1 00:00:04,440 --> 00:00:09,280 Speaker 1: Hello everybody, and welcome back to the Psychology of Your Twenties, 2 00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:12,280 Speaker 1: the podcast where we talk through some of the big 3 00:00:12,520 --> 00:00:16,880 Speaker 1: life changes and transitions of our twenties and what they 4 00:00:16,960 --> 00:00:25,760 Speaker 1: mean for our psychology. Hello everybody, Welcome back to the show. 5 00:00:25,880 --> 00:00:29,400 Speaker 1: Welcome back to the podcast. New listeners, old listeners. 6 00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:32,120 Speaker 2: Wherever you are in the world, it is so great 7 00:00:32,120 --> 00:00:34,440 Speaker 2: to have you here back for another episode as we 8 00:00:34,479 --> 00:00:39,040 Speaker 2: of course break down the psychology of our twenties. You 9 00:00:39,120 --> 00:00:42,120 Speaker 2: guys might not want me to say this, but like 10 00:00:42,159 --> 00:00:44,479 Speaker 2: it or not, we are coming closer to the end 11 00:00:44,600 --> 00:00:49,640 Speaker 2: of the year and also the holidays, Thanksgiving, Christmas, Hanuka, 12 00:00:49,920 --> 00:00:55,200 Speaker 2: New Year, and famously there is a huge emphasis on 13 00:00:55,800 --> 00:00:58,760 Speaker 2: reflecting on the year and showing gratitude for our lives. 14 00:00:59,160 --> 00:01:02,560 Speaker 2: So I thought, what better time than now to do 15 00:01:03,040 --> 00:01:05,800 Speaker 2: an episode on gratitude, which for some reason I have 16 00:01:05,959 --> 00:01:09,960 Speaker 2: never done before. I don't know exactly how I've missed it, 17 00:01:10,080 --> 00:01:13,200 Speaker 2: but today is the day. Also, before we get into it, 18 00:01:13,240 --> 00:01:16,080 Speaker 2: I want to let you know this episode is actually 19 00:01:16,480 --> 00:01:19,959 Speaker 2: also a video episode on YouTube. So if you prefer 20 00:01:20,280 --> 00:01:25,280 Speaker 2: watching episodes with video and getting to like see I 21 00:01:25,319 --> 00:01:28,039 Speaker 2: don't know, see me speaking to you through a screen, 22 00:01:28,480 --> 00:01:30,200 Speaker 2: go and check that out. I'll leave a link in 23 00:01:30,200 --> 00:01:35,319 Speaker 2: the description, but let's get into it. Gratitude journals, gratitude challenges, 24 00:01:35,440 --> 00:01:38,760 Speaker 2: daily affirmations. You know, I even have a Daily Affirmations 25 00:01:38,760 --> 00:01:42,560 Speaker 2: for a weekly Affirmations podcast. It's everywhere. If you've ever 26 00:01:42,600 --> 00:01:45,840 Speaker 2: opened Instagram, which I'm assuming you have, you have probably 27 00:01:46,200 --> 00:01:48,760 Speaker 2: seen a post at some time, at some point about 28 00:01:48,760 --> 00:01:53,440 Speaker 2: manifesting abundance. If you've ever been to therapy, chances are 29 00:01:53,520 --> 00:01:56,880 Speaker 2: you have encountered a therapist that is encouraged gratitude. I 30 00:01:56,920 --> 00:01:59,680 Speaker 2: know I shall have. It is presented to us as 31 00:01:59,680 --> 00:02:06,440 Speaker 2: this most like magical cure, or be grateful and you 32 00:02:06,440 --> 00:02:10,360 Speaker 2: will be happy. People talk about gratitude like it is 33 00:02:10,400 --> 00:02:14,440 Speaker 2: this like magic pill, this magic way to be a 34 00:02:14,440 --> 00:02:18,160 Speaker 2: more happy, well rounded person. In some ways it is, 35 00:02:18,600 --> 00:02:22,240 Speaker 2: but that claim can feel a little bit too neat, 36 00:02:22,440 --> 00:02:26,440 Speaker 2: a little bit too like one dimensional. Can it really 37 00:02:26,639 --> 00:02:30,560 Speaker 2: fix everything? Probably not. Is it always that easy to 38 00:02:30,560 --> 00:02:34,639 Speaker 2: tap into? Definitely not. But today we're gonna talk about it, 39 00:02:34,639 --> 00:02:38,640 Speaker 2: and we're gonna ask that big question, does gratitude actually 40 00:02:38,639 --> 00:02:42,560 Speaker 2: make us happier? And what forms all ways of expressing 41 00:02:42,600 --> 00:02:47,400 Speaker 2: gratitude are the most effective. We're gonna look at of course, 42 00:02:47,440 --> 00:02:50,200 Speaker 2: the psychology, do I even need to say that? Probably 43 00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:55,400 Speaker 2: not the neuroscience, and also importantly the limits of gratitude, 44 00:02:55,440 --> 00:02:59,480 Speaker 2: because yes, it is amazing, Yes it does fundamentally change 45 00:02:59,480 --> 00:03:02,840 Speaker 2: your brain. There's also a more nuanced side to it. 46 00:03:03,160 --> 00:03:06,560 Speaker 2: Toxic gratitude can elicit a lot of guilt and a 47 00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:10,520 Speaker 2: pressure to be thankful, and it can actually stop or 48 00:03:10,560 --> 00:03:14,600 Speaker 2: halt emotional processing. That needs to be part of the conversation. 49 00:03:14,919 --> 00:03:18,800 Speaker 2: So I am excited to dive deep into this topic. 50 00:03:18,919 --> 00:03:21,480 Speaker 2: It has been a long time coming. Without further ado, 51 00:03:22,240 --> 00:03:31,400 Speaker 2: let's get into the psychology of gratitude. First things. First, 52 00:03:32,200 --> 00:03:34,639 Speaker 2: definition of gratitude. We need to kind of get that, 53 00:03:35,120 --> 00:03:38,720 Speaker 2: get that ironed out. This is actually, ironically kind of 54 00:03:38,720 --> 00:03:42,680 Speaker 2: a hard concept to get a clear definition on. One 55 00:03:42,680 --> 00:03:45,080 Speaker 2: of the best ways it's described and that I found 56 00:03:45,080 --> 00:03:47,720 Speaker 2: it described was actually in a twenty ten paper written 57 00:03:47,720 --> 00:03:52,480 Speaker 2: by researchers in Ohio who actually talked about how gratitude 58 00:03:52,880 --> 00:03:56,520 Speaker 2: is both a trait, so for example, some people just 59 00:03:56,640 --> 00:04:02,320 Speaker 2: naturally feel more grateful, and it's also an attitude or 60 00:04:02,360 --> 00:04:06,640 Speaker 