WEBVTT - Short Stuff: Pollen Count

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<v Speaker 1>Hey, and welcome to the Short Stuff. I'm Josh, and

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<v Speaker 1>there's Chuck and Jerry's here too. And guess who's lurking

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<v Speaker 1>around with chains of doom rattling from him. That's Dave.

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<v Speaker 1>He's here in spirit, is what I'm trying to say.

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<v Speaker 1>And that makes this Short Stuff the chew edition. Hold

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<v Speaker 1>on the edition.

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<v Speaker 2>That's me man. As you know, I've been dealing with

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<v Speaker 2>this for two plus months. Allergies that never used to

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<v Speaker 2>get me are getting me now. My doctor said sometimes

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<v Speaker 2>that happens.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, you grew into him. That's fantastic.

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<v Speaker 2>It's great. We did a very robust episode on pollen

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<v Speaker 2>back in the day that was really popular because there

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<v Speaker 2>are so many allergy sufferers in the world and I

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<v Speaker 2>guess that listen to our show. But we want to

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<v Speaker 2>think how stuff works. And a PhD here Carrie Whitney

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<v Speaker 2>for this article. But we're not talking about just pollen.

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<v Speaker 2>We're talking about you. Hear pollen count all the time

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<v Speaker 2>and I never stopped to think, is someone counting polland like,

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<v Speaker 2>how did they even get that number?

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<v Speaker 1>The answer is absolutely yes. In that nuts it surprised me.

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<v Speaker 1>We'll get to that, but just a little brush up

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<v Speaker 1>on Paul and pollen is the gametophyte, the sperm essentially

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<v Speaker 1>of the plant. It comes from the anthers, which is

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<v Speaker 1>the male part, and then it fertilizes the carpul the

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<v Speaker 1>female part. And pollen. I mean, especially you, Chuck. I'm

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<v Speaker 1>sure you see it everywhere because it's affecting you. You

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<v Speaker 1>want to get away from it. Whole drifts of it

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<v Speaker 1>just coat the cars in Georgia. Like seriously, everybody, if

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<v Speaker 1>you have never really experienced pallend, come to Georgia in

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<v Speaker 1>the early to mid spring, and you will be like,

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<v Speaker 1>what is going on? And why do people live here?

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<v Speaker 1>It coats everything in these huge drifts. So you would

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<v Speaker 1>think that you could see pollen, but it turns out

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<v Speaker 1>an individual grain of pollend is in every case microscopic,

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<v Speaker 1>from ten micrometers to one hundred micrometers, very very small still,

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<v Speaker 1>but they clump together, which is what produces those visible

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<v Speaker 1>drifts of pollen.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and you know the other thing that pallen does here,

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<v Speaker 2>and this is the really annoying thing. Like it's annoying

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<v Speaker 2>if you have allergies, obviously, but it will if you

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<v Speaker 2>don't like take care of your car or your deck

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<v Speaker 2>or whatever, like it will bake into whatever it's on.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, definitely. Don't you have some pressure washing to do?

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<v Speaker 2>Well, I've been doing pressure washing, but I have to

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<v Speaker 2>pressure wash. Like I don't drive my pickup truck. It's

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<v Speaker 2>like a work truck. I don't drive it that much,

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<v Speaker 2>so it sort of sits unused for you know, weeks

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<v Speaker 2>and sometimes a month at a time. And this thing

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<v Speaker 2>every single year is just has caked on, baked on

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<v Speaker 2>pollen that you can't wash off. You have to get

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<v Speaker 2>a pressure washer on it.

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<v Speaker 1>Plus that huge accumulation of pine straw that falls in

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<v Speaker 1>between the hood and the windshield where the windshield wipers are,

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<v Speaker 1>you just get stuck. Let's just talk about this for a.

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<v Speaker 2>While, all right. So pollen gets places in a couple

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<v Speaker 2>of ways, as everybody knows, it can either go by

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<v Speaker 2>way of insect or the stuff that's really bad for

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<v Speaker 2>your allergies is the stuff that goes by the way

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<v Speaker 2>of wind, right, and it gets airborne. And this is

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<v Speaker 2>the stuff that they're measuring. They're not going out and

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<v Speaker 2>sampling a bunch of bees and counting up the pollen

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<v Speaker 2>drains on their cute little furry, fuzzy legs. They're trying

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<v Speaker 2>to get to what's in the air, because that's the

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<v Speaker 2>pollen count that counts.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, exactly. And usually it's from less showy plants because

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<v Speaker 1>they don't need to attract bees or birds or whatever.

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<v Speaker 1>It's like grasses, trees, just you know, stuff that goes

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<v Speaker 1>kind of unsung weeds, but they blow through the air

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<v Speaker 1>and that's where it gets into your mucous membranes and

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<v Speaker 1>makes you sneeze a lot. And one of the things

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<v Speaker 1>that you have to know how to do if you're

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<v Speaker 1>counting pollen is to know what each different type of pollen.

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<v Speaker 2>Looks like.

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<v Speaker 1>Grain. That's what I was after, Yeah.

