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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 2: Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and there's

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Speaker 2: Chuck and Jerry's here too. Jerry's at Cabin in the

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Speaker 2: woods even and this is Stuff you Should Know podcasting

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Speaker 2: from the future.

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Speaker 1: That's right, And we are going to take a couple

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Speaker 1: of minutes here at the head of the show to

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Speaker 1: pay tribute to HowStuffWorks dot com founder Marshall Brain, who

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Speaker 1: passed away last November at the age of sixty three.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, he is the guy who started at all and

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Speaker 2: it's really hard to understate the impact that that guy

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Speaker 2: had on our lives.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, just about Marshall. He was an electrical engineer, had

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Speaker 1: a Bachelor of Science. He was a longtime professor he State,

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Speaker 1: and in nineteen ninety eight he founded as a hobby

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Speaker 1: HowStuffWorks dot Com because he wanted to. He had a

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Speaker 1: very pure goal, which was to make complex things understandable

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Speaker 1: and relatable to everyday people. And that is you know,

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Speaker 1: that's what we still do. We were hired as writers there.

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Speaker 1: I never met Marshall personally. I think I saw him

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Speaker 1: come through the office a couple of times early on,

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Speaker 1: but I never had the pleasure of actually sitting down

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Speaker 1: with the guy.

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Speaker 2: I met him a couple of times. He was a

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Speaker 2: good guy. He I think some of his first articles.

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Speaker 2: I think the first one might have.

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Speaker 3: Been like how air conditioning works?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, remember Scooby Doo. We did an episode on Scooby

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Speaker 2: Doo based on one of his articles.

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Speaker 1: Was that Marshall?

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Speaker 3: Yeah totally Oh interesting, But yeah, he was a very

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Speaker 3: good guy.

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Speaker 2: And without him, I can tell you I would not

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Speaker 2: be podcasting, And if I were, it probably wouldn't be

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Speaker 2: a very good podcast because you and I would have

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Speaker 2: never met, and I would have never met. Like the

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Speaker 2: fact that Marshall came along and founded How Stuff Works

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Speaker 2: set my destiny in a lot of ways. So I'm

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Speaker 2: really grateful to him for that.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, for both of us. He was also an author.

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Speaker 1: One of his books is called The Doomsday Book, colon

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Speaker 1: the science behind Humanity's Greatest Threats, something that Josh has

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Speaker 1: particular interest in.

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Speaker 3: Yeah for sure.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, he's a transhumanist, down with Nick Bostrom and all

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Speaker 2: those guys.

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Speaker 1: Yeah. So Marshall was also a TV host. He eventually

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Speaker 1: was the director of NC State's Engineering Opportunities Program, which

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Speaker 1: helped mentor aspiring inventors, and Marshall was survived by his wife, Leanne,

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Speaker 1: his four kids, David, Arena, Johnny, and Ian, and their

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Speaker 1: dog Summer. And it was just really sad to hear

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Speaker 1: the news because, like you said, Marshall wouldn't for him,

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Speaker 1: we wouldn't be here now. And we'd like to think

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Speaker 1: we're still carrying on his tradition of making complex things accessible.

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Speaker 2: I like to think that too. Yeah, So here's to you, Marshall,

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Speaker 2: rest in peace. And as tribute, we chose an article,

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Speaker 2: one of the few ones that we hadn't recorded, that

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Speaker 2: that Marshall wrote originally on GPS. And this is like

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Speaker 2: bread and butter Marshal brain stuff. There's engineering, there's science.

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Speaker 2: There's some more engineering, uh huh, there's figuring things out

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Speaker 2: with circles and diameters and stuff like that, like straight

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Speaker 2: up Marshal stuff.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, classic Marshal, classic house stuff works. And even though

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Speaker 1: our show is kind of grown and more, if it's

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Speaker 1: fun to go back and do these every now and then.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, for sure. So let's get started, shall we.

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Speaker 1: All Right, GPS tells you where you are the end,

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Speaker 1: There you go.

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Speaker 3: That's that's word for word Marshall's article.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, it's actually sounds intimidating, but it's really not at all.

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Speaker 1: It's a pretty simple process, believe it or not.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, surprisingly, But what it is.

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Speaker 1: Overall, GPS is a as Marshall wrote, a space based

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Speaker 1: radio navigation system that technically GPS is the one that

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Speaker 1: the US government owns. If you had lived in another country,

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Speaker 1: it's not called GPS, it's called a GNSS.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, Global Navigation Satellite system is the generic term. And

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Speaker 2: GPS has become like the Kleenex of global navigation satellite systems,

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Speaker 2: like it's the proprietary eponym.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly. But you know, that's what the system is

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Speaker 1: that tells you where you are when you take out

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Speaker 1: your little smartphone and say where in the world am

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Speaker 1: I or how in the world do I get somewhere?

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Speaker 1: If you want to get somewhere, they got to know

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Speaker 1: where you are at that moment, and that's why you

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Speaker 1: can do that twenty four seven.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, And GPS is owned and operated by the American government,

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Speaker 2: and it's paid for by the American taxpayers. But it's

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Speaker 2: used worldwide. I think out of eight points something billion

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Speaker 2: people on the planet today, six billion of them use

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Speaker 2: GPS every day. So it's America's gift, I think, is

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Speaker 2: what I'm trying to say, because if anything, that's what

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Speaker 2: America is known for. It's like creating things and giving

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Speaker 2: it away to the rest of the.

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Speaker 3: World for free.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, well, we'll see what happens with that. You never know,

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Speaker 1: but right now, that's the current situation. They do this

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Speaker 1: with satellites at least twenty four. Usually there's more than thirty.

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Speaker 1: And if wherever you are on Earth, if you had

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Speaker 1: you know, super super long vision, you could look up

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Speaker 1: and see four of these bad boys with your eyeballs

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Speaker 1: because you got to have those four to tell you

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Speaker 1: where you are for sure.

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Speaker 2: Technically you just need three, but let's not get into

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Speaker 2: that right now. Okay, So those satellites are up a

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Speaker 2: medium Earth orbit about eleven thousand miles above Earth. They

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Speaker 2: circle it constantly. They're not geostationary, so they circle the

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Speaker 2: Earth and they rise and set I guess every twelve hours,

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Speaker 2: so twice a day. They're like the tides basically, and

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Speaker 2: the GPS satellites are just one component. There's three components.

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Speaker 2: There's a satellite component, there's the control component, which is

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Speaker 2: on the ground, the Space Force runs GPS, so they're

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Speaker 2: constantly tracking, monitoring, telling satellites what to do, like really

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Speaker 2: bossing them around. And then the third component is you,

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Speaker 2: the person using GPS, or more technically your receiver that

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Speaker 2: is telling you where you are in the world.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, that's the important part, because I've tried. I've gone

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Speaker 1: out there without a phone and just shouted up where

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Speaker 1: am I nothing?

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Speaker 3: They're like, get a phone.

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Speaker 1: One of the cool things about GPS is this was

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Speaker 1: kind of roughly figured out a long time before we

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Speaker 1: even had satellites. There was a doctor, doctor Ivan Getting,

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Speaker 1: who is a physicist and American, who basically said, hey,

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Speaker 1: you know what, you could find out someone's three D

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Speaker 1: coordinates if you use radio signals and just calculated the

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Speaker 1: time it takes for those signals from different sources to

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Speaker 1: reach a single point on Earth and that's GPS basically.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 2: And the people around Getting, especially his greatest critics, were like, oh, yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 2: how are you going to do that? There's nothing up

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Speaker 2: in space, you jerk, How are you going.

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Speaker 3: To do it?

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Speaker 1: Exactly?

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Speaker 2: And he said, just wait, And they sat around and

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Speaker 2: they waited, I don't know how long. They waited for

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Speaker 2: a while, and they finally went home, and then a

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Speaker 2: couple of years after that, the Soviets came to the

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Speaker 2: rescue in a certain weird way. They launched Sputnik, and

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Speaker 2: in America, in the United States, it was not a

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Speaker 2: happy time. They called it the Sputnik crisis because basically

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Speaker 2: at the time, we thought the Soviets were just like

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Speaker 2: some backwater backwards country, and all of a sudden they

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Speaker 2: were the first ones to launch a satellite into space,

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Speaker 2: and it took us by surprise. But doctor Getting's theory

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Speaker 2: was able to be put into use because American scientists

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Speaker 2: figured out that you could track Sputnik because it's radio signals.

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Speaker 2: I don't know quite how to put it. Let's say

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Speaker 2: they engaged in the Doppler effect. They dabbled in Doppler

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Speaker 2: so that when the satellite was moving away from you,

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Speaker 2: the frequency that reached you here on Earth was different

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Speaker 2: than the frequency when the satellite was moving towards you,

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Speaker 2: or when the satellite was just stationed above you. So

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Speaker 2: they figured out that you can track satellites based on

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Speaker 2: these radio signals, and that gave the initial rise to GPS,

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Speaker 2: which is you need to track the satellites to know

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Speaker 2: where they are because that is an essential piece of

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Speaker 2: information for GPS, and that kind of led to people saying, like, okay,

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Speaker 2: let's get getting's idea off the ground.

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Speaker 1: Literally, yeah, literally, off the ground and into space. Sputnik

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Speaker 1: was October fifty seven, and a couple of years later

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Speaker 1: we said, oh, yeah, we'll see your Sputnik and we'll

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Speaker 1: raise it five satellites or I guess raise it four

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Speaker 1: for a total of five satellites.

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Speaker 3: Sure, all aces, that's right.

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Speaker 1: And this was nineteen sixty I'm sorry. In nineteen sixty

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Speaker 1: seven they had really precise clocks on board these satellites.

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Speaker 1: And then just five years, six years after that, in

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Speaker 1: seventy three, Navstar was formed and that is the system,

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Speaker 1: the program that is GPS basically. And then we said,

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Speaker 1: all right, now, it's just gonna take this about twenty

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Speaker 1: years to figure all this out.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, nineteen ninety five, the whole thing was finally operational.