2: an emotion. It's also something that we can elicit for 61 00:04:06,720 --> 00:04:11,440 Speaker 2: ourselves and kind of force into occurring. There are even 62 00:04:11,480 --> 00:04:14,640 Speaker 2: more definitions about this. Is gratitude also just like a 63 00:04:14,680 --> 00:04:18,960 Speaker 2: coping response? Is it a coping mechanism? Is gratitude like 64 00:04:19,040 --> 00:04:22,880 Speaker 2: a spiritual experience? Is it just something that like we 65 00:04:23,680 --> 00:04:26,080 Speaker 2: have to trip into to find Is it just something 66 00:04:26,120 --> 00:04:29,719 Speaker 2: that comes up spontaneously. A lot of people actually have 67 00:04:29,920 --> 00:04:33,640 Speaker 2: different thoughts about it. How I like to see it 68 00:04:34,040 --> 00:04:38,400 Speaker 2: and how this paper defined it. And gratitude in the 69 00:04:38,440 --> 00:04:43,320 Speaker 2: broader sense is an appreciation of what is valuable and 70 00:04:43,440 --> 00:04:46,560 Speaker 2: meaningful to oneself. Whether it is a trait, whether it 71 00:04:46,600 --> 00:04:49,719 Speaker 2: is forced, it's just an appreciation. To add to this, 72 00:04:49,800 --> 00:04:54,760 Speaker 2: Psychologist Robert Edmonds and Michael mcleough, they are like the 73 00:04:54,839 --> 00:04:58,520 Speaker 2: leading researchers on gratitude, and I like their definition as well. 74 00:04:58,600 --> 00:05:01,960 Speaker 2: They define it as a two step process, which is 75 00:05:02,600 --> 00:05:06,799 Speaker 2: recognizing that something good has happened and acknowledging that someone 76 00:05:06,839 --> 00:05:08,960 Speaker 2: else or something else beyond you had to play a 77 00:05:09,000 --> 00:05:12,120 Speaker 2: role in it. So the first definition is really like 78 00:05:12,240 --> 00:05:14,880 Speaker 2: it's just feeling like the world or something is beautiful 79 00:05:15,000 --> 00:05:18,480 Speaker 2: and being able to notice it. The second definition that 80 00:05:18,480 --> 00:05:20,800 Speaker 2: we're working with is that you're able to attribute it 81 00:05:20,839 --> 00:05:24,360 Speaker 2: to something. In other words, it's not just an experience, 82 00:05:24,760 --> 00:05:29,120 Speaker 2: it's also a feeling of being connected, but also supported 83 00:05:29,680 --> 00:05:32,440 Speaker 2: more broadly, whether it's by your family, whether it's by 84 00:05:33,600 --> 00:05:37,440 Speaker 2: the God you believe in, by the universe, by nature. 85 00:05:37,560 --> 00:05:42,919 Speaker 2: Whatever it is is an appreciation for that outside force. Psychologically, 86 00:05:42,960 --> 00:05:46,400 Speaker 2: gratitude is seen. This is like mental superpower. Why is 87 00:05:46,440 --> 00:05:54,040 Speaker 2: that well, firstly because it promotes positive appraisal or positive reappraisal. Essentially, 88 00:05:54,320 --> 00:05:58,520 Speaker 2: why that's so powerful is because bad things are always 89 00:05:58,640 --> 00:06:02,800 Speaker 2: going to happen. Terrible, annoying things, frustrating things are always 90 00:06:02,880 --> 00:06:06,159 Speaker 2: going to occur. You can't change that. You can change 91 00:06:06,200 --> 00:06:11,479 Speaker 2: how your brain interprets these experiences. Instead of fixating on 92 00:06:11,640 --> 00:06:16,120 Speaker 2: what went wrong, gratitude allows you to retrain your mind 93 00:06:16,279 --> 00:06:20,400 Speaker 2: to notice what's still working. You might not know this, 94 00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:24,279 Speaker 2: but our brains are actually wired by default to have 95 00:06:24,360 --> 00:06:27,719 Speaker 2: a negativity bias, basically to see the worst in things, 96 00:06:27,760 --> 00:06:29,920 Speaker 2: to see the worst in people, to see the worst 97 00:06:29,960 --> 00:06:33,640 Speaker 2: in circumstances. This has actually been a good thing in 98 00:06:33,680 --> 00:06:37,320 Speaker 2: the past. It meant that we were more attuned to threats, 99 00:06:37,880 --> 00:06:42,919 Speaker 2: to danger, to the poisonous plants, the big saber toothed tigers. 100 00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:47,800 Speaker 2: But it also means that left unchecked, our minds are 101 00:06:47,880 --> 00:06:53,760 Speaker 2: naturally quite pessimistic. Gratitude, though, is the counterbalance to this 102 00:06:54,279 --> 00:06:57,040 Speaker 2: that allows us to kind of really just zoom out 103 00:06:57,600 --> 00:07:01,599 Speaker 2: and see the full picture, not just the negative or 104 00:07:01,640 --> 00:07:05,160 Speaker 2: shadowy parts. If we take a look at how this 105 00:07:05,360 --> 00:07:08,760 Speaker 2: works cognitively, there's a few processes that are involved here. 106 00:07:09,040 --> 00:07:11,040 Speaker 2: I feel like people talk about gratitude all the time, 107 00:07:11,160 --> 00:07:13,760 Speaker 2: no one talks about what it's actually doing to your 108 00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:18,880 Speaker 2: brain inside the skull of ours. First, gratitude allows us 109 00:07:18,960 --> 00:07:23,800 Speaker 2: to direct our attention more conveniently or positively to things 110 00:07:23,840 --> 00:07:27,000 Speaker 2: that we actually want to see. You can't appreciate good 111 00:07:27,000 --> 00:07:29,400 Speaker 2: things if you don't look for them right and if 112 00:07:29,400 --> 00:07:33,960 Speaker 2: you don't direct yourself to notice them. Gratitude builds that skill. 