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Speaker 1: The land along Virginia's coastline had long been settled by

2
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Speaker 1: the eighteenth century, but the territory west of that along

3
00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:15,319
Speaker 1: the Blue Ridge in Piedmont was a different story. Even

4
00:00:15,400 --> 00:00:20,000
Speaker 1: centuries later, those rolling hills and valleys remained largely uninhabited.

5
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Speaker 1: The British government took notice when the French began to

6
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Speaker 1: colonize the Ohio Valley. If the territory became exclusively French,

7
00:00:28,320 --> 00:00:31,120
Speaker 1: their British settlements would be limited to the region east

8
00:00:31,200 --> 00:00:34,720
Speaker 1: of the Appalachian Mountains. To aid in the British colonization

9
00:00:34,840 --> 00:00:39,400
Speaker 1: of unappropriated lands, the Virginia Council and Governor made land grants,

10
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Speaker 1: some of which were quite large. Colonist John Lewis headed

11
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Speaker 1: up the Loyal Company of Virginia, a survey company that

12
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Speaker 1: secured one of the Governor's grants on July twelfth of

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Speaker 1: seventeen forty eight. The Loyal Company was granted over eight

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Speaker 1: hundred thousand acres surrounding the Virginia and North Carolina area

15
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Speaker 1: and ran westward to present day Kentucky Key. Essentially, the

16
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Speaker 1: company enticed settlers to purchase land. It goes without saying

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Speaker 1: that neither the French nor the British consulted the indigenous

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Speaker 1: people regarding this landgrad The grant and the company were

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Speaker 1: quite the endeavor, but John had help. His neighbors Peter

20
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Speaker 1: and Joshua, as well as friends Thomas Walker and Thomas Merriweather,

21
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Speaker 1: were also Loyal Company grant recipients. When John secured the grant,

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Speaker 1: he appointed Thomas Walker as an agent and sent him

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Speaker 1: and several other men westward to explore potential land acquisitions.

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Speaker 1: The Loyal Company wasn't the only business surveying and selling land, though,

25
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Speaker 1: and got into conflict with another surveying business, the Ohio Company.

26
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Speaker 1: The Loyal Company began advertising promising settler's cheap land. They

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Speaker 1: offered buyers the option of reasonable payments. Squatters were forced

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Speaker 1: to pay the Loyal Company's asking price. Before Thomas Walker

29
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Speaker 1: and a few of the other men set out to

30
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Speaker 1: survey parts of eastern Kentucky, Peter made a name for

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Speaker 1: himself through another more notable expedition. Peter's reputation as a

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Speaker 1: skilled surveyor had long preceded him. He had come from

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Speaker 1: a family who owned considerable property near present day Richmond, Virginia.

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Speaker 1: In addition to his skills and intelligence, his physical strength

35
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Speaker 1: and endurance were about to be tested. Peter had teamed

36
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Speaker 1: up with another surveyor, Joshua Fry, in seventeen forty six,

37
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Speaker 1: to mark off property owned by Lord Fairfax. The uncharted

38
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Speaker 1: territory across the state proved to be quite a dangerous adventure.

39
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Speaker 1: The pair first headed south, marking the dividing line between

40
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Speaker 1: Virginia and North Carolina. The terrain across the Blue Ridge

41
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Speaker 1: Mountains was treacherous, and reportedly the men fought off attacks

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Speaker 1: from local wildlife at night. The pair had to sleep

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Speaker 1: in trees for safety. Their expedition led Louis Burwell, Virginia's

44
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Speaker 1: acting governor, to commission the men to create a map

45
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Speaker 1: of the region in seventeen fifty. The governor worried that

46
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Speaker 1: the French were potentially encroaching on British territory, and the

47
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Speaker 1: surveyor's previous expedition and detail held material made them the

48
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Speaker 1: most logical choice. Peter and Joshua worked tirelessly on the map,

49
00:03:06,360 --> 00:03:09,840
Speaker 1: printed in seventeen fifty one. In the following years, the

50
00:03:09,919 --> 00:03:13,880
Speaker 1: map's accuracy benefited British generals during the Seven Years War.

51
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Speaker 1: Four copperplate engravings were made of the map, making it

52
00:03:17,680 --> 00:03:21,600
Speaker 1: Virginia's most significant map of its day, and most importantly,

53
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Speaker 1: the map would be used decades later, in seventeen eighty

54
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Speaker 1: one by Peter's son Thomas, as part of a book

55
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Speaker 1: that he would write called Notes on the State of

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Speaker 1: Virginia and what was Peter's son's full name, Thomas Jefferson.

