1 00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:27,520 Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of iHeartRadio. Welcome back to 2 00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:30,640 Speaker 1: the show Ridiculous Historians. Thank you, as always so much 3 00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:33,360 Speaker 1: for tuning in. Let's hear it for our super producer, 4 00:00:33,440 --> 00:00:37,839 Speaker 1: mister Max Williams. Rah, did I do it this time? Right? 5 00:00:37,880 --> 00:00:47,199 Speaker 1: Benh you're nailing an Oh? Rah ras al Uh? What 6 00:00:47,320 --> 00:00:54,840 Speaker 1: was the thingan? Yes? Yes? Check check out stuffer sorry, 7 00:00:56,320 --> 00:00:59,040 Speaker 1: check out hook and stuff. They will want, you know, 8 00:00:59,120 --> 00:01:02,920 Speaker 1: for more on the infamous Rufio. We're gonna give Max 9 00:01:03,040 --> 00:01:06,160 Speaker 1: an honorific for today's episode. You're an old brown I've 10 00:01:06,160 --> 00:01:09,039 Speaker 1: been bullying' Yes, what if we call what if we 11 00:01:09,080 --> 00:01:10,679 Speaker 1: call Max the ready? 12 00:01:10,840 --> 00:01:15,240 Speaker 2: Williams, Oh, he's always ready, He's he is uh Johnny 13 00:01:15,240 --> 00:01:17,399 Speaker 2: on the spot as they say yes. 14 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:20,679 Speaker 1: For some reason, I instantly wanted to reply Spotty on 15 00:01:20,720 --> 00:01:21,479 Speaker 1: the jog, But that. 16 00:01:21,480 --> 00:01:23,640 Speaker 2: Feels like why wouldn't you. That's what the mind does. 17 00:01:23,680 --> 00:01:26,320 Speaker 2: It seeks patterns and then jumbles them up. 18 00:01:26,400 --> 00:01:26,959 Speaker 1: Here we go. 19 00:01:27,280 --> 00:01:28,960 Speaker 3: I don't want to say what that made me think 20 00:01:29,000 --> 00:01:33,200 Speaker 3: of everybody, which is one of the nicknames we gave 21 00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:35,720 Speaker 3: my friend Greg once when he tried to give himself 22 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:36,240 Speaker 3: a nickname. 23 00:01:36,560 --> 00:01:39,679 Speaker 2: Oh yeah, I remember, legendary Gregg guys, have you ever 24 00:01:39,720 --> 00:01:43,119 Speaker 2: heard of a porta potty brand called honey bucket? 25 00:01:43,440 --> 00:01:47,760 Speaker 1: I have not, and it is that name despicable. Can 26 00:01:47,840 --> 00:01:51,880 Speaker 1: I just say I think it's just awful. Honey bucket 27 00:01:52,200 --> 00:01:55,520 Speaker 1: sounds like a bad name for anything, including a literal 28 00:01:55,560 --> 00:01:56,520 Speaker 1: bucket of honey. 29 00:01:56,680 --> 00:01:59,840 Speaker 2: Absolutely, don't want it, don't need it, don't want it around. 30 00:02:00,520 --> 00:02:02,320 Speaker 3: I'm not gonna say I'll say this off air, y'all, 31 00:02:02,360 --> 00:02:05,000 Speaker 3: but I do not have to censor out, so I'm 32 00:02:05,000 --> 00:02:05,680 Speaker 3: not gonna say it. 33 00:02:05,760 --> 00:02:09,520 Speaker 1: Yeah, I'm just now I'm picturing honeybucket as one of 34 00:02:09,560 --> 00:02:15,519 Speaker 1: those one of those weirdly idiosyncratic Southern nicknames that someone 35 00:02:15,560 --> 00:02:18,640 Speaker 1: will just drop in conversation, maybe at a diner, and 36 00:02:18,760 --> 00:02:21,320 Speaker 1: you don't know how to react, like, Okay, what can 37 00:02:21,360 --> 00:02:27,760 Speaker 1: I get you? Honeybucket? Yeah, somebody sugar and a word. 38 00:02:29,600 --> 00:02:32,600 Speaker 1: And with this, as you can tell, folks, we are 39 00:02:32,639 --> 00:02:37,320 Speaker 1: super into nicknames and wordplay. This is part of our 40 00:02:37,480 --> 00:02:48,840 Speaker 1: continuing series on something called honorifics Noel. As you and 41 00:02:48,880 --> 00:02:54,560 Speaker 1: I discovered previously, honorific is just the fancy version of 42 00:02:54,680 --> 00:02:58,800 Speaker 1: a nickname often assigned to historical figures, to royals, and 43 00:02:58,960 --> 00:03:02,799 Speaker 1: sometimes without their consent. Coside or agreement. 44 00:03:03,160 --> 00:03:07,280 Speaker 2: Typically, that's the way proper honorifics work. To Max's point 45 00:03:07,360 --> 00:03:10,760 Speaker 2: about his friend Greg giving himself a nickname and that 46 00:03:10,880 --> 00:03:13,320 Speaker 2: backfiring dreadfully. 47 00:03:13,320 --> 00:03:17,320 Speaker 1: Like that old I love that legendary Saturday Night Live 48 00:03:17,400 --> 00:03:24,959 Speaker 1: sketch about Sting giving himself the nickname Sting and everyone's going, okay, Gordon, Gordon. 49 00:03:25,200 --> 00:03:30,440 Speaker 2: This is also reflected in Dana Carvey's Seminal nineteen ninety 50 00:03:30,560 --> 00:03:32,720 Speaker 2: stand up special, where he does that whole bit and 51 00:03:32,760 --> 00:03:35,480 Speaker 2: I didn't actually realize that it was originally part of 52 00:03:35,480 --> 00:03:36,880 Speaker 2: a sketch, and that a lot of the bits he 53 00:03:36,920 --> 00:03:39,040 Speaker 2: does in that that the first time I was hearing them, 54 00:03:39,160 --> 00:03:40,440 Speaker 2: like Choppin' Brocoli. 55 00:03:40,240 --> 00:03:42,640 Speaker 1: And all that that was from his days on S 56 00:03:42,760 --> 00:03:48,400 Speaker 1: and M. And speaking of spectacular comedy of yesteryear, let's 57 00:03:48,400 --> 00:03:51,960 Speaker 1: get into some more terrible hoterrifics. Maybe we start with 58 00:03:53,200 --> 00:03:56,120 Speaker 1: Charles two, Charles the Second. 59 00:03:55,960 --> 00:04:00,840 Speaker 2: That's right, the King ruler of France and the Holy 60 00:04:01,120 --> 00:04:05,240 Speaker 2: Roman Emperor. When talking about kings and emperors, Charles the 61 00:04:05,280 --> 00:04:09,280 Speaker 2: Second was actually both of them. Britannica puts it thusly. 62 00:04:09,560 --> 00:04:12,680 Speaker 2: Charles the Second born June thirteenth, eight twenty three died 63 00:04:12,720 --> 00:04:17,640 Speaker 2: October sixth eight to seventy seven Bridess Lebon, France. Doing 64 00:04:17,640 --> 00:04:20,479 Speaker 2: my best there, hopefully casey pegrim is prout. He was 65 00:04:20,520 --> 00:04:27,240 Speaker 2: the King of France known as Francia Occidentales the West 66 00:04:27,400 --> 00:04:31,200 Speaker 2: Frankish Kingdom. He served from eighteen forty three to eighteen 67 00:04:31,279 --> 00:04:36,000 Speaker 2: seventy seven, and was also the Western Emperor from eight 68 00:04:36,080 --> 00:04:38,920 Speaker 2: seventy five to eight seventy seven. And you know, if 69 00:04:38,920 --> 00:04:43,200 Speaker 2: that wasn't complex enough, history has reckoned him as Charles 70 00:04:43,200 --> 00:04:46,479 Speaker 2: the Second, both of the Holy Roman Empire and also 71 00:04:47,080 --> 00:04:47,640 Speaker 2: of France. 72 00:04:47,680 --> 00:04:52,520 Speaker 1: All right, so be informed, folks. It may sound to 73 00:04:52,600 --> 00:04:56,440 Speaker 1: a casual reader that there are two different Charles the Second. 74 00:04:56,680 --> 00:04:59,880 Speaker 1: In this case it's the same guy. He's just pulling 75 00:05:00,080 --> 00:05:03,719 Speaker 1: double duty in the great gig economy of monarchy. He 76 00:05:03,880 --> 00:05:09,000 Speaker 1: is the son of Emperor Louis first, the Pious, who 77 00:05:09,040 --> 00:05:11,560 Speaker 1: is also and he's the grandson. Do you think he 78 00:05:11,720 --> 00:05:14,440 Speaker 1: was Do you think he was that pious? He probably 79 00:05:14,440 --> 00:05:16,719 Speaker 1: had a good thing going with the church, fair enough, 80 00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:17,360 Speaker 1: they liked him. 81 00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:20,440 Speaker 2: That's a good example of an honorific bestowed on someone 82 00:05:20,480 --> 00:05:23,200 Speaker 2: who has a lot of political cachet, right, you know. 83 00:05:23,360 --> 00:05:27,720 Speaker 1: Yeah, And Charles the Second is also the grandson of Charlemagne, 84 00:05:27,760 --> 00:05:32,160 Speaker 1: who is just a fascinating character. Charles the Great another 85 00:05:32,640 --> 00:05:37,400 Speaker 1: very flattering, honorific. Yes, like our coworker, Charlemagne the God. 86 00:05:37,880 --> 00:05:41,320 Speaker 1: He is technically our coworker, that is true. Ben He 87 00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:45,640 Speaker 1: and his second wife, Judith, that's Louis's second wife, not Charlemage. 