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Speaker 2: They just kept shooting up satellites and tinkering with it

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Speaker 2: and get it going. And I wish we would have

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Speaker 2: kept the name Navstar. I think it's a little cooler

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Speaker 2: than GPS, but I don't know, maybe it sounds a

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Speaker 2: little more hostile or assertive. So GPS is probably okay.

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Speaker 1: You want to talk about assertive. What about space.

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Speaker 3: Force Space forces? I don't know, it's space Forces. That's

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Speaker 3: the name.

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Speaker 1: Sounds like a movie. It does, like a mel Brooks movie.

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Speaker 3: It us.

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Speaker 2: But so we called the GPS and there were two

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Speaker 2: versions that they released at the same time. One was

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Speaker 2: L one. That bandwidth was used for civilian purposes, everything

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Speaker 2: from well, if you weren't in the military, let's say

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Speaker 2: you used L one, If you were in the military

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Speaker 2: used L two.

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Speaker 3: It's much more.

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Speaker 2: Precise out of the gate. But the entire reason that

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Speaker 2: this went from what I think was originally a military

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Speaker 2: project intended just for use by the military, to one

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Speaker 2: where everybody who had a GPS receiver could use it

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Speaker 2: for free, was actually based on a tragedy that occurred

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Speaker 2: in nineteen I think eighty three with Korean Airlines Flight

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Speaker 2: zero zero seven.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, that was a flight intended to go from New

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Speaker 1: York to Seoul. To get there, they were flying over

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Speaker 1: Alaska and still today we don't really know why, but

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Speaker 1: it veered off course about two hundred miles into Soviet airspace.

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Speaker 1: This was not a great area of Soviet airspace to

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Speaker 1: be near because it was near some secret military installations,

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Speaker 1: and so they scrambled a couple of fighter jets, Soviets

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Speaker 1: did miggs I reckon, and they tried to contact the plane,

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Speaker 1: could not get in touch, and then down the plane

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Speaker 1: with a missile and killed everybody, two hundred and sixty

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Speaker 1: nine people. I remember this. I was twelve. Oh yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I mean, you know, of course I didn't understand something

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Speaker 1: like that fully at twelve, but I remember it being,

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Speaker 1: you know, all across the news.

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Speaker 2: Well, having been raised in the United States and being twelve.

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Speaker 3: In nineteen eighty three during the Cold War.

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Speaker 2: I bet you were so mad at the Rusky Comis

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Speaker 2: for doing that.

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Speaker 1: Oh man, oh man. There was probably a song on

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Speaker 1: FM radio that you know, encapsulated this. Oh I'm sure

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Speaker 1: like that a DJ made, you know, not a real song,

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Speaker 1: right right, There were so many It used to be

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Speaker 1: such a thing.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it was. Weirdly, it was a thing. But I'll

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Speaker 2: bet it was the survivor that sang the song.

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Speaker 1: Yeah. Probably. What I don't fully get now. What I

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Speaker 1: do get is that, you know, airplanes and air airlines

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Speaker 1: have GPS on their airplanes, so they don't do this now.

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Speaker 1: But why did that like broaden it to the public

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Speaker 1: at large, Like, couldn't they have just said, all right,

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Speaker 1: it's for the military and for the FAA.

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Speaker 3: I don't know.

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Speaker 2: Maybe they just thought that there were other potential tragedies

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Speaker 2: that they couldn't foresee that could be gotcha.

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Speaker 3: I don't know. I don't know.

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Speaker 2: If there's one thing that I'm not it's in Ronald

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Speaker 2: Reagan's head, right, I just don't know.

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Speaker 1: Uh. So, we have one GPS system, which is kind

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Speaker 1: of a problem. We don't have a backup yet, which

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Speaker 1: you know, we'll talk a little bit about that more later.

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Speaker 1: But there is more than one GPS because it's not

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Speaker 1: like China and Russia are like, hey, we'll just you know,

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Speaker 1: use your GPS when we want to bomb something.

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Speaker 3: We want to shoot a missile at you.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly. So China and Russia and the EU all

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Speaker 1: have their own GPS, and I think they all have

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Speaker 1: backups even and we don't.

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Speaker 2: Right, it just takes too many floppies to back up

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Speaker 2: our GPS.

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Speaker 3: So we're just.

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Speaker 2: Going without right now. Yeah, you want to take a break.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, let's take a break. I think it's a fantastic setup.

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Speaker 2: Okay, and when we come back, we're gonna really wing

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Speaker 2: it by trying to explain how GPS works.

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Speaker 1: All right, So if you want to geo locate something

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Speaker 1: or somebody you're gonna need and you're on Earth, you know,

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Speaker 1: you can just use longitude and latitude and that'll do

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Speaker 1: a pretty good job.

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Speaker 3: Sure.

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Speaker 1: GPS is like, hey, what if you want to find

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Speaker 1: out where you are relative to C level, we can

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Speaker 1: do that and you can't longitude and latitude. Yeah, and

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Speaker 1: GPS does that with microwaves. They decided not to use

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Speaker 1: radio waves for reasons we'll talk about, but they use

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Speaker 1: microwaves sent down to Earth.

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Speaker 3: They do.

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Speaker 2: And so these microwaves I've seen both, Chuck, I've seen

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Speaker 2: that they're constantly beaming transmissions like basically uninterrupted from the satellites,

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Speaker 2: or that they do it like on a repeating pattern.

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Speaker 2: Regardless however this information arrives, it contains a few really

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Speaker 2: important pieces of information. And one thing we should point

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Speaker 2: out apparently there's a misunderstanding that a lot of people

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Speaker 2: think when you open up like your location services or

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Speaker 2: whatever on your phone, your GPS antenna ping satellites, that's

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Speaker 2: not the case. It passively listens for GPS, the four

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Speaker 2: GPS satellites broadcasting constantly or intermittently, and it picks them

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Speaker 2: up right, and so the information it gets is the time.

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Speaker 2: And this is a really important component. And we've talked

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Speaker 2: before about atomic clocks and just how ridiculously precise they are,

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Speaker 2: and on a GPS satellite there's multiple atomic clocks that

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Speaker 2: are keeping time together and to make sure that they

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Speaker 2: stay synchronized. And then the satellite sends its own location.

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Speaker 2: Apparently they figure out their location using celestial landmarks like quasars,

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Speaker 2: so the satellite knows where it is at all times,

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Speaker 2: so it can tell you or your GPS receiver. And

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Speaker 2: then there's a satellite ID that says I'm me and

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Speaker 2: that is good.

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Speaker 1: Enough, that's right, And that is in the form of

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Speaker 1: a pseudorandom code. And one of the cool parts about

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Speaker 1: that is it it's going to tell you like, yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's coming from this satellite. Here's my pseudorandom code. But

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Speaker 1: it also uses us a slightly differently all frequency, so

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Speaker 1: the frequencies don't jam one another. So all these satellites,

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Speaker 1: because the frequencies are just slightly varied, can all talk

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Speaker 1: to each other because you don't want satellites up there

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Speaker 1: jamming each other.

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Speaker 2: No, but they can also talk to you too, virtually

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Speaker 2: at the same time, if not at the same time,

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Speaker 2: because don't forget, you're getting information from four different satellites

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Speaker 2: to figure out where you are. So you don't want

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Speaker 2: to get one from one wait a couple of minutes,

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Speaker 2: get one from the other. You want them all to

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Speaker 2: be coming in basically at the same time, and by

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Speaker 2: slightly altering their frequencies, they can all arrive.

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Speaker 1: Right. And this is one final bit of key key

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Speaker 1: information here. All these satellites, great, they're beaming microwaves down. Fine,

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Speaker 1: If we didn't know how fast those microwaves traveled, then

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Speaker 1: none of that would do us any good. We have

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Speaker 1: to know exactly how fast that stuff travels in order

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Speaker 1: to measure a distance, and in this case, we know

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Speaker 1: that electromatic wave microwaves travel at speed of light one

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Speaker 1: hundred and eighty six two hundred and eighty two miles

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Speaker 1: per second.

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Speaker 2: Right, So now they have all the basic information. I

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Speaker 2: think this is why you were saying at the outset.

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Speaker 2: This is actually kind of a simple.

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Speaker 3: Setup. GPS is if you take it.

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Speaker 2: So if that satellite sends you an information piece of

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Speaker 2: like a signal, and it says I sent this exactly

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Speaker 2: at one forty five pm and it arrives at one

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Speaker 2: forty five pm and one second. And you know that

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Speaker 2: microwaves travel at the speed of light, you can use

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Speaker 2: that information to calculate the distance between you and the satellite. Okay,

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Speaker 2: when you know that the satellite is located here in space,

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Speaker 2: and then you figure out your distance from the satellite,

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Speaker 2: you start to have your first piece of information about

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Speaker 2: where you are. Because now you know where you are

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Speaker 2: relative to one satellite. That's not enough information to tell

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Speaker 2: you where you are on Earth, but it's a real

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Speaker 2: good start.

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Speaker 1: That's right. And you might be thinking like, yeah, but

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Speaker 1: what about stuff getting in the way, Like if this

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Speaker 1: stuff is supposed to be exact, then you know, what

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Speaker 1: about a tall building or what about you know, weather

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Speaker 1: in space like that can throw all this off, right, guys,

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Speaker 1: And that's true. But they have a very pretty brilliant

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Speaker 1: workaround for that. One method is called differential GPS, And

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Speaker 1: they have these antenna on Earth that are that are

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Speaker 1: locked in. They're stationary, They're not going anywhere. We know

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Speaker 1: exactly where they are. They're called known points for that reason,

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Speaker 1: and since we know exactly where those are, they're receiving

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Speaker 1: these transmissions from GPS, and so they can calculate whether

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Speaker 1: or not the location is off and that you know,

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Speaker 1: if this thing is locked in place, but the calculation

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Speaker 1: coming from the GPS is off by a little bit, Hey,

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Speaker 1: it must have gone through some thick shrubbery or bounced

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Speaker 1: off a building or something. But either way, we're locked

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Speaker 1: in place. So we know exactly what that should be,

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Speaker 1: and thus we'll know what that discrepancy is and we

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Speaker 1: can account for that.

