1 00:00:01,080 --> 00:00:04,040 Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, it's Josh and Chuck your friends, and we 2 00:00:04,120 --> 00:00:06,960 Speaker 1: are here to tell you about our upcoming book that's 3 00:00:06,960 --> 00:00:10,120 Speaker 1: coming out this fall, the first ever Stuff you Should 4 00:00:10,160 --> 00:00:13,240 Speaker 1: Know book, Chuck. That's right. What's the cool, super cool 5 00:00:13,240 --> 00:00:16,680 Speaker 1: title we came up with. It's Stuff you Should Know colon, 6 00:00:17,200 --> 00:00:21,520 Speaker 1: an incomplete compendium of mostly interesting things. That's right, and 7 00:00:21,560 --> 00:00:24,600 Speaker 1: it's coming along so great. We're super excited, you guys. 8 00:00:24,800 --> 00:00:29,080 Speaker 1: The illustrations are amazing, and there's the look of the book. 9 00:00:29,120 --> 00:00:31,720 Speaker 1: It's all just it's exactly what we hoped it would be. 10 00:00:31,720 --> 00:00:33,480 Speaker 1: And we cannot wait for you to get your hands 11 00:00:33,479 --> 00:00:35,800 Speaker 1: on it. Yes, we can't. Um and you don't have 12 00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:37,519 Speaker 1: to wait. Actually, well you do have to wait, but 13 00:00:37,560 --> 00:00:39,479 Speaker 1: you don't have to wait to order. You can go 14 00:00:39,560 --> 00:00:42,839 Speaker 1: pre order the book right now everywhere you get books, 15 00:00:43,240 --> 00:00:47,680 Speaker 1: and you will eventually get a special gift for pre ordering, 16 00:00:47,720 --> 00:00:50,480 Speaker 1: which we're working on right now. That's right, So check 17 00:00:50,479 --> 00:00:54,120 Speaker 1: it out soon coming this fall. Welcome to Stuff you 18 00:00:54,120 --> 00:01:03,480 Speaker 1: Should Know, a production of My Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, 19 00:01:03,560 --> 00:01:06,760 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, There's Charles W. 20 00:01:06,959 --> 00:01:10,240 Speaker 1: Chuck Chuck, Jane Chucker Bryant, and this is stuff you 21 00:01:10,280 --> 00:01:16,920 Speaker 1: should know, the super gross, but I love it. Addition, uh, 22 00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:21,520 Speaker 1: big time trigger warning for people. This is about tape worms. 23 00:01:22,360 --> 00:01:26,280 Speaker 1: It is disgusting and super creepy and gross, and I 24 00:01:26,360 --> 00:01:28,399 Speaker 1: knew that you would love it. It's so great, it's 25 00:01:28,440 --> 00:01:32,279 Speaker 1: so great. It's just so crazy. We're going all the way. Baby. 26 00:01:32,560 --> 00:01:36,399 Speaker 1: The word perianus comes up at least once, and not 27 00:01:36,520 --> 00:01:40,520 Speaker 1: in a good way. Oh man, Perry As he was 28 00:01:40,520 --> 00:01:44,480 Speaker 1: a good guy. He was that's I've ever had was 29 00:01:44,600 --> 00:01:48,080 Speaker 1: Oh he was? Was he? Uh? Was he the one 30 00:01:48,120 --> 00:01:52,160 Speaker 1: who who made himself everybody's secret saying every year that's right, 31 00:01:52,440 --> 00:01:55,760 Speaker 1: you know, old perry Anus uh down on him and 32 00:01:56,160 --> 00:02:04,320 Speaker 1: he would he would sign his name perianus parentheses saw ari. Uh. Well, 33 00:02:04,480 --> 00:02:09,960 Speaker 1: if you don't know what perenus is, just buckle up, because, 34 00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:12,400 Speaker 1: like you said, Chuck, it's going to be quite a 35 00:02:12,480 --> 00:02:14,840 Speaker 1: ride because we are talking about tape worms, and we're 36 00:02:14,880 --> 00:02:18,160 Speaker 1: not talking just about tape worms. We're talking about the 37 00:02:18,200 --> 00:02:24,120 Speaker 1: idea of taking a tapeworm, ingesting it, and letting it 38 00:02:24,280 --> 00:02:26,919 Speaker 1: live and grow in your body and the hopes that 39 00:02:27,080 --> 00:02:32,040 Speaker 1: it will uh divert enough nutrients and calories away from 40 00:02:32,080 --> 00:02:34,680 Speaker 1: you that you can just eat whatever you want and 41 00:02:34,720 --> 00:02:37,919 Speaker 1: lose weight at the same time because you're not getting fatter. 42 00:02:38,320 --> 00:02:42,320 Speaker 1: The tapeworm is right, but we're mainly just talking about 43 00:02:42,360 --> 00:02:45,480 Speaker 1: tape worms because well, I don't want to issue a 44 00:02:45,520 --> 00:02:49,639 Speaker 1: spoiler this really seriously, We'll save that for Act three. 45 00:02:50,320 --> 00:02:54,519 Speaker 1: So tape worms. Uh. This is from our old house 46 00:02:54,520 --> 00:02:57,360 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com website, which is nice to find 47 00:02:57,400 --> 00:03:00,880 Speaker 1: one of these. It is a little hidden gym hanging out. 48 00:03:01,240 --> 00:03:05,000 Speaker 1: This is a grab store article, originally just hidden in 49 00:03:05,120 --> 00:03:08,240 Speaker 1: the anus, waiting for us to discover it. That's right. 50 00:03:08,560 --> 00:03:11,760 Speaker 1: Actually it crawled its way out and dropped it at 51 00:03:11,800 --> 00:03:15,840 Speaker 1: my feet. So tapeworms. The very first line of this 52 00:03:16,040 --> 00:03:18,240 Speaker 1: article is a tapeworm is like something out of a 53 00:03:18,240 --> 00:03:22,240 Speaker 1: horror movie, and it really is. It is this wormy, 54 00:03:22,320 --> 00:03:26,600 Speaker 1: little ribbon shaped creature that is a parasite in every 55 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:30,200 Speaker 1: sense of the word. They can be very big. It 56 00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:32,919 Speaker 1: can be as big as eighty ft long, and they 57 00:03:32,919 --> 00:03:38,240 Speaker 1: can live in a host for up to thirty years. Yeah. Like, 58 00:03:38,520 --> 00:03:41,840 Speaker 1: you could get a tapeworm as a kid, and that 59 00:03:41,920 --> 00:03:45,119 Speaker 1: thing might be with you through every formative experience you've 60 00:03:45,120 --> 00:03:47,640 Speaker 1: ever had, and you might actually be sad when it 61 00:03:47,840 --> 00:03:50,840 Speaker 1: calls out of your anus and detaches itself from you. 62 00:03:51,600 --> 00:03:54,480 Speaker 1: That sounds like a Simpsons episode or something kind of Yeah, 63 00:03:55,040 --> 00:04:01,560 Speaker 1: maybe a little more like um Cleveland show. Um. The 64 00:04:01,600 --> 00:04:04,200 Speaker 1: good news is, uh, if you don't live in a 65 00:04:04,240 --> 00:04:08,640 Speaker 1: developing nation, then you probably don't need to worry about 66 00:04:08,680 --> 00:04:12,120 Speaker 1: a tapeworm, although it can still happen, to be sure, 67 00:04:13,200 --> 00:04:18,880 Speaker 1: but with good hygiene, good hand washing, good livestock practices, 68 00:04:19,200 --> 00:04:24,360 Speaker 1: and good um just feak overall fecal and food handling practices, 69 00:04:25,000 --> 00:04:27,479 Speaker 1: it's not likely to be an issue with you. Yeah, 70 00:04:27,640 --> 00:04:32,400 Speaker 1: great practice livestock, great practice everybody. Yeah, So if you 71 00:04:32,440 --> 00:04:36,599 Speaker 1: are in the developing world, Um, you there is a 72 00:04:36,640 --> 00:04:39,440 Speaker 1: good chance that you can get a tapeworm because in 73 00:04:39,480 --> 00:04:44,040 Speaker 1: some cases, uh, sanitation is not as great as you 74 00:04:44,040 --> 00:04:46,599 Speaker 1: would like it to be, and there's more poop hanging 75 00:04:46,640 --> 00:04:50,400 Speaker 1: around than then there should be, or that there there 76 00:04:50,440 --> 00:04:55,480 Speaker 1: could be considering other modern practices. And then even beyond that, um, 77 00:04:55,600 --> 00:05:00,520 Speaker 1: there's a lot more living among livestock then there are, 78 00:05:00,520 --> 00:05:03,839 Speaker 1: and say like developed urban areas. Right, so even in 79 00:05:03,880 --> 00:05:07,359 Speaker 1: the developed world, there there if you go outside of 80 00:05:07,360 --> 00:05:09,960 Speaker 1: the urban areas and you start running up against pigs 81 00:05:09,960 --> 00:05:12,920 Speaker 1: and cows and their poop and stuff like that, um, 82 00:05:13,080 --> 00:05:17,080 Speaker 1: you can conceivably catch the tapeworm fairly easily, especially if 83 00:05:17,120 --> 00:05:21,400 Speaker 1: you're not really big into hand washing, sure, which you 84 00:05:21,440 --> 00:05:25,359 Speaker 1: should be if you're around poop from animals