WEBVTT - No More Waking Up in a Bathtub Full of Ice

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<v Speaker 1>Brought to you by Toyota. Let's go places. Welcome to

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<v Speaker 1>Forward Thinking. Hi there everyone, Welcome to Forward Thinking. I

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<v Speaker 1>am host number one Jonathan Strickland, and with me our

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<v Speaker 1>hosts two and three introduce yourselves. Hi, I'm Lauren Vocalbam.

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<v Speaker 1>Hi am Joe McCormick. And what are we talking about today? Joe, Well,

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<v Speaker 1>we're gonna be talking about three D printing. And to

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<v Speaker 1>start off a little bit, Uh, three D printing is

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<v Speaker 1>basically exactly what it sounds like. The way you print

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<v Speaker 1>a document today is you get an image of what

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<v Speaker 1>that document would look like on your computer and that's

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<v Speaker 1>digitally rendered. It's sent to the printer, and then the

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<v Speaker 1>printer creates that in the real world with ink on

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<v Speaker 1>a page. Now, of course that's basically for all intensive

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<v Speaker 1>purposes two dimensional. Extend that another dimension. Now you have

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<v Speaker 1>a machine that takes a digital model and it creates

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<v Speaker 1>a three dimensional object. So this is what we would

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<v Speaker 1>call additive manufacturing. So you can take any kind of

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<v Speaker 1>multiple material like plastic or glass or metal, and you

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<v Speaker 1>can create an object with a printer that lays on

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<v Speaker 1>tiny layers, one little bit at a time to create

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<v Speaker 1>any object. You can design in a digital way. Cool. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>and this is used in a lot of different fields,

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<v Speaker 1>including in manufacturing. A lot of prototypes are made this

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<v Speaker 1>way because, uh, you know prototypes. Traditionally, the way that

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<v Speaker 1>people would make a prototype model of a product would

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<v Speaker 1>be to take some sort of material and carve away

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<v Speaker 1>at it until you reach whatever you know your destination

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<v Speaker 1>product is. Hence additive manufacturing instead of subtractive exactly. Yeah, yeah, exactly,

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<v Speaker 1>because you're subtracting material to get to what you want.

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<v Speaker 1>But with three D printing, you're you're just adding what

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<v Speaker 1>is needed, so there's there's not really you don't have

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<v Speaker 1>that problem of waste like you would if you were

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<v Speaker 1>carving or melting stuff way. So here's an even cooler

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<v Speaker 1>thing that we could do with three D printing. Though

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<v Speaker 1>of course you can make a chess piece or an

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<v Speaker 1>action figure. Those are both on my list, right, What

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<v Speaker 1>if you could make a kidney or a liver so like,

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<v Speaker 1>and you're talking not for dinner, but for actual medical

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<v Speaker 1>purposes in an organ that works. That that is phenomenal

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<v Speaker 1>and there are people who are working on that. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>it's actually hypothetically not all that very far off. Researchers

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<v Speaker 1>have just recently created the first the first live human

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<v Speaker 1>well they're they're working towards the first live human tissue.

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<v Speaker 1>They've created a three D printer that instead of using

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<v Speaker 1>ink or plastic or or whatever else you would put

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<v Speaker 1>in a printer, it deals out these droplets of embryonic

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<v Speaker 1>human stem cells um in a nutrient soup. And it

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<v Speaker 1>does this so gently and so precisely that the cells

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<v Speaker 1>remain living and remain capable of developing two different cell types.

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<v Speaker 1>So what you could do is, by using these stem

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<v Speaker 1>cells and using the appropriate type of tissue, you could

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<v Speaker 1>print them in such a formation as to create an organ.

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<v Speaker 1>I mean, that's that's kind of like the the goal

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<v Speaker 1>we're talking about the end right now. They're basically just

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<v Speaker 1>just printing little layers of soup and saying the soup

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<v Speaker 1>could become something someday. Layers of soup. That's that sounds

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<v Speaker 1>like a great name for a band, not a Frank's

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<v Speaker 1>Apple album, It might very well be. You know, kids,

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<v Speaker 1>ask your parents the yeah, this is this is some

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<v Speaker 1>really cool applications here. Well, yeah, they already think they

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<v Speaker 1>can do some really amazing things with this. Just one

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<v Speaker 1>example is, um imagine, there's a burn victim who has

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<v Speaker 1>lots of cellular damage all over the surface of the body. Um. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>in some cases, if the burns are small enough, you

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<v Speaker 1>could get skin grafts that helped cover up the burned areas.

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<v Speaker 1>But imagine if there are a lot of burns that

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<v Speaker 1>there's you know, you can't cover it with skin grafts. Well,

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<v Speaker 1>you could print with a with a medical three D printer,

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<v Speaker 1>you could print a layer of cells to go over

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<v Speaker 1>the burned areas that could help help the wound heal

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<v Speaker 1>faster and help prevent infection and contend disease. Yeah, and

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<v Speaker 1>that's incredibly important with burns. Infection is one of those

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<v Speaker 1>things that can make a serious condition a critical condition. Uh.

