1 00:00:01,480 --> 00:00:04,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of I 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:13,880 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, 3 00:00:13,960 --> 00:00:17,680 Speaker 1: and there's Charles w Chuck, Brian and Jerry's over here, 4 00:00:17,960 --> 00:00:25,639 Speaker 1: and this is stuff you should know. Yeah, how are 5 00:00:25,640 --> 00:00:31,760 Speaker 1: you doing? Man? I'm great. I'm have not been poisoned yet. 6 00:00:32,120 --> 00:00:34,800 Speaker 1: I have no need to get on the phone and 7 00:00:34,880 --> 00:00:39,280 Speaker 1: call an expert at this point. Luckily, my daughter has 8 00:00:39,360 --> 00:00:43,120 Speaker 1: never been poisoned, although that's a big concern for parents. Yeah, 9 00:00:43,240 --> 00:00:47,520 Speaker 1: no joke here, No, not joking, nothing funny about poisoned children, 10 00:00:47,680 --> 00:00:50,600 Speaker 1: unless you're talking about little young Brett Michael's. He was 11 00:00:51,120 --> 00:00:54,200 Speaker 1: he was a stitch in a cut up. Oh oh 12 00:00:54,440 --> 00:01:01,320 Speaker 1: oh wow, a little ricky rocket. I was confused, Um, tickled, 13 00:01:01,480 --> 00:01:04,760 Speaker 1: and then disappointed, all within like half of a second. Oh, 14 00:01:04,760 --> 00:01:06,640 Speaker 1: I thought you were gonna stay disappointed in the joke, 15 00:01:06,720 --> 00:01:09,720 Speaker 1: because that's the fourth stage of recovery. I thought it 16 00:01:09,800 --> 00:01:11,880 Speaker 1: was great. Maybe like a month from now, I'll be like, 17 00:01:11,959 --> 00:01:15,520 Speaker 1: you know, that jokes about poison wasn't that great? But 18 00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:18,639 Speaker 1: who knows, maybe I'll also be laughing about it years later. 19 00:01:18,880 --> 00:01:22,559 Speaker 1: For example, UM, I watched uh F the other day 20 00:01:22,760 --> 00:01:24,479 Speaker 1: for the first time in a little while. I haven't 21 00:01:24,480 --> 00:01:29,280 Speaker 1: seen it, and just today, out of the blue apropos 22 00:01:29,360 --> 00:01:32,000 Speaker 1: of nothing, I cracked myself up thinking about one of 23 00:01:32,040 --> 00:01:37,640 Speaker 1: the jokes. So, uh, there's a segment about Conan the librarian. 24 00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:42,200 Speaker 1: Somebody asks for a book on astronomy, and Conan grabs 25 00:01:42,240 --> 00:01:44,000 Speaker 1: the guy and lifts him up by his shirt and 26 00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:48,840 Speaker 1: he goes, don't you know the Dewey decimal system was 27 00:01:49,640 --> 00:01:52,680 Speaker 1: in it? It was a really good approximation of Arnold. 28 00:01:52,720 --> 00:01:54,520 Speaker 1: For a second, I thought it was Bruce Campbell and 29 00:01:54,520 --> 00:01:57,559 Speaker 1: I actually looked on the credits and it's not. But um, 30 00:01:57,840 --> 00:02:02,280 Speaker 1: it looks exactly like Bruce Campbell doing Arnold Schwarzenegger. You 31 00:02:02,280 --> 00:02:04,200 Speaker 1: know what I watched the other day for the I 32 00:02:04,240 --> 00:02:09,000 Speaker 1: think first time ever did we talk about this pumping iron? Yeah, 33 00:02:09,040 --> 00:02:11,400 Speaker 1: I've never watched it. I think we might have already 34 00:02:11,400 --> 00:02:14,959 Speaker 1: spoken about this, though I did on the show even 35 00:02:16,280 --> 00:02:20,400 Speaker 1: maybe No, no, no, definitely not within weeks. No, no, unless, 36 00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:24,120 Speaker 1: like my brain is sloshing around, probably has everyone out 37 00:02:24,120 --> 00:02:26,600 Speaker 1: there's going, Yes, Josh, you mentioned it three episodes ago, 38 00:02:26,720 --> 00:02:29,280 Speaker 1: and you're both stupid. It rings a bell that you 39 00:02:29,280 --> 00:02:31,920 Speaker 1: did mention it, but it was not weeks ago. I 40 00:02:31,919 --> 00:02:35,000 Speaker 1: think you're confusing your other podcast, Movie Crush. I don't 41 00:02:35,000 --> 00:02:37,080 Speaker 1: think so, because one of them is good and one 42 00:02:37,120 --> 00:02:40,880 Speaker 1: of them is you're crazy cutting up. But you're talking 43 00:02:40,880 --> 00:02:44,080 Speaker 1: about a movie and it couldn't possibly have been mentioned 44 00:02:44,080 --> 00:02:48,760 Speaker 1: on the movie podcast. Is what your position is? Maybe 45 00:02:48,760 --> 00:02:55,519 Speaker 1: it was okay, but Movie Crushes the good podcast. Oh well, 46 00:02:55,560 --> 00:03:04,239 Speaker 1: I resubmit my you're crazy. I'm sorry. I just poisoned you. Yeah, 47 00:03:04,280 --> 00:03:06,639 Speaker 1: and a million listeners, So maybe we should just get 48 00:03:06,680 --> 00:03:08,880 Speaker 1: going on this. I thought this was really interesting. I 49 00:03:08,919 --> 00:03:14,200 Speaker 1: think we should take an ad break. No. So yeah, 50 00:03:14,280 --> 00:03:17,160 Speaker 1: it was interesting and it wasn't like based on anything 51 00:03:17,480 --> 00:03:21,520 Speaker 1: but curiosity. Like I realized that I had no idea 52 00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:24,800 Speaker 1: how poison control centers worked, Like like you, I have 53 00:03:24,960 --> 00:03:29,280 Speaker 1: never had occasion to call one. Luckily, um, but they're there, 54 00:03:29,320 --> 00:03:31,440 Speaker 1: and it's kind of like a really great thing that 55 00:03:31,600 --> 00:03:35,760 Speaker 1: they're there and that they are, um there to keep 56 00:03:36,200 --> 00:03:39,720 Speaker 1: scared parents from you know, freaking out because their kids 57 00:03:39,880 --> 00:03:42,840 Speaker 1: ate something weird or their dog ate something weird, or 58 00:03:43,240 --> 00:03:47,160 Speaker 1: you know, they ate something weird. Um, and to say 59 00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:50,119 Speaker 1: basically say like no, you need to get to a hospital. 60 00:03:50,200 --> 00:03:52,200 Speaker 1: And not only that, I'm gonna help you throughout this 61 00:03:52,240 --> 00:03:55,400 Speaker 1: process of going to the hospital and staying at the hospital, 62 00:03:55,680 --> 00:03:58,960 Speaker 1: because poison control centers are like the most hands on 63 00:03:59,640 --> 00:04:03,720 Speaker 1: remote medical discipline there is. Yeah, and if it was 64 00:04:03,960 --> 00:04:08,360 Speaker 1: a hundred and change years ago, you'd be lucky if 65 00:04:08,440 --> 00:04:12,320 Speaker 1: whatever you accidentally drank in your house even has ingredients 66 00:04:12,360 --> 00:04:15,560 Speaker 1: listed on it. And if it did have ingredients, you'd 67 00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:18,880 Speaker 1: be lucky if they were accurate or truthful, because no 68 00:04:18,920 --> 00:04:22,200 Speaker 1: one cared and you wouldn't be able to call anyone 69 00:04:22,240 --> 00:04:25,360 Speaker 1: to help. And if you went to your local, you know, 70 00:04:26,440 --> 00:04:29,480 Speaker 1: community doctor, good luck if they're even available a hundred 71 00:04:29,480 --> 00:04:32,680 Speaker 1: and ten years ago. And if they were, they'd probably 72 00:04:32,680 --> 00:04:34,840 Speaker 1: be like, jeez, I don't really know what to do 73 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:38,200 Speaker 1: except maybe try and make you vomit. Yeah, nothing more 74 00:04:38,200 --> 00:04:40,320 Speaker 1: than a two bit bumpkin was what you had for 75 00:04:40,360 --> 00:04:43,840 Speaker 1: a doctor back then, you drinking sody pop. Yeah, exactly, 76 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:49,240 Speaker 1: the sassafras um. But and and so you might say, well, like, 77 00:04:49,279 --> 00:04:51,920 Speaker 1: what is a hundred years ago matter? Why not further back? 78 00:04:52,080 --> 00:04:55,120 Speaker 1: That's a really good question, And the answer that is 79 00:04:55,200 --> 00:04:59,120 Speaker 1: that poison control is a fairly recent invention, not because 80 00:04:59,120 --> 00:05:01,559 Speaker 1: people just thought of it, but because we didn't really 81 00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:06,200 Speaker 1: need it before, because we didn't really have poisons around 82 00:05:06,279 --> 00:05:10,880 Speaker 1: us prior to about the Industrial Revolution, Like the closest 83 00:05:10,880 --> 00:05:13,200 Speaker 1: thing you had to poison was a snake that made 84 00:05:13,200 --> 00:05:16,040 Speaker 1: its way into your house. You definitely didn't open your 85 00:05:16,400 --> 00:05:19,800 Speaker 1: your cabinet beneath the sink, probably because you didn't have 86 00:05:19,839 --> 00:05:22,320 Speaker 1: a sink, but also even if you had a sink, 87 00:05:22,600 --> 00:05:25,920 Speaker 1: you didn't have like household chemicals at your disposal until 88 00:05:25,960 --> 00:05:29,680 Speaker 1: industrialization came around. Yeah, I mean before that, there might 89 00:05:29,720 --> 00:05:32,919 Speaker 1: have been you know, you could extract some poison type 90 00:05:32,920 --> 00:05:35,920 Speaker 1: things from plants and maybe got something at a at 91 00:05:35,920 --> 00:05:39,640 Speaker 1: a traveling kind of snake oil situation, but it wasn't 92 00:05:39,680 --> 00:05:42,560 Speaker 1: like they were on the general store shelves all over 93 00:05:42,600 --> 00:05:45,520 Speaker 1: the country and then later stores, like you said, until 94 00:05:46,040 --> 00:05:49,240 Speaker 1: the Industrial Revolution when we said, hey, it turns out 95 00:05:49,240 --> 00:05:52,200 Speaker 1: that we can use chemicals. Uh, and they they can 96 00:05:52,240 --> 00:05:55,600 Speaker 1: be very handy. They are dangerous, but I mean, who 97 00:05:55,600 --> 00:05:58,279 Speaker 1: would who would drink a bottle of floor cleaner? People 98 00:05:58,279 --> 00:06:00,159 Speaker 1: know better than that, Right, We don't have to tell that, 99 00:06:00,240 --> 00:06:04,200 Speaker 1: do we You're right exactly? Um? They said, actually, yes, 100 00:06:04,279 --> 00:06:07,520 Speaker 1: we totally do. And I saw actually a comparison on 101 00:06:07,560 --> 00:06:12,039 Speaker 1: a poisoned website that's still today. People apparently get poisoned, 102 00:06:12,279 --> 00:06:15,880 Speaker 1: including adults, from accidentally drinking things that they think are 103 00:06:15,920 --> 00:06:20,120 Speaker 1: other safer things. And they had bottles of stuff next 104 00:06:20,160 --> 00:06:23,360 Speaker 1: to bottles of others, like food, and you're like, wow, 105 00:06:23,360 --> 00:06:26,880 Speaker 1: that really actually does bear a passing resemblance, Like pine 106 00:06:26,880 --> 00:06:29,520 Speaker 1: salt looks a lot like apple juice when you put 107 00:06:29,560 --> 00:06:31,760 Speaker 1: it next to a bottle of apple juice. And there's 108 00:06:31,760 --> 00:06:34,960 Speaker 1: a brand of apple juice that looks roughly like the 109 00:06:35,040 --> 00:06:40,800 Speaker 1: pine salt label. Yeah, it's not so I think you 110 00:06:40,800 --> 00:06:42,880 Speaker 1: could drink um. The most you would do is probably 111 00:06:42,920 --> 00:06:46,360 Speaker 1: embarrass yourself. But I see things that look like toothpaste 112 00:06:46,360 --> 00:06:49,400 Speaker 1: a lot that you would not want to put on 113 00:06:49,440 --> 00:06:51,599 Speaker 1: a toothbrush and put in your mouth. What are you 114 00:06:51,640 --> 00:06:54,000 Speaker 1: hanging around with that looks like toothpaste that you wouldn't 115 00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:55,640 Speaker 1: want to brush your teeth with? Well, I mean there's 116 00:06:55,640 --> 00:06:58,640 Speaker 1: all sorts of I mean, like lubes you looving en 117 00:06:58,680 --> 00:07:03,040 Speaker 1: up like calamine, and you know, I feel like I've 118 00:07:03,040 --> 00:07:06,320 Speaker 1: seen some other creams and things that look you know, 119 00:07:06,360 --> 00:07:08,479 Speaker 1: because that's a it's an obviously a good way to 120 00:07:08,520 --> 00:07:11,080 Speaker 1: carry it, toothpaste like thing, and it is an old 121 00:07:11,120 --> 00:07:13,680 Speaker 1: tube like that, but a lot of them look alike. 