113 00:07:34,640 --> 00:07:38,400 Speaker 2: The next is memory encoding. When we focus on positive 114 00:07:38,440 --> 00:07:42,680 Speaker 2: experiences and we repeat them through those common exercises of 115 00:07:42,720 --> 00:07:47,040 Speaker 2: a gratitude journal or reflection or speaking openly about them, 116 00:07:47,520 --> 00:07:51,960 Speaker 2: those memories get encoded more deeply, the same way that 117 00:07:52,480 --> 00:07:55,800 Speaker 2: when you study by writing and rehearsing and reflecting on 118 00:07:55,840 --> 00:07:59,560 Speaker 2: your knowledge. This is objectively better than just like reading 119 00:07:59,560 --> 00:08:03,040 Speaker 2: your note or listening to the lecture. Research that was 120 00:08:03,080 --> 00:08:07,400 Speaker 2: published in the Journal of Positive Psychology found that so 121 00:08:07,560 --> 00:08:13,559 Speaker 2: called grateful memories actually showed less fading over time even 122 00:08:13,680 --> 00:08:17,120 Speaker 2: compared to other positive memories. This has actually seen a 123 00:08:17,120 --> 00:08:21,239 Speaker 2: lot in dementia patients who can remember really beautiful memories 124 00:08:21,240 --> 00:08:23,800 Speaker 2: with their family when they were kids, when they were younger. 125 00:08:24,240 --> 00:08:28,640 Speaker 2: They're encoded almost in a separate way to other kinds 126 00:08:28,640 --> 00:08:34,720 Speaker 2: of memories, mainly because they are appraised as valuable. Because 127 00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:38,760 Speaker 2: they are so significant and they carry meaning, our brain 128 00:08:38,880 --> 00:08:43,040 Speaker 2: kind of locks them in like this sneaky safe that 129 00:08:43,080 --> 00:08:45,880 Speaker 2: it has at the back, meaning that when everything else 130 00:08:45,880 --> 00:08:49,400 Speaker 2: starts to fade and decay, they remain. There's also an 131 00:08:49,440 --> 00:08:53,480 Speaker 2: aspect of emotional regulation going on here. Gratitude activates the 132 00:08:53,520 --> 00:08:56,720 Speaker 2: prefrontal cortext. This is the part of the brain that 133 00:08:57,120 --> 00:09:00,840 Speaker 2: is responsible for emotional regulation. If you're going through a 134 00:09:00,880 --> 00:09:04,640 Speaker 2: really tough time and you're stressed and you're frustrated, what 135 00:09:04,679 --> 00:09:08,040 Speaker 2: gratitude actually does is allow this part of your brain 136 00:09:08,080 --> 00:09:13,520 Speaker 2: to I guess, work better by having a more rational 137 00:09:13,559 --> 00:09:18,200 Speaker 2: perspective and truthworth perspective on your circumstances. It allows you 138 00:09:18,240 --> 00:09:21,679 Speaker 2: to hold two truths at the same time. This moment 139 00:09:21,760 --> 00:09:26,280 Speaker 2: is hard, but it's not always going to be hard. 140 00:09:26,600 --> 00:09:30,280 Speaker 2: There is more than this that is an incredible ability 141 00:09:30,280 --> 00:09:33,520 Speaker 2: to have. Also, we have to talk about this from 142 00:09:33,559 --> 00:09:39,200 Speaker 2: a more social, less individualized standpoint. Gratitude has been proven 143 00:09:39,280 --> 00:09:43,559 Speaker 2: to increase pro social behavior and when practiced on an 144 00:09:43,559 --> 00:09:51,079 Speaker 2: individual level, to actually make a community and a society better. Kindness, empathy, generosity, 145 00:09:51,480 --> 00:09:54,240 Speaker 2: they all increase. When people have a higher level of 146 00:09:54,280 --> 00:09:57,960 Speaker 2: personal gratitude, we are more likely to act in favorable 147 00:09:58,000 --> 00:10:02,040 Speaker 2: ways to others and to be acting positively and strengthening 148 00:10:02,080 --> 00:10:04,640 Speaker 2: relationships when we feel like there is good in the 149 00:10:04,640 --> 00:10:07,720 Speaker 2: world and that other people possess good as well. So 150 00:10:08,280 --> 00:10:12,840 Speaker 2: gratitude is like incredible for society as well. It's like 151 00:10:13,200 --> 00:10:18,400 Speaker 2: something that really does like mend and heal fractured systems. 152 00:10:18,960 --> 00:10:21,880 Speaker 2: So what does this actually do to the brain, Like 153 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:25,920 Speaker 2: neurologically that was like cognitively, what's happening like to our neurons, 154 00:10:25,960 --> 00:10:29,520 Speaker 2: to our synapses to yeah, to this big organ Well 155 00:10:29,559 --> 00:10:33,280 Speaker 2: I can tell you using this twenty fifteen fMRI study 156 00:10:33,720 --> 00:10:37,920 Speaker 2: from these people at Indiana University. So in this study, 157 00:10:37,920 --> 00:10:41,679 Speaker 2: they basically asked participants to write down letters of gratitude 158 00:10:41,960 --> 00:10:44,600 Speaker 2: to people in their lives. They didn't have to send 159 00:10:44,600 --> 00:10:46,760 Speaker 2: the letters, they just had to write the letters. That 160 00:10:46,840 --> 00:10:49,440 Speaker 2: was enough to a grandmother, to an aunt, to an uncle, 161 00:10:49,520 --> 00:10:52,520 Speaker 2: or a brother, whoever. It was three months later when 162 00:10:52,559 --> 00:10:56,880 Speaker 2: those same participants were scanned in the fMRI machines, their 163 00:10:56,920 --> 00:11:02,959 Speaker 2: brains showed increased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex that's 164 00:11:02,960 --> 00:11:08,320 Speaker 2: the region involved in emotional regulation, in learning and decision making. 165 00:11:08,960 --> 00:11:13,040 Speaker 2: Like there was physical changes to how their brain was operating. 166 00:11:13,679 --> 00:11:17,200 Speaker 2: The researchers concluded that gratitude is it has a long 167 00:11:17,320 --> 00:11:21,520 Speaker 2: lasting neural footprint, and they saw that footprint, I guess 168 00:11:21,840 --> 00:11:24,480 Speaker 2: in trench deeper when people did this over and over 169 00:11:24,520 --> 00:11:30,960 Speaker 2: and over again. Essentially, this practice changed the brain's baseline 170 00:11:31,040 --> 00:11:35,480 Speaker 2: response to both positive and negative experiences. There was also 171 00:11:35,760 --> 00:11:39,439 Speaker 2: a further twenty fifteen study published in Frontiers in Psychology, 172 00:11:40,040 --> 00:11:45,319 Speaker 2: also using fMRI scanners, which basically induced gratitude and participants 173 00:11:45,360 --> 00:11:48,960 Speaker 2: and then scanned their brain at the time. Instead of 174 00:11:49,000 --> 00:11:53,679 Speaker 2: just