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<v Speaker 1>And that's true for any major injury. And in fact,

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<v Speaker 1>I was reading about potential Actually I wasn't reading. I

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<v Speaker 1>was watching. There was a great video a TED talk

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<v Speaker 1>by Anthony Atala and this dates back to two thousand

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<v Speaker 1>eleven when he was talking about a potential new technology

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<v Speaker 1>that what it would do is scan someone who has

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<v Speaker 1>suffered a wound and then after scanning the wound would

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<v Speaker 1>immediately start to print repairs to the body. So that

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<v Speaker 1>could be tissue everything from from muscle tissue to ligaments,

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<v Speaker 1>to bone, to even to skin, so that it would

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<v Speaker 1>be a multi pass system. The first pass would be

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<v Speaker 1>the scan, the next pass would be printing, and it

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<v Speaker 1>would probably scan and print, scan and print, and you

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<v Speaker 1>would he wounds incredibly rapidly, not quite so fast as

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<v Speaker 1>in the series that we all love, Star Trek. It's

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<v Speaker 1>not quite a trick quarter yet, not not yet, but

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<v Speaker 1>it's it's that's a phenomenal idea. And and beyond that,

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<v Speaker 1>there's the idea of just printing out a replacement organ

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<v Speaker 1>based upon the patient's cells, so that the organ has

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<v Speaker 1>a high does not have as higher risk of being

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<v Speaker 1>rejected by the body. So that's something we all know about.

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<v Speaker 1>You know, you in order to get a transplant these days,

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<v Speaker 1>you have to have an organ donor, and that donor

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<v Speaker 1>has to be compatible with the patient. By printing, you

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<v Speaker 1>could print out an organ that's already compatible with the patient,

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<v Speaker 1>and that reduces the chance the body will reject the organ.

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<v Speaker 1>You're never going to reduce that chance to zero, at

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<v Speaker 1>least not based on our understanding of how the human

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<v Speaker 1>body works right now, but you could definitely impact it.

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<v Speaker 1>And all of this is pretty far off. I mean,

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<v Speaker 1>like I said, they're right now using embryonic human stem cells.

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<v Speaker 1>If we could move into using peripotent stem cells from

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<v Speaker 1>made from adult sure adult stem cells. Where it's the

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<v Speaker 1>issue here is that embryonic stem cells have the opportunity

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<v Speaker 1>to develop into lots of different kinds of tissue. Adults

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<v Speaker 1>stem cells tend to be more already a little specialized

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<v Speaker 1>that they're limited in what kind of tissues they can

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<v Speaker 1>become based upon our most of our applications right now,

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<v Speaker 1>but this would give us many more options right when

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<v Speaker 1>we're when we need to pronoup material. Also, I should

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<v Speaker 1>point out that three D printers can work in biomedical materials,

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<v Speaker 1>not just actual human tissue. They've been practicing with using

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<v Speaker 1>different artificial human tissue right that can that can be

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<v Speaker 1>printed out and then using a very focused laser zapped

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<v Speaker 1>into into an appropriate form to form for example, of

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<v Speaker 1>blood vessel. And this this is incredible stuff. It's also

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<v Speaker 1>very tricky because there are only so many materials that

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<v Speaker 1>you can introduce to a human system without the risk

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<v Speaker 1>of action or rejection. But one application outside the human body,

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<v Speaker 1>of course, would be research. Sure, Yeah, if you could

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<v Speaker 1>manufacture organs that you could do research on without endangering

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<v Speaker 1>actual human tissue that's attached to somebody or a cute, fuzzy,

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<v Speaker 1>funny rabbit or yeah, yeah you could. You're having to

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<v Speaker 1>take it from yeah yeah. I think about think about

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<v Speaker 1>pharmaceutical tests where grant. This raises up a lot of

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<v Speaker 1>ethical questions. You know, I'm sure people would ask is

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<v Speaker 1>it ethical to create artificial you're creating real organs using

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<v Speaker 1>this three D printing technique. Actually, if you used any

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<v Speaker 1>technique to do this, but three D printing is the

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<v Speaker 1>one we're concentrating on. Um if you were to create

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<v Speaker 1>those organs, is it ethical to be able to do

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<v Speaker 1>these sort of tests? From my perspective, I I tend

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<v Speaker 1>to think yes. I think that's far more ethical than

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<v Speaker 1>having to ask for a volunteer population or to take

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<v Speaker 1>animals which have no ability to consent to the sort

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<v Speaker 1>of test testing, and to think like, Okay, well we've developed,

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<v Speaker 1>for instance, we've developed a new drug that's meant to

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<v Speaker 1>fight off a Shuler disease, but we don't know how

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<v Speaker 1>it would affect healthy tissue. This would be a way

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<v Speaker 1>of being able to do those tests in a manner

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<v Speaker 1>that's not going to put at risk the life of

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<v Speaker 1>an actual person, so it could be incredibly effective. Also,