122 00:07:14,240 --> 00:07:16,880 Speaker 1: Is my point. I see, So do you have to 123 00:07:16,880 --> 00:07:20,080 Speaker 1: be like, don't brush your teeth with this reminder to 124 00:07:20,920 --> 00:07:23,640 Speaker 1: use a children's toothpaste so it has big dinosaurs on it. 125 00:07:24,400 --> 00:07:26,480 Speaker 1: I think it wasn't so much back in the day. 126 00:07:26,600 --> 00:07:29,280 Speaker 1: Like now today, there's like basically no excuse because we 127 00:07:29,360 --> 00:07:33,920 Speaker 1: spent the last hundred years being um inculcated into the 128 00:07:33,960 --> 00:07:36,760 Speaker 1: idea that there are a lot of dangerous things in 129 00:07:36,800 --> 00:07:40,040 Speaker 1: our everyday lives. But you know, back in the day, 130 00:07:40,360 --> 00:07:42,560 Speaker 1: this was all brand new to people and they just 131 00:07:43,280 --> 00:07:48,440 Speaker 1: didn't know. Um. Sometimes manufacturers actually didn't know, and they 132 00:07:48,480 --> 00:07:52,000 Speaker 1: found out the hard way. And because people were suffering 133 00:07:52,080 --> 00:07:54,280 Speaker 1: from this, it was obvious that there was a need 134 00:07:54,400 --> 00:07:57,400 Speaker 1: for people to say, Okay, we need to start studying 135 00:07:57,440 --> 00:07:59,880 Speaker 1: these things a little more. And a lot of the 136 00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:06,280 Speaker 1: um great great meaning like really fantastic and triumphant government 137 00:08:06,280 --> 00:08:10,280 Speaker 1: bureaucracies here in the United States arose from protecting like 138 00:08:10,360 --> 00:08:13,120 Speaker 1: everyday people from the stuff that they were eating his 139 00:08:13,160 --> 00:08:15,680 Speaker 1: food or using his medicines, like things you're supposed to 140 00:08:15,720 --> 00:08:18,520 Speaker 1: be able to trust. They couldn't trust back then. So 141 00:08:19,120 --> 00:08:23,120 Speaker 1: entire sub disciplines of the medical profession kind of developed 142 00:08:23,120 --> 00:08:27,360 Speaker 1: to protect people from those things. Yeah, it was mid 143 00:08:27,400 --> 00:08:31,360 Speaker 1: delayed eighteen hundreds when people started saying, hey, this is 144 00:08:31,360 --> 00:08:33,720 Speaker 1: a problem, this is an issue. I think a lot 145 00:08:33,760 --> 00:08:36,680 Speaker 1: of journalists did great work early on to expose a 146 00:08:36,679 --> 00:08:39,559 Speaker 1: lot of this stuff, a lot of these dangers, and say, 147 00:08:40,040 --> 00:08:42,240 Speaker 1: you know, some of these medicines can be really dangerous. 148 00:08:42,720 --> 00:08:46,160 Speaker 1: Then a guy came along named Dr Harvey Wiley. He 149 00:08:46,280 --> 00:08:49,040 Speaker 1: ran the Bureau of Chemistry, which proceeded the f d A, 150 00:08:49,640 --> 00:08:51,640 Speaker 1: and he had a group called the Poison Squad, who 151 00:08:51,640 --> 00:08:54,840 Speaker 1: were these healthy young men who would who would poison themselves. 152 00:08:54,880 --> 00:08:57,839 Speaker 1: They would eat chemicals to see what happened. Because, as 153 00:08:57,880 --> 00:09:02,480 Speaker 1: you'll see kind of throughout this whole epiodisode, much of 154 00:09:02,520 --> 00:09:05,760 Speaker 1: the work of poison control, from the very beginning all 155 00:09:05,760 --> 00:09:10,040 Speaker 1: the way up through today is just simply categorizing and 156 00:09:10,160 --> 00:09:13,439 Speaker 1: listing out things that make people sick and exactly how 157 00:09:13,480 --> 00:09:16,400 Speaker 1: they make them sick. It's like it's like a big database, right, 158 00:09:16,400 --> 00:09:18,760 Speaker 1: and then in the best case scenario, how to treat 159 00:09:18,960 --> 00:09:21,920 Speaker 1: with somebody who accidentally ingest that thing too. You know. 160 00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:25,320 Speaker 1: But we talked about Wiley and the Poison Squad. We 161 00:09:25,360 --> 00:09:28,520 Speaker 1: did an episode years ago UM called Does the FDA 162 00:09:28,600 --> 00:09:31,760 Speaker 1: Protect Americans? And we talked about them and like, hats 163 00:09:31,760 --> 00:09:37,640 Speaker 1: off to them. But between the muckrakers and Dr Wiley, um, 164 00:09:38,760 --> 00:09:41,280 Speaker 1: not just government was kind of forced into action, but 165 00:09:41,360 --> 00:09:44,920 Speaker 1: the public started to become educated about, you know, just 166 00:09:44,960 --> 00:09:48,480 Speaker 1: how dangerous their everyday life was, where before they hadn't 167 00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:52,200 Speaker 1: really realized it on any kind of collective level, you know. Yeah, 168 00:09:52,200 --> 00:09:54,319 Speaker 1: I think it was the UM and I then we 169 00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:56,320 Speaker 1: talked about the Pure Food and Drug Act, Right, didn't 170 00:09:56,320 --> 00:09:59,400 Speaker 1: you just say that? Not yet? Okay? That was nineteen 171 00:09:59,400 --> 00:10:03,040 Speaker 1: o six, also called it the Wiley Act after Harvey Wiley, 172 00:10:03,920 --> 00:10:07,360 Speaker 1: and it basically said, hey, you gotta start labeling stuff. 173 00:10:07,400 --> 00:10:10,959 Speaker 1: You gotta be really clear about what's in certain products, 174 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:16,280 Speaker 1: especially if it contains alcohol, heroin, caffeine, cannabis. You gotta 175 00:10:16,360 --> 00:10:20,400 Speaker 1: let people know what's in these products. And again with 176 00:10:20,440 --> 00:10:22,800 Speaker 1: the media, they were bringing it to light, and if 177 00:10:22,840 --> 00:10:25,040 Speaker 1: you were a company at the time, it became a 178 00:10:25,080 --> 00:10:28,199 Speaker 1: thing where like just from a pr standpoint, you needed 179 00:10:28,240 --> 00:10:30,520 Speaker 1: to start doing this and be a little more transparent. 180 00:10:30,920 --> 00:10:34,080 Speaker 1: Otherwise you would get a bad name if poisoning was 181 00:10:34,080 --> 00:10:36,360 Speaker 1: in the newspaper and your product was you know, kind 182 00:10:36,360 --> 00:10:39,839 Speaker 1: of to blame. Yeah, yeah, which I mean that's kind 183 00:10:39,880 --> 00:10:42,960 Speaker 1: of what the um. The Pure Food and Drug Act 184 00:10:42,960 --> 00:10:45,080 Speaker 1: of nineteen o six was predicated on the idea that 185 00:10:45,120 --> 00:10:48,000 Speaker 1: a company would want to protect its image or business 186 00:10:48,440 --> 00:10:52,120 Speaker 1: and not suffer ruination from bad PR. But they found 187 00:10:52,120 --> 00:10:56,520 Speaker 1: out um in oh, I guess the mid nineteen thirties 188 00:10:57,080 --> 00:11:00,280 Speaker 1: that that just wasn't the case. Um, well, I think 189 00:11:00,320 --> 00:11:02,840 Speaker 1: we should do a short stuff on this this episode. 190 00:11:02,840 --> 00:11:05,959 Speaker 1: It's just nuts what happened. But the upshot is that 191 00:11:06,360 --> 00:11:13,880 Speaker 1: a preparation of sulfonillamide, an antibiotic, was prepared using anti freeze. 192 00:11:14,480 --> 00:11:17,319 Speaker 1: Um and there was yeah and there and to give 193 00:11:17,360 --> 00:11:20,439 Speaker 1: it like a sweet flavor, raspberry flavor. That's sweet, sweet 194 00:11:20,320 --> 00:11:24,240 Speaker 1: and free. That's right. But the upshot of the whole 195 00:11:24,240 --> 00:11:27,800 Speaker 1: thing was that there was no regulation that said, you 196 00:11:27,840 --> 00:11:30,200 Speaker 1: guys need to test this first. They can just market it. 197 00:11:30,320 --> 00:11:32,240 Speaker 1: And they actually got him on a technicality, but a 198 00:11:32,320 --> 00:11:37,000 Speaker 1: hundred people died from this, and that really hastened the 199 00:11:38,480 --> 00:11:41,320 Speaker 1: UM the law. I think it was an amendment to 200 00:11:41,360 --> 00:11:43,920 Speaker 1: the Pure Food and Drug Act that basically said, Okay, 201 00:11:44,080 --> 00:11:46,160 Speaker 1: not only do you have to label stuff now when 202 00:11:46,200 --> 00:11:49,120 Speaker 1: it has any kind of chemicals or weird ingredients, you 203 00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:51,760 Speaker 1: also need to test these things first before you release 204 00:11:51,840 --> 00:11:55,800 Speaker 1: them to the public. That was a huge, huge um 205 00:11:56,320 --> 00:12:00,400 Speaker 1: foundation that was laid to protect just people like you 206 00:12:00,440 --> 00:12:03,320 Speaker 1: and me from the stuff that's in our kitchen or 207 00:12:03,320 --> 00:12:07,360 Speaker 1: our bathroom, you know. And it's not like somebody said, Okay, 208 00:12:07,440 --> 00:12:10,200 Speaker 1: next up poison control centers. But that was kind of 209 00:12:10,240 --> 00:12:14,360 Speaker 1: like the the zeitgeist that was churning as poison control 210 00:12:14,400 --> 00:12:17,560 Speaker 1: centers started to come along, you know, tangentially to that. 211 00:12:17,920 --> 00:12:20,680 Speaker 1: All Right, so the groundwork is laid, Let's take a 212 00:12:20,720 --> 00:12:23,960 Speaker 1: break and we'll come back and get going with in 213 00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:48,520 Speaker 1: earnest poison control centers. I love these episodes, Chuck, where 214 00:12:48,520 --> 00:12:52,280 Speaker 1: we spend a full third talking about not the thing. No, 215 00:12:52,440 --> 00:12:56,480 Speaker 1: but this is all important. I know. Take it easy 216 00:12:56,480 --> 00:13:00,880 Speaker 1: on yourself. I'm trying. I'm still recover ring from that 217 00:13:00,880 --> 00:13:06,480 Speaker 1: that haymaker you threw earlier movie crush. Yeah. Oh, by 218 00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:08,800 Speaker 1: the way, since uh, we don't do any kind of 219 00:13:08,800 --> 00:13:12,839 Speaker 1: podcast promotion for our shows at our network, I would 220 00:13:12,840 --> 00:13:16,439 Speaker 1: like to promote the Alan Ball six ft Under anniversary episode. 