1 00:00:02,040 --> 00:00:07,080 Speaker 1: Welcome to brain Stuff from How Stuff Works. Hey, brain Stuff, 2 00:00:07,080 --> 00:00:09,760 Speaker 1: I'm Lauren Vogelbaum. And if you can't start your morning 3 00:00:09,760 --> 00:00:12,559 Speaker 1: without a cup of Joe, You're certainly not alone. I'm 4 00:00:12,640 --> 00:00:16,079 Speaker 1: right there with you. But Americans consumption of coffee is up. 5 00:00:16,400 --> 00:00:19,640 Speaker 1: It's the highest it spin since and global exports are 6 00:00:19,720 --> 00:00:23,880 Speaker 1: up to According to the International Coffee Organization, World coffee 7 00:00:23,880 --> 00:00:29,160 Speaker 1: exports increased by seventeen percent from October to October, and 8 00:00:29,240 --> 00:00:32,720 Speaker 1: overall global shipments were four point two percent higher year 9 00:00:32,760 --> 00:00:37,000 Speaker 1: over year. Clearly, coffee has become an important daily ritual 10 00:00:37,080 --> 00:00:40,400 Speaker 1: for many Americans, which begs the question why are so 11 00:00:40,479 --> 00:00:44,080 Speaker 1: many coffee lovers ordering those drinks using Italian words, from 12 00:00:44,159 --> 00:00:47,920 Speaker 1: latte's to macchiatos. How did this happen? After all, coffee 13 00:00:47,920 --> 00:00:51,159 Speaker 1: doesn't have its roots in Italy. Legend has it that 14 00:00:51,200 --> 00:00:54,280 Speaker 1: the Great Being originated in the Ethiopian Plateau and was 15 00:00:54,320 --> 00:00:57,120 Speaker 1: discovered by a goat herder who noticed his goats veritably 16 00:00:57,200 --> 00:01:00,800 Speaker 1: danced after eating a certain plant. It's throughout the Arabian 17 00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:04,520 Speaker 1: Peninsula and adjacent areas before Europeans encountered coffee in the 18 00:01:04,560 --> 00:01:08,240 Speaker 1: seventeenth century. Nevertheless, many of the coffee drinks we know 19 00:01:08,319 --> 00:01:11,399 Speaker 1: today and popularized by Starbucks. More on that in a minute. 20 00:01:11,720 --> 00:01:14,399 Speaker 1: Do originate in Italy and it has everything to do 21 00:01:14,480 --> 00:01:17,880 Speaker 1: with the invention of the espresso machine. Espresso doesn't refer 22 00:01:17,920 --> 00:01:20,440 Speaker 1: to a particular type of coffee bean. It's actually a 23 00:01:20,440 --> 00:01:23,559 Speaker 1: coffee preparation method and it was first developed in Italy 24 00:01:23,640 --> 00:01:27,039 Speaker 1: in the nineteenth century. Because brood coffee could take up 25 00:01:27,080 --> 00:01:29,480 Speaker 1: to five minutes to make, coffee, lovers sought a way 26 00:01:29,480 --> 00:01:32,840 Speaker 1: to shorten the time between ordering and drinking. The first 27 00:01:32,959 --> 00:01:35,600 Speaker 1: espresso machines were bulky and difficult, but by the early 28 00:01:35,600 --> 00:01:39,760 Speaker 1: twentieth century, Milanese manufacturer Luigi Bazara had developed a single 29 00:01:39,760 --> 00:01:43,240 Speaker 1: shot espresso that produced one cup of coffee in seconds, 30 00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:45,280 Speaker 1: though it did take a while for the machines to 31 00:01:45,360 --> 00:01:47,560 Speaker 1: improve in terms of ease of use and flavor of 32 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:51,520 Speaker 1: the coffee produced. We spoke with Paul Bassett, former World 33 00:01:51,520 --> 00:01:55,760 Speaker 1: Barista champion. He said the espresso machine kind of revolutionized 34 00:01:55,760 --> 00:01:58,360 Speaker 1: coffee to some extent. Everything was centered around the way 35 00:01:58,440 --> 00:02:00,880 Speaker 1: espresso was made the way it was consumed as well. 36 00:02:01,440 --> 00:02:04,200 Speaker 1: He explained that with the espresso machine, coffee could be 37 00:02:04,280 --> 00:02:06,360 Speaker 1: made on the spur of the moment and was intended 38 00:02:06,400 --> 00:02:09,320 Speaker 1: to be drunk immediately after being served, typically standing at 39 00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:13,160 Speaker 1: a bar. Italian coffee culture grew, and espresso as we 40 00:02:13,240 --> 00:02:15,600 Speaker 1: know it today became popular in Italy and France in 41 00:02:15,639 --> 00:02:18,840 Speaker 1: the nineteen thirties. The nineteen fifties beatnik movement and its 42 00:02:18,840 --> 00:02:21,960 Speaker 1: coffee house culture launched an espresso craze in the United States. 43 00:02:23,160 --> 00:02:26,160 Speaker 1: We also spoke with Mike Ferguson with oh Lamb's Specialty Coffee. 