or humans 85 00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:28,320 Speaker 1: or any kind of poop. Yeah, just any time there's 86 00:05:28,360 --> 00:05:31,880 Speaker 1: even any kind of coincidence of poop in your hands, 87 00:05:32,320 --> 00:05:36,680 Speaker 1: even possibly, just take twenty seconds, recite the alphabet, and 88 00:05:36,720 --> 00:05:39,200 Speaker 1: wash your hands, because if you don't, you might get 89 00:05:39,240 --> 00:05:41,920 Speaker 1: some of that fecal material in your mouth and a 90 00:05:42,040 --> 00:05:46,080 Speaker 1: board that fecal material can be um tapeworm eggs, and 91 00:05:46,120 --> 00:05:48,680 Speaker 1: that is how you get a tapeworm infection. One way. 92 00:05:48,760 --> 00:05:51,640 Speaker 1: In the developed world, you're much more likely to get 93 00:05:51,680 --> 00:05:56,719 Speaker 1: it from something like eating undercooked meat. Right. I've never 94 00:05:56,760 --> 00:06:00,800 Speaker 1: even had pink eye. Oh really never. It's not a 95 00:06:00,839 --> 00:06:05,160 Speaker 1: pleasant experience. Chunk, all right, pop, Yeah, I got some 96 00:06:05,160 --> 00:06:08,080 Speaker 1: FeCO material in my own eye a couple of times, 97 00:06:08,120 --> 00:06:11,440 Speaker 1: I guess poop by the sailor man. Yeah, Like I 98 00:06:11,480 --> 00:06:13,920 Speaker 1: was sniffing my fingers and I guess I got too 99 00:06:13,920 --> 00:06:17,800 Speaker 1: close to my eye. Then you got your nose confused 100 00:06:17,800 --> 00:06:20,719 Speaker 1: with your eyeball right again, Right, I had a little 101 00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:22,719 Speaker 1: itch and I was like, oh no, what have I done? 102 00:06:22,880 --> 00:06:26,640 Speaker 1: And it was too late. So parasites, like I said, 103 00:06:26,640 --> 00:06:30,839 Speaker 1: A tapeworms, like I said, are true parasites. Um. Everything 104 00:06:30,880 --> 00:06:36,000 Speaker 1: that it gets that it needs it gets from its host, right, 105 00:06:36,320 --> 00:06:39,680 Speaker 1: and like that's how it lives. Man. It just it is, 106 00:06:39,839 --> 00:06:43,120 Speaker 1: like you said, a true parasite in that, like all 107 00:06:43,160 --> 00:06:45,080 Speaker 1: those things that you're supposed to be getting from the 108 00:06:45,080 --> 00:06:47,680 Speaker 1: food you eat, some of it is being diverted by 109 00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:53,120 Speaker 1: to the tapeworm um and they absorb nutrients like gangbusters. 110 00:06:53,240 --> 00:06:56,320 Speaker 1: They actually don't have a mouth, which is weird because 111 00:06:56,320 --> 00:06:58,760 Speaker 1: it looks like they have several mouths, but they actually 112 00:06:58,839 --> 00:07:02,920 Speaker 1: use those mouths to hang onto your intestines inside so 113 00:07:03,000 --> 00:07:05,599 Speaker 1: that they don't get flushed out by the paristalic action 114 00:07:05,680 --> 00:07:09,120 Speaker 1: that you know, helps move poop and stuff along your intestines, 115 00:07:09,440 --> 00:07:12,680 Speaker 1: and instead the tapewormage is kind of floating there absorbing 116 00:07:12,800 --> 00:07:17,400 Speaker 1: nutrients in the matrix of your gut juices basically, and 117 00:07:17,440 --> 00:07:20,920 Speaker 1: they absorb it. They absorb it through their skin um 118 00:07:20,960 --> 00:07:23,640 Speaker 1: and they're just really good at it, so much so 119 00:07:23,720 --> 00:07:27,000 Speaker 1: that there's at least one type of uh tapeworm out 120 00:07:27,000 --> 00:07:29,600 Speaker 1: there that you can actually get from eating undercooked fish 121 00:07:30,120 --> 00:07:33,880 Speaker 1: pike specifically. That's so good at absorbing B twelve. It 122 00:07:33,920 --> 00:07:37,440 Speaker 1: can outcompete you it's host, and you can get a 123 00:07:37,480 --> 00:07:42,080 Speaker 1: pretty bad vitamin B twelve deficiency as a result. Do so, 124 00:07:43,000 --> 00:07:46,880 Speaker 1: these tapeworms live in uh all kinds of host animals, 125 00:07:46,920 --> 00:07:49,080 Speaker 1: like they could you could be you or me. It 126 00:07:49,120 --> 00:07:53,320 Speaker 1: could be, like you said, a fish, which is pretty surprising. Um. 127 00:07:53,360 --> 00:07:57,520 Speaker 1: Most often you hear about beef and pigs or cow. 128 00:07:57,640 --> 00:08:01,560 Speaker 1: I guess it's the animal and pigs. Uh. But they 129 00:08:01,840 --> 00:08:03,840 Speaker 1: you know, depending what kind of species it is, it 130 00:08:03,960 --> 00:08:07,600 Speaker 1: might have a preference for a kind of host. And 131 00:08:08,560 --> 00:08:10,800 Speaker 1: I guess we should describe the body of this thing 132 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:17,040 Speaker 1: right now. It's it's pretty gross. It's got a a head. 133 00:08:17,160 --> 00:08:19,840 Speaker 1: I guess you would call it. I call it the 134 00:08:19,880 --> 00:08:23,480 Speaker 1: skull X. Yeah, it's called the skull ax skull X. 135 00:08:23,560 --> 00:08:27,080 Speaker 1: It's the top of the worm what we as humans 136 00:08:27,200 --> 00:08:29,960 Speaker 1: might call a head. Yeah, but it looks like an 137 00:08:30,000 --> 00:08:34,520 Speaker 1: old timey diving head diving helmet, you know what I mean. 138 00:08:35,160 --> 00:08:37,720 Speaker 1: It's it's round, it's got those suckers, so they look 139 00:08:37,760 --> 00:08:41,280 Speaker 1: like kind of the portholes on the old div diving helmet. Um. 140 00:08:41,760 --> 00:08:44,640 Speaker 1: And those again, those suckers, they look like mouths that 141 00:08:44,720 --> 00:08:46,840 Speaker 1: the thing would eat on, but no, they use it 142 00:08:46,880 --> 00:08:49,080 Speaker 1: to suck onto the sides of your intestine. But at 143 00:08:49,120 --> 00:08:51,959 Speaker 1: the top of the head um there are some hooks, 144 00:08:52,040 --> 00:08:56,320 Speaker 1: like a ring of hooks that actually latch onto the 145 00:08:56,760 --> 00:08:59,520 Speaker 1: like really grip onto the side of your intestinal wall, 146 00:08:59,600 --> 00:09:02,000 Speaker 1: so that that tapeworm, once it gets its hooks and 147 00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:04,840 Speaker 1: it suckers into your intestinal wall, it's not going anywhere. 148 00:09:06,080 --> 00:09:08,040 Speaker 1: You know, we should bring back the term skin diver. 149 00:09:09,160 --> 00:09:12,679 Speaker 1: Sure you remember that skin diver. Yeah, wasn't that like 150 00:09:12,760 --> 00:09:16,880 Speaker 1: a snorkeling. I think snorkeling or maybe even scuba is 151 00:09:16,920 --> 00:09:19,920 Speaker 1: just such an antiquated term, like nobody uses that anymore, No, 152 00:09:20,000 --> 00:09:22,360 Speaker 1: I know, because it makes no sense now, and it's 153 00:09:22,400 --> 00:09:25,280 Speaker 1: possible it never made any sense. Like I could see 154 00:09:25,320 --> 00:09:29,040 Speaker 1: someone's granddad now saying, you know, I'm gonna get certified 155 00:09:29,040 --> 00:09:30,880 Speaker 1: to be a skin diver, right, and then we're gonna 156 00:09:30,920 --> 00:09:34,720 Speaker 1: get me some pearls, and all the kids laughing Grandpa, 157 00:09:35,360 --> 00:09:38,800 Speaker 1: No one's his skin diver, right, And Grandpa was probably 158 00:09:38,800 --> 00:09:40,959 Speaker 1: saying a bunch of other stuff. Nobody says anymore to 159 00:09:41,080 --> 00:09:43,120 Speaker 1: you know what I mean? Yeah, I know what you mean. 160 00:09:43,720 --> 00:09:47,439 Speaker 1: So we're bringing skin diver back. What was the last 161 00:09:47,440 --> 00:09:49,880 Speaker 1: thing you said something about the skull X. I said 162 00:09:49,880 --> 00:09:52,880 Speaker 1: that once this thing gets his hooks and it's uh, 163 00:09:52,960 --> 00:09:56,440 Speaker 1: it's suckers into your intestinal wall, it's not going anywhere. Yeah, 164 00:09:56,559 --> 00:10:01,920 Speaker 1: like a good catchy tune. Yeah, like it your tape worm. 165 00:10:03,040 --> 00:10:06,079 Speaker 1: So if it wasn't for the skull x, uh, this 166 00:10:06,160 --> 00:10:08,920 Speaker 1: article points out, you know, the skull eos is the problem. 167 00:10:08,960 --> 00:10:12,440 Speaker 1: If it wasn't for this thing, that your intestines would 168 00:10:12,440 --> 00:10:14,440 Speaker 1: just churn it out and you'd poop it out, no problem. 