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Speaker 1: I'm Aaron Mankee, and welcome to the Wild West. From

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Speaker 1: Alaska and parts of Canada and throughout the lower forty

59
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Speaker 1: eight States, the indigenous peoples lived independently, each self supporting.

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Speaker 1: They built homes or followed the migration of animals. They

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Speaker 1: formed their own systems of government and trade whatever foods

62
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Speaker 1: or products they traded. Most indigenous people valued one thing

63
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Speaker 1: above all, their land, and other countries agreed. Europeans first

64
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Speaker 1: began to set up colonies shortly after Christopher Columbus's journey,

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Speaker 1: and the Spanish conquistro or Hernando de Soto arrived in

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Speaker 1: search of gold in the mid sixteenth century, ordering the

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Speaker 1: slaughter of any tribe thought to be hiding gold. Meanwhile,

68
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Speaker 1: the French began to settle in the territories from Canada

69
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Speaker 1: down to what is present day Louisiana. The first English

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Speaker 1: attempts at settlements in fifteen eighty five and again two

71
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Speaker 1: years later during the Roanoke Colony failed. The English first

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Speaker 1: found success in sixteen oh seven with Jamestown, Virginia. However,

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Speaker 1: survival wouldn't have been possible without the help from local

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Speaker 1: indigenous tribes. Further north, England established a colony at Plymouth

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Speaker 1: in sixteen twenty with assistance from the native peoples. More

76
00:05:00,440 --> 00:05:04,120
Speaker 1: Europeans arrived, all looking to seize land from local tribes.

77
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Speaker 1: Although Native Americans fought to keep their land, the onslaught

78
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Speaker 1: of immigrants and the diseases that they brought forced them

79
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Speaker 1: further into the nation's interior. While England began colonizing the

80
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Speaker 1: New World's eastern regions, the French kept busy with the interior.

81
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Speaker 1: Although we think of the English settlements taking over much

82
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Speaker 1: of present day America, in the mid eighteenth century, France

83
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Speaker 1: controlled more US territory than England or Spain. On April

84
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Speaker 1: ninth of sixteen eighty two, French explorer Robert Cavalier stood

85
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Speaker 1: before a group of Native Americans and announced that their

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Speaker 1: land now belonged to King Louis the fourteenth and named

87
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Speaker 1: the region Louisiana after the French monarch. Later, in seventeen eighteen,

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Speaker 1: Jean Baptiste Lemoyne founded Nouvelle or Leone in honor of

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Speaker 1: Prince Philippe, regent to France and the Duke of Orleon.

90
00:05:53,800 --> 00:05:56,800
Speaker 1: The French and Indian War brought changes in land rights,

91
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Speaker 1: and France surrendered the Louisiana territory west of the misiss

92
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Speaker 1: Sippy to Spain in seventeen sixty two and the rest

93
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Speaker 1: to Great Britain a year later. To Thomas Jefferson, the

94
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Speaker 1: western frontier held great potential. Jefferson shared his father's love

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Speaker 1: of exploration and land, and like his father, Jefferson had

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Speaker 1: extensive knowledge of American territory. In fact, in seventeen seventy nine,

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Speaker 1: while still Virginia's governor, he attempted to strike a deal

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Speaker 1: with the Spanish for land access in Louisiana. While the

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Speaker 1: deal failed, Jefferson kept his eye on the prize the

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Speaker 1: port city of New Orleans. During his rise to power

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Speaker 1: in seventeen ninety nine, Napoleon sought to re establish France

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Speaker 1: in America. In eighteen hundred, Spain quietly exchanged land in

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Speaker 1: Italy for Louisiana. Jefferson feared that Napoleon would cut off

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Speaker 1: access to the Mississippi River and the port city. By

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Speaker 1: eighteen oh one, Jefferson had become the nation's third president.

