1 00:00:08,640 --> 00:00:11,600 Speaker 1: Hey, or I have a question for you about science 2 00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:15,800 Speaker 1: and naming things. You know, that's that's an issue with me, right, Daniel, 3 00:00:16,800 --> 00:00:19,280 Speaker 1: I've heard that before. Yes, what happened? Did they give 4 00:00:19,400 --> 00:00:23,280 Speaker 1: something a totally absurd name? Again? In physics? Well, I'm 5 00:00:23,320 --> 00:00:25,920 Speaker 1: sort of wondering about like the process, you know, like, 6 00:00:25,960 --> 00:00:29,479 Speaker 1: how do you feel about pre naming given a name 7 00:00:29,520 --> 00:00:33,440 Speaker 1: before it's born? Yeah, exactly, like what happens? Is it okay? 8 00:00:33,520 --> 00:00:35,720 Speaker 1: Or how do you feel about if we give something 9 00:00:35,720 --> 00:00:40,120 Speaker 1: a name before we discover it, like before we even 10 00:00:40,120 --> 00:00:42,000 Speaker 1: know if it exists. That way, you know, we don't 11 00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:46,360 Speaker 1: have to argue about it afterwards. Is it like reserving 12 00:00:46,680 --> 00:00:49,080 Speaker 1: a website name? Like you can just come up with 13 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:52,360 Speaker 1: a name and if somebody discovers it, you own it. Yeah. 14 00:00:52,440 --> 00:00:55,720 Speaker 1: Or like one of our marital harmony strategies in my 15 00:00:55,880 --> 00:00:58,840 Speaker 1: in my marriage at least, is pre assignment of blame, Like, well, 16 00:00:58,880 --> 00:01:01,680 Speaker 1: if this happens, your fault, and we agree that so 17 00:01:02,040 --> 00:01:05,080 Speaker 1: we don't have to argue about it afterwards. And how's that? 18 00:01:05,240 --> 00:01:08,319 Speaker 1: How's that worked out? It's great, it's great, and you 19 00:01:08,319 --> 00:01:10,440 Speaker 1: know you just accept the blame and move on, all right, 20 00:01:10,720 --> 00:01:16,039 Speaker 1: It's always my fault. Physics as well. No, but sometimes 21 00:01:16,160 --> 00:01:19,319 Speaker 1: sometimes in physics, you know, um, people have an idea 22 00:01:19,440 --> 00:01:21,440 Speaker 1: for a thing. We don't even know if it's actually 23 00:01:21,440 --> 00:01:23,480 Speaker 1: a thing in our universe, but they give it a 24 00:01:23,600 --> 00:01:27,160 Speaker 1: name anyway. Alright, So from now on, I say, any 25 00:01:27,200 --> 00:01:33,880 Speaker 1: future particles discovered should be called the or the I 26 00:01:33,920 --> 00:01:54,040 Speaker 1: think I've created a monster, the Wren. Hi. I'm I'm 27 00:01:54,080 --> 00:01:59,200 Speaker 1: a cartoonist and the creator of PhD comics. Hi, I'm Daniel. 28 00:01:59,320 --> 00:02:02,920 Speaker 1: I'm a part of physicists and a cheese aficionado. What's 29 00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:05,280 Speaker 1: your favorite cheese, Daniel? Oh, these days, I'm into the 30 00:02:05,320 --> 00:02:08,160 Speaker 1: sheep's cheese. I've been traveling through Europe last few weeks 31 00:02:08,200 --> 00:02:12,320 Speaker 1: and enjoying a lot of really interesting, soft, creamy sheeps cheesus. 32 00:02:12,520 --> 00:02:13,960 Speaker 1: I don't know the names of any of them, Thom, 33 00:02:14,080 --> 00:02:16,919 Speaker 1: I just gobble them up and smile. Maybe you can 34 00:02:16,960 --> 00:02:20,320 Speaker 1: pre name them. That's right, They're called Daniel's favorite cheese. 35 00:02:20,320 --> 00:02:25,760 Speaker 1: One Daniel's favorite cheese too. Well, before we get too cheesy, 36 00:02:25,960 --> 00:02:29,120 Speaker 1: Welcome to our podcast, Daniel and Jorge Explain the Universe, 37 00:02:29,200 --> 00:02:31,919 Speaker 1: a production of My Heart Radio That's Right, in which 38 00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:35,359 Speaker 1: we zoom around the universe trying to find interesting, fascinating 39 00:02:35,840 --> 00:02:39,000 Speaker 1: black things, white things, dark things, light things, cheesy things, 40 00:02:39,080 --> 00:02:42,960 Speaker 1: creamy things, and tasty things to talk about to entertain 41 00:02:43,120 --> 00:02:45,600 Speaker 1: and educate you. And we are qualified to do this 42 00:02:45,720 --> 00:02:47,880 Speaker 1: because we are the authors of a book called We 43 00:02:47,919 --> 00:02:50,960 Speaker 1: Have No Idea, a Guide to the Unknown Universe. So 44 00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:53,760 Speaker 1: if you are interested in all of these topics, then 45 00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:56,600 Speaker 1: check that out. What exactly does that qualify us for 46 00:02:56,840 --> 00:03:02,360 Speaker 1: other than shilling our book on our podcast? Isn't that 47 00:03:02,760 --> 00:03:07,640 Speaker 1: the synonym for podcast or just a schiller? You know? 48 00:03:07,760 --> 00:03:10,440 Speaker 1: I heard somebody stay the other day. Every conversation is 49 00:03:10,440 --> 00:03:12,960 Speaker 1: a podcast if you just close your eyes, or every 50 00:03:12,960 --> 00:03:16,520 Speaker 1: podcast um is a conversation if you open your eyes, 51 00:03:16,639 --> 00:03:19,239 Speaker 1: that's right. But we do love to explore things about 52 00:03:19,240 --> 00:03:21,760 Speaker 1: the universe that we know and things about the universe 53 00:03:21,800 --> 00:03:24,239 Speaker 1: that we don't know, like some things that are out 54 00:03:24,280 --> 00:03:26,600 Speaker 1: there that we don't understand, some things that might be 55 00:03:26,639 --> 00:03:28,840 Speaker 1: out there and we don't even know if they do exist. 56 00:03:29,400 --> 00:03:32,240 Speaker 1: We love to delve into the unknown and try to 57 00:03:32,360 --> 00:03:34,760 Speaker 1: just chat about with you so that you understand as 58 00:03:34,840 --> 00:03:39,200 Speaker 1: much as theoretical physicists do or don't. That's right. We 59 00:03:39,920 --> 00:03:42,880 Speaker 1: like to explore things and nobody knows right to right, 60 00:03:43,240 --> 00:03:45,880 Speaker 1: and we like talk about why nobody knows anything about them. 61 00:03:45,920 --> 00:03:48,280 Speaker 1: That's right exactly. And you know, one of my favorite 62 00:03:48,280 --> 00:03:51,160 Speaker 1: things in physics is that there are multiple ways to 63 00:03:51,240 --> 00:03:54,640 Speaker 1: sort of create a new idea. Like one way, the 64 00:03:54,680 --> 00:03:58,520 Speaker 1: classic way is what you discover something new in the universe, like, 65 00:03:58,560 --> 00:04:02,440 Speaker 1: what's this weird thing? It's doesn't it isn't explained by 66 00:04:02,480 --> 00:04:04,760 Speaker 1: any law of physics, therefore we need a new law 67 00:04:04,800 --> 00:04:07,400 Speaker 1: of physics. Or this tells us is something else in 68 00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:10,040 Speaker 1: the universe we didn't understand. That's a classic way, right, 69 00:04:10,080 --> 00:04:12,320 Speaker 1: Like you're doing something else, like you're in a bathtub, 70 00:04:12,600 --> 00:04:17,800 Speaker 1: or you're playing around with radioactive materials, and eureka, do 71 00:04:17,880 --> 00:04:20,480 Speaker 1: not play with radioactive materials in the bathtub? How many 72 00:04:20,480 --> 00:04:23,200 Speaker 1: times do I have to tell you that? I think 73 00:04:23,200 --> 00:04:27,080 Speaker 1: you're thinking of a toaster? That's the know. No, there's 74 00:04:27,120 --> 00:04:30,200 Speaker 1: more than one thing that doesn't mix well with bathtubs. Okay, 75 00:04:30,240 --> 00:04:35,279 Speaker 1: it's not an exclusive. Isn't this how power plants work? 76 00:04:35,760 --> 00:04:38,920 Speaker 1: Just a giant bathtub and some radioactive material Yeah, first 77 00:04:38,960 --> 00:04:43,320 Speaker 1: you get a radioactive toaster. Okay, then um no, that's 78 00:04:43,360 --> 00:04:46,240 Speaker 1: the recipe for the beginning of a terrible superhero novel. No. 79 00:04:46,440 --> 00:04:49,479 Speaker 1: But one way is to stumble over something new, usually 80 00:04:49,480 --> 00:04:52,560 Speaker 1: when you're doing a science experiment, but but not always right. 81 00:04:52,920 --> 00:04:55,960 Speaker 1: The other way, though, is to think of something new, 82 00:04:56,360 --> 00:04:59,760 Speaker 1: say like, huh, you know, if there's you know, X, 83 00:04:59,880 --> 00:05:03,560 Speaker 1: y Z particles, why isn't there also a W particle? Right? 84 00:05:03,680 --> 00:05:06,039 Speaker 1: Or you know, I see this pattern, you know, the 85 00:05:06,080 --> 00:05:10,239 Speaker 1: particles go like one, two, three, five? Is there a particle? 