44 00:02:26,600 --> 00:02:31,040 Speaker 1: He explained early in the specialty coffee movement, authenticity meant Italian. 45 00:02:31,480 --> 00:02:34,120 Speaker 1: In the nineteen eighties, many, if not most coffee houses 46 00:02:34,160 --> 00:02:37,160 Speaker 1: had Italian names and adopted as much Italian as possible 47 00:02:37,200 --> 00:02:41,440 Speaker 1: into their cafe and menu, so the trend continued. The 48 00:02:41,480 --> 00:02:44,800 Speaker 1: coffee drinks they served also retained their Italian nomenclature because 49 00:02:44,840 --> 00:02:48,120 Speaker 1: they were specifically made with espresso. The names referred to 50 00:02:48,160 --> 00:02:51,040 Speaker 1: what is added to the espresso. For example, put the 51 00:02:51,040 --> 00:02:54,760 Speaker 1: word marciato into Google Translate and you'll get stained or spotted, 52 00:02:55,080 --> 00:02:57,080 Speaker 1: So the drink name refers to the spot of milk 53 00:02:57,240 --> 00:03:02,160 Speaker 1: that stains the espresso. Bassett said, I think fundamentally espresso 54 00:03:02,240 --> 00:03:04,440 Speaker 1: is directly linked to Italy as a beverage and the way, 55 00:03:04,480 --> 00:03:07,120 Speaker 1: it's part of their culture. It's been transported all around 56 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:12,200 Speaker 1: the world and reinterpreted. Despite reinterpretation, the drinks with Italian 57 00:03:12,280 --> 00:03:14,840 Speaker 1: names have an espresso base and typically some kind of 58 00:03:14,880 --> 00:03:18,480 Speaker 1: milk added. For example, a cafe latte, usually just called 59 00:03:18,480 --> 00:03:21,400 Speaker 1: a latte in the United States, consists of espresso, milk, 60 00:03:21,480 --> 00:03:24,799 Speaker 1: and milk foam. It's not brewed coffee with milk, although 61 00:03:24,840 --> 00:03:28,480 Speaker 1: that's the literal translation. To be fair, ordering an espresso 62 00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:31,640 Speaker 1: with milk and milk foam doesn't sound as catchy. The 63 00:03:31,639 --> 00:03:35,800 Speaker 1: distinction between espresso and brewed coffee is important. Consider the Americano, 64 00:03:35,920 --> 00:03:38,480 Speaker 1: which was named for Americans in Italy who sought a 65 00:03:38,560 --> 00:03:40,960 Speaker 1: drink similar to the brewed or filtered coffee they drank 66 00:03:40,960 --> 00:03:43,880 Speaker 1: at home. Because it emerged in Italy and is made 67 00:03:43,880 --> 00:03:47,160 Speaker 1: by adding water to espresso, it retains its Italian title. 68 00:03:48,440 --> 00:03:51,160 Speaker 1: So this answers the question about coffee drink names. But 69 00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:55,200 Speaker 1: what about Starbucks use of sizes like grande inventi, which 70 00:03:55,240 --> 00:03:59,320 Speaker 1: are also Italian words. This sizing nomenclature short, tall and 71 00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:02,600 Speaker 1: Grande was introduced when ill Joornale opened its doors in 72 00:04:03,360 --> 00:04:05,760 Speaker 1: six and the venti size came in the early nineties. 73 00:04:06,080 --> 00:04:08,640 Speaker 1: Ill Joornale was the name of the coffee houses launched 74 00:04:08,640 --> 00:04:11,840 Speaker 1: by Starbucks Chairman emeritus Howard Schultz during his mid eighties 75 00:04:11,920 --> 00:04:15,400 Speaker 1: hiatus from the company. The company's website states that Schultz 76 00:04:15,440 --> 00:04:18,000 Speaker 1: had been quote captivated with Italian coffee bars and the 77 00:04:18,080 --> 00:04:21,200 Speaker 1: romance of the coffee experience, a tradition he wanted to 78 00:04:21,200 --> 00:04:23,880 Speaker 1: bring to the United States. He returned to Starbucks and 79 00:04:23,920 --> 00:04:27,760 Speaker 1: purchased the company in and that branding now extends to 80 00:04:27,839 --> 00:04:30,680 Speaker 1: faux Italian product names like the frappuccino, which is a 81 00:04:30,680 --> 00:04:34,719 Speaker 1: trademarked name and not actually an Italian word. By the way. 82 00:04:34,880 --> 00:04:37,320 Speaker 1: Bonus fact of the episode, the caffeine and coffee that 83 00:04:37,360 --> 00:04:40,200 Speaker 1: Perks You Up is considered the most commonly used drug 84 00:04:40,279 --> 00:04:47,920 Speaker 1: in the world. Today's episode was written by Carrie Whitney 85 00:04:47,960 --> 00:04:50,160 Speaker 1: and produced by Tyler Clang for iHeart Media and How 86 00:04:50,200 --> 00:04:52,280 Speaker 1: Stuff Works. For more on this and lots of other 87 00:04:52,320 --> 00:05:06,640 Speaker 1: peppy topics, visit our home planet, how Stuff Works dot com.