other people to achieve UM great things, or maybe more

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Speaker 1: more likely real scientists who are out there collecting real data. Yes,

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Speaker 1: so Nonson wasn't just out there for the recognition, and

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Speaker 1: consequently he wasn't willing to throw his life away, although

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Speaker 1: he did have some close calls, which will take a

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Speaker 1: look at later. As a result, Nonson also had the

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Speaker 1: odd distinction of being a polar explorer with a late

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Speaker 1: life story that's really more impressive even than his youthful adventures.

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Speaker 1: He became a diplomat, a humanitarian, a Nobel Peace Prize winner,

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Speaker 1: and so it's a life that has earned us a

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Speaker 1: two part of it with that kind of accomplishment, going

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Speaker 1: to break it up into two episodes whereth so it

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Speaker 1: all starts though on the skis forty off. Nonsen was

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Speaker 1: born October tenth, eighteen sixty one, near Christagna, which is

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Speaker 1: now Oslo in Norway. And at the time I think

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Speaker 1: it's kind of a developed suburban area now, but at

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Speaker 1: the time it was pretty rural. There were woods that

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Speaker 1: backed up to his family's property, a lot of countryside,

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Speaker 1: and his father was a lawyer. His mother was an

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Speaker 1: aristocratic athlete, and so he came from a comfortable background

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Speaker 1: but one that was still pretty rigorous to Both of

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Speaker 1: his parents emphasized uh good morals and um kind of

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Speaker 1: a kind of a simple lifestyle almost. They both had

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Speaker 1: kids from earlier marriages and everybody, all the kids were

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Speaker 1: encouraged to participate in sports which were really getting a

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Speaker 1: lot more popular at this time with the upper classes,

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Speaker 1: especially winter sports in Norway, and all of that dovetailed

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Speaker 1: to a bit with a nature craze. Perfect place to

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Speaker 1: grow up with these woods and countryside and opportunities to

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Speaker 1: get out there and experience nature all around him. And

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Speaker 1: Nonson didn't just grow up playing one sport. He grew

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Speaker 1: up swimming, tumbling, fishing, hiking, skating, and skiing. Ultimately he

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Speaker 1: got to a point where he could ski fifty miles

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Speaker 1: a day with just his dog for company. So imagine

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Speaker 1: skiing the distance of a marathon and then skiing back again.

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Speaker 1: And I mean, I haven't done it, but I've always

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Speaker 1: heard that cross country skiing is incredibly grueling, one of

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Speaker 1: the highest calorie burning sports that's out there. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: haven't done it either, but it looks tough. When it

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Speaker 1: came time to choose a field of study, nonsense father

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Speaker 1: pushed him toward attending the Officers Academy, figuring tuition was

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Speaker 1: free and that the lifestyle would allow his son the

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Speaker 1: chance to continue the outdoor pursuits that he loves so much.

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Speaker 1: But nonsense art teacher, on the other hand, pushed him

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Speaker 1: to become a painter and professional artist, but Nonson decided

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Speaker 1: to go to university and study zoology instead. It was

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Speaker 1: a profession that he hoped would allow him to get

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Speaker 1: outdoors and sketch, so kind of the best of both world.

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Speaker 1: That's what he was hoping for, and he, being a

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Speaker 1: smart kid, really might have easily just gone to university

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Speaker 1: and continued in that scientific career, you know, maybe even

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Speaker 1: done so quite successfully, had it not been for an

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Speaker 1: offer that came up a year into college from one

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Speaker 1: of his father's friends who was looking for a zoology

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Speaker 1: student to join a whale and seal hunting expedition in

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Speaker 1: the Arctic Ocean aboard a ship called the Viking. Kind

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Speaker 1: of like he wanted an internal board or something almost

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Speaker 1: so Nonsen went on this four and a half month

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Speaker 1: long trip and took the time to study everything he saw, animals,

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Speaker 1: ice formations, currents, the northern lights. He'd take notes on

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Speaker 1: it all, he would do sketches, he'd take photos constantly,

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Speaker 1: really working quite diligently so when he came home he

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Speaker 1: put it all together, wrote a book and started dreaming

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Speaker 1: of going back. That was the most important part of

