WEBVTT - SYSK Distraction Playlist: Sugar: It Powers the Earth 0:00:00.880 --> 0:00:05.360 Hey, everybody, it's Josh and Chuck and we now present 0:00:05.480 --> 0:00:09.240 you with ten of our favorite episodes of all times, 0:00:09.800 --> 0:00:13.760 ones that we haven't released as select yet and um, 0:00:13.800 --> 0:00:16.000 just because we thought you might be sitting around board 0:00:16.440 --> 0:00:20.759 wanting to hear some more stuff. That's right, everyone, so 0:00:21.280 --> 0:00:23.880 be safe, be kind to one another, and learn a 0:00:23.960 --> 0:00:29.159 thing or two. Here we go, Welcome to Stuff you 0:00:29.160 --> 0:00:38.200 should know, a production of My Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, 0:00:38.240 --> 0:00:42.559 and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, There's Charles, Chuck, Bryant, Audie. 0:00:43.960 --> 0:00:51.120 Uh high sugar dun dun. That's a I was thinking 0:00:51.120 --> 0:00:52.640 about the earlier at the Archie. So that was an 0:00:52.720 --> 0:00:58.120 Archie song. Oh sugar, honey, honey. D see you called 0:00:58.160 --> 0:01:00.320 Pete your girlfriend like a sugar or hunting or your 0:01:00.320 --> 0:01:03.120 wife or whatever, and it's those are all sweet things. Yeah, 0:01:03.280 --> 0:01:06.920 that all makes sense. Did you get your head? Yeah? 0:01:06.920 --> 0:01:09.720 I mean you wouldn't call you call your wife something 0:01:09.720 --> 0:01:16.840 bitter right like um, like Korean melon. I was trying 0:01:16.840 --> 0:01:18.600 to think of something bitter. I couldn't think of anything. 0:01:19.520 --> 0:01:22.440 Come here, my little Korean melon. I bet someone said that. 0:01:22.560 --> 0:01:26.560 Who I don't know someone Korean? No, and Korea they 0:01:26.600 --> 0:01:30.039 just call him Melons. That's true, man, this is the 0:01:30.040 --> 0:01:34.040 worst start ever. This is the worst ever. I knew 0:01:34.080 --> 0:01:36.959 we would achieve it. We've been building towards well. We 0:01:37.040 --> 0:01:41.160 top ourselves every episode. Really, that's right, um chuck. Yes, 0:01:41.440 --> 0:01:45.520 have you ever tasted sugar? I have. I'm trying to 0:01:45.680 --> 0:01:48.680 bring it back from the break. Yes, I have, I 0:01:48.760 --> 0:01:53.800 have to. Sugar is a big popular sweetener these days. 0:01:54.320 --> 0:01:57.320 It is uh and it's been around for a while. 0:01:57.520 --> 0:01:59.040 I don't know if you know this or not, but 0:01:59.800 --> 0:02:06.080 apparently they think sugar is indigenous to the island known 0:02:06.080 --> 0:02:10.720 as New Guinea in the South Pacific around Polynesia, and 0:02:10.919 --> 0:02:14.880 um that as long as five thousand to eight thousand 0:02:14.919 --> 0:02:18.920 years ago, the Polynesians were cultivating it and going like 0:02:19.160 --> 0:02:24.160 this is the jam, sweet and yummy and sweet energy, 0:02:24.200 --> 0:02:26.960 and it makes us fat. Remember that Simpsons where we're 0:02:27.560 --> 0:02:30.040 I guess Bart grows up to be like a paid 0:02:30.080 --> 0:02:33.800 taste tester, and like he drinks that soda and like 0:02:33.840 --> 0:02:37.200 turns into like this horrible, huge, disfigured thing, and he 0:02:37.200 --> 0:02:41.440 goes sweet and the guy with the clipboard goes pleasing 0:02:41.480 --> 0:02:46.720 taste some monsterism, you remember, I don't remember that. It 0:02:46.800 --> 0:02:49.120 was great was that the one where they was there 0:02:49.160 --> 0:02:51.480 all of their future selves. No, it was like just 0:02:51.520 --> 0:02:55.040 a momentary day dream