WEBVTT - 9 Bizarre Areas of Expertise

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<v Speaker 1>You're listening to Part Time Genius, a production of Kaleidoscope

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<v Speaker 1>and iHeartRadio.

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<v Speaker 2>Guess what Will? What's that Mango?

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<v Speaker 1>So I wasn't sure whether I should share this or not,

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<v Speaker 1>but in the interest of transparency, I'm not just a

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<v Speaker 1>part time genius. I'm also a part time pherologist. A

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<v Speaker 1>part time pherologist. I don't know whether to congratulate you,

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<v Speaker 1>because I don't know what a phroologist does. May go, well,

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<v Speaker 1>you might know it as a pharronologist. Is that something,

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<v Speaker 1>it's still not helping. It's someone who studies lighthouses and

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<v Speaker 1>signal lights. And the term was coined in the eighteen

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<v Speaker 1>forties by an English marine researcher.

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<v Speaker 2>His name was John.

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<v Speaker 1>Purdy, and it's kept alive today by the Association of

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<v Speaker 1>Light house Keepers or the ALK, which despite its name,

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<v Speaker 1>is more for enthusiasts than folks actually living in lighthouses.

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<v Speaker 2>Okay, well I'll give it to you. That is pretty cool,

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<v Speaker 2>But I don't remember you talking about lighthouses for do

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<v Speaker 2>you actually really like them? Yeah?

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<v Speaker 1>I mean I feel like whenever we went to beaches

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<v Speaker 1>or places, you'd end up like climbing up a lighthouse,

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<v Speaker 1>and there's something wonderful and romantic about them. They're near

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<v Speaker 1>the sea, they've got great views. But beyond appreciating lighthouses

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<v Speaker 1>for their good looks and the symbolism, rologists are also

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<v Speaker 1>fascinated by things like how lighthouses project light, how they're

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<v Speaker 1>engineered to withstand storms, and also just kind of fun

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<v Speaker 1>as a hobby, right, like taking expeditions to see as

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<v Speaker 1>many of them as you can. In fact, Princess Anne,

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<v Speaker 1>King Charles's sister is a pharologist, and she has visited

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<v Speaker 1>nearly eighty of the two hundred and nine coastal lighthouses

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<v Speaker 1>on the rugged, Scottish and Manxian coasts.

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<v Speaker 2>Wow, so she's only got my quick math one hundred

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<v Speaker 2>and twenty nine left to see, right, h Princess Anne,

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<v Speaker 2>if you are listening, get a move on. I'm guessing

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<v Speaker 2>she is listening, so I don't take that too personally. Definitely.

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<v Speaker 1>Now you may be wondering where the word pharology comes from.

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<v Speaker 1>Pharaohs was the ancient Greek word for lighthouse, and it's

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<v Speaker 1>the name of the famous lighthouse in Alexandria. It was

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<v Speaker 1>built in the third century and for a long time

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<v Speaker 1>it was the tallest building on Earth, which is just incredible. Also,

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<v Speaker 1>my favorite pharology fact is that the Association of Lighthouse

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<v Speaker 1>Keepers publishes a quarterly journal and it is called Lamp

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<v Speaker 1>and you know we love lamps. That is just one

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<v Speaker 1>of the weirdest ologies out there. We've got nine of

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<v Speaker 1>them on today's show, so let's dive in.

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<v Speaker 2>Hey, their podcast listeners, welcome to part Time Genius. I'm

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<v Speaker 2>Will Pearson and as always I'm here with my good

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<v Speaker 2>friend Mangesh, a ticketter, and over there on the other

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<v Speaker 2>side of that soundproof glass creating a Wikipedia entry for

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<v Speaker 2>vampyrology and he's also drinking a suspiciously viscous red beverage.

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<v Speaker 2>That's our Palin producer, Dylan Fagan.

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<v Speaker 1>I love that he needed to wear a cape while

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<v Speaker 1>doing Definitely, it's also bizarre, like why wasn't there already

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<v Speaker 1>a Wikipedia entry for the study of vampires? That feels

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<v Speaker 1>like a real oversight.

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<v Speaker 2>Well, I guess it's the anti vampire prejudice that's out there,

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<v Speaker 2>And thank goodness, Dylan is on the case. So, Mango,

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<v Speaker 2>what makes you want to talk about ologies today?

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<v Speaker 1>So you know, we're both big fans of Ally Ward's

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<v Speaker 1>show Ologies, but absolutely.

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<v Speaker 2>Also back in metal Class.

