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Speaker 1: November two thousand to the Department of Homeland Security became

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Speaker 1: an official agency. It would also become the parent to

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Speaker 1: agencies like the t s A, Immigration and Customs Enforcement,

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Speaker 1: the Coast Guard, FEMA, and the Nuclear Incident Response Team.

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Speaker 1: For a brief time, Chad Wolfe was the Secretary of

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Speaker 1: Homeland Security. He was also the Under Secretary of Homeland

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Speaker 1: Security for Strategy, Policy and Plans. Previously, he was one

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Speaker 1: of the original architects of the t s A. It

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Speaker 1: was a monumental task, probably at that time, something that

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Speaker 1: had never really occurred since the stand up of the

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Speaker 1: Department of Defense. This is nine eleven, two decades later.

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Speaker 1: I'm Steve Gregory in Los Angeles. On the morning of

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Speaker 1: nine eleven, I was working on Capitol Hill in the

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Speaker 1: Russell Senate Office Building. Had arrived at work as the

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Speaker 1: first plane went into the first Trade center, uh, and

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Speaker 1: then saw the second plane on the television go into

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Speaker 1: the second one. We were evacuated, along with other members

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Speaker 1: of Congress, you know, shortly thereafter. And uh, that's kind

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Speaker 1: of how I was introduced to Homeland Security. Had been

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Speaker 1: working on really domestic issues prior to that, so it

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Speaker 1: hadn't really been in the national security space. But like

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Speaker 1: many other people, that that day forever change sort of

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Speaker 1: my professional outlook and how I went about doing my

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Speaker 1: job and had a profound impact on me. And talk

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Speaker 1: a little bit about how you got into the security

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Speaker 1: space and and sort of how you started to learn

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Speaker 1: about how nine eleven started to affect how we lead

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Speaker 1: our daily lives. I stayed on Capitol Hill for a

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Speaker 1: few additional months when the Aviation and Transportation Security Act

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Speaker 1: was passed by Congress, which actually created at that time

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Speaker 1: the Transportation Security Administration, and a few short months later

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Speaker 1: had the ability and the opportunity to go to work

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Speaker 1: for the Transportation Security Administration in the Bush administration, so

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Speaker 1: I had sort of a first hand seat to what

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Speaker 1: it was like on building a new agency after such

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Speaker 1: a monumental event as nine eleven. Security was at the

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Speaker 1: forefront of most Americans thought process at that time, and

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Speaker 1: so we went about for the next several years building

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Speaker 1: an apparatus that you see, you know, in use today

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Speaker 1: at airports all across the country and really had become

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Speaker 1: the gold standard for how security is conducted in airports

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Speaker 1: all around the world. Um, and so there's probably no

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Speaker 1: other aspect of Homeland Security that touches so many daily

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Speaker 1: americans lives, like the Transportation Security Administration. If you travel

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Speaker 1: and go through an airport, you're going to come in

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Speaker 1: contact with an employee of the Department of Homeland Security.

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Speaker 1: So it was, you know, for those three or four

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Speaker 1: years after nine eleven, it was a crash course on

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Speaker 1: how do we protect the country from another terrorist of it?

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Speaker 1: Where does one start when you're creating an agency and

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Speaker 1: we're not just talking about any agency. We're talking about

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Speaker 1: an agency that's supposed to protect the lives and safety

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Speaker 1: of American citizens and all citizens. But where does one start?

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Speaker 1: Well for us at that time, and again just talking

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Speaker 1: about t s A at that moment, we had a

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Speaker 1: pretty instructive handbook from Congress. They gave us very specific

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Speaker 1: deadlines to meet, whether it was federalizing checkpoints, whether it

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Speaker 1: was deploying explosive detection equipment UH and everything in between.

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Speaker 1: And so we had a very specific we laid out

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Speaker 1: a roadmap on how to get there, and it was

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Speaker 1: a monumental task probably at that time, something that had

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Speaker 1: never really occurred since the stand up of UH the

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Speaker 1: Department of Defense, and so you had to go about

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Speaker 1: it smartly. You had to bring in stakeholders. You had

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Speaker 1: to bring in those that you were going to regulate.