88 00:05:45,680 --> 00:05:50,039 Speaker 1: The gods got it, yes, exactly. So Charles was the 89 00:05:50,279 --> 00:05:55,520 Speaker 1: unwitting cause of violence. In eight twenty nine, he was 90 00:05:55,560 --> 00:05:59,480 Speaker 1: granted lands by his father and this essentially led to 91 00:05:59,760 --> 00:06:05,479 Speaker 1: a the Cavalca, the Domino effect series of internal civil wars. 92 00:06:05,520 --> 00:06:09,080 Speaker 1: And by internal I mean within the family. Yeah, very 93 00:06:09,160 --> 00:06:13,479 Speaker 1: secession style, right, that's right. So so Charlie gets a 94 00:06:13,560 --> 00:06:16,160 Speaker 1: bunch of land, how does that lead to civil war? 95 00:06:16,520 --> 00:06:18,719 Speaker 1: We have to remember what we what we just mentioned 96 00:06:18,720 --> 00:06:23,839 Speaker 1: there there was a first wife, you know, and Louie 97 00:06:24,160 --> 00:06:31,119 Speaker 1: had three sons with this previous spouse. And these three guys, understandably, 98 00:06:31,520 --> 00:06:34,919 Speaker 1: they don't like that their younger half brother is getting 99 00:06:34,960 --> 00:06:39,039 Speaker 1: all this real estate. Those three guys are low there. 100 00:06:39,240 --> 00:06:44,200 Speaker 1: The first Louis two electric Boogaloo and Pippin one. Pippin 101 00:06:44,839 --> 00:06:46,640 Speaker 1: what is it? What's that song from Pippin? 102 00:06:47,160 --> 00:06:47,280 Speaker 3: Uh? 103 00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:48,159 Speaker 1: Do you know Pippin? 104 00:06:48,240 --> 00:06:50,480 Speaker 2: The musical was written by the same guy that real Wicked, 105 00:06:50,600 --> 00:06:52,400 Speaker 2: and when you listen to the music, you can really tell. 106 00:06:52,480 --> 00:06:54,279 Speaker 2: I don't know if you guys are musical theater people, 107 00:06:54,320 --> 00:06:57,200 Speaker 2: but I think he's got a song. It's called My 108 00:06:57,400 --> 00:07:00,160 Speaker 2: Place in the Sky or something. It's very jubilant and 109 00:07:00,360 --> 00:07:03,400 Speaker 2: very Wicked esque. But Pippen, yes, the first. Don't think 110 00:07:03,400 --> 00:07:05,200 Speaker 2: it has anything to do nothing. It has to do 111 00:07:05,240 --> 00:07:09,080 Speaker 2: with Pippin one. I I like saying Pippin one as well. 112 00:07:09,120 --> 00:07:12,880 Speaker 2: It really rolls off the tongue or pops off the lips, so, 113 00:07:13,960 --> 00:07:17,440 Speaker 2: you know, playing favorites, I suppose is maybe the issue 114 00:07:17,480 --> 00:07:22,120 Speaker 2: at hand here. Dad gifts Charlie boy a bunch of 115 00:07:22,200 --> 00:07:26,960 Speaker 2: tracts of very valuable land and it causes some resentment, 116 00:07:27,080 --> 00:07:31,520 Speaker 2: sure from the aforementioned Lothair one, Louis two, and Pippin one. 117 00:07:32,040 --> 00:07:36,080 Speaker 1: Yes, and our research associate for today's episode, Max Williams, 118 00:07:36,360 --> 00:07:43,160 Speaker 1: speculates that perhaps the brothers three were resentful because Charles 119 00:07:43,160 --> 00:07:45,920 Speaker 1: had a better name than them, and loth are Louis 120 00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:50,440 Speaker 1: Pippen those are yeah, they're esoteric, right, So this civil 121 00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:54,160 Speaker 1: war over this real estate and other resentments goes from 122 00:07:54,240 --> 00:07:57,520 Speaker 1: eight twenty nine all the way up to eight thirty eight, 123 00:07:58,160 --> 00:08:03,960 Speaker 1: and this is when one dies, unfortunately for Pip and one. 124 00:08:04,720 --> 00:08:09,120 Speaker 1: After the death of the Patter familias Louis the First 125 00:08:09,160 --> 00:08:13,480 Speaker 1: in eighteen forty, the civil war kicks back into gear 126 00:08:13,800 --> 00:08:17,720 Speaker 1: and it continues until Louis the Second, whose street name 127 00:08:17,800 --> 00:08:22,040 Speaker 1: is Louis the German, joins forces with Charles and they 128 00:08:22,160 --> 00:08:26,600 Speaker 1: banned up against Lothar, and they do this through something 129 00:08:26,640 --> 00:08:30,000 Speaker 1: called the Treaty of Verdoon in eight forty three. And 130 00:08:30,240 --> 00:08:35,000 Speaker 1: the Treaty of verdon is kind of bringing order to 131 00:08:35,080 --> 00:08:38,280 Speaker 1: the chaos, getting everybody on the same page. You know, look, 132 00:08:38,400 --> 00:08:42,000 Speaker 1: we're all still one percenters. Can't we all just get along? 133 00:08:42,320 --> 00:08:45,560 Speaker 1: So they allocate out all the lands they control to 134 00:08:45,640 --> 00:08:51,880 Speaker 1: these three living brothers in pursuit of peace. However, as 135 00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:56,319 Speaker 1: any ruler can assure you, peace does not always automatically 136 00:08:56,400 --> 00:09:02,079 Speaker 1: mean things are simple, So being contrary right right peace 137 00:09:02,120 --> 00:09:08,839 Speaker 1: can be complicated. So for Charles ruling post verdon Is 138 00:09:08,840 --> 00:09:10,600 Speaker 1: is kind of tricky for sure. 139 00:09:10,840 --> 00:09:13,000 Speaker 2: And really quickly off air, we had a funny little 140 00:09:13,040 --> 00:09:17,359 Speaker 2: stumble wherein I accidentally played through my speakers a vintage 141 00:09:17,400 --> 00:09:21,520 Speaker 2: SNL clip called Lothar of the Hill People When I 142 00:09:21,559 --> 00:09:24,280 Speaker 2: hear the name Lothar in this in this story, I 143 00:09:24,320 --> 00:09:26,160 Speaker 2: think of like it should be followed up with like 144 00:09:26,559 --> 00:09:30,400 Speaker 2: the Terrible or the Barbarian or something. And then it 145 00:09:30,440 --> 00:09:33,520 Speaker 2: turns out Mike Myers played Lothar of the hill people 146 00:09:33,760 --> 00:09:36,360 Speaker 2: on an old s n ol spelt differently, but it 147 00:09:36,440 --> 00:09:39,240 Speaker 2: is Lothar, not low Fair. But it's still the mind 148 00:09:39,320 --> 00:09:40,920 Speaker 2: once with the mind wants. 149 00:09:41,080 --> 00:09:44,920 Speaker 1: Mike Myers, famously known for basing all of his sketches 150 00:09:45,320 --> 00:09:48,920 Speaker 1: on this Civil War Indian Ye, yeah, don't fatch I 151 00:09:49,040 --> 00:09:51,400 Speaker 1: is there? No? No, no, I mean think about think 152 00:09:51,400 --> 00:09:53,560 Speaker 1: about Wayne's world, really think about it. 153 00:09:53,800 --> 00:09:57,000 Speaker 2: Well, well, now we've got Mike Myers and Jana Carvey 154 00:09:57,200 --> 00:09:59,240 Speaker 2: entering the chat properly. So I think that was an 155 00:09:59,240 --> 00:10:02,000 Speaker 2: important assign. So when Lothar's albus son, who is the 156 00:10:02,040 --> 00:10:05,120 Speaker 2: Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis the second he 157 00:10:05,120 --> 00:10:07,720 Speaker 2: passed away in eight to seventy five, Charles took a 158 00:10:07,720 --> 00:10:10,600 Speaker 2: little sojourn over to Italy and where he was crowned 159 00:10:10,640 --> 00:10:14,560 Speaker 2: emperor on December twenty fifth by the Pope John the eighth. 