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<v Speaker 1>We used to do a column called work Study, where

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<v Speaker 1>we'd interview people with incredible and incredibly specific jobs, like

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<v Speaker 1>there was a gentleman who had a PhD in Batman

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<v Speaker 1>and he was often referred to as doctor Batman, or

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<v Speaker 1>the person whose job it was to figure out what

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<v Speaker 1>thickness of glass you need to stop various birds from

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<v Speaker 1>flying through it, which is such a specific job, like

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<v Speaker 1>this is the thickness you need for a wren, this

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<v Speaker 1>is the thickness you need for a seagull. It's you know,

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<v Speaker 1>I don't think it's something a lot of kids grow

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<v Speaker 1>up thinking they want to be as adults. But ologies

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<v Speaker 1>really are fun.

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<v Speaker 2>They're so fun, and you're right, Alli Word's Ologies show

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<v Speaker 2>is just one of the best podcasts out there, so

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<v Speaker 2>definitely worth the shout out. All right, for my first fact,

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<v Speaker 2>I want to talk about filmatology. Are you familiar with filmatology?

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<v Speaker 2>Is that about like film or phleme? Well, it could

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<v Speaker 2>if you have a cold, But filmatology is all about

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<v Speaker 2>the scientific study of kissing, including the biological, psychological, and

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<v Speaker 2>social aspects of it.

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<v Speaker 1>Somehow, like the study of lighthouses was something I was expecting,

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<v Speaker 1>but not the study of kissing, which, just for the record,

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<v Speaker 1>I am much more interested in than the study of

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<v Speaker 1>the band kiss, which I had so interested in. What

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<v Speaker 1>type of things did you learn from this?

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<v Speaker 2>Well, you know, I have to go on a sidetrack here, mango,

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<v Speaker 2>because I don't know if you remember this, but as

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<v Speaker 2>a kid I used to sneak into my much older

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<v Speaker 2>sister's room and go into her closet and look at

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<v Speaker 2>her kiss trading cards that she kept in a shoe.

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<v Speaker 2>Maass kiss the band again, So pretty funny. Anyway, back

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<v Speaker 2>to kissing here, did you know that lips actually have

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<v Speaker 2>the thinnest layer of skin on the human body, and

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<v Speaker 2>along with that very thin layer of skin, are more

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<v Speaker 2>nerve endings than any other single part of the body. Now,

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<v Speaker 2>this is according to the American Journal of Medicine, and

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<v Speaker 2>it states that lips can be two hundred times more

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<v Speaker 2>sensitive than our fingers. She might explain why little kids

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<v Speaker 2>put everything to their mouths. I am so glad that

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<v Speaker 2>my kids have outgrown that face. Yes, yeah, no, it

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<v Speaker 2>genuinely is the worst and grossest phase. But anyway, filmatology

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<v Speaker 2>has taught us a lot about ourselves. For example, the

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<v Speaker 2>nose plays a big role in kissing, even subconsciously, it's

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<v Speaker 2>how we assess a partner's pheromones. And it turns out

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<v Speaker 2>that kissing might actually save your life and put money

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<v Speaker 2>in your wallet, which is intriguing. But one study shows

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<v Speaker 2>that men who kiss their partners before leaving for the

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<v Speaker 2>day were less likely to get in car accidents and

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<v Speaker 2>more likely to be in a higher income bracket. So

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<v Speaker 2>with that in mind, pucker up, everybody. I like that.

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<v Speaker 2>It's a real life hack. That's right.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, this next feel of study might interestill In with

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<v Speaker 1>all his vampire love over there. I'm talking about chiropterology,

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<v Speaker 1>which means the study of bats, so in the animal kingdom,

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<v Speaker 1>bats are part of the order Chiroptera, which is a

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<v Speaker 1>combination of a Greek where it's for hand and wing,

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<v Speaker 1>and Chiropterologists usually have backgrounds in wildlife biology, and while

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<v Speaker 1>their work can involve exciting trips to remote caves and

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<v Speaker 1>national parks, they also spend a lot of time in

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<v Speaker 1>attics and barns and bunkers because you know that's where

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<v Speaker 1>bats love to hide, and because bats tend to come

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<v Speaker 1>out at night as well. Research and use telephoto lenses

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<v Speaker 1>and infrared cameras to track their movements and population size.

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<v Speaker 1>They also trap bats using harmless mesh nets so that

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<v Speaker 1>they can mark them with tracking devices or take blood samples.

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<v Speaker 1>But the best part of this ology is that it

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<v Speaker 1>is not as niche as you think. And that's because

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<v Speaker 1>there are more than fourteen hundred species of bats, and

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<v Speaker 1>they represent about twenty percent of all the mammals on Earth.