giving these people like random gratitude prompts, instead of 175 00:11:53,760 --> 00:11:56,240 Speaker 2: asking them just to write letters of gratitude, they told 176 00:11:56,280 --> 00:12:01,200 Speaker 2: them stories that were really precious and beautiful. These stories 177 00:12:01,240 --> 00:12:05,160 Speaker 2: actually came from real Holocaust survivors who'd been helped by 178 00:12:05,160 --> 00:12:08,439 Speaker 2: strangers during the war, people who had risked their own 179 00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:11,600 Speaker 2: lives to offer food, to offer shelter, to offer protection, 180 00:12:12,440 --> 00:12:15,560 Speaker 2: and the participants were asked to imagine themselves as this 181 00:12:15,600 --> 00:12:18,360 Speaker 2: person being helped and being rescued, to picture that moment, 182 00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:22,200 Speaker 2: to feel what it would have been like to receive 183 00:12:23,400 --> 00:12:26,080 Speaker 2: that kind of of help when you were just like 184 00:12:26,280 --> 00:12:30,680 Speaker 2: so desperate. And as they did that, the scans showed 185 00:12:30,720 --> 00:12:35,920 Speaker 2: significant activation in a couple of areas, the ventral striatum 186 00:12:36,559 --> 00:12:41,320 Speaker 2: and the nucleus accumbents, both key parts of the brain's 187 00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:45,120 Speaker 2: reward system. Long names, all you need to know is 188 00:12:45,120 --> 00:12:47,200 Speaker 2: that these are the areas that are most active when 189 00:12:47,240 --> 00:12:52,680 Speaker 2: we experience pleasure, love, or deep connection, and that activity 190 00:12:52,920 --> 00:12:57,320 Speaker 2: increased even after the story was over. What's so beautiful 191 00:12:57,440 --> 00:13:01,240 Speaker 2: about this study is that it's that gratitude isn't just 192 00:13:01,240 --> 00:13:05,360 Speaker 2: like something that's nice. It's not just surface level. It's 193 00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:11,040 Speaker 2: like viscerally rewarding, like the reward is something that we 194 00:13:11,080 --> 00:13:15,560 Speaker 2: can literally see. And what's even more interesting was that 195 00:13:16,679 --> 00:13:19,480 Speaker 2: they didn't even have to perform gratitude themselves to have 196 00:13:19,559 --> 00:13:23,400 Speaker 2: this feeling. No one in this study actually received anything 197 00:13:23,880 --> 00:13:29,240 Speaker 2: like it was entirely empathetic. Just imagining the kind of 198 00:13:29,240 --> 00:13:34,040 Speaker 2: generosity was like enough to trigger the brain's reward circuits. 199 00:13:35,160 --> 00:13:38,640 Speaker 2: When people say gratitude changes your brain, this is what 200 00:13:38,679 --> 00:13:41,800 Speaker 2: they're talking about. This is what they are referring to. 201 00:13:41,960 --> 00:13:46,840 Speaker 2: There is hard science behind why it's recommended. But and 202 00:13:46,880 --> 00:13:51,800 Speaker 2: this is equally an important thing to remember only under 203 00:13:52,080 --> 00:13:57,920 Speaker 2: the right conditions. Gratitude isn't something that we can actually 204 00:13:58,040 --> 00:14:03,320 Speaker 2: always access, and it might not actually always be helpful. 205 00:14:03,920 --> 00:14:06,920 Speaker 2: Sometimes it can backfire. Sometimes it can leave us feeling 206 00:14:07,440 --> 00:14:10,480 Speaker 2: worse than before. And that's like a part of the 207 00:14:10,480 --> 00:14:12,800 Speaker 2: conversation that I don't think people really want to have 208 00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:15,880 Speaker 2: all the time, but we are going to have it today. 209 00:14:16,080 --> 00:14:19,320 Speaker 2: How could gratitude possibly be bad for us? We're going 210 00:14:19,360 --> 00:14:27,800 Speaker 2: to answer that question after this shortbreak. So here's where 211 00:14:27,800 --> 00:14:30,920 Speaker 2: it gets a little bit tricky. Gratitude when it's real 212 00:14:31,040 --> 00:14:34,800 Speaker 2: and when it's self motivated, is really fantastic. When it 213 00:14:34,840 --> 00:14:40,000 Speaker 2: bubbles up naturally, it's even more fantastic. You know, we 214 00:14:40,040 --> 00:14:42,400 Speaker 2: will have those moments where we're just like, Wow, I'm 215 00:14:42,440 --> 00:14:45,400 Speaker 2: so lucky to be here, this is such a beautiful day. 216 00:14:46,040 --> 00:14:49,320 Speaker 2: You go searching for that feeling, you feel incredible, you 217 00:14:49,320 --> 00:14:53,360 Speaker 2: feel like like there's a lightness to you. The moment 218 00:14:53,440 --> 00:14:57,360 Speaker 2: that gratitude becomes something we're told to feel or something 219 00:14:57,400 --> 00:15:01,720 Speaker 2: that we owe because of our circum stances, it shifts 220 00:15:01,760 --> 00:15:03,880 Speaker 2: from being an emotion to being a performance, and it 221 00:15:03,880 --> 00:15:08,400 Speaker 2: stops being a resource that helps us and starts essentially 222 00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:12,760 Speaker 2: becoming a tool for emotional suppression. This is where we 223 00:15:12,880 --> 00:15:15,400 Speaker 2: veer into what we call toxic gratitude. This is an 224 00:15:15,440 --> 00:15:20,840 Speaker 2: offshoot of toxic positivity. This is when we start to 225 00:15:21,000 --> 00:15:25,960 Speaker 2: use it to bypass uncomfortable emotions, and what ends up 226 00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:28,600 Speaker 2: happening is that we actually don't honor them, and we 227 00:15:28,640 --> 00:15:31,960 Speaker 2: don't actually process why they happen in the first place 228 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:36,640 Speaker 2: and why that just has like deeply impacted us. You 229 00:15:37,920 --> 00:15:44,280 Speaker 2: might have heard this yourself. You definitely have. It's very 230 00:15:44,320 --> 00:15:47,920 Speaker 2: silent sometimes, like the use of gratitude to kind of 231 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:51,680 Speaker 2: silence emotions that people don't want to look at is 232 00:15:51,800 --> 00:15:56,120 Speaker 2: sometimes invisible. But it sounds like, oh, could have been worse. 