221 00:13:16,440 --> 00:13:18,760 Speaker 1: If you were a fan of six ft Under, I'm 222 00:13:18,760 --> 00:13:22,000 Speaker 1: really really proud of this episode and go check it out. 223 00:13:22,080 --> 00:13:25,640 Speaker 1: It's it's out now. So you interviewed the Alan Ball 224 00:13:25,679 --> 00:13:30,000 Speaker 1: creators feed under my basement on my zoom. That's so awesome. 225 00:13:30,440 --> 00:13:35,000 Speaker 1: Did you say sixth anniversary? Couldn't be six? Okay, I 226 00:13:35,040 --> 00:13:37,280 Speaker 1: thought you said sixth for some reason. Yeah, that's really 227 00:13:37,440 --> 00:13:39,199 Speaker 1: and plus I guess that'd be kind of a bizarre 228 00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:41,679 Speaker 1: anniversary to celebrate now that they think about it, the 229 00:13:41,760 --> 00:13:45,240 Speaker 1: sixth anniversary. When does that come out? It's out, it's live. 230 00:13:45,760 --> 00:13:49,280 Speaker 1: That's great. Congratulations, thanks man, it's a good one. So um, 231 00:13:49,320 --> 00:13:53,080 Speaker 1: all right, you were being unkind to my friend when 232 00:13:53,120 --> 00:13:59,880 Speaker 1: I had to plug make that plug? Who Dr Chevalier Jackson? No, you, oh, Emily, 233 00:13:59,920 --> 00:14:03,200 Speaker 1: and always say that when we're beating ourselves up, say 234 00:14:03,880 --> 00:14:08,280 Speaker 1: that be nicer, to be nicer to my friend. Alright, 235 00:14:08,320 --> 00:14:13,520 Speaker 1: So twentieth century is is going strong. People are starting 236 00:14:13,559 --> 00:14:16,720 Speaker 1: to understand, uh and you know, they were making efforts 237 00:14:16,760 --> 00:14:19,760 Speaker 1: to try and catalog some stuff, but it was really 238 00:14:19,760 --> 00:14:22,600 Speaker 1: sort of all over the place in the early few decades. 239 00:14:22,640 --> 00:14:26,720 Speaker 1: I think in the in the twenties. Uh, lie that 240 00:14:26,760 --> 00:14:28,640 Speaker 1: you made soup with and some people still mix up 241 00:14:28,640 --> 00:14:30,920 Speaker 1: with was kind of one of the big poisoners of 242 00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:33,520 Speaker 1: children because depending on what form you had it, and 243 00:14:33,600 --> 00:14:36,640 Speaker 1: it could look like milk or sugar, and there was 244 00:14:36,800 --> 00:14:42,640 Speaker 1: a doctor named Dr Chevalier Keihode Jackson who was a laryngologist. 245 00:14:43,320 --> 00:14:46,440 Speaker 1: That's gotta be how you say it right, not a laryngologist, 246 00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:49,640 Speaker 1: I guess so. I'd never said it out loud. I've 247 00:14:49,640 --> 00:14:51,560 Speaker 1: always said it in my head, but I've never noticed 248 00:14:51,600 --> 00:14:53,400 Speaker 1: how I say it. Well, I think you think you 249 00:14:53,440 --> 00:14:56,080 Speaker 1: said it. I mean laryngologists would be what you think, 250 00:14:56,120 --> 00:15:01,440 Speaker 1: but laryn geologists sounds more correct, even though it sounds funny. Aaryngeologist, Yeah, 251 00:15:01,800 --> 00:15:03,480 Speaker 1: it's got to be that. How maybe it's just called 252 00:15:03,520 --> 00:15:07,640 Speaker 1: him an E and T. Maybe it's laryngeologist or a 253 00:15:07,720 --> 00:15:12,200 Speaker 1: larynge al list. Lauren, No, you're missing a couple of 254 00:15:12,240 --> 00:15:15,800 Speaker 1: letters there, lurngel lists, the laryngelo list. There you go. 255 00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,320 Speaker 1: Oh goodness, it still cracks me that word for the 256 00:15:20,400 --> 00:15:22,560 Speaker 1: rest of the episode. It still cracks me up after 257 00:15:22,760 --> 00:15:26,640 Speaker 1: fourteen years when people sweethearts right in and say, hey, 258 00:15:26,680 --> 00:15:28,560 Speaker 1: you know, I'm an expert. If you want to help 259 00:15:28,600 --> 00:15:33,120 Speaker 1: pronounce me pronounce pronunciating something right exactly, give me up. 260 00:15:33,160 --> 00:15:36,880 Speaker 1: I'll help you pronunciate all all day long. Goodness, alright. 261 00:15:37,080 --> 00:15:40,440 Speaker 1: What's funny is it'll be like from a laryngelologist, and 262 00:15:41,480 --> 00:15:45,280 Speaker 1: we'll just never mentioned larynge al alogists again, so hopefully 263 00:15:46,600 --> 00:15:48,400 Speaker 1: unless it comes up a lot like our new friend 264 00:15:50,840 --> 00:15:55,880 Speaker 1: molly Bidnium, molly B, molly B is all over alright. 265 00:15:55,960 --> 00:15:58,560 Speaker 1: So this laryngologist was having a lot of cases of 266 00:15:58,640 --> 00:16:01,880 Speaker 1: kids coming in and swallowing LIE. Wouldn't kill you, but 267 00:16:01,920 --> 00:16:04,600 Speaker 1: it would tear up your esophagus so bad that you 268 00:16:04,680 --> 00:16:08,280 Speaker 1: might die because you can't eat, which is just awful. 269 00:16:08,440 --> 00:16:12,640 Speaker 1: So Dr Jackson said, we gotta really do something about 270 00:16:12,680 --> 00:16:16,840 Speaker 1: this LIE problem, and uh really championed the Federal Caustic 271 00:16:16,920 --> 00:16:20,920 Speaker 1: Poison Act of ninety seven, which basically kind of only 272 00:16:21,040 --> 00:16:23,480 Speaker 1: covered I don't know if it only covered LIE, but 273 00:16:23,640 --> 00:16:29,360 Speaker 1: it only covered caustic poisons. Yeah, it was pretty narrow 274 00:16:29,480 --> 00:16:32,000 Speaker 1: and pretty specific, and it basically just said you have 275 00:16:32,040 --> 00:16:34,840 Speaker 1: to put a warning symbol on right now on those 276 00:16:34,920 --> 00:16:37,600 Speaker 1: specific things. But it was a it was an early 277 00:16:38,000 --> 00:16:41,840 Speaker 1: um law related to the idea of household chemicals being 278 00:16:41,960 --> 00:16:44,560 Speaker 1: dangerous to people and letting people now, because up to 279 00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:47,640 Speaker 1: that point, the producers of LIE were like, uh, no, 280 00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:50,960 Speaker 1: we have no interest in labeling our product is dangerous. 281 00:16:51,720 --> 00:16:54,040 Speaker 1: Why would we tell people that. In fact, a lot 282 00:16:54,120 --> 00:16:56,640 Speaker 1: of them marketed the exact opposite were like safe on 283 00:16:56,800 --> 00:17:00,320 Speaker 1: skin gentle, you know, like a mountain rain to that 284 00:17:00,440 --> 00:17:02,440 Speaker 1: kind of stuff. And it's like, no, it's it's lie. 285 00:17:02,920 --> 00:17:06,560 Speaker 1: This is like drain cleaner, you know, or oven cleaner. 286 00:17:06,600 --> 00:17:08,560 Speaker 1: It's like the worst of the worst. But that that 287 00:17:08,760 --> 00:17:11,840 Speaker 1: law got it past. So that helped laid the groundwork 288 00:17:11,920 --> 00:17:14,680 Speaker 1: as well. Um. And then in the thirties there was 289 00:17:14,720 --> 00:17:18,919 Speaker 1: a guy who came along named Dr J. I mean, 290 00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:23,720 Speaker 1: it's spelled arena, so maybe it's arena or arena, one 291 00:17:23,760 --> 00:17:27,080 Speaker 1: of the two. And he was a pediatrician at Duke, 292 00:17:27,680 --> 00:17:30,680 Speaker 1: and he basically said, look, this problem extends a lot 293 00:17:30,800 --> 00:17:34,200 Speaker 1: more to beyond lie, Like there's a lot of chemicals 294 00:17:34,280 --> 00:17:36,880 Speaker 1: that are poisoning kids. I think he actually did write 295 00:17:36,880 --> 00:17:40,560 Speaker 1: a thing about lie in particular. Um, but he was 296 00:17:40,760 --> 00:17:44,240 Speaker 1: he was saying like, no, this is this is worth cataloging. 297 00:17:44,280 --> 00:17:47,200 Speaker 1: And I think he started the process. He started the 298 00:17:47,200 --> 00:17:51,600 Speaker 1: whole cataloging poisons trend that became so huge in the thirties. Yeah, 299 00:17:51,680 --> 00:17:56,440 Speaker 1: he wrote a book called Beyond the Lie Colon just 300 00:17:56,560 --> 00:18:01,920 Speaker 1: kidding that that subtitle is terrible. Uh So, if you 301 00:18:01,960 --> 00:18:05,639 Speaker 1: want to look at the might be the father of 302 00:18:05,720 --> 00:18:08,800 Speaker 1: the Poison Control Center. Yeah, this is the guy. Not 303 00:18:09,040 --> 00:18:12,240 Speaker 1: not quite as awesome as being like the Godfather of 304 00:18:12,320 --> 00:18:16,399 Speaker 1: Soul or the Queen of Soul, or the father of 305 00:18:16,680 --> 00:18:20,480 Speaker 1: hip hop or Father Time. But if you're the father 306 00:18:20,560 --> 00:18:22,480 Speaker 1: of the Poison Control Center, you've done a lot of good. 307 00:18:22,840 --> 00:18:26,679 Speaker 1: And it was a pharmacist in Chicago name. Uh, I'm 308 00:18:26,680 --> 00:18:30,399 Speaker 1: gonna say Dolomon, Louis Dolman with a silent G on 309 00:18:30,480 --> 00:18:32,560 Speaker 1: the front. Does that make sense. I was gonna do 310 00:18:32,720 --> 00:18:35,200 Speaker 1: a shout out to our Australian listeners and say his 311 00:18:35,320 --> 00:18:40,399 Speaker 1: name is Louis Goodman. For all I know it is 312 00:18:40,480 --> 00:18:42,760 Speaker 1: Louie good Almond, but I'm gonna say Louis Dolman. And 313 00:18:42,920 --> 00:18:47,639 Speaker 1: he was the first person to really start collecting this data. Uh. 314 00:18:47,680 --> 00:18:49,640 Speaker 1: And he did it on index cards. Like I said, 315 00:18:49,800 --> 00:18:51,879 Speaker 1: much of the early work and still a lot of 316 00:18:51,920 --> 00:18:54,800 Speaker 1: the work they do, is categorizing and cataloging this stuff, 317 00:18:54,840 --> 00:18:58,239 Speaker 1: just because you gotta know what card to look up 318 00:18:58,400 --> 00:19:01,359 Speaker 1: if someone calls in to say they've been poisoned. And 319 00:19:01,480 --> 00:19:04,440 Speaker 1: this was through the forties, and he established a hotline. 