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Speaker 1: As I've often said, homeland security is not just done

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Speaker 1: by the department. If you don't have the buy in

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Speaker 1: and support of the stakeholders and the other individuals in

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Speaker 1: the private sector specifically that are involved, and you're really

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Speaker 1: not going to truly have homeland security. And so we

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Speaker 1: were conscious to do that from day one, and we

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Speaker 1: did that at the Department of Homeland Security, and then

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Speaker 1: you know, broadly speaking sorry at t s A, and

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Speaker 1: then broadly speak at at DHS when we look at

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Speaker 1: a variety of other threats beyond just the aviation sector.

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Speaker 1: You know, when you start talking about the t s A.

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Speaker 1: I think in the beginning, we as Americans were understanding

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Speaker 1: that we were going to have to adhere to all

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Speaker 1: of this, and we're going to go through pat downs,

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Speaker 1: We're gonna have to limit our our liquids, We're gonna

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Speaker 1: have to do all these things. But after a while

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Speaker 1: that became sort of cumberson to the everyday person in

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Speaker 1: in in the t s A started to become sort

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Speaker 1: of the agency everyone grew to hate. Did you see

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Speaker 1: that coming I think we all certainly recognize that it

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Speaker 1: certainly had the potential. Again, as I indicated, there's probably

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Speaker 1: no other agency within the Department of Homeland Security that

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Speaker 1: it comes into contact with everyday Americans more than T

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Speaker 1: s A. And you just got to think about the

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Speaker 1: nature of flying. It's already sort of a stressful situation

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Speaker 1: to fly. You add that into security, and you add that,

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Speaker 1: you know, a variety of different levels onto that, and

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Speaker 1: it just becomes all together that much more cumberson. And

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Speaker 1: then you add a workforce that you know, Congress you know,

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Speaker 1: only pays them so much and so um, you have

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Speaker 1: a workforce that is constantly under stressed some would say,

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Speaker 1: is constantly under resource. And you know you're going to

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Speaker 1: have some some incidents that the media will love to

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Speaker 1: blow out of proportion, will love too, you know, only

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Speaker 1: highlight when things go bad, and that's what they do

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Speaker 1: most And so I think over time T s A

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Speaker 1: and some sense has been victimized by that. Really the

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Speaker 1: only thing that gets publicized a lot of cases is

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Speaker 1: you know, things that are perhaps things that they do bad,

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Speaker 1: And what doesn't get showcased is all the things that

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Speaker 1: they do right each and every day. To keep our

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Speaker 1: airways safe and secure. Use air travel safer now today

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Speaker 1: because of the t s A. Oh, I would definitely

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Speaker 1: say yes from it From an aviation security standpoint. The

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Speaker 1: enhancements that t s A has done both at the

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Speaker 1: checkpoint but check baggage, general aviation, a variety of different

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Speaker 1: things that Essay has done over the last twenty or

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Speaker 1: some odd years, I think has certainly increased the security

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Speaker 1: of the American people flying not only here domestically, but

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Speaker 1: internationally as well. Um just the technology standards detection standards

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Speaker 1: alone has increased. Now. Look, our our adversaries are also

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Speaker 1: still out there at work, still trying to to figure

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Speaker 1: out how they can penetrate that security network that we

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Speaker 1: have put in place. But I would say absolutely when

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Speaker 1: we just look at the aviation security context and what

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Speaker 1: we've done over the last several years, were certainly safer

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Speaker 1: today than we were on nine eleven. You spoke a

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Speaker 1: little bit about the media blowing things out of proportion

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Speaker 1: and talking about how we as a media always fixate

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Speaker 1: on the bad tell us some of the good tell

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Speaker 1: us some of the things the public doesn't get to

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Speaker 1: see on a daily basis. Wow. Uh So it's you know, look,

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Speaker 1: when we talk about the Department of Promeland Security, we

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Speaker 1: talk about, you know, the largest law enforce an agency,

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Speaker 1: not just in the US but in the world. So

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Speaker 1: we have over or the department has over seventi five

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Speaker 1: thousand law enforcement officers and those are folks. Some of

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Speaker 1: those folks are at t s A, some of those