233 00:15:56,800 --> 00:15:59,520 Speaker 2: It sounds like, at least I have a roof over 234 00:15:59,560 --> 00:16:02,760 Speaker 2: my head. It sounds like, you know, there's someone out 235 00:16:02,800 --> 00:16:04,400 Speaker 2: there who has it harder than me, so I'm just 236 00:16:04,400 --> 00:16:07,200 Speaker 2: gonna shut up about it. And the thing is those 237 00:16:07,200 --> 00:16:10,200 Speaker 2: statements are totally true. Yeah, someone does have it worse 238 00:16:10,240 --> 00:16:13,440 Speaker 2: than you, Like people do have it harder than you. 239 00:16:14,040 --> 00:16:17,960 Speaker 2: Having that kind of awareness and perspective is important. It 240 00:16:18,040 --> 00:16:22,280 Speaker 2: also doesn't undercut the fact that if something is painful 241 00:16:22,280 --> 00:16:25,560 Speaker 2: and sucky for you, it's still painful and sucky for you. 242 00:16:26,040 --> 00:16:27,800 Speaker 2: Like how I like to I always say this to 243 00:16:27,800 --> 00:16:30,520 Speaker 2: my friends, and I always say this to myself. Someone 244 00:16:30,560 --> 00:16:34,840 Speaker 2: with a broken arm, it's still gonna like their arm 245 00:16:34,920 --> 00:16:37,800 Speaker 2: still hurts, whether or not someone else has a broken spine, 246 00:16:38,080 --> 00:16:43,240 Speaker 2: Like it's entirely separate. They are still feeling all that 247 00:16:43,320 --> 00:16:48,600 Speaker 2: pain and themselves like someone else's suffering, doesn't like undercut it. 248 00:16:48,600 --> 00:16:51,080 Speaker 2: There's not only a certain amount of suffering that can 249 00:16:51,120 --> 00:16:55,000 Speaker 2: go around. We cannot have this idea that if your 250 00:16:55,040 --> 00:16:59,800 Speaker 2: suffering isn't the absolute worst kind, you do not deserve 251 00:17:00,680 --> 00:17:05,400 Speaker 2: to feel it. And sometimes the use of gratitude as 252 00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:07,639 Speaker 2: a solution to these feelings is a way that we 253 00:17:07,680 --> 00:17:12,000 Speaker 2: actually make people believe that. This is podcast that I 254 00:17:12,080 --> 00:17:15,800 Speaker 2: love called Live Happy Now. Big fan, big fan of 255 00:17:15,800 --> 00:17:18,280 Speaker 2: that podcast, And I was listening to an episode that 256 00:17:18,320 --> 00:17:21,439 Speaker 2: they did with Whitney Goodman talking about the impact of 257 00:17:21,560 --> 00:17:25,560 Speaker 2: toxic positivity, and what she said was that toxic positivity 258 00:17:25,600 --> 00:17:30,720 Speaker 2: denies an emotion, It denies a feeling, which is actually 259 00:17:31,119 --> 00:17:35,040 Speaker 2: just as bad as what that feeling might be listening 260 00:17:35,119 --> 00:17:38,520 Speaker 2: in the first place. When we use toxic positivity, we're 261 00:17:38,520 --> 00:17:42,560 Speaker 2: basically telling ourselves like, this emotion shouldn't exist, it's wrong. 262 00:17:42,640 --> 00:17:44,760 Speaker 2: And so not only are we feeling the feeling, we're 263 00:17:44,800 --> 00:17:48,919 Speaker 2: also feeling shame about the feeling. And it's obviously impossible 264 00:17:49,160 --> 00:17:52,720 Speaker 2: to ignore it anyways, because we know it does exist. 265 00:17:52,760 --> 00:17:55,239 Speaker 2: Otherwise we wouldn't be feeling it right now, and so 266 00:17:55,480 --> 00:17:59,840 Speaker 2: the whole situation becomes a lot more confusing. Refusing in 267 00:17:59,880 --> 00:18:03,840 Speaker 2: a motion or not feeling it doesn't make you more healed, 268 00:18:04,280 --> 00:18:06,560 Speaker 2: because it actually means that the battle between you and 269 00:18:06,600 --> 00:18:12,480 Speaker 2: that emotion is probably more of a vicious daily thing 270 00:18:13,119 --> 00:18:16,800 Speaker 2: than if you processed it appropriately in the first place. 271 00:18:16,800 --> 00:18:20,960 Speaker 2: If you actually let yourself just not be grateful for 272 00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:23,080 Speaker 2: a little while, if you just let yourself be like, 273 00:18:23,680 --> 00:18:28,800 Speaker 2: this just really really sucks, and I don't want to 274 00:18:28,840 --> 00:18:30,760 Speaker 2: be grateful for my situation. I don't want to be 275 00:18:30,800 --> 00:18:33,640 Speaker 2: grateful for what else I have. I don't necessarily want 276 00:18:33,680 --> 00:18:35,720 Speaker 2: to be resilient right now. I don't want to be 277 00:18:36,920 --> 00:18:40,120 Speaker 2: the bigger person. I just want to have some self 278 00:18:40,200 --> 00:18:44,560 Speaker 2: pity that's actually and you may not think that I 279 00:18:44,640 --> 00:18:50,399 Speaker 2: would say this honestly totally fine. Gratitude just sometimes doesn't 280 00:18:50,400 --> 00:18:54,639 Speaker 2: feel accessible to you, and trying to force it to 281 00:18:54,680 --> 00:18:59,920 Speaker 2: be actually creates this really weird paradox where the more 282 00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:03,440 Speaker 2: when you try, the harder and more elusive it becomes. 