320 00:19:04,560 --> 00:19:08,320 Speaker 1: Again this was only in the Chicago area, but you 321 00:19:08,440 --> 00:19:13,080 Speaker 1: could for um, I mean seven basically call and get 322 00:19:13,160 --> 00:19:16,920 Speaker 1: information as yeah, oh no. He would answer the phone 323 00:19:17,040 --> 00:19:20,560 Speaker 1: day or night. Yep. He basically said, I'm starting this. 324 00:19:20,760 --> 00:19:23,200 Speaker 1: I'm going to be by God, I'm gonna be known 325 00:19:23,240 --> 00:19:25,960 Speaker 1: as the father is something, and if it's poison control centers, 326 00:19:26,040 --> 00:19:28,719 Speaker 1: so be it. He had his little recipe book cards 327 00:19:29,920 --> 00:19:32,040 Speaker 1: literally and would just sit there and thumb through him 328 00:19:32,040 --> 00:19:34,280 Speaker 1: and read what he thought was going on. It's amazing. 329 00:19:34,720 --> 00:19:39,399 Speaker 1: He was very famous. His catchphrase was hold please, and 330 00:19:39,480 --> 00:19:41,440 Speaker 1: then you could hear him sorting through and be like, no, 331 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:47,879 Speaker 1: that's nothing. Eventually those made it to microfiche, right. So um, 332 00:19:48,520 --> 00:19:51,800 Speaker 1: he was not just because he created these um index 333 00:19:51,880 --> 00:19:54,240 Speaker 1: cards and started taking calls twenty four hours a day. 334 00:19:54,520 --> 00:19:56,359 Speaker 1: That's not the only reason he was the father of 335 00:19:56,440 --> 00:20:00,240 Speaker 1: the poison control center. He actually started founding with another guy, Ducker, 336 00:20:00,320 --> 00:20:04,320 Speaker 1: Edward Press, the first poison control centers that were beyond like, 337 00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:08,159 Speaker 1: you know, his bedroom at three in the morning. He 338 00:20:08,320 --> 00:20:11,000 Speaker 1: founded I think eleven of them to start, and then 339 00:20:11,080 --> 00:20:14,560 Speaker 1: eventually they created a trend that would be followed later 340 00:20:14,600 --> 00:20:17,480 Speaker 1: where they were consolidated into a single one, which it 341 00:20:17,560 --> 00:20:20,560 Speaker 1: turns out, as far as poison control centers is definitely 342 00:20:20,680 --> 00:20:23,639 Speaker 1: way more efficient than having a bunch of different poison 343 00:20:23,720 --> 00:20:28,000 Speaker 1: control centers, and they they had like nurses, they had 344 00:20:28,119 --> 00:20:30,520 Speaker 1: doctors working there, they had people who knew what they 345 00:20:30,560 --> 00:20:36,800 Speaker 1: were talking about, and they were creating like the first database, 346 00:20:36,960 --> 00:20:41,880 Speaker 1: the first generalized information about poisonings, about toxicology, like really 347 00:20:41,960 --> 00:20:47,200 Speaker 1: helping establish this field from taking data from real world 348 00:20:47,280 --> 00:20:50,120 Speaker 1: examples that were the people who were calling in for help. 349 00:20:50,400 --> 00:20:52,040 Speaker 1: So it was like a twofold thing. They were helping 350 00:20:52,119 --> 00:20:55,000 Speaker 1: the people there, they were helping the doctors who were 351 00:20:55,040 --> 00:20:59,160 Speaker 1: helping their patients UM, and they were also gathering data 352 00:20:59,200 --> 00:21:02,800 Speaker 1: to create kind of this this foundation for understanding the 353 00:21:02,880 --> 00:21:07,520 Speaker 1: effects of toxic chemicals on the human body. Yeah, and 354 00:21:07,600 --> 00:21:11,080 Speaker 1: this was I think within five years of that Chicago 355 00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:15,159 Speaker 1: system there were two d and sixty five centers opened 356 00:21:15,200 --> 00:21:19,119 Speaker 1: in the US, but again still no sort of central 357 00:21:19,200 --> 00:21:24,159 Speaker 1: database or national framework or even certification process. Uh. They 358 00:21:24,240 --> 00:21:25,840 Speaker 1: were doing a lot of good work, but these first 359 00:21:26,080 --> 00:21:29,160 Speaker 1: UM efforts were really different than today's in a couple 360 00:21:29,200 --> 00:21:33,040 Speaker 1: of big ways. Uh. One, I mean the biggest one 361 00:21:33,160 --> 00:21:36,119 Speaker 1: is that when you call now, you are the human 362 00:21:36,200 --> 00:21:38,840 Speaker 1: that has just swallowed something. Calling Back in the day, 363 00:21:39,280 --> 00:21:41,760 Speaker 1: if you're poison you called your doctor, then the doctor 364 00:21:41,800 --> 00:21:44,199 Speaker 1: would call the poison control center and get their advice 365 00:21:44,280 --> 00:21:48,120 Speaker 1: from there. And I think nineteen sixty one is when 366 00:21:48,440 --> 00:21:51,920 Speaker 1: these direct calls from the public started to be introduced, 367 00:21:51,960 --> 00:21:55,720 Speaker 1: which was a big, big, super necessary change, so that 368 00:21:55,920 --> 00:21:58,960 Speaker 1: I mean, that is a huge deal to to to 369 00:21:59,160 --> 00:22:01,840 Speaker 1: just go straight to poison control center because before you 370 00:22:01,920 --> 00:22:03,560 Speaker 1: had to go to your doctor and then they went 371 00:22:03,640 --> 00:22:06,440 Speaker 1: to the poison control center. And apparently that's still the 372 00:22:06,680 --> 00:22:09,240 Speaker 1: case in a lot of European countries, but in the 373 00:22:09,400 --> 00:22:12,000 Speaker 1: United States you can just call somebody who knows that 374 00:22:12,040 --> 00:22:14,919 Speaker 1: they're talking about with poisons. And that is a really 375 00:22:15,200 --> 00:22:20,760 Speaker 1: big um effect that poison control centers have is they 376 00:22:21,560 --> 00:22:26,240 Speaker 1: prevent unnecessary healthcare spending because, as we'll see, the vast 377 00:22:26,320 --> 00:22:29,920 Speaker 1: majority of UM calls to poison control centers can be 378 00:22:30,080 --> 00:22:32,879 Speaker 1: resolved like at the place it's happening, whether it's work 379 00:22:33,000 --> 00:22:34,560 Speaker 1: or whether it's at your house or something like that. 380 00:22:34,960 --> 00:22:37,000 Speaker 1: You don't actually have to go to the hospital. So 381 00:22:37,080 --> 00:22:39,200 Speaker 1: if you're not showing up to an emergency room or 382 00:22:39,200 --> 00:22:41,879 Speaker 1: a doctor's office or something, that means that's time that 383 00:22:42,040 --> 00:22:44,639 Speaker 1: somebody else who does need to be there can be 384 00:22:45,119 --> 00:22:48,480 Speaker 1: be having attention paid to them, and it's just less 385 00:22:48,600 --> 00:22:51,840 Speaker 1: money spent on healthcare for you showing up. And I 386 00:22:51,920 --> 00:22:56,200 Speaker 1: saw in some Massachusetts Rhode Island poison control center website 387 00:22:56,600 --> 00:22:59,800 Speaker 1: they estimated that for every dollar invested into a poison 388 00:23:00,040 --> 00:23:04,440 Speaker 1: troll center, it saves thirteen dollars in healthcare spending and 389 00:23:04,560 --> 00:23:07,720 Speaker 1: lost productivity. It's amazing, it really is. And that's a 390 00:23:07,840 --> 00:23:09,879 Speaker 1: huge function that they play. You know, you think of 391 00:23:09,960 --> 00:23:12,280 Speaker 1: like poison control centers is basically being like, oh, I 392 00:23:12,400 --> 00:23:16,560 Speaker 1: just accidentally drank some anti freeze or something, uh, and 393 00:23:18,080 --> 00:23:19,720 Speaker 1: you know, I need to call and get some help. 394 00:23:20,119 --> 00:23:22,439 Speaker 1: But there's you know, these other roles that are easily 395 00:23:22,520 --> 00:23:25,159 Speaker 1: overlooked that are really important as well that they that 396 00:23:25,280 --> 00:23:28,719 Speaker 1: they play. That's kind of evolved over time totally. Um. 397 00:23:28,920 --> 00:23:33,399 Speaker 1: So I mentioned the two big changes over the years, uh, 398 00:23:33,480 --> 00:23:35,440 Speaker 1: and one was that you call in instead of your doctor. 399 00:23:35,480 --> 00:23:38,080 Speaker 1: The other big one was back then, in the early days, 400 00:23:38,160 --> 00:23:43,119 Speaker 1: it was almost entirely centered around pediatric poisoning. Uh. And 401 00:23:43,320 --> 00:23:44,880 Speaker 1: you know, we have some stats will get too later 402 00:23:44,920 --> 00:23:48,480 Speaker 1: you can see why children are still the most poisoned 403 00:23:48,800 --> 00:23:52,240 Speaker 1: UM in the population, just you know, from accidents. But 404 00:23:53,000 --> 00:23:56,040 Speaker 1: it's uh, they just didn't have a lot of um 405 00:23:56,480 --> 00:23:58,800 Speaker 1: data on adult poisoning back then, so it was really 406 00:23:58,880 --> 00:24:02,640 Speaker 1: folk child focus and they could help with adult poisonings. 407 00:24:02,680 --> 00:24:04,280 Speaker 1: It's not like they would hang up or anything like that, 408 00:24:05,040 --> 00:24:07,719 Speaker 1: but it was kids getting their hands on poison as 409 00:24:07,800 --> 00:24:11,240 Speaker 1: kind of the big concern. Yeah, so they're starting to 410 00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:14,680 Speaker 1: develop in the thirties, forties, fifties, and then UM an 411 00:24:14,720 --> 00:24:18,800 Speaker 1: important person named Leroy edgar Berney who was a Surgeon 412 00:24:18,880 --> 00:24:22,239 Speaker 1: General of the United States in the late fifties. UM 413 00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:25,040 Speaker 1: he got involved. He took an interest in the idea 414 00:24:25,040 --> 00:24:30,159 Speaker 1: of poison control centers, started National Poison Awareness Week, I believe, 415 00:24:30,800 --> 00:24:34,800 Speaker 1: and UM founded the National Clearinghouse for Poison Control Centers, 416 00:24:35,280 --> 00:24:38,400 Speaker 1: which is it took that database idea that started out 417 00:24:38,440 --> 00:24:43,159 Speaker 1: as index cards that Lewis Dolman created in his kitchen 418 00:24:43,640 --> 00:24:47,159 Speaker 1: and and really kind of professionalized it and made it 419 00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:49,960 Speaker 1: like this this big thing that everybody at all the 420 00:24:50,040 --> 00:24:53,639 Speaker 1: poison control centers around the country could contribute to UM 421 00:24:53,800 --> 00:24:56,680 Speaker 1: and making it this growing body of knowledge. And it 422 00:24:56,800 --> 00:25:00,760 Speaker 1: also became something of a magnet for grant and funding 423 00:25:00,840 --> 00:25:04,040 Speaker 1: and all that because everyone recognizes, you know this this 424 00:25:04,480 --> 00:25:08,639 Speaker 1: role of collecting data for toxicology is really important, and 425 00:25:08,760 --> 00:25:11,840 Speaker 1: that's where a lot of the funding, especially any federal 426 00:25:11,920 --> 00:25:15,159 Speaker 1: funding that UM poison Control center might get is kind 427 00:25:15,200 --> 00:25:17,800 Speaker 1: of aim toward. Yeah, and they were still at the 428 00:25:17,880 --> 00:25:22,639 Speaker 1: time using literal carbon paper to create multiple copies of 429 00:25:22,720 --> 00:25:26,399 Speaker 1: these things. I think in seventy four there was a 430 00:25:26,400 --> 00:25:30,600 Speaker 1: commercial toxicology data set put together finally kind of internets 431 00:25:30,640 --> 00:25:34,560 Speaker 1: called Poisondex. I love it. It's pretty good. UM still 432 00:25:34,640 --> 00:25:37,520 Speaker 1: in use today. But it's it was funny reading all 433 00:25:37,560 --> 00:25:39,639 Speaker 1: this stuff. It's like, I don't know if there's ever 434 00:25:39,760 --> 00:25:44,320 Speaker 1: been an institution that was more crying out for the 435 00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:47,959 Speaker 1: Internet to be born. Yeah, as far as just as 436 00:25:48,000 --> 00:25:52,240 Speaker 1: we'll see with consolidation and efficiencies and sharing of information. 