and it goes back to like 0:02:55.120 --> 0:02:58.680 his normal self and he's like cool, like he can't 0:02:58.680 --> 0:03:01.480 wait to grow up to be a professional taste. You know, 0:03:01.560 --> 0:03:04.440 the table readingly set out on that should be coming out. 0:03:04.600 --> 0:03:07.040 I can't wait this year. Right, it was a good one. Yeah, 0:03:07.040 --> 0:03:10.000 it should be coming out. It's exciting. I'm excited. We 0:03:10.040 --> 0:03:13.440 can't say what it's about. No, I don't know if 0:03:13.480 --> 0:03:15.920 we can. We're just covering. We're gonna air on the 0:03:15.919 --> 0:03:17.840 side of caution because the last one we want us 0:03:17.840 --> 0:03:19.480 for the symptoms to be mad at us after all 0:03:19.480 --> 0:03:23.519 these years for real? Yeah, alright, So where are we? Sugar? 0:03:25.000 --> 0:03:33.640 So I guess Apparently island hopped from New Guinea across Polynesia, 0:03:34.160 --> 0:03:37.520 made its way up to Indonesia and then finally landed 0:03:37.560 --> 0:03:41.720 in India. And when it was in India, it really 0:03:41.760 --> 0:03:46.080 started to spread. Everything spread from India back then trade 0:03:46.120 --> 0:03:50.160 routes and thanks to the Crusades, it was brought to 0:03:50.440 --> 0:03:55.360 Western Europe. Well even before that, the Persians started conquering 0:03:55.400 --> 0:03:59.400 the land and they encountered sugar and brought that with them. 0:03:59.440 --> 0:04:03.000 That's right. And then you got Columbus, that jerk brought 0:04:03.040 --> 0:04:06.400 sugarcane itself to the Caribbean and said, you know, like 0:04:06.520 --> 0:04:08.920 some some roots samplings, and said, let's try and plant 0:04:08.920 --> 0:04:11.160 this stuff here. And it turned out it was a 0:04:11.240 --> 0:04:14.840 great place to plant sugarcane. It really was, because sugarcane 0:04:14.960 --> 0:04:19.120 is a tropical plant. Yeah, the cane, you can't grow 0:04:19.120 --> 0:04:21.919 it any just anywhere, but you can grow it in 0:04:21.960 --> 0:04:27.719 places like South America, the Caribbean, South Africa, southern United States, 0:04:28.600 --> 0:04:32.919 hot places, India, as we already mentioned. And it just 0:04:33.000 --> 0:04:37.320 kind of spread like wildfire across the world, especially once 0:04:37.360 --> 0:04:41.200 it came to what's known as the New World, like 0:04:41.240 --> 0:04:46.880 you said, via Columbus. Unfortunately, it also was and it 0:04:46.960 --> 0:04:51.680 became an agent of slavery. Yes, uh, it certainly did. 0:04:51.960 --> 0:04:55.000 It fueled the slave trade for quite a while. Um. 0:04:55.120 --> 0:04:58.120 And then by seventeen fifty there were a hundred and 0:04:58.120 --> 0:05:00.880 twenty sugar refineries in Britain. They called it white gold, 0:05:01.640 --> 0:05:04.680 and uh, it was up until that point it had 0:05:04.720 --> 0:05:07.159 been kind of a luxury. Well a little before that 0:05:07.279 --> 0:05:10.400 it beat it became a little more widespread. It was 0:05:10.680 --> 0:05:14.560 a complete luxury. Like literally it was for royalty pretty much. 0:05:14.600 --> 0:05:18.080 It was so rare and hard to come by. UM. 0:05:18.120 --> 0:05:25.839 Apparently the first enter, the first Seaborn International Sugar Exchange 0:05:26.320 --> 0:05:30.240 was between Venice and England in thirteen nineteen. I saw 0:05:30.240 --> 0:05:31.960 that Venice was the first place where they were like 0:05:32.000 --> 0:05:34.840 refining it really well, right, and the Venetians where that 0:05:34.960 --> 0:05:37.440 was a merchant city if there