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<v Speaker 2>Looks like yeah. So because when you watch the news,

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<v Speaker 2>they'll say, like, pollen count is I And if they

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<v Speaker 2>really know what they're doing, they'll say, you know, look

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<v Speaker 2>out today for ragweed or something like that exactly.

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<v Speaker 1>And I say, we take a little break and we'll

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<v Speaker 1>get into just precisely how they do that right after this.

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<v Speaker 2>Let's do it. Well, now we're on the road driving

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<v Speaker 2>in your truck. I want to learn a thing or

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<v Speaker 2>two from Josh.

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<v Speaker 1>Chuck.

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<v Speaker 2>It's stuff you should know.

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<v Speaker 1>Should all right, okay, Chuck, So we were talking about

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<v Speaker 1>people actually counting pollen, and that pollen grains are microscopic,

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<v Speaker 1>but that they all have kind of a different morphology,

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<v Speaker 1>a different shape, and if you put all those things

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<v Speaker 1>together you get pollen count.

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<v Speaker 2>That's right. Specifically, a pollen count is the number of

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<v Speaker 2>pollen grains and a cubic meter of air over one day,

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<v Speaker 2>over a twenty four hour period. And I guess carry

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<v Speaker 2>got in touch with someone when this article was written

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<v Speaker 2>from Atlanta, because because one Katie Walls was interviewed a

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<v Speaker 2>meteorologist and I believe she was certified from the Atlanta

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<v Speaker 2>Allergy and Asthma. Well, I was gonna say association. It

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<v Speaker 2>seems like an association, but that's it from Atlanta Allergy

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<v Speaker 2>and Asthma to be able to do this. And as

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<v Speaker 2>we'll see, there are other ways you can get accredited

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<v Speaker 2>through the National Allergy Bureau or the American Academy of Allergy,

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<v Speaker 2>Asthma and Immunology to be like as certified. Hey, they

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<v Speaker 2>know what they're doing, pollen counter.

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<v Speaker 1>So what Katie Walls, the meteorologist explained is that in

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<v Speaker 1>that cubic meter of air that they're sampling over a

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<v Speaker 1>twenty four hour period, they're actually like attracting pollen in

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<v Speaker 1>a number of different ways. There's a couple of different

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<v Speaker 1>instruments that you can use, and each one is called

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<v Speaker 1>the volumetric air sampling instrument. So there's a known measure

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<v Speaker 1>of air. Again, a cubic meter of air is typically

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<v Speaker 1>what's sampled, and again it's usually over twenty four hours.

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<v Speaker 1>And there's two types, like I was saying, one's a

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<v Speaker 1>rotating arm impactor, and the second is a hearst type

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<v Speaker 1>spore trap, and they both are exactly what they sound like.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, we have some brand names here. We're happy to

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<v Speaker 2>buzzmarket the rotating arm sampler. I'm sorry, impactor. It seems

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<v Speaker 2>like the most common one is the rotor rode, and

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<v Speaker 2>then of the hearst variety of the burchard sampler. Sure,

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<v Speaker 2>and I look both these up, as I'm sure you did.

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<v Speaker 2>But if you look at a picture, the rotor ride

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<v Speaker 2>looks like like just a little spinny contraption on a

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<v Speaker 2>big tripod. The burchard looks to me like a little

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<v Speaker 2>bit like a camp stove or something. And they operate,

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<v Speaker 2>or at least the first one, the rotor ride, is

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<v Speaker 2>fairly intuitive. It does rotate, it starts spinning around really fast,

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<v Speaker 2>about twenty four hundred revolutions per minute, and these two

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<v Speaker 2>little grease rods drop down and they literally just capture pollen.

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<v Speaker 2>Those little grease rods pick up these pollen spores, and

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<v Speaker 2>then those rods are placed in a microscope adapter and

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<v Speaker 2>then they look at those and they get their pollen count.

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<v Speaker 1>Right, that's one way. The other way, the hearst type

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<v Speaker 1>that the Burchard is an example of. It actually sucks

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<v Speaker 1>in air over twenty four hours, and in that air,

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<v Speaker 1>it sucks in all the particles too. And rather than

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<v Speaker 1>a greased rod, they have a greased microscope slide, and

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<v Speaker 1>so that the pollen and the spores are attracted to

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<v Speaker 1>that microscope slide. And then what's neat is the slide

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<v Speaker 1>moves inward at a specific rate two millimeters an hour,

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<v Speaker 1>so you can actually see hour by hour which paullen

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<v Speaker 1>was highest at what time, And like you said, in

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<v Speaker 1>exactly the same way, they put it under a microscope

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<v Speaker 1>and they study it. And the people that study it

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<v Speaker 1>are called actual palinologists. Palanologist studies pollen and actual palinologist

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<v Speaker 1>studies live pollen. They're the ones who actually do the

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<v Speaker 1>pollen count, and they actually count the pollen spores in

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<v Speaker 1>their sample.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. So if you, like me, thought that a pollen

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<v Speaker 2>count was just some like random sample or like a

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<v Speaker 2>statistical analysis of what it's usually like, or just somebody

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<v Speaker 2>making up a number, none of that is true. It

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<v Speaker 2>is an actual count. Depending on where you are and

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<v Speaker 2>what resources you have, it's going to work a little differently.