437 00:25:52,680 --> 00:25:55,960 Speaker 1: I mean, the Internet changed every everything, uh, you know, 438 00:25:56,600 --> 00:25:58,159 Speaker 1: as far as this stuff goes for the better. But 439 00:25:58,880 --> 00:26:02,400 Speaker 1: UM poison Control role centers really like when you're mailing 440 00:26:03,600 --> 00:26:07,440 Speaker 1: uh pamphlets around the country and you're putting things together 441 00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:11,000 Speaker 1: with carbon paper and index cards and even microfiche, it's 442 00:26:11,080 --> 00:26:14,159 Speaker 1: like all they needed was the Internet to really make 443 00:26:14,200 --> 00:26:17,600 Speaker 1: it a robust system. Yeah, and they they did. I 444 00:26:17,680 --> 00:26:22,719 Speaker 1: think they added by hand the Internet, right, Like fifty 445 00:26:22,840 --> 00:26:27,480 Speaker 1: million incidents were eventually added a little by little. It's 446 00:26:27,480 --> 00:26:29,679 Speaker 1: a lot of hard work to what became known as 447 00:26:29,760 --> 00:26:33,080 Speaker 1: the National Poison Data System the MPDS, and that's still 448 00:26:33,200 --> 00:26:36,879 Speaker 1: in in uh in use today. So there's a ton 449 00:26:37,119 --> 00:26:40,280 Speaker 1: of information. Like every time you call poison control and 450 00:26:40,359 --> 00:26:43,160 Speaker 1: they start a case that the details of that case 451 00:26:43,280 --> 00:26:46,879 Speaker 1: end up being added to the poison data system. Um, 452 00:26:47,080 --> 00:26:50,000 Speaker 1: and so that database is growing, you know, every day. 453 00:26:50,600 --> 00:26:53,960 Speaker 1: Should we take that second break? I think? So, all right, 454 00:26:54,040 --> 00:26:56,960 Speaker 1: let's take another break, and we'll flash forward to the 455 00:26:57,040 --> 00:26:59,399 Speaker 1: wild seventies and eighties and see what was going on 456 00:26:59,520 --> 00:27:23,480 Speaker 1: in the poison control centers. Okay, chuck, it's the seventies 457 00:27:23,600 --> 00:27:27,440 Speaker 1: and anybody at the poison control centers are taking pills 458 00:27:27,480 --> 00:27:32,040 Speaker 1: themselves sometimes have to call in for help. Um. The 459 00:27:32,119 --> 00:27:36,840 Speaker 1: eighties weren't much better, and there's some other stuff going on. Yeah, 460 00:27:37,040 --> 00:27:40,800 Speaker 1: So in the seventies are um with the advent of 461 00:27:40,920 --> 00:27:45,000 Speaker 1: more people abusing pills, that became a larger focus of 462 00:27:45,080 --> 00:27:49,480 Speaker 1: poison control centers and the toxicology. I think in seventy 463 00:27:49,560 --> 00:27:52,600 Speaker 1: four was when the prescription pill bottles, and I think 464 00:27:52,640 --> 00:27:56,080 Speaker 1: we talked about this in the wasn't the title at all? No, 465 00:27:56,160 --> 00:27:59,720 Speaker 1: because that was over the counter prescription pills were in 466 00:27:59,800 --> 00:28:02,480 Speaker 1: nine and seventy four. As far as child proofing, and 467 00:28:03,080 --> 00:28:06,280 Speaker 1: that really made a marked difference over the next couple 468 00:28:06,359 --> 00:28:11,280 Speaker 1: of decades and kids being poisoned by by drugs. Yeah, 469 00:28:11,359 --> 00:28:15,520 Speaker 1: between seventy four and ninety six, the incidents of kids 470 00:28:15,680 --> 00:28:22,240 Speaker 1: dying from prescription pill poisonings decreased by So that was 471 00:28:22,280 --> 00:28:25,960 Speaker 1: a really good federal law. And what's interesting is because 472 00:28:26,040 --> 00:28:29,240 Speaker 1: of that law, and because of these information campaigns that 473 00:28:29,280 --> 00:28:31,680 Speaker 1: were drummed up to kind of like not just let 474 00:28:31,800 --> 00:28:35,240 Speaker 1: parents know about, you know, the hazards of of dangerous chemicals, 475 00:28:35,280 --> 00:28:38,640 Speaker 1: but also let kids know too, poisonings of children actually 476 00:28:38,720 --> 00:28:42,200 Speaker 1: declined so dramatically that there was a vacuum left open, 477 00:28:42,720 --> 00:28:46,880 Speaker 1: basically free time that toxicologists and poison centers had to 478 00:28:47,080 --> 00:28:51,520 Speaker 1: start investigating and better understanding adult poisoning incidents as well. 479 00:28:52,160 --> 00:28:54,320 Speaker 1: So there's kind of a shift in the seventies and 480 00:28:54,400 --> 00:28:56,800 Speaker 1: eighties in that sense. Yeah, and then in the sixties, 481 00:28:56,840 --> 00:28:59,920 Speaker 1: another one of my favorite things in pop culture history 482 00:29:00,080 --> 00:29:04,320 Speaker 1: happened is when they decided that, you know, we're using 483 00:29:04,360 --> 00:29:08,680 Speaker 1: the skull and crossbones to indicate something as poisonous, and 484 00:29:08,760 --> 00:29:12,920 Speaker 1: it turns out children love pirates, so that's probably sending 485 00:29:12,960 --> 00:29:15,320 Speaker 1: a mixed message. So we need to we need to 486 00:29:15,360 --> 00:29:18,240 Speaker 1: do something about this. So they mounted in Pittsburgh what's 487 00:29:18,240 --> 00:29:22,280 Speaker 1: called the Mr. Yuck y Uk campaign, and it was 488 00:29:22,360 --> 00:29:25,360 Speaker 1: to get a new logo basically that kids would not 489 00:29:25,680 --> 00:29:28,920 Speaker 1: want to go drink the product like because they thought 490 00:29:28,920 --> 00:29:32,440 Speaker 1: it was Pirates juice or whatever Pirates room. And uh 491 00:29:32,840 --> 00:29:34,440 Speaker 1: they did a little thing where they got all these 492 00:29:34,520 --> 00:29:38,400 Speaker 1: different logos and designs created, showed them to a bunch 493 00:29:38,400 --> 00:29:41,880 Speaker 1: of kids and said which ones do you least like? 494 00:29:42,160 --> 00:29:46,000 Speaker 1: Which one of these designs is yuck to you? And 495 00:29:46,160 --> 00:29:51,880 Speaker 1: they chose a picture of Martin Screwley's face. It's amazing. Wow, 496 00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:54,720 Speaker 1: that was quite a build up. I wish I could 497 00:29:55,200 --> 00:29:57,040 Speaker 1: read out all the different faces I have on this 498 00:29:57,160 --> 00:30:00,760 Speaker 1: page before I settled on Martin Screlly. Who else you 499 00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:02,640 Speaker 1: gotta give us? I don't really think I can, because 500 00:30:02,680 --> 00:30:06,240 Speaker 1: I took them off for reasons, because you can't go 501 00:30:06,400 --> 00:30:10,720 Speaker 1: after someone hard unless it's a guy like that, you know. Yeah, 502 00:30:10,760 --> 00:30:16,560 Speaker 1: I got to sure, sure, well, because I gotta know, 503 00:30:16,680 --> 00:30:19,040 Speaker 1: I forget about everybody else. I just need to know. 504 00:30:19,400 --> 00:30:21,240 Speaker 1: Uh No, it was actually what they called it was 505 00:30:21,360 --> 00:30:23,520 Speaker 1: Mr Yuck and it was the what you see now 506 00:30:23,600 --> 00:30:27,160 Speaker 1: a lot of times, is that sort of sick green um, 507 00:30:27,320 --> 00:30:30,000 Speaker 1: emoji face that's really upset. It looks like it's kind 508 00:30:30,000 --> 00:30:33,560 Speaker 1: of puky, and kids are like, I don't like that face. 509 00:30:33,720 --> 00:30:35,640 Speaker 1: So they said, well, I guess that's what we'll start using. 510 00:30:35,680 --> 00:30:38,440 Speaker 1: Then they said perfect, yeah, yeah that when that was 511 00:30:38,520 --> 00:30:41,600 Speaker 1: pretty successful too. Um. And then one of the other 512 00:30:41,720 --> 00:30:44,760 Speaker 1: things that really kind of happened during this time because 513 00:30:44,800 --> 00:30:46,560 Speaker 1: I guess poison control centers were a bit of a 514 00:30:46,640 --> 00:30:50,160 Speaker 1: victim of their own success. Um, there was this push 515 00:30:50,240 --> 00:30:55,280 Speaker 1: for consolidation. Um. There was just so many poison control 516 00:30:55,360 --> 00:30:57,959 Speaker 1: centers and now they were working thanks to the National 517 00:30:58,160 --> 00:31:02,440 Speaker 1: Poison Data System. They were like working in tandem with 518 00:31:02,600 --> 00:31:05,920 Speaker 1: one another, like they were sharing information and knowledge and 519 00:31:06,000 --> 00:31:07,880 Speaker 1: that kind of stuff. But there were just too many 520 00:31:07,960 --> 00:31:11,080 Speaker 1: of them. There's an unnecessary need or an unnecessary number. 521 00:31:11,440 --> 00:31:14,440 Speaker 1: And then even more inefficiently, despite the fact that there 522 00:31:14,480 --> 00:31:18,000 Speaker 1: were six hundred and fifty almost poison control centers in 523 00:31:18,040 --> 00:31:22,120 Speaker 1: the United States, only about half of the American population 524 00:31:22,640 --> 00:31:25,360 Speaker 1: was covered by a poison control center. Like, if you 525 00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:30,160 Speaker 1: were poisoned in Topeka, say you had to drive to 526 00:31:30,360 --> 00:31:32,920 Speaker 1: Kansas City and use the phone to call a poison 527 00:31:33,000 --> 00:31:35,960 Speaker 1: control center. I made that up, but I bet it's 528 00:31:36,040 --> 00:31:38,680 Speaker 1: pretty close. To accurate, and if those cities aren't correct, 529 00:31:39,000 --> 00:31:44,080 Speaker 1: the general sentiment is okay, everybody, so just layoff. Uh. 530 00:31:44,200 --> 00:31:47,880 Speaker 1: And even the most robust poison control centers were getting 531 00:31:47,920 --> 00:31:51,880 Speaker 1: like maybe ten calls a day, So that's just really 532 00:31:51,960 --> 00:31:54,200 Speaker 1: inefficient that. Like you said, they were sharing information. That 533 00:31:54,360 --> 00:31:57,200 Speaker 1: was good, but it was ironically sort of the lack 534 00:31:57,280 --> 00:32:00,440 Speaker 1: of budgeting that led them to start. It wasn't like 535 00:32:00,520 --> 00:32:03,600 Speaker 1: they said, hey, let's just start shrinking are the number 536 00:32:03,640 --> 00:32:06,160 Speaker 1: of these centers? They were kind of forced to and 537 00:32:06,200 --> 00:32:08,640 Speaker 1: then the writing was on the wall, like there's a 538 00:32:08,760 --> 00:32:11,840 Speaker 1: much more efficient way to do this, because we're talking 539 00:32:11,840 --> 00:32:16,000 Speaker 1: about call centers, you know. Yeah, is there anything that 540 00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:21,480 Speaker 1: Ronald Reagan couldn't do? Chuck? He never won an Academy Award, 541 00:32:22,680 --> 00:32:24,560 Speaker 1: I believe it. Have you seen any of his movies? 