283 00:19:03,960 --> 00:19:09,040 Speaker 2: Gratitude requires a certain baseline level of safety. It requires 284 00:19:09,040 --> 00:19:13,000 Speaker 2: the belief that even subconsciously, you know you're okay to relax, 285 00:19:13,200 --> 00:19:17,240 Speaker 2: like you're okay to take in what's around you. When 286 00:19:17,320 --> 00:19:21,280 Speaker 2: your nervous system is dysregulated, when it's stuck in fight, flight, freeze, 287 00:19:21,320 --> 00:19:25,320 Speaker 2: or fawn, your brain is all focused on living through 288 00:19:25,359 --> 00:19:27,960 Speaker 2: and getting through this experience. So it's not going to 289 00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:31,040 Speaker 2: be scanning your surroundings for beauty or blessings. It's scanning 290 00:19:31,280 --> 00:19:35,119 Speaker 2: for threats and threats only. It is not a choice 291 00:19:35,160 --> 00:19:38,560 Speaker 2: in that moment to be ungrateful. It is actually just 292 00:19:38,680 --> 00:19:43,280 Speaker 2: plain inaccessible. When we don't feel safe, the part of 293 00:19:43,359 --> 00:19:47,600 Speaker 2: us that connects us, that feels joy, that expresses appreciation, 294 00:19:48,359 --> 00:19:52,159 Speaker 2: it just goes offline. Because from an evolutionary perspective, again, 295 00:19:53,080 --> 00:19:57,760 Speaker 2: it's not immediately necessary for how survival. The body can't 296 00:19:57,800 --> 00:20:01,080 Speaker 2: access gratitude if it does, don't believe the world is 297 00:20:01,119 --> 00:20:04,760 Speaker 2: safe enough to let its guard down, and yet that's 298 00:20:04,800 --> 00:20:09,240 Speaker 2: often when again people double down. I saw another article 299 00:20:09,240 --> 00:20:12,240 Speaker 2: from the psychologist Susan David where she talks about this 300 00:20:12,400 --> 00:20:16,120 Speaker 2: cultural obsession with like good vibes and how that actually 301 00:20:16,160 --> 00:20:20,520 Speaker 2: creates more emotional fragility. When we're not allowed to name pain, 302 00:20:20,600 --> 00:20:24,080 Speaker 2: we can't process it, and unprocessed pain doesn't magically vanish 303 00:20:24,160 --> 00:20:27,879 Speaker 2: the same way that energy doesn't magically vanish. It just 304 00:20:28,080 --> 00:20:32,880 Speaker 2: hides behind all the gratitude bandages until like that defense 305 00:20:32,960 --> 00:20:37,159 Speaker 2: mechanism doesn't work anymore. And look, I'm not saying that 306 00:20:37,200 --> 00:20:40,600 Speaker 2: gratitude is bad. It's just that, like it can't be 307 00:20:40,840 --> 00:20:44,560 Speaker 2: forced from a place of fear or from a place 308 00:20:44,600 --> 00:20:48,159 Speaker 2: of shame. It can't be forced from a place of 309 00:20:49,720 --> 00:20:52,159 Speaker 2: I should of shouldz. Maybe that's the best way to 310 00:20:52,200 --> 00:20:55,240 Speaker 2: say it. Sometimes, like the kindest thing you can do 311 00:20:55,320 --> 00:20:59,840 Speaker 2: to yourself is and do for yourself is just be like, yeah, 312 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:02,560 Speaker 2: it's just really sucks. So I want to talk about 313 00:21:02,600 --> 00:21:04,760 Speaker 2: some alternatives. I feel like I've been blabbing on about 314 00:21:04,800 --> 00:21:09,800 Speaker 2: that for a while. When gratitude is inaccessible, what else 315 00:21:09,880 --> 00:21:12,240 Speaker 2: is there? Because we do actually need some kind of 316 00:21:12,280 --> 00:21:16,920 Speaker 2: thing to hold on to what might that be if 317 00:21:17,000 --> 00:21:21,320 Speaker 2: gratitude feels too heavy. One of these recommendations that I 318 00:21:21,359 --> 00:21:26,160 Speaker 2: heard from someone was to just look for niceness instead. 319 00:21:26,480 --> 00:21:31,600 Speaker 2: Looking for something nice feels a lot more neutral, feels 320 00:21:31,640 --> 00:21:35,360 Speaker 2: way less intimidating than being like, you have to find 321 00:21:35,359 --> 00:21:38,960 Speaker 2: something that you are grateful for one absolutely, just look 322 00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:42,480 Speaker 2: for one small thing each day that's like you just 323 00:21:42,520 --> 00:21:45,160 Speaker 2: think is cool, or you just think is beautiful. You're 324 00:21:45,200 --> 00:21:47,960 Speaker 2: not necessarily grateful for it, but you know, it was 325 00:21:48,040 --> 00:21:52,199 Speaker 2: really nice that the pavement smelt really beautiful after it 326 00:21:52,280 --> 00:21:55,320 Speaker 2: rained today. It was really nice that, like you saw 327 00:21:55,400 --> 00:21:59,480 Speaker 2: that childholding that flower on the bus. I'm not necessarily 328 00:21:59,480 --> 00:22:03,560 Speaker 2: grateful for it, but it was enjoyable. It was nice 329 00:22:03,600 --> 00:22:07,840 Speaker 2: to see that. When we lessen the pressure to feel 330 00:22:07,840 --> 00:22:15,160 Speaker 2: this like huge expansive feeling and this expansive like impact 331 00:22:15,200 --> 00:22:18,560 Speaker 2: of some outside force on our lives, we can start 332 00:22:18,560 --> 00:22:20,800 Speaker 2: to just welcome in a few more moments of just 333 00:22:20,880 --> 00:22:24,680 Speaker 2: like joy and pleasure and contentment throughout our day. The 334 00:22:24,720 --> 00:22:26,480 Speaker 2: next thing to do if you're finding it hard to 335 00:22:26,480 --> 00:22:28,840 Speaker 2: be grateful for what you have and for your life 336 00:22:28,880 --> 00:22:34,639 Speaker 2: is just to do something completely new. Sometimes, and especially 337 00:22:34,640 --> 00:22:37,600 Speaker 2: when life feels hard, we find it difficult to access 338 00:22:37,640 --> 00:22:41,720 Speaker 2: gratitude because everything feels the same. Then like you ad 339 00:22:41,720 --> 00:22:43,720 Speaker 2: a layer of like this just I'm just feeling crap 340 00:22:43,760 --> 00:22:47,440 Speaker 2: onto that, like it just gets even worse. So pursue 341 00:22:47,840 --> 00:22:50,760 Speaker 2: novelty over gratitude. Go to a new part of your 342 00:22:50,760 --> 00:22:52,560 Speaker 2: city for the day. Make like a bucket list for 343 00:22:52,760 --> 00:22:56,000 Speaker 2: where you live. Just wander around. Studying at the public 344 00:22:56,080 --> 00:22:59,119 Speaker 2: library instead of studying at home. Maybe change up your 345 00:22:59,160 --> 00:23:02,440 Speaker 2: weekly routine if you can, like start cooking new meals 346 00:23:02,440 --> 00:23:06,040 Speaker 2: in the evening. Choose like an elaborate dessert recipe and 347 00:23:06,119 --> 00:23:09,360 Speaker 2: commit to making it. Do something on Friday