169 00:10:14,520 --> 00:10:17,840 Speaker 1: But the skull X is really where the rubber meets 170 00:10:17,920 --> 00:10:19,960 Speaker 1: the road as far as attaching to your body and 171 00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:23,040 Speaker 1: that need to think that paristalic action I was talking about, Like, 172 00:10:23,120 --> 00:10:27,520 Speaker 1: that's just a bunch of like quivering muscles that move 173 00:10:28,240 --> 00:10:32,559 Speaker 1: in a progressive direction towards your your rectum and anus 174 00:10:32,600 --> 00:10:35,839 Speaker 1: and all that that push like poop out through your 175 00:10:35,840 --> 00:10:38,880 Speaker 1: intestines or push nutrients through and where they absorbed. But 176 00:10:38,920 --> 00:10:42,080 Speaker 1: then it ultimately like pushes the poop out um. And 177 00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:43,840 Speaker 1: that's how the whole thing works. It's just like some 178 00:10:43,960 --> 00:10:47,360 Speaker 1: quivering muscles in there. And I read Chuck that if 179 00:10:47,400 --> 00:10:51,720 Speaker 1: you take a stimulant um laxative, that that's actually what 180 00:10:51,760 --> 00:10:54,599 Speaker 1: it does is it really kind of um energizes and 181 00:10:54,679 --> 00:10:57,880 Speaker 1: makes those muscles contract, which is good on the one 182 00:10:57,880 --> 00:11:00,120 Speaker 1: hand because it really works. But on the other and 183 00:11:00,640 --> 00:11:03,400 Speaker 1: it's bad because your body becomes dependent on those things 184 00:11:03,559 --> 00:11:06,400 Speaker 1: really quickly. So you don't want to just take those 185 00:11:06,440 --> 00:11:08,680 Speaker 1: willy nilly from what I saw. You want to try 186 00:11:08,760 --> 00:11:11,120 Speaker 1: just about every other type of laxative there is. First 187 00:11:11,440 --> 00:11:15,760 Speaker 1: starting with a diet high and insoluble fiber, and then 188 00:11:16,040 --> 00:11:17,920 Speaker 1: work your way on up to where you're talking to 189 00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:21,320 Speaker 1: a doctor or a nurse practitioner or something before you're 190 00:11:21,400 --> 00:11:26,440 Speaker 1: hitting those those um stimulant laxatives. Yeah, I think the 191 00:11:26,480 --> 00:11:30,079 Speaker 1: word laxative it's sort of is backward because it it 192 00:11:30,960 --> 00:11:34,800 Speaker 1: makes it sound like it's relaxing everything, when in fact 193 00:11:34,840 --> 00:11:37,880 Speaker 1: it's making everything work harder. It's pretty interesting. It's all 194 00:11:37,960 --> 00:11:41,079 Speaker 1: upside down and dipsy do. But I'll tell you what. 195 00:11:41,200 --> 00:11:43,560 Speaker 1: There's a bunch of signs along the way that say 196 00:11:43,600 --> 00:11:47,760 Speaker 1: one way, one way, everybody. You're going this way whether 197 00:11:47,760 --> 00:11:52,360 Speaker 1: you like it or not. Right, So, the sculex is 198 00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:54,680 Speaker 1: the is, like I said, where you're you're sticking to 199 00:11:54,720 --> 00:11:58,160 Speaker 1: the intestine, and then below the skull x is the 200 00:11:58,240 --> 00:12:02,160 Speaker 1: neck and and the rest of it is, I mean 201 00:12:02,320 --> 00:12:04,880 Speaker 1: from the neck down, it's just sort of the same thing. 202 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:09,680 Speaker 1: There are all these uh, just individual segments, can be 203 00:12:09,760 --> 00:12:14,640 Speaker 1: thousands of them, at least hundreds, called the strobilla, and 204 00:12:14,800 --> 00:12:18,880 Speaker 1: each segment by its own is known as a pro 205 00:12:18,960 --> 00:12:23,360 Speaker 1: glatted And those are like when you look at a 206 00:12:23,360 --> 00:12:26,000 Speaker 1: tapeworm and it just looks like a piece of like 207 00:12:26,040 --> 00:12:31,079 Speaker 1: segmented tampe tape. Those those little segments, those proglottids. I 208 00:12:31,080 --> 00:12:34,720 Speaker 1: I did not know this at all, but there they're 209 00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:42,360 Speaker 1: they're basically reproductive organs that also contain eggs, and that 210 00:12:42,480 --> 00:12:47,679 Speaker 1: the ones closest to the head are male sperm sacks. 211 00:12:47,720 --> 00:12:49,920 Speaker 1: And then as you get further away from the head, 212 00:12:50,320 --> 00:12:55,280 Speaker 1: those proglottids um become female and egg holding, and that 213 00:12:55,559 --> 00:12:59,280 Speaker 1: under under some circumstances with some species of tapeworms, they 214 00:12:59,320 --> 00:13:05,880 Speaker 1: can sell um, fertilize and and basically we produced themselves, right, 215 00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:09,080 Speaker 1: But more often than not, they're they're just kind of 216 00:13:09,120 --> 00:13:12,600 Speaker 1: exchanging sperm and eggs with nearby neighbors who are again 217 00:13:13,120 --> 00:13:17,840 Speaker 1: floating around in your intestines, absorbing nutrients and just sperming 218 00:13:17,880 --> 00:13:22,040 Speaker 1: and egging everywhere inside your gut. Yeah, and you're just 219 00:13:22,040 --> 00:13:25,240 Speaker 1: sitting there watching Jeopardy and it might be eighty ft 220 00:13:25,280 --> 00:13:29,080 Speaker 1: long and thirty years old. You're just you have no 221 00:13:29,120 --> 00:13:34,360 Speaker 1: idea what's going on. Like your gut maybe infested with 222 00:13:34,400 --> 00:13:39,720 Speaker 1: tape worms right now, and you probably you might not know. Yeah, 223 00:13:40,040 --> 00:13:43,120 Speaker 1: isn't that creepy? It is super creepy. Yeah, all right, 224 00:13:43,200 --> 00:13:45,000 Speaker 1: let's take a break and I gotta I'm gonna go 225 00:13:45,040 --> 00:13:48,240 Speaker 1: wash my hands again, and we'll talk more about these 226 00:13:48,360 --> 00:14:00,880 Speaker 1: proglottics right after this. Well, now, when you're on the 227 00:14:01,000 --> 00:14:04,440 Speaker 1: road driving in your truck, want to learn a thing 228 00:14:04,520 --> 00:14:08,560 Speaker 1: or two from Josh Man Chuck stuff you should know? 229 00:14:10,840 --> 00:14:16,320 Speaker 1: All right, okay, Chuck, so you promise more purglotted talk 230 00:14:16,400 --> 00:14:23,080 Speaker 1: laid on us. Yeah, So these purglotteds can um like 231 00:14:23,120 --> 00:14:25,480 Speaker 1: the tapeworm is hardy, but it can also break apart. 232 00:14:26,120 --> 00:14:29,680 Speaker 1: It'll still be alive, like make no mistake, Like like 233 00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:33,280 Speaker 1: a chameleon's tail. It's no big whoop if some of 234 00:14:33,280 --> 00:14:36,840 Speaker 1: these purglottis break off and they'll just come out of 235 00:14:36,880 --> 00:14:40,720 Speaker 1: your poop. And you might look at your stool and 236 00:14:40,720 --> 00:14:43,160 Speaker 1: see these things and say like, wow, I have a 237 00:14:43,200 --> 00:14:45,520 Speaker 1: tape worm. Thank goodness, I got rid of it. But 238 00:14:45,640 --> 00:14:47,720 Speaker 1: don't be fooled. There might be a lot of tapeworms 239 00:14:47,720 --> 00:14:50,280 Speaker 1: still back up in your body. Yeah, because remember up 240 00:14:50,280 --> 00:14:54,600 Speaker 1: towards the neck is sperm. Down lower along the body 241 00:14:54,920 --> 00:14:57,080 Speaker 1: is um eggs, and then the lower you get our 242 00:14:57,120 --> 00:15:00,720 Speaker 1: fertilized eggs. So when those proglotteds break off towards the 243 00:15:00,840 --> 00:15:03,840 Speaker 1: end and make their way out in your poop um, 244 00:15:03,880 --> 00:15:08,200 Speaker 1: they are they're fully fertilized egg sacs and that's how 245 00:15:08,200 --> 00:15:10,400 Speaker 1: they enter the environment. It's all part of the life cycle. 