ever was one. So 0:05:37.480 --> 0:05:39.320 they were selling it and one of the places they sold, 0:05:39.440 --> 0:05:42.919 the first place they sold it to overseas was England, 0:05:42.920 --> 0:05:45.280 and it was in thirteen nineteen, and they sold fifty 0:05:45.360 --> 0:05:49.680 tons for what's the equivalent of about eleven million dollars today, 0:05:50.040 --> 0:05:52.159 and that's tons with an N N E. I'm sure 0:05:52.400 --> 0:05:55.560 so yes, and right now you could get that for 0:05:55.720 --> 0:06:00.560 about twenty thousand dollars. It was eleven million dollars back then, 0:06:01.080 --> 0:06:04.280 so it was very very expensive. But then two things 0:06:04.360 --> 0:06:08.600 happened that opened the sugar industry and made it available 0:06:08.680 --> 0:06:15.359 to the general public. Uh. The Reformation, which actually strangely 0:06:15.560 --> 0:06:19.120 led to a decrease in honey because monasteries were the 0:06:19.200 --> 0:06:23.240 major producers of honey. Monks kept bees, and the Reformation 0:06:23.560 --> 0:06:28.279 led to a closure of a lot of monasteries and UM. Secondly, 0:06:28.839 --> 0:06:32.880 sugar just became more available. Like those two things happened 0:06:32.880 --> 0:06:35.080 at the same time, and all of a sudden it 0:06:35.160 --> 0:06:37.960 was something that the average person could get their hands on, 0:06:38.800 --> 0:06:41.479 and it actually led to a huge increase in tea consumption. 0:06:41.960 --> 0:06:44.560 Oh yeah, because before then people drank tea. But once 0:06:44.600 --> 0:06:46.720 they started putting sugar in their tea, they're like, we 0:06:46.880 --> 0:06:50.080 love tea, And that's when it became like the the 0:06:50.200 --> 0:06:54.239 national drink of Great Britain. Man, I love a good 0:06:54.240 --> 0:06:56.640 English tea with a little cream and little sugar in it. 0:06:57.279 --> 0:07:00.160 Just delicious, you t guy? I like the herb eat 0:07:00.240 --> 0:07:02.560 kind more. No, I like it all. Man. I love 0:07:02.600 --> 0:07:07.200 green tea, I love English breakfast tea. You love black tea. 0:07:07.400 --> 0:07:09.600 I'll even do a little I'll chiye it up every 0:07:09.600 --> 0:07:11.960 now and then. I'm I'm into all of it. That's 0:07:12.000 --> 0:07:18.080 a wild sidewalk, uh. And from about eighteen fifteen there 0:07:18.120 --> 0:07:20.440 was a lot of warring going on in Europe and 0:07:20.480 --> 0:07:25.640 there were naval blockades by Britain that basically Europe needed 0:07:25.640 --> 0:07:27.120 that sugar fix and they were like, but you can't 0:07:27.160 --> 0:07:30.440 cut us off. We love sugar now. And so in 0:07:30.600 --> 0:07:34.640 seventeen forty seven they realized that the sugar beat, which 0:07:34.680 --> 0:07:36.880 is the other way you can get sugar, was a 0:07:36.920 --> 0:07:38.640 great way to do it, and that's how they get 0:07:38.640 --> 0:07:41.720 their sugar today. Still. And the beat is um looks 0:07:41.720 --> 0:07:45.200 like a beat that's not purple. It's a root and 0:07:45.240 --> 0:07:46.480 it grows up out of the ground. Looks like a 0:07:46.520 --> 0:07:51.840 little uh, just sort of whitish, light brown. Yeah, sort 0:07:51.840 --> 0:07:54.920 of like a turnip. But it's sweet. It is about 0:07:54.960 --> 0:07:59.200 seventeen percent of the sugar beet is uh can eventually 0:07:59.240 --> 0:08:02.480 become sugar, as opposed to only about ten in the cane, 0:08:02.920 --> 0:08:05.480 which I thought was unusual. Yeah, so you have these 0:08:05.480 --> 0:08:10.760 two plants that can be processed separately independently, and both 0:08:10.800 --> 0:08:16.920 will produce is sugar indistinguishable to the average person, pretty neat. 0:08:17.000 --> 0:08:19.120 And the reason why I chuck, The reason why that 0:08:19.480 --> 0:08:22.800 why it would be indistinguishable is because all plants have sugar. 