86 00:05:10,360 --> 00:05:14,080 Speaker 1: It's lots of number four. And that's another fascinating way 87 00:05:14,120 --> 00:05:18,080 Speaker 1: to explore the universe because you're relying on our mathematical 88 00:05:18,120 --> 00:05:21,799 Speaker 1: patterns and our understanding that the universe seems to follow 89 00:05:21,839 --> 00:05:25,280 Speaker 1: these patterns, and and then following those patterns to find 90 00:05:25,360 --> 00:05:27,839 Speaker 1: something real and out there in the universe. It's like 91 00:05:27,839 --> 00:05:30,000 Speaker 1: the theory tells you there should be something there, and 92 00:05:30,120 --> 00:05:32,279 Speaker 1: so you go and you look for it. Yes, and 93 00:05:32,320 --> 00:05:34,479 Speaker 1: we've done this successfully. I mean, that's how the Higgs 94 00:05:34,520 --> 00:05:37,760 Speaker 1: boson was discovered. We almost certainly would not have found 95 00:05:37,760 --> 00:05:40,159 Speaker 1: the Higgs boson if we weren't looking for it, because 96 00:05:40,160 --> 00:05:43,560 Speaker 1: it's pretty subtle, it's pretty hard to spot. But we 97 00:05:43,720 --> 00:05:46,640 Speaker 1: suspect that it was there because of a theoretical pattern 98 00:05:46,760 --> 00:05:49,280 Speaker 1: that made much more sense if you had this one 99 00:05:49,320 --> 00:05:52,160 Speaker 1: extra little particle um and you know, we've done this 100 00:05:52,279 --> 00:05:54,720 Speaker 1: lots of times in physics and also in chemistry, and like, 101 00:05:54,760 --> 00:05:57,880 Speaker 1: look at the periodic table for years and years there 102 00:05:57,880 --> 00:06:00,280 Speaker 1: were holes in that table. You say, huh, how can 103 00:06:00,320 --> 00:06:03,200 Speaker 1: we have element number forty four and forty six? Where 104 00:06:03,279 --> 00:06:05,760 Speaker 1: is element forty five? So you go out, you look forward, 105 00:06:05,800 --> 00:06:08,400 Speaker 1: You're trying to make it right. There's lots of times 106 00:06:08,440 --> 00:06:11,320 Speaker 1: when the theory guides you suggests there's a gap here 107 00:06:11,320 --> 00:06:13,599 Speaker 1: where there might be something new and real out there 108 00:06:13,600 --> 00:06:15,719 Speaker 1: for you to discover, and a lot of times you 109 00:06:15,800 --> 00:06:18,320 Speaker 1: find it right, like that there was an element forty 110 00:06:18,320 --> 00:06:21,360 Speaker 1: five and there was a Higgs boson. Yeah, I don't 111 00:06:21,400 --> 00:06:23,719 Speaker 1: know about a lot of times, but non zero number 112 00:06:23,720 --> 00:06:26,440 Speaker 1: of times, right, I wish it was more times. Um, 113 00:06:26,480 --> 00:06:28,960 Speaker 1: Although you know, this is sort of the theoretical direction, 114 00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:31,040 Speaker 1: and I think it's fascinating and it tells us something 115 00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:34,800 Speaker 1: about how, you know, the theories in our minds are 116 00:06:34,960 --> 00:06:38,159 Speaker 1: intimately connected with the reality out there in the universe. Although, 117 00:06:38,160 --> 00:06:40,960 Speaker 1: because I'm an experimentalist, I really prefer the first way, 118 00:06:41,320 --> 00:06:43,599 Speaker 1: you know, finding something new and weird out there, just 119 00:06:43,960 --> 00:06:47,040 Speaker 1: jumping in a sort of metaphorical ship and sailing across 120 00:06:47,120 --> 00:06:50,200 Speaker 1: the metaphorical ocean of ignorance to find something new and 121 00:06:50,240 --> 00:06:53,680 Speaker 1: crazy that makes the theorists to rewrite their laws. Right, 122 00:06:53,680 --> 00:06:56,760 Speaker 1: that's my personal scientific fantasy. But today we're focusing on 123 00:06:56,800 --> 00:06:59,359 Speaker 1: the other. Yeah. So then you can win a metaphorical 124 00:07:00,920 --> 00:07:03,560 Speaker 1: or get a metaphorical PhD. That's right. Well, you know, 125 00:07:03,560 --> 00:07:06,280 Speaker 1: then I'll have metaphorical groupies, which are better than not groupies, 126 00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:10,000 Speaker 1: you know. Hey, and you get the metaphorical prize. Metaphorical 127 00:07:10,000 --> 00:07:12,880 Speaker 1: prize money comes with the medical for price. Yeah. Well, 128 00:07:13,160 --> 00:07:15,760 Speaker 1: today we are going to be talking about a topic 129 00:07:15,840 --> 00:07:19,120 Speaker 1: that kind of falls in that later a category, right, 130 00:07:19,360 --> 00:07:23,200 Speaker 1: like the one where we physicists have dreamed about it, 131 00:07:23,280 --> 00:07:25,520 Speaker 1: have thought about it, have imagined it, but we don't 132 00:07:25,560 --> 00:07:28,520 Speaker 1: really know if it exists or if it's out there. Yeah, 133 00:07:28,560 --> 00:07:30,880 Speaker 1: I don't even know if it falls into that category yet. 134 00:07:30,920 --> 00:07:33,960 Speaker 1: It's like threatening to fall into that category. It's like 135 00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:39,400 Speaker 1: you know, um, yeah, rolling down the cliff towards that category. 136 00:07:39,520 --> 00:07:41,960 Speaker 1: You know, it's sort of like in the super category 137 00:07:41,960 --> 00:07:43,760 Speaker 1: of that category. I even know if it really exists 138 00:07:43,800 --> 00:07:45,840 Speaker 1: yet as an idea, but it's a fun topic to 139 00:07:45,880 --> 00:07:48,280 Speaker 1: think about. Yeah. So it's a super fascinating topic and 140 00:07:48,320 --> 00:07:50,280 Speaker 1: it came to us through a question from a reader. 141 00:07:50,520 --> 00:07:59,920 Speaker 1: So today we'll be talking about white holes. What is 142 00:08:00,080 --> 00:08:03,200 Speaker 1: white hole? How can you have a hole that's white? 143 00:08:03,720 --> 00:08:07,080 Speaker 1: That's right, Um, that's the topic of today's podcast, and 144 00:08:07,120 --> 00:08:08,920 Speaker 1: we want to give a special shout out to one 145 00:08:08,960 --> 00:08:12,800 Speaker 1: of our listeners. You see, I alum Ryan Keith, whose 146 00:08:12,840 --> 00:08:15,480 Speaker 1: birthday is this week, and this shout out comes to 147 00:08:15,520 --> 00:08:18,480 Speaker 1: her from her sister, Kate Azar, who's also a u 148 00:08:18,520 --> 00:08:20,760 Speaker 1: c I alum, and the two of them told me 149 00:08:20,840 --> 00:08:23,240 Speaker 1: that they sometimes wish they were still on campus at 150 00:08:23,280 --> 00:08:25,560 Speaker 1: u c I so they could get accosted by a 151 00:08:25,680 --> 00:08:30,360 Speaker 1: random physicist asking them questions. But the only wish sets 152 00:08:30,400 --> 00:08:33,880 Speaker 1: sometimes most of the time they're happy they're not being 153 00:08:33,920 --> 00:08:37,640 Speaker 1: a cost by physics. Happy they don't want it often 154 00:08:37,760 --> 00:08:40,240 Speaker 1: enough to actually go to campus and hang out, you know, 155 00:08:40,559 --> 00:08:43,000 Speaker 1: or come knock on my door and offer to answer 156 00:08:43,080 --> 00:08:45,760 Speaker 1: these questions. It's not that hard, you know. My office 157 00:08:45,840 --> 00:08:47,920 Speaker 1: number is listed on the web, so anybody wants to 158 00:08:47,960 --> 00:08:50,640 Speaker 1: come by and answer questions is welcome to But nobody 159 00:08:50,679 --> 00:08:52,840 Speaker 1: ever does. I feel like that's when we know we'll 160 00:08:52,880 --> 00:08:55,640 Speaker 1: have we made it, Daniel, when people show up at 161 00:08:55,679 --> 00:09:00,800 Speaker 1: your office and they're like, hey, ask me a question. Yeah, well, 162 00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:03,319 Speaker 1: I'll let you know that ever happens. Well, this is 163 00:09:03,360 --> 00:09:19,640 Speaker 1: a perfect point to take a break. Well, so, white holes. 164 00:09:19,720 --> 00:09:23,120 Speaker 1: This is a pretty crazy topic because I think everyone 165 00:09:23,120 --> 00:09:27,120 Speaker 1: has heard of black holes, right exactly where most people 166 00:09:27,160 --> 00:09:29,400 Speaker 1: have heard of them, But how many people have heard 167 00:09:29,400 --> 00:09:32,480 Speaker 1: of white holes? Yeah? And black holes are definitely part 168 00:09:32,559 --> 00:09:35,040 Speaker 1: of the sort of culture, and people have heard about them, 169 00:09:35,040 --> 00:09:37,840 Speaker 1: and they're in movies and you know, probably in rap 170 00:09:37,880 --> 00:09:40,600 Speaker 1: songs and all sorts of stuff. They've deeply penetrated the 171 00:09:40,640 --> 00:09:45,160 Speaker 1: sort of social brain on physics. Um, And so I 172 00:09:45,240 --> 00:09:47,480 Speaker 1: was curious, like, what do people know about white holes? 