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Speaker 1: this expedition for him, on the Viking Arctic bug that

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Speaker 1: he caught. He also got a really sweet job after that,

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Speaker 1: and remember he's still only one year into college at

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Speaker 1: this point. His job was as the zoological curator at

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Speaker 1: the Bargain Museum. Bargain was one of Norway's most cosmopolitan

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Speaker 1: cities and had a strong scientific community, so Nanson got

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Speaker 1: to work with Daniel C. Danielson, an Arctic explorer from

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Speaker 1: the eighteen seventies, and his son in law, Dr. Gerhardt Hanson,

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Speaker 1: who discovered the leprosy Vassilists. He also made John's to

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Speaker 1: Germany and to Italy to work in some of the

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Speaker 1: continent's top labs, and the only thing that he didn't

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Speaker 1: like about this was the temperate winter. In eight four,

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Speaker 1: he skied across Norway from Bargain to Christiania in order

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Speaker 1: to take part in a ski jumping across country competition.

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Speaker 1: I think that was his first major athletic accomplishment or

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Speaker 1: public athletic accomplishment. Yeah, I got a lot of press

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Speaker 1: writing across Norway. Yes, it sounds like it would be

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Speaker 1: a difficult thing to do. But all of this time,

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Speaker 1: you know, ski jumping competitions, he was doing his research,

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Speaker 1: and in eighty eight he defended his dissertation on the

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Speaker 1: central nervous systems of certain lower vertebrates. And uh, the

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Speaker 1: really interesting thing about this, I mean, I think it

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Speaker 1: was a well received dissertation on its own, but what

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Speaker 1: interests me about it is that he translated it himself.

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Speaker 1: He spoke five different languages. He translated it into other

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Speaker 1: languages and kind of abbreviated it to made it more readable,

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Speaker 1: sort of maybe more like the Scientific American version of

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Speaker 1: his dissertation, so that it would get a wider readership

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Speaker 1: and people could see what he was working on. And

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Speaker 1: we've talked already about how great of an artist he was.

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Speaker 1: He illustrated it himself with his own lithographs, and he

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Speaker 1: used a device called a camera Lucida to copy directly

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Speaker 1: from the microscope to lithographical stone. So you can look

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Speaker 1: up his dissertation online and see these illustrations, and they

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Speaker 1: really do look like line drawings of what you would

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Speaker 1: under a microscope. So he did a really great job

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Speaker 1: with this and after that the job offer started rolling in,

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Speaker 1: but Nonson turned them down. He had something else on

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Speaker 1: his mind at the time, and that was a polar exploration.

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Speaker 1: He had caught that bag so years earlier. Actually, immediately

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Speaker 1: after returning from the Viking expedition, Nonson had started thinking

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Speaker 1: about maybe a trip to Greenland. Yeah, and he decided

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Speaker 1: to start with what he knew best, which was skiing.

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Speaker 1: In the eighteen eighties, the interior of Greenland was still unexplored,

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Speaker 1: and many people even believed that it might be ice free. Nonson, however,

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Speaker 1: believed it was not only icy but passable, and so

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Speaker 1: he decided he'd ski from Greenland's remote east coast to

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Speaker 1: its inhabited west. And this was just crazy. I mean

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Speaker 1: everyone thought that this was a crazy idea. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: mean crazy is the right word to describe it. That

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Speaker 1: is what people people thought, or suicidal maybe, because skiing

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Speaker 1: east to west meant there would be no retreat, you know,

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Speaker 1: you couldn't decide um a few days, a few weeks

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Speaker 1: in to turn back and go back to the houses.

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Speaker 1: If winter was approaching too fast, you'd be stuck. And

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Speaker 1: then also another thing that disturbed people was that there

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Speaker 1: would be no base, and if you think about a

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Speaker 1: lot of the polar exploration episodes we've talked about, there

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Speaker 1: is usually a base and they go on these little

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Speaker 1: dashes from the base to to try to reach their goal. Uh.