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Speaker 1: folks are at the U. S. Border Patrol CBP ICE,

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Speaker 1: which is Immigration and Customs Enforcement Coast Guard. And so

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Speaker 1: you have a huge network of law enforcement officers that

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Speaker 1: are doing their various missions, all very different, but are

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Speaker 1: coming together to protect the homeland at the end of

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Speaker 1: the day. And a lot of that is not again

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Speaker 1: reported on or advertised about how they do that, how

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Speaker 1: they are investigating child smuggling rings, child exploitation, human trafficking

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Speaker 1: on a daily basis, or how CBP is is you know, uh,

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Speaker 1: detecting and seizing immense amounts of drugs and other contraband

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Speaker 1: along our borders. And so some of these things I

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Speaker 1: think are taken for granted, but it it actually takes

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Speaker 1: a lot of hard work, a lot of dedication from

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Speaker 1: the men and women of the department to do their

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Speaker 1: job every single day. And haven't even talked about our

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Speaker 1: Cybersecurity Agency and what those folks do every day to

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Speaker 1: try to keep federal network secure and keep the American

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Speaker 1: people as safe as can be against cyber intrusions. So

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Speaker 1: there's a lot of work that I think a lot

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Speaker 1: of people just take for granted. Uh is. You know,

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Speaker 1: it's embedded in the security of their lives every day.

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Speaker 1: But it's only there because of the hard work of

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Speaker 1: the men and women of DHS. You know, some would

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Speaker 1: say that if you think about bringing all these agencies

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Speaker 1: under one umbrella, because all these agencies obviously existed outside

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Speaker 1: of it. You know, Immigration, Customers Enforcement was you know,

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Speaker 1: that's that was more of an iteration of what border

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Speaker 1: patrol and customs, right, But you've got past Guard, You've

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Speaker 1: got all these agencies you spoke about. Critics have said

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Speaker 1: there was really no need to to create the Homeland

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Speaker 1: Security or the t s A, because, in fact, I

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Speaker 1: was talking to military expert the other day they said,

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Speaker 1: if we had just adopted the Israeli model, he is

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Speaker 1: a Reeli security model, we wouldn't need the t s A,

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Speaker 1: And then that the creation of DHS was just more

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Speaker 1: bloated government. What would you say to that well. I've

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Speaker 1: heard that. I've heard that as well, and I appreciate

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Speaker 1: that viewpoint. Particularly when we talk about the Israeli model

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Speaker 1: of aviation security. I go back to they have one

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Speaker 1: primary airport, ben Gurn International Airport that they have to protect,

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Speaker 1: and so they can devote all their resources to that

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Speaker 1: one airport. We have over four hundred and fifty airports

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Speaker 1: to protect in the United States, and so you're gonna

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Speaker 1: need a little different approach. I've also heard about the

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Speaker 1: Canadian approach right where you you regulate it instead of

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Speaker 1: having it federalized, and I think that's a debate worth having.

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Speaker 1: I'm not sure it's the right approach, but I think

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Speaker 1: that model is probably going to be a little bit

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Speaker 1: closer if you wanted to change the the nature in

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Speaker 1: which we do aviation security, a little bit closer to

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Speaker 1: having it being more regulated by the federal government and

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Speaker 1: actually conducted by private entities versus having it being totally federalized,

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Speaker 1: which it is today. Talk about some of the things

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Speaker 1: that just absolutely surprised and or shocked you when you

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Speaker 1: started to work creating the t s A and starting

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Speaker 1: to see security on a global scale, and what was

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Speaker 1: going on, what were some of the things that shocked

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Speaker 1: you about the creation of this agency. That's a great question,

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Speaker 1: I think. You know again, I think it was you

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Speaker 1: have to think back to the time period after nine eleven.

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Speaker 1: I think everyone was in a very different mindset than

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Speaker 1: they are today, and there was an extreme focus on

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Speaker 1: are we going to be hit again? Will there be

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Speaker 1: another nine eleven? I think over time, what one thing

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Speaker 1: that surprised me was how quickly that faded and how quickly.