173 00:09:47,480 --> 00:09:50,319 Speaker 1: Has anybody heard of them before? Does anybody understand it? Yes? 174 00:09:50,440 --> 00:09:53,120 Speaker 1: As usual, Daniel went out there and talked to people 175 00:09:53,160 --> 00:09:55,320 Speaker 1: in the street and asked them if they knew what 176 00:09:55,400 --> 00:09:58,280 Speaker 1: a white hole was. And so, before you listen to 177 00:09:58,320 --> 00:10:00,560 Speaker 1: these answers, think about it for a second. If you 178 00:10:00,600 --> 00:10:04,320 Speaker 1: were accosted by a physicist, or if you went into 179 00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:06,800 Speaker 1: Daniel's office and asked him to ask you a question 180 00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:09,960 Speaker 1: and he asked you what is a white hole? What 181 00:10:10,080 --> 00:10:13,080 Speaker 1: would you answer? You'd say, Oops, I regret doing this. 182 00:10:13,200 --> 00:10:15,400 Speaker 1: Here's what people had to say, And usually I would say, 183 00:10:15,640 --> 00:10:19,559 Speaker 1: no googling, But in this case, googling won't even help you. No, 184 00:10:19,640 --> 00:10:21,960 Speaker 1: I've never heard that. I've heard a black hole though, Okay, 185 00:10:22,080 --> 00:10:24,760 Speaker 1: And what's your best guess what a white hole might be? Then? Um, 186 00:10:24,760 --> 00:10:26,880 Speaker 1: if black hole is black and white hole is white, 187 00:10:27,840 --> 00:10:30,640 Speaker 1: I've not actually okay, you only guess is what it 188 00:10:30,720 --> 00:10:34,200 Speaker 1: might be. I mean, so, if a black hole is 189 00:10:35,240 --> 00:10:41,360 Speaker 1: a curvature of space time that light cannot escape from, 190 00:10:41,480 --> 00:10:43,880 Speaker 1: I imagine a white hole would be the inverse of that. 191 00:10:44,080 --> 00:10:46,760 Speaker 1: But like, like that's I can't even wrap my brain 192 00:10:46,800 --> 00:10:48,839 Speaker 1: around quite what that would mean. No, I heard a 193 00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:52,240 Speaker 1: black hole, not Honestly, all I think about is like 194 00:10:52,280 --> 00:10:54,360 Speaker 1: a black hole. When I think of white hole? Is 195 00:10:54,400 --> 00:10:58,360 Speaker 1: that I'm not my share? No, I like, yes, but 196 00:10:59,080 --> 00:11:01,920 Speaker 1: no white hole. Yeah, it's like the opposite of a 197 00:11:01,960 --> 00:11:04,560 Speaker 1: black hole. What does that mean? It's like the Big 198 00:11:04,640 --> 00:11:08,160 Speaker 1: Bang essentially. That's kind of the only example that we 199 00:11:08,240 --> 00:11:11,360 Speaker 1: have of it. I'm pretty sure I remember hearing about it. 200 00:11:11,440 --> 00:11:13,560 Speaker 1: I have no idea what it is. Maybe there's like 201 00:11:13,840 --> 00:11:17,880 Speaker 1: too much energy from stars. I don't know actually what 202 00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:20,400 Speaker 1: it might be, all right. Not not a lot of 203 00:11:20,440 --> 00:11:24,800 Speaker 1: familiarity with white holes, yeah, you know, and not a 204 00:11:24,800 --> 00:11:26,600 Speaker 1: lot of people have a solid idea of what a 205 00:11:26,640 --> 00:11:29,920 Speaker 1: white hole is, and you know, um, as you'll hear 206 00:11:30,040 --> 00:11:32,560 Speaker 1: later on in the podcast, that puts them in some 207 00:11:32,679 --> 00:11:35,360 Speaker 1: pretty good company. Well, I like the person who said, um, 208 00:11:35,400 --> 00:11:37,360 Speaker 1: if a black hole is black, then a white hole 209 00:11:37,440 --> 00:11:44,080 Speaker 1: is white. Boom's and you know what that person was 210 00:11:44,120 --> 00:11:47,360 Speaker 1: thinking on their feet and that, and they're not too 211 00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:50,880 Speaker 1: far off, you know, like that's basically the logic, right, 212 00:11:50,960 --> 00:11:53,719 Speaker 1: That's that's the whole concept of a white hole is like, 213 00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:58,200 Speaker 1: here's a thing, could we have the opposite thing? Right? 214 00:11:58,720 --> 00:12:01,319 Speaker 1: Because you know, hey, and physics, there are lots of opposites. 215 00:12:01,559 --> 00:12:06,720 Speaker 1: Particles have antiparticles, right, you know, um pass down plus 216 00:12:06,720 --> 00:12:10,120 Speaker 1: has minus. You know, um, not everything has an opposite, 217 00:12:10,160 --> 00:12:12,920 Speaker 1: like mass doesn't have negative mass, but there are a 218 00:12:12,960 --> 00:12:16,200 Speaker 1: lot of things that have opposites. The universe likes to 219 00:12:16,240 --> 00:12:19,679 Speaker 1: have symmetry, it seems, and so it's totally reasonable when 220 00:12:19,720 --> 00:12:21,760 Speaker 1: you discover something to look for the sort of the 221 00:12:21,800 --> 00:12:25,720 Speaker 1: opposite of the negative of it, the mirror reflection of it. Um. Well, 222 00:12:25,720 --> 00:12:29,199 Speaker 1: technically that that a listener um that present is correct, right, 223 00:12:29,240 --> 00:12:31,440 Speaker 1: It's it's like a black holes black and a white 224 00:12:31,480 --> 00:12:34,320 Speaker 1: hole is white. That's pretty much all you need to know. Yeah, 225 00:12:34,320 --> 00:12:37,040 Speaker 1: that's it, and that's our podcast for today, folks, Thanks 226 00:12:37,120 --> 00:12:40,280 Speaker 1: very much, thank you very much. Well, this is kind 227 00:12:40,280 --> 00:12:42,920 Speaker 1: of a crazy subject, and to be honest, I had 228 00:12:42,960 --> 00:12:46,720 Speaker 1: not heard about white holes at all until I think recently. 229 00:12:46,800 --> 00:12:49,400 Speaker 1: Maybe you brought it up or in one of our episodes, 230 00:12:49,559 --> 00:12:51,600 Speaker 1: I mean thirty minutes ago, I said, let's do a 231 00:12:51,600 --> 00:12:55,480 Speaker 1: podcast about them. When you sent me the notes for this, yeah, 232 00:12:55,559 --> 00:12:58,280 Speaker 1: that's when I heard about it. Um, but what is 233 00:12:58,280 --> 00:13:00,880 Speaker 1: it like a new idea? Is it something that's been 234 00:13:00,920 --> 00:13:03,920 Speaker 1: around for a while, or is it, you know, something 235 00:13:04,080 --> 00:13:07,559 Speaker 1: you just came up with. That's right, One of these days, 236 00:13:07,600 --> 00:13:10,760 Speaker 1: I'm gonna prank you by inventing a totally ridiculous, made 237 00:13:10,840 --> 00:13:13,280 Speaker 1: up idea and have you do a whole podcast about 238 00:13:13,280 --> 00:13:15,800 Speaker 1: In the end, I'll reveal that it's just some silly 239 00:13:15,800 --> 00:13:23,560 Speaker 1: thought of mine, um, thirty minutes and you're like, gotcha, Yeah, 240 00:13:23,600 --> 00:13:25,880 Speaker 1: it will be a totally valid podcast episode that we 241 00:13:25,920 --> 00:13:29,320 Speaker 1: will totally publish it. Now, that would be the control episode, right, 242 00:13:29,320 --> 00:13:32,760 Speaker 1: we'll see how interested and um and in depth can 243 00:13:32,840 --> 00:13:38,079 Speaker 1: Jorge go on a topic that's complete nonsense that we 244 00:13:38,120 --> 00:13:40,800 Speaker 1: are control episode to see about anyone's listening to these 245 00:13:42,040 --> 00:13:44,719 Speaker 1: or it's the Placebo podcast. Right, how much can you 246 00:13:44,760 --> 00:13:49,440 Speaker 1: think you understand about something that actually means nothing? Um No, 247 00:13:49,559 --> 00:13:51,400 Speaker 1: but it's not that old. I mean, the whole idea 248 00:13:51,400 --> 00:13:53,520 Speaker 1: of black holes itself is not that old. It's like, 249 00:13:53,920 --> 00:13:56,000 Speaker 1: you know, bad as old as general relativity, which is 250 00:13:56,040 --> 00:13:59,160 Speaker 1: just about a hundred years right now. The black holes 251 00:13:59,200 --> 00:14:01,720 Speaker 1: only discuss heard a few decades ago. Right, It's an 252 00:14:01,720 --> 00:14:03,960 Speaker 1: actual thing in the universe. And so the first of all, 253 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:07,160 Speaker 1: black holes are a great example of the sort of 254 00:14:07,240 --> 00:14:11,200 Speaker 1: theoretical lead discovery, like, wow, the equations tell us this 255 00:14:11,280 --> 00:14:14,640 Speaker 1: could exist. Like we did a bunch of experiments, we 256 00:14:14,800 --> 00:14:18,199 Speaker 1: learned something about the universe. We wrote equations that described 257 00:14:18,200 --> 00:14:20,960 Speaker 1: what we learned, and then we explore those equations and 258 00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:24,920 Speaker 1: discovered in some weird corners those equations just describe something 259 00:14:24,960 --> 00:14:27,560 Speaker 1: strange we've never seen before. Let's see if that means 260 00:14:27,560 --> 00:14:30,400 Speaker 1: the equations are wrong or there that things the equations 261 00:14:30,400 --> 00:14:32,440 Speaker 1: are right, and that thing is actually out there. Right, 262 00:14:32,640 --> 00:14:34,840 Speaker 1: So that's the sort of history of black holes. It's 263 00:14:34,840 --> 00:14:39,160 Speaker 1: crazy to think that I'm older than our our confirmation 264 00:14:39,160 --> 00:14:41,800 Speaker 1: of black holes. Like, for part of my life, we 265 00:14:41,840 --> 00:14:45,920 Speaker 1: didn't have black holes. Existed. That's right. I might say 266 00:14:45,920 --> 00:14:47,880 Speaker 1: that it's a more important moment in the history of 267 00:14:47,880 --> 00:14:51,560 Speaker 1: physics discovery of black holes than the birth of birth. 