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Speaker 1: The other thing that people were disturbed by was that

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Speaker 1: he was planning on going with skis, so no sleds,

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Speaker 1: no dogs, and that of course means that you can

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Speaker 1: only bring what you can carry and still be able

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Speaker 1: to ski across glaciers. Yeah. His Nobel Prize biography describes

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Speaker 1: it like this quote. In nine explaining his philosophy to

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Speaker 1: the students at St. Andrew's and his rictorial address, Nonson

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Speaker 1: said that a line of retreat from a proposed action

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Speaker 1: was a snare, and that one should burn his votes

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Speaker 1: behind him so that there is no choice but to

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Speaker 1: go forward. So I've seen this covered a few different

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Speaker 1: ways than different sources, kind of as a metaphoric thing,

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Speaker 1: burning boats, burning bridges. Where has he really burned his boat?

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Speaker 1: So I am curious to learn any more about that.

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Speaker 1: If if anybody knows or has read um more on

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Speaker 1: nonsense in this boat burning potential, it seems like your

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Speaker 1: line of retreat would already be removed even if the

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Speaker 1: boats were still there the time to burn the why

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Speaker 1: take them unless you just wanted one last big, warm

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Speaker 1: boss fire. Um. So. Consequently, because of the nature of

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Speaker 1: this expedition, Nonsen had trouble funding what seemed like suicide

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Speaker 1: to a lot of people. He finally got a grant

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Speaker 1: from a Danish politician and formed a five member team.

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Speaker 1: There were three Norwegians and two saw Me and UH

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Speaker 1: had a lot of trouble getting going on the mission

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Speaker 1: to or on the expedition. There were many delays and

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Speaker 1: UH they couldn't even start ascending the Eland Glacier until

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Speaker 1: about mid August, by which point Arctic summer was kind

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Speaker 1: of coming to an end and one of the crucial

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Speaker 1: things with to be able to make it across the

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Speaker 1: glacier before winter set in. So the party skied nine

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Speaker 1: thousand feet above sea level and temperatures as low as

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Speaker 1: negative forty nine degrees fahrenheit, with no choice but to

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Speaker 1: just keep on going. They had brought along some pemmican, which,

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Speaker 1: as I understand it is kind of like the original

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Speaker 1: power bar but portable food. But the mixture didn't have

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Speaker 1: enough fat in it, which was really I mean, they

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Speaker 1: were close to starvation. Well, they were suffering a lot

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Speaker 1: from that and um fortunately though, they were able to

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Speaker 1: have enough strength to keep going, and by late September

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Speaker 1: they reached the west coast, and by early October they

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Speaker 1: got to a settled area. Here another happy accident happened

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Speaker 1: for Nonsense Life. The last boat had left two months earlier,

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Speaker 1: so that it sounds like a bad It sounds like

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Speaker 1: a bad thing, but it did give him any other

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Speaker 1: spoor as a chance to spend the winter with the

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Speaker 1: local population. So Nonson took full advantage of this. He hunted,

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Speaker 1: he sketched, he learned to kayak, He made friends, so

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Speaker 1: when he came home to what was a hero's welcome,

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Speaker 1: he had enough material for two books, the First Crossing

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Speaker 1: of Greenland, which was published in eighteen ninety and Eskimo Life,

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Speaker 1: which was published in and that stint with the with

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Speaker 1: the people, they're learning how to kayak, learning how to

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Speaker 1: survive in these temperatures, really did prove vital for his

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Speaker 1: survival later on. And just kind of a high note

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Speaker 1: too that I really like. In addition to providing a

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Speaker 1: lot of new information about Greenland and its people and

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Speaker 1: their customs and just the Greenland topography. To the trip

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Speaker 1: was this huge pr campaign for skating, which was, as

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Speaker 1: we've mentioned, you know, something that was still kind of

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Speaker 1: catching on getting more popular. Kids started to form nonsin

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Speaker 1: clubs where they would go out and ski and do

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Speaker 1: outdoors the kind of pursuits, and um, he was a

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Speaker 1: really great ambassador for this, and I think this is

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Speaker 1: how he looked too. Nonsen is a popular suggestion, and

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Speaker 1: I wonder how much of it has to do with

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Speaker 1: the very impressive mustache he sported. I know, I think

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Speaker 1: Tico would be jealous. I think he would, Well, you

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Speaker 1: were hoping for a mustache exhumation if we're gonna really

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Speaker 1: lay it all out there, yeah, if we're going to

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Speaker 1: be honest, I wasn't just hoping for a regular exhamation.