160 00:10:15,040 --> 00:10:17,960 Speaker 2: So this is how he managed to become both the 161 00:10:18,080 --> 00:10:22,160 Speaker 2: King of France and the Holy Roman emperor, So you know, 162 00:10:22,640 --> 00:10:25,199 Speaker 2: no slouch kind of doing double duty there, at least 163 00:10:25,559 --> 00:10:26,160 Speaker 2: title wise. 164 00:10:26,520 --> 00:10:30,240 Speaker 1: Yes, and Max has a great Skyrim reference here. I 165 00:10:30,280 --> 00:10:35,199 Speaker 1: don't want us to lose, honey. Yeah, Charles was right, 166 00:10:35,320 --> 00:10:38,040 Speaker 1: like you were saying. Old Charles is in a precarious 167 00:10:38,080 --> 00:10:43,560 Speaker 1: position because he asked to question the loyalty of his vassals, 168 00:10:43,679 --> 00:10:46,040 Speaker 1: the minor nobles. They're supposed to be on his team. 169 00:10:46,800 --> 00:10:52,160 Speaker 1: His real estate is getting raided by these groups of Northerners, 170 00:10:52,320 --> 00:10:57,000 Speaker 1: and he essentially is reduced to bribing them off, not 171 00:10:57,080 --> 00:11:00,520 Speaker 1: conquering them, but paying them to go away. He gets 172 00:11:00,559 --> 00:11:05,160 Speaker 1: defeated by the Bretons quote presumably using their partially Elvin 173 00:11:05,240 --> 00:11:08,640 Speaker 1: blood for superior magic abilities. Max, I knew it was 174 00:11:08,640 --> 00:11:10,640 Speaker 1: important to you that we put that in there. 175 00:11:10,840 --> 00:11:13,600 Speaker 3: Thank you, thank you. Yeah, the durani Elves and the 176 00:11:13,720 --> 00:11:19,520 Speaker 3: needs created the Bretons m Olivia. Olivia wasn't not when 177 00:11:19,520 --> 00:11:20,600 Speaker 3: this game got ridden. 178 00:11:20,720 --> 00:11:45,200 Speaker 1: Okay wait wait wait wait Max with facts Yeah, oh 179 00:11:45,240 --> 00:11:48,920 Speaker 1: of course, in fact fact to Jason, so as you yes, 180 00:11:49,320 --> 00:11:53,559 Speaker 1: facted Jason fictional facts. So uh so, like you were saying, 181 00:11:54,320 --> 00:11:59,240 Speaker 1: there is this fascinating situation where Charles becomes both the 182 00:11:59,320 --> 00:12:02,719 Speaker 1: Holy Broken Emperor co signed by Pope John and the 183 00:12:02,800 --> 00:12:07,160 Speaker 1: King of France at the same time. In eighteen seventy six, 184 00:12:07,760 --> 00:12:11,040 Speaker 1: after the death of Louis the Second, Louis the German, 185 00:12:11,559 --> 00:12:15,480 Speaker 1: Charles invades his half brother's land and then he gets 186 00:12:15,520 --> 00:12:19,680 Speaker 1: defeated by Louis the German's son, who is Louis three 187 00:12:20,040 --> 00:12:23,880 Speaker 1: and his moniker, his autorific Louis three the Younger, which 188 00:12:23,920 --> 00:12:26,920 Speaker 1: reminds me, you know, this is very creative. Can I 189 00:12:26,960 --> 00:12:31,880 Speaker 1: say this for all our aspiring MC's in the crowd 190 00:12:31,920 --> 00:12:34,800 Speaker 1: this evening. I'm hoping there are a lot of us. 191 00:12:35,600 --> 00:12:38,079 Speaker 1: Please please please get in front of it with your 192 00:12:38,200 --> 00:12:43,120 Speaker 1: street name. Be very careful about calling yourself young something 193 00:12:43,480 --> 00:12:47,400 Speaker 1: or liull something, because if your career is successful, do 194 00:12:47,480 --> 00:12:49,960 Speaker 1: you really want to be in your mid fifties and 195 00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:52,800 Speaker 1: still going by like young mikey aod. 196 00:12:52,960 --> 00:12:55,960 Speaker 2: It's a good point, I will say this. Sometimes these 197 00:12:56,040 --> 00:13:00,400 Speaker 2: nicknames can evolve, or by the very nature of one's 198 00:13:00,400 --> 00:13:03,040 Speaker 2: own success, you can kind of toss him off. Stevie 199 00:13:03,080 --> 00:13:05,760 Speaker 2: Wonder for a long time early in his career, was 200 00:13:05,760 --> 00:13:08,960 Speaker 2: known as Little Stevie Wonder because he was a child prodigy. 201 00:13:09,040 --> 00:13:11,760 Speaker 2: But then he did not continue going by little Stevie. 202 00:13:11,760 --> 00:13:14,760 Speaker 2: Wonder when he reached adolescents and adulthood. 203 00:13:15,000 --> 00:13:18,240 Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, So word to the wise folks, we're let 204 00:13:18,360 --> 00:13:21,520 Speaker 1: us help you set yourself up for success. Help us 205 00:13:21,559 --> 00:13:25,720 Speaker 1: help you. So there's Now, we've told you a lot 206 00:13:25,760 --> 00:13:28,839 Speaker 1: of autorifics here, and we've talked a lot about our 207 00:13:28,880 --> 00:13:34,160 Speaker 1: buddy Charles, but we haven't given anyone his honorific yet. 208 00:13:34,960 --> 00:13:37,040 Speaker 1: We're gonna give you the headline and then we're going 209 00:13:37,080 --> 00:13:40,240 Speaker 1: to tell you why he got that nickname. Play along 210 00:13:40,240 --> 00:13:43,760 Speaker 1: at home. Can you guess why his honorific is Charles 211 00:13:43,840 --> 00:13:50,000 Speaker 1: the Bald? He was frollically challenged. Yes, yes, he was 212 00:13:50,679 --> 00:13:54,240 Speaker 1: part of the much maligned and underappreciated class of bald people. 213 00:13:54,280 --> 00:13:55,840 Speaker 1: He was cranium enhanced. 214 00:13:56,400 --> 00:13:59,120 Speaker 2: Hey see, that's how Larry David would be proud er 215 00:13:59,280 --> 00:14:01,679 Speaker 2: well put. 216 00:14:02,320 --> 00:14:06,960 Speaker 1: To understand the full context here, let's go to Aaron 217 00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:11,520 Speaker 1: Kelly writing for all that's interesting. Aaron puts it thustly. 218 00:14:11,880 --> 00:14:15,360 Speaker 2: Charles was the King of West Francia, the King of Italy, 219 00:14:15,520 --> 00:14:18,560 Speaker 2: and Holy Roman Emperor from eight seventy five to seventy seven. 220 00:14:18,600 --> 00:14:21,680 Speaker 2: As you mentioned as Charles the Second, a grandson of 221 00:14:21,760 --> 00:14:24,120 Speaker 2: Charlotte Magne, he actually wasn't bald. 222 00:14:24,240 --> 00:14:25,240 Speaker 1: Dang it. 223 00:14:25,240 --> 00:14:28,560 Speaker 2: It's an ironic epathetic because he was actually quite harry. Oh, 224 00:14:28,960 --> 00:14:33,840 Speaker 2: it's like little John in the Robin Hood canon. Okay, well, 225 00:14:33,920 --> 00:14:35,880 Speaker 2: you know we made an honest mistake, y'all. 226 00:14:36,480 --> 00:14:40,040 Speaker 1: Well we got tricked, as did the rest of history. 227 00:14:40,080 --> 00:14:43,760 Speaker 1: It's a very Iceland to Greenland thing. Still, though, even 228 00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:48,160 Speaker 1: with very important historical figures, just the sheer amount of 229 00:14:48,200 --> 00:14:52,640 Speaker 1: time between eight hundred something in twenty twenty five means 230 00:14:52,720 --> 00:14:55,440 Speaker 1: that a lot of the true story has been lost 231 00:14:55,480 --> 00:14:59,320 Speaker 1: to history, and it can be difficult to suss out 232 00:14:59,480 --> 00:15:04,520 Speaker 1: what is, you know, their equivalent of Internet trolling versus 233 00:15:04,680 --> 00:15:08,120 Speaker 1: what is factual improven kind of like the debate over 234 00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:13,080 Speaker 1: Napoleon's height, which turned out to be propaganda, there's no 235 00:15:13,240 --> 00:15:16,520 Speaker 1: isn't there something about his penis as well? Napoleon's piedus? 236 00:15:16,560 --> 00:15:20,080 Speaker 1: I thought there was. I haven't really thought about Napoleon's penis. Yep, 237 00:15:20,080 --> 00:15:21,440 Speaker 1: that's right, there was a Sorry. 238 00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:24,040 Speaker 2: The headline from two thousand and eight at NPRPS the 239 00:15:24,080 --> 00:15:28,440 Speaker 2: Twisted Journey of Napoleon's Privates. Looking to that yourself, I'm 240 00:15:28,480 --> 00:15:31,720 Speaker 2: almost positive we've talked about this in some form or fashion. 241 00:15:32,640 --> 00:15:36,880 Speaker 2: But there is a story behind the provenance and ownership 242 00:15:37,080 --> 00:15:38,200 Speaker 2: of Napoleon's junk. 243 00:15:38,400 --> 00:15:42,520 Speaker 1: People love relics, people love relics, and the weirder, the better, 244 00:15:42,720 --> 00:15:47,640 Speaker 1: says history. So if you want to learn more about Charles, 245 00:15:47,920 --> 00:15:51,320 Speaker 1: do check out Charles the Bald, The Story of the Epithet. 246 00:15:51,960 --> 00:15:57,480 Speaker 1: It's a thesis written by Margaret Audrey Anderson over at Caltech. 