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<v Speaker 1>It's the second most diverse group of animals after rodents,

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<v Speaker 1>and bats might actually hold the key to longer life. Wow,

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<v Speaker 1>fourteen hundred species, that's wild and you'd say potentially life saman.

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<v Speaker 1>I actually just think of bats as carrying these viruses

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<v Speaker 1>that make us sick. Yeah, and they do that as well.

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<v Speaker 1>But there's a lot more to bat biology. You know.

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<v Speaker 1>What's interesting is that usually small animals have these short lifespans,

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<v Speaker 1>like rats, which have tons of offspring, but they also

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<v Speaker 1>tend to die young. Bats just have one baby a year,

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<v Speaker 1>and they live a really long time. The oldest bat

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<v Speaker 1>on record was more than forty years old. Wow, And

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<v Speaker 1>we actually don't know why yet. But if all these

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<v Speaker 1>scientists can help figure it out, we might learn how

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<v Speaker 1>we can live longer too. Also, speaking of bats, I

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<v Speaker 1>have two other weird things. One is, I didn't realize this,

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<v Speaker 1>but of course they do. They've got belly buttons, which

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<v Speaker 1>is really interesting to me.

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<v Speaker 2>Glad you remember that. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>But the second thing is this all made me remind

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<v Speaker 1>me of my son when he was in daycare. He

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<v Speaker 1>came back with this nursery rhyme, and I was curious

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<v Speaker 1>if you'd never heard it. It goes, uh, bat bat,

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<v Speaker 1>come under my hat and I'll give you a slice

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<v Speaker 1>of bacon, and when I bake, I'll give you cake.

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<v Speaker 2>If I'm not mistaken, I'm sort of feeling like Henry

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<v Speaker 2>may have made this up? Is that? Did he really

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<v Speaker 2>come home saying this?

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<v Speaker 1>So we sent her to a daycare and they were like,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, we teach them all the traditional American nursery rhymes,

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<v Speaker 1>and these very sweet Polish women and they looked it

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<v Speaker 1>up and I guess it's a traditional English nursery rhymes.

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<v Speaker 2>No way, So there wasn't just made up. I thought

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<v Speaker 2>for sure. I thought it was certainly made up. But

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<v Speaker 2>it's real, all right. Well, your chiropterologist's friends might just

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<v Speaker 2>find themselves bumping up against the next group of ologists.

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<v Speaker 2>These are campinologists, and so are these people who study camping. Nope,

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<v Speaker 2>that was my first guest when I saw it as well.

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<v Speaker 2>But campinologists like bats are often found in bell towers.

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<v Speaker 2>It's actually the study of bells and bell ringing. So

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<v Speaker 2>bell towers or campaniles, these first showed up and it

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<v Speaker 2>lay around four hundred CE, and they spread across Europe

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<v Speaker 2>and into the UK, and they lost popularity when Henry

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<v Speaker 2>the Eighth dissolved almost all the monasteries in England so

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<v Speaker 2>that he could marry Anne Bolin, shortly before he had

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<v Speaker 2>her head chopped off so he could marry somebody else.

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<v Speaker 2>Of course, we've heard the stories here. That was a

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<v Speaker 2>tough time for giant bell's Mango. That's the thing we forget.

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<v Speaker 2>We hear about all the women, but we forget to

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<v Speaker 2>focus on the bell. But I got it the bells too. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 2>I mean, you know it's it was. It was a

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<v Speaker 2>rough time, but luckily for the bells, they had a

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<v Speaker 2>resurgence in the sixteen hundred and that's when people began

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<v Speaker 2>to see bell ringing really as kind of an art.

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<v Speaker 2>Now you can't play normal music on tower bells. It

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<v Speaker 2>takes a few seconds for each bell to swing around,

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<v Speaker 2>so to create this pleasing flow of sound, people began

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<v Speaker 2>ringing bells one after the other, and to make it

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<v Speaker 2>more interesting, they created these sequences using bells tuned to

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<v Speaker 2>different pitches. Now this is known as change ringing, and

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<v Speaker 2>the patterns that bells followed are actually called methods. So

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<v Speaker 2>say you have a tower with six bells, numbered in order,

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<v Speaker 2>with one being the lightest and six being the heaviest.