246 00:15:10,440 --> 00:15:13,600 Speaker 1: The proglottis breaking off and making its way out of 247 00:15:13,640 --> 00:15:18,920 Speaker 1: your anus. By the way, proglottids are spectacular in that 248 00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:22,640 Speaker 1: not only are they segments filled with fertilized egg sax 249 00:15:22,720 --> 00:15:25,440 Speaker 1: by the time they break off and leave you, they 250 00:15:25,520 --> 00:15:29,960 Speaker 1: also contain muscles, meaning that they can walk on their own. 251 00:15:30,560 --> 00:15:34,680 Speaker 1: So these little segments of tapeworm filled with fertilized tapeworm 252 00:15:34,760 --> 00:15:39,920 Speaker 1: eggs can move and crawl their way out of your butt, 253 00:15:40,600 --> 00:15:43,640 Speaker 1: so much so that there's something called discharge of the proglottids, 254 00:15:44,120 --> 00:15:49,280 Speaker 1: which um is when when right when totally I was 255 00:15:49,280 --> 00:15:52,800 Speaker 1: gonna say that is so progressive, it's crazy, But when 256 00:15:52,800 --> 00:15:55,640 Speaker 1: they start marching their way out of your butt, you 257 00:15:55,840 --> 00:16:02,400 Speaker 1: have a there's a crawling sensation arianus um, and that 258 00:16:02,480 --> 00:16:05,520 Speaker 1: this is one reason why dogs with tapeworms but scooch, 259 00:16:06,760 --> 00:16:09,720 Speaker 1: and also why you might butt scooch too, because you 260 00:16:09,760 --> 00:16:13,400 Speaker 1: are trying to erase the the very anus from your 261 00:16:13,400 --> 00:16:16,320 Speaker 1: body to get rid of this crawling sensation. For sure. 262 00:16:16,640 --> 00:16:18,400 Speaker 1: But even if they don't crawl right out of your 263 00:16:18,400 --> 00:16:22,400 Speaker 1: bottom um, they they can still make their way out 264 00:16:22,400 --> 00:16:25,520 Speaker 1: in your poop, and then they crawl away from the poop. 265 00:16:25,560 --> 00:16:27,520 Speaker 1: Because if they crawl away from the poop, and say, 266 00:16:27,560 --> 00:16:31,280 Speaker 1: like a pasture right where some human is just pooped, 267 00:16:31,760 --> 00:16:35,000 Speaker 1: there might be a cow nearby that eats the grass 268 00:16:35,320 --> 00:16:38,760 Speaker 1: that this periglotted has broken open and like deposited the 269 00:16:38,800 --> 00:16:42,960 Speaker 1: eggs into the soil. And when that cow eats those eggs, 270 00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:46,920 Speaker 1: this life cycle starts all over again. You know what 271 00:16:46,960 --> 00:16:51,120 Speaker 1: we call that dog scooch in our house the boot 272 00:16:51,120 --> 00:16:56,000 Speaker 1: scooting boogie. That's whenever you see the boot scooting boogie 273 00:16:56,040 --> 00:16:59,360 Speaker 1: happen in your house. It may not meet a tape worm, 274 00:16:59,440 --> 00:17:02,920 Speaker 1: but there it's not good. No um. Little Moe does 275 00:17:02,960 --> 00:17:05,000 Speaker 1: it sometimes, but she does this cute thing where she 276 00:17:05,040 --> 00:17:07,639 Speaker 1: does a little one eight in one place. She doesn't 277 00:17:07,640 --> 00:17:10,639 Speaker 1: go like, she doesn't make a line, she stays and 278 00:17:10,800 --> 00:17:13,879 Speaker 1: just kind of does like the twist, and she eventually 279 00:17:13,880 --> 00:17:15,800 Speaker 1: bores a hole in the floor and falls through to 280 00:17:15,840 --> 00:17:19,640 Speaker 1: another dimension. That's right. Yeah, the boot scooting boogie also 281 00:17:19,680 --> 00:17:23,880 Speaker 1: could be like anal glands that need expressing, or just 282 00:17:24,160 --> 00:17:28,359 Speaker 1: uh dingle berry that needs taken care of board on 283 00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:32,840 Speaker 1: a Saturday night. But it's never something awesome. It's never 284 00:17:33,080 --> 00:17:37,760 Speaker 1: you know, hundred dollar bills or just a dog that's 285 00:17:37,800 --> 00:17:43,520 Speaker 1: like making some cool noise with their butt, right exactly. 286 00:17:44,160 --> 00:17:48,560 Speaker 1: So man, Yeah, so the this life cycle thing that 287 00:17:48,640 --> 00:17:51,200 Speaker 1: just kicked off again, we should follow this through one 288 00:17:51,200 --> 00:17:53,359 Speaker 1: more time. Okay, I don't actually I don't even know 289 00:17:53,400 --> 00:17:56,160 Speaker 1: if we've gone through this. But the thing about tape worms, 290 00:17:56,160 --> 00:17:58,080 Speaker 1: and you kind of touched on it before, is they 291 00:17:58,119 --> 00:18:02,119 Speaker 1: infest different animals, But the same kind of tape worm 292 00:18:02,359 --> 00:18:06,880 Speaker 1: might infest different animals as part of its life cycle. Right, So, 293 00:18:07,119 --> 00:18:10,399 Speaker 1: like when you just pooped in the cow pasture and 294 00:18:10,440 --> 00:18:13,639 Speaker 1: that purglotted opened up in deposited the eggs into the soil, 295 00:18:14,280 --> 00:18:17,760 Speaker 1: and this cow eating grass ate that soil. Those eggs 296 00:18:17,800 --> 00:18:20,760 Speaker 1: went into that cow and they said, okay, time to 297 00:18:20,920 --> 00:18:24,960 Speaker 1: turn into our larval stage, and in the cow they 298 00:18:24,960 --> 00:18:29,160 Speaker 1: turned into larvae. But the larvae of tape worms form 299 00:18:29,280 --> 00:18:32,000 Speaker 1: like a cyst around them, and from what I can gather, 300 00:18:32,240 --> 00:18:37,040 Speaker 1: the reason that they form the cyst is because they um. 301 00:18:37,080 --> 00:18:40,840 Speaker 1: It prevents them from setting off an immune response. Because, 302 00:18:40,880 --> 00:18:43,080 Speaker 1: like you were saying, you can have a tapeworom infection 303 00:18:43,200 --> 00:18:46,600 Speaker 1: unless it's really bad and you're becoming really malnourished as 304 00:18:46,600 --> 00:18:49,720 Speaker 1: a result. UM, and it's a it's an adult tapew 305 00:18:49,760 --> 00:18:51,960 Speaker 1: room in your gut. You may never know that you 306 00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:54,040 Speaker 1: had one until the thing just falls out of your 307 00:18:54,080 --> 00:18:57,800 Speaker 1: bottom one day, like it's done um or you start, 308 00:18:58,119 --> 00:19:03,119 Speaker 1: you know, discharging purglotted in your stool. The same thing 309 00:19:03,160 --> 00:19:07,080 Speaker 1: with cows, like when they become infested with um tapeworm 310 00:19:07,880 --> 00:19:11,680 Speaker 1: larvae in these cysts forms, the cysts burrow their way 311 00:19:11,720 --> 00:19:15,080 Speaker 1: out of the intestinal wall and then just implant themselves 312 00:19:15,080 --> 00:19:18,040 Speaker 1: in the cows muscles don't seem to really provide any 313 00:19:18,119 --> 00:19:20,840 Speaker 1: kind of discomfort or problem, and again they don't sit 314 00:19:20,920 --> 00:19:23,920 Speaker 1: off an immune response. But the reason that they deposit 315 00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:28,160 Speaker 1: themselves in their muscles is because somewhere along their evolutionary history, 316 00:19:28,200 --> 00:19:29,720 Speaker 1: which from what we've seen and goes back at least 317 00:19:29,720 --> 00:19:33,280 Speaker 1: two seventy million years. They figured out that the animals 318 00:19:33,480 --> 00:19:36,480 Speaker 1: eat the muscles of other animals, and so we come 319 00:19:36,520 --> 00:19:39,000 Speaker 1: along and we eat the muscles of the cows, and 320 00:19:39,040 --> 00:19:42,720 Speaker 1: those cysts, those larval cysts of tapeworms deposit into our 321 00:19:42,760 --> 00:19:47,560 Speaker 1: guts and they mature into the adult tapeworm, so that 322 00:19:47,600 --> 00:19:51,760 Speaker 1: the whole life cycle begins again. Yeah, what these uh 323 00:19:51,960 --> 00:19:53,800 Speaker 1: at the larval stage, what they're trying to do. They're 324 00:19:53,800 --> 00:19:56,400 Speaker 1: trying to get to the bloodstream, right, So like if 325 00:19:56,440 --> 00:19:58,800 Speaker 1: you eat eggs or whatever, then the they will become 326 00:19:59,520 --> 00:20:01,639 Speaker 1: those syste the larval's and then they go into the 327 00:20:01,640 --> 00:20:08,840 Speaker 1: blood stream. Right, that's right. Okay, So if you have this, uh, 328 00:20:08,960 --> 00:20:12,520 Speaker 1: if you have the tapeworm, then you haven't an infection 329 00:20:12,600 --> 00:20:16,560 Speaker 1: known as human tenise. Uh a man, I had it. 330 00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:21,800 Speaker 1: I even spelled it out tiny assis, Is that right? 331 00:20:21,960 --> 00:20:23,639 Speaker 1: I think? So that's how I was gonna say it. 332 00:20:24,760 --> 00:20:26,520 Speaker 1: And if you have that, like it's like you said, 333 00:20:26,560 --> 00:20:28,960 Speaker 1: it's not a big deal. It's asymptomatic probably and you 334 00:20:28,960 --> 00:20:31,600 Speaker 1: won't even know you've got it, but that can develop 335 00:20:31,720 --> 00:20:36,920 Speaker 1: into sisters yarcosis, and that is when these things get 336 00:20:36,960 --> 00:20:38,920 Speaker 1: into your blood stream, and that is not a good 337 00:20:38,960 --> 00:20:42,000 Speaker 1: thing because the chain reaction that can happen from here 338 00:20:42,080 --> 00:20:44,880 Speaker 1: is pretty bad. I mean, it can lead to death. 