247 00:15:58,400 --> 00:16:01,200 Speaker 1: That's a pretty good one. That's a pretty tame one. 248 00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:14,000 Speaker 1: Let's go to another honorific. It's weird to call these honorifics, 249 00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:18,560 Speaker 1: but let's go to another honorific with Louis the eighteenth 250 00:16:18,600 --> 00:16:21,640 Speaker 1: And a big, big thanks to our pal Max for 251 00:16:21,720 --> 00:16:27,000 Speaker 1: replacing the Roman numerals with modern numbers and. 252 00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:29,400 Speaker 2: Really quickly, just to sum up a quick off MI 253 00:16:29,840 --> 00:16:31,600 Speaker 2: a side that I had. I was just curious, like 254 00:16:31,720 --> 00:16:35,080 Speaker 2: is honorific like a portmanteau of like honor and terrific 255 00:16:35,240 --> 00:16:35,720 Speaker 2: or something. 256 00:16:35,960 --> 00:16:36,000 Speaker 1: No. 257 00:16:36,200 --> 00:16:39,880 Speaker 2: In fact, it actually has a Latin origin, meaning that 258 00:16:40,160 --> 00:16:43,720 Speaker 2: which does honor. It comes from honorific cuss. So in 259 00:16:43,760 --> 00:16:46,120 Speaker 2: case anyone was wondering, thought we'd go ahead and get 260 00:16:46,160 --> 00:16:47,880 Speaker 2: that out of the way. But yes, let us do 261 00:16:48,200 --> 00:16:51,640 Speaker 2: roll through with Louis the eighteenth, the King of France, 262 00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:52,680 Speaker 2: and Navarre. 263 00:16:53,600 --> 00:16:57,760 Speaker 1: Yeah, so we're still in France. We're almost a thousand 264 00:16:57,880 --> 00:17:04,000 Speaker 1: years in the future flying cars, yet they have some 265 00:17:04,080 --> 00:17:10,000 Speaker 1: revolutionary ideas. Cookie okay for sure for a nice little 266 00:17:10,160 --> 00:17:16,880 Speaker 1: thematic bookend. Yes, this guy's name is also Louis. There 267 00:17:16,960 --> 00:17:21,520 Speaker 1: are eighteen kings in French history who have the name Louis. 268 00:17:21,600 --> 00:17:24,160 Speaker 1: They were just super into it. A lot of them 269 00:17:24,359 --> 00:17:28,399 Speaker 1: had very famous names. We probably all have heard of 270 00:17:28,480 --> 00:17:31,680 Speaker 1: Louis the fourteenth ak the Son King. We mentioned him 271 00:17:31,680 --> 00:17:37,440 Speaker 1: in our conversation about ridiculous clothing with aj Bahamas Jacobs. 272 00:17:37,880 --> 00:17:41,400 Speaker 1: A lot of other people named Louis who had their 273 00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:46,080 Speaker 1: own honorifics to differentiate them. And if we're positing why 274 00:17:46,119 --> 00:17:49,840 Speaker 1: these guys keep having the same name, it's likely a 275 00:17:49,960 --> 00:17:55,800 Speaker 1: move to generate credibility to the throne, right like I'm 276 00:17:56,200 --> 00:17:59,800 Speaker 1: you know, I'm definitely just like the other king. You like, 277 00:18:00,119 --> 00:18:02,159 Speaker 1: I've got the same name. We do want to give 278 00:18:02,200 --> 00:18:06,359 Speaker 1: a shout out to, of course, Louis the fifth, the 279 00:18:06,520 --> 00:18:09,080 Speaker 1: do Nothing. That's a heck of a street dame. 280 00:18:09,320 --> 00:18:09,600 Speaker 2: No. 281 00:18:09,960 --> 00:18:13,000 Speaker 1: Yeah, rough day for Louis, rough rain for Louis. 282 00:18:13,040 --> 00:18:15,879 Speaker 2: We're going to get to another sort of diss in 283 00:18:15,960 --> 00:18:19,000 Speaker 2: terms of laziness horrific coming up in a little bit. 284 00:18:19,760 --> 00:18:25,240 Speaker 1: Yeah, So, okay, Louis the eighteenth, the subject of our 285 00:18:25,280 --> 00:18:31,919 Speaker 1: examination here. He didn't have the best time because he 286 00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:35,440 Speaker 1: happened to be king when this other dude with a 287 00:18:35,480 --> 00:18:37,440 Speaker 1: penis that will be famous in the future, a guy 288 00:18:37,520 --> 00:18:39,680 Speaker 1: named Napoleon, was hanging out. 289 00:18:39,960 --> 00:18:43,600 Speaker 2: Yeah, apparently it became like this, the consistency of beef jerky, 290 00:18:44,080 --> 00:18:46,040 Speaker 2: because they didn't put it in for al day, and 291 00:18:46,080 --> 00:18:49,119 Speaker 2: it like toured around the globe like under glass, the 292 00:18:49,160 --> 00:18:50,919 Speaker 2: whole thing. Sorry, I don't know why I'm hung up 293 00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:52,119 Speaker 2: on this, but you brought it back. 294 00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:52,760 Speaker 1: Up again then. 295 00:18:53,320 --> 00:18:57,240 Speaker 2: So Louis the eighteenth says Britannica was born November seventeen 296 00:18:57,280 --> 00:19:00,359 Speaker 2: seventy and fifty five in Versailles and the past on 297 00:19:00,400 --> 00:19:04,119 Speaker 2: September sixteenth, eighteen twenty four, and Perry he was the 298 00:19:04,200 --> 00:19:07,600 Speaker 2: King of France by title only in seventeen ninety five 299 00:19:07,640 --> 00:19:12,360 Speaker 2: and in actual facts, to quote Lauren Vogelbaum's genius catchphrase, 300 00:19:12,440 --> 00:19:15,919 Speaker 2: from eighteen fourteen to eighteen twenty four, We're gonna get 301 00:19:15,920 --> 00:19:19,040 Speaker 2: more into the whole by title period of this reign 302 00:19:19,480 --> 00:19:23,760 Speaker 2: in a little bit. But Meritanica goes on Louis was 303 00:19:23,800 --> 00:19:26,359 Speaker 2: the fourth son of the Dauphin, which you might have 304 00:19:26,520 --> 00:19:28,639 Speaker 2: seen in like I believe, the Dauphin comes up in 305 00:19:28,680 --> 00:19:33,200 Speaker 2: the Three Musketeers, which means the eldest heir to the king, 306 00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:38,040 Speaker 2: Louis the son of that's right, exactly, the special best boy. 307 00:19:38,160 --> 00:19:41,919 Speaker 2: So that was Louis, the son of Louis the fifteenth. 308 00:19:42,040 --> 00:19:46,200 Speaker 2: By the way, we're gonna get into some confusing naming 309 00:19:46,359 --> 00:19:50,440 Speaker 2: conventions here because everyone here, as you mentioned Ben as 310 00:19:50,480 --> 00:19:54,080 Speaker 2: an indicator of you know, prominence or whatever, to remind 311 00:19:54,160 --> 00:19:56,840 Speaker 2: the people that Louise are the best, they were the 312 00:19:56,840 --> 00:19:58,760 Speaker 2: good ones. They're all named Louis. So we're going to 313 00:19:58,840 --> 00:20:03,000 Speaker 2: talk in numbers, so I myself will likely get continue 314 00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:05,000 Speaker 2: to confuse and Ben, thank you for going through and 315 00:20:05,080 --> 00:20:06,440 Speaker 2: changing all the minerals. 316 00:20:07,119 --> 00:20:10,320 Speaker 1: Two actual numbers. I really appreciate. That's Max's. 317 00:20:10,440 --> 00:20:12,800 Speaker 2: Oh well, thank you for Max. Then I'm not insulted 318 00:20:12,880 --> 00:20:14,320 Speaker 2: at all, but I know I truly am not. 319 00:20:14,640 --> 00:20:18,040 Speaker 1: And we eat it because it can be like reading 320 00:20:18,440 --> 00:20:21,280 Speaker 1: one hundred Years of Solitude if you remember that book, 321 00:20:21,720 --> 00:20:25,000 Speaker 1: most famous for well, it's great work of magical realism, 322 00:20:25,080 --> 00:20:28,400 Speaker 1: but also a ton of people have the same name 323 00:20:28,520 --> 00:20:30,920 Speaker 1: or very similar names so well. 324 00:20:30,680 --> 00:20:33,200 Speaker 2: And let's be real, once you get into higher digits 325 00:20:33,240 --> 00:20:36,880 Speaker 2: of Roman numerals, unless you're really up to snuff on it, 326 00:20:36,880 --> 00:20:39,159 Speaker 2: it can be confusing for even the best of us. 327 00:20:39,440 --> 00:20:42,719 Speaker 1: Of course, yeah, so at times we may refer to 328 00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:47,159 Speaker 1: these guys as just eighteen and sixteen to save us 329 00:20:47,200 --> 00:20:52,040 Speaker 1: all the heartbreak. Louis eighteen the eighteenth is given the 330 00:20:52,080 --> 00:20:55,800 Speaker 1: title it provolts but it sounds like a cheese, it does, 331 00:20:55,920 --> 00:20:59,760 Speaker 1: and it does sound good. After two of he gets this, 332 