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<v Speaker 2>The first sequence you might ring would be one to

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<v Speaker 2>three four five six. Next you swap the order by

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<v Speaker 2>one and ring two one four three sixty five, and

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<v Speaker 2>then you reverse the middle numbers and ring two four,

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<v Speaker 2>one six three five. Are you following this? Spango? This

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<v Speaker 2>is all very simple. So the examples of common method

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<v Speaker 2>changes are called plane bob, reverse Catebory, grand Shire, and

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<v Speaker 2>double Oxford. These are just some various names. So now

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<v Speaker 2>you're basically an expert on bell ry.

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<v Speaker 1>I really it sounds so complicated. I do like the names,

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<v Speaker 1>but it's complicated.

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<v Speaker 2>It is complicated, and to that point, it's as much

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<v Speaker 2>math it as music. So campinologists use factorials to figure

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<v Speaker 2>out how many different sequences are possible. So for our

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<v Speaker 2>six bell tower, there are actually seven hundred and twenty

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<v Speaker 2>possible permutations. Now you remember factorials from high school, right,

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<v Speaker 2>I mean.

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<v Speaker 1>Barely, Like a factorial LI of six is like six

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<v Speaker 1>times five tons, four times three times two tons one right?

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<v Speaker 2>Hey, plus mango still got it? And all right, Well,

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<v Speaker 2>here's a final fun campinology fact for you. For whom

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<v Speaker 2>the bell tolls isn't just a better title than for

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<v Speaker 2>whom the bell rings. It actually turns out that tolling

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<v Speaker 2>and ringing aren't the same thing. THENGO I didn't know this.

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<v Speaker 2>I don't know if you knew this, but it was

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<v Speaker 2>we're not doing this episode for this fact. You can

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<v Speaker 2>ring as many bells that you like, and you can

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<v Speaker 2>ring them as fast as you like. But a toll

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<v Speaker 2>involves just one bell, typically striking at a gloomy pace

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<v Speaker 2>to mark an event like a funeral. I wonder if

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<v Speaker 2>Ernest Hemingway knew that or he just thought it sounded better.

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<v Speaker 2>You know, it's a good question. I have a feeling

0:12:12.240 --> 0:12:13.480
<v Speaker 2>he might have known this. Yeah.

0:12:13.559 --> 0:12:18.079
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, So our next ology is a pseud of science,

0:12:18.240 --> 0:12:21.720
<v Speaker 1>but it's still worth learning about. And it's cryptozoology, which

0:12:21.760 --> 0:12:26.000
<v Speaker 1>is the study of mythical creatures or cryptids. Although cryptozoologists

0:12:26.000 --> 0:12:28.760
<v Speaker 1>would describe it that way. They actually call it, quote

0:12:28.880 --> 0:12:32.720
<v Speaker 1>the study of unknown, legendary or extinct animals whose present

0:12:32.800 --> 0:12:35.760
<v Speaker 1>existence is disputed or unsubstantiated.

0:12:36.160 --> 0:12:37.679
<v Speaker 2>I'm going to have to say that sounds fans here.

0:12:37.760 --> 0:12:41.320
<v Speaker 2>Then you know, we read about monsters. Yeah, and mainstream

0:12:41.320 --> 0:12:44.440
<v Speaker 2>science does look down on it, of course. But oddly enough,

0:12:44.480 --> 0:12:48.280
<v Speaker 2>cryptozoology was started by a pair of proper zoologists. This

0:12:48.559 --> 0:12:53.640
<v Speaker 2>was Bernard Huelman's and Ivan T. Sanderson, and this was

0:12:53.640 --> 0:12:56.640
<v Speaker 2>in the fifties and sixties. They published text claiming that

0:12:56.720 --> 0:12:59.920
<v Speaker 2>creatures like Yetty's and the Lockedest Monster might be based

0:13:00.080 --> 0:13:01.960
<v Speaker 2>in reality. And so in.

0:13:01.880 --> 0:13:06.360
<v Speaker 1>Particular, Humelman's was inspired by an earlier Dutch zoologist who

0:13:06.440 --> 0:13:09.319
<v Speaker 1>theorized that reports of giant sea serpents may have been

0:13:09.440 --> 0:13:14.680
<v Speaker 1>quote a large unidentified species of seal. But the amazing

0:13:14.720 --> 0:13:18.480
<v Speaker 1>thing is cryptozoology has led to some real discoveries. So

0:13:18.800 --> 0:13:22.360
<v Speaker 1>in twenty eighteen a Danish expedition went to Lake t

0:13:22.520 --> 0:13:25.360
<v Speaker 1>Lee and this is in the Republic of Congo, and

0:13:25.400 --> 0:13:28.040
<v Speaker 1>they went there to search for a mythical water reptile