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Speaker 1: You know, travelers really voice their displeasure with being inconvenienced

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Speaker 1: at the airport, and look, I can appreciate that. Um,

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Speaker 1: you know, you want to make sure we're all very,

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Speaker 1: very busy, and you want to make sure you get

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Speaker 1: to your destination as quickly as possible, particularly for business travelers,

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Speaker 1: because that's you know, time is money, which I understand.

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Speaker 1: But you know, again, after that, after nine eleven, security

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Speaker 1: was continues to be a priority for the department, but

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Speaker 1: really at that point in time, it was the overriding factor.

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Speaker 1: We were doing everything we could to make sure that

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Speaker 1: we didn't get hit again, and some would say that

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Speaker 1: we overcompensated on the security front and not on the

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Speaker 1: facilitation front. So I think That was one thing that

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Speaker 1: surprised me pretty quickly after nine eleven was the attention

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Speaker 1: span of the American people wanted to make sure that,

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Speaker 1: you know, they got to their destination pretty quickly, as

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Speaker 1: quickly as possible. I would have thought that the overriding

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Speaker 1: concern at that time, particularly in two thousand and two

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Speaker 1: two thousand and three, would be to make sure that

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Speaker 1: we didn't get hit again and to shore up that

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Speaker 1: that aviation security. That's not a criticism, that's just like

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Speaker 1: I said, answer your question, it's more of a surprise

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Speaker 1: than anything else. I am very curious if you could

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Speaker 1: go back and do anything with this over again, what

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Speaker 1: would it be. Well, I think there's always there's always

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Speaker 1: a number of things that you can do better, whether

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Speaker 1: that's from communicating with the American public, whether that's communicating

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Speaker 1: with members of Congress. So like, there's a lot of

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Speaker 1: criticism both from Congress and the American public because as

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Speaker 1: a security agency at that time creating t s A,

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Speaker 1: you wanted to communicate, but you didn't want to communicate

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Speaker 1: too much, right, You didn't want to show your hand

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Speaker 1: your adversaries. You didn't want to detail everything that the

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Speaker 1: agency was doing at that time to give them a

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Speaker 1: roadmap on how to penetrate you. So there was a

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Speaker 1: there was a balance there on how much we could

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Speaker 1: communicate versus how much we were actually doing to help

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Speaker 1: secure and protect the American people. So as I look back,

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Speaker 1: I mean, there's different ways to communicate that, there's different

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Speaker 1: ways to to talk to individual stakeholders. I think one

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Speaker 1: thing that the agency didn't do extremely well is I

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Speaker 1: think they thought, you know, at that time, that security

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Speaker 1: was everything. And I'm not sure that we brought in

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Speaker 1: the airlines and the airports as quickly as we could have.

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Speaker 1: Right at the end of the day, it's it's their airplanes,

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Speaker 1: it's their passengers, it's their customers, and we needed to

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Speaker 1: do that. We we did that pretty well. We could

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Speaker 1: have done that a little bit better to really have

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Speaker 1: them be partners. But I think there's always gonna be

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Speaker 1: a healthy tension there between the private sector who wants

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Speaker 1: to a for profit entity and like the airlines and

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Speaker 1: the airports, and an agency that is worried about securing

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Speaker 1: UH their infrastructure, um and so there's always gonna be

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Speaker 1: that healthy tension. I think sometimes it boiled over into

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Speaker 1: the public sphere and and T s A took a

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Speaker 1: hit for that, So I think you can always go

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Speaker 1: back and have a little bit better relationships and communicate better.

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Speaker 1: At the end of the day, you're looking back now

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Speaker 1: with DHS, T s A, and UH, you know, everything

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Speaker 1: like the Patriot Act and all the things that were

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Speaker 1: created following nine eleven. Are we safer today than we

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Speaker 1: were on? Well, that's a that's a difficult question to answer.

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Speaker 1: I think if you you have to when you look

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Speaker 1: at are we safer as a country, you have to

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Speaker 1: look beyond just T s A and aviation security. You

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Speaker 1: have to look at cybersecurity. You have to look at

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Speaker 1: border security. You have to look at foreign terrorist organizations

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Speaker 1: and their ability to strike the homeland. So there's a

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Speaker 1: variety of different threats in scenarios that you have to

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Speaker 1: look at. If you're trying to assess is the homeland

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Speaker 1: more secure today than it was at nine eleven? Were all?