night that's 348 00:23:09,440 --> 00:23:13,320 Speaker 2: not drinking. Go and like explore, or go to your 349 00:23:13,760 --> 00:23:16,199 Speaker 2: local bouldering gym, go to like I don't know what 350 00:23:16,280 --> 00:23:20,920 Speaker 2: painting class, Just like do something else. You know what 351 00:23:20,960 --> 00:23:23,480 Speaker 2: me and my friends did the other day. We were 352 00:23:23,560 --> 00:23:27,240 Speaker 2: having this conversation of like I'm so sick of like 353 00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:30,520 Speaker 2: going out drinking on like a Saturday or Friday night, 354 00:23:30,560 --> 00:23:33,560 Speaker 2: and like everything in the city feels the same. So 355 00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:36,080 Speaker 2: we went to a trampoline park like the one you 356 00:23:36,160 --> 00:23:38,160 Speaker 2: used to go to when you were twelve years old, 357 00:23:38,480 --> 00:23:41,120 Speaker 2: and like someone would always end up like breaking something, 358 00:23:41,240 --> 00:23:42,880 Speaker 2: or like ripping their jeans and it was the best 359 00:23:42,960 --> 00:23:46,960 Speaker 2: night ever. Having novel experiences has been evidenced time and 360 00:23:46,960 --> 00:23:51,879 Speaker 2: time again to be essential for adaptability and for your 361 00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:56,360 Speaker 2: overwhel well being. Like people actually cannot thrive in situations 362 00:23:56,359 --> 00:24:01,720 Speaker 2: that are completely and constantly the same. They need new stimulus. 363 00:24:02,320 --> 00:24:04,840 Speaker 2: So if you're not feeling grateful, that might be a solution. 364 00:24:05,440 --> 00:24:09,159 Speaker 2: Another way to experience like newness is to put yourself 365 00:24:09,160 --> 00:24:13,520 Speaker 2: in someone else's shoes and to you know, create gratitude 366 00:24:13,560 --> 00:24:16,240 Speaker 2: for somebody else if you can't experience it for yourself. 367 00:24:16,920 --> 00:24:21,840 Speaker 2: Volunteering acts of kindness, those kinds of things are deeply powerful. 368 00:24:22,200 --> 00:24:25,159 Speaker 2: Try and do like one kind thing a day for 369 00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:28,040 Speaker 2: the next two weeks. Not only does this give you 370 00:24:28,040 --> 00:24:31,280 Speaker 2: a sense of purpose, like I'm changing somebody else's life, 371 00:24:31,280 --> 00:24:33,800 Speaker 2: even if they don't notice it, it also allows others 372 00:24:33,800 --> 00:24:37,040 Speaker 2: to be grateful for you, and that can create feedback 373 00:24:37,119 --> 00:24:41,760 Speaker 2: for modeling gratitude in general. When you're finding it really 374 00:24:41,800 --> 00:24:44,760 Speaker 2: hard to access it, maybe you just need to create 375 00:24:44,800 --> 00:24:47,440 Speaker 2: more of it for other people and it will come 376 00:24:47,480 --> 00:24:50,359 Speaker 2: back to you in time. Similar to like, both of 377 00:24:50,359 --> 00:24:55,560 Speaker 2: these like is just being curious novelty Curiosity somewhat similar, 378 00:24:55,760 --> 00:25:00,280 Speaker 2: but it just keeps the mind open when I can't 379 00:25:00,320 --> 00:25:06,760 Speaker 2: necessarily access these absolute positive emotions. Just try and explore, 380 00:25:07,000 --> 00:25:10,920 Speaker 2: Just try and be interested in life, Try and find 381 00:25:11,000 --> 00:25:13,640 Speaker 2: new things that you can learn about, and then see 382 00:25:13,640 --> 00:25:16,760 Speaker 2: if gratitude comes some questions. You might also want to 383 00:25:16,800 --> 00:25:20,479 Speaker 2: ask yourself to prompt this in your own life. Is like, 384 00:25:20,760 --> 00:25:24,240 Speaker 2: when I'm looking at an experience, I might see it 385 00:25:24,240 --> 00:25:28,520 Speaker 2: as only good or only bad. What is the gray area? 386 00:25:28,800 --> 00:25:32,399 Speaker 2: What actually might this experience be teaching me that I 387 00:25:32,400 --> 00:25:34,080 Speaker 2: don't have to be grateful for, but I don't have 388 00:25:34,119 --> 00:25:37,639 Speaker 2: to be terrified of either? What might this be preparing 389 00:25:37,720 --> 00:25:40,119 Speaker 2: me for? Or you know, if this was like a 390 00:25:40,200 --> 00:25:42,840 Speaker 2: chapter of my life in a movie or a book 391 00:25:43,760 --> 00:25:47,359 Speaker 2: and I was someone watching from the outside looking in, 392 00:25:48,280 --> 00:25:51,160 Speaker 2: what's the purpose of this moment? Can I see where 393 00:25:51,160 --> 00:25:53,760 Speaker 2: this is guiding me to in the future? What should 394 00:25:53,840 --> 00:25:57,760 Speaker 2: my character do next? Instead of seeing things in like absolutes, 395 00:25:57,840 --> 00:26:00,639 Speaker 2: this is only good, this is only bad. Yeah, Like 396 00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:03,159 Speaker 2: there's zones us in on, like what's in the middle, 397 00:26:03,880 --> 00:26:05,960 Speaker 2: what's like the meat of the situation? What it'm meant 398 00:26:06,000 --> 00:26:06,680 Speaker 2: to be learning? 399 00:26:07,840 --> 00:26:09,320 Speaker 1: And this like isn't. 400 00:26:09,080 --> 00:26:12,920 Speaker 2: Supposed to be invalidating or it's not supposed to romanticize 401 00:26:12,960 --> 00:26:16,280 Speaker 2: your pain. It just encourages you just just like stay 402 00:26:16,320 --> 00:26:20,000 Speaker 2: engaged with like the nuances of life. And except that, 403 00:26:20,080 --> 00:26:22,880 Speaker 2: like just because something doesn't make sense yet doesn't mean 404 00:26:22,920 --> 00:26:25,840 Speaker 2: that it won't down the line. Like it's an acknowledgment that, 405 00:26:26,359 --> 00:26:28,680 Speaker 2: especially if you're in your twenties, like you're still learning, 406 00:26:28,720 --> 00:26:32,720 Speaker 2: you're still growing and adapting through life. This might be 407 00:26:32,720 --> 00:26:35,000 Speaker 2: the worst thing that's ever happened to you now, but 408 00:26:35,640 --> 00:26:37,879 Speaker 2: life will get bigger and like be able to hold 409 00:26:37,880 --> 00:26:42,639 Speaker 2: more space for new and better things. I think the 410 00:26:42,640 --> 00:26:47,840 Speaker 2: biggest takeaway from today is that gratitude is like fabulous. 