0:08:24.000 --> 0:08:28.680 That's right. It's a carbohydrate, a simple carbohydrate, and um. 0:08:28.680 --> 0:08:32.560 Sugar is a part of photosynthesis. But you can't go 0:08:32.640 --> 0:08:35.000 out and get, you know, a blade of switch grass 0:08:35.240 --> 0:08:37.160 and get enough sugar out of it to make sugar, 0:08:37.880 --> 0:08:40.720 even though the sugar in it, it's only abundant enough 0:08:40.760 --> 0:08:42.920 in the beet in the cane to really produce sugar. 0:08:42.960 --> 0:08:48.320 Sugar exactly, but sugars is kind of this um. It's 0:08:48.440 --> 0:08:55.160 it's a molecule that powers the earth. Yeah, really like humans, plants, 0:08:55.200 --> 0:08:59.040 everything gets is powered by sugar. It's pretty neat. It 0:08:59.120 --> 0:09:02.520 is pretty neat. Uh. It is also as a you 0:09:02.559 --> 0:09:06.160 can be used it as a preservative. UM. It prevents 0:09:06.160 --> 0:09:09.959 bacteria from growing in jam um. Sometimes you can change 0:09:10.000 --> 0:09:12.000 the texture. They use it as like a food editive 0:09:12.080 --> 0:09:15.800 to make something look and feel different, not only just 0:09:15.800 --> 0:09:18.960 taste different. They're like, this doesn't put fuzzy little jackets 0:09:18.960 --> 0:09:21.200 on people's teeth when they eat it. Enough, So let's 0:09:21.200 --> 0:09:26.000 add some sugar. And our favorite use of sugar is 0:09:26.440 --> 0:09:31.600 to make booze. Accelerates fermentation. And my favorite uses of 0:09:31.640 --> 0:09:35.680 sugar are to make booze and to make Reese's Pieces. Okay, 0:09:35.880 --> 0:09:38.440 let's not leave that out. Yeah, it's a it's an 0:09:38.520 --> 0:09:42.960 important part of the production of alcohol and Reese's Pieces 0:09:42.960 --> 0:09:45.600 and Reese's Pieces, and it does make the world go round. Um. 0:09:46.840 --> 0:09:49.240 And the world actually produces quite a bit of sugar. 0:09:49.520 --> 0:09:52.760 So in this article from a few years ago, it 0:09:52.840 --> 0:09:56.800 says that um the world made about seventy eight million tons. 0:09:56.800 --> 0:10:03.480 That's seventy one metric tons of sugarcane annually. Is that accurate? Stild? 0:10:03.480 --> 0:10:08.079 You know, well, it's just sugarcane. But I know that 0:10:08.200 --> 0:10:13.160 sugarcane accounts for eighty percent of sugar production about and 0:10:13.200 --> 0:10:19.360 then sugar beats account for about um But in I 0:10:19.360 --> 0:10:22.400 think two thousand thirteen, the world produced a hundred and 0:10:22.480 --> 0:10:27.400 sixty five million metric tons of sugar. Okay, yeah, so 0:10:27.440 --> 0:10:29.200 I guess you'd have to be a mathematician to figure 0:10:29.240 --> 0:10:32.200 out that formula. But plus you probably have to have 0:10:32.240 --> 0:10:35.880 more info than weeds. This cave. The cane, sugar cane 0:10:35.920 --> 0:10:39.280 looks sort of like bamboo, the stock does. It's a 0:10:39.320 --> 0:10:42.439 tropical grass. To the top of it looks grassy, and 0:10:42.800 --> 0:10:45.120 it takes about a year or to grow. It takes 0:10:45.160 --> 0:10:49.440 about eighteen months from planting. But once it's planted, you know, 0:10:49.480 --> 0:10:50.959 you cut it back to the route and it will 0:10:51.000 --> 0:10:53.040 take another twelve months for that to grow back up 0:10:53.720 --> 0:10:57.120 to be harvested again. So what's the eighteen months thing? 