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Speaker 3: Right.

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Speaker 2: So, once that that nome point has that discrepancy, it

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Speaker 2: sends that out, that information out to all the GPS

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Speaker 2: receivers in the area, so they can use it to

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Speaker 2: adjust their own GPS readings that they're getting from those

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Speaker 2: satellites that were slightly off. But they didn't have any

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Speaker 2: way to remedy it. Now they do because the nome

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Speaker 2: point is like, hey, so like be as off? I like, right,

356
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Speaker 2: nano seconds, don't tell it, but yeah, I just wanted

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Speaker 2: to let you know.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and hey, listen, I won't tell everybody. I'll just

359
00:19:37,760 --> 00:19:40,439
Speaker 1: adjust it on my end and they'll never know that.

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Speaker 2: You screwed up, right, And also there's something in your teeth, right,

361
00:19:46,600 --> 00:19:47,400
Speaker 2: Oh it's cool.

362
00:19:48,600 --> 00:19:50,640
Speaker 3: Gross cale is so gross.

363
00:19:51,560 --> 00:19:52,240
Speaker 1: You don't like gail.

364
00:19:52,760 --> 00:19:55,440
Speaker 3: I can't. I have to choke it down. And gross

365
00:19:55,520 --> 00:19:57,800
Speaker 3: is the wrong word. It's just too harsh.

366
00:19:58,640 --> 00:20:03,280
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, too much kale, like a salad with only kale,

367
00:20:03,520 --> 00:20:06,440
Speaker 1: or like God forbid you eat a bag of kale

368
00:20:06,520 --> 00:20:07,760
Speaker 1: chips like this, you would die.

369
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Speaker 3: You wouldn't be able to breathe any longer.

370
00:20:09,960 --> 00:20:14,200
Speaker 1: It's too much at once. Yes, oh boy, all right,

371
00:20:14,240 --> 00:20:18,360
Speaker 1: so now we get to try lateration. Take it away, friend.

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Speaker 2: Oh no, you're the trilateration expert between us. Let's tell

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Speaker 2: everybody what happened.

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Speaker 1: Well, first of all, let me explain that try lateration

375
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Speaker 1: is not the same as triangulation, because we're not talking

376
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Speaker 1: about ankles. We're talking about distance. And somewhere in there

377
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Speaker 1: is the key of where I was screwing up. Because

378
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Speaker 1: you had sent me this and very elegant, sort of

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Speaker 1: simple to explain.

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Speaker 3: Way, Hey, this is lot, this is Marshall.

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Speaker 1: Okay, I'll have Marshall brain. It was explained about, you know,

382
00:20:46,359 --> 00:20:49,800
Speaker 1: like a Venn diagram, three circles overlapping and then the

383
00:20:49,800 --> 00:20:52,760
Speaker 1: point where they overlap is where you are. We'll explain

384
00:20:52,760 --> 00:20:55,360
Speaker 1: that more thoroughly. But I was just drawing three random circles,

385
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Speaker 1: and I'm like, three random circles don't always intersect it

386
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Speaker 1: a point, right, Like they might overlap in an area,

387
00:21:01,720 --> 00:21:03,720
Speaker 1: and so the center of that area maybe is what

388
00:21:03,760 --> 00:21:06,440
Speaker 1: we're talking about. But then I realize you can't just

389
00:21:06,520 --> 00:21:08,919
Speaker 1: draw three random circles and expect them to have a

390
00:21:08,920 --> 00:21:11,760
Speaker 1: tangent point because they don't always. Right in the case

391
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Speaker 1: of GPS, I guess it's just a very exact measurement

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Speaker 1: from one place to another, and in that case they

393
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Speaker 1: will intersect.

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00:21:18,240 --> 00:21:22,120
Speaker 2: Right, Okay, Okay, So I think you should also tell

395
00:21:22,160 --> 00:21:25,680
Speaker 2: everybody that when you sent me a picture of your

396
00:21:25,800 --> 00:21:26,880
Speaker 2: three circles with.

397
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Speaker 3: The like the part where they overlap, they all overlap.

398
00:21:31,640 --> 00:21:33,480
Speaker 2: You would put a point in there re morote bingo

399
00:21:34,240 --> 00:21:35,760
Speaker 2: with an exclamation point.

400
00:21:35,960 --> 00:21:38,760
Speaker 3: You're like, case, I.

401
00:21:38,720 --> 00:21:40,359
Speaker 1: Thought I really figured out something here.

402
00:21:40,760 --> 00:21:43,840
Speaker 2: I think you may have discovered something else that we're

403
00:21:43,880 --> 00:21:45,680
Speaker 2: not aware of yet, So I don't.

404
00:21:45,480 --> 00:21:47,159
Speaker 1: Someone will tell us just put it to this.

405
00:21:47,320 --> 00:21:50,000
Speaker 2: No, I think like you might have just intended like

406
00:21:50,040 --> 00:21:52,200
Speaker 2: a new way of calculating things.

407
00:21:52,359 --> 00:21:53,920
Speaker 1: No, I'm sure there's a name for it, and some

408
00:21:54,200 --> 00:21:56,320
Speaker 1: science person's gonna say, oh, chuck, that's just blank.

409
00:21:56,520 --> 00:21:56,680
Speaker 3: Oh.

410
00:21:56,720 --> 00:21:58,960
Speaker 2: I wish they would because I don't know either. But

411
00:21:59,320 --> 00:22:02,000
Speaker 2: I like, it's off to you because man, I can't

412
00:22:02,040 --> 00:22:04,840
Speaker 2: tell you how many circles. I guess you probably drew

413
00:22:05,359 --> 00:22:06,960
Speaker 2: just trying to get this to work. And I don't

414
00:22:06,960 --> 00:22:10,320
Speaker 2: blame you. I was smart and was like, there's madness there.

415
00:22:10,640 --> 00:22:13,320
Speaker 2: I'm just going to try to understand this as best

416
00:22:13,359 --> 00:22:15,280
Speaker 2: I can. I'm not going to try it myself.

417
00:22:15,440 --> 00:22:17,679
Speaker 1: I got a freaking compass at one point because you

418
00:22:17,680 --> 00:22:19,760
Speaker 1: were like, it's because the circles are willy nilly, and

419
00:22:19,760 --> 00:22:21,400
Speaker 1: I was like, okay, I'll draw them perfect.

420
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Speaker 2: Okay, So well, let's talk about trilateration because in theory,

421
00:22:27,840 --> 00:22:31,920
Speaker 2: I guess it's very simple. And the way that Marshall

422
00:22:31,960 --> 00:22:34,439
Speaker 2: described it was, let's say you're lost. You're in the

423
00:22:34,520 --> 00:22:38,000
Speaker 2: United States, and you ask somebody where you are, and

424
00:22:38,040 --> 00:22:40,520
Speaker 2: that person says you are six hundred and twenty five

425
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Speaker 2: miles from Boise, Idaho.

426
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Speaker 1: And you say, thanks a lot. That doesn't tell me much, right.

427
00:22:46,320 --> 00:22:48,520
Speaker 3: You actually push them down as they're walking away.

428
00:22:48,720 --> 00:22:49,760
Speaker 1: Yeah, but.

429
00:22:51,240 --> 00:22:54,399
Speaker 2: After you get away, you're chased by the police, but

430
00:22:54,440 --> 00:22:56,280
Speaker 2: you make it down an alley and hide behind some

431
00:22:56,359 --> 00:22:59,159
Speaker 2: garbage cans as they pass by. You have a good idea,

432
00:22:59,320 --> 00:23:02,119
Speaker 2: you go buy a man and you spread out your map.

433
00:23:02,920 --> 00:23:05,280
Speaker 2: Maybe you buy a compass as well, I'll a chuck,

434
00:23:05,760 --> 00:23:10,440
Speaker 2: and you draw a circle around Boise, Idaho, using Boise

435
00:23:10,520 --> 00:23:13,639
Speaker 2: as the center point that is six hundred and twenty

436
00:23:13,640 --> 00:23:17,280
Speaker 2: five miles in diameter, or at least represents that by scale, right,

437
00:23:18,200 --> 00:23:22,160
Speaker 2: And you're like, Okay, I am somewhere on this circle

438
00:23:22,880 --> 00:23:25,160
Speaker 2: that has a diameter of six hundred and twenty five

439
00:23:25,160 --> 00:23:28,080
Speaker 2: miles around Boise. Kind of helpful, it's a little bit

440
00:23:28,160 --> 00:23:31,399
Speaker 2: narrowed it down, but I need more information. So you

441
00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:34,800
Speaker 2: go find somebody else and you say, hey, do you

442
00:23:34,920 --> 00:23:37,040
Speaker 2: know where I am?

443
00:23:37,280 --> 00:23:37,560
Speaker 3: Yeah?

444
00:23:37,720 --> 00:23:38,720
Speaker 1: Is this where I could come in?

445
00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:40,320
Speaker 3: Yeah? Yeah?

446
00:23:40,400 --> 00:23:41,720
Speaker 1: Hey, well I'm not going to tell you that, but

447
00:23:41,760 --> 00:23:44,440
Speaker 1: how about this. You're six hundred and ninety miles from Minneapolis.

448
00:23:44,840 --> 00:23:46,040
Speaker 3: Okay, So that's great.

449
00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:48,520
Speaker 2: At least they didn't repeat the Boise thing, right, because

450
00:23:48,560 --> 00:23:50,719
Speaker 2: if they said that, you'd just be like, man, that

451
00:23:50,760 --> 00:23:52,639
Speaker 2: didn't help it all. But now you know where you

452
00:23:53,119 --> 00:23:55,320
Speaker 2: are from Minneapolis, and you can do the same thing

453
00:23:55,359 --> 00:23:57,959
Speaker 2: with Minneapolis using that as the center point of a circle.