268 00:14:52,520 --> 00:14:54,680 Speaker 1: That remains to be seen, Like we'll see what physics 269 00:14:54,760 --> 00:14:58,960 Speaker 1: relished to be TVD. It's tv D. That's right. Life, 270 00:14:59,040 --> 00:15:01,760 Speaker 1: your life and over it. So you've got time to 271 00:15:01,920 --> 00:15:05,800 Speaker 1: ratch that up. Um. White holes I think proposed originally 272 00:15:05,800 --> 00:15:09,080 Speaker 1: in the sixties. And you know, the the whole idea 273 00:15:09,240 --> 00:15:11,760 Speaker 1: is not too far from what from what that listener, 274 00:15:12,000 --> 00:15:14,880 Speaker 1: what that interviewee said, which is like, Okay, we have 275 00:15:14,960 --> 00:15:16,880 Speaker 1: this thing a black holes. Right. Black hole is a 276 00:15:16,920 --> 00:15:20,040 Speaker 1: region where things can enter but nothing can escape, right, 277 00:15:20,080 --> 00:15:23,160 Speaker 1: and that's why they seem black. That's the definition of 278 00:15:23,200 --> 00:15:26,240 Speaker 1: a black hole. It's like a the part of space 279 00:15:26,320 --> 00:15:29,200 Speaker 1: where there's so much gravity nothing can come out of it. 280 00:15:29,480 --> 00:15:31,720 Speaker 1: That's right. And the way I like to think about 281 00:15:31,720 --> 00:15:34,640 Speaker 1: it is not like the gravity is pulling so hard 282 00:15:34,640 --> 00:15:38,080 Speaker 1: that even photons can't climb up that mountain, but that 283 00:15:38,360 --> 00:15:41,360 Speaker 1: gravity is there's so much gravity there. The space is 284 00:15:41,400 --> 00:15:43,880 Speaker 1: bent in such a way that there's just no paths out. 285 00:15:44,120 --> 00:15:47,160 Speaker 1: You know, photons are zooming around inside the black hole, 286 00:15:47,200 --> 00:15:49,280 Speaker 1: but it's just space is bent in a way that 287 00:15:49,320 --> 00:15:52,080 Speaker 1: makes it sort of self contained. It's like cut off 288 00:15:52,200 --> 00:15:54,480 Speaker 1: from the rest of the universe, like a hole in 289 00:15:54,560 --> 00:15:56,920 Speaker 1: space literally, yeah, or sort of like you know, a 290 00:15:57,000 --> 00:16:00,120 Speaker 1: sub universe, right, Like there's just no way out of it. 291 00:16:00,160 --> 00:16:01,960 Speaker 1: You know, it's an escape room whether it just is 292 00:16:02,000 --> 00:16:05,040 Speaker 1: no key, Um, it doesn't matter how smart you are. 293 00:16:05,760 --> 00:16:09,680 Speaker 1: And so people thought, well, is it possible to the opposite, right, 294 00:16:09,720 --> 00:16:11,600 Speaker 1: and the opposite of a black hole, and you name 295 00:16:11,640 --> 00:16:15,040 Speaker 1: it a white hole? Right? Um, is a region where 296 00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:18,440 Speaker 1: nothing can enter, right, So things can escape, things can 297 00:16:18,440 --> 00:16:20,960 Speaker 1: shoot out of it, but nothing can go into it. 298 00:16:21,040 --> 00:16:22,840 Speaker 1: Like if you try to go into it, but what happened? 299 00:16:22,880 --> 00:16:25,080 Speaker 1: You get bounced back? Or yeah, well the way like 300 00:16:25,200 --> 00:16:28,360 Speaker 1: nothing can leave a black hole, right because the space 301 00:16:28,360 --> 00:16:31,160 Speaker 1: there is disconnected. You can't get into a white hole 302 00:16:31,520 --> 00:16:33,760 Speaker 1: like you'll you know, the paths that approach a white 303 00:16:33,760 --> 00:16:36,840 Speaker 1: hole get bent away from it rather than all getting 304 00:16:36,880 --> 00:16:38,800 Speaker 1: bent to it, they just get bent away from it. 305 00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:41,680 Speaker 1: Yeah okay, but you know, and that makes you wonder like, Okay, 306 00:16:41,680 --> 00:16:43,880 Speaker 1: when you invert a white a black hole, you get 307 00:16:43,920 --> 00:16:46,440 Speaker 1: a white hole. You like, inverted the word black into 308 00:16:46,440 --> 00:16:49,640 Speaker 1: the word white. Why don't you invert hole also? Right? 309 00:16:49,720 --> 00:16:52,720 Speaker 1: Like why isn't a black hole inverted into a I 310 00:16:52,760 --> 00:16:55,240 Speaker 1: don't know, like a white what's the opposite of a hole, 311 00:16:55,400 --> 00:17:01,440 Speaker 1: a bump? I don't know, a stump, white bump. And 312 00:17:01,600 --> 00:17:04,200 Speaker 1: that explains that why they don't use it. They can't 313 00:17:04,200 --> 00:17:08,399 Speaker 1: get any funding for white bumps. Yeah, exactly. And so 314 00:17:08,440 --> 00:17:10,080 Speaker 1: the next thing you can do is you can say, well, 315 00:17:10,560 --> 00:17:14,000 Speaker 1: is that possible? Like, you know, could that thing exist 316 00:17:14,080 --> 00:17:18,400 Speaker 1: at all? It is? Do the equations in fact predict 317 00:17:18,440 --> 00:17:23,000 Speaker 1: the existence of this kind of thing? Something where nothing, um, 318 00:17:23,040 --> 00:17:26,639 Speaker 1: nothing can enter, but things can escape, right, And just 319 00:17:26,720 --> 00:17:28,639 Speaker 1: like take a moment to think about like what that 320 00:17:28,680 --> 00:17:32,760 Speaker 1: would mean physically, Like here's something where nothing is allowed 321 00:17:32,800 --> 00:17:35,600 Speaker 1: to go in, but it's like shooting out particles all 322 00:17:35,640 --> 00:17:38,239 Speaker 1: the time, right, Like things can leave it. It's like, 323 00:17:38,760 --> 00:17:41,320 Speaker 1: you know it's what it has things inside, Yeah, but 324 00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:44,320 Speaker 1: it's um If it doesn't have things inside, it doesn't exist, right, 325 00:17:44,400 --> 00:17:47,240 Speaker 1: Like it only exists if it has some mass to it. 326 00:17:47,440 --> 00:17:50,639 Speaker 1: It's not just that things can leave, but is that 327 00:17:50,720 --> 00:17:54,400 Speaker 1: anything inside of it? It gets shot out kind of right, 328 00:17:54,720 --> 00:17:56,720 Speaker 1: Like it's if it's the over site of a black hole, 329 00:17:56,720 --> 00:17:59,280 Speaker 1: where like it gets sucked in and can't escape, then 330 00:17:59,600 --> 00:18:04,000 Speaker 1: is the is it that anything inside just automatically gets expelled. Yeah, 331 00:18:04,040 --> 00:18:07,760 Speaker 1: I think everything inside eventually gets kicked out. And so 332 00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:09,960 Speaker 1: you know what would that be like what would it 333 00:18:10,000 --> 00:18:11,800 Speaker 1: look like? You know, a white hole in that sense 334 00:18:11,840 --> 00:18:15,200 Speaker 1: would be like a bright source of you know, radiation 335 00:18:15,280 --> 00:18:18,159 Speaker 1: of particles and light and all sorts of stuff. And 336 00:18:18,200 --> 00:18:19,919 Speaker 1: so in that sense of white hole is like a 337 00:18:19,920 --> 00:18:22,239 Speaker 1: pretty good name for it. But you know it's like 338 00:18:22,280 --> 00:18:25,720 Speaker 1: a bright source, you know, so it looks it's very bright. 339 00:18:25,720 --> 00:18:28,160 Speaker 1: It's like white. Right, that's the idea of the name. 340 00:18:28,200 --> 00:18:31,520 Speaker 1: I think why the name makes some sense. But you know, 341 00:18:31,560 --> 00:18:34,560 Speaker 1: you can ask, like number one, is that consistent with 342 00:18:34,600 --> 00:18:36,639 Speaker 1: any of the theories that we have? Right? That was 343 00:18:36,640 --> 00:18:39,000 Speaker 1: just an idea, like, oh, here's a cool idea. Could 344 00:18:39,040 --> 00:18:41,439 Speaker 1: we have a rainbow hole? Could we have a purple hole? Right? 345 00:18:42,000 --> 00:18:43,800 Speaker 1: Could we have a white hole? And then you have 346 00:18:43,840 --> 00:18:46,119 Speaker 1: to ask, like, you know, one to the equation support 347 00:18:46,240 --> 00:18:49,560 Speaker 1: and two is it possible that actually exists out there 348 00:18:49,560 --> 00:18:51,840 Speaker 1: in the universe? Okay, So that's that's kind of the 349 00:18:52,160 --> 00:18:55,040 Speaker 1: short of it. Right. It's like imagine a black hole 350 00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:59,080 Speaker 1: and then just imagine the opposite of it. That's the 351 00:18:59,119 --> 00:19:01,880 Speaker 1: idea of a white hole. Right, I mean right, like 352 00:19:02,600 --> 00:19:04,520 Speaker 1: anything you imagine. I don't know about a black hole, 353 00:19:04,640 --> 00:19:07,119 Speaker 1: just trying not in said, but you know you have 354 00:19:07,200 --> 00:19:09,639 Speaker 1: to ask, like the opposite along what axis? Right, Like 355 00:19:09,720 --> 00:19:12,440 Speaker 1: what are you oppositing? You know, what are you inverting 356 00:19:12,720 --> 00:19:14,840 Speaker 1: to make a black hole into a white hole? Right? 