0:13:28.080 --> 0:13:31.480
<v Speaker 1>from Bantu mythology. They didn't find the creature, but they

0:13:31.480 --> 0:13:35.360
<v Speaker 1>did discover a new species of algae. Also, a zoologist

0:13:35.440 --> 0:13:38.720
<v Speaker 1>named Darren Nash studied the description of cryptids over time,

0:13:38.880 --> 0:13:42.000
<v Speaker 1>and he found that alleged sea monsters like the one

0:13:42.040 --> 0:13:45.920
<v Speaker 1>in Lockness evolved along with real research, so they went

0:13:45.960 --> 0:13:49.240
<v Speaker 1>from being described as snakelike to adding the idea that

0:13:49.280 --> 0:13:54.160
<v Speaker 1>they had long necks like a dinosaur diplosaurus after the

0:13:54.480 --> 0:13:58.080
<v Speaker 1>event of like you know, dino science in the eighteen hundreds.

0:13:58.240 --> 0:14:00.720
<v Speaker 1>And that means, I guess the next logic step is

0:14:00.760 --> 0:14:04.040
<v Speaker 1>for someone to decide that Dessi is actually an AI robot.

0:14:07.000 --> 0:14:08.839
<v Speaker 2>That's good stuff. All right, we have to take a

0:14:08.920 --> 0:14:10.640
<v Speaker 2>quick ad break, but when we come back, we're going

0:14:10.679 --> 0:14:13.720
<v Speaker 2>to talk about outer space and of course your front lawn,

0:14:13.920 --> 0:14:31.520
<v Speaker 2>so don't go anywhere. Welcome back to part time Genius.

0:14:31.520 --> 0:14:35.080
<v Speaker 2>We're talking about nine weird and wonderful ologies. Now, this

0:14:35.200 --> 0:14:38.600
<v Speaker 2>next one might sound like a pseudoscience, like cripazoology, but

0:14:39.040 --> 0:14:42.800
<v Speaker 2>it's not so. According to NASA, astrobiology is this study

0:14:42.840 --> 0:14:47.280
<v Speaker 2>of the origin, evolution, and distribution of life throughout the universe.

0:14:47.840 --> 0:14:51.000
<v Speaker 2>Is that the search for extraterrestrial lift, I mean, that's

0:14:51.120 --> 0:14:54.000
<v Speaker 2>part of it, but to actually understand the possibility of

0:14:54.040 --> 0:14:56.600
<v Speaker 2>life elsewhere in the universe, you have to study the

0:14:56.640 --> 0:14:59.680
<v Speaker 2>one planet we know supports life, of course, our very

0:14:59.680 --> 0:15:03.360
<v Speaker 2>owner Earth. In fact, a lot of astrobology research takes

0:15:03.400 --> 0:15:07.040
<v Speaker 2>place in the Atacama Desert in South America because its

0:15:07.120 --> 0:15:11.440
<v Speaker 2>terrain is known for sort of approximating Mars, and NASA's

0:15:11.480 --> 0:15:14.720
<v Speaker 2>astrobology team began in the nineteen sixties with what was

0:15:14.760 --> 0:15:17.280
<v Speaker 2>called the Viking Program, which was the first mission to

0:15:17.360 --> 0:15:20.240
<v Speaker 2>land on Mars and look around for signs of life there.

0:15:20.880 --> 0:15:25.840
<v Speaker 2>But these days astrobology has gone way beyond Mars. So Enceladus,

0:15:25.880 --> 0:15:29.560
<v Speaker 2>which was a satellite of Saturn, is particularly promising as

0:15:29.600 --> 0:15:32.440
<v Speaker 2>a place to study because it has jets of ice

0:15:32.520 --> 0:15:36.160
<v Speaker 2>particles coming from its south pole. So astrobologists think the

0:15:36.200 --> 0:15:39.720
<v Speaker 2>ice comes from a reservoir under the surface. There may

0:15:39.760 --> 0:15:42.760
<v Speaker 2>be hot rocks below the reservoir, and that could mean that,

0:15:43.280 --> 0:15:46.240
<v Speaker 2>along with the messane and other gases that are detected there,

0:15:46.800 --> 0:15:50.040
<v Speaker 2>Enceladus has everything needed to actually create life.