339 00:20:44,880 --> 00:20:48,800 Speaker 1: It usually doesn't. But they can be anywhere in your body. Uh, 340 00:20:48,840 --> 00:20:51,760 Speaker 1: they can grow, and they can inflame tissue. So if 341 00:20:51,760 --> 00:20:54,359 Speaker 1: it's putting pressure, like near your eyeball, it can cause 342 00:20:54,359 --> 00:20:58,120 Speaker 1: temporary blindness or permanent blindness. If it's near your brain, 343 00:20:58,280 --> 00:21:01,919 Speaker 1: that's no good. It can cause brain damage and uh. 344 00:21:01,960 --> 00:21:05,040 Speaker 1: In fact, in some UH countries they think it's the 345 00:21:05,119 --> 00:21:11,080 Speaker 1: main cause for adult onset onset seizure. Isn't that crazy? Yeah? Yeah, 346 00:21:11,119 --> 00:21:14,200 Speaker 1: I saw that. There's there's one guy it's called neurocystic 347 00:21:14,320 --> 00:21:17,919 Speaker 1: or kosis, and this one doctor says that at least 348 00:21:18,080 --> 00:21:23,600 Speaker 1: five million cases of adult onset um seizures worldwide or 349 00:21:23,680 --> 00:21:27,520 Speaker 1: from having tapeworm cysts in your brain. So that that 350 00:21:27,640 --> 00:21:32,200 Speaker 1: was the appropriate response, chuck. So the thing is like, 351 00:21:32,440 --> 00:21:36,919 Speaker 1: when you eat a tapeworm larva um, it becomes an 352 00:21:36,960 --> 00:21:40,680 Speaker 1: adult tapeworm in your gut. Humans aren't our bodies aren't 353 00:21:40,720 --> 00:21:43,840 Speaker 1: set up or they're not in this kind of symbiosis 354 00:21:43,880 --> 00:21:47,200 Speaker 1: with tapeworm eggs to do the same thing. So if 355 00:21:47,240 --> 00:21:51,040 Speaker 1: we eat tapeworm eggs accidentally then those become those cystic 356 00:21:51,119 --> 00:21:54,320 Speaker 1: larva's larva, and then that's that's what travels into our 357 00:21:54,320 --> 00:21:57,840 Speaker 1: bloodstream and causes all of these problems. And there's specifically 358 00:21:57,920 --> 00:22:01,680 Speaker 1: one kind of pig tape worm that it goes through 359 00:22:01,720 --> 00:22:05,680 Speaker 1: its life cycle from pig to human to pig, and 360 00:22:06,000 --> 00:22:09,920 Speaker 1: under normal circumstances, if we undercooked pork and get those larva, 361 00:22:10,280 --> 00:22:12,439 Speaker 1: they're going to turn into adult tape worms. But if 362 00:22:12,480 --> 00:22:16,320 Speaker 1: we undercooked pork and we accidentally eat some eggs from 363 00:22:16,359 --> 00:22:20,159 Speaker 1: that pork, then that's when that cistic or cosis. Is 364 00:22:20,160 --> 00:22:23,280 Speaker 1: that right, Yes, sistic or cosis. It can be a 365 00:22:23,320 --> 00:22:26,399 Speaker 1: real problem that you will know, like you were saying 366 00:22:26,440 --> 00:22:30,520 Speaker 1: that you've got a tape worm problem pretty pretty quick. Yeah. 367 00:22:30,520 --> 00:22:33,119 Speaker 1: If they get big, they can block your your ducks, 368 00:22:33,160 --> 00:22:36,520 Speaker 1: your pancreatic ducks, your bile ducks. Uh, they can get 369 00:22:36,560 --> 00:22:40,000 Speaker 1: in your organs and grow within your organs, which is 370 00:22:40,359 --> 00:22:43,439 Speaker 1: something that should keep you awake at night. Uh. If 371 00:22:43,440 --> 00:22:45,960 Speaker 1: they get large enough in your organs that that's gonna 372 00:22:46,560 --> 00:22:48,480 Speaker 1: like those organs are not going to be good for 373 00:22:48,600 --> 00:22:52,920 Speaker 1: very long. Uh. They can rupture sometimes. Um. And this 374 00:22:53,000 --> 00:22:55,080 Speaker 1: is just in the body, not necessarily in the organs, 375 00:22:55,080 --> 00:22:58,400 Speaker 1: but if it ruptures in your body, then it's your 376 00:22:58,680 --> 00:23:01,760 Speaker 1: Your body is gonna out like an immuno response. You're 377 00:23:01,760 --> 00:23:05,080 Speaker 1: gonna get hives, it's gonna itch uh, it's gonna swell, 378 00:23:05,240 --> 00:23:08,359 Speaker 1: and you're just gonna have like this massive allergic reaction. 379 00:23:08,400 --> 00:23:12,040 Speaker 1: You're gonna be like what bug bit me, right, except 380 00:23:12,080 --> 00:23:13,840 Speaker 1: you won't be able to talk because your throat will 381 00:23:13,880 --> 00:23:18,600 Speaker 1: have closed. Perhaps, so chuck um. If you don't want 382 00:23:18,600 --> 00:23:21,440 Speaker 1: a tapeworm, which hopefully by now you've realized you don't 383 00:23:21,480 --> 00:23:25,560 Speaker 1: want a tapeworm again, in the in the developed world, 384 00:23:25,640 --> 00:23:28,399 Speaker 1: it's not that hard to avoid a tapeworm, and in 385 00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:33,320 Speaker 1: the United States in particular, um like the meat packing 386 00:23:33,359 --> 00:23:37,320 Speaker 1: industry is I mean, it's dirty and gross and horrific, 387 00:23:38,240 --> 00:23:42,359 Speaker 1: but it's actually pretty good at spotting things like tapeworms. 388 00:23:42,440 --> 00:23:45,639 Speaker 1: So there's a really low chance that you're going to 389 00:23:45,720 --> 00:23:48,720 Speaker 1: get your hands on meat from an American grocery store 390 00:23:49,040 --> 00:23:52,520 Speaker 1: that has tapeworm cists in it. Right, probably not going 391 00:23:52,560 --> 00:23:55,040 Speaker 1: to get a tapeworm, but just to be sure, the 392 00:23:55,119 --> 00:24:01,240 Speaker 1: government has very um conscientiously recommended some minimum king temperatures 393 00:24:01,240 --> 00:24:03,200 Speaker 1: for things like whole cuts of meat like a chopp 394 00:24:03,280 --> 00:24:05,479 Speaker 1: or a steak, right. I think it used to be 395 00:24:05,560 --> 00:24:09,479 Speaker 1: one sixty fairret height. Now they've lowered it to something 396 00:24:09,520 --> 00:24:13,920 Speaker 1: like one, which is sixty three degrees celsius. And here's 397 00:24:13,920 --> 00:24:16,320 Speaker 1: the key. They say, after you've done cooking it to 398 00:24:16,400 --> 00:24:19,119 Speaker 1: that internal temperature which you want to meet thermometer, Do 399 00:24:19,119 --> 00:24:21,480 Speaker 1: you have one of those? One of the best things 400 00:24:21,520 --> 00:24:24,320 Speaker 1: I've ever bought, Chuck. That really up my steak game 401 00:24:24,400 --> 00:24:27,679 Speaker 1: quite a bit. But the key to a good steak, 402 00:24:27,760 --> 00:24:30,720 Speaker 1: and apparently to killing tape worms and other parasites, is 403 00:24:30,760 --> 00:24:34,760 Speaker 1: to letting your whole cut of meat rest for at 404 00:24:34,840 --> 00:24:38,040 Speaker 1: least three minutes. I always do five after you cook, 405 00:24:38,320 --> 00:24:40,560 Speaker 1: before you carve it up and start eating. Do you 406 00:24:40,560 --> 00:24:42,800 Speaker 1: do that? You should do that anyway, because of the 407 00:24:42,840 --> 00:24:46,040 Speaker 1: flavor and the juices. It just does something amazing. Like, 408 00:24:46,160 --> 00:24:49,439 Speaker 1: before I started doing that, I was just a schlove. 409 00:24:49,640 --> 00:24:51,800 Speaker 1: I was a total loser. I had no idea what 410 00:24:51,840 --> 00:24:54,359 Speaker 1: was going on in the world. Once I started off 411 00:24:54,400 --> 00:24:56,720 Speaker 1: the grill and put it in your mouth, sure, yeah, basically, 412 00:24:56,760 --> 00:24:58,359 Speaker 1: I mean put it on a plate and like start 413 00:24:58,400 --> 00:25:01,840 Speaker 1: eating it right. Once started letting meat rest, it was 414 00:25:01,920 --> 00:25:06,160 Speaker 1: like a whole new world. Yeah. And here's another tip. 415 00:25:06,240 --> 00:25:10,359 Speaker 1: If you want a really delicious steak uh or I 416 00:25:10,359 --> 00:25:13,040 Speaker 1: guess pork chop. You you get one either. I mean, 417 00:25:13,080 --> 00:25:15,639 Speaker 1: if you don't have one of these um sort of 418 00:25:15,680 --> 00:25:18,320 Speaker 1: slotted cutting boards for to rest on, use like a 419 00:25:18,320 --> 00:25:22,840 Speaker 1: baker's rack or something, because you still maintain that crisp 420 00:25:23,320 --> 00:25:26,000 Speaker 1: on the outer, that char if you just let it 421 00:25:26,040 --> 00:25:28,320 Speaker 1: sit in its juices, that's gonna get all. You know, 422 00:25:28,840 --> 00:25:31,760 Speaker 1: it's going to change the texture, oh, like a grilled 423 00:25:31,800 --> 00:25:34,560 Speaker 1: pan or something like that. Use that. Yeah, I've got 424 00:25:34,560 --> 00:25:38,159 Speaker 1: this cutting board that has uh it's basically like a 425 00:25:38,200 --> 00:25:42,080 Speaker 1: grid instead of being flat, uh and it and it 426 00:25:42,119 --> 00:25:45,639 Speaker 1: has a a little uh like a grill grate that 427 00:25:45,680 --> 00:25:48,600 Speaker 1: can lift up and out of it so it's never sitting. 