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Speaker 1: What lay beyond a fifty mile westward radius from most

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Speaker 1: settlements remained mostly unknown, though in his address Jefferson promised

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Speaker 1: to change that. In support of his belief that God

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Speaker 1: had given men land to explore and tame, Jefferson offered

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Speaker 1: George Rogers Clark funding to explore the western territory. Clark declined,

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Speaker 1: but suggested that his brother William might be up to

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Speaker 1: the task instead. When Spain's King Charles the Fourth officially

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Speaker 1: signed over Louisiana in eighteen oh two, tensions between the

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Speaker 1: US and France escalated. US rights to the ports expired,

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Speaker 1: risking large amounts of goods. As Jefferson feared, frontiersmen suggested

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Speaker 1: taking Louisiana by force instead, an opportunity presented itself, you

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Speaker 1: see years earlier, in seventeen ninety one, a revolt in

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Speaker 1: Sandamanga among the enslaved people there started a domino effect,

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Speaker 1: forcing France to abolish slavery to stem the violence. It

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Speaker 1: didn't work, though, before long, enslaved people took over, and

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Speaker 1: more revolts in French owned territories followed. When winter weather

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Speaker 1: thwarted Napoleon's plans to send troops from the Netherlands to

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Speaker 1: New Orleans and eighteen oh three, Jefferson offered to buy

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Speaker 1: the city. To his surprise, the French gave him the

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Speaker 1: opportunity to buy the entire Louisiana territory, from Canada to

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Speaker 1: the Rocky Mountains and south from the Mississippi River. While

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Speaker 1: France had plenty of reasons, Jefferson didn't ponder them too much.

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Speaker 1: He had been granted nine million dollars to make the deal,

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Speaker 1: hardly close to the twenty two million asking price. Through negotiations,

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Speaker 1: the agreed price was dropped to fifteen million dollars, Jefferson

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Speaker 1: accepted without Washington's approval. While some approved of Jefferson overstepping

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Speaker 1: his bounds, others did not. On May second of eighteen

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Speaker 1: oh three, France and the US signed the deal and

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Speaker 1: backdated it to April thirtieth, though the US wouldn't take

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Speaker 1: over until later that year. The day was bright and

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Speaker 1: sunny on December twelfth of eighteen oh three in New

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Speaker 1: Orleans main square, officials lowered the French tricolor and hoisted

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Speaker 1: the American flag throughout the port. People cheered. Meanwhile, though

139
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Speaker 1: French politician Pierre Clement de la Sas stood on the

140
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Speaker 1: balcony at the town hall and quietly wept go West.

141
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Speaker 1: It's a phrase we've often heard, and even before the

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Speaker 1: Louisiana purchase, Jefferson had his mindset on sending explorers on

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Speaker 1: an expedition to the Pacific. He wrote Congress on January

144
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Speaker 1: eighteenth of eighteen oh three, asking for twenty five hundred

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Speaker 1: dollars for the Core of Discovery. The purpose, he explained,

146
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Speaker 1: would be to establish trade with the indigenous tribes, and

147
00:09:36,800 --> 00:09:41,040
Speaker 1: a CFO water route to the Pacific Ocean existed. Congress

148
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Speaker 1: approved the expedition in February of eighteen oh three. Jefferson

149
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Speaker 1: wrote his secretary Meriwether Lewis four months later, asking him

150
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Speaker 1: to lead the expedition. Lewis had served with the militia

151
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Speaker 1: during the Whiskey Rebellion before becoming Jefferson's secretary. At the

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Speaker 1: age of twenty seven. He had risen to the rank

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Speaker 1: of captain in the arm Although he was born in Virginia,

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Speaker 1: Lewis spent most of his youth in Georgia, where he

155
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Speaker 1: had learned to hunt. Jefferson asked Lewis to document everything

156
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Speaker 1: from plants and animals to the soil, weather and topography,

157
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Speaker 1: and the indigenous people that they encountered. To prepare, Lewis

158
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Speaker 1: studied under the nation's top scientists in Philadelphia. He also

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Speaker 1: visited Harper's Ferry to stock up on rifles, ammunition, and

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Speaker 1: other supplies that Jefferson thought necessary for the journey. While

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00:10:29,480 --> 00:10:33,360
Speaker 1: the supplies were shipped to Philadelphia, Lewis began selecting recruits

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Speaker 1: to join him. He chose William Clark to be his

163
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Speaker 1: partner and sent him a letter on June nineteenth. In

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Speaker 1: addition to his military record, Clark excelled at making maps.

165
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Speaker 1: Lewis explained that their journey would take them well outside

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Speaker 1: of US territory, although France and Great Britain had granted

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Speaker 1: them a passport. Lewis planned to start from the mouth

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Speaker 1: of the Mississippi River. The journey wouldn't be easy, though

169
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Speaker 1: The river current was swift and downed logs submerged under

170
00:11:00,800 --> 00:11:05,040
Speaker 1: the surface might capsize boats. Every observation and every recording

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Speaker 1: must be cared for and protected. Jefferson orders included that

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Speaker 1: they were to treat all indigenous tribes with courtesy and friendliness.