454
00:23:58,160 --> 00:24:00,760
Speaker 2: You draw one a circle with a radius of six

455
00:24:00,840 --> 00:24:05,600
Speaker 2: hundred ninety miles around Minneapolis. Now you're really close because

456
00:24:05,600 --> 00:24:09,639
Speaker 2: what you'll find is the circle around Boise and the

457
00:24:09,680 --> 00:24:11,080
Speaker 2: circle around Minneapolis.

458
00:24:11,160 --> 00:24:14,320
Speaker 1: They overlap, right, Yeah, you get little football in the middle.

459
00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:17,520
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's like a ven diagram. And if you look

460
00:24:17,560 --> 00:24:21,600
Speaker 2: at a ven diagram where those two circles overlap, there's

461
00:24:21,680 --> 00:24:25,960
Speaker 2: two points where they intersect, right where they cross each other.

462
00:24:25,960 --> 00:24:29,200
Speaker 2: Those lines cross each other. And because you are six

463
00:24:29,280 --> 00:24:32,359
Speaker 2: hundred and twenty five miles from Boise and six hundred

464
00:24:32,400 --> 00:24:39,240
Speaker 2: and ninety miles from Minneapolis, you are somewhere where those

465
00:24:39,280 --> 00:24:42,440
Speaker 2: two circles overlap. With those two points, one of those

466
00:24:42,520 --> 00:24:44,880
Speaker 2: is right, the other is off by hundreds of miles,

467
00:24:44,960 --> 00:24:46,440
Speaker 2: So you still need to narrow.

468
00:24:46,160 --> 00:24:47,200
Speaker 3: It down right.

469
00:24:47,240 --> 00:24:51,159
Speaker 1: So you're like, is there one more wiseacre in this

470
00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:54,600
Speaker 1: town who will tell me? By not telling me where

471
00:24:54,640 --> 00:24:56,919
Speaker 1: I am where I am right? And so you go

472
00:24:56,960 --> 00:25:00,520
Speaker 1: into this final the only other gas station in town. Guys,

473
00:25:01,280 --> 00:25:03,000
Speaker 1: Someone told me how six to twenty five from Boise

474
00:25:03,119 --> 00:25:05,440
Speaker 1: didn't help much. Someone else said six' ninety from Minneapolis.

475
00:25:05,440 --> 00:25:07,439
Speaker 1: Please just tell me where I am. They said, oh, oh,

476
00:25:07,880 --> 00:25:10,440
Speaker 1: you're six hundred and fifty miles from Tucson val.

477
00:25:11,119 --> 00:25:13,359
Speaker 2: Do you just trash the place at this point.

478
00:25:13,200 --> 00:25:15,840
Speaker 1: Yeah, you just lay waste. You find the nearest broom,

479
00:25:15,880 --> 00:25:17,240
Speaker 1: and you just start knocking everything.

480
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:22,879
Speaker 3: Off the shelves. My collector beer steins. All right.

481
00:25:22,920 --> 00:25:26,320
Speaker 1: So now you got three circles though, And this is

482
00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:27,920
Speaker 1: where I got super tripped up because I was like,

483
00:25:27,960 --> 00:25:29,600
Speaker 1: oh cool, let me draw this out. And I drew

484
00:25:29,640 --> 00:25:31,359
Speaker 1: it out, and I was like, these don't intersect it

485
00:25:31,359 --> 00:25:34,919
Speaker 1: at a common point, right, But if you're using exact

486
00:25:34,960 --> 00:25:39,480
Speaker 1: GPS calculations distance from a satellite or in this case,

487
00:25:39,680 --> 00:25:44,200
Speaker 1: points on a map, then that's that's you know exactly

488
00:25:44,240 --> 00:25:46,600
Speaker 1: where you are because it's going to intersect it at

489
00:25:46,960 --> 00:25:48,679
Speaker 1: only one place. At three points.

490
00:25:48,920 --> 00:25:52,359
Speaker 2: Yeah, all three circles will overlap with one another, so

491
00:25:52,400 --> 00:25:56,399
Speaker 2: they intersected two different points. Each circle intersects with the

492
00:25:56,440 --> 00:25:58,879
Speaker 2: other at two points, but all three of them will

493
00:25:58,880 --> 00:26:01,800
Speaker 2: only intersect it one single point. And you have just

494
00:26:01,920 --> 00:26:05,960
Speaker 2: trilater related your position. Now you know where you are.

495
00:26:06,200 --> 00:26:08,840
Speaker 2: And Marshall said, this is Denver, by the way, that's

496
00:26:08,840 --> 00:26:11,239
Speaker 2: where you are is Denver. Because I think if we

497
00:26:11,280 --> 00:26:13,880
Speaker 2: hadn't have included that, some people would have been really upset.

498
00:26:14,160 --> 00:26:16,160
Speaker 1: Yeah, but you knew you're in Denver because you can't

499
00:26:16,200 --> 00:26:18,120
Speaker 1: catch your breath and it smells like weed everywhere.

500
00:26:18,560 --> 00:26:20,679
Speaker 3: That's right, And now you have to figure out what

501
00:26:20,760 --> 00:26:21,960
Speaker 3: to do even though you're dead.

502
00:26:22,320 --> 00:26:26,119
Speaker 1: Yeah, and liberals and conservatives are smashed together and everyone's like,

503
00:26:26,240 --> 00:26:27,440
Speaker 1: what kind of state is this?

504
00:26:27,760 --> 00:26:29,840
Speaker 3: It is? It's crazy like that, isn't it?

505
00:26:30,359 --> 00:26:33,040
Speaker 1: Yeah? I love Colorado. I think it's interesting that way.

506
00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:36,080
Speaker 2: It's like all of these shows we've done in Denver.

507
00:26:36,440 --> 00:26:38,600
Speaker 2: It's like a wedding, like split.

508
00:26:38,280 --> 00:26:38,919
Speaker 3: Down the middle.

509
00:26:39,240 --> 00:26:41,879
Speaker 2: The people on one half of the room all have

510
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:45,920
Speaker 2: guns out. The other half are all playing Hackey Sack. Right,

511
00:26:47,200 --> 00:26:48,399
Speaker 2: it's an interesting place.

512
00:26:48,760 --> 00:26:50,399
Speaker 1: And one guy goes, hey, you ever try to shoot

513
00:26:50,400 --> 00:26:53,800
Speaker 1: a Hackey sack? Admit air watch this kind of fun.

514
00:26:55,119 --> 00:26:59,119
Speaker 2: Okay, So let's trilater elation. That's two D trilater relation,

515
00:26:59,280 --> 00:27:01,479
Speaker 2: because what you've done has found your If you were

516
00:27:01,520 --> 00:27:03,760
Speaker 2: a flat point and the Earth was flat, which it's not,

517
00:27:04,880 --> 00:27:06,600
Speaker 2: that's all we would need to do. But the Earth

518
00:27:06,640 --> 00:27:09,960
Speaker 2: is a sphere. It's round, and so what GPS uses

519
00:27:10,040 --> 00:27:14,480
Speaker 2: is three D trilateralation, which rather than flat circles, it

520
00:27:14,560 --> 00:27:18,880
Speaker 2: uses spheres. And when the three or four usually could

521
00:27:19,000 --> 00:27:22,760
Speaker 2: use four satellites where those spheares all intersect the one

522
00:27:22,880 --> 00:27:26,359
Speaker 2: point that's where you are, because now you not only

523
00:27:26,440 --> 00:27:30,800
Speaker 2: know where you are longitudinal latitudinally, you also know where

524
00:27:30,840 --> 00:27:32,760
Speaker 2: you are at altitudinally.

525
00:27:33,680 --> 00:27:35,919
Speaker 1: My friend, I hate to break it to you, but

526
00:27:36,119 --> 00:27:40,119
Speaker 1: you did the old Josh Clark insert an extra consonant.

527
00:27:39,600 --> 00:27:41,840
Speaker 3: Thing, trilateralizational.

528
00:27:42,920 --> 00:27:44,719
Speaker 1: It's trilateration, I know.

529
00:27:44,760 --> 00:27:48,320
Speaker 2: And I've been wanting to say trilateralization for so long.

530
00:27:48,680 --> 00:27:52,320
Speaker 1: Well you aren't even taking it out. You were saying trilateralation.

531
00:27:53,320 --> 00:27:54,680
Speaker 3: Okay, all right, So.

532
00:27:54,680 --> 00:27:55,880
Speaker 1: Now that's three ways.

533
00:27:56,119 --> 00:27:59,160
Speaker 3: So trilateration, trilateration.

534
00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:03,440
Speaker 2: That sounds made up like space force, I know, all right,

535
00:28:03,560 --> 00:28:08,600
Speaker 2: trilateration isation, yeah, elie station.

536
00:28:09,840 --> 00:28:10,560
Speaker 3: So that's it.

537
00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:12,679
Speaker 2: That's how you figure out well, I should say, that's

538
00:28:12,720 --> 00:28:15,480
Speaker 2: how your GPS receiver figures that out. It has it

539
00:28:15,560 --> 00:28:18,200
Speaker 2: knows where those three or four satellites are because they

540
00:28:18,240 --> 00:28:21,000
Speaker 2: tell it where they are. It figures out the distance

541
00:28:21,040 --> 00:28:25,840
Speaker 2: between you the in your receiver for each of those four,

542
00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:28,440
Speaker 2: and it tells it, oh, here's where I am, because

543
00:28:28,480 --> 00:28:31,399
Speaker 2: here's where all those that information intersects.

544
00:28:31,680 --> 00:28:33,720
Speaker 1: Right, And I think you mentioned the spheres while I

545
00:28:33,800 --> 00:28:36,560
Speaker 1: was obsessing about the extra l right, Yes.

546
00:28:36,400 --> 00:28:39,520
Speaker 2: I did, Okay, And there's a really pretty image out there.