428 00:25:49,240 --> 00:25:51,240 Speaker 1: Like not much of the meat is sitting on a 429 00:25:51,320 --> 00:25:53,800 Speaker 1: board when it's resting. So you don't want it to 430 00:25:53,880 --> 00:25:58,440 Speaker 1: rest in its juices. No, I want to keep it crispy. Okay, 431 00:25:58,480 --> 00:26:00,040 Speaker 1: I didn't know that I got it all. It's to 432 00:26:00,119 --> 00:26:02,080 Speaker 1: try that because I always just basically I just put 433 00:26:02,119 --> 00:26:04,760 Speaker 1: it on a plate and throw like a some foil 434 00:26:04,800 --> 00:26:07,760 Speaker 1: loosely over it, or else like a like a pan cover. 435 00:26:08,240 --> 00:26:10,959 Speaker 1: You cover it too, huh. Yeah, yeah, I've always read 436 00:26:11,200 --> 00:26:14,359 Speaker 1: it's gonna keep cooking right. Yeah, yeah, for sure, But 437 00:26:14,440 --> 00:26:16,840 Speaker 1: I mean it's not on the flame anymore, so it's 438 00:26:16,880 --> 00:26:20,679 Speaker 1: like just kind of um yeah, yeah, I know. For 439 00:26:20,840 --> 00:26:24,560 Speaker 1: I've never tried it uncovered. Maybe I will try uncovering 440 00:26:24,680 --> 00:26:27,040 Speaker 1: and away from the juices and see what happens you 441 00:26:27,080 --> 00:26:31,200 Speaker 1: try covering it and leaving it in his juices. I 442 00:26:31,240 --> 00:26:33,040 Speaker 1: don't even use a meat thermometer, so I think we 443 00:26:33,119 --> 00:26:36,679 Speaker 1: have different steak games. You don't huh do you like, 444 00:26:36,720 --> 00:26:41,240 Speaker 1: here's rare, medium, rare, medium, rare. But if I know 445 00:26:41,400 --> 00:26:44,480 Speaker 1: the thickness and the weight and the temperature, I don't 446 00:26:44,480 --> 00:26:47,360 Speaker 1: need to meet thermometer. I stopped cooking as many steaks, 447 00:26:47,359 --> 00:26:48,840 Speaker 1: so I have to kind of I had to go 448 00:26:48,880 --> 00:26:52,199 Speaker 1: back to elementary school again. No, there's no shame in it. 449 00:26:52,520 --> 00:26:55,639 Speaker 1: I'm not ashamed. I had a had a chef that 450 00:26:55,680 --> 00:26:59,040 Speaker 1: I worked for that he could he just touched his 451 00:26:59,760 --> 00:27:02,560 Speaker 1: He like, you can tell the internal what the inside 452 00:27:02,600 --> 00:27:05,159 Speaker 1: looks like just by touching the outside, right, And we 453 00:27:05,160 --> 00:27:08,119 Speaker 1: should tell people. They're probably people who haven't been listening 454 00:27:08,160 --> 00:27:10,080 Speaker 1: that long and don't know the secret to steak that 455 00:27:10,119 --> 00:27:14,040 Speaker 1: we've said before, Chuck, But you do not touch your steak. 456 00:27:14,080 --> 00:27:16,440 Speaker 1: You don't cut it, you cook it, you see it 457 00:27:17,080 --> 00:27:19,720 Speaker 1: on one side for a minute and a half two 458 00:27:19,720 --> 00:27:22,240 Speaker 1: minutes tops, depending on how thick it is. Flip it 459 00:27:22,280 --> 00:27:23,760 Speaker 1: over and do the same thing to the other side. 460 00:27:23,920 --> 00:27:26,200 Speaker 1: And then you take it off of your oven or 461 00:27:26,240 --> 00:27:29,879 Speaker 1: your grill or whatever and move it into a convection 462 00:27:29,920 --> 00:27:34,119 Speaker 1: oven if you've got one at about three degrees three minutes, 463 00:27:34,280 --> 00:27:36,560 Speaker 1: the three and a half minutes per side for six 464 00:27:36,600 --> 00:27:39,560 Speaker 1: to seven minutes total. Let it rest five minutes, thank 465 00:27:39,640 --> 00:27:42,520 Speaker 1: us in the morning. I don't do mind that way either. 466 00:27:42,920 --> 00:27:45,080 Speaker 1: Like I said, we've got different steak games. I thought, 467 00:27:45,200 --> 00:27:47,080 Speaker 1: I thought you said you'd tried it that way before, 468 00:27:47,080 --> 00:27:50,560 Speaker 1: and you're like, this is amazing I've done. I'll do 469 00:27:50,600 --> 00:27:52,199 Speaker 1: all kinds of way. Sometimes I do it in a 470 00:27:52,240 --> 00:27:56,000 Speaker 1: pan and then stick it in the broiler. These days 471 00:27:56,000 --> 00:27:58,960 Speaker 1: of all about the grill again, because I've got a 472 00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:02,040 Speaker 1: grill that can get really really hot. Oh yeah, well 473 00:28:02,080 --> 00:28:04,159 Speaker 1: that's the key, you know, Like you want to see 474 00:28:04,240 --> 00:28:07,960 Speaker 1: hear in those juices to keep it from escaping. Yeah, 475 00:28:08,119 --> 00:28:10,320 Speaker 1: which is another reason to meet. Thermometer is good if 476 00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:12,600 Speaker 1: you don't, if you can't, just use your thumb. You 477 00:28:12,640 --> 00:28:14,679 Speaker 1: don't have to cut it open to look inside. You 478 00:28:14,800 --> 00:28:16,680 Speaker 1: just plunge that thing in there and it tells you. 479 00:28:17,760 --> 00:28:20,600 Speaker 1: I think all this talk of steak has made people 480 00:28:20,600 --> 00:28:26,840 Speaker 1: forget that we're talking about tapeworms. Yeah, perryanus tapeworms. So 481 00:28:27,119 --> 00:28:30,160 Speaker 1: um should we? I mean, I guess we should talk 482 00:28:30,160 --> 00:28:32,360 Speaker 1: a little bit about the symptoms before we come back 483 00:28:32,359 --> 00:28:36,000 Speaker 1: for the final act of tapeworms as a weight loss aid. 484 00:28:37,680 --> 00:28:43,200 Speaker 1: But you might not have infectra I'm sorry symptoms at first. Uh. 485 00:28:43,400 --> 00:28:45,760 Speaker 1: You might feel a little weak, you might feel some 486 00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:48,080 Speaker 1: you might have some diarrhea. You might feel dizzy or 487 00:28:48,120 --> 00:28:51,480 Speaker 1: lose your appetite. You might lose a little weight. You 488 00:28:51,560 --> 00:28:54,000 Speaker 1: might crave salt, which is an interesting one because I 489 00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:56,360 Speaker 1: always crave salt. Yeah. I thought that was interesting to 490 00:28:56,720 --> 00:28:59,560 Speaker 1: um or Pika in general, Like if you crave eating 491 00:28:59,600 --> 00:29:02,800 Speaker 1: clay or just anything that you is a little weird 492 00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:07,920 Speaker 1: is a big sign. You're saying Pica now, pa Oh yeah, 493 00:29:08,600 --> 00:29:11,520 Speaker 1: I think I've always said they haven't I you always said, Pika. 494 00:29:11,880 --> 00:29:15,200 Speaker 1: This is amazing. It's like starting our podcast all over 495 00:29:15,240 --> 00:29:20,240 Speaker 1: again after twelve years. It's a refresh. That's what I'm 496 00:29:20,280 --> 00:29:23,960 Speaker 1: going with now, all right, Uh, So you will get 497 00:29:23,960 --> 00:29:26,200 Speaker 1: a you will deliver a stool sample. Um. If you 498 00:29:26,200 --> 00:29:27,800 Speaker 1: go to the doctor, if you suspect you have a 499 00:29:27,800 --> 00:29:31,000 Speaker 1: tape worm, you want them to ask you for it first. Sure, 500 00:29:31,120 --> 00:29:33,400 Speaker 1: just don't bring it in a bag unless you've happened 501 00:29:33,400 --> 00:29:36,880 Speaker 1: to see that your poop has worms in it, um 502 00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:38,360 Speaker 1: and that you could bring it in. But you could 503 00:29:38,360 --> 00:29:40,440 Speaker 1: also just say there were those were definitely worms in 504 00:29:40,440 --> 00:29:43,840 Speaker 1: my poop, and hopefully what happens is is that you've 505 00:29:43,880 --> 00:29:46,240 Speaker 1: gone in there quickly enough to where it it doesn't 506 00:29:46,320 --> 00:29:48,560 Speaker 1: end up being a very big deal. And you take 507 00:29:48,560 --> 00:29:53,600 Speaker 1: a little anti worm medication and this thing works by 508 