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Speaker 1: He supplied Lewis with smallpox vaccines to give to the tribes.

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Speaker 1: On July eighteenth, Clark replied, accepting Lewis's request. Clark was

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Speaker 1: also a Native Virginian, although his family had moved to

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Speaker 1: Kentucky when he was a teenager. During the summer, Lewis

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Speaker 1: had a custom boat made to accommodate the crew. Construction

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00:11:31,320 --> 00:11:34,400
Speaker 1: took longer than expected, but on August thirty first, Lewis

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Speaker 1: and a crew of eleven set off down the Ohio River.

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Speaker 1: After overcoming some initial difficulties, they arrived in Clarksville, Indiana

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Speaker 1: on October fourteenth, where Clark and an additional nine men

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Speaker 1: joined them. And if that coincidence of names Clark and

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Speaker 1: Clarksville makes you curious, yes, the place was named after

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Speaker 1: a Clark, William Clark's brother George Rogers Clark, the man

185
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Speaker 1: responsible for William's involvement in the first place. It seems

186
00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:03,199
Speaker 1: maybe they were looking for a poetic start to their journey.

187
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Speaker 1: Two months later, the team arrived in Saint Louis. The

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Speaker 1: men spent the winter recruiting and training others, growing the

189
00:12:09,480 --> 00:12:13,080
Speaker 1: Corp of Discovery to over seventy people. On May fourteenth

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Speaker 1: of eighteen oh four, after gathering additional supplies, the Corps

191
00:12:16,559 --> 00:12:19,480
Speaker 1: headed up the Missouri River on their custom keel boats

192
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Speaker 1: and additional canoes. Strong currents, insects, and heat made for

193
00:12:24,120 --> 00:12:28,440
Speaker 1: a slow and uncomfortable start. Lewis and Clark journaled everything, too,

194
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Speaker 1: naming streams, animals, and plants along the way. Every morning,

195
00:12:33,600 --> 00:12:36,959
Speaker 1: hunters searched for food, and while Lewis walked the shoreline

196
00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:40,640
Speaker 1: documenting what he found, Clark stayed on the boat. Over

197
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Speaker 1: the course of the expedition, Lewis and Clark met with

198
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Speaker 1: and took council with about fifty different local tribes to

199
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Speaker 1: establish goodwill. Lewis and Clark presented the tribe's leader with

200
00:12:51,440 --> 00:12:55,000
Speaker 1: a Jefferson Indian peace metal and offered to trade goods.

201
00:12:55,400 --> 00:12:58,600
Speaker 1: Interestingly enough, they also informed the tribes that America owned

202
00:12:58,640 --> 00:13:02,400
Speaker 1: their lands, and in a shoe of peace, offered military protection.

203
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Speaker 1: In late September, they traveled through Sioux Territory in what

204
00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:09,200
Speaker 1: is now Pierre, South Dakota. Lewis and Clark knew that

205
00:13:09,240 --> 00:13:11,920
Speaker 1: the Tensions between the Sioux and the settlers were high,

206
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:15,040
Speaker 1: as well as with another neighboring tribe. At first, their

207
00:13:15,160 --> 00:13:17,760
Speaker 1: interactions did not go well, but in the end they

208
00:13:17,840 --> 00:13:21,440
Speaker 1: shared a meal and stories before traveling on. When the

209
00:13:21,480 --> 00:13:24,680
Speaker 1: frost began to appear with regularity and the nights grew cooler,

210
00:13:24,960 --> 00:13:27,240
Speaker 1: the men built a fort for the winter just north

211
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Speaker 1: of present day Bismarck, North Dakota, and nearby lived two

212
00:13:30,800 --> 00:13:34,800
Speaker 1: notable Native American tribes, the Mandan and the Hidatsa. The

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00:13:34,840 --> 00:13:38,280
Speaker 1: two coexisted peacefully during their more than one hundred and

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Speaker 1: fifty day residency. At the camp that they named Fort Mandan,

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Speaker 1: they met Sheheke, a member of the Mandan tribe. Much

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Speaker 1: of the survival of the corps is owed to him.

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Speaker 1: Although white settlers had brought smallpox to the area and

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Speaker 1: wiped out a significant amount of his tribe, he still

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Speaker 1: offered his assistance, even providing them with a map. But

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Speaker 1: the Mandan, of course, weren't the only Native Americans to

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Speaker 1: help Louis and Clark. The expedition westward meant crossing the

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Speaker 1: Rocky Mountains, and without the help of the Shoshone, the

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Speaker 1: trip would be impossible. Fortunately for Lewis and Clark, they

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Speaker 1: met Toussaint Charboneau, a trapper and fur trader who had

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Speaker 1: two Shoshone wives. One of Charboneau's wives was a teenage

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Speaker 1: Shoshone girl named Sakajuwea. In February of eighteen oh five,

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Speaker 1: Sakajuia gave birth to a little boy named Jean Baptiste.