542 00:32:24,800 --> 00:32:28,720 Speaker 1: I haven't actually oh that he was not a great actor. No, 543 00:32:29,800 --> 00:32:32,760 Speaker 1: they weren't good particularly so yeah, I haven't seen in 544 00:32:32,880 --> 00:32:36,640 Speaker 1: those old westerns. So but the upshot of it, um, Well, 545 00:32:36,680 --> 00:32:38,560 Speaker 1: he was also in like hell Cats of the Navy, 546 00:32:38,640 --> 00:32:40,360 Speaker 1: that's where he met Nancy. And that was a World 547 00:32:40,400 --> 00:32:43,040 Speaker 1: War two picture. Okay, I didn't see that one either. 548 00:32:43,480 --> 00:32:46,640 Speaker 1: I didn't either. I've seen bits of it. How about that, 549 00:32:46,840 --> 00:32:50,600 Speaker 1: you know, I have to he wasn't a great actor. 550 00:32:51,160 --> 00:32:54,880 Speaker 1: But the upshot of it was UM that uh, that 551 00:32:55,200 --> 00:32:57,800 Speaker 1: there were fewer poison control centers, and that actually panned 552 00:32:57,800 --> 00:32:59,920 Speaker 1: out to be a good thing. It was surprising to 553 00:33:00,120 --> 00:33:03,800 Speaker 1: me was despite the fact that automated switching UM was 554 00:33:03,880 --> 00:33:08,200 Speaker 1: introduced in the seventies or the eighties at a T 555 00:33:08,360 --> 00:33:10,720 Speaker 1: and T invented in the seventies, introduced in the eighties, 556 00:33:11,000 --> 00:33:14,040 Speaker 1: it wasn't until two thousand one or two thousand two 557 00:33:14,440 --> 00:33:17,800 Speaker 1: that there is a single national eight hundred number for 558 00:33:18,120 --> 00:33:20,960 Speaker 1: poison control centers in the US. We should say that number. 559 00:33:22,040 --> 00:33:27,040 Speaker 1: I agree we should. If we that would be totally US. 560 00:33:27,080 --> 00:33:30,520 Speaker 1: I actually wrote it down on the front. Make sure. Yeah, 561 00:33:31,520 --> 00:33:34,480 Speaker 1: it's an eight hundred to two two one to two two. 562 00:33:37,040 --> 00:33:39,040 Speaker 1: You had to do it like a TV commercial. Okay, 563 00:33:39,080 --> 00:33:41,960 Speaker 1: do it. That's one eight hundred two two two one 564 00:33:42,120 --> 00:33:46,440 Speaker 1: to two two again one eight hundred to two two 565 00:33:46,960 --> 00:33:49,400 Speaker 1: one to two two. That's we're making a joke, but 566 00:33:49,480 --> 00:33:51,760 Speaker 1: that's what you're supposed to do. You know, three times 567 00:33:52,000 --> 00:33:54,880 Speaker 1: you gotta do it. I think by two thousand two 568 00:33:55,720 --> 00:33:59,120 Speaker 1: that number had shrunk to sixty four pccs in the US, 569 00:33:59,600 --> 00:34:02,400 Speaker 1: and that's when that that toll free number was introduced. 570 00:34:02,800 --> 00:34:04,600 Speaker 1: I'm sorry, it was in two thousand one, I think 571 00:34:04,640 --> 00:34:08,879 Speaker 1: that was introduced, and by that time it went from 572 00:34:09,160 --> 00:34:12,680 Speaker 1: six and fifty servicing half the United States to sixty 573 00:34:12,719 --> 00:34:15,160 Speaker 1: four servicing all of the United States. Yeah, I think 574 00:34:15,160 --> 00:34:17,560 Speaker 1: it's down to fifty five now. It's a lean, mean 575 00:34:17,680 --> 00:34:21,280 Speaker 1: efficiency machine, thank you all, thanks to that national number. 576 00:34:21,640 --> 00:34:24,719 Speaker 1: And so there's fifty five. That doesn't mean there's one 577 00:34:24,800 --> 00:34:27,840 Speaker 1: in every state, and five states have two. There's actually 578 00:34:27,920 --> 00:34:29,799 Speaker 1: some states that don't have any. Like I was saying, 579 00:34:30,120 --> 00:34:34,200 Speaker 1: there's a shared regional poison control center between Massachusetts and 580 00:34:34,280 --> 00:34:38,240 Speaker 1: Rhode Island, UM, but they there. So there's some states 581 00:34:38,280 --> 00:34:41,600 Speaker 1: that don't have their own. But everybody is served because 582 00:34:42,000 --> 00:34:44,640 Speaker 1: they can call that number. It gets routed to either 583 00:34:44,719 --> 00:34:47,960 Speaker 1: your closest poison control center or a poison control center 584 00:34:48,120 --> 00:34:51,880 Speaker 1: whose line isn't busy. Right then, because you're you know, 585 00:34:52,200 --> 00:34:57,239 Speaker 1: what you're ingesting in, um, you know, San Diego is 586 00:34:57,320 --> 00:35:00,880 Speaker 1: probably the same product that you would be jesting in, 587 00:35:01,200 --> 00:35:04,880 Speaker 1: you know, Burlington, Vermont. So it doesn't really matter who 588 00:35:04,960 --> 00:35:07,120 Speaker 1: you talked to. They're going to also be working from 589 00:35:07,160 --> 00:35:10,239 Speaker 1: the same data set, the National Poison Data System. So 590 00:35:10,640 --> 00:35:13,200 Speaker 1: whoever can get to the phone, UM, you're gonna be 591 00:35:13,280 --> 00:35:16,960 Speaker 1: talking to somebody who is either a doctor, UM, most 592 00:35:17,080 --> 00:35:20,880 Speaker 1: likely a nurse, or there are specialists a poison control 593 00:35:20,960 --> 00:35:24,719 Speaker 1: specialists UM, who's basically an information person. They're not a 594 00:35:25,040 --> 00:35:28,080 Speaker 1: they're not a healthcare provider, but they work under the 595 00:35:28,160 --> 00:35:30,520 Speaker 1: auspices of say like a nurse or a doctor at 596 00:35:30,520 --> 00:35:33,960 Speaker 1: the poison control center. And they are UM certified and 597 00:35:34,600 --> 00:35:40,439 Speaker 1: ongoing educated in toxicology, so they know what they're talking about. Yeah, 598 00:35:40,520 --> 00:35:42,640 Speaker 1: so you you could go work for a poison control 599 00:35:42,680 --> 00:35:44,960 Speaker 1: center if you wanted to and not go to medical 600 00:35:45,160 --> 00:35:48,000 Speaker 1: school or get medical training. You just get on the 601 00:35:48,080 --> 00:35:50,400 Speaker 1: job training. I think there's a lot of pharmacists too 602 00:35:51,160 --> 00:35:54,440 Speaker 1: to take these calls UM, and as efficiently as they 603 00:35:54,560 --> 00:35:58,359 Speaker 1: run it is maybe this is why, uh, they are 604 00:35:58,440 --> 00:36:00,600 Speaker 1: not like the day to day ops are still not 605 00:36:00,800 --> 00:36:05,080 Speaker 1: federally funded. UM. They do get some federal funding, like 606 00:36:05,120 --> 00:36:08,839 Speaker 1: through the CDC for data collection, and but a lot 607 00:36:08,920 --> 00:36:13,920 Speaker 1: of it comes through affiliated institutions, local health departments. UM. 608 00:36:13,960 --> 00:36:16,920 Speaker 1: Like I said a little from the CDC, and I 609 00:36:17,040 --> 00:36:20,239 Speaker 1: think the there was a there was another act. The 610 00:36:20,280 --> 00:36:24,600 Speaker 1: Poison Control Center Enhancement an Awareness Act provided. I think 611 00:36:24,640 --> 00:36:27,480 Speaker 1: they provided the funds for the number, but they're still like, hey, 612 00:36:28,400 --> 00:36:30,160 Speaker 1: you want to keep the lights on and keep it staffed. 613 00:36:30,200 --> 00:36:34,480 Speaker 1: You're not getting federally funded, which is interesting. I mean 614 00:36:34,520 --> 00:36:37,040 Speaker 1: it's working though, so I guess maybe there's something to 615 00:36:37,160 --> 00:36:40,960 Speaker 1: be said for getting the federal government out of this situation. Sure, 616 00:36:41,080 --> 00:36:42,880 Speaker 1: But at the same time, it makes you wonder like 617 00:36:43,280 --> 00:36:45,960 Speaker 1: what they could be doing if they weren't chronically underfunded, 618 00:36:46,040 --> 00:36:48,480 Speaker 1: Like if they didn't have to have bake sales, do 619 00:36:48,760 --> 00:36:53,520 Speaker 1: contract poisonings for local mobs or um asked for donations 620 00:36:53,600 --> 00:36:56,160 Speaker 1: like that. That that stat I got about one dollar 621 00:36:56,280 --> 00:36:59,520 Speaker 1: being invested in turning into thirteen dollars saved. That was 622 00:36:59,600 --> 00:37:03,359 Speaker 1: from a nation page for a poison control center. I mean, 623 00:37:03,440 --> 00:37:06,560 Speaker 1: come on, like those things should be you know, they 624 00:37:06,600 --> 00:37:08,759 Speaker 1: don't have to be like bloated or anything like that, 625 00:37:08,840 --> 00:37:12,080 Speaker 1: but they shouldn't be underfunded. That's just dumb. Yeah, And 626 00:37:12,200 --> 00:37:16,399 Speaker 1: I think, just so people don't misunderstand, I wasn't saying, like, good, 627 00:37:16,520 --> 00:37:19,520 Speaker 1: the federal government, you know, funds too many things, but 628 00:37:20,280 --> 00:37:23,800 Speaker 1: the fact that they are a lean, mean poison control machine. 629 00:37:24,440 --> 00:37:26,920 Speaker 1: It doesn't surprise me that the federal government is involved. 630 00:37:26,920 --> 00:37:29,320 Speaker 1: You know what I mean? Yeah, you're like, watch everyone 631 00:37:29,400 --> 00:37:32,520 Speaker 1: as I turned into a fiscal conservative before your very eyes. 632 00:37:33,960 --> 00:37:39,480 Speaker 1: Poof Um, alright, what what just happened? I don't know. 633 00:37:39,719 --> 00:37:43,080 Speaker 1: Did you convert back? No? I'm good. That was close. 