0:10:57.200 --> 0:10:59.320 Then eight months is if you plan a brand new 0:10:59.440 --> 0:11:03.319 oh god jokes like from from seed, I guess grows 0:11:03.360 --> 0:11:05.600 and breaks. They call him cane brakes, which I always 0:11:05.679 --> 0:11:08.320 think is like one of the neater like Earth science 0:11:08.480 --> 0:11:13.360 terms cane brakes, cane brake. Uh, it is grown and 0:11:14.800 --> 0:11:18.200 not always um refined near where it's grown, but it 0:11:18.280 --> 0:11:24.080 is harvested and h and processed initially close to where 0:11:24.080 --> 0:11:26.560 it's grown, so it doesn't rot. Sort of like like 0:11:26.600 --> 0:11:29.080 when we did coffee. You know, you want to do 0:11:29.120 --> 0:11:31.560 most of that stuff near where it's grown, right, And 0:11:31.600 --> 0:11:34.000 there are some stuffs you have to take to harvest 0:11:34.120 --> 0:11:37.520 sugar at least even get into the to the raw state. 0:11:38.440 --> 0:11:42.120 But yeah, not every processing place refines it all the 0:11:42.160 --> 0:11:45.679 way to what we would call table. Yeah, sometimes it's 0:11:45.679 --> 0:11:48.440 sent to a refinery, so I guess we can cover 0:11:48.520 --> 0:11:50.839 that in broad strokes here. But it, I mean, it's 0:11:50.840 --> 0:11:53.720 pretty complicated. And yeah, I mean, if you're looking for 0:11:54.880 --> 0:11:56.959 the end all be all of how sugar is produced, 0:11:57.160 --> 0:12:00.280 then go watching our long video on YouTube. What was it? 0:12:01.000 --> 0:12:05.040 Remember how how um incredibly complex chocolate making is. Remember 0:12:07.320 --> 0:12:12.120 I love all these These are some of my favorite ones. Salt, sugar, coffee, commodities. Yeah, 0:12:12.320 --> 0:12:15.240 the commodity sweet. We gotta do tea we haven't done tea, okay, 0:12:15.480 --> 0:12:17.720 and wine we still haven't done wine yet. Yeah. That 0:12:17.760 --> 0:12:20.360 one that just bugs me. We've got a great offer 0:12:20.440 --> 0:12:22.960 from a nice guy. I don't have his name in 0:12:23.000 --> 0:12:26.480 my memory, but I have his email in a safeholder. Yeah, 0:12:26.600 --> 0:12:28.760 and he was like, you need some help with this stuff. 0:12:28.800 --> 0:12:32.120 I've got experts. We're ready to talk to you about wine. 0:12:32.760 --> 0:12:34.680 That could that should be a sweet That's a dense, 0:12:34.760 --> 0:12:38.960 dense topic. All right, So sugar beets, let's talk about 0:12:38.960 --> 0:12:43.480 that in the process. Um, usually they're gonna extract over 0:12:43.520 --> 0:12:46.520 the winter months between September and February. And as we 0:12:46.520 --> 0:12:49.920 said earlier, sugar beat is about seventeen percent sugar. Yeah, 0:12:50.040 --> 0:12:54.760 so not too bad bang for your buck wise, you know, 0:12:55.240 --> 0:12:57.400 I mean, considering the cane is only ten percent. Yeah, 0:12:57.559 --> 0:12:59.040 I mean you could pick it up and eat it 0:12:59.080 --> 0:13:01.400 and be like, this is pretty sweet. Oh yeah seven. 