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Speaker 1: Lewis and Clark learned that she had come to live

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Speaker 1: with the Hidatsas when she was a child. Her tribe

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Speaker 1: had traveled from the area of Colorado. The Hidatsa attacked,

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Speaker 1: taking the women and children with them with a snow

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Speaker 1: and ice melting In the spring of eighteen oh five.

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Speaker 1: Lewis and Clark sent some of the party back to

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Speaker 1: Saint Louis with a variety of soil samples, artifacts, seeds,

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Speaker 1: and small animals. The remainder of the camp, including the

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Speaker 1: addition of Charboneau, Sakajuwea, and their infant son, began their

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Speaker 1: journey west. Lewis journaled new plants and animal specimens, including

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Speaker 1: grizzly bears, which they hunted until a few of the

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Speaker 1: bears hunted back. That is, on June thirteenth, they came

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Speaker 1: to the great Falls. Lewis wrote that the rapids made

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Speaker 1: crossing at that point impossible, forcing them to continue on

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Speaker 1: foot for eighteen miles, and as you imagine, carrying the

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Speaker 1: supplies was backbreaking. Mosquitoes and rattlesnakes were plentiful, and the

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Speaker 1: hunters had to contend with those grizzly bears when they

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Speaker 1: were out foraging for food. In late July, they reached

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Speaker 1: the location on the map marked three forks of the

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Speaker 1: Missouri River. They took a few days to rest in

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Speaker 1: late July before setting off toward the Continental Divide along

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Speaker 1: the deepest of the three streams. At one point, Sakajuwia

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Speaker 1: recognized a landmark from her childhood. This was good news

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Speaker 1: to Lewis. He was anxious to meet the Shoshone. If

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Speaker 1: they were to cross the mountains before winter, they needed horses,

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Speaker 1: but the first Shoshone man they met was spooked and

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Speaker 1: ran off, fearing that they were the Hidatsa or some

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Speaker 1: other tribe who might attack them. It was August twelfth

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Speaker 1: when Lewis stood at the Lem High Pass. Instead of plains,

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Speaker 1: mountains as far as the eye could see greeted him.

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Speaker 1: The view was a thing of beauty, but they needed

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Speaker 1: horses now more than ever. Luckily, the very next day,

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Speaker 1: the group came upon a few shoshonees. Louis did his

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Speaker 1: best to show them that he meant no harm. The

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Speaker 1: Shoshone agreed to bring the travelers to their village. They

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Speaker 1: were met with warriors, but again Lewis managed to calm

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Speaker 1: their fears. Suspicions arose the next day when Lewis pushed

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Speaker 1: them for horses. Fortunately, Sakajawea was the chief's sister and

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Speaker 1: managed to negotiate the sale of some of the tribe's horses.

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Speaker 1: Leuis listened to the Shoshone's advice about their route to

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Speaker 1: the Colorado River. These sheer cliffs and rapids would be

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Speaker 1: more than just treacherous. The Shoshone advised against the route,

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Speaker 1: although they did provide Lewis and Clark with a guide

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Speaker 1: to help them over the mountain range. Old Toby, as

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Speaker 1: the Shoshone called him, didn't lead the expedition party over

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Speaker 1: the easiest terrain, though. Instead he took them due north

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Speaker 1: over the rugged Bitter Root Range. From there, he led

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Speaker 1: them through a pass along the Continental Divide, where they

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Speaker 1: met the Salish, a tribe similar to the Shoshone. Lewis

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Speaker 1: and Clark attained more horses and supplies from them while

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Speaker 1: they rested for a few days. Lewis and Clark also

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Speaker 1: learned that the river leading to the ocean was a

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Speaker 1: five day journey through the Bitter Root Range. The corps

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Speaker 1: set out on September eleventh of eighteen oh five. Instead

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Speaker 1: of five days, the journey took them eleven. The descent

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Speaker 1: down the range was difficult on the best of days,

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Speaker 1: but winter had come early and the snow was deep.