634 00:37:44,680 --> 00:37:47,440 Speaker 1: So um, all right, what happened? You call a poison 635 00:37:47,480 --> 00:37:50,480 Speaker 1: control center. You're gonna get that call answered, like you 636 00:37:50,560 --> 00:37:54,239 Speaker 1: mentioned earlier, not necessarily by the one in Atlanta. Um, 637 00:37:54,440 --> 00:37:56,640 Speaker 1: if they're busy, they may broute you to just a 638 00:37:56,680 --> 00:38:00,239 Speaker 1: different one. They'll be very friendly, they'll keep you calm. Yeah, 639 00:38:00,280 --> 00:38:02,839 Speaker 1: that's the impression I have. I didn't actually call one 640 00:38:02,920 --> 00:38:05,320 Speaker 1: because I didn't want to. I was scared too, But 641 00:38:05,560 --> 00:38:08,640 Speaker 1: apparently you can just to get information if you want. Sure. 642 00:38:09,320 --> 00:38:11,319 Speaker 1: The first thing they're gonna do, though, is is route 643 00:38:11,360 --> 00:38:15,960 Speaker 1: your call, like if you're uh, if you just mistakenly 644 00:38:16,000 --> 00:38:17,640 Speaker 1: called the number, because the first one you could think 645 00:38:17,680 --> 00:38:20,719 Speaker 1: about after a car accident, they would say they would 646 00:38:20,840 --> 00:38:22,919 Speaker 1: route you to nine one one and say maybe like, boy, 647 00:38:22,960 --> 00:38:24,759 Speaker 1: you must have hit your head or something that way, 648 00:38:24,920 --> 00:38:28,600 Speaker 1: dumb you remembered eight hundred two two two one to 649 00:38:28,840 --> 00:38:31,120 Speaker 1: two two over nine one one? Are you kidding me? 650 00:38:31,280 --> 00:38:34,200 Speaker 1: Crazy things have happened. And also that's another thing too. 651 00:38:34,200 --> 00:38:36,120 Speaker 1: You can call nine one one and they can actually 652 00:38:36,239 --> 00:38:39,080 Speaker 1: route you to poison control centers. What goes both ways. 653 00:38:39,480 --> 00:38:41,839 Speaker 1: But I saw frequently they get calls from people who 654 00:38:42,160 --> 00:38:45,480 Speaker 1: are suffering or think they're suffering, like food poisoning. They 655 00:38:45,520 --> 00:38:47,440 Speaker 1: don't handle that kind of thing, but they will make 656 00:38:47,480 --> 00:38:50,320 Speaker 1: sure that you get to somebody who does. Right. So 657 00:38:50,440 --> 00:38:52,359 Speaker 1: they're gonna they're gonna talk you through that to begin 658 00:38:52,440 --> 00:38:55,400 Speaker 1: with reroute you if they need to. They're gonna start 659 00:38:55,520 --> 00:39:00,120 Speaker 1: immediately providing uh treatment advice, like if it's an a 660 00:39:00,200 --> 00:39:03,120 Speaker 1: real emergency, they're gonna they're gonna, you know, kind of 661 00:39:03,200 --> 00:39:05,280 Speaker 1: tell you what to do in the immediate like minutes 662 00:39:05,360 --> 00:39:08,319 Speaker 1: that you're on the phone, uh, consult with anyone else 663 00:39:08,360 --> 00:39:10,920 Speaker 1: they need to. And if you do need emergency care, 664 00:39:11,719 --> 00:39:13,200 Speaker 1: and we'll go over the stats here in a second 665 00:39:13,239 --> 00:39:15,480 Speaker 1: of how many actually do, which is not as many 666 00:39:15,480 --> 00:39:18,319 Speaker 1: as you would think. They will call the paramedics, they 667 00:39:18,400 --> 00:39:21,319 Speaker 1: will call ahead to the local e er. They're gonna say, hey, 668 00:39:21,440 --> 00:39:23,520 Speaker 1: you've got someone coming in. His name is Josh Clark. 669 00:39:24,000 --> 00:39:26,200 Speaker 1: He drank pine sall he thought it was apple juice. 670 00:39:26,840 --> 00:39:30,560 Speaker 1: And they'll say Josh Clark the podcaster. He's pretty dumb, apparently, 671 00:39:31,239 --> 00:39:33,840 Speaker 1: And they will arrange kind of for all that ahead 672 00:39:33,840 --> 00:39:35,880 Speaker 1: of time. They might even order test in the hospital, 673 00:39:36,320 --> 00:39:39,120 Speaker 1: maybe a pizza, maybe a pizza or some other treatment. 674 00:39:39,760 --> 00:39:42,480 Speaker 1: And they will even monitor and follow up on cases. 675 00:39:42,960 --> 00:39:46,719 Speaker 1: Yeah until a Yeah, they keep and even if you're 676 00:39:46,840 --> 00:39:48,480 Speaker 1: you know, if you're going to the hospital, they might, 677 00:39:48,640 --> 00:39:53,040 Speaker 1: um they might coordinate you being transferred to a specialized center. Um. 678 00:39:53,160 --> 00:39:55,320 Speaker 1: Like they are really, like I was saying, hands on. 679 00:39:55,960 --> 00:39:58,239 Speaker 1: And then even if you stay at home, if they're 680 00:39:58,280 --> 00:40:01,480 Speaker 1: like okay, this is good, You're you're fine, and like, uh, okay, 681 00:40:01,520 --> 00:40:05,000 Speaker 1: this is fine. You were overwhelmed by oven cleaner fumes 682 00:40:05,080 --> 00:40:07,280 Speaker 1: or something like that. Just you know, open the windows, 683 00:40:07,400 --> 00:40:10,400 Speaker 1: go outside. You're you know, take a few minutes, but 684 00:40:10,480 --> 00:40:12,800 Speaker 1: you're probably gonna be okay. I'm gonna stay on the 685 00:40:12,880 --> 00:40:15,480 Speaker 1: phone with you whatever. After you get off the phone, 686 00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:18,920 Speaker 1: they'll probably call you back in a half hour, an 687 00:40:18,960 --> 00:40:20,680 Speaker 1: hour or something like that to check on you, to 688 00:40:20,760 --> 00:40:23,680 Speaker 1: make sure you're still doing okay. Like I love poison 689 00:40:23,760 --> 00:40:26,800 Speaker 1: control specialists. I think they're just the bomb. You know what, 690 00:40:27,239 --> 00:40:31,479 Speaker 1: now I'm remembering we did call poison control one time 691 00:40:32,440 --> 00:40:36,200 Speaker 1: when my daughter was a baby. Totally forgot about this. 692 00:40:36,280 --> 00:40:38,560 Speaker 1: I don't even remember what it was. It turned out 693 00:40:38,560 --> 00:40:42,160 Speaker 1: to be nothing, and it wasn't. I mean, she didn't 694 00:40:42,400 --> 00:40:45,560 Speaker 1: drink anything or get poisoned, but we thought something might 695 00:40:45,600 --> 00:40:48,640 Speaker 1: have happened. So you call and I remember now this 696 00:40:48,760 --> 00:40:52,560 Speaker 1: triggered it because I remember them following up almost in 697 00:40:52,880 --> 00:41:00,399 Speaker 1: a child welfare sort of capacity. It felt like, like, uh, 698 00:41:00,920 --> 00:41:04,080 Speaker 1: did you do something. I remember getting grilled a little bit, 699 00:41:04,160 --> 00:41:07,120 Speaker 1: or Emily getting grilled, and that's being like, man, poison 700 00:41:07,160 --> 00:41:10,719 Speaker 1: control is no joke. Uh. I'll have to ask her 701 00:41:10,760 --> 00:41:13,520 Speaker 1: tonight when she gets home. But I definitely remember now 702 00:41:14,000 --> 00:41:16,279 Speaker 1: that that was just I remember the follow up part 703 00:41:16,320 --> 00:41:18,680 Speaker 1: of it. Wow. And the fact that my daughter left. 704 00:41:18,719 --> 00:41:22,880 Speaker 1: I remember that part. Yeah, that that part too. So um, 705 00:41:23,320 --> 00:41:25,759 Speaker 1: if you do call and you you know, they walk 706 00:41:25,800 --> 00:41:27,879 Speaker 1: you through the case and everything, like like we were saying, 707 00:41:27,920 --> 00:41:30,080 Speaker 1: they'll they'll follow up, and all of that stuff gets 708 00:41:30,160 --> 00:41:35,160 Speaker 1: logged into the National Poison Database and every eight minutes 709 00:41:35,280 --> 00:41:38,880 Speaker 1: across all those fifty five poison control centers, all of 710 00:41:38,960 --> 00:41:41,360 Speaker 1: their new information gets uploaded to the c d C, 711 00:41:41,880 --> 00:41:45,400 Speaker 1: where there's a team of toxicologists who are engaged in 712 00:41:45,840 --> 00:41:49,759 Speaker 1: toxo surveillance who scan all this stuff to look for 713 00:41:50,960 --> 00:41:54,600 Speaker 1: signs of say, an outbreak of disease, and outbreak of 714 00:41:54,680 --> 00:41:57,880 Speaker 1: poisoning is an outbreak of a new drug of abuse 715 00:41:58,120 --> 00:42:01,040 Speaker 1: that people are suddenly, um you thing, and that is 716 00:42:01,280 --> 00:42:05,720 Speaker 1: that is one of those big unsung functions of poison 717 00:42:05,760 --> 00:42:09,400 Speaker 1: control centers is they can be the group who notices 718 00:42:09,520 --> 00:42:12,640 Speaker 1: something that's happening all over the country to where you know, 719 00:42:12,760 --> 00:42:16,400 Speaker 1: the individual e rs it's just one person coming in, 720 00:42:17,040 --> 00:42:20,840 Speaker 1: but to these poison control centers, they are you know, 721 00:42:20,920 --> 00:42:24,120 Speaker 1: there's fifty people suddenly around the country who are dropping 722 00:42:24,200 --> 00:42:27,680 Speaker 1: dead from heroin. Well, that's not supposed to happen. What's 723 00:42:27,680 --> 00:42:30,160 Speaker 1: going on with the heroin. There's actually a case in 724 00:42:30,360 --> 00:42:34,279 Speaker 1: nineties six, I think, where poison control centers noticed that 725 00:42:34,480 --> 00:42:36,800 Speaker 1: that people were showing up to e R s in 726 00:42:36,880 --> 00:42:40,200 Speaker 1: the Northeast from heroin and they figured out that somebody 727 00:42:40,239 --> 00:42:42,600 Speaker 1: had added scopel I mean to heroin and that people 728 00:42:42,600 --> 00:42:45,279 Speaker 1: were having really bad reactions to it. And it was 729 00:42:45,360 --> 00:42:48,040 Speaker 1: the poison control centers who noticed that those are what 730 00:42:48,160 --> 00:42:51,759 Speaker 1: are called sentinel events, which is um a A there's 731 00:42:51,760 --> 00:42:56,200 Speaker 1: a signal, there's a there's a basically exactly that something 732 00:42:56,320 --> 00:43:00,359 Speaker 1: is afoot and um, they can help advise on how 733 00:43:00,400 --> 00:43:02,759 Speaker 1: to treat it. They can contact the CDC. There's a 734 00:43:02,800 --> 00:43:04,560 Speaker 1: bunch of stuff they can do. So they're like the 735 00:43:04,640 --> 00:43:07,919 Speaker 1: first line of defense and monitoring that kind of stuff. Yeah, 736 00:43:08,000 --> 00:43:10,120 Speaker 1: they've also in the last couple of decades been more 737 00:43:10,160 --> 00:43:15,600 Speaker 1: involved with helping to tackle environmental toxic exposure. So like 738 00:43:15,760 --> 00:43:19,279 Speaker 1: after the nine eleven attacks, obviously when there was you know, 739 00:43:19,520 --> 00:43:23,000 Speaker 1: so much like bad stuff that first responders were breathing in, UM, 740 00:43:23,120 --> 00:43:27,200 Speaker 1: the anthrax attacks that happened later on that year, UM, 741 00:43:27,480 --> 00:43:29,560 Speaker 1: stuff like that, they're more and more involved in. So 742 00:43:30,239 --> 00:43:33,400 Speaker 1: they're really more and more on the front lines of 743 00:43:33,520 --> 00:43:37,480 Speaker 1: sort of tackling bigger things than my podcast host partner 744 00:43:38,120 --> 00:43:42,360 Speaker 1: drank some pines all although that's up there. It tasted 745 00:43:42,520 --> 00:43:44,719 Speaker 1: so bad too, but man, it looked like it was 746 00:43:44,760 --> 00:43:46,840 Speaker 1: going to be some Apple two. Should we wind it 747 00:43:46,880 --> 00:43:50,000 Speaker 1: out with some stats. Yeah, let's Although there's one other 748 00:43:50,080 --> 00:43:51,640 Speaker 1: thing I want to say this. You know, we've been 749 00:43:51,680 --> 00:43:54,879 Speaker 1: touting it's it's uh, it's virtues and for for good reason. 