547
00:28:39,560 --> 00:28:42,120
Speaker 2: I can't remember what website I found it on, but

548
00:28:42,200 --> 00:28:48,800
Speaker 2: if you search like how GPS trilateration works, it will

549
00:28:48,840 --> 00:28:51,080
Speaker 2: come up, I'm sure. But it shows like the four

550
00:28:51,160 --> 00:28:53,680
Speaker 2: spheres created by the satellites and they're all in four

551
00:28:53,680 --> 00:28:55,720
Speaker 2: different primary colors and it's so pretty.

552
00:28:56,120 --> 00:28:56,520
Speaker 3: I saw it.

553
00:28:56,600 --> 00:28:59,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, I understand that there are three primary colors, but

554
00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:03,280
Speaker 2: whatever the fourth one is, it's basically a primary color

555
00:29:03,360 --> 00:29:04,560
Speaker 2: as far as I'm concerned.

556
00:29:04,760 --> 00:29:08,480
Speaker 1: Okay, should we take our second break?

557
00:29:09,080 --> 00:29:09,320
Speaker 3: Yeah?

558
00:29:09,440 --> 00:29:11,960
Speaker 2: I think so, Chuck. We earned it with that trilater

559
00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:16,320
Speaker 2: relation trilateration explanation exploration.

560
00:29:16,960 --> 00:29:45,440
Speaker 3: We'll be right back, okay, Chuck.

561
00:29:45,560 --> 00:29:48,560
Speaker 2: So there's one other thing, kind of like a little sidebar.

562
00:29:48,720 --> 00:29:51,560
Speaker 2: I felt what we should talk about. If you've ever

563
00:29:52,920 --> 00:29:54,800
Speaker 2: tried to figure out where you are and your phone's like,

564
00:29:54,880 --> 00:29:57,400
Speaker 2: turn on Wi Fi and we'll get a better reading.

565
00:29:57,920 --> 00:30:00,520
Speaker 1: I've never understood that until you explained it.

566
00:30:00,720 --> 00:30:03,120
Speaker 2: So what it's trying to do is it's prompting you

567
00:30:03,200 --> 00:30:07,080
Speaker 2: to turn on your Wi Fi based positioning system. And

568
00:30:07,400 --> 00:30:10,320
Speaker 2: that is based essentially on the same thing that doctor

569
00:30:10,400 --> 00:30:15,480
Speaker 2: getting was getting at, which is you can use information

570
00:30:15,600 --> 00:30:20,760
Speaker 2: from different sources in comparing those sources to figuring out

571
00:30:20,800 --> 00:30:25,160
Speaker 2: where you are, and so rather than using satellite information

572
00:30:25,640 --> 00:30:30,800
Speaker 2: this it bases it on the known strengths of different

573
00:30:30,960 --> 00:30:36,320
Speaker 2: Wi Fi network towers, antenna and so, depending on how

574
00:30:36,920 --> 00:30:40,280
Speaker 2: strong one signal is compared to where you are, in

575
00:30:40,320 --> 00:30:42,960
Speaker 2: addition to comparing it to another signal, and another signal

576
00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:47,120
Speaker 2: and another signal. It's like, oh, you're you're in Denver, right.

577
00:30:48,200 --> 00:30:49,680
Speaker 1: You don't know how dumb I am.

578
00:30:50,080 --> 00:30:52,560
Speaker 2: I don't think you're dumb, and I know you're not dumb,

579
00:30:52,640 --> 00:30:53,480
Speaker 2: but let's hear what.

580
00:30:53,400 --> 00:30:54,000
Speaker 3: You have to say.

581
00:30:54,120 --> 00:30:55,760
Speaker 1: I say this out loud at the risk of losing

582
00:30:55,840 --> 00:30:58,000
Speaker 1: listeners that might be new listeners are like, I can't

583
00:30:58,040 --> 00:30:58,680
Speaker 1: listen to this guy.

584
00:30:58,800 --> 00:30:59,760
Speaker 3: Oh this is really dumb.

585
00:31:00,160 --> 00:31:04,360
Speaker 1: Up until said yesterday, whenever my phone or my car

586
00:31:04,440 --> 00:31:06,719
Speaker 1: or something said that, you know, turn on your Wi

587
00:31:06,800 --> 00:31:09,760
Speaker 1: Fi to improve accuracy of your location. It's like, I'm

588
00:31:09,760 --> 00:31:11,760
Speaker 1: not near my house. What is this thing asking me

589
00:31:11,840 --> 00:31:14,240
Speaker 1: to do. I'm not near my WiFi.

590
00:31:14,720 --> 00:31:16,240
Speaker 3: You weren't like, you're not the boss of me.

591
00:31:17,120 --> 00:31:20,160
Speaker 1: No, I was just that's pretty dumb.

592
00:31:20,800 --> 00:31:21,360
Speaker 3: I don't know.

593
00:31:21,520 --> 00:31:24,160
Speaker 1: It's not everywhere. It doesn't have to be your house

594
00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:24,600
Speaker 1: Wi Fi.

595
00:31:25,160 --> 00:31:27,200
Speaker 2: So yes, that's one way it does it, and it

596
00:31:27,240 --> 00:31:29,280
Speaker 2: does it in your house too, but that's because your

597
00:31:29,320 --> 00:31:32,520
Speaker 2: router is a big blabbermouth and tells everybody where you are.

598
00:31:33,560 --> 00:31:36,880
Speaker 2: So I not get it.

599
00:31:36,880 --> 00:31:38,840
Speaker 1: It's like they don't know I'm not near my house.

600
00:31:38,880 --> 00:31:40,640
Speaker 1: Why is it asking me to turn on my wife?

601
00:31:41,000 --> 00:31:41,640
Speaker 3: So stupid?

602
00:31:42,200 --> 00:31:47,000
Speaker 1: Oh boy? All right, So, speaking of the opposite of stupid,

603
00:31:47,080 --> 00:31:52,080
Speaker 1: your smartphone? How accurate are those things? When GPS first

604
00:31:52,080 --> 00:31:55,280
Speaker 1: started they said, and this was again like ninety five ish,

605
00:31:55,520 --> 00:31:59,120
Speaker 1: they said it's gonna be accurate to within one hundred

606
00:31:59,160 --> 00:32:01,760
Speaker 1: meters ninety five percent of the time, which at the

607
00:32:01,800 --> 00:32:04,400
Speaker 1: time was like, hey, that's not bad at all, Like

608
00:32:04,440 --> 00:32:06,320
Speaker 1: that gets me in the in the neighborhood of where

609
00:32:06,320 --> 00:32:10,160
Speaker 1: I want to be. They've gotten much much better now

610
00:32:10,280 --> 00:32:14,320
Speaker 1: they say two meters within two meters of six point

611
00:32:14,360 --> 00:32:17,200
Speaker 1: six feet, but it's really closer than that. They did

612
00:32:17,200 --> 00:32:19,760
Speaker 1: some measuring in twenty twenty one and the global average

613
00:32:20,360 --> 00:32:22,880
Speaker 1: across all users was about just a little more than

614
00:32:22,880 --> 00:32:26,520
Speaker 1: two feet. And you know again that that depends on

615
00:32:26,560 --> 00:32:28,360
Speaker 1: a lot of things. If it's got tall buildings in

616
00:32:28,400 --> 00:32:33,400
Speaker 1: the way, space, weather, atmospheric conditions, Apparently, like a really

617
00:32:33,440 --> 00:32:36,800
Speaker 1: dense like jungle canopy or a thick shrubbery can actually

618
00:32:36,840 --> 00:32:38,440
Speaker 1: degrade the accuracy of that signal.

619
00:32:38,880 --> 00:32:41,480
Speaker 2: Yeah, you got a hickory tree. Well ts for you

620
00:32:41,560 --> 00:32:43,240
Speaker 2: because GPS isn't gonna work.

621
00:32:43,880 --> 00:32:46,480
Speaker 1: Is that a thick tree, thick canopy?

622
00:32:46,880 --> 00:32:48,760
Speaker 3: I would, Yeah, I think so. I mean it's a

623
00:32:48,840 --> 00:32:49,800
Speaker 3: known shade tree.

624
00:32:50,320 --> 00:32:53,959
Speaker 1: No a, oh, it's a uh, it's a it's a KST.

625
00:32:55,360 --> 00:32:55,920
Speaker 3: That's right.

626
00:32:56,440 --> 00:32:59,400
Speaker 2: Put it on the If it could broadcast information, it

627
00:32:59,440 --> 00:33:00,920
Speaker 2: would also be a known point.

628
00:33:01,200 --> 00:33:02,000
Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly.

629
00:33:02,600 --> 00:33:06,400
Speaker 2: So there's a there's a couple of other things that

630
00:33:06,440 --> 00:33:09,320
Speaker 2: can mess with your GPS signal coming from the satellite

631
00:33:09,320 --> 00:33:12,680
Speaker 2: because remember I said that they navigate celestially. Well, if

632
00:33:12,800 --> 00:33:16,640
Speaker 2: the Earth's position itself relative to the satellite, satellite can

633
00:33:16,680 --> 00:33:19,760
Speaker 2: know where it is. But if the Earth shifts a

634
00:33:19,800 --> 00:33:24,760
Speaker 2: little bit, like the magnetic core slashes around just enough

635
00:33:25,040 --> 00:33:28,000
Speaker 2: that the Earth kind of wobbles a little bit, or

636
00:33:28,080 --> 00:33:31,080
Speaker 2: if the c currents are particularly strong, it can like

637
00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:34,440
Speaker 2: slow the rotation of the Earth. Those things, I mean,

638
00:33:34,640 --> 00:33:39,800
Speaker 2: just the tiniest, tiniest changes can alter the accuracy of

639
00:33:39,840 --> 00:33:42,960
Speaker 2: the signal that it gets. But that's just the signal

640
00:33:43,080 --> 00:33:45,920
Speaker 2: that they're like, we're going to get you within six feet.

641
00:33:46,720 --> 00:33:48,000
Speaker 3: They don't guarantee.