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Speaker 1: One of the horses carrying supplies lost its footing and

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Speaker 1: fell to its death. In desperation, Clark set out with

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Speaker 1: six men ahead of the group. He hoped to find

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Speaker 1: a tribe of Native Americans who might help them, especially

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Speaker 1: with food, and thankfully, after just a couple of days,

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Speaker 1: the group came across the Nez Perce. The explorers were

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Speaker 1: the first white men the tribe had ever seen. Louis

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Speaker 1: and the rest of the corps arrived a few days later.

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Speaker 1: Due to the language barrier, the group took to sign

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Speaker 1: language for communication. They learned that travel by water was

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Speaker 1: once again possible, and the men got to work making canoes.

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Speaker 1: After leaving their horses with the Nez Perce. The Core

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Speaker 1: of Discovery set out on five canoes on October seventh.

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Speaker 1: By October sixteenth, they had reached the Columbia River. Lewis

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Speaker 1: and Clark finally arrived off the Oregon coast in November

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Speaker 1: of eighteen oh five. With winter closing in, the weary

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Speaker 1: but joyful explorers set up camp, choosing to stay until

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Speaker 1: March of eighteen oh six. As he marveled at the

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Speaker 1: beauty of the Pacific, Clark carved a few words on

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Speaker 1: the bark of a large pine. William Clark December three,

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Speaker 1: eighteen o five. The corp of Discovery made their way

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Speaker 1: back across the country in the late spring of eighteen

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Speaker 1: oh six. Every time hown they passed through on their

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Speaker 1: return journey celebrated their success, and Jefferson rewarded both of

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Speaker 1: the men Upon their return to Washington. In addition to

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Speaker 1: his salary, Lewis received sixteen hundred acres of land and

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Speaker 1: was given the office of governor over the Louisiana Territory. Sadly,

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Speaker 1: Lewis developed a drinking problem. On October eleventh of eighteen

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Speaker 1: oh nine, he died in Tennessee. Some say that he

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Speaker 1: took his own life, while others believe that he may

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Speaker 1: have actually been murdered. Clark fared much better. Jefferson appointed

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Speaker 1: him an agent for indigenous people's affairs. He also ascended

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Speaker 1: to the rank of brigadier general. In eighteen o eight.

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Speaker 1: He married Julia Hancock, and when Sakajuea passed away in

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Speaker 1: eighteen twelve, Clark and his wife raised her children. The

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Speaker 1: following year, he became the governor of the Missouri Territory.

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Speaker 1: He passed away in eighteen thirty eight. Without saka Juea's help,

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Speaker 1: perhaps the Lewis and Clark expedition would have been different,

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Speaker 1: although there are misconceptions regarding her part to play. She

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Speaker 1: led the men to her place of birth, where they

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00:20:02,400 --> 00:20:05,000
Speaker 1: met up with the Shoshone, but she was not the

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Speaker 1: guide for the entire expedition. Even so, her translation skills

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Speaker 1: and resourcefulness and knowledge of familiar land were crucial to

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Speaker 1: the expedition's success. Lewis and the other members of the

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Speaker 1: corps noted that her presence with the child helped tensions

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Speaker 1: when making contact with new tribes. Warriors knew that no

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Speaker 1: woman with a child would travel with a war party.

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Speaker 1: It's also noted that saka Juea helped the others become

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Speaker 1: more in tune with Native Americans and to see nature

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Speaker 1: a bit more from their perspective. Her part in bringing

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Speaker 1: together different cultures was immeasurable. On August fourteenth of eighteen

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Speaker 1: oh six, Sakajuea, her son, and her husband returned to

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Speaker 1: the Hidatsa Mandan settlement. Three years later, Clark offered them

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Speaker 1: land to farm in exchange for educating their son. Farming

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00:20:53,600 --> 00:20:57,200
Speaker 1: life didn't suit zaka Juea and Charboneau, and they returned

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Speaker 1: to fur trading. Saka Juea died in eighteen two twelve

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Speaker 1: at the age of twenty five, near what is now

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Speaker 1: present day Bismarck, North Dakota, and while some believe that

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00:21:06,520 --> 00:21:09,159
Speaker 1: she was buried on the Wind River Reservation where the

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00:21:09,200 --> 00:21:13,320
Speaker 1: Lemhi Shoshone tribe lived, others disagree. And as I said before,

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Speaker 1: Clark took in her two children, Lizette and Pierre Baptiste.

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Speaker 1: Although Jefferson instructed Lewis to take detailed notes on the

347
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Speaker 1: people they met, Lewis never gave the same attention to

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Speaker 1: Sakajawea or anyone else in the Core for that matter.