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<v Speaker 2>Sometimes they collect this stuff every day for a year.

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<v Speaker 2>Sometimes they just do it on weekdays. Sometimes it's a

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<v Speaker 2>couple of days a week. Sometimes sometimes it's the county

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<v Speaker 2>health department doing it. Sometimes it's an allergist that maybe

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<v Speaker 2>is contracted by the news station. So it really depends

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<v Speaker 2>on where you are and probably like how big of

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<v Speaker 2>a city and maybe how much pollen you have in

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<v Speaker 2>general as to how this goes down.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, I could see city government having to be fairly

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<v Speaker 1>flushed to invest in a Pallen counting station.

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<v Speaker 2>You think, how much are they?

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know. I think it's more of a show

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<v Speaker 1>off thing than anything, you know what I mean? Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>Like you want to show off, you want to show

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<v Speaker 1>up Shelbyville, so you get your Pallen counting station. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>I gotcha, And then Chuck, we talked about how the

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<v Speaker 1>volume of air is usually about a cubic meter, right, Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>so that's three feet by three feet by three feet roughly,

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<v Speaker 1>and if you just kind of make that shape around yourself,

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<v Speaker 1>it's not that big. And what they're saying is, if

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<v Speaker 1>there's like a like we're at three thousand level, which

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<v Speaker 1>is extremely high, there are three thousand grains of pallen

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<v Speaker 1>in that cubic meter over the course of twenty four

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<v Speaker 1>hours or at any given point in that twenty four hours,

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<v Speaker 1>which means that you're sucking all that in. So it

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<v Speaker 1>really kind of drives home like what those numbers mean.

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, yeah, three thousand sounds way higher than say

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<v Speaker 1>two hundred or fifty or whatever. But when you put

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<v Speaker 1>it in that perspective, it's almost it almost makes you choke.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah. I wonder if any place places these in different

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<v Speaker 2>places to compare those numbers, probably like a really rich city,

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<v Speaker 2>like I mean, it would I mean maybe Atlantic city maybe,

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<v Speaker 2>but it would it would seem to make sense that

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<v Speaker 2>there's more pollen you know, on the edge of a

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<v Speaker 2>forest than there would be, you know, in the mall

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<v Speaker 2>parking lot. Right, sure, you'd think so it's airborne, but

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know.

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<v Speaker 1>No, No, it definitely because it's gonna spread out from

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<v Speaker 1>that forest, you know, so yeah, it would be denser there.

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<v Speaker 2>I wonder where they put these things in.

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know, but you're probably you're not getting an

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<v Speaker 1>accurate count when you put it right at the edge

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<v Speaker 1>of a forest. But also you're making way more work

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<v Speaker 1>for yourself too, because you got to count all that, buddy.

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<v Speaker 2>That's right, you got to get to that forest. So

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<v Speaker 2>there's a.

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<v Speaker 1>Couple of other things that this House Stuff Works article

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<v Speaker 1>included about paulin that I found gratifying that they were saying, like, yes,

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<v Speaker 1>paulind makes you sneeze and it can give you terrible allergies,

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<v Speaker 1>but it's also useful in other ways. And the actual

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<v Speaker 1>palinologiststudy live pollen, but there's other kinds of palinologists that

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<v Speaker 1>study fossilized pollen or they use it for crime fighting.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, because that could be your alibi if there's pollen

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<v Speaker 2>on the scene and they say that that you were there,

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<v Speaker 2>and you're like, that's not my pollen, because my pollen

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<v Speaker 2>is ragweed and that pollen is some other kind of weed. Yeah, hickory.

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<v Speaker 2>That could get you out of a murder rap totally.

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<v Speaker 1>That's forensic palinology. And then just regular palinologists are the

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<v Speaker 1>ones that study fossil pollen and you can do everything

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<v Speaker 1>from figure out what plants ancient societies worked with to

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<v Speaker 1>what the climate of like an incredibly old spot on

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<v Speaker 1>Earth was just by finding pollen grades. And the reason

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<v Speaker 1>why is because when when a plant evolves, it's pollen morphology.

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<v Speaker 1>It doesn't change even over millions and millions of years.

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<v Speaker 1>So if you found a piece of rag, we'd paullen

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<v Speaker 1>fossilize into you know, a strata that's sixty million years old,

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<v Speaker 1>you know that there was actually ragweed growing there because

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<v Speaker 1>it matches the ragweed morphology today.

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<v Speaker 2>That's right.

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<v Speaker 1>You got anything else?

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<v Speaker 2>I've got nothing else, just snotty nose.

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<v Speaker 1>Okay, Well, good luck with that, Chuck, And since I

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<v Speaker 1>wish Chuck good luck. Short Stuff is out.

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<v Speaker 2>Stuff You Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For

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<v Speaker 2>more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

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<v Speaker 2>or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.