00:21:00,760 --> 00:21:03,800 Speaker 1: and then two of his older brothers pass away, his 333 00:21:04,040 --> 00:21:08,680 Speaker 1: eldest brother Louis the sixteenth, so they're brothers that are 334 00:21:08,920 --> 00:21:13,679 Speaker 1: both named Louis. Louis the sixteenth becomes king, Louis eighteen 335 00:21:14,080 --> 00:21:20,359 Speaker 1: gets the title of air Presumptive. Louis sixteen has two kids, 336 00:21:20,680 --> 00:21:23,719 Speaker 1: so the king has two kids, and that means Louis 337 00:21:23,800 --> 00:21:27,280 Speaker 1: eighteen is going to have a much more difficult time 338 00:21:27,480 --> 00:21:32,160 Speaker 1: becoming the king because you know, the two direct children 339 00:21:32,359 --> 00:21:36,080 Speaker 1: will get the throne first. So the revolution happens. French 340 00:21:36,119 --> 00:21:38,959 Speaker 1: Revolution seventeen eighty nine was a wild time. You may 341 00:21:39,000 --> 00:21:42,960 Speaker 1: have heard about it, and Louis the eighteenth stays in Paris, 342 00:21:43,840 --> 00:21:49,080 Speaker 1: hopefully to exploit the situation. He's thinking, maybe there is 343 00:21:49,119 --> 00:21:53,000 Speaker 1: opportunity in this chaos, Maybe I can ascend to the 344 00:21:53,040 --> 00:21:57,919 Speaker 1: throne once this unpleasantness dies down. It did not die down. 345 00:21:58,800 --> 00:22:02,080 Speaker 1: It's super not die down. And so Louis had to 346 00:22:02,440 --> 00:22:05,240 Speaker 1: flee the country. He skips town. In June of seventeen 347 00:22:05,320 --> 00:22:06,000 Speaker 1: ninety one. 348 00:22:06,200 --> 00:22:09,320 Speaker 2: Little known detail, the French Revolution was often referred to 349 00:22:09,359 --> 00:22:11,080 Speaker 2: as the Great Unpleasantness. 350 00:22:12,040 --> 00:22:18,600 Speaker 1: Right the age of the Guillotine, Louis the eighteenth publishes 351 00:22:18,880 --> 00:22:24,359 Speaker 1: all these anti revolutionary manifestos. He gets a bunch of 352 00:22:24,960 --> 00:22:29,800 Speaker 1: like expat associations together and they go around kind of 353 00:22:29,880 --> 00:22:34,000 Speaker 1: door to door, castle to castle, asking other monarchs in 354 00:22:34,080 --> 00:22:37,560 Speaker 1: different countries to help them in the fight against this 355 00:22:37,760 --> 00:22:44,240 Speaker 1: dirty peasant uprising. Of course, Louis the sixteenth and Marie 356 00:22:44,280 --> 00:22:49,400 Speaker 1: Antoinette are still, you know, held captive by the revolutionaries. 357 00:22:49,680 --> 00:22:55,320 Speaker 1: They're executed in seventeen ninety three. Louis eighteen, here's about this, 358 00:22:55,640 --> 00:22:58,679 Speaker 1: and he says, well, you know, my nephew is young. 359 00:22:59,280 --> 00:23:02,560 Speaker 1: Louis is young, and I know he's the Dauphine, but 360 00:23:02,880 --> 00:23:05,600 Speaker 1: I am going to be his regent. So right now, 361 00:23:05,680 --> 00:23:08,639 Speaker 1: what we would say is that Louis eighteen is given 362 00:23:08,720 --> 00:23:13,080 Speaker 1: big scar energy, you know, yeah, yeah, exactly, long live 363 00:23:13,160 --> 00:23:13,520 Speaker 1: the king. 364 00:23:13,720 --> 00:23:17,040 Speaker 2: Indeed, so Louis seventeen would eventually pass away in seventeen 365 00:23:17,080 --> 00:23:20,080 Speaker 2: ninety five and his uncle would declare himself King Louis eighteen. 366 00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:22,199 Speaker 1: Yeah, we had a. 367 00:23:22,160 --> 00:23:24,879 Speaker 2: Little more to get through, the more Louis in fact, 368 00:23:24,960 --> 00:23:28,240 Speaker 2: so there's a huge problem to you. Oh yeah, said 369 00:23:28,280 --> 00:23:31,080 Speaker 2: on that too with Chris frasciotis here in spirit. Yeah, 370 00:23:31,200 --> 00:23:34,160 Speaker 2: check that one out from the early days of ridiculous history. 371 00:23:34,359 --> 00:23:36,680 Speaker 2: So there's a huge problem with Louis the eighteenth plan 372 00:23:36,840 --> 00:23:39,919 Speaker 2: of like, you know, declaring himself king. At this time 373 00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:43,640 Speaker 2: that wasn't a thing. There was not a king of France, 374 00:23:43,760 --> 00:23:47,480 Speaker 2: hence the by title note that we mentioned above. So 375 00:23:47,680 --> 00:23:51,000 Speaker 2: between seventeen ninety five and eighteen fourteen, Louis kind of 376 00:23:51,040 --> 00:23:54,120 Speaker 2: wandered the earth like Cain from Kung Fu, at least, 377 00:23:54,160 --> 00:23:58,520 Speaker 2: you know, in Europe. He went journeyed between Russia, England 378 00:23:58,560 --> 00:24:05,040 Speaker 2: and Russia, promoting this notion of royalism, and this whole 379 00:24:05,440 --> 00:24:09,720 Speaker 2: goal seemed to lose even more steam after Napoleon declared 380 00:24:09,840 --> 00:24:12,240 Speaker 2: himself emperor in eighteen o four. 381 00:24:12,359 --> 00:24:16,760 Speaker 1: LOUI, Yeah, and so this is this is weird because 382 00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:22,360 Speaker 1: Napoleon actually tries to broker a deal with Louis the eighteenth, 383 00:24:22,359 --> 00:24:25,919 Speaker 1: and he says, look, if you abdicate your title and 384 00:24:25,960 --> 00:24:30,000 Speaker 1: you admit that I Napoleon am the Emperor, will set 385 00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:32,159 Speaker 1: you up for life, will give you a pension. You 386 00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:36,440 Speaker 1: won't have to worry about anything. And Louis says, heck, no, 387 00:24:37,320 --> 00:24:43,320 Speaker 1: man all. And so Napoleon runs into, you know, his 388 00:24:43,359 --> 00:24:49,159 Speaker 1: own series of defeats. He takes epic victories and absolute defeats, 389 00:24:49,240 --> 00:24:52,520 Speaker 1: right right. So it's eighteen thirteen, and this is where 390 00:24:52,600 --> 00:24:59,360 Speaker 1: Louis the eighteenth issues another manifesto and he says, you know, look, peasants, 391 00:25:00,200 --> 00:25:06,120 Speaker 1: I will recognize some stuff from the French Revolution as 392 00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:11,960 Speaker 1: long as we restore my monarchy. This is crazy, right, 393 00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:16,000 Speaker 1: So Allied armies enter Paris. It's March of eighteen fourteen, 394 00:25:16,760 --> 00:25:22,000 Speaker 1: and there's this brilliant diplomat who often, yes, she often 395 00:25:22,040 --> 00:25:25,240 Speaker 1: gets forgotten, but he's really good at me. Can you 396 00:25:25,280 --> 00:25:28,000 Speaker 1: get forgotten with a name like Tali rad No? And 397 00:25:28,119 --> 00:25:31,880 Speaker 1: so he no eighteen and sixteen for that guy, he's 398 00:25:31,960 --> 00:25:36,159 Speaker 1: just tally Rand. So he's able to negotiate this restoration 399 00:25:36,920 --> 00:25:41,040 Speaker 1: such that on May third of that same year, eighteen fourteen, 400 00:25:42,720 --> 00:25:48,280 Speaker 1: Louis is considered again the king, and that's why he 401 00:25:48,480 --> 00:25:51,200 Speaker 1: was king in title for a while, but now he's 402 00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:52,320 Speaker 1: king in fact. 403 00:25:54,160 --> 00:25:58,199 Speaker 2: So on May the second, Louis eighteen officially declared or 404 00:25:58,400 --> 00:26:03,280 Speaker 2: at least promised, a constitutional monarchy. He wasn't going to 405 00:26:03,280 --> 00:26:08,880 Speaker 2: be a iron fisted despot, you know, with the totalitarian regime. 