00:29:54,240 --> 00:29:59,680 Speaker 1: basically kind of paralyzing the parasite so it's muscles are 509 00:29:59,680 --> 00:30:04,479 Speaker 1: perm contracted. Yeah, and you know we're talking about how 510 00:30:04,520 --> 00:30:07,280 Speaker 1: that that head just latches on. It's not able to 511 00:30:07,320 --> 00:30:09,480 Speaker 1: latch on. It just comes right on out in your poop, 512 00:30:09,520 --> 00:30:13,760 Speaker 1: I know, because it just falls out, basically. And there 513 00:30:13,800 --> 00:30:17,400 Speaker 1: are plenty of videos on the internet that show tapeworms 514 00:30:17,440 --> 00:30:21,560 Speaker 1: that have come out of people's anuses. If you want 515 00:30:21,560 --> 00:30:23,600 Speaker 1: to go see that kind of thing, they can get 516 00:30:23,640 --> 00:30:28,040 Speaker 1: really really long. Um. But that that drug chuck that 517 00:30:28,040 --> 00:30:31,400 Speaker 1: that you're talking about, the anti warming agent, it's the 518 00:30:31,440 --> 00:30:34,040 Speaker 1: same thing that they give dogs, Like any animal that's 519 00:30:34,040 --> 00:30:36,280 Speaker 1: going to have a worm is going to get the 520 00:30:36,360 --> 00:30:41,280 Speaker 1: same treatment. But they found they're pretty sure this particular one, 521 00:30:41,880 --> 00:30:45,320 Speaker 1: Nick Close amid this d worming agent is actually also 522 00:30:45,440 --> 00:30:50,440 Speaker 1: good for things like treating cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, graph 523 00:30:50,600 --> 00:30:54,680 Speaker 1: versus host disease, endometriosis, and a bunch of other stuff. 524 00:30:54,960 --> 00:30:58,960 Speaker 1: Because they're like, it does something to to channeling pathways, uh, 525 00:30:59,200 --> 00:31:02,240 Speaker 1: multiple chane only pathways, And it might be like this 526 00:31:02,320 --> 00:31:05,600 Speaker 1: wonder drug that's just waiting to be unlocked. Didn't that neat? 527 00:31:06,400 --> 00:31:09,320 Speaker 1: That is super neat, Nick Close to meat? Do we 528 00:31:09,400 --> 00:31:12,479 Speaker 1: take that break? Yeah? Man, let's take the break, all right. 529 00:31:12,640 --> 00:31:17,880 Speaker 1: Then we'll get to the big revel revelation relevation, no revelation. 530 00:31:19,720 --> 00:31:22,080 Speaker 1: Can you use the tape him to lose weight? Right? 531 00:31:22,160 --> 00:31:35,160 Speaker 1: For this? Well, now we're on the road driving in 532 00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:38,719 Speaker 1: your truck. Want to learn a thing or two from Josh? 533 00:31:38,840 --> 00:31:46,640 Speaker 1: Can chuck it stuff? You should know? All right? No, 534 00:31:46,880 --> 00:31:50,400 Speaker 1: you can't and you shouldn't. That's right. So remember Kelly 535 00:31:50,440 --> 00:31:52,840 Speaker 1: Kapoor tried that or else she considered taking it. I 536 00:31:52,840 --> 00:31:55,959 Speaker 1: don't remember, do you. Oh that's right, I forgot about that. 537 00:31:56,280 --> 00:31:58,000 Speaker 1: So I mean this has been around for a really 538 00:31:58,040 --> 00:32:00,320 Speaker 1: long time. This idea that you can take a eat 539 00:32:00,360 --> 00:32:04,240 Speaker 1: a tapeworm of some sort tapeworm cyst, not eggs, because 540 00:32:04,240 --> 00:32:07,880 Speaker 1: those will turn into system and invade your brain. Um 541 00:32:07,920 --> 00:32:12,240 Speaker 1: that that you could get a tapeworm infection and start 542 00:32:12,280 --> 00:32:17,280 Speaker 1: to lose weight. Possibly as long as the nineteen century 543 00:32:17,320 --> 00:32:20,440 Speaker 1: they think that there. So here's the thing. Do you 544 00:32:20,480 --> 00:32:23,880 Speaker 1: remember when we did our episode on Flee Circuses. Sure 545 00:32:24,440 --> 00:32:28,440 Speaker 1: it was really thrilling to me because even while we 546 00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:31,720 Speaker 1: were podcasting, I still could not tell for a little 547 00:32:31,760 --> 00:32:34,480 Speaker 1: while whether it was a real thing or just one 548 00:32:34,520 --> 00:32:39,600 Speaker 1: of the most exquisitely perpetrated hoaxes ever, right, and that 549 00:32:39,720 --> 00:32:43,080 Speaker 1: it was still working on us. There's this kind of 550 00:32:43,080 --> 00:32:48,480 Speaker 1: a similar thing where it's not entirely clear if these 551 00:32:48,480 --> 00:32:52,080 Speaker 1: old timey ads are real people think they typically are, 552 00:32:53,280 --> 00:32:56,680 Speaker 1: or if they were real, if anybody actually did this, 553 00:32:56,800 --> 00:32:58,720 Speaker 1: or if it was some sort of farce or hoax 554 00:32:58,800 --> 00:33:03,440 Speaker 1: or satire. And if it wasn't satire, how widespread was this, 555 00:33:03,840 --> 00:33:06,920 Speaker 1: Because it does seem that there were nineteenth century ads, 556 00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:11,840 Speaker 1: late nineteenth century early twenty century adds four sterilized tapeworm 557 00:33:11,960 --> 00:33:15,240 Speaker 1: pills that women could take. They were marketed toward women 558 00:33:15,440 --> 00:33:19,240 Speaker 1: to keep their their figure trim. Right. Of course they 559 00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:24,400 Speaker 1: were marketed toward women take a tapeworm, ladies, exactly. Uh. 560 00:33:24,440 --> 00:33:27,840 Speaker 1: There was a singer and opera singer named Maria Callas 561 00:33:28,040 --> 00:33:33,880 Speaker 1: who and this is almost certainly urban legend, but she 562 00:33:34,120 --> 00:33:37,400 Speaker 1: lost I read eighty pounds I've seen other places sixty 563 00:33:37,400 --> 00:33:40,800 Speaker 1: pounds over a few months in the mid nineteen fifties, 564 00:33:41,520 --> 00:33:44,400 Speaker 1: so much so that it affected her singing as an 565 00:33:44,440 --> 00:33:47,360 Speaker 1: opera singer. And we do know that she got a 566 00:33:47,360 --> 00:33:49,719 Speaker 1: tapeworm at some point in her life, and we do 567 00:33:49,800 --> 00:33:52,320 Speaker 1: know that she liked to eat her steak rare. But 568 00:33:52,440 --> 00:33:54,720 Speaker 1: I think it looks, by and large like it was 569 00:33:54,840 --> 00:33:57,520 Speaker 1: urban legend, that it got kind of all mixed up together. 570 00:33:57,560 --> 00:34:01,400 Speaker 1: And people said that Maria Callis lost weight by ingesting tapeworm, 571 00:34:01,680 --> 00:34:04,080 Speaker 1: right right, Like those two things did happen. She did 572 00:34:04,120 --> 00:34:06,400 Speaker 1: lose weight, and she did have a tapeworm infection, probably 573 00:34:06,400 --> 00:34:08,040 Speaker 1: at some point in life, but that the two were 574 00:34:08,160 --> 00:34:11,160 Speaker 1: in no way related. But based on this kind of 575 00:34:11,239 --> 00:34:13,800 Speaker 1: idea that you could take a tapeworm and lose weight, 576 00:34:14,520 --> 00:34:18,160 Speaker 1: that that they became conflated into this urban legend, as 577 00:34:18,200 --> 00:34:20,759 Speaker 1: you were saying, and that that's that's like the one 578 00:34:20,800 --> 00:34:23,920 Speaker 1: that people point to is like proof that this actually happened, 579 00:34:24,040 --> 00:34:26,640 Speaker 1: and actually it didn't, it didn't happen at all like that. 580 00:34:27,800 --> 00:34:31,920 Speaker 1: Supposedly there is a clinic in Tijuana called worm Therapy 581 00:34:33,160 --> 00:34:35,640 Speaker 1: uh and supposedly this is the one place in the 582 00:34:35,680 --> 00:34:38,839 Speaker 1: world where you can go get a tape worm put 583 00:34:38,920 --> 00:34:43,560 Speaker 1: into your body to lose weight for about bucks. You 584 00:34:43,600 --> 00:34:47,520 Speaker 1: can get a beef tape worm um. And I've you know, 585 00:34:47,560 --> 00:34:49,239 Speaker 1: have been to t one a few times. I never 586 00:34:49,760 --> 00:34:54,560 Speaker 1: sought out worm therapy, but apparently it existed or still exists, 587 00:34:54,920 --> 00:34:57,520 Speaker 1: it's not clear. So they have a website. I think 588 00:34:57,520 --> 00:35:01,120 Speaker 1: it's worm Therapy dot com or dot org and it's 589 00:35:02,680 --> 00:35:06,080 Speaker 1: as you know, like you know, contact form fields. It 590 00:35:06,160 --> 00:35:08,080 Speaker 1: shows a map of where it is and it isn't 591 00:35:08,080 --> 00:35:09,560 Speaker 1: to you one and all that there's a phone number. 