357 00:19:15,400 --> 00:19:18,400 Speaker 1: Because you know you might not just everything. Yeah, what's 358 00:19:18,400 --> 00:19:20,320 Speaker 1: the opposite of chocolate? Is it peanut butter? Or is 359 00:19:20,320 --> 00:19:23,440 Speaker 1: it white chocolate or is it like you know, obviously 360 00:19:23,440 --> 00:19:30,919 Speaker 1: it's white chocolate. That's still chocolate, right. I think my 361 00:19:30,960 --> 00:19:33,920 Speaker 1: wife would disagree. I think she has strong opinions about 362 00:19:33,960 --> 00:19:36,880 Speaker 1: whether white chocolate should be called chocolate. If you tried 363 00:19:36,920 --> 00:19:40,240 Speaker 1: this rose chocolate, rose chocolate, I'm not making that up. 364 00:19:40,280 --> 00:19:43,760 Speaker 1: That's the thing that's really round chocolate, white chocolate. And 365 00:19:43,760 --> 00:19:47,080 Speaker 1: then in the history of chocolate science, they recently came 366 00:19:47,119 --> 00:19:50,000 Speaker 1: up with a new kind of chocolate, rose chocolate. Wow. 367 00:19:50,480 --> 00:19:52,200 Speaker 1: Was it a physicist who came up with that or 368 00:19:53,680 --> 00:19:55,840 Speaker 1: and I don't know if it was a chocolate As 369 00:19:55,880 --> 00:19:58,520 Speaker 1: well as our understanding of the universe, well, you know, 370 00:19:58,600 --> 00:20:01,320 Speaker 1: there is that famous correlation between the amount of chocolate 371 00:20:01,359 --> 00:20:04,640 Speaker 1: consumed per capita and the number of Nobel Prizes per capita. 372 00:20:04,920 --> 00:20:08,280 Speaker 1: So yeah, maybe it was. Um, I don't know, we 373 00:20:08,280 --> 00:20:10,480 Speaker 1: should do a whole podcast on rose chocolate, but maybe 374 00:20:10,480 --> 00:20:12,880 Speaker 1: we should actually eat some first. Wait wait, wait, hold 375 00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:16,080 Speaker 1: on a second, Actually I think that's not rose chocolate. 376 00:20:16,080 --> 00:20:19,080 Speaker 1: I think it's called ruby chocolate. Yeah, that's right, it's 377 00:20:19,359 --> 00:20:23,000 Speaker 1: ruby chocolate. All right, let's get into whether this even 378 00:20:23,040 --> 00:20:26,480 Speaker 1: makes any sense theoretically or practically, and let's get into 379 00:20:26,520 --> 00:20:29,400 Speaker 1: the whether or not these actually exists. But first let's 380 00:20:29,440 --> 00:20:45,199 Speaker 1: take a quick break. Alright, we're talking about white holes, Daniel, 381 00:20:45,359 --> 00:20:48,119 Speaker 1: and so you're saying it's like a black hole, but 382 00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:50,959 Speaker 1: it's kind of like where you almost the opposite of it. 383 00:20:51,040 --> 00:20:54,159 Speaker 1: If a black hole, um, doesn't let things escape, and 384 00:20:54,359 --> 00:20:57,400 Speaker 1: that's why it looks black. The white hole just pushes 385 00:20:57,440 --> 00:21:00,680 Speaker 1: everything out. That's why it looks white. Yeah, it look exactly. 386 00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:03,200 Speaker 1: And so I was trying to understand, like, what is 387 00:21:03,200 --> 00:21:06,080 Speaker 1: the white hole? How do you make one? What arrangement 388 00:21:06,160 --> 00:21:08,760 Speaker 1: of mass in space would give you a white hole? 389 00:21:08,760 --> 00:21:11,000 Speaker 1: Because like we understand how to make a black hole, 390 00:21:11,160 --> 00:21:13,520 Speaker 1: You take a bunch of stuff, you squeeze it down 391 00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:16,920 Speaker 1: to really small area, so you have so much gravity 392 00:21:17,000 --> 00:21:19,880 Speaker 1: that you get this crazy curvature space and nothing can leave. Right, 393 00:21:19,960 --> 00:21:23,640 Speaker 1: it's weird, it's crazy, it's real. But we understand how 394 00:21:23,720 --> 00:21:26,680 Speaker 1: you might do that. How do you build a white hole? Right? 395 00:21:26,760 --> 00:21:29,200 Speaker 1: What creates a white hole? What does it even mean? 396 00:21:29,560 --> 00:21:31,840 Speaker 1: Can I ask you a question? Um so, a lot 397 00:21:31,840 --> 00:21:35,160 Speaker 1: of times they explain black holes using the rubber sheet 398 00:21:35,200 --> 00:21:37,880 Speaker 1: analogy of the universe, you know, like where you imagine 399 00:21:37,920 --> 00:21:41,160 Speaker 1: that space is like a giant rubber sheet, and gravity 400 00:21:41,280 --> 00:21:43,560 Speaker 1: is kind of like the putting a bowling ball on 401 00:21:43,600 --> 00:21:46,439 Speaker 1: the rubber sheet and and seeing the indentation of it 402 00:21:46,520 --> 00:21:48,720 Speaker 1: on the sheet, right, And a lot of times they 403 00:21:48,720 --> 00:21:50,720 Speaker 1: explain black holes as least like if you put a 404 00:21:51,040 --> 00:21:53,520 Speaker 1: like a Brazilian bowling balls, it's just going to create 405 00:21:53,560 --> 00:21:58,080 Speaker 1: this giant hole DVID in the rubber sheet, right. Yeah. 406 00:21:58,720 --> 00:22:00,760 Speaker 1: Um so it's a white hole kind of the opposite 407 00:22:00,760 --> 00:22:02,240 Speaker 1: where you like, now you pinch a bit of that 408 00:22:02,359 --> 00:22:04,719 Speaker 1: rubber sheet and then you lift it up to create 409 00:22:04,840 --> 00:22:07,560 Speaker 1: like a like a peek instead of a hole. No, 410 00:22:07,960 --> 00:22:10,159 Speaker 1: And that's part of the really confusing bit is that 411 00:22:10,240 --> 00:22:12,879 Speaker 1: a white hole is also because that that would be 412 00:22:12,920 --> 00:22:17,040 Speaker 1: like negative gravity or having negative mass, but it's not 413 00:22:17,080 --> 00:22:19,840 Speaker 1: a white hole. A white hole is also just a 414 00:22:19,880 --> 00:22:23,200 Speaker 1: blob of mass, and it has a gravitational force towards 415 00:22:23,280 --> 00:22:27,040 Speaker 1: the white hole right, not away from it. This is 416 00:22:27,080 --> 00:22:29,760 Speaker 1: the really confusing part. A white hole is the same 417 00:22:29,920 --> 00:22:32,720 Speaker 1: arrangement of mass as a black hole, and it's sort 418 00:22:32,760 --> 00:22:37,080 Speaker 1: of only exists sort of encounterpart to the black hole. Like, 419 00:22:37,119 --> 00:22:38,919 Speaker 1: it's not clear that a white hole could ever exist 420 00:22:39,000 --> 00:22:41,119 Speaker 1: on its own. It might be sort of just like 421 00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:46,120 Speaker 1: a strange conceptual reflection of a black hole. Wait, you're 422 00:22:46,119 --> 00:22:48,200 Speaker 1: saying that if I, if I was in the presence 423 00:22:48,240 --> 00:22:50,600 Speaker 1: of a white hole, I would get attracted to it, 424 00:22:50,680 --> 00:22:52,720 Speaker 1: but I just couldn't enter it. Yeah, that's right, And 425 00:22:52,800 --> 00:22:56,240 Speaker 1: I think so there's one really crazy, weird conception of 426 00:22:56,280 --> 00:22:58,240 Speaker 1: a white hole. I think the simplest place to start 427 00:22:58,560 --> 00:23:01,359 Speaker 1: is actually to start with a word whole. Now, we 428 00:23:01,520 --> 00:23:05,240 Speaker 1: once talked in our podcast about like our wormholes real, right, 429 00:23:05,720 --> 00:23:08,439 Speaker 1: and it's possible the wormholes exist. Wormholes are allowed by 430 00:23:08,480 --> 00:23:13,760 Speaker 1: general relativity, and wormholes in some conception are essentially a 431 00:23:13,840 --> 00:23:16,440 Speaker 1: black hole, right where you can fall into the black hole, 432 00:23:16,560 --> 00:23:19,840 Speaker 1: except it's a wormhole. It's not just a you get 433 00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:22,440 Speaker 1: fall into the black hole and you're stuck there. Inside 434 00:23:22,440 --> 00:23:24,399 Speaker 1: the black hole is a connection to somewhere else in 435 00:23:24,400 --> 00:23:27,119 Speaker 1: the universe where you then get spout out. What's that 436 00:23:27,240 --> 00:23:30,600 Speaker 1: other side of the wormhole? Well, it's a white hole. 437 00:23:31,119 --> 00:23:33,919 Speaker 1: So you get sucked into the black hole and then 438 00:23:33,960 --> 00:23:37,199 Speaker 1: you get shot out the white hole, right, and that 439 00:23:37,480 --> 00:23:39,800 Speaker 1: and that sort of explains like how the black hole 440 00:23:39,800 --> 00:23:41,560 Speaker 1: in the white hole are really two halves of the 441 00:23:41,600 --> 00:23:45,200 