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Speaker 1: We're hoping for another mustache exclamation, but really, like, go

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Speaker 1: look him up though. He's got a look of a

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Speaker 1: polar explorer, and I think that it will help too

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Speaker 1: when if Billy Idol were a Polar explorer. He does

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Speaker 1: look a lot like Billy Idol with the mustache. But

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Speaker 1: I think especially in the second episode where we talk

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Speaker 1: about some of his diplomatic work. People talk about his presence,

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Speaker 1: the presence he had, and the confidence he had, and

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Speaker 1: I think that that really comes across in pictures of

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Speaker 1: him and will help all of that makes sense. So

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Speaker 1: Nonson was a new hero not only of skiing but

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Speaker 1: of exploration, and he spent the next four years writing

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Speaker 1: and working as a curator of the Zotomical Institute of

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Speaker 1: the University of Oslo. He also married Avis Stars, a singer,

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Speaker 1: a daughter of a marine zoologist and an avid outdoors woman.

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Speaker 1: You can find pictures of her too, in a pretty

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Speaker 1: awesome little ski costume. I mean, and by little, I

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Speaker 1: do not mean little in anyway. It's got a large

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Speaker 1: skirt and full coverage. But by summer one Nonsen had

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Speaker 1: that polar itch again. He started to plan another trip,

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Speaker 1: and to understand his reasons for settling on this particular trip,

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Speaker 1: we have to go back a little bit back in

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Speaker 1: eighteen seventy nine, the American ship the US S. Jeanette,

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Speaker 1: had gotten caught in ice north of Siberia, and that's

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Speaker 1: pretty bad news. But the ship managed to hold together

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Speaker 1: and drift along for about twenty one months before finally

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Speaker 1: the coming to the pressure of the ice. From my

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Speaker 1: understanding of how this happens, the ice, you know, forms

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Speaker 1: around your boat, starts to cause immense pressure, eventually starts

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Speaker 1: to break up the boat and pull it down. So

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Speaker 1: that's what happened to the Jenette, and half of the

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Speaker 1: crew ultimately died trying to make a dash back to Siberia.

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Speaker 1: In three years later, though, remnants of the Jenette washed

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Speaker 1: up in Greenland and it was a major discovery and

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Speaker 1: that it proved the theory that currents went east to

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Speaker 1: west over the Arctic. So nonsense saw the news of

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Speaker 1: the Jennette and thought, Hey, if I had a boat

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Speaker 1: that didn't get crushed by the ice, I could ride

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Speaker 1: that current and maybe go right over the North Pole.

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Speaker 1: Sounds kind of crazy again, It sounds like part two

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Speaker 1: to Crazy Idea Land. And it was a really bold idea,

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Speaker 1: but it was one that wisely worked off of observation

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Speaker 1: and careful planning rather than the previous model we've alluded

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Speaker 1: to a little bit of arctic assault. Really, you know,

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Speaker 1: you get out there with like fifty to a hundred

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Speaker 1: guys and just go with the techniques, you know, don't

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Speaker 1: adapt to the climate. Really just bundle up and make

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Speaker 1: a dash for it, a technique that obviously often ended

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Speaker 1: in tragedy. There's a National and Geographic article by Hampton's

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Speaker 1: Sides on Nonsense expedition, and it quotes a nonsense biographer

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Speaker 1: named Roland Huntford as saying that it was very unusual

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Speaker 1: for an explorer to quote take note of the forces

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Speaker 1: of nature and try to work with them and not

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Speaker 1: against them. So to pay attention to what way the

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Speaker 1: currents were going. Think that maybe you could let yourself

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Speaker 1: be iced in and just literally go with the flow

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Speaker 1: instead of instead of just throwing everything you had at it.

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Speaker 1: It took some planning, though, to figure out exactly how

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Speaker 1: to work with nature in this way, I mean, Nonsen

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Speaker 1: had to put a lot of time and thought into this.