642
00:33:47,600 --> 00:33:51,280
Speaker 2: Your receiver, and your receiver typically adds a little bit

643
00:33:51,320 --> 00:33:56,480
Speaker 2: of inaccuracy. I think five meters is usually what you

644
00:33:56,520 --> 00:34:01,760
Speaker 2: what you're going to get from like your average dumb gpsceiver.

645
00:34:02,640 --> 00:34:05,840
Speaker 1: Yeah, and I get. I mean, it's amazing we're here

646
00:34:05,920 --> 00:34:09,320
Speaker 1: because if you're like GPS to just say this is good.

647
00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:12,920
Speaker 1: If you're five feet away from the restaurant or your

648
00:34:12,920 --> 00:34:14,719
Speaker 1: friend and you don't see them, that's on you.

649
00:34:14,920 --> 00:34:15,799
Speaker 3: Yeah, just look up.

650
00:34:16,239 --> 00:34:16,680
Speaker 1: Yeah.

651
00:34:16,840 --> 00:34:19,160
Speaker 3: So we're getting better though, you know.

652
00:34:19,200 --> 00:34:21,080
Speaker 1: Now, No, it's getting I mean I imagine they're going

653
00:34:21,160 --> 00:34:25,319
Speaker 1: to have it. I think March twenty four. If you're

654
00:34:25,320 --> 00:34:27,440
Speaker 1: an ideal, if it's clear skies, you're out in the

655
00:34:27,440 --> 00:34:29,839
Speaker 1: middle of the desert or something, they can they can

656
00:34:29,880 --> 00:34:32,400
Speaker 1: be as accurate as thirty centimeters.

657
00:34:31,960 --> 00:34:36,719
Speaker 2: Which is five double A batteries end to end. We're

658
00:34:36,760 --> 00:34:38,719
Speaker 2: going to get even better than that, though, chuck, because

659
00:34:38,800 --> 00:34:43,000
Speaker 2: right now there's some really good GPS antenna that are

660
00:34:43,120 --> 00:34:47,319
Speaker 2: starting to pop up in smartphones, and those those are

661
00:34:47,760 --> 00:34:51,879
Speaker 2: dual band, dual band, dual frequency receivers. One of those

662
00:34:51,920 --> 00:34:55,200
Speaker 2: two and that uses the L one, the standard civilian

663
00:34:56,200 --> 00:34:59,840
Speaker 2: GPS band that has been around since the beginning but

664
00:35:00,040 --> 00:35:02,480
Speaker 2: has gotten better over time. And it also uses the

665
00:35:02,560 --> 00:35:05,560
Speaker 2: new wiz Bang L five and this is like the

666
00:35:05,600 --> 00:35:09,919
Speaker 2: next generation of GPS. It's not widespread enough yet. There's

667
00:35:09,920 --> 00:35:13,400
Speaker 2: not enough satellites out there that are L five for

668
00:35:13,600 --> 00:35:16,120
Speaker 2: an intended to just rely on that. But when you

669
00:35:16,120 --> 00:35:18,880
Speaker 2: put L one and L five together, it gets pretty good.

670
00:35:19,880 --> 00:35:23,160
Speaker 2: The thing is is you might ask yourself, like, why

671
00:35:23,560 --> 00:35:27,520
Speaker 2: would you need to get like within centimeters of the

672
00:35:27,560 --> 00:35:31,480
Speaker 2: restaurant that you're going to. It doesn't make sense. Well,

673
00:35:31,560 --> 00:35:34,440
Speaker 2: some people use GPS for more than just finding the

674
00:35:34,480 --> 00:35:35,880
Speaker 2: restaurant that they're going to.

675
00:35:36,800 --> 00:35:40,040
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's right. And your parents and grandparents might be

676
00:35:40,160 --> 00:35:44,160
Speaker 1: using their garments still, so just have patients with them.

677
00:35:44,280 --> 00:35:46,880
Speaker 2: I think that garment was actually one of the original

678
00:35:46,920 --> 00:35:48,560
Speaker 2: GPS devices.

679
00:35:48,840 --> 00:35:51,600
Speaker 1: Yeah, and it's still being used in certain cars in

680
00:35:51,640 --> 00:35:52,920
Speaker 1: certain people's families.

681
00:35:53,400 --> 00:35:55,680
Speaker 3: Are those things even supported any longer?

682
00:35:56,080 --> 00:35:58,400
Speaker 1: I don't know. Man. It's pretty funny though. It's like

683
00:35:58,440 --> 00:36:02,200
Speaker 1: looking at at a MySpace web page or something when

684
00:36:02,200 --> 00:36:04,359
Speaker 1: you look at it. Oh, Ben, it is, But yes,

685
00:36:04,560 --> 00:36:06,640
Speaker 1: I took us off task. You were talking about other

686
00:36:06,719 --> 00:36:11,040
Speaker 1: things that this is used for a lot we talked

687
00:36:11,040 --> 00:36:15,160
Speaker 1: about landing airplanes. That's pretty important. Accuracy is pretty important,

688
00:36:15,160 --> 00:36:19,120
Speaker 1: maybe not down to the centimeter, but if you want

689
00:36:19,120 --> 00:36:21,960
Speaker 1: to track soil moisture, you can do that via GPS.

690
00:36:22,040 --> 00:36:24,200
Speaker 1: If you want to measure the size of a glacier

691
00:36:24,200 --> 00:36:26,080
Speaker 1: and whether it's shrinking or moving, you can do that

692
00:36:26,320 --> 00:36:30,320
Speaker 1: very very accurately, and not just sort of ballpark things anymore.

693
00:36:31,680 --> 00:36:35,160
Speaker 1: Migration patterns. If you want to see where that school

694
00:36:35,160 --> 00:36:39,359
Speaker 1: of whales is headed and how they know when they

695
00:36:39,520 --> 00:36:42,680
Speaker 1: get there, and how far there are from where they started,

696
00:36:42,680 --> 00:36:44,040
Speaker 1: you can do that with great accuracy.

697
00:36:44,480 --> 00:36:44,719
Speaker 3: Yeah.

698
00:36:44,920 --> 00:36:48,640
Speaker 2: Also things use it to basically stay in position, like

699
00:36:48,760 --> 00:36:52,160
Speaker 2: modern agricultural equipment like harvesters, they go in a straight

700
00:36:52,160 --> 00:36:56,239
Speaker 2: line by themselves thanks to really precise GPS. Same as

701
00:36:56,239 --> 00:37:01,560
Speaker 2: self driving cars. Oh sure, yeah. Like apparently it's just

702
00:37:01,600 --> 00:37:07,520
Speaker 2: grown so ubiquitous and so reliable that contractors use it,

703
00:37:07,600 --> 00:37:11,799
Speaker 2: like like digital blueprints will have GPS coordinates for like

704
00:37:11,920 --> 00:37:15,600
Speaker 2: a nail or an electrical outlet or something like that,

705
00:37:16,120 --> 00:37:19,200
Speaker 2: so you can know exactly where that thing's gonna go,

706
00:37:19,800 --> 00:37:22,719
Speaker 2: Which I mean that's got to cut down on construction

707
00:37:22,840 --> 00:37:25,040
Speaker 2: costs and time dramatically.

708
00:37:25,640 --> 00:37:28,480
Speaker 1: Yeah, I thought the thing on tunneling was kind of cool.

709
00:37:28,520 --> 00:37:30,480
Speaker 1: I never really thought about that. But if you're tunneling

710
00:37:30,960 --> 00:37:34,400
Speaker 1: through two sides of a mountain to ideally meet in

711
00:37:34,440 --> 00:37:37,120
Speaker 1: the middle and have a one long tunnel, that's not

712
00:37:37,160 --> 00:37:39,040
Speaker 1: one tunnel with a little zigzag in the middle because

713
00:37:39,040 --> 00:37:40,920
Speaker 1: they were off by a little bit. You can do

714
00:37:41,040 --> 00:37:44,000
Speaker 1: that down to the centimeter, you know, or thirty centimeters rather.

715
00:37:44,320 --> 00:37:46,160
Speaker 2: Yeah, a tunnel that goes through a mountain with like

716
00:37:46,200 --> 00:37:47,240
Speaker 2: a hairpin turn.

717
00:37:47,080 --> 00:37:48,040
Speaker 3: In the middle area.

718
00:37:48,280 --> 00:37:49,040
Speaker 1: That sounds great.

719
00:37:49,400 --> 00:37:51,480
Speaker 2: And if you put all this stuff together, all these

720
00:37:51,520 --> 00:37:55,520
Speaker 2: different uses for GPS, which again the American taxpayers give

721
00:37:55,560 --> 00:37:59,360
Speaker 2: to the world for free, it generated I think in

722
00:37:59,400 --> 00:38:04,000
Speaker 2: twenty twenty ninety four billion dollars worth of stuff, right,

723
00:38:04,120 --> 00:38:07,720
Speaker 2: all of that receivers that were sold, all the tunnels

724
00:38:07,719 --> 00:38:10,400
Speaker 2: that were drilled correctly, Like, all that stuff came to

725
00:38:10,520 --> 00:38:14,120
Speaker 2: generate ninety four billion dollars and in the next five

726
00:38:14,200 --> 00:38:17,520
Speaker 2: years it's expected to hit almost three hundred billion. So

727
00:38:17,600 --> 00:38:21,000
Speaker 2: it's a big deal. Like, we rely on GPS a lot,

728
00:38:21,920 --> 00:38:25,839
Speaker 2: and so because we rely on something this much, and

729
00:38:25,880 --> 00:38:29,680
Speaker 2: because like you said, we don't have a backup of

730
00:38:29,800 --> 00:38:31,640
Speaker 2: GPS in particular.

731
00:38:32,040 --> 00:38:36,120
Speaker 3: It can be pretty delicate.

732
00:38:36,560 --> 00:38:40,120
Speaker 2: I guess you could say to put it delicately, because

733
00:38:40,160 --> 00:38:43,440
Speaker 2: it can get screwed up pretty bad, pretty easily, and

734
00:38:43,480 --> 00:38:46,040
Speaker 2: in fact, on a very local level, you or I

735
00:38:46,080 --> 00:38:49,680
Speaker 2: could go screw up somebody's GPS for fun anytime we wanted.