0:15:50.280 --> 0:15:53.240
<v Speaker 1>That's amazing, and it's also so funny to talk about

0:15:53.280 --> 0:15:56.480
<v Speaker 1>other planets south poles like m I only think there's

0:15:56.680 --> 0:16:00.520
<v Speaker 1>one south pole, just one, just this Earth's promise. I

0:16:00.600 --> 0:16:04.440
<v Speaker 1>seem to have all right, anyway, one thing that Earth

0:16:04.640 --> 0:16:09.240
<v Speaker 1>has that Enceladus doesn't have, I'm guessing is grass. And

0:16:09.600 --> 0:16:11.840
<v Speaker 1>if you want to know more about grass, which I

0:16:12.000 --> 0:16:15.680
<v Speaker 1>know you do, you have to take up agristology. This

0:16:15.840 --> 0:16:19.480
<v Speaker 1>ology gets its name from the Greek agros, which means field.

0:16:20.240 --> 0:16:23.400
<v Speaker 1>So agristology is the field of studying fields.

0:16:23.440 --> 0:16:24.480
<v Speaker 2>Is that right? Yeah?

0:16:24.600 --> 0:16:26.800
<v Speaker 1>And one of the biggest pioneers in this field of

0:16:26.800 --> 0:16:30.880
<v Speaker 1>fields was an American botanist named Mary Agnes Chase. She

0:16:31.080 --> 0:16:34.000
<v Speaker 1>was born in eighteen sixty nine in Illinois, a place

0:16:34.080 --> 0:16:37.240
<v Speaker 1>with a lot of grass. And even though her formal

0:16:37.360 --> 0:16:40.560
<v Speaker 1>education never went past elementary school, she took all these

0:16:40.560 --> 0:16:44.320
<v Speaker 1>botany classes and began working as an illustrator for the USDA.

0:16:45.040 --> 0:16:48.760
<v Speaker 1>Now her mentor was the botanist Albert Hitchcock, who is

0:16:48.800 --> 0:16:52.720
<v Speaker 1>not Alfred Hitchcock, and they co authored important works about

0:16:52.720 --> 0:16:55.040
<v Speaker 1>grasses of North America and the West Indies.

0:16:55.680 --> 0:16:57.720
<v Speaker 2>What an unfortunate name like. Can you imagine how many

0:16:57.720 --> 0:16:59.680
<v Speaker 2>times people were disappointed when they thought they were going

0:16:59.720 --> 0:17:01.520
<v Speaker 2>to meet it. Alfred Hitchcock at a party in house

0:17:01.640 --> 0:17:04.040
<v Speaker 2>was like, no, no, no, this is Albert Hitchcock, the guy

0:17:04.040 --> 0:17:05.280
<v Speaker 2>who studies grass.

0:17:06.119 --> 0:17:10.200
<v Speaker 1>It is amazing, but we can't lose focus on Mary

0:17:10.200 --> 0:17:13.800
<v Speaker 1>Agnes Chase, who was a committed feminist too. She was

0:17:13.840 --> 0:17:18.320
<v Speaker 1>a suffragist and a member of the Silent Sentinels, which

0:17:18.359 --> 0:17:20.920
<v Speaker 1>was this group that led protests outside the White House,

0:17:21.000 --> 0:17:24.760
<v Speaker 1>and her activism and her gender really impacted her career.

0:17:25.280 --> 0:17:30.159
<v Speaker 1>At one point, Hitchcock, Albert Hitchcock, tried to readirect some

0:17:30.200 --> 0:17:32.719
<v Speaker 1>of his own research grant money to her, and this

0:17:32.800 --> 0:17:37.359
<v Speaker 1>official at the Smithsonian refused the offer, saying, quote, I

0:17:37.480 --> 0:17:40.600
<v Speaker 1>doubt the advisability of engaging the services of a woman

0:17:40.760 --> 0:17:44.080
<v Speaker 1>for the purpose. But Chase actually paved the way for

0:17:44.240 --> 0:17:48.440
<v Speaker 1>other female agristologists, making connections with and mentoring women all

0:17:48.480 --> 0:17:51.320
<v Speaker 1>around the world and in what can only be described

0:17:51.359 --> 0:17:55.119
<v Speaker 1>as poetic justice. In nineteen fifty eight, she was named

0:17:55.160 --> 0:17:59.399
<v Speaker 1>an Honorary Fellow of the Smithsonian. Yeah, I'm glad she

0:17:59.440 --> 0:18:02.840
<v Speaker 1>finally got her do all right. So our next ology

0:18:02.960 --> 0:18:06.040
<v Speaker 1>is relogy, or the study of flow, and so to

0:18:06.119 --> 0:18:08.760
<v Speaker 1>learn more about this, I spent some time with Helen Joyner,