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Speaker 1: So the first step was the ship. Of course, Nonson

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Speaker 1: got together with the shipbuilder call An Archer, to design

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Speaker 1: a vessel that wouldn't be crushed by the ice pack,

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Speaker 1: one that would be pushed up instead of pulled down.

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Speaker 1: He also decided that for the mission to work, it

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Speaker 1: would have to be very small, so he started gathering

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Speaker 1: supplies for four or five years for about a dozen men,

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Speaker 1: so a really innovative way of thinking about it. Every

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Speaker 1: detail of spending years trapped an Arctic ice had to

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Speaker 1: be considered very carefully, from the strength of the whole

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Speaker 1: to the sanity of the men. The rudder and propeller,

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Speaker 1: for example, could be pulled up as ice moved in.

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Speaker 1: An insulation of reindeer hair, felt cork and tar kept

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Speaker 1: things warmer inside, and a windmill powered electric lights that

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Speaker 1: would keep the men in high spirits during those dark

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Speaker 1: polar winters, allowing them to read from a six hundred

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Speaker 1: book library that had been collected, listened to an automatic

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Speaker 1: organ or chat in the saloon that was created on

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Speaker 1: the vessel, which you know, maybe that sounds fruvolous, but

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Speaker 1: if you're seriously planning to be in the ice for

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Speaker 1: four or five years, in the dark for much of

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Speaker 1: that time, you know, you've got to take into account

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Speaker 1: the mental well being, yeah, the spirit of the of

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Speaker 1: the men. So Nansen's wife named the ship the From

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Speaker 1: which means forward, appropriately enough, and the expedition set off

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Speaker 1: in June from Oslo, headed towards the New Siberian Islands,

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Speaker 1: and by September they did what they were hoping to do.

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Speaker 1: The ship was frozen in and you can imagine how

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Speaker 1: harrowing that would be, waiting to see if it was

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Speaker 1: gonna work, or whether your ship would actually think. And

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Speaker 1: here's how Nonsen himself described it. He said, a deafening

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Speaker 1: noise began, and the whole ship shook. The noise steadily

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Speaker 1: grows till it is like all the pipes of an organ.

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Speaker 1: Two days after that, he wrote that the ice is

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Speaker 1: trying it's very utmost grind the From into powder. But

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Speaker 1: that construction worked. The ship held together, it didn't sink,

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Speaker 1: and the From was able to ride the drift, and

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Speaker 1: the crew did entertain themselves with scientific research and ski

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Speaker 1: trips and even a self published newspaper, which sounds very

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Speaker 1: interesting big events of the day. The drift, however, was

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Speaker 1: unpredictable and really slow, so Nonsense started to worry that

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Speaker 1: they'd never be able to get far enough north to

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Speaker 1: reach the pole, and that the whole thing might actually

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Speaker 1: take something like six to seven years instead of four

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Speaker 1: to five. So he had to make a major decision.

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Speaker 1: He decided to take one comrade a pack of dogs

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Speaker 1: and leave the relatively cushy newspaper filled from to make

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Speaker 1: a dash for the pole. The only problem here though,

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Speaker 1: was that besides bad maps, killer temperatures, and slushy ice,

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Speaker 1: there'd be no way that he could catch up with

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Speaker 1: the From when he was done. So the From of

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Speaker 1: course would have drifted too far for him to make

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Speaker 1: it back by then. So to go out on this

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Speaker 1: dash to the poll, he would have to find the

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Speaker 1: pole and then come back and then try to find

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Speaker 1: solid land civilization, or just be left out there on

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Speaker 1: the ice to die. So that's where we're going to

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Speaker 1: leave off. In the next episode, we have a polar

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Speaker 1: bear attack, a Nobel Prize, and because we did mention

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Speaker 1: that Nelson had a pretty impressive later career to saving

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Speaker 1: an estimated seven to twenty two million Russians from starvation,

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Speaker 1: and we do mean millions. So sometimes it's it's a

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Speaker 1: smart to be careful with your polar expedition planning because

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Speaker 1: you have great things ahead of you. Well, keeping with

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Speaker 1: this exploration theme, we're now going to move on to

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Speaker 1: a listener mail. So Delena, remember this summer when we

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Speaker 1: got a lot of postcards from a girl who was