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Speaker 1: I would say probably yes, although I am extremely concerned

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Speaker 1: about what I'm seeing today. When we look at border security,

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Speaker 1: we look at what's going on in Afghanistan today and

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Speaker 1: and creating another safe haven for terrorism because of some

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Speaker 1: of the events that have occurred recently. I think all

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Speaker 1: of these things give me great pause to say, are

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Speaker 1: we safer today than we were two years ago, four

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Speaker 1: years ago, or six years ago. I'm not so sure

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Speaker 1: at this point in time, when you have over two

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Speaker 1: hundred thousand illegal individuals coming across our southern border in

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Speaker 1: a given month, when you know you can't bet them all,

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Speaker 1: you know you're not apprehending them all. What does that

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Speaker 1: say about the sovereignty and and the security of your borders?

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Speaker 1: Not a lot in my opinion. And so to have

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Speaker 1: an administration say that the border is closed and the

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Speaker 1: border is secure when you know that there's criminal elements

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Speaker 1: and bad people coming across that border every day, that

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Speaker 1: gives me a great pausing concern. Do you have any

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Speaker 1: other thoughts you want to share? No, I mean, I

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Speaker 1: think you know, we didn't talk a lot about the

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Speaker 1: other parts of the department. You know, we talked about

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Speaker 1: T s A, which I think is important. Obviously that's

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Speaker 1: what occurred on nine eleven, But there's a lot of

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Speaker 1: other elements of DHS that go into protecting the homeland,

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Speaker 1: go into what how do you do that so that

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Speaker 1: the American people can sleep safe at night? And one

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Speaker 1: thing that I always focused on It's not just you know,

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Speaker 1: how do we protect individuals from foreign terrorist organizations or

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Speaker 1: even domestic terrorists. But I think what the Department does

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Speaker 1: in many cases is provide economic security to the country.

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Speaker 1: And what do I mean by that, right It it's

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Speaker 1: you know, if we talk about t s A, it's

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Speaker 1: keeping that aviation system up and running, because if that

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Speaker 1: industry goes down, the economy is going to take a

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Speaker 1: significant hit if airlines can't fly. You know, the same

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Speaker 1: thing goes with the Coast Guard. Of all the goods

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Speaker 1: that you you know that we see on the on

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Speaker 1: the shelves of Target and Walmart come through our ports,

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Speaker 1: and you know, the United States Coast Guard provides security

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Speaker 1: in those ports and waterways. You know, cybersecurity and what

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Speaker 1: our our SISSA agency does, you know, protecting federal networks.

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Speaker 1: You know, when a pipeline goes down or or any

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Speaker 1: of these other cyber attacks, it has a significant impact

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Speaker 1: on the country as a whole. So a lot of

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Speaker 1: what DHS does each and every day is to make

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Speaker 1: sure that you know, we are in the best position

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Speaker 1: to keep this economy roaring and going, because at the

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Speaker 1: end of the day, that's the security that's the sort

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Speaker 1: of the might behind the United States is our economy

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Speaker 1: and obviously the security that we provide not only here

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Speaker 1: in the US but around the world. I think over

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Speaker 1: the last few years, there's always been this talk about

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Speaker 1: whether you know, how strong is our intelligence infrastructure and

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Speaker 1: how does that play into the homeland security. Well, it

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Speaker 1: plays in significantly a lot of the information that we

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Speaker 1: acted on, right, So, you know, when you look at DHS,

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Speaker 1: there's a lot of different threats that come in, a

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Speaker 1: lot of different scenarios that that the Apartment could be

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Speaker 1: acting on. But like any other department, there's limited resources.