0:18:08.840 --> 0:18:13.640
<v Speaker 1>aka Reologist on sabbatical. This is a channel on YouTube,

0:18:13.680 --> 0:18:18.639
<v Speaker 1>and specifically she's a food reologist. So the flow of food, Like,

0:18:18.680 --> 0:18:22.679
<v Speaker 1>what's that mean? It's like you know, making nutella have

0:18:22.720 --> 0:18:24.840
<v Speaker 1>the right amount of give when you dig a knife

0:18:24.880 --> 0:18:27.800
<v Speaker 1>into the jar, or making natural peanut butter stir together

0:18:27.920 --> 0:18:31.240
<v Speaker 1>before you know your arm tires out, and all things

0:18:31.240 --> 0:18:33.120
<v Speaker 1>that we can identify with This definitely makes me want

0:18:33.119 --> 0:18:35.080
<v Speaker 1>some new tell of just saying that peanut butter.

0:18:35.680 --> 0:18:38.520
<v Speaker 2>Definitely. But you know, perhaps the most important thing I

0:18:38.600 --> 0:18:42.880
<v Speaker 2>learned from watching Joiner's channel is that relogy can't measure texture.

0:18:43.400 --> 0:18:46.760
<v Speaker 2>That's because texture is more qualitative. It can only be

0:18:46.800 --> 0:18:51.640
<v Speaker 2>described by your experience of it. There are proxies for texture,

0:18:51.760 --> 0:18:54.960
<v Speaker 2>like yield stress, which is how easily a knife cuts

0:18:54.960 --> 0:18:58.840
<v Speaker 2>into something. So higher yield stress means higher viscosity, which

0:18:58.880 --> 0:19:02.920
<v Speaker 2>often feels better in our mouths. So is relogy just

0:19:02.960 --> 0:19:06.000
<v Speaker 2>about foods, No, not at all. Like Joiner has super

0:19:06.040 --> 0:19:09.400
<v Speaker 2>long hair, and as she explains, realogy can also explain

0:19:09.480 --> 0:19:12.000
<v Speaker 2>why dry hair is harder to style than wet hair.

0:19:12.440 --> 0:19:16.080
<v Speaker 2>So dry hair is frictionless and slips over itself, and

0:19:16.119 --> 0:19:19.040
<v Speaker 2>the height and friction of wet hair doesn't slip, and

0:19:19.080 --> 0:19:21.560
<v Speaker 2>so it stays in place where you put it, like

0:19:21.600 --> 0:19:24.080
<v Speaker 2>in braids or a faux hawk or whatever you want

0:19:24.119 --> 0:19:24.680
<v Speaker 2>to do with it.

0:19:24.680 --> 0:19:27.320
<v Speaker 1>It's really fascinating that there's a whole field of order

0:19:27.440 --> 0:19:32.320
<v Speaker 1>to just how things flow right, It's amazing. Okay, So

0:19:32.359 --> 0:19:36.720
<v Speaker 1>it's time for our last ology, literally, and this is eschatology,

0:19:36.840 --> 0:19:38.480
<v Speaker 1>which is the study of the end of the world.

0:19:38.600 --> 0:19:41.800
<v Speaker 1>And the good news is it's more about studying different

0:19:41.840 --> 0:19:44.320
<v Speaker 1>stories and theories about the end of the world than

0:19:44.359 --> 0:19:47.160
<v Speaker 1>it is of facts that might indicate the world is ending.

0:19:47.800 --> 0:19:49.800
<v Speaker 1>I like that you describe that as good news. I mean,

0:19:49.800 --> 0:19:52.040
<v Speaker 1>that still sounds a little depressing to me. I mean,

0:19:52.200 --> 0:19:54.240
<v Speaker 1>it could be. And there are two main types of

0:19:54.320 --> 0:19:59.240
<v Speaker 1>eschatological stories. So there's linear cosmology aka the kind with

0:19:59.320 --> 0:20:03.120
<v Speaker 1>a single end point, and cyclical cosmology aka the kind

0:20:03.160 --> 0:20:07.400
<v Speaker 1>that brings about rebirth through regeneration. So Western fates typically

0:20:07.440 --> 0:20:10.480
<v Speaker 1>engage in the first kind of ending, and Eastern religions

0:20:10.520 --> 0:20:14.520
<v Speaker 1>like Hinduism and Buddhism fall into the latter category, where

0:20:14.680 --> 0:20:17.560
<v Speaker 1>the world starts all over again, either in whole or

0:20:17.720 --> 0:20:20.400
<v Speaker 1>for each soul. So I mean, I guess you would

0:20:20.400 --> 0:20:23.960
<v Speaker 1>say this is more social science than kind of science science. Yeah,

0:20:24.000 --> 0:20:26.040
<v Speaker 1>it seems that way, but that's not exactly the case.