736
00:38:50,239 --> 00:38:54,080
Speaker 1: Yeah, that was a little disconcerting to learn. I thought like, oh, well,

737
00:38:54,120 --> 00:38:58,760
Speaker 1: surely this thing has just some weird, robust government shield

738
00:38:58,880 --> 00:39:04,200
Speaker 1: that can be hacked, right, And that's not true. In

739
00:39:04,239 --> 00:39:07,120
Speaker 1: fact the military, I mean it's part of military, just

740
00:39:07,160 --> 00:39:12,560
Speaker 1: regular operations to jam GPS for another country, they're planes

741
00:39:12,560 --> 00:39:15,400
Speaker 1: and drones, or to spoof it is when you send it,

742
00:39:15,719 --> 00:39:18,600
Speaker 1: you know, jam it and make it nonoperable. But you're like, oh,

743
00:39:18,680 --> 00:39:21,800
Speaker 1: here's some fake coordinates that you're going to think are real, right, Yeah,

744
00:39:21,840 --> 00:39:23,560
Speaker 1: like they do that all the time. Countries do that

745
00:39:23,600 --> 00:39:27,160
Speaker 1: to us all the time. But like you said, any

746
00:39:27,160 --> 00:39:29,480
Speaker 1: schmow that's got three hundred bucks can get a software

747
00:39:29,520 --> 00:39:32,200
Speaker 1: defined radio and figure out how to use it and

748
00:39:32,320 --> 00:39:35,680
Speaker 1: jam somebody's GPS. And so your neighbor's walking around wondering

749
00:39:35,680 --> 00:39:36,640
Speaker 1: where that restaurant is.

750
00:39:37,080 --> 00:39:41,440
Speaker 2: I know, they're like a Friday's, right, I want to

751
00:39:41,480 --> 00:39:46,280
Speaker 2: go to Bennigan's. Yeah, so you were talking about spoofing. Apparently,

752
00:39:46,280 --> 00:39:53,160
Speaker 2: Iran in twenty nineteen, just for kicks, spoofed British cargo

753
00:39:53,239 --> 00:39:57,200
Speaker 2: ships GPS and told that it was in international waters

754
00:39:57,239 --> 00:40:00,640
Speaker 2: when really they had drifted into Iranian waters. So Ron

755
00:40:00,800 --> 00:40:02,920
Speaker 2: was like, Oh, you're our ship now, and you're our

756
00:40:03,000 --> 00:40:04,680
Speaker 2: crew now. And they held the whole thing for ten

757
00:40:04,719 --> 00:40:06,800
Speaker 2: weeks just by being jerks.

758
00:40:06,840 --> 00:40:07,320
Speaker 3: Apparently.

759
00:40:07,360 --> 00:40:09,719
Speaker 2: I can't figure out what the point would have been

760
00:40:09,760 --> 00:40:11,560
Speaker 2: for that, other than to flex.

761
00:40:12,560 --> 00:40:16,160
Speaker 1: Yeah, that is a little odd. I'm sure somebody knows,

762
00:40:16,600 --> 00:40:17,600
Speaker 1: or maybe it was a flex.

763
00:40:17,880 --> 00:40:20,280
Speaker 3: Yeah, and the kids still say that, right, they flex.

764
00:40:20,840 --> 00:40:22,239
Speaker 1: Oh you're asking the wrong guy.

765
00:40:22,360 --> 00:40:23,799
Speaker 3: Okay, well let's say they do.

766
00:40:24,239 --> 00:40:26,080
Speaker 1: I mean, Ruby says things I don't understand, and I

767
00:40:26,160 --> 00:40:26,919
Speaker 1: just don't even ask.

768
00:40:27,840 --> 00:40:32,279
Speaker 2: I know, I know my niece Mila was schooling a

769
00:40:32,400 --> 00:40:35,520
Speaker 2: son slang and I'm like, there's no context for that.

770
00:40:35,560 --> 00:40:39,160
Speaker 2: It doesn't make any sense. Yeah, I'm trying to think

771
00:40:39,200 --> 00:40:41,200
Speaker 2: of one example. I know I'm gonna get wrong.

772
00:40:41,480 --> 00:40:47,760
Speaker 1: No cap no, something like skibbity Oh uh, Skibbity's toilet.

773
00:40:48,080 --> 00:40:48,960
Speaker 3: Yes, and I.

774
00:40:48,960 --> 00:40:51,279
Speaker 2: Understand, yes it's a web video or whatever, but the

775
00:40:52,840 --> 00:40:55,480
Speaker 2: videos itself make no sense whatsoever too.

776
00:40:56,480 --> 00:40:58,920
Speaker 1: Yeah. Hey, you know all we did in the eighties

777
00:40:59,000 --> 00:41:01,880
Speaker 1: was short and awesome, to OUs and unass.

778
00:41:01,680 --> 00:41:03,719
Speaker 3: That our big contribution that was.

779
00:41:03,680 --> 00:41:06,120
Speaker 1: As sophisticated as we got. I don't know about the

780
00:41:06,120 --> 00:41:06,880
Speaker 1: skippity stuff.

781
00:41:06,960 --> 00:41:08,800
Speaker 2: Yeah, And I don't mean to complain. I mean the

782
00:41:09,080 --> 00:41:11,520
Speaker 2: generation like builds on the mask, comes up with its

783
00:41:11,560 --> 00:41:15,160
Speaker 2: own stuff. I'm happy about that. I just don't understand it.

784
00:41:15,680 --> 00:41:17,080
Speaker 1: Well, that's the point I think.

785
00:41:17,600 --> 00:41:20,560
Speaker 2: You know, I think you're right, actually, and I'm kind

786
00:41:20,560 --> 00:41:21,239
Speaker 2: of hurt by that.

787
00:41:21,640 --> 00:41:23,920
Speaker 1: Yeah, it's it's you know, kids and teens come up

788
00:41:23,960 --> 00:41:25,719
Speaker 1: with their own language, so adults don't know what the

789
00:41:25,719 --> 00:41:28,640
Speaker 1: heck we're talking about, and they can laugh behind our backs. Yeah,

790
00:41:29,000 --> 00:41:29,799
Speaker 1: we did the same thing.

791
00:41:30,200 --> 00:41:30,680
Speaker 3: I didn't.

792
00:41:30,840 --> 00:41:33,480
Speaker 1: We said that's very unaus and our parents were like,

793
00:41:33,600 --> 00:41:34,440
Speaker 1: what are they saying?

794
00:41:35,120 --> 00:41:36,759
Speaker 3: I can't make heads or tails of it.

795
00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:43,080
Speaker 1: Airlines can get jammed. There was a study that found

796
00:41:43,280 --> 00:41:47,560
Speaker 1: intentional jamming of airlines was a problem in three regions

797
00:41:47,600 --> 00:41:51,240
Speaker 1: only three. More than seventy thousand flights were jammed between

798
00:41:51,280 --> 00:41:56,799
Speaker 1: February and August of twenty twenty two. And that you know,

799
00:41:56,840 --> 00:41:58,960
Speaker 1: once you jam it up, you can't reset it. Like

800
00:41:59,000 --> 00:42:01,960
Speaker 1: that plain Lands and then the unjamming happens.

801
00:42:02,080 --> 00:42:03,839
Speaker 2: Yeah, you have to turn the whole thing off and

802
00:42:03,880 --> 00:42:07,240
Speaker 2: reset everything. You can't just reset the GPS antenna.

803
00:42:07,960 --> 00:42:09,799
Speaker 1: And they need to work out all that stuff, don't

804
00:42:09,840 --> 00:42:10,240
Speaker 1: you think.

805
00:42:10,160 --> 00:42:13,960
Speaker 2: They definitely do. But something about those flights being jammed,

806
00:42:14,000 --> 00:42:17,279
Speaker 2: Those are civilian flights being jammed by bad actors and

807
00:42:17,360 --> 00:42:21,040
Speaker 2: sometimes governments and militaries. So what you're trying to do,

808
00:42:21,160 --> 00:42:23,200
Speaker 2: essentially is to crash a plane full of people.

809
00:42:23,480 --> 00:42:25,840
Speaker 3: Like that's your shot. It's not like a really.

810
00:42:27,160 --> 00:42:30,840
Speaker 2: Dedicated shot at it, but that's pretty much the goal

811
00:42:31,120 --> 00:42:32,879
Speaker 2: of doing that to an airliner.

812
00:42:33,640 --> 00:42:36,399
Speaker 1: Yeah, and you have no idea how much I put

813
00:42:36,400 --> 00:42:38,360
Speaker 1: my hand over my mouth when you said bad actors,

814
00:42:38,360 --> 00:42:40,720
Speaker 1: and I almost shouted out a few names of actors.

815
00:42:41,760 --> 00:42:42,680
Speaker 3: Who are you gonna name?

816
00:42:43,000 --> 00:42:45,200
Speaker 1: No, I can't because you know, you never know people

817
00:42:45,280 --> 00:42:48,440
Speaker 1: might listen to this. Where I'm sensitive to hurting people's

818
00:42:48,440 --> 00:42:49,680
Speaker 1: feelings now here in my fifties.

819
00:42:49,719 --> 00:42:51,799
Speaker 3: I think that's great, man, Well text me some names

820
00:42:51,840 --> 00:42:53,879
Speaker 3: then I will. Okay.

821
00:42:54,440 --> 00:42:59,880
Speaker 2: There's another thing that spoofing, I believe I think they

822
00:43:00,200 --> 00:43:04,320
Speaker 2: spoofing for it is to cheat at games like Pokemon Go. Yeah,

823
00:43:04,360 --> 00:43:08,080
Speaker 2: where you can fake where your own GPS coordinates are

824
00:43:08,239 --> 00:43:11,719
Speaker 2: to say like, oh, I'm at the I don't know

825
00:43:11,800 --> 00:43:15,040
Speaker 2: Pikachu's layer or something like that. So give me the

826
00:43:15,080 --> 00:43:18,600
Speaker 2: egg that Pikachu's guarding, which I can turn into like

827
00:43:18,680 --> 00:43:21,279
Speaker 2: some ski ball tickets and get a comb.