406 00:26:09,200 --> 00:26:16,440 Speaker 2: He promised a parliament's a a two party parliament, religious tolerance, 407 00:26:17,240 --> 00:26:22,680 Speaker 2: rights for all citizens guaranteed, a constitution. This is when 408 00:26:22,880 --> 00:26:28,320 Speaker 2: the shot constitutional now was adopted on June fourth of 409 00:26:28,400 --> 00:26:31,920 Speaker 2: eighteen fourteen. This was another you know, I mean, hell, 410 00:26:31,800 --> 00:26:35,720 Speaker 2: we always refer to our democracy here in the United 411 00:26:35,720 --> 00:26:38,320 Speaker 2: States as being a bit of an experiment, so this 412 00:26:38,400 --> 00:26:39,200 Speaker 2: certainly was that. 413 00:26:39,480 --> 00:26:43,600 Speaker 1: Oh yeah yeah. And things seemed set to reach a 414 00:26:43,640 --> 00:26:52,680 Speaker 1: somewhat peaceful conclusion until what's like, anyo moretone music here? 415 00:26:58,920 --> 00:27:04,879 Speaker 1: Perfect until there's another returning character, a man who is 416 00:27:05,200 --> 00:27:10,679 Speaker 1: unmess withable because we're family. Show Napoleon right, and he 417 00:27:10,760 --> 00:27:16,840 Speaker 1: returns from Elba, and this cuts Louise's constitutional experiments short. 418 00:27:16,880 --> 00:27:19,600 Speaker 2: No pun intended, because he in fact was of average height. 419 00:27:19,920 --> 00:27:26,280 Speaker 2: After Marshall michel Ney defected to Napoleon on March the 420 00:27:26,320 --> 00:27:33,359 Speaker 2: seventeenth of eighteen fifteen, our king fled to Ghent, and 421 00:27:33,400 --> 00:27:36,800 Speaker 2: he did not have his return of the King, if 422 00:27:36,840 --> 00:27:38,960 Speaker 2: we're being Lord of the ringsy about it until July 423 00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:42,240 Speaker 2: the eighth, after a bit of a famous battle known 424 00:27:42,280 --> 00:27:45,600 Speaker 2: as Waterloo, also a really nice sunset depicted in a 425 00:27:45,640 --> 00:27:47,080 Speaker 2: lovely song by The Kinks. 426 00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:53,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, and after this, Louis serves as king until he 427 00:27:53,640 --> 00:27:59,359 Speaker 1: passes away on September sixteenth, eighteen twenty four. The autorifics 428 00:27:59,560 --> 00:28:03,600 Speaker 1: left in his wake are the following You're gonna see 429 00:28:03,600 --> 00:28:06,919 Speaker 1: two Okay, you're gonna see him called Louis eight, Louis 430 00:28:07,240 --> 00:28:13,560 Speaker 1: the Desired, or Louis Ahead the smoke Show right, sexy 431 00:28:13,760 --> 00:28:17,480 Speaker 1: beast right right. They originally went with Louis the Bembo, 432 00:28:17,800 --> 00:28:22,920 Speaker 1: but them there it is. But he has a little 433 00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:26,200 Speaker 1: bit more heavy metal one that I think we all prefer, 434 00:28:26,280 --> 00:28:29,200 Speaker 1: which is Louis the eighteenth, the Unavoidable. 435 00:28:29,600 --> 00:28:32,520 Speaker 2: Oh man, he just really insists on himself, doesn't He's 436 00:28:32,600 --> 00:28:35,080 Speaker 2: just there because he just turn around. 437 00:28:35,480 --> 00:28:39,320 Speaker 1: Would stop, He wouldn't stop saying he was king until 438 00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:41,880 Speaker 1: eventually everybody just agreed with him. 439 00:28:42,200 --> 00:28:44,880 Speaker 2: You know, that is a way of doing things. It's 440 00:28:44,920 --> 00:28:48,560 Speaker 2: not a cool way of doing things. But no little 441 00:28:48,560 --> 00:28:51,480 Speaker 2: thing we see a little bit around these parts and 442 00:28:51,560 --> 00:28:54,200 Speaker 2: in the United States. It's just the idea if you 443 00:28:54,280 --> 00:28:57,760 Speaker 2: repeat something enough times and people just kind of get fatigued, 444 00:28:58,080 --> 00:28:59,560 Speaker 2: then it just sort of roll over. 445 00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:02,400 Speaker 1: Outs to jump in here real quick. 446 00:29:02,560 --> 00:29:02,720 Speaker 2: Uh. 447 00:29:03,120 --> 00:29:06,600 Speaker 3: The article from a Saint Neo's Museum, which is a 448 00:29:06,720 --> 00:29:09,880 Speaker 3: museum over in England. I look at the photo that 449 00:29:09,920 --> 00:29:14,720 Speaker 3: they use of louis the unavoidable. It just it's the epitome. 450 00:29:14,800 --> 00:29:16,320 Speaker 3: Just go into the article and click into it. I'm 451 00:29:16,360 --> 00:29:19,080 Speaker 3: just like, tell me when you have it up. 452 00:29:19,560 --> 00:29:20,360 Speaker 1: Got it? Yeah? 453 00:29:21,760 --> 00:29:26,080 Speaker 2: Are here? Uh you're talking about your talking? 454 00:29:26,320 --> 00:29:32,160 Speaker 1: Yeah, he is just like, hi guy, he looks he 455 00:29:32,200 --> 00:29:35,040 Speaker 1: looks like a wear turtle. Yeah. Oh my gosh. Man, 456 00:29:35,160 --> 00:29:40,280 Speaker 1: when the full moon waxes, he transforms in the night 457 00:29:40,440 --> 00:29:43,840 Speaker 1: into a turtle. Remember those yard hermits. Yes, yeah, it's 458 00:29:43,920 --> 00:29:46,560 Speaker 1: like one of those. I mean, not trying to be 459 00:29:46,560 --> 00:29:48,240 Speaker 1: a big, big yard hermit vibes. 460 00:29:48,480 --> 00:29:52,280 Speaker 3: But when you when you research royals, you can tell 461 00:29:52,440 --> 00:29:56,640 Speaker 3: when like the change happened from like painting completely to like, 462 00:29:56,720 --> 00:29:58,560 Speaker 3: you know, trying to be more realistic or you get 463 00:29:58,560 --> 00:30:01,680 Speaker 3: photos because like a good example of this was in 464 00:30:01,800 --> 00:30:06,520 Speaker 3: our spiritual prequel to this series, Ridiculous World Deaths Part one, 465 00:30:06,600 --> 00:30:09,040 Speaker 3: when we talked about the Swedish king who ate himself 466 00:30:09,080 --> 00:30:11,800 Speaker 3: to death. Every single painting of him, he's just like 467 00:30:11,840 --> 00:30:16,960 Speaker 3: the super tall in shape guys and fit. Yeah, in 468 00:30:17,040 --> 00:30:20,800 Speaker 3: every writing about him said that was nothing like him. 469 00:30:21,160 --> 00:30:23,600 Speaker 1: I love that stuff. I love That's one of my 470 00:30:23,640 --> 00:30:28,360 Speaker 1: favorite things about researching royalty and older historical figures. I 471 00:30:28,520 --> 00:30:31,400 Speaker 1: like to read a lot about them before I ever 472 00:30:31,480 --> 00:30:38,040 Speaker 1: see a visual depiction because that there's an unending opportunity 473 00:30:38,240 --> 00:30:43,400 Speaker 1: for hilarity there. And shout out to all all the artists, 474 00:30:43,680 --> 00:30:47,520 Speaker 1: the portraitus and so on who had to make these 475 00:30:47,640 --> 00:30:51,320 Speaker 1: royal depictions. We don't blame you. We know that you 476 00:30:51,360 --> 00:30:54,800 Speaker 1: would have been murdered if you put it, you know, 477 00:30:55,320 --> 00:30:58,400 Speaker 1: if you were a little too accurate in your renditions. 478 00:30:58,600 --> 00:31:01,240 Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean to be political at all, but like 479 00:31:01,280 --> 00:31:04,320 Speaker 2: you don't remember what happened just recently with Donald Trump, 480 00:31:04,400 --> 00:31:06,600 Speaker 2: the President of the United States, where he had like 481 00:31:07,080 --> 00:31:10,560 Speaker 2: and what he believed to be an unflattering portrait removed. Well, 482 00:31:10,600 --> 00:31:12,560 Speaker 2: you know, I mean like back in those these days, 483 00:31:12,800 --> 00:31:15,080 Speaker 2: that kind of attitude might have led to the artist 484 00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:18,920 Speaker 2: to your point, Ben being you know, executed summarily. 485 00:31:19,080 --> 00:31:21,960 Speaker 1: Yeah, they had to be ready, which brings us to 486 00:31:22,400 --> 00:31:25,760 Speaker 1: something for all read. 487 00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:36,000 Speaker 2: For so long, we've talked about ethel Read before and 488 00:31:36,080 --> 00:31:37,600 Speaker 2: this is very familiar. 