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Speaker 1: taking a grand tour around Europe. I do that was

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Speaker 1: a pretty good postcard collection, as they're very impressive, and

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Speaker 1: I liked how she would tell us what she was

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Speaker 1: doing when she was when she was writing a postcard,

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Speaker 1: where she was sitting in these amazing which podcast she

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Speaker 1: listened to, which it was very fun. So I think

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Speaker 1: we have a kind of part two of that from

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Speaker 1: listener Hillary, who is sending us postcards while she's taking

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Speaker 1: a violin tour. She's violinist and she's touring around Europe

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Speaker 1: maybe beyond. She was in Hanover, Germany when she sent

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Speaker 1: us her first card. But I really like something she wrote.

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Speaker 1: She said that I've been particularly enjoying the episodes about

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Speaker 1: things that happened in the Civil War era. Is my

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Speaker 1: violin was made in eighteen sixty four in France. Caring

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Speaker 1: about that time is like finding out fascinating backtoys about

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Speaker 1: someone you know very well. Because I spent a lot

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Speaker 1: of time with this violin and it definitely has a personality.

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Speaker 1: So I thought that was such a neat commentary because

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Speaker 1: you obviously can't know a person who was born in

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Speaker 1: eighteen sixty four. I don't think there are any of

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Speaker 1: them left, but you can be so familiar with an instrument,

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Speaker 1: you know, as a professional violinist who spends much of

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Speaker 1: her time with this, this thing from eighteen sixty four,

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Speaker 1: and feels the connection to that that time, you know,

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Speaker 1: a very real connection. And whoever played that violin before well,

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Speaker 1: and presumably all the people who who've played it before,

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Speaker 1: and the person who made it. And um, I just

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Speaker 1: thought that was very neat. So Hillary has also sent

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Speaker 1: us a couple of postcards. Um. One of them is

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Speaker 1: from Palermo. I think that might be my favorite. It's

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Speaker 1: the Church of the Marcharana. And I think that while

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Speaker 1: you're googling pictures of Nonsen and his wife and skis, um,

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Speaker 1: you could go ahead and google this church too, because

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Speaker 1: to me it almost looks like three scoops of pink

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Speaker 1: sherbet on top. I mean that was I thought it

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Speaker 1: was a photoshopped or something when I first looked at it,

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Speaker 1: just because the colors though striking. Um. She wrote to

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Speaker 1: us too that she she must have felt the same way.

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Speaker 1: She said that it was so visually memorable that she

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Speaker 1: had to send it instead of a more dignified one.

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Speaker 1: She probably wrote that because the postcard does have a

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Speaker 1: again sherbet hued title above, labeling it his Lermo. But anyway, Hillary,

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Speaker 1: Thank you so much for keeping us up with your

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Speaker 1: travels and good luck with all your performances. And if

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Speaker 1: you would like to send us some information about your

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Speaker 1: own travels or history podcasts that have taken you places,

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00:23:32,160 --> 00:23:34,679
Speaker 1: or ideas that you have for future podcasts, you can

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Speaker 1: write us at History podcast at how stuff works dot com,

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00:23:37,280 --> 00:23:38,879
Speaker 1: or you can look us up on Facebook or on

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Speaker 1: Twitter and mist in history. And if you want to

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00:23:41,520 --> 00:23:44,800
Speaker 1: learn a little bit more about nobs whose favorite sport,

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00:23:44,880 --> 00:23:48,399
Speaker 1: we do have an article called how cross country Skiing works,

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Speaker 1: and you can find it by searching on our home

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00:23:50,840 --> 00:23:58,320
Speaker 1: page at www dot how stuff where It's dot com.

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00:23:58,440 --> 00:24:01,000
Speaker 1: Be sure to check out our new video podcast, Stuff

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00:24:01,080 --> 00:24:03,679
Speaker 1: from the Future. Join how staf work staff as we

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00:24:03,760 --> 00:24:08,240
Speaker 1: explore the most promising and perplexing possibilities of tomorrow. The

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00:24:08,320 --> 00:24:11,320
Speaker 1: Houstuff Works iPhone app has a ride. Download it today

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Speaker 1: on iTunes