411 00:26:47,920 --> 00:26:51,240 Speaker 2: It's like I honestly think it's like a human gift. 412 00:26:51,280 --> 00:26:54,240 Speaker 2: It's a miracle in many ways that we can like 413 00:26:54,400 --> 00:26:58,440 Speaker 2: appreciate things so deeply that the only thing we can 414 00:26:58,520 --> 00:27:02,240 Speaker 2: do is say that some otherworldly thing must be responsible 415 00:27:02,280 --> 00:27:05,479 Speaker 2: for it. It's so beautiful that we can see beauty, 416 00:27:05,520 --> 00:27:09,199 Speaker 2: and just like it's honestly an indescribable emotion. Like I 417 00:27:09,200 --> 00:27:13,400 Speaker 2: imagine trying to just describe like gratitude to an alien 418 00:27:13,440 --> 00:27:17,600 Speaker 2: and I just like feel like they probably wouldn't understand it. 419 00:27:18,640 --> 00:27:21,880 Speaker 2: That doesn't mean that it's a moral test. You don't 420 00:27:21,880 --> 00:27:24,040 Speaker 2: have to be relentlessly positive. You don't have to be 421 00:27:24,080 --> 00:27:26,520 Speaker 2: grateful all the time just because it's a beautiful feeling. 422 00:27:26,800 --> 00:27:29,960 Speaker 2: You don't have to pretend everything's fine. I think it's 423 00:27:30,040 --> 00:27:33,320 Speaker 2: just important to know that, like you're allowed to have 424 00:27:33,359 --> 00:27:37,640 Speaker 2: a diversity of emotions. But if you can access gratitude, 425 00:27:37,680 --> 00:27:39,520 Speaker 2: it's not going to be a quick fix. It's not 426 00:27:39,520 --> 00:27:42,479 Speaker 2: going to be some vitamin, but it is something that 427 00:27:42,520 --> 00:27:46,040 Speaker 2: you can like come back to that might make life 428 00:27:46,119 --> 00:27:48,800 Speaker 2: just feel a little bit better. That might be able 429 00:27:48,840 --> 00:27:51,920 Speaker 2: to like hold your hand through grief and through exhaustion 430 00:27:52,680 --> 00:27:56,600 Speaker 2: and through hard times and just give you, like it's 431 00:27:56,600 --> 00:27:58,479 Speaker 2: like a nice place to like go and lay your 432 00:27:58,480 --> 00:28:01,920 Speaker 2: head down when like everything else in world feels really terrible. 433 00:28:02,400 --> 00:28:05,359 Speaker 2: Doesn't mean you like am morally obligated to feel it 434 00:28:05,400 --> 00:28:08,320 Speaker 2: all the time. It's just like a superpower, and it's 435 00:28:08,359 --> 00:28:11,040 Speaker 2: this brilliant thing that we're very lucky to have when 436 00:28:11,040 --> 00:28:13,760 Speaker 2: we really need it. So thank you so much for 437 00:28:13,800 --> 00:28:16,120 Speaker 2: listening to this episode. If you have made it this far, 438 00:28:17,200 --> 00:28:20,080 Speaker 2: what's something you're grateful for? Please leave a comment below, 439 00:28:20,680 --> 00:28:25,760 Speaker 2: Share why that makes you feel grateful. Share Yeah, whether 440 00:28:25,800 --> 00:28:27,960 Speaker 2: it's a person, whether it's a pet, whether it's like 441 00:28:28,040 --> 00:28:31,440 Speaker 2: a movie, a TV show, like the best chocolate cake 442 00:28:31,480 --> 00:28:33,400 Speaker 2: you've ever had. I want to hear it. I want 443 00:28:33,440 --> 00:28:39,560 Speaker 2: to know. Something I'm grateful for right now is air conditioner. 444 00:28:40,080 --> 00:28:43,880 Speaker 2: It's like, genuinely like forty degrees in Sydney right now. 445 00:28:44,520 --> 00:28:46,200 Speaker 2: If you're like, I don't know, if you're you do 446 00:28:46,240 --> 00:28:49,400 Speaker 2: Fara and eight, it's like over one hundred degrees. And yeah, 447 00:28:49,520 --> 00:28:52,000 Speaker 2: I'm so grateful for air condition I'm so grateful for 448 00:28:52,040 --> 00:28:55,280 Speaker 2: the people who discovered how to make air colds. So 449 00:28:55,920 --> 00:28:58,000 Speaker 2: that's my little that's my little touchdoone for the day. 450 00:28:58,000 --> 00:29:00,840 Speaker 2: I'm gonna go to pet thinking, God, that's nice. But yeah, 451 00:29:00,840 --> 00:29:03,640 Speaker 2: I appreciate you listening. Thank you again to our research 452 00:29:03,640 --> 00:29:07,120 Speaker 2: assistant Lubye Colbert for her contributions to this episode. She's amazing. 453 00:29:07,480 --> 00:29:09,880 Speaker 2: We love her and we appreciate all of her work. 454 00:29:10,600 --> 00:29:13,560 Speaker 2: If you want more from the Psychology of Your twenties, 455 00:29:13,600 --> 00:29:15,480 Speaker 2: you can follow us on substack. If you want the 456 00:29:15,480 --> 00:29:19,680 Speaker 2: transcript of this episode, you can also follow us on YouTube. 457 00:29:19,720 --> 00:29:22,560 Speaker 2: If you want to watch this episode or watch any 458 00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:25,400 Speaker 2: of the other episodes that we have recorded for you 459 00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:28,400 Speaker 2: guys in the recent months, make sure as well that 460 00:29:28,440 --> 00:29:31,640 Speaker 2: you are following us on Instagram at that Psychology Podcast 461 00:29:31,920 --> 00:29:34,080 Speaker 2: if you want to see what's coming up. I think 462 00:29:34,080 --> 00:29:37,400 Speaker 2: we have a few meetups planned soon, so if you 463 00:29:37,480 --> 00:29:40,160 Speaker 2: live in Europe, are be coming your way very very soon, 464 00:29:40,240 --> 00:29:43,640 Speaker 2: so stay tuned for that. But until next time, be safe, 465 00:29:43,640 --> 00:29:46,400 Speaker 2: be kind, be gentle to yourself, be grateful when you 466 00:29:46,440 --> 00:29:48,200 Speaker 2: need to be or when you want to be. And 467 00:29:48,400 --> 00:29:49,960 Speaker 2: we always hope very very soon,