489 00:31:37,680 --> 00:31:40,600 Speaker 1: Yes, and we mentioned him often. I think we talked 490 00:31:40,600 --> 00:31:43,440 Speaker 1: with Jack and Miles about him as well. He comes 491 00:31:43,560 --> 00:31:46,800 Speaker 1: up as a as a side note whenever we talk 492 00:31:47,000 --> 00:31:52,880 Speaker 1: about autorifics in general, just because this poor schmuck has 493 00:31:53,520 --> 00:32:00,120 Speaker 1: one of the most hilarious and insulting autorifics in history, 494 00:32:00,160 --> 00:32:03,560 Speaker 1: ethel Read the unready. We're not saying he's bad. We're 495 00:32:03,560 --> 00:32:06,800 Speaker 1: not saying he's terrible. We're not saying he's you know, 496 00:32:06,880 --> 00:32:09,640 Speaker 1: beat me Max, We're saying he's an asshole. We're just 497 00:32:09,640 --> 00:32:12,920 Speaker 1: saying he's not prepared. It's bit of a slouch. Yeah, yeah, 498 00:32:13,000 --> 00:32:16,800 Speaker 1: to your earlier boint. Ethel Read is part of the 499 00:32:16,840 --> 00:32:21,520 Speaker 1: Saxon dynasty that rules rules England from the ninth to 500 00:32:21,600 --> 00:32:22,680 Speaker 1: the eleventh century. 501 00:32:22,840 --> 00:32:26,440 Speaker 2: According to the Royal Family website, ethel Read the second, 502 00:32:26,520 --> 00:32:29,720 Speaker 2: the younger son of Edgar, became king at the age 503 00:32:29,720 --> 00:32:32,680 Speaker 2: of seven following the murder most foul of his half 504 00:32:32,680 --> 00:32:36,720 Speaker 2: brother Edward the Second in nine seventy eight at Corfe Castle. 505 00:32:36,840 --> 00:32:39,600 Speaker 2: Dorset by ethel Red's retainers. 506 00:32:41,120 --> 00:32:44,360 Speaker 1: Whatever is it? Like? What is posse? What are his retainers? Yeah? Yeah, 507 00:32:44,520 --> 00:32:46,560 Speaker 1: like his people is okay? Got it? Yeah. 508 00:32:46,560 --> 00:32:49,040 Speaker 2: For the rest of ethel Red's rule reigned nine seventy 509 00:32:49,080 --> 00:32:52,120 Speaker 2: eight to ten sixteen, his brother became a posthumous rallying 510 00:32:52,120 --> 00:32:56,600 Speaker 2: point for political unrest. A hostile church transformed Edward into 511 00:32:56,640 --> 00:32:58,520 Speaker 2: a royal martyr. 512 00:32:59,200 --> 00:33:04,880 Speaker 1: Which means that now Ethelred is forced to go against 513 00:33:04,920 --> 00:33:09,760 Speaker 1: the church. Supporting Ethelred means you may be in opposition 514 00:33:09,920 --> 00:33:13,000 Speaker 1: to God as the way the public understands it. So 515 00:33:13,200 --> 00:33:16,760 Speaker 1: it makes it really tough for Ethelred to keep his retainers, 516 00:33:16,760 --> 00:33:20,920 Speaker 1: to have the allegiance of even the civilian population. And 517 00:33:21,080 --> 00:33:25,440 Speaker 1: while all this is happening, the Vikings are also trying 518 00:33:25,480 --> 00:33:28,920 Speaker 1: to take England for themselves. Yeah, you wolf at the door. 519 00:33:29,200 --> 00:33:33,200 Speaker 2: You know they are coming for the English people's lands 520 00:33:33,240 --> 00:33:34,560 Speaker 2: and all that they hold dear. 521 00:33:35,000 --> 00:33:39,600 Speaker 1: And Ethelred is a lot of things. He's not ready 522 00:33:39,800 --> 00:33:44,960 Speaker 1: and he's not a fighter, however, so he so he 523 00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:49,080 Speaker 1: attempts to kind of stem the chaos by making political 524 00:33:49,320 --> 00:33:53,600 Speaker 1: alliances in nine ninety one and almost in nineteen ninety one, 525 00:33:54,120 --> 00:33:58,560 Speaker 1: and he says, look, Duke, you gotta help me out. 526 00:33:59,400 --> 00:34:02,840 Speaker 1: And so the Duke of Normandy is able to help 527 00:34:02,880 --> 00:34:06,840 Speaker 1: fend off Vikings, and then later ethel Red also does 528 00:34:06,920 --> 00:34:11,279 Speaker 1: the bribery move. He buys off renewed attacks from the 529 00:34:11,360 --> 00:34:17,000 Speaker 1: Danes with a tax called the Dane Guild the Dane Gold. 530 00:34:17,200 --> 00:34:21,759 Speaker 1: So imagine, like there's something like, imagine if what's a 531 00:34:21,800 --> 00:34:25,520 Speaker 1: fun country to invade the US? Imagine if Jamaica all 532 00:34:25,520 --> 00:34:28,120 Speaker 1: of a sudden has this amazing army and there. 533 00:34:28,080 --> 00:34:30,120 Speaker 2: I'm here for that and I would love to be 534 00:34:30,160 --> 00:34:31,800 Speaker 2: taken over by the Jamaica. 535 00:34:31,480 --> 00:34:34,000 Speaker 1: And they're and they're invading the US. And then sure, 536 00:34:34,080 --> 00:34:36,640 Speaker 1: the President puts out a tax so you have to 537 00:34:36,880 --> 00:34:39,919 Speaker 1: add X percentage to everything you buy and it's called 538 00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:45,040 Speaker 1: you know, like uh, the Rost attacks. Okay, the Iri tax. 539 00:34:45,160 --> 00:34:45,520 Speaker 1: There we go. 540 00:34:45,760 --> 00:34:48,120 Speaker 2: Yeah, yeah, I love it. Now either one will workshop it. 541 00:34:48,560 --> 00:34:51,600 Speaker 2: I love this this this fictional scenario, though, Ben, I 542 00:34:51,600 --> 00:34:53,480 Speaker 2: don't know why. It just tickles me. 543 00:34:53,560 --> 00:34:55,799 Speaker 1: It seems pretty cool, right, But yeah, it's not cool 544 00:34:55,840 --> 00:34:59,000 Speaker 1: for ethel Red by ten Or, as Max refers to 545 00:34:59,200 --> 00:35:02,640 Speaker 1: him as, and numerous flippy dips on his nickname. 546 00:35:02,680 --> 00:35:08,600 Speaker 2: We've got ethyl sauce ethyl fart for some reason. Yeah, 547 00:35:08,760 --> 00:35:11,680 Speaker 2: just Ethyl unready, Yeah, Ethyl not ready. I believe this 548 00:35:11,800 --> 00:35:15,040 Speaker 2: is how he puts Ethyl no ready. I just love 549 00:35:15,080 --> 00:35:16,880 Speaker 2: how you keep us on our Toastmax. Good job, so 550 00:35:17,080 --> 00:35:17,520 Speaker 2: good show. 551 00:35:18,200 --> 00:35:23,920 Speaker 1: So look, by ten twelve, forty eight thousand pounds of 552 00:35:24,040 --> 00:35:27,680 Speaker 1: silver have been paid via this tax to Danes that 553 00:35:27,800 --> 00:35:31,920 Speaker 1: are camped in London. The whole country is just foo bar. 554 00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:33,520 Speaker 1: It's an absolute mess. 555 00:35:34,080 --> 00:35:38,400 Speaker 2: Yeah, the country becomes ravaged and Ethyl Red's efforts to 556 00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:45,440 Speaker 2: you know, hopefully secure peace through currency not a good 557 00:35:45,520 --> 00:35:49,080 Speaker 2: move because then he just realized the invaders realized that, Okay, 558 00:35:49,840 --> 00:35:53,040 Speaker 2: this is a weak individual here trying to pay us off. 559 00:35:53,280 --> 00:35:55,359 Speaker 1: We don't need you to pay us. We're just gonna 560 00:35:55,400 --> 00:35:57,800 Speaker 1: take it right. That's our whole thing. Do you not 561 00:35:57,960 --> 00:36:03,560 Speaker 1: know about the Vikings? You will? Were you not prepared? Anyway? 562 00:36:03,800 --> 00:36:09,160 Speaker 1: They're not just invading and doing hit and runs at 563 00:36:09,200 --> 00:36:12,760 Speaker 1: this point or b and ease. They start settling down, 564 00:36:13,160 --> 00:36:17,960 Speaker 1: putting down roots and towns, and ethel Red launch as 565 00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:21,600 Speaker 1: a massacre of these Danish settlers. Sorry, I'm afraid of them. 566 00:36:21,600 --> 00:36:23,359 Speaker 1: As the Vikings. I meant the Danes. The Danes could 567 00:36:23,360 --> 00:36:26,120 Speaker 1: be blood thirsty. Two who's to say, yeah, blood's for 568 00:36:26,200 --> 00:36:29,520 Speaker 1: everybody if you're thirsty enough. So by the end of 569 00:36:29,880 --> 00:36:33,759 Speaker 1: ten thirteen, the Danish king at the time swhen one 570 00:36:34,200 --> 00:36:37,880 Speaker 1: had been accepted as the king in England and ethel 571 00:36:37,960 --> 00:36:42,520 Speaker 1: Red has to scdaddle off to Normandy. Ethel Fled Ethyl 572 00:36:43,160 --> 00:36:44,920 Speaker 1: nice good button. Right. 573 00:36:45,080 --> 00:36:47,239 Speaker 2: So with this we've got a deposed king hiding out 574 00:36:47,280 --> 00:36:49,400 Speaker 2: in France on the lamb. But it is not the 575 00:36:49,680 --> 00:36:54,360 Speaker 2: end of ethyl Fled's story. So what happened to seven? 