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Speaker 1: Although she is undeniably one of the key figures in

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Speaker 1: American history. There exists no painting, no descriptions, and no

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Speaker 1: drawings of the woman herself. Our history with the indigenous

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Speaker 1: peoples of North America is obviously complex and nuanced. It's

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Speaker 1: clear from the story of Lewis and Clark that their

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00:21:52,880 --> 00:21:56,760
Speaker 1: journey west would not have been possible without Native American assistance,

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Speaker 1: and to be clear, they seemed grateful for that in

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Speaker 1: the moment. Still, the results of that interaction are far

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00:22:02,920 --> 00:22:06,000
Speaker 1: from ideal. With that in mind, we've set aside one

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Speaker 1: more story of exploration, complex relationships, and the pain of history.

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Speaker 1: Stick around through this brief sponsor break to hear my

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Speaker 1: teammates Ali Steed tell you all about it.

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Speaker 2: Daniel Boone was born in seventeen thirty four in Pennsylvania,

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Speaker 2: where his parents worked as weavers and blacksmiths. As a

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Speaker 2: young boy, he helped his mother tend to the cattle

364
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Speaker 2: in the pastures, where it said his deep love for

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Speaker 2: the wilderness and the hunter's life began. Boone was an

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Speaker 2: excellent marksman and frequently neglected the cows, choosing to spend

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Speaker 2: his days in the woods. Numerous Indigenous settlements existed within

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Speaker 2: some twenty or thirty miles of his home, giving young

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Speaker 2: Boone the opportunity to learn from several different tribes, and

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Speaker 2: his time with them strongly influenced the remainder of his life.

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Speaker 2: Deep in the forest, he also met other hunters of

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Speaker 2: European descent. White and indigenous hunters hot Boone the ways

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Speaker 2: of the forest, and most considered him a friend. In

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Speaker 2: the spring of seventeen fifty, the Boone family moved near

375
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Speaker 2: the Yadkin River in North Carolina. After serving in the

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Speaker 2: militia during the French and Indian War, Boone returned home

377
00:23:12,720 --> 00:23:15,359
Speaker 2: in the summer of seventeen fifty five. A year later,

378
00:23:15,400 --> 00:23:18,600
Speaker 2: he married Rebecca Bryan, and they settled in the Yadkin Valley.

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Speaker 2: Over the years, the family grew with several hungry mouths

380
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Speaker 2: to feed. Boone disappeared for months at a time during

381
00:23:24,920 --> 00:23:27,520
Speaker 2: the fall and winter to hunt for food, returning in

382
00:23:27,560 --> 00:23:31,080
Speaker 2: the spring to sell his pelts to traders. While Boone hunted,

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Speaker 2: his wife was left to maintain and defend the homestead

384
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Speaker 2: and raise their children all alone. In seventeen fifty nine,

385
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Speaker 2: a group of Cherokee raided the Yadkin Valley, forcing the

386
00:23:41,160 --> 00:23:44,440
Speaker 2: Boone family and many others to flee to Culpepper County, Virginia.

387
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Speaker 2: Boone remained friends with many of his fellow militiamen, including

388
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Speaker 2: John Findley, a trader that told him stories about the

389
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Speaker 2: lands beyond the Appalachians. In the fall and winter of

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Speaker 2: seventeen sixty seven and sixty eight, Boone traveled across the mountains,

391
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Speaker 2: though he never saw the areas. Findley described. Boone's relationship

392
00:24:03,040 --> 00:24:05,520
Speaker 2: with many of the Cherokee people remained good, and he

393
00:24:05,560 --> 00:24:09,040
Speaker 2: occasionally hunted with them while on his travels. He and

394
00:24:09,080 --> 00:24:11,240
Speaker 2: a few other hunters set out for a second trip

395
00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:14,919
Speaker 2: to Kentucky in May of seventeen sixty nine. They followed

396
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Speaker 2: the Great Warrior's Path and crossed Appalachian ridges and valleys.

397
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Speaker 2: Others like Thomas Walker of the Loyal Land Company, had

398
00:24:22,119 --> 00:24:25,400
Speaker 2: also made the same journey. Eventually, the hunters came upon

399
00:24:25,400 --> 00:24:28,720
Speaker 2: the most famous gap in North America, the Cumberland Gap.