592 00:35:09,560 --> 00:35:11,480 Speaker 1: I didn't call the phone number. But it's one of 593 00:35:11,520 --> 00:35:15,520 Speaker 1: those things like is it actually real number one or 594 00:35:15,600 --> 00:35:18,279 Speaker 1: is it just a hoax website? If it's not a 595 00:35:18,320 --> 00:35:21,359 Speaker 1: hoax website and it actually is a helmet therapy because 596 00:35:21,400 --> 00:35:24,160 Speaker 1: remember in our Hookworms episode, we were talking about that 597 00:35:24,239 --> 00:35:27,759 Speaker 1: theory that losing some kinds of parasitic worms they think 598 00:35:27,800 --> 00:35:30,319 Speaker 1: actually harmed our immune system and lead to a rise 599 00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:33,719 Speaker 1: in like crones and stuff like that. Yeah, so there 600 00:35:33,760 --> 00:35:38,319 Speaker 1: are clinics out there in the world that use um 601 00:35:38,600 --> 00:35:43,080 Speaker 1: parasitic worms to help autoimmune diseases. So it's possible that 602 00:35:43,160 --> 00:35:45,480 Speaker 1: worm therapy does that and that they don't do the 603 00:35:45,520 --> 00:35:48,919 Speaker 1: beef tapeworm thing. But the urban legend is that they did, 604 00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:51,719 Speaker 1: at least as as recently as two thousand nine, they 605 00:35:51,800 --> 00:35:54,399 Speaker 1: offered it. It's just not clear whether any of this 606 00:35:54,480 --> 00:35:57,759 Speaker 1: is true or not. Right. What we do know is 607 00:35:57,760 --> 00:36:00,759 Speaker 1: true is that to to purpose do this is not 608 00:36:00,840 --> 00:36:05,200 Speaker 1: a good idea. It is not a healthy way to 609 00:36:05,239 --> 00:36:08,520 Speaker 1: lose weight. Uh, and you're not even gonna lose Like 610 00:36:09,080 --> 00:36:10,799 Speaker 1: it said that you can expect to lose one to 611 00:36:10,840 --> 00:36:13,600 Speaker 1: two pounds from a tapeworm a week. You can lose 612 00:36:13,640 --> 00:36:19,319 Speaker 1: that much with a pretty aggressive diet and exercise plan. Yeah, supposedly, 613 00:36:19,360 --> 00:36:22,680 Speaker 1: just cutting five calories out from your diet every day 614 00:36:22,719 --> 00:36:25,120 Speaker 1: every week, you could lose a pound. You can look 615 00:36:25,120 --> 00:36:27,960 Speaker 1: forward to losing a pound. So yeah, exactly taking a 616 00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:31,520 Speaker 1: tapeworm to do that is not not a good idea, 617 00:36:31,760 --> 00:36:36,400 Speaker 1: especially considering so because that tapeworm is competing for nutrients 618 00:36:36,440 --> 00:36:39,480 Speaker 1: from you. You're gonna end up with a pretty nice 619 00:36:39,520 --> 00:36:44,319 Speaker 1: little case of malnutrition if it gets pretty bad. So 620 00:36:44,600 --> 00:36:47,160 Speaker 1: you're actually going to be your body is going to 621 00:36:47,360 --> 00:36:51,120 Speaker 1: talk you into eating more than you normally would, right, 622 00:36:51,400 --> 00:36:54,120 Speaker 1: so you'll develop even worse eating habits than you did 623 00:36:54,560 --> 00:36:57,600 Speaker 1: than you have before the tapeworm infection, so that when 624 00:36:57,640 --> 00:36:59,920 Speaker 1: you finally get around to taking a d worming eight 625 00:37:00,000 --> 00:37:04,040 Speaker 1: it and it gets rid of that tapeworm, when you 626 00:37:04,160 --> 00:37:06,960 Speaker 1: just keep eating again, you're gonna gain that weight right back, 627 00:37:07,520 --> 00:37:10,719 Speaker 1: and you're probably gonna gain more weight back because you've 628 00:37:10,719 --> 00:37:13,719 Speaker 1: developed even worse seeing eating habits from having the tapeworm. 629 00:37:13,880 --> 00:37:16,000 Speaker 1: And again, all of this is based on the idea 630 00:37:16,040 --> 00:37:17,840 Speaker 1: that any of this is even true to begin with, 631 00:37:17,960 --> 00:37:21,640 Speaker 1: which is totally unclear still at this point. Yes, totally, 632 00:37:22,400 --> 00:37:25,840 Speaker 1: So that's it. Don't don't take a tapeworm to lose weight. 633 00:37:25,960 --> 00:37:29,359 Speaker 1: Just exercise and diet. That's that is it. There's no 634 00:37:29,480 --> 00:37:32,920 Speaker 1: better diet fed than that. Just exercise and diet, and 635 00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:35,640 Speaker 1: you will lose weight and feel healthier and better and 636 00:37:35,719 --> 00:37:38,360 Speaker 1: sleep better and have less chronic disease and just be 637 00:37:38,480 --> 00:37:42,160 Speaker 1: far better off. That's it. That's right. You got anything else, 638 00:37:42,719 --> 00:37:45,680 Speaker 1: No well, since Chuck said no, it's time for a 639 00:37:45,719 --> 00:37:52,759 Speaker 1: listener mail. This is from a high school student. We 640 00:37:52,880 --> 00:37:55,439 Speaker 1: love hearing from high school students. This is from Kate. 641 00:37:56,040 --> 00:37:59,399 Speaker 1: Kate says, Hi, guys, I am a junior in high 642 00:37:59,400 --> 00:38:03,040 Speaker 1: school from mass Aitusetts. Discovered the podcast in September at 643 00:38:03,040 --> 00:38:05,239 Speaker 1: the start of the school year, and I've loved it 644 00:38:05,280 --> 00:38:07,759 Speaker 1: ever since. It definitely makes my morning car rides much 645 00:38:07,800 --> 00:38:11,240 Speaker 1: more interesting, and it does wonders to decrease my horrible 646 00:38:11,320 --> 00:38:17,480 Speaker 1: road rage. Recently, as I was driving to Cape Cod, 647 00:38:17,719 --> 00:38:20,280 Speaker 1: I was listening to your Spartacus episode. I've been studying 648 00:38:20,360 --> 00:38:23,320 Speaker 1: Latin since sixth grade, uh and this year was my 649 00:38:23,360 --> 00:38:25,680 Speaker 1: first year taking Ancient Greeks, so needless to say, I'm 650 00:38:25,719 --> 00:38:28,640 Speaker 1: a huge nerd when it comes to Roman history. I 651 00:38:28,680 --> 00:38:30,400 Speaker 1: couldn't help but to laugh when I heard you both 652 00:38:30,400 --> 00:38:34,080 Speaker 1: struggling to pronounce the names of the Roman consuls and 653 00:38:34,120 --> 00:38:38,200 Speaker 1: they're important and other important historical figures. This quarantine has 654 00:38:38,239 --> 00:38:40,800 Speaker 1: really been tough on me, guys, like it has on everyone, 655 00:38:40,880 --> 00:38:43,320 Speaker 1: and I really needed that laugh. So I thought I 656 00:38:43,320 --> 00:38:45,200 Speaker 1: would write to you as a sort of thank you note. 657 00:38:45,880 --> 00:38:48,560 Speaker 1: Although your pronunciation may not have been great, the whole 658 00:38:48,560 --> 00:38:51,560 Speaker 1: episode really did wonders to lighten my mood and make 659 00:38:51,640 --> 00:38:54,319 Speaker 1: me feel better even though things are crazy right now. 660 00:38:54,400 --> 00:38:57,680 Speaker 1: Always I know that I have your podcast to listen 661 00:38:57,680 --> 00:39:00,239 Speaker 1: to when I'm feeling down or just want to smile out. 662 00:39:01,000 --> 00:39:04,720 Speaker 1: Wishing you health and happiness. That is from Kate in Massachusetts. 663 00:39:04,920 --> 00:39:07,000 Speaker 1: Thanks a lot, Kate. That was nice of her to 664 00:39:07,040 --> 00:39:10,759 Speaker 1: say our pronunciation may not have been great. Yeah, what 665 00:39:10,920 --> 00:39:14,680 Speaker 1: she means is, guys, you were way off. It was terrible. Well, 666 00:39:14,719 --> 00:39:16,680 Speaker 1: that was very nice, Kate. And it's nice to hear 667 00:39:16,760 --> 00:39:19,880 Speaker 1: that we're helping you out there. And uh, thank you 668 00:39:19,960 --> 00:39:22,360 Speaker 1: for writing in. And if you are like Kate and 669 00:39:22,400 --> 00:39:24,480 Speaker 1: we're helping you out we always love hearing that kind 670 00:39:24,520 --> 00:39:27,160 Speaker 1: of thing. You can send an email to us if 671 00:39:27,160 --> 00:39:29,200 Speaker 1: you like, wrap it up, spend it on the bottom, 672 00:39:29,200 --> 00:39:31,920 Speaker 1: and send it off to Stuff podcast at iHeart radio 673 00:39:32,040 --> 00:39:37,200 Speaker 1: dot com. Stuff you Should Know is a production of 674 00:39:37,239 --> 00:39:40,000 Speaker 1: iHeart Radio's How Stuff Works. For more podcasts for my 675 00:39:40,040 --> 00:39:42,840 Speaker 1: heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or 676 00:39:42,840 --> 00:39:44,480 Speaker 1: wherever you listen to your favorite shows.