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<v Speaker 1>I think it's important to remember that for us to

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<v Speaker 1>reach that amazing future where we have the six million

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<v Speaker 1>dollar man, uh, not all of those parts need to

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<v Speaker 1>be robotic in nature. We can create bigger, faster, stronger

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<v Speaker 1>organs because we'll have the technology. No way, I just

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<v Speaker 1>want a stomach that lets me eat ghost peppers without

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<v Speaker 1>feeling badly afterwards, because I loves the spicy. But you know, hey,

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<v Speaker 1>the show is not all about how does Jonathan take

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<v Speaker 1>future technologies and bend them to his own will? No,

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<v Speaker 1>it kind of is really okay alright, so no, I

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<v Speaker 1>definitely want that. But seriously though that the the potential

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<v Speaker 1>benefits here are phenomenal. It means that we could get

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<v Speaker 1>to a point where there won't be a place for

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<v Speaker 1>you to put on your driver's license that you're an

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<v Speaker 1>organ donor because it's not necessary, which would be a

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<v Speaker 1>wonderful world to live in where people who have a

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<v Speaker 1>desperate need for an organ transplant aren't in a waiting

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<v Speaker 1>game where they have no idea when, if ever they

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<v Speaker 1>will receive an oregan right and hopefully eliminate an organ

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<v Speaker 1>black market all of that kind of scary territory. Sure. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>I mean if we're talking about something that is widely

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<v Speaker 1>distributed in particular, then you have eliminated an entire uh

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<v Speaker 1>possible black market. You know, you've reduced the risk of

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<v Speaker 1>of people being forcibly uh submitted to organ transplants. For

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<v Speaker 1>the TV will have no more jokes about bathtubs. Full

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<v Speaker 1>advice that would be do we want to live in

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<v Speaker 1>that world where we don't have that joke? That's okay

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<v Speaker 1>because we have other jokes like aren't you glad you

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<v Speaker 1>didn't turn on the light? Those police procedural There's also

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<v Speaker 1>the you know, the the hook that's hanging from the

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<v Speaker 1>door handle. There are plenty of other urban legends that

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<v Speaker 1>we can really concentrate. True, the next generation of prosthetics

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<v Speaker 1>could make that story history too, that's true. Well, you

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<v Speaker 1>know what, I'm confident that our futuristic world will generate

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<v Speaker 1>all new urban legends for us to to really focus on.

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<v Speaker 1>You know, but yeah, you'll have the I don't know

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<v Speaker 1>what the robot hanging off the exactly he has the

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<v Speaker 1>robotic arm and thinking that law, the crazed robot that

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<v Speaker 1>roams the hills. Oh man, I look forward to telling

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<v Speaker 1>that urban legend around a digital campfires one day. But yeah, yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>this is getting back to the three D printing in

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<v Speaker 1>the human tissue to get a little more serious. This

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<v Speaker 1>is something that I am really genuinely excited about. It's

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<v Speaker 1>this thought of of being able to to really improve

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<v Speaker 1>the health conditions of people who desperately need it. And

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<v Speaker 1>of course we're all starting to live longer. I mean

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<v Speaker 1>our our our health has improved over time so that

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<v Speaker 1>our lifespans have extended quite a bit, and that means

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<v Speaker 1>that there are more opportunities for things to fail. So

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<v Speaker 1>more and more of us are going to be in

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<v Speaker 1>an experience where something like this might be necessary. So

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<v Speaker 1>to see this technology starting to blossom today and know

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<v Speaker 1>that within you know, a generation or two, it may

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<v Speaker 1>be sophisticated enough where an Oregon donor is something that

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<v Speaker 1>just you you've only heard about in you know, history

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<v Speaker 1>text history textbooks or visiting me in the old folks

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<v Speaker 1>home when I sit there and talk about the the

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<v Speaker 1>old days when you had to wait for a donor. Um.

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<v Speaker 1>So I'm I'm genuinely excited about this and I can't

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<v Speaker 1>wait to see how it continues. And uh, and so

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<v Speaker 1>that wraps up our discussion here on three D printing

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<v Speaker 1>and human tissue. We've got so much more to say, guys,

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<v Speaker 1>make sure you visit our website. It's forward thinking dot Com,

0:11:53.080 --> 0:11:56.600
<v Speaker 1>that's f w thinking dot Com. We take these topics

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<v Speaker 1>and we really break them down in video format, in

0:11:59.800 --> 0:12:03.240
<v Speaker 1>the audio podcast and blog posts, and we really want

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<v Speaker 1>to hear from you and what you are interested in

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<v Speaker 1>and the sort of things that gets you excited about

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<v Speaker 1>the future, because this really needs to be a conversation.

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<v Speaker 1>So make sure you join us and we will talk

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<v Speaker 1>to you again really soon. We're more on this topic

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<v Speaker 1>and the future of technology. Visit forward thinking dot Com

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<v Speaker 1>brought to you by Toyota. Let's go Places.