0:20:26.080 --> 0:20:29.280
<v Speaker 1>There's also a branch of eschatology that gets more literal,

0:20:29.720 --> 0:20:33.400
<v Speaker 1>and this uses principles of astrophysics to approximate how much

0:20:33.440 --> 0:20:36.200
<v Speaker 1>time the Earth has before it stops sustaining human life

0:20:36.720 --> 0:20:40.200
<v Speaker 1>or if a meteor hits. And so these include really

0:20:40.200 --> 0:20:43.800
<v Speaker 1>fun theories like the big rip, the Big crunch, the

0:20:43.840 --> 0:20:47.399
<v Speaker 1>Big bounce, and the Big freeze, which I don't know

0:20:47.400 --> 0:20:49.520
<v Speaker 1>why they all have to have big in them, but

0:20:49.520 --> 0:20:50.000
<v Speaker 1>what they.

0:20:49.880 --> 0:20:53.159
<v Speaker 2>Do that's pretty wild. Yeah.

0:20:53.200 --> 0:20:55.560
<v Speaker 1>So I'm going to give you this week's trophy because

0:20:55.680 --> 0:20:59.359
<v Speaker 1>our producer Mary was so excited about your bell ringing fact,

0:21:00.240 --> 0:21:02.359
<v Speaker 1>and you know she and you talked about it earlier.

0:21:02.600 --> 0:21:05.200
<v Speaker 1>She actually went out and hung out with some bell

0:21:05.320 --> 0:21:08.280
<v Speaker 1>ringers this week and learned to do math with bells

0:21:08.400 --> 0:21:12.399
<v Speaker 1>at a tall height. So yeah, it is really fun.

0:21:12.520 --> 0:21:15.280
<v Speaker 1>And she said the community is incredible and she is

0:21:15.320 --> 0:21:16.719
<v Speaker 1>going to come on here and talk about it at

0:21:16.760 --> 0:21:17.119
<v Speaker 1>some point.

0:21:18.200 --> 0:21:20.479
<v Speaker 2>Wow, that is so fun. All right, Well, thank you.

0:21:20.520 --> 0:21:22.760
<v Speaker 2>It is an honor, and thank you Mary. So that

0:21:22.800 --> 0:21:25.080
<v Speaker 2>does it for today's episode. If you like what you heard,

0:21:25.119 --> 0:21:27.639
<v Speaker 2>please subscribe on your favorite podcast app and leave us

0:21:27.640 --> 0:21:29.720
<v Speaker 2>a nice rating and review while you're at it. This

0:21:29.800 --> 0:21:33.760
<v Speaker 2>episode was written by Lizzie Jacobs, an amateur peanut butter reologist.

0:21:34.040 --> 0:21:36.400
<v Speaker 2>Thanks so much, Lizzie, and I'll be back next week.

0:21:36.440 --> 0:21:39.480
<v Speaker 2>With a new episode and in the meantime from Dylan Gay,

0:21:39.760 --> 0:21:53.720
<v Speaker 2>Mary Mango and Me thank you so much for listening.

0:21:54.440 --> 0:21:57.760
<v Speaker 1>Part Time Genius is a production of Kaleidoscope and iHeartRadio.

0:21:58.280 --> 0:22:01.680
<v Speaker 1>This show is hosted by Will Pierce and Me Mongish

0:22:01.720 --> 0:22:05.600
<v Speaker 1>Heatikler and research by our good pal Mary Philip Sandy.

0:22:06.200 --> 0:22:09.560
<v Speaker 1>Today's episode was engineered and produced by the wonderful Dylan

0:22:09.600 --> 0:22:13.280
<v Speaker 1>Fagan with support from Tyler Klang. The show is executive

0:22:13.320 --> 0:22:16.879
<v Speaker 1>produced for iHeart by Katrina Norvell and Ali Perry, with

0:22:16.960 --> 0:22:20.719
<v Speaker 1>social media support from Sasha Gay, Trustee Dara Potts and

0:22:20.840 --> 0:22:25.560
<v Speaker 1>Viny Shorey. For more podcasts from Kaleidoscope and iHeartRadio, visit

0:22:25.600 --> 0:22:29.480
<v Speaker 1>the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to

0:22:29.520 --> 0:22:43.359
<v Speaker 1>your favorite shows.