828
00:43:23,080 --> 00:43:27,200
Speaker 1: Or skibbity toilet. I hope that doesn't mean something dirty, right.

829
00:43:27,640 --> 00:43:30,720
Speaker 2: It means nothing from what Mela's told me, Like, it's

830
00:43:30,800 --> 00:43:34,160
Speaker 2: just basically a thing you say. Okay, I hope I'm

831
00:43:34,200 --> 00:43:36,080
Speaker 2: not outing Mela is uncool though.

832
00:43:37,040 --> 00:43:39,640
Speaker 1: Well, I'm just glad that you have someone in your

833
00:43:39,640 --> 00:43:42,000
Speaker 1: life that's a down with that kind of stuff, because

834
00:43:42,960 --> 00:43:44,880
Speaker 1: it's pretty vital these days.

835
00:43:45,200 --> 00:43:47,120
Speaker 2: I don't know if it's vital that I know that

836
00:43:47,280 --> 00:43:49,480
Speaker 2: skibbity toilet exists.

837
00:43:49,000 --> 00:43:52,319
Speaker 1: But maybe not that. But Skibbity toilet has its own

838
00:43:52,320 --> 00:43:53,279
Speaker 1: Wikipedia entry.

839
00:43:53,680 --> 00:43:56,239
Speaker 3: Oh, I believe it. Have you seen the videos though

840
00:43:56,239 --> 00:43:57,000
Speaker 3: that it's based on.

841
00:43:57,480 --> 00:43:59,880
Speaker 1: No, But I see a screenshot now and their MESMERI

842
00:44:01,560 --> 00:44:02,680
Speaker 1: it doesn't pull me in.

843
00:44:03,040 --> 00:44:04,960
Speaker 2: You should watch a second or two of it. You

844
00:44:04,960 --> 00:44:06,520
Speaker 2: don't need to watch much. You get the gist of

845
00:44:06,520 --> 00:44:09,160
Speaker 2: it really quick. But it's like like you'll find that

846
00:44:09,200 --> 00:44:12,280
Speaker 2: your mouth is open, not in awe, but just because

847
00:44:12,280 --> 00:44:16,839
Speaker 2: you're like you're glazed over right. So, like you said,

848
00:44:16,840 --> 00:44:21,759
Speaker 2: the United States is not unaware of the vulnerability. That

849
00:44:21,920 --> 00:44:25,240
Speaker 2: was what I was saying. It was in a delicate position.

850
00:44:25,280 --> 00:44:29,040
Speaker 2: It's vulnerable. It's a very vulnerable system, and you know,

851
00:44:29,440 --> 00:44:33,920
Speaker 2: like globally and also locally. So they are taking steps

852
00:44:33,960 --> 00:44:37,200
Speaker 2: to update it and that is going to come in

853
00:44:37,239 --> 00:44:41,680
Speaker 2: the form of adding more and more L five satellites.

854
00:44:41,960 --> 00:44:45,280
Speaker 2: But for now, if you want to be a little shocked,

855
00:44:46,040 --> 00:44:50,120
Speaker 2: taking into consideration how dependent we are a GPS, the

856
00:44:50,200 --> 00:44:53,759
Speaker 2: average age of a GPS, specifically the United States is

857
00:44:53,800 --> 00:44:58,080
Speaker 2: Global Positioning System satellites is thirteen years.

858
00:44:58,480 --> 00:45:01,360
Speaker 3: Yeah, that is real the old for a satellite.

859
00:45:01,360 --> 00:45:04,200
Speaker 2: But Chuck tell him how old the oldest satellite in

860
00:45:04,239 --> 00:45:06,880
Speaker 2: the constellation of GPS satellites is.

861
00:45:07,800 --> 00:45:13,000
Speaker 1: Uh, that would be twenty seven years old, is that right?

862
00:45:13,080 --> 00:45:21,719
Speaker 3: Yeah? Yes, that thing has circopania. Oh I guess that's

863
00:45:21,760 --> 00:45:23,120
Speaker 3: it for GPS. Huh.

864
00:45:23,239 --> 00:45:26,799
Speaker 1: Yeah. This was more fun than I thought. And you

865
00:45:26,840 --> 00:45:28,239
Speaker 1: know what, I'm glad we had some fun and had

866
00:45:28,280 --> 00:45:32,879
Speaker 1: some laughs because it feels like a lighter tribute for Marshall. Yeah,

867
00:45:32,920 --> 00:45:34,120
Speaker 1: something else for sure.

868
00:45:34,440 --> 00:45:38,160
Speaker 2: Hopefully we made you proud, Marshall, and thanks again for everything.

869
00:45:39,120 --> 00:45:42,719
Speaker 2: And since we said thanks to Marshall Brain and I

870
00:45:42,760 --> 00:45:44,279
Speaker 2: think it's time for listener mail.

871
00:45:47,560 --> 00:45:50,680
Speaker 1: I'm gonna call this forget Rice. How about some peace

872
00:45:50,719 --> 00:45:53,280
Speaker 1: and love? Hey, guys, A big fan of the show.

873
00:45:53,440 --> 00:45:55,560
Speaker 1: I love listening when training for marathons and loved the

874
00:45:55,560 --> 00:45:59,279
Speaker 1: recent marathon episodes. While listening to the history of refrigeration,

875
00:45:59,440 --> 00:46:04,480
Speaker 1: the Rice method for managing a musculo skeletal injury was mentioned.

876
00:46:04,840 --> 00:46:07,640
Speaker 1: Did you know guys that in twenty twenty the medical

877
00:46:07,680 --> 00:46:11,680
Speaker 1: world throughout the Rice method and transitioned it to Peace

878
00:46:11,800 --> 00:46:12,239
Speaker 1: and Love.

879
00:46:13,920 --> 00:46:16,759
Speaker 3: I don't even remember mentioning that, let alone knowing that

880
00:46:16,920 --> 00:46:17,319
Speaker 3: did bit.

881
00:46:17,920 --> 00:46:21,040
Speaker 1: I think I probably did so for peace and love.

882
00:46:21,080 --> 00:46:25,360
Speaker 1: We have protection avoid activities at cospain for two to

883
00:46:25,400 --> 00:46:30,600
Speaker 1: three days elevation. The A is avoid anti inflammatories because

884
00:46:30,640 --> 00:46:33,239
Speaker 1: apparently that reduces healing, and you should avoid ice too.

885
00:46:33,760 --> 00:46:37,120
Speaker 2: I have heard that that anti inflammatories are actually not

886
00:46:37,360 --> 00:46:38,160
Speaker 2: very good for you.

887
00:46:38,960 --> 00:46:41,799
Speaker 1: I just I never take those anyway, because I don't

888
00:46:41,800 --> 00:46:42,520
Speaker 1: really need to.

889
00:46:42,600 --> 00:46:45,840
Speaker 3: But yeah, lucky, some people really need them.

890
00:46:46,239 --> 00:46:49,680
Speaker 1: I know. I'm sure where I was a so down

891
00:46:49,719 --> 00:46:54,080
Speaker 1: to c compression e education, which is avoid a necessary

892
00:46:54,080 --> 00:46:56,880
Speaker 1: passive treatments. Your body will heal, so I guess educate yourself.

893
00:46:57,000 --> 00:46:58,960
Speaker 3: They were like, you really need an e here.

894
00:46:59,600 --> 00:47:04,759
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah basically, and then we and is not spelled out,

895
00:47:04,760 --> 00:47:09,680
Speaker 1: but love is load. Let your pain be your guide, optimism,

896
00:47:09,840 --> 00:47:17,000
Speaker 1: condition your brain, vascularization, pain free cardio and exercise, restore

897
00:47:17,040 --> 00:47:21,640
Speaker 1: mobility through active approach. And Sarah says this is a lot.

898
00:47:22,080 --> 00:47:24,080
Speaker 1: I hope people can learn to avoid ice and anti

899
00:47:24,120 --> 00:47:27,920
Speaker 1: inflammatories for optimal recovery. But it's having a hard time

900
00:47:27,960 --> 00:47:28,319
Speaker 1: catching on.

901
00:47:29,120 --> 00:47:30,279
Speaker 3: And I imagine why.

902
00:47:31,280 --> 00:47:34,800
Speaker 1: That is from Sarah pt bird Nerd Hollingsworth and she's

903
00:47:34,880 --> 00:47:36,880
Speaker 1: a bird nerd and loves our bird episodes.

904
00:47:37,120 --> 00:47:39,840
Speaker 2: That's awesome. Thanks Sarah, way to spread the good word.

905
00:47:40,200 --> 00:47:42,360
Speaker 2: I know there's a lot of good advice and information

906
00:47:42,480 --> 00:47:44,880
Speaker 2: in there, but it's just going to take months of

907
00:47:44,920 --> 00:47:49,880
Speaker 2: digesting that information to try to figure out those acronyms. Yeah,

908
00:47:49,920 --> 00:47:51,920
Speaker 2: if you want to be like Sarah and put something

909
00:47:51,960 --> 00:47:54,160
Speaker 2: on our radar that we weren't aware of before, we

910
00:47:54,239 --> 00:47:56,880
Speaker 2: love that kind of thing. You can send it to

911
00:47:57,000 --> 00:48:00,359
Speaker 2: us via email like Sarah did to Stuff Podcasts at

912
00:48:00,360 --> 00:48:05,080
Speaker 2: iHeartRadio dot com.

913
00:48:05,239 --> 00:48:08,120
Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For

914
00:48:08,200 --> 00:48:12,360
Speaker 1: more podcasts myheart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple podcasts,

915
00:48:12,480 --> 00:48:14,320
Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.