0:13:01.720 --> 0:13:06.760 I guess if you're in Russia you could. That's true. 0:13:06.920 --> 0:13:12.000 That's their esist pieces sugar beets UH in a stolen 0:13:12.080 --> 0:13:15.840 international incident. No things are tense right now, you know, Yeah, 0:13:15.880 --> 0:13:19.240 between US and UH and Russia. Yeah, it's like nineteen 0:13:19.520 --> 0:13:22.040 seventies seven again, we'll the kicking us out of the 0:13:22.040 --> 0:13:27.600 space station. Star Wars just came out. Uh. So, if 0:13:27.600 --> 0:13:29.400 you're gonna process sugar beet. You're gonna slice it and 0:13:29.440 --> 0:13:30.960 you're gonna put it in hot water and you're gonna 0:13:30.960 --> 0:13:34.679 boil it. And it's similar to sugarcane. They're gonna make 0:13:34.679 --> 0:13:37.640 a sugary juice. Then they're gonna filter it, purify it, 0:13:38.720 --> 0:13:43.720 concentrate it, isolate those sugars, and eventually you're gonna get 0:13:43.720 --> 0:13:48.360 sugar crystals developing because you send that syrupy juice through 0:13:48.440 --> 0:13:51.720 what's called a centrifuge, and that's going to separate the 0:13:51.760 --> 0:13:55.360 crystal from what is known as the mother liquor. Whatever 0:13:55.480 --> 0:13:57.840 is left which is one of my favorite terms. Now, 0:13:58.320 --> 0:14:00.960 when whatever is left over that's not crystal is mother 0:14:01.000 --> 0:14:06.000 liquor like byproducts in the original juice, And apparently that 0:14:06.040 --> 0:14:10.400 can be h extracted a few times, I would guess, 0:14:10.440 --> 0:14:12.280 so to get all the crystals out of it. Yeah, 0:14:12.400 --> 0:14:14.440 and I think sometimes they need to add a little 0:14:14.440 --> 0:14:17.599 sugar dust to spur that crystallization. Wow, it sounds like 0:14:17.640 --> 0:14:23.000 a magical process. There's mother liquor, there's sugar dust. And 0:14:23.360 --> 0:14:25.200 actually know that you bring up sugar dusts you know, 0:14:25.440 --> 0:14:28.560 do you remember down in Savannah and like two thousand 0:14:28.640 --> 0:14:32.560 seven eight, that sugar refinery that exploded. It was sugar 0:14:32.760 --> 0:14:36.120 that exploded. Dust in the air. Yeah, sugar. Dust is 0:14:36.200 --> 0:14:39.320 particular matter, and when it gets into the air, it 0:14:39.400 --> 0:14:44.760 can catch fire and explode. And it did. It blew 0:14:44.920 --> 0:14:48.640 that place sky high? Yeah. When was that? I wrote 0:14:48.640 --> 0:14:50.760 about it when I got here, So I would guess 0:14:50.760 --> 0:14:52.680 like two thousand seven or two thousand and eight. What 0:14:52.720 --> 0:14:55.960 was the article like, how can sugar explode? I think 0:14:56.000 --> 0:14:59.960 I remember seeing that. We should have touched on that. 0:15:00.040 --> 0:15:02.680 I guess I just did. But I mean, like you 0:15:02.720 --> 0:15:04.520 should go back and check out that now that you 0:15:04.560 --> 0:15:07.600 realize that it was just sugar. Yeah, that blew that 0:15:07.680 --> 0:15:11.760 place up. It it formed a crater. Basically, it just 0:15:12.080 --> 0:15:14.760 blew the whole refiner. Any flour could do that too, right, 0:15:14.880 --> 0:15:18.640 same principle. Yeah, any particulate matter I can do that. 0:15:18.720 --> 0:15:22.280 I think can that's nutty? Yeah? Um, alright, So sugarcane, 0:15:22.320 --> 0:15:24.640 it is a very similar process. They're gonna pulverize the 0:15:24.640 --> 0:15:27.640 stalk um, add water and lime and that's going to 0:15:27.720 --> 0:15:34.200 be your syrupy sweet juice and not lime like limestone. Yeah, 0:15:34.760 --> 0:15:37.760 not like squeeze limes into it. I had to double check. No, 0:15:37.920 --> 0:15:41.560 you're right, because it's tropical you know exactly. Uh, and 0:15:41.600 --> 0:15:43.400 they're also going to run that through this interfuge, and 0:15:43.400 --> 0:15:46.080 you're gonna get your mother liquor in your crystals, and 0:15:46.080 --> 0:15:49.160 that is also going to be washed and filtered and 0:15:49.200 --> 0:15:53.040 refined further until you get