400
00:24:29,240 --> 00:24:31,520
Speaker 2: Boone's love of the area prompted him to stay, and

401
00:24:31,560 --> 00:24:34,080
Speaker 2: he didn't return home to his family until May of

402
00:24:34,160 --> 00:24:37,720
Speaker 2: seventeen seventy one. Determined to settle in the area beyond

403
00:24:37,760 --> 00:24:41,240
Speaker 2: the Cumberland Gap, Boone convinced five other families to move

404
00:24:41,280 --> 00:24:44,240
Speaker 2: with him, and in seventeen seventy three he led those

405
00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:48,280
Speaker 2: families along the trails he had previously traveled. Unfortunately, Native

406
00:24:48,320 --> 00:24:51,320
Speaker 2: Americans were upset by the influx of settlers taking over

407
00:24:51,359 --> 00:24:54,600
Speaker 2: their lands and attacked the party, killing one of Boone's sons.

408
00:24:55,280 --> 00:24:59,040
Speaker 2: Despite this tragedy, Boone continued his work in Kentucky. His

409
00:24:59,160 --> 00:25:02,800
Speaker 2: explorations had gained him widespread fame and admiration, and in

410
00:25:02,840 --> 00:25:06,240
Speaker 2: seventeen seventy four, Judge Richard Henderson hired him to explore

411
00:25:06,280 --> 00:25:09,040
Speaker 2: Kentucky and mark at a trail that became known as

412
00:25:09,119 --> 00:25:13,280
Speaker 2: Wilderness Road. In seventeen seventy five, Boone founded a town

413
00:25:13,359 --> 00:25:17,560
Speaker 2: along the banks of the Kentucky River, which he called Boonsborough. However,

414
00:25:17,640 --> 00:25:20,959
Speaker 2: local Shawnee and Cherokee tribes met this settlement with resistance.

415
00:25:21,640 --> 00:25:25,120
Speaker 2: The tribes temporarily kidnapped his daughter in July of seventeen

416
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Speaker 2: seventy six, and the following year Boone was shot during

417
00:25:28,440 --> 00:25:32,280
Speaker 2: an attack, but he recovered. The Shawnee captured Boone in

418
00:25:32,280 --> 00:25:35,639
Speaker 2: seventeen seventy eight, though he managed to escape while on

419
00:25:35,720 --> 00:25:38,640
Speaker 2: his way to buy land permits. Boone was ambushed and robbed.

420
00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:41,520
Speaker 2: The settlers demanded that he repay their money, and some

421
00:25:41,600 --> 00:25:45,080
Speaker 2: even sued. By seventeen eighty eight, Boone left Kentucky and

422
00:25:45,119 --> 00:25:48,359
Speaker 2: relocated to Point Pleasant, West Virginia. There he served as

423
00:25:48,440 --> 00:25:52,080
Speaker 2: lieutenant colonel and legislative delegate of his county before moving

424
00:25:52,080 --> 00:25:56,240
Speaker 2: to Missouri. During the Revolutionary War, Boone lost another son,

425
00:25:56,720 --> 00:25:59,480
Speaker 2: and in seventeen eighty three, as the war ended, Boone

426
00:25:59,520 --> 00:26:01,920
Speaker 2: and his family moved to a settlement along the Ohio

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Speaker 2: River in Limestone, Kentucky. Boone had become a legend before

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Speaker 2: his death, in part thanks to author John Filson. In

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Speaker 2: seventeen eighty three, Philson toured Kentucky, interviewing prominent men. Philson

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Speaker 2: met with Boone, who happily shared his stories. The more

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Speaker 2: Philson learned, the more he sensed an epic tale, certainly

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Speaker 2: far grander than the guide books he had set out

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Speaker 2: to write. With guidance from Boone and others, Philson completed

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Speaker 2: his book. In the first half, Philson described Kentucky's geography,

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Speaker 2: its rivers and soil and climate, and provided a detailed map.

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Speaker 2: But in the second half, Philson transformed Boone's stories, enthralling

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Speaker 2: readers for Generations to come.

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Speaker 1: Grimm and Maud Presents The wild West was executive produced

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Speaker 1: by me Aaron Mankey and hosted by Aaron Manke and

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Speaker 1: Alexandra Steed. Writing for this season was provided by Michelle Mudo,

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Speaker 1: with research by Alexandra Steed, Sam Alberty, Cassandra de Alba,

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Speaker 1: and Harry Marx. Fact checking was performed by Gamie Vargas,

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Speaker 1: with sensitivity reading by Stacy Parshall Jensen. Production assistance was

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Speaker 1: provided by Josh Stain, Jesse Funk, Alex Williams, and Matt Frederick.

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Speaker 1: To learn more about this and other shows from Grim

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Speaker 1: and Mild and iHeartRadio, visit Grimandmild dot com