Speaker 1: same thing. Right, A wormhole needs and and in and out. 442 00:23:45,840 --> 00:23:48,159 Speaker 1: That's right for it, you know, to be effective. Right, 443 00:23:48,160 --> 00:23:53,200 Speaker 1: you know, it's just a hole, that's right. And so 444 00:23:53,359 --> 00:23:55,800 Speaker 1: that's one conception of a white hole. It's like the 445 00:23:55,960 --> 00:23:59,800 Speaker 1: back end of a wormhole. Wait, do all black holes 446 00:24:00,080 --> 00:24:03,240 Speaker 1: night to a wormhole or only some of them or no, 447 00:24:03,400 --> 00:24:05,840 Speaker 1: we don't even know if they exist right now, most 448 00:24:05,880 --> 00:24:08,400 Speaker 1: of the black holes that we do know exist are 449 00:24:08,440 --> 00:24:10,199 Speaker 1: a different kind of black hole. They're the black kind 450 00:24:10,200 --> 00:24:12,879 Speaker 1: of black hole that's formed by gravitation collapse. Like if 451 00:24:12,920 --> 00:24:15,960 Speaker 1: a star and it's it's fusing, it doesn't want to 452 00:24:15,960 --> 00:24:18,400 Speaker 1: fuse anymore. It's used of aile, it's fuel, and now 453 00:24:18,440 --> 00:24:21,600 Speaker 1: it's collapsed into a really dense blob and it just creates, 454 00:24:21,680 --> 00:24:24,199 Speaker 1: you know, maybe a singularity we don't know what's going on, 455 00:24:24,560 --> 00:24:28,639 Speaker 1: but does not make a wormhole. But if wormholes do exist, 456 00:24:29,040 --> 00:24:32,000 Speaker 1: then one idea of them is a pair of holes, 457 00:24:32,040 --> 00:24:34,199 Speaker 1: the black hole in the white hole connected. But not 458 00:24:34,359 --> 00:24:37,600 Speaker 1: every black hole is a wormhole, Okay, all right, So 459 00:24:37,880 --> 00:24:40,679 Speaker 1: if a wormhole exists, one end would need to be 460 00:24:40,720 --> 00:24:42,639 Speaker 1: a black hole, in the other end would need to 461 00:24:42,680 --> 00:24:44,520 Speaker 1: be a white hole, right, And that's sort of how 462 00:24:44,560 --> 00:24:46,800 Speaker 1: you make sense of a black hole and a white 463 00:24:46,800 --> 00:24:50,240 Speaker 1: hole being formed from the same configuration of mass. Because 464 00:24:50,280 --> 00:24:52,800 Speaker 1: in order to bend space in that way, to bring 465 00:24:53,280 --> 00:24:56,160 Speaker 1: some distant part of space close so that you can 466 00:24:56,160 --> 00:24:58,840 Speaker 1: go from like here to Alpha Centauri without actually traveling 467 00:24:58,840 --> 00:25:02,560 Speaker 1: through all that space, takes a single configuration of mass. 468 00:25:02,800 --> 00:25:05,399 Speaker 1: How you do it, I don't know. Nobody knows. But 469 00:25:05,480 --> 00:25:07,520 Speaker 1: that's that's the reason why like a white hole in 470 00:25:07,560 --> 00:25:09,679 Speaker 1: a black hole or sort of a reflection of the 471 00:25:09,720 --> 00:25:13,000 Speaker 1: same arrangement of mass and energy that have, you know, 472 00:25:13,320 --> 00:25:16,120 Speaker 1: being configured to do this to create this wormhole thing. 473 00:25:16,440 --> 00:25:19,160 Speaker 1: And that's and that's the simplest sort of white hole 474 00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:23,600 Speaker 1: to understand. It gets crazier from there, it gets crazy. 475 00:25:23,680 --> 00:25:26,919 Speaker 1: There's there's multiple flavors of white holes. There's there's a 476 00:25:26,960 --> 00:25:29,159 Speaker 1: lot of different flavors of white hole and some of 477 00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:30,840 Speaker 1: them don't make any sense at all. Well, you were 478 00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:33,879 Speaker 1: telling me earlier that they don't make any sense to anybody, right, 479 00:25:34,080 --> 00:25:36,400 Speaker 1: Like these are these are a little bit far out 480 00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:39,560 Speaker 1: there and nobody really understands them. Yeah, you know, I 481 00:25:39,640 --> 00:25:43,960 Speaker 1: walked around campus and I went to some mathematicians offices 482 00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:47,280 Speaker 1: and some theoretical physicist offices and folks that like even 483 00:25:47,320 --> 00:25:50,440 Speaker 1: really think about the formal theory and um, and asked 484 00:25:50,480 --> 00:25:52,040 Speaker 1: them about white holes, like what do you know about 485 00:25:52,040 --> 00:25:53,480 Speaker 1: what holes? Do you have an idea? How would you 486 00:25:53,520 --> 00:25:56,840 Speaker 1: explain this? And um? They were stumped. Also, you know, 487 00:25:56,880 --> 00:25:59,919 Speaker 1: white holes are not something that most theoretical physicists thing 488 00:26:00,040 --> 00:26:02,840 Speaker 1: about it very much. They're not um a sort of 489 00:26:02,840 --> 00:26:06,320 Speaker 1: a topic of current research. They're not really taken very seriously. 490 00:26:06,720 --> 00:26:09,240 Speaker 1: It's sort of like it's not really a well formed 491 00:26:09,280 --> 00:26:12,960 Speaker 1: idea yet. It's like somebody said in one afternoon, like, oh, 492 00:26:13,040 --> 00:26:15,680 Speaker 1: maybe there's a white hole thing, and somebody else picked 493 00:26:15,680 --> 00:26:17,320 Speaker 1: it up and you know, walked a little further. But 494 00:26:17,400 --> 00:26:20,040 Speaker 1: it's not like finished yet. It's not like black holes, 495 00:26:20,080 --> 00:26:23,600 Speaker 1: where we had a really solid theoretical understanding of what 496 00:26:23,640 --> 00:26:25,719 Speaker 1: they would be like before we found them. This is 497 00:26:25,760 --> 00:26:29,560 Speaker 1: like maybe this might be a thing. Nobody's really even 498 00:26:29,560 --> 00:26:32,240 Speaker 1: thought it through all the way yet, So I asked 499 00:26:32,359 --> 00:26:35,200 Speaker 1: nobody sat down to do the math. It just kind 500 00:26:35,200 --> 00:26:37,800 Speaker 1: of gets mentioned. Yeah, and there's a few places where 501 00:26:37,800 --> 00:26:40,080 Speaker 1: people have worked it out, like this wormhole, black hole, 502 00:26:40,119 --> 00:26:42,200 Speaker 1: white the whole thing, and a couple of other cases 503 00:26:42,240 --> 00:26:44,240 Speaker 1: maybe we can talk about in a moment, But it's 504 00:26:44,320 --> 00:26:48,240 Speaker 1: not something that's really rigorously understood or or not something 505 00:26:48,280 --> 00:26:50,760 Speaker 1: that even people agree on what it means. You know, 506 00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:54,240 Speaker 1: you say white hole to one theorist, they might understand 507 00:26:54,320 --> 00:26:57,520 Speaker 1: something totally different than another theorist. So it's really just 508 00:26:58,280 --> 00:27:01,280 Speaker 1: it's sort of it's an idea of an idea so far. Alright, 509 00:27:01,320 --> 00:27:03,399 Speaker 1: So step us through how it works with these white 510 00:27:03,440 --> 00:27:06,520 Speaker 1: hole wormholes. So something goes into a black hole, it 511 00:27:06,600 --> 00:27:09,120 Speaker 1: goes through the wormhole, and it comes out the other end. 512 00:27:09,320 --> 00:27:11,440 Speaker 1: Does that kind of have what a white hole? Yeah, 513 00:27:11,520 --> 00:27:14,679 Speaker 1: and that's how a white hole would be spewing stuff out? Right, 514 00:27:14,720 --> 00:27:16,560 Speaker 1: What is it spewing out? Where is this stuff that 515 00:27:16,560 --> 00:27:18,880 Speaker 1: it spews outcome from? It comes from the black hole 516 00:27:18,920 --> 00:27:21,840 Speaker 1: on the other side, right, And that's why you know, 517 00:27:21,880 --> 00:27:24,680 Speaker 1: it doesn't necessarily have to have anything in it. Um 518 00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:26,760 Speaker 1: and you can still spew stuff out or conspuw stuff 519 00:27:26,800 --> 00:27:30,040 Speaker 1: out forever without disappearing, because whatever goes in the the 520 00:27:30,080 --> 00:27:32,640 Speaker 1: black hole on the other side comes out. But they're 521 00:27:32,680 --> 00:27:36,000 Speaker 1: in totally different parts of the universe, right, yes, but 522 00:27:36,160 --> 00:27:38,600 Speaker 1: sort of. I mean, remember we like to think of 523 00:27:38,640 --> 00:27:41,879 Speaker 1: space is sort of a flat sheet, right, It's like simple, 524 00:27:42,040 --> 00:27:43,679 Speaker 1: and you know, to go from here to there, you 525 00:27:43,720 --> 00:27:46,480 Speaker 1: need to go through space. But space can have all 526 00:27:46,520 --> 00:27:50,280 Speaker 1: sorts of different organizations, like it can be bent around 527 00:27:50,640 --> 00:27:53,080 Speaker 1: in a donut so that you know, you leave off 528 00:27:53,119 --> 00:27:55,120 Speaker 1: of one edge and you appear in the other edge, 529 00:27:55,480 --> 00:27:58,320 Speaker 1: And you can have all sorts of really complicated geometry 530 00:27:58,400 --> 00:28:01,680 Speaker 1: so that you can connect different parts of space. Things 531 00:28:01,680 --> 00:28:04,000 Speaker 1: that you would think are really far apart. You can 532 00:28:04,040 --> 00:28:07,280 Speaker 1: make it so you they're actually near each other, right, 533 00:28:07,359 --> 00:28:09,399 Speaker 1: and as you can, And that's what a wormhole is. 534 00:28:09,480 --> 00:28:12,480 Speaker 1: The way with the donut, have black chocolate frosting or 535 00:28:12,480 --> 00:28:15,800 Speaker 1: white chocolate. It depends on whether you're going into the 536 00:28:15,800 --> 00:28:19,679 Speaker 1: donut or out of the donut. Of course you're throwing 537 00:28:19,720 --> 00:28:24,080 Speaker 1: it up for you eating that, Um, I think it 538 00:28:24,119 --> 00:28:28,600 Speaker 1: tastes better going in there usually usually um. And And 539 00:28:28,640 --> 00:28:30,760 Speaker 1: that's sort of the simplest conception of the white hole 540 00:28:30,800 --> 00:28:33,880 Speaker 1: that I understand. But there are other ideas of white holes, right, 541 00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:38,080 Speaker 1: and these are not consistent necessarily with the whole wormhole concept. 