750 00:43:54,920 --> 00:43:57,279 Speaker 1: But it's not a perfect system. Uh. And that was 751 00:43:57,440 --> 00:44:01,480 Speaker 1: evidenced in I think two thousand twelve, two thousand and sixteen. 752 00:44:01,680 --> 00:44:04,759 Speaker 1: I cannot remember, but there was, um they kind of 753 00:44:04,840 --> 00:44:09,400 Speaker 1: famously poison centers missed the um the rash of tide 754 00:44:09,560 --> 00:44:13,360 Speaker 1: pod poisonings that little kids were like, this thing looks delicious. 755 00:44:13,480 --> 00:44:17,200 Speaker 1: Let me neat this UM and that that there were 756 00:44:17,280 --> 00:44:20,920 Speaker 1: poisonings as a result, but there was no UH code 757 00:44:21,400 --> 00:44:24,600 Speaker 1: that could be entered in the National Poison Data system. 758 00:44:25,400 --> 00:44:28,320 Speaker 1: So the poison centers kind of knew what was going on, 759 00:44:28,520 --> 00:44:30,920 Speaker 1: but they weren't really able to share this information and 760 00:44:31,160 --> 00:44:34,040 Speaker 1: basically create this you know, Notice that this is a 761 00:44:34,120 --> 00:44:38,960 Speaker 1: sentinel event because of basically a clerical problem, a clerical issue, 762 00:44:39,400 --> 00:44:42,320 Speaker 1: and I think they've since solved it, but um, you know, 763 00:44:42,440 --> 00:44:45,759 Speaker 1: it's still an evolving, ongoing process hammering out how to 764 00:44:45,880 --> 00:44:48,360 Speaker 1: how to do this. But I think we were we 765 00:44:48,480 --> 00:44:53,400 Speaker 1: were right in generally, you know, trumpeting how great this 766 00:44:53,560 --> 00:44:57,560 Speaker 1: system is. Yeah, of course, UM, statistically a couple of 767 00:44:57,640 --> 00:45:00,960 Speaker 1: years ago, in nineteen and of all the calls, and 768 00:45:01,440 --> 00:45:06,759 Speaker 1: we're kids six and under, we're adults. Uh so I 769 00:45:06,800 --> 00:45:14,680 Speaker 1: guess that leaves what between If you were under six, 770 00:45:14,880 --> 00:45:17,880 Speaker 1: most of the poisonings were one in two year olds. 771 00:45:18,239 --> 00:45:22,560 Speaker 1: More boys are poison than girls. Um, if you're thirteen 772 00:45:22,600 --> 00:45:24,680 Speaker 1: and under, but more girls than boys if you're older 773 00:45:24,719 --> 00:45:28,800 Speaker 1: than which is sad because it indicates the spike in 774 00:45:29,000 --> 00:45:32,920 Speaker 1: self harm that poison control centers see as kids enter 775 00:45:32,960 --> 00:45:35,719 Speaker 1: the teenage years, and it is largely girls. It's not 776 00:45:35,960 --> 00:45:38,960 Speaker 1: exactly like girls just leaving boys in the dust, but 777 00:45:39,440 --> 00:45:43,359 Speaker 1: they're definitely in the majority. UM or they're in the lead, 778 00:45:43,400 --> 00:45:45,799 Speaker 1: I guess when it comes to self harm as far 779 00:45:45,880 --> 00:45:50,319 Speaker 1: as poison control statistics go. But UM, that's also seen 780 00:45:50,400 --> 00:45:56,400 Speaker 1: in the UH. The unintentional poisonings, like two percent of 781 00:45:56,640 --> 00:46:01,719 Speaker 1: kids six and under, UM, they're poisonings are unintentional. Adult 782 00:46:01,880 --> 00:46:06,279 Speaker 1: sixty are unintentional. With teenagers only thirty three percent of 783 00:46:06,360 --> 00:46:08,920 Speaker 1: the poison calls that come in are unintentional. The rest 784 00:46:08,960 --> 00:46:12,320 Speaker 1: are and are considered either self harm or it's like 785 00:46:12,760 --> 00:46:16,080 Speaker 1: a drug overdose, which they're not setting out to overdose 786 00:46:16,160 --> 00:46:19,439 Speaker 1: on drugs, but it's still considered intentional and the fact 787 00:46:19,480 --> 00:46:23,319 Speaker 1: that they intentionally injected themselves or snort died that thing, 788 00:46:23,560 --> 00:46:28,160 Speaker 1: or you know whatever else you do with drugs. Right. UH. 789 00:46:28,239 --> 00:46:30,680 Speaker 1: In nineteen I think a little more than seventy six 790 00:46:32,400 --> 00:46:39,200 Speaker 1: total were accidental UM eight percent total. We're almost nineteen 791 00:46:39,200 --> 00:46:42,600 Speaker 1: percent total were intentional. And I think sixty eight thousand 792 00:46:42,680 --> 00:46:46,400 Speaker 1: calls that your work for animals. We did mention that animals, 793 00:46:46,600 --> 00:46:48,879 Speaker 1: you know, they you still want to call your vet, 794 00:46:49,000 --> 00:46:52,879 Speaker 1: but if your animal ingested a toxic poison from your house, 795 00:46:52,960 --> 00:46:55,719 Speaker 1: you can call a poison control center to get kind 796 00:46:55,760 --> 00:46:58,760 Speaker 1: of quick information. And then I think I said earlier 797 00:46:58,880 --> 00:47:02,120 Speaker 1: Chuck that like you can just call and ask them 798 00:47:02,280 --> 00:47:05,160 Speaker 1: questions and they're totally cool with you. Like, there's a 799 00:47:05,280 --> 00:47:07,759 Speaker 1: decent number of calls that come in every year from 800 00:47:07,800 --> 00:47:10,719 Speaker 1: people saying like, hey, I want to take the St. 801 00:47:10,800 --> 00:47:14,640 Speaker 1: John's warp, but my doctor prescribed me this um you 802 00:47:14,760 --> 00:47:18,640 Speaker 1: know this heart medicine. Is that going to go okay 803 00:47:18,719 --> 00:47:22,040 Speaker 1: with that party? Those would be right. Those would be 804 00:47:22,160 --> 00:47:24,359 Speaker 1: the people that you would call and they will give 805 00:47:24,400 --> 00:47:26,920 Speaker 1: you the info that you need and if you're looking 806 00:47:27,280 --> 00:47:30,000 Speaker 1: around your house and wondering what's gonna do it. The 807 00:47:30,080 --> 00:47:34,600 Speaker 1: top culprits for accidental poisoning at eleven p eleven and 808 00:47:34,640 --> 00:47:39,120 Speaker 1: a half percent were cosmetics and personal care products. Imagine that, Well, 809 00:47:39,200 --> 00:47:43,320 Speaker 1: they're so frequently left in, you know, easy to grasp places. 810 00:47:43,560 --> 00:47:46,719 Speaker 1: They also smell good, they taste good one percent more 811 00:47:46,800 --> 00:47:49,680 Speaker 1: than household cleaners. And I think at nine percent. You've 812 00:47:49,680 --> 00:47:57,200 Speaker 1: got pain relief medications. Uh yeah, also algae blooms, toxic mushrooms, 813 00:47:57,320 --> 00:48:01,239 Speaker 1: sharden batteries. Those are also problematic too. I think though 814 00:48:01,600 --> 00:48:06,000 Speaker 1: sixty six of all cases are resolved at home, at 815 00:48:06,080 --> 00:48:09,279 Speaker 1: least they were in nineteen, so that is, you know, 816 00:48:09,400 --> 00:48:12,560 Speaker 1: it's a pretty decent majority. What's the number again, chuck 817 00:48:14,080 --> 00:48:17,160 Speaker 1: two two two one to two two. Yeah. You can 818 00:48:17,200 --> 00:48:21,240 Speaker 1: also go to poison help dot org. That's the Poison 819 00:48:21,280 --> 00:48:25,239 Speaker 1: Control Center's website, and you can actually report online too, 820 00:48:25,520 --> 00:48:29,320 Speaker 1: So there you go. Um, only if you have a 821 00:48:29,480 --> 00:48:32,759 Speaker 1: poisoning or a good question. I guess too. Um. But 822 00:48:32,920 --> 00:48:35,520 Speaker 1: since we said a good question, of course everybody, that 823 00:48:35,600 --> 00:48:40,120 Speaker 1: means it's time for a listener mail. I'm gonna call 824 00:48:40,200 --> 00:48:46,279 Speaker 1: this a couple of quick corrections. This is too for 825 00:48:46,440 --> 00:48:52,520 Speaker 1: your money. Hey guys, Dr John Vera Hoven my physical 826 00:48:52,920 --> 00:49:00,719 Speaker 1: metallurgy professor. Yeah, was from the Superior Iowa's eight not 827 00:49:00,960 --> 00:49:04,400 Speaker 1: University of Iowa. I'm sorry, goose that one up. We 828 00:49:04,480 --> 00:49:07,879 Speaker 1: have a proud metallurgy tradition, including the purest uranium used 829 00:49:07,880 --> 00:49:11,360 Speaker 1: in the original Manhattan Project experiment produced by Dr harveyville 830 00:49:11,440 --> 00:49:16,920 Speaker 1: Helm ghost cyclones, and that's from Bryan Sutton. Sorry about that, Brandon, 831 00:49:17,000 --> 00:49:20,759 Speaker 1: all of these cyclones out there, I apologize. And then 832 00:49:21,560 --> 00:49:24,120 Speaker 1: this is another one. This is from doctor Great Art, 833 00:49:25,120 --> 00:49:29,840 Speaker 1: a k a. Doctor Mark staff Brandle, docent and associate 834 00:49:29,880 --> 00:49:34,759 Speaker 1: Professor Emmett, emeritus in Switzerland, says there was much to 835 00:49:34,880 --> 00:49:36,960 Speaker 1: compliment about the art mystry show, but I have one 836 00:49:37,000 --> 00:49:42,880 Speaker 1: small complaint. Uh Caravaggio signature and the Malta aft altarpiece. Uh. 837 00:49:43,000 --> 00:49:45,680 Speaker 1: The f is very well known and not a mystery. 838 00:49:46,200 --> 00:49:48,800 Speaker 1: There are thousands of paintings by hundreds of artists with this. 839 00:49:49,520 --> 00:49:52,680 Speaker 1: It is uh. Indeed, it is certainly an abbreviation for facet. 840 00:49:53,600 --> 00:49:56,239 Speaker 1: The best translation would be was made by uh. This 841 00:49:56,440 --> 00:50:00,279 Speaker 1: email message e g. Is f Mark staff brand Old 842 00:50:00,320 --> 00:50:03,440 Speaker 1: wink wink. So he says that was really not a 843 00:50:03,520 --> 00:50:05,319 Speaker 1: mystery and that was a common thing so we did 844 00:50:05,400 --> 00:50:09,160 Speaker 1: not know that. Well, thank you Dr great Art, and 845 00:50:09,280 --> 00:50:11,879 Speaker 1: also thank you Brin for that. And also I think 846 00:50:11,920 --> 00:50:15,320 Speaker 1: I said that the KFC YUM Center was in Lexington 847 00:50:15,400 --> 00:50:18,640 Speaker 1: when it's well, you don't confuse those two. That's it's 848 00:50:18,800 --> 00:50:21,520 Speaker 1: very bad. No, I'm just gonna go ahead and say 849 00:50:21,600 --> 00:50:25,040 Speaker 1: I've been secretly trolling everybody that I'm well aware of 850 00:50:25,120 --> 00:50:28,960 Speaker 1: all of these very big there right. Yeah. Sorry everyone, 851 00:50:29,000 --> 00:50:31,960 Speaker 1: I'm so sorry. I probably won't be back after this. 852 00:50:32,800 --> 00:50:35,520 Speaker 1: Um so, I guess in the meantime, if you want 853 00:50:35,560 --> 00:50:37,920 Speaker 1: to send us an email or send it off to 854 00:50:38,680 --> 00:50:46,400 Speaker 1: stuff podcast at i heart radio dot com. Stuff you 855 00:50:46,400 --> 00:50:48,880 Speaker 1: Should Know is a production of I heart Radio. For 856 00:50:49,000 --> 00:50:51,960 Speaker 1: more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, 857 00:50:52,200 --> 00:50:55,080 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.