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Speaker 1: So you focus those resources on the on the most

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Speaker 1: you know, logical threats out there, and we rely on

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Speaker 1: our intelligence community to provide that information to us. Uh,

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Speaker 1: there's a great amount of information that they collect overseas

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Speaker 1: that goes into that decision making process, and so we

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Speaker 1: are completely you know, the department, I would say, is

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Speaker 1: you know, really really reliant on on a lot of

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Speaker 1: the intel collection that different parts of the intel community

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Speaker 1: provide to the Department so that we can make informed

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Speaker 1: decisions that we can say, look, we we believe that

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Speaker 1: the foreign terrorist threat is more you know, severe and

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Speaker 1: dire today than it was. I'm not you know, this

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Speaker 1: is just an example, but we we base that assessment

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Speaker 1: off of information that we're getting from the intelligence community.

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Speaker 1: So the Department gets fed from the IC, the intelligence community,

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Speaker 1: and then we make educated assessments based off of that information.

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Speaker 1: So it's absolutely critical that the information that they pick

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Speaker 1: up that's relevant to protecting the homeland gets shared with

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Speaker 1: the Department UM so that we can make informed decisions,

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Speaker 1: we can make resource allocation decisions to go about and

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Speaker 1: doing our job every day. Talk about baggage screening because

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Speaker 1: that that is become a huge part of security. This

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Speaker 1: is something that you know, the entire airports had to

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Speaker 1: be reconfigured to accommodate all of this bag screening. Talk

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Speaker 1: about how that came into play. Well, I think it's

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Speaker 1: a great question, and I think you have to think about,

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Speaker 1: you know, the Department of a lot of people think

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Speaker 1: about Homeland Security and they think about the Department. You

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Speaker 1: think about you know, Border Patrol, you think about Coast Guard,

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Speaker 1: you think a lot of different agencies. A lot of those,

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Speaker 1: you know, we're pulled from other departments to create the

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Speaker 1: Department of Homeland Security. T SA was unique and that

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Speaker 1: it was created out of whole cloth. Right. It didn't

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Speaker 1: exist prior to other than an office or two within

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Speaker 1: the Federal Aviation Administration that did some civil aviation stuff,

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Speaker 1: but nothing to the extent that we see today at

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Speaker 1: t s A. And but again, Congress was very explicit

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Speaker 1: in the Aviation and Transportation Security Act ats A and

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Speaker 1: gave the department very specific deadlines to meet UH. And

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Speaker 1: that started with making sure that we federalized every checkpoint.

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Speaker 1: And what does that mean. You know, prior to nine eleven,

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Speaker 1: it was you know, it was contracted out by the

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Speaker 1: airlines and airports, and so you had a couple of

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Speaker 1: you know, private contractors there at a at a checkpoint

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Speaker 1: doing some you know, magnetometer work, and that was about it.

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Speaker 1: And so all the infrastructure that you see at a

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Speaker 1: checkpoint when you arrived there to get on a plane,

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Speaker 1: it didn't exist prior to nine eleven. And Congress gave

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Speaker 1: us a year or so to get that out UH

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Speaker 1: and into into play. And so that meant hiring fifty screeners,

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Speaker 1: making sure they were trained, making sure they were resourced

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Speaker 1: is a significant hurdle. The next year, you know, making

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Speaker 1: sure that we had explosive detection system, So every bag

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Speaker 1: that goes into the hole of an aircraft is screened

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Speaker 1: for explode SIPs, matching those bags with passengers that get

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Speaker 1: on the airplane, which you didn't have to do prior

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Speaker 1: to nine eleven. So all these different things that I

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Speaker 1: think a lot of people take for granted over the

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Speaker 1: last twenty years, it just occur because of the security

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Speaker 1: system that we have been put in place didn't occur

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Speaker 1: prior to nine eleven. And within a two year period,

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Speaker 1: the folks at t s A and all the screeners

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Speaker 1: and all the officers that were hired and are very

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Speaker 1: rapid fashion, you know, got to work and created not

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Speaker 1: only an agency. You're standing up an agency in the

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Speaker 1: infrastructure of that agency, but you're also standing up the

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Speaker 1: security apparatus, which is largely still intact that we see today.

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Speaker 1: I mean, there's been improvements of technology over time, but

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Speaker 1: a lot of that infrastructure still exists today. And just

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Speaker 1: let me you know, mentioned the technology again. Prior to

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Speaker 1: nine eleven, it was non existent. It was an X

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Speaker 1: ray machine and a magnetometer, which was very very basic.