542 00:28:38,280 --> 00:28:41,240 Speaker 1: They're just like different ideas of how a white hole 543 00:28:41,320 --> 00:28:44,200 Speaker 1: might appear. And one of them says. One of them 544 00:28:44,240 --> 00:28:47,280 Speaker 1: is that arguments sort of like this says that general 545 00:28:47,320 --> 00:28:52,080 Speaker 1: relativity is supposed to be time symmetric, meaning the equations 546 00:28:52,120 --> 00:28:55,440 Speaker 1: of general relativity work just as well for universe going 547 00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:59,280 Speaker 1: forwards in time and backwards in time, right, And that 548 00:28:59,360 --> 00:29:01,560 Speaker 1: might sound really weird to you. I think, how can 549 00:29:01,560 --> 00:29:04,560 Speaker 1: the universe go backwards and time? That doesn't make any sense. Well, 550 00:29:04,840 --> 00:29:07,680 Speaker 1: we don't know why how universe could go backwards, but 551 00:29:07,720 --> 00:29:10,240 Speaker 1: we also don't know why the universe is going forwards. 552 00:29:10,400 --> 00:29:13,480 Speaker 1: So it's sort of interesting to note that you could 553 00:29:13,600 --> 00:29:16,560 Speaker 1: run the universe backwards in general relativity and get the 554 00:29:16,600 --> 00:29:21,360 Speaker 1: same equations. Right, So a particle Earth going around the 555 00:29:21,400 --> 00:29:24,840 Speaker 1: Sun one way, the general relativity says it also works 556 00:29:24,880 --> 00:29:28,480 Speaker 1: the other way. Okay, So like if you hit reverse 557 00:29:29,160 --> 00:29:33,360 Speaker 1: right or the back arrow in the streaming video player, 558 00:29:34,160 --> 00:29:38,960 Speaker 1: it should look sort of normal, just backwards exactly. So 559 00:29:39,160 --> 00:29:40,800 Speaker 1: then you can say, well, there are weird things in 560 00:29:40,840 --> 00:29:44,560 Speaker 1: general relativity like black holes. So then what is the 561 00:29:44,720 --> 00:29:48,840 Speaker 1: time reversed black hole look like? Right, how can you 562 00:29:48,960 --> 00:29:52,360 Speaker 1: time reverse the black hole? IF's if general relativity is 563 00:29:52,360 --> 00:29:56,160 Speaker 1: supposed to be time reverse doble, and general relativity predicts 564 00:29:56,160 --> 00:29:59,440 Speaker 1: black holes, then what does the time reversed black hole 565 00:29:59,520 --> 00:30:02,560 Speaker 1: look like? Boom, that's a white hole. It looks like 566 00:30:02,600 --> 00:30:06,760 Speaker 1: something that's not sucking stuff in but just viewing stuff out. Yeah, exactly. 567 00:30:07,040 --> 00:30:11,160 Speaker 1: But general relativity is not the only law out there, right, 568 00:30:11,200 --> 00:30:15,040 Speaker 1: There are other laws like thermodynamics and the second law 569 00:30:15,120 --> 00:30:19,480 Speaker 1: of thermodynamics that says and grope always increases, and so 570 00:30:19,920 --> 00:30:23,440 Speaker 1: you know, you can't just create new matter, and you 571 00:30:23,520 --> 00:30:27,480 Speaker 1: can't just like violate the second law of thermodynamics by 572 00:30:27,600 --> 00:30:31,080 Speaker 1: like spewing that by undoing a black hole, right, And 573 00:30:31,160 --> 00:30:35,480 Speaker 1: so it's just it's sort of an unfinished concept because 574 00:30:36,080 --> 00:30:38,560 Speaker 1: while that would be allowed by general relativity, it's not 575 00:30:38,640 --> 00:30:41,120 Speaker 1: allowed by the second law of thermodynamics, And so we 576 00:30:41,160 --> 00:30:43,520 Speaker 1: don't really think that that's a thing. And so I 577 00:30:43,600 --> 00:30:46,680 Speaker 1: sort of get the sense that, um, this white hole 578 00:30:47,320 --> 00:30:49,800 Speaker 1: is sort of interesting to think about, but nobody can 579 00:30:49,840 --> 00:30:52,720 Speaker 1: really make it work or makes sense. Is that kind 580 00:30:52,720 --> 00:30:56,600 Speaker 1: of where we are with it? Yeah, exactly. It's like 581 00:30:57,040 --> 00:31:00,440 Speaker 1: open territory and theoretical physics that no, but he has 582 00:31:00,440 --> 00:31:03,960 Speaker 1: really gone and like chiseled out carefully to figure out 583 00:31:04,240 --> 00:31:07,280 Speaker 1: what's going on and is this interesting? And can we 584 00:31:07,320 --> 00:31:11,040 Speaker 1: even make a solid prediction experimentally of what to look for? Right? 585 00:31:11,560 --> 00:31:14,280 Speaker 1: But it's it's interesting because it's, uh, it seems like 586 00:31:14,320 --> 00:31:17,320 Speaker 1: there might be something there. Right, maybe in the future 587 00:31:17,400 --> 00:31:19,600 Speaker 1: somebody will think about it carefully enough to figure out 588 00:31:19,920 --> 00:31:22,400 Speaker 1: what ideas are important and how they fit together and 589 00:31:22,560 --> 00:31:25,280 Speaker 1: how to make it all connect, and then we'll know 590 00:31:25,360 --> 00:31:27,040 Speaker 1: what to look for. And you know that was the 591 00:31:27,080 --> 00:31:30,640 Speaker 1: case also for other theoretical things, like before Peter Higgs 592 00:31:30,960 --> 00:31:33,640 Speaker 1: came up with the Higgs boson, people knew that there 593 00:31:33,680 --> 00:31:36,120 Speaker 1: was there was something interesting to be done there, like 594 00:31:36,280 --> 00:31:39,000 Speaker 1: somebody had to figure out how these particles get masked. 595 00:31:39,080 --> 00:31:42,040 Speaker 1: Didn't quite make sense, and and you know, a young, 596 00:31:42,160 --> 00:31:45,800 Speaker 1: brash scientist waded into this muck and figured it out 597 00:31:45,880 --> 00:31:48,320 Speaker 1: and made it all clear, and then us experimentalist knew 598 00:31:48,320 --> 00:31:50,320 Speaker 1: what to look for. And that's sort of the stage 599 00:31:50,320 --> 00:31:53,800 Speaker 1: we're at with white holes. It's like we're pre prediscovery. 600 00:31:53,920 --> 00:31:57,280 Speaker 1: It's more of a like a fun maybe right now, Yeah, exactly. 601 00:31:57,960 --> 00:32:00,680 Speaker 1: You might say, like, um, well, are there is there 602 00:32:01,120 --> 00:32:04,080 Speaker 1: evidence of white holes? You know, like we look out there, 603 00:32:04,120 --> 00:32:06,640 Speaker 1: even if we don't have a solid theoryical understanding, can 604 00:32:06,640 --> 00:32:08,800 Speaker 1: we flip it on its head and say, let's just 605 00:32:08,840 --> 00:32:11,600 Speaker 1: look for them, because if we find one, then that 606 00:32:11,640 --> 00:32:13,200 Speaker 1: will give us a lot of clues as to how 607 00:32:13,240 --> 00:32:16,400 Speaker 1: the theory has to work. Right. And then also, what 608 00:32:16,440 --> 00:32:18,560 Speaker 1: would a white hole look like? Well, it'd be really 609 00:32:18,560 --> 00:32:22,040 Speaker 1: bright source of crazy radiation, and you know, the university 610 00:32:22,160 --> 00:32:25,440 Speaker 1: is filled with lots of crazy sources of radiation, and 611 00:32:25,520 --> 00:32:28,240 Speaker 1: so sometimes people like to speculate, like, oh, this big 612 00:32:28,560 --> 00:32:32,600 Speaker 1: gamma ray burst right, really a recent huge gamma ray burst, 613 00:32:32,600 --> 00:32:36,160 Speaker 1: people thought, could this be a white hole? And most 614 00:32:36,240 --> 00:32:39,400 Speaker 1: of the field went no, of course not, um it's 615 00:32:39,400 --> 00:32:43,200 Speaker 1: a supernova. But you know, it's fun to speculate. You're saying, 616 00:32:43,200 --> 00:32:44,960 Speaker 1: like maybe one of the stars we see at night 617 00:32:45,040 --> 