576 00:36:55,840 --> 00:36:57,920 Speaker 2: I'm gonna go with Sven the First or his much 577 00:36:57,960 --> 00:37:04,600 Speaker 2: better names seven for just very Viking sounding. He wasn't 578 00:37:04,680 --> 00:37:10,759 Speaker 2: long for this world. Svend or Svend Seveskaide, which was 579 00:37:10,880 --> 00:37:12,759 Speaker 2: his native name. It had been around for a bit, 580 00:37:12,840 --> 00:37:15,600 Speaker 2: becoming king of Denmark in nineteen eighty seven. He took 581 00:37:15,680 --> 00:37:18,800 Speaker 2: control of Norway as well in one thousand in a 582 00:37:18,920 --> 00:37:22,440 Speaker 2: year one thousand, before becoming King of England in ten thirteen, 583 00:37:22,480 --> 00:37:24,840 Speaker 2: and then he passed away the next year in ten fourteen. 584 00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:30,480 Speaker 1: So now there is a power vacuum. This opens an 585 00:37:30,680 --> 00:37:36,640 Speaker 1: enormous opportunity for Ethelred. Ethelred's counsel of advisors invite him 586 00:37:36,680 --> 00:37:39,720 Speaker 1: to return to the throne after the death of fork Beard, 587 00:37:40,080 --> 00:37:44,360 Speaker 1: and they say, well, let you do this asterisk so 588 00:37:44,520 --> 00:37:49,040 Speaker 1: long as you agree to satisfy our grievances. So I 589 00:37:49,120 --> 00:37:55,120 Speaker 1: have to kind of pay us off to Ethelred spoiler dies. 590 00:37:55,880 --> 00:37:59,200 Speaker 1: He doesn't last too long after this. He passes away 591 00:37:59,280 --> 00:38:03,279 Speaker 1: in ten sixteen, but he is legacy is secure. The 592 00:38:03,400 --> 00:38:06,480 Speaker 1: line of Saxon rulers has been restored to the throne, 593 00:38:06,880 --> 00:38:10,759 Speaker 1: and this is where his son, Edmund the second Ironside 594 00:38:11,080 --> 00:38:16,120 Speaker 1: much cooler name side note, Uh yeah, he Ironside is 595 00:38:16,560 --> 00:38:20,719 Speaker 1: not really his father's son in terms of behavior. He's 596 00:38:20,960 --> 00:38:26,320 Speaker 1: excellent at defending England from Forkbeard's son, who, in a 597 00:38:26,400 --> 00:38:28,359 Speaker 1: weird way that we won't get into, is also kind 598 00:38:28,360 --> 00:38:32,000 Speaker 1: of co king of England anyway, Unfortunately for Ironside, we're 599 00:38:32,040 --> 00:38:35,160 Speaker 1: just gonna throw that one over there. Unfortunately for Ironside, 600 00:38:35,680 --> 00:38:38,759 Speaker 1: someone shot him in the ass with a crossbow and 601 00:38:38,920 --> 00:38:42,120 Speaker 1: he died with a bolt from the crossbow. Sorry, if 602 00:38:42,120 --> 00:38:44,200 Speaker 1: they didn't throw a whole crossbow out him, Yeah, that 603 00:38:44,200 --> 00:38:46,759 Speaker 1: would have been like adding insultsanderin. Yeah, and if you. 604 00:38:46,760 --> 00:38:50,080 Speaker 3: Want to learn more, check out the Ridiculous or Death 605 00:38:50,200 --> 00:38:53,680 Speaker 3: episode where we talk about Edmund Ironside and also the 606 00:38:53,760 --> 00:38:56,520 Speaker 3: debate of whether it was a crossbow or a dagger 607 00:38:57,040 --> 00:38:58,560 Speaker 3: and if they left the dagger. 608 00:38:58,400 --> 00:39:01,799 Speaker 1: In oh right, yeah yeah, but it was definitely as 609 00:39:01,920 --> 00:39:03,720 Speaker 1: but we do you know that part. 610 00:39:04,920 --> 00:39:08,080 Speaker 3: It appears that someone went into the chamber underneath, crawl 611 00:39:08,120 --> 00:39:09,200 Speaker 3: through all the poop and shot. 612 00:39:09,520 --> 00:39:12,279 Speaker 2: Yes, yep, yep, And do check out an episode for 613 00:39:12,800 --> 00:39:15,400 Speaker 2: kind of what happens and gain in the Song of 614 00:39:15,480 --> 00:39:19,359 Speaker 2: Ice and Fire, similar to uh, what's his name? Uh 615 00:39:19,920 --> 00:39:23,680 Speaker 2: till ty Taiwan lanister, he gets shot with a crossbow 616 00:39:23,800 --> 00:39:24,839 Speaker 2: in the privy. 617 00:39:25,400 --> 00:39:29,040 Speaker 1: Yes, crossbow and the privy. It's it's like a clue 618 00:39:29,280 --> 00:39:34,800 Speaker 1: situation exactly. So let's just talk a little bit about 619 00:39:34,960 --> 00:39:38,000 Speaker 1: this nickname that we tease so often we should the market. 620 00:39:38,239 --> 00:39:42,719 Speaker 1: Yeah all right, So Ethel read the unready. It gets 621 00:39:42,760 --> 00:39:46,240 Speaker 1: a lot of guff from us here, ridiculous history because 622 00:39:46,280 --> 00:39:50,440 Speaker 1: of what the word unready means in twenty twenty five, 623 00:39:51,520 --> 00:39:54,879 Speaker 1: back when he got the name, it didn't mean exactly 624 00:39:55,080 --> 00:40:00,520 Speaker 1: the same thing unread meant no council or that he 625 00:40:00,760 --> 00:40:01,360 Speaker 1: was stupid. 626 00:40:01,760 --> 00:40:05,640 Speaker 2: Okay, so even worse frankly than being unprepared really going 627 00:40:05,719 --> 00:40:07,000 Speaker 2: after his intelligence there. 628 00:40:07,960 --> 00:40:13,040 Speaker 1: Yeah, So maybe on on a more optimistic or empathetic note, 629 00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:18,160 Speaker 1: maybe Ethel read the unready meant more that he didn't 630 00:40:18,200 --> 00:40:19,960 Speaker 1: have a lot of people on his side, you know 631 00:40:20,000 --> 00:40:22,400 Speaker 1: what I mean. Seems so yeah, but it could also 632 00:40:22,560 --> 00:40:25,080 Speaker 1: just meant that he was dumb as a bag of 633 00:40:25,160 --> 00:40:25,680 Speaker 1: door nubs. 634 00:40:26,239 --> 00:40:28,960 Speaker 2: And actually, if you go a little deeper, the nickname 635 00:40:29,080 --> 00:40:31,840 Speaker 2: may well have been a kind of cruel twist on 636 00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:35,440 Speaker 2: the meaning of his actual name ethel Read, which it 637 00:40:35,520 --> 00:40:37,680 Speaker 2: translates to noble council. 638 00:40:37,880 --> 00:40:42,480 Speaker 1: Noble council, no council. Yes, a swiper, no swiping. Yeah, 639 00:40:42,480 --> 00:40:46,760 Speaker 1: it's good wordplay both ways. We are going to pause. 640 00:40:47,480 --> 00:40:50,399 Speaker 1: We're gonna go have some adventures here in our fine 641 00:40:50,480 --> 00:40:54,000 Speaker 1: metropolis of Atlanta, Georgia. Coffee Yeah, a coffee to coffee 642 00:40:54,080 --> 00:40:58,320 Speaker 1: time indeed ed. We'll be back later this week to 643 00:40:58,400 --> 00:41:01,040 Speaker 1: figure out why the US doesn't really mess with the 644 00:41:01,160 --> 00:41:04,000 Speaker 1: metric system. Yeah, if I'm not mistaken too. We also 645 00:41:04,080 --> 00:41:05,400 Speaker 1: have some fun little bits that. 646 00:41:05,400 --> 00:41:08,200 Speaker 2: We're leaving out that we're gonna add to our upcoming 647 00:41:08,680 --> 00:41:12,320 Speaker 2: bits and Bob's kind of compilation episode with stuff that 648 00:41:12,400 --> 00:41:13,000 Speaker 2: we didn't get. 649 00:41:12,920 --> 00:41:14,200 Speaker 1: To from various topics. 650 00:41:14,239 --> 00:41:16,200 Speaker 2: We've got a pretty cool doc that Max has been 651 00:41:16,200 --> 00:41:19,640 Speaker 2: assembling of some of these little odds and ends, So I'm. 652 00:41:19,480 --> 00:41:21,799 Speaker 1: Really looking forward to doing that. Yeah, big, big thanks 653 00:41:21,840 --> 00:41:24,640 Speaker 1: to our super producer, mister Max Williams. Big thanks to 654 00:41:24,840 --> 00:41:27,800 Speaker 1: our research associate for this episode, Max Williams. 655 00:41:28,160 --> 00:41:31,319 Speaker 2: Indeed huge thanks to Christopher Hasiotis and he was Jeff 656 00:41:31,360 --> 00:41:33,840 Speaker 2: Coates both here in spirit the Rude Dudes over at 657 00:41:33,960 --> 00:41:38,239 Speaker 2: Ridiculous Crime, and Alex Williams who composed this biggoty banging 658 00:41:38,280 --> 00:41:39,040 Speaker 2: bob a. 659 00:41:39,200 --> 00:41:44,320 Speaker 1: J Bahamas Jacobs. Jonathan Strickland aka the Quist. Word on 660 00:41:44,480 --> 00:41:47,840 Speaker 1: the street is that he may return to the show again, 661 00:41:48,400 --> 00:41:51,800 Speaker 1: just like Napoleon coming back from Elba. I refuse to 662 00:41:51,880 --> 00:41:55,880 Speaker 1: believe it. Okay, I believe it's true. We'll see you 663 00:41:55,920 --> 00:41:56,560 Speaker 1: next dop books. 664 00:42:03,440 --> 00:42:07,200 Speaker 2: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 665 00:42:07,320 --> 00:42:09,400 Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.