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Speaker 1: You could see that at basically any public building anywhere.

402
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Speaker 1: Today you have some very advanced technology at that checkpoint

403
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Speaker 1: scanning your bags for very small amounts of the explosives.

404
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Speaker 1: A lot of that research and development was in a

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Speaker 1: nascent stage. It had to be accelerated, and it's you know,

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Speaker 1: and it has been over the last decade or so.

407
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Speaker 1: And so again, the the amount of time and attention

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Speaker 1: and energy to stand up an agency after a crisis

409
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Speaker 1: like nine eleven, I don't think can really be underestimated.

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Speaker 1: It was a huge amount of work, with a lot

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Speaker 1: of specific deadlines written, you know, given to us by

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Speaker 1: Congress um, and it took a sort of a whole

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Speaker 1: of government approach to get it done. You know what,

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Speaker 1: I just happen to think about chance, What role did

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Speaker 1: you guys play in cockpit security? Was that all F

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Speaker 1: A A Or was that you as well? No, that

417
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Speaker 1: was T S A. And so when we look at at,

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Speaker 1: you know, the security of the cockpit of aircraft, there's

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Speaker 1: a couple of things that come to mind. One was

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Speaker 1: making sure that we reinforced those cockpit doors which were

421
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Speaker 1: not reinforced prior to nine eleven. So we worked with

422
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Speaker 1: the airlines and we worked with others to make sure

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Speaker 1: that those doors were reinforced. That we're more difficult to breach.

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Speaker 1: We also put in place, or I should say Congress

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Speaker 1: told us to put in place what we called the

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Speaker 1: Federal Flight Deck Officer Program or the f f DO program,

427
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Speaker 1: which allowed pilots and those that sit in the cockpit

428
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Speaker 1: of commercial aircraft to carry a firearm if they wanted to.

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Speaker 1: It was sort of a voluntary program, but t. S

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Speaker 1: A trained them, you know are usually our federal air

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Speaker 1: marshals probably trained them on how to do that. UM

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Speaker 1: and so yes, there was a lot of work that

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Speaker 1: went into the to the security of the aircraft. There's

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Speaker 1: many what we what we called at the time, and

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Speaker 1: I believe T. S A still talks about layers of security, right.

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Speaker 1: And the layers start as you book your ticket. You know,

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Speaker 1: your name is run, the name check is done, and

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Speaker 1: you go through you know, some complex algorithms to see

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Speaker 1: if you're a bad person or have travel patterns like

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Speaker 1: a bad person, things of that nature, to security checks

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Speaker 1: that occur as you arrive at the airport, to security

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Speaker 1: checks that occur as you arrive at the checkpoint, to

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Speaker 1: security checks that occur as you arrive at the gate.

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Speaker 1: And if all that fails and a bad person gets

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Speaker 1: through all of that. Then it becomes the the security

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Speaker 1: of what's on that aircraft and whether it's the flight

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Speaker 1: attendants being trained a certain way, whether that's an air

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Speaker 1: marshal being on board, or whether that's a cockpit door

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Speaker 1: that's been reinforced, or a pilot who has been enrolled

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Speaker 1: in that program that carries a firearm. There's a variety

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Speaker 1: of different layers that we sought to put in place

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Speaker 1: so that if anyone layer was breached, it wasn't you know,

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Speaker 1: the last layer of defense. We made sure we had

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Speaker 1: redundant layers set up. Coming up. In episode five, we

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Speaker 1: tried to put air marshals in suits on those lights.

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Speaker 1: A lot of my flights went to Hawaii, we had

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Speaker 1: haw Wine shirts on, so we tried to blend in

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Speaker 1: what it's like to be a cop in the sky.

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Speaker 1: Nine eleven Two Decades Later is produced by Steve Gregory

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Speaker 1: and Jacob Gonzalez and is a production of the KFIE

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Speaker 1: News department for I heeart Media Los Angeles and the

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Speaker 1: iHeart podcast network. The views expressed are strictly those of

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Speaker 1: the guests and not necessarily the hosts or employees of

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Speaker 1: I Heart Media. H