00:32:47,160 Speaker 1: could be like a white hole, or it could be 618 00:32:47,200 --> 00:32:51,120 Speaker 1: except that we'd expect a white hole probably to be transient, right, 619 00:32:51,200 --> 00:32:53,600 Speaker 1: like it would um give off a huge amount of 620 00:32:53,680 --> 00:32:58,840 Speaker 1: radiation and then fizzle right, or or it could be 621 00:32:59,000 --> 00:33:00,880 Speaker 1: it could be not for bread it all, like if 622 00:33:00,880 --> 00:33:04,360 Speaker 1: it's the backside of a wormhole, then it only shows 623 00:33:04,440 --> 00:33:07,640 Speaker 1: up when something goes through it. Right, If nothing is 624 00:33:07,680 --> 00:33:10,640 Speaker 1: getting transited through the wormhole, then the white hole sort 625 00:33:10,680 --> 00:33:15,160 Speaker 1: of I don't know, dark for a while, yeah, exactly. Um, 626 00:33:15,240 --> 00:33:17,320 Speaker 1: And you know, other ideas are like, well, maybe the 627 00:33:17,320 --> 00:33:20,960 Speaker 1: Big Bang was a white hole, right, and does that 628 00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:23,600 Speaker 1: mean that our whole universe is the backside of a 629 00:33:23,600 --> 00:33:26,520 Speaker 1: black hole from somewhere else? You know, like because if 630 00:33:26,520 --> 00:33:30,240 Speaker 1: you're thinking about like crazy sources of radiation, spooky spewing 631 00:33:30,240 --> 00:33:33,080 Speaker 1: out of nowhere, that kind of sounds like the Big Bang. 632 00:33:35,840 --> 00:33:39,600 Speaker 1: Where Yeah, because the Big Bang, you get ask where 633 00:33:39,600 --> 00:33:42,080 Speaker 1: did all this stuff in the universe come from? Exactly? 634 00:33:42,200 --> 00:33:44,640 Speaker 1: Seems to sort of violate second law of the dynamics, 635 00:33:45,040 --> 00:33:46,920 Speaker 1: you know, if you think of the universe as a 636 00:33:46,960 --> 00:33:50,320 Speaker 1: closed system. So you know, and that's the sort of 637 00:33:50,320 --> 00:33:52,800 Speaker 1: fun stuff to think about it. I think when theoretical 638 00:33:52,840 --> 00:33:56,400 Speaker 1: physicists get tired of working on hard problems, they know, well, 639 00:33:56,880 --> 00:33:58,840 Speaker 1: they like to bounce this kind of stuff around in 640 00:33:58,880 --> 00:34:01,040 Speaker 1: their heads and see if they like find a new 641 00:34:01,080 --> 00:34:03,800 Speaker 1: little bite to take out of it. But you know, 642 00:34:03,880 --> 00:34:06,600 Speaker 1: it's not really something that it's like what a professional 643 00:34:06,680 --> 00:34:12,480 Speaker 1: dreamers dream about exactly when they're not dreaming professionally. Yeah, exactly. 644 00:34:12,480 --> 00:34:15,120 Speaker 1: When they're done eating the bananas and they smoke the peels, 645 00:34:15,560 --> 00:34:19,000 Speaker 1: what do these guys think about and what do they 646 00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:22,160 Speaker 1: do in their downtime? Yeah, and so I think if 647 00:34:22,160 --> 00:34:25,160 Speaker 1: you've got a bunch of theoretical physicists in a room 648 00:34:25,160 --> 00:34:27,640 Speaker 1: and you ask them all, or you get them all 649 00:34:27,680 --> 00:34:29,600 Speaker 1: in separate rooms, you ask them all to define a 650 00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:31,680 Speaker 1: white hole, I bet you would get as many different 651 00:34:31,719 --> 00:34:35,480 Speaker 1: answers as theorists you ask. It's just like white chocolate, 652 00:34:35,680 --> 00:34:38,040 Speaker 1: you know, if you ask people if they like white chocolate, 653 00:34:38,200 --> 00:34:42,239 Speaker 1: you would get a very polarizing All the people with 654 00:34:42,320 --> 00:34:44,960 Speaker 1: taste would say yes, and all the people who don't 655 00:34:45,040 --> 00:34:47,840 Speaker 1: understand chocolate would say no. I mean, it's pretty simple, 656 00:34:50,520 --> 00:34:54,680 Speaker 1: all right. So white hole sounds like they're a wait 657 00:34:54,760 --> 00:34:57,560 Speaker 1: for it, maybe kind of thing. Yeah, it's sort of 658 00:34:57,600 --> 00:35:00,440 Speaker 1: like there, like a weight hole. Yeah, either it's nothing 659 00:35:01,000 --> 00:35:04,359 Speaker 1: or it's like a little bit of twenty second century 660 00:35:04,360 --> 00:35:07,480 Speaker 1: physics that we're just hearing about for the first time now, 661 00:35:07,640 --> 00:35:10,160 Speaker 1: you know, because if you hear, if you read about 662 00:35:10,160 --> 00:35:12,960 Speaker 1: like the history of black holes, it's sort of existed 663 00:35:12,960 --> 00:35:16,239 Speaker 1: as a crazy idea for a long long time decades 664 00:35:16,600 --> 00:35:20,239 Speaker 1: before anybody took it seriously, and so maybe we're just 665 00:35:20,280 --> 00:35:23,799 Speaker 1: into those sort of early stages of the history of 666 00:35:23,800 --> 00:35:26,799 Speaker 1: white holes. In the future, textbooks be written about how 667 00:35:27,320 --> 00:35:29,520 Speaker 1: you know, people banded this idea around for a while 668 00:35:29,600 --> 00:35:34,560 Speaker 1: before X Y Z, physicists from you know, Ecuador or 669 00:35:34,600 --> 00:35:37,880 Speaker 1: somewhere cool um finally figured out what it meant and 670 00:35:37,920 --> 00:35:40,000 Speaker 1: then figured out how to look for it, and that's 671 00:35:40,040 --> 00:35:43,400 Speaker 1: when progress really started. It could be just in the 672 00:35:43,480 --> 00:35:46,640 Speaker 1: prehistory of the discovery of white holes, right, and hopefully 673 00:35:46,680 --> 00:35:49,960 Speaker 1: there'll be a little asterisks that says. Daniel and Jorge 674 00:35:50,000 --> 00:35:53,719 Speaker 1: made a podcast episode about it, which inspired that guy 675 00:35:53,800 --> 00:35:57,080 Speaker 1: person in Ecuador, that girl are for guy in Ecuador, 676 00:35:57,400 --> 00:35:59,600 Speaker 1: and there we go. Daniel and Jorge made a podcast 677 00:35:59,600 --> 00:36:03,879 Speaker 1: about it in which no progress was made, but other 678 00:36:03,920 --> 00:36:06,919 Speaker 1: people were inspired to actually make progress. Yes, that would 679 00:36:06,920 --> 00:36:08,840 Speaker 1: be a wonderful story. Well it it sounds like a 680 00:36:08,840 --> 00:36:12,120 Speaker 1: fun idea and I could potentially have big repercussions. I mean, 681 00:36:12,239 --> 00:36:14,200 Speaker 1: the Big Bank does turn out to be a white hole, 682 00:36:14,239 --> 00:36:16,799 Speaker 1: that would be a very big deal. Yeah, And you know, 683 00:36:16,840 --> 00:36:18,960 Speaker 1: if there are black holes and they're white holes, then 684 00:36:18,960 --> 00:36:21,840 Speaker 1: maybe there are roles holes out there in the universe. 685 00:36:21,920 --> 00:36:25,520 Speaker 1: You never know, or gray holes or grab a gray 686 00:36:25,520 --> 00:36:28,920 Speaker 1: warm holes, which is like a Game of Thrones reference 687 00:36:29,239 --> 00:36:34,120 Speaker 1: and a physics reference. That's right. That's right, So you know, 688 00:36:34,239 --> 00:36:36,000 Speaker 1: expand your mind and think about all the kind of 689 00:36:36,080 --> 00:36:37,680 Speaker 1: things that could be out there in the universe that 690 00:36:37,800 --> 00:36:39,600 Speaker 1: are out there in the universe, that are definitely not 691 00:36:39,640 --> 00:36:42,359 Speaker 1: out there in the universe, or that you know, might 692 00:36:42,440 --> 00:36:45,920 Speaker 1: eventually be in the minds of theorists and then discovered 693 00:36:45,960 --> 00:36:50,000 Speaker 1: by experimentalists. The universe is crazy, It's filled crazy stuff, 694 00:36:50,320 --> 00:36:52,520 Speaker 1: and one day we'll figure it all out. So go 695 00:36:52,600 --> 00:36:55,720 Speaker 1: out there and get crazy and enjoy some white chocolate. 696 00:36:55,840 --> 00:37:05,920 Speaker 1: See you next time. If you still have a question 697 00:37:05,960 --> 00:37:09,399 Speaker 1: after listening to all these explanations, please drop us a line. 698 00:37:09,440 --> 00:37:11,560 Speaker 1: We'd love to hear from you. You can find us 699 00:37:11,600 --> 00:37:15,399 Speaker 1: at Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at Daniel and Jorge That's 700 00:37:15,400 --> 00:37:18,799 Speaker 1: one word, or email us at Feedback at Daniel and 701 00:37:18,920 --> 00:37:22,360 Speaker 1: Jorge dot com. Thanks for listening, and remember that Daniel 702 00:37:22,360 --> 00:37:24,880 Speaker 1: and Jorge Explain the Universe is a production of I 703 00:37:25,120 --> 00:37:28,560 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. For more podcast from my Heart Radio, visit 704 00:37:28,600 --> 00:37:32,080 Speaker 1: the i heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you 705 00:37:32,200 --> 00:37:33,720 Speaker 1: listen to your favorite shows.