your sugary white goodness, you know. 0:15:53.080 --> 0:15:58.000 Evaporations going on. It's it's it's one of those things 0:15:58.040 --> 0:16:00.880 that sounds complicated, but it's actually pretty simple. It's the 0:16:00.920 --> 0:16:04.160 same as when you're like making a simple syrup at home. 0:16:04.240 --> 0:16:06.800 You're boiling sugar and water. It evaporates off, and you're 0:16:06.800 --> 0:16:11.680 gonna end up with something super sweet. So chuck their 0:16:11.800 --> 0:16:17.280 byproducts to this whole process. Essentially, molasses is chief among them. Yeah, 0:16:17.400 --> 0:16:19.880 I never knew that. Yeah, it's a byproduct that comes 0:16:19.960 --> 0:16:25.240 from boiling sugar, right, yeah, I mean it's it's basically 0:16:25.360 --> 0:16:31.320 the Yeah, it's it's it's the dark like that. That's 0:16:31.320 --> 0:16:33.400 what makes brown sugar dark, or sugar in the raw 0:16:33.480 --> 0:16:36.640 dark is molasses. Right. The molasses isn't extracted as much 0:16:36.960 --> 0:16:40.560 as it is with refined white sugar. Fine white sugar 0:16:40.600 --> 0:16:43.680 has zero molasses in it, like sugar in the raw 0:16:43.720 --> 0:16:47.080 has more and more. It's less refined um and then 0:16:47.120 --> 0:16:52.080 the greatest byproduct of molasses is of course rum. Yeah yeah, 0:16:52.360 --> 0:16:54.280 I put a little molasses in my when I make 0:16:54.320 --> 0:16:57.520 melin barbecue sauce. Oh yeah, that's good. Yeah, that's nice. 0:16:58.080 --> 0:17:02.800 Another byproduct is called gas, and that is um the 0:17:02.840 --> 0:17:06.359 pulp essentially of the cane. Are you making these words up? No? 0:17:06.640 --> 0:17:10.400 Those are rewards what mother looking in bagas? But gas 0:17:10.840 --> 0:17:13.880 we I think another process we studied. It's not it's 0:17:13.880 --> 0:17:18.640 not central just to sugar. It's just the pulpy fibrous 0:17:18.760 --> 0:17:21.800 matter leftover from this kind of process. I wonder what 0:17:21.880 --> 0:17:24.880 we talked about that and was it? Was it coffee? 0:17:24.920 --> 0:17:28.560 Now maybe maybe maybe? But the ba gas is used 0:17:28.680 --> 0:17:31.040 is a big gas because I think I remembers discussing 0:17:31.080 --> 0:17:34.080 whether it's a big gas or by gas. It's big gas. 0:17:34.320 --> 0:17:38.320 I listened to it today. Um yeah, we definitely cover 0:17:38.400 --> 0:17:41.080 that before. I'm starting to feel like an old man 0:17:41.119 --> 0:17:43.399 because when you when we have seven undertopics or so 0:17:43.640 --> 0:17:47.200 oh yeah, literally vaguely familiar, but yeah, I want to 0:17:47.359 --> 0:17:49.879 sound dumb, so you don't say anything, and they just 0:17:49.920 --> 0:17:54.240 spend the next week and going over this. I'm telling you, 0:17:54.359 --> 0:17:56.399 one day we're going to rerecord a show and not 0:17:56.440 --> 0:18:01.639 realize it, man, and we're going to hear about it. Well, 0:18:01.760 --> 0:18:05.359 what was it? It was crystal skulls. We never release 0:18:05.440 --> 0:18:07.639 that one, right, But remember I was like, I thought 0:18:07.680 --> 0:18:11.600 for sure we recorded this, no dreams, what it was. 0:18:11.960 --> 0:18:15.639 We went to record dreams and we just were it 0:18:15.760 --> 0:18:19.320 just wasn't there. Yeah. Uh so, but gas we definitely 0:18:19.320 --> 0:18:21.960 talked about. And the gas is a great byproduct because 0:18:21.960 --> 0:18:26.320 that can be used to power the sugar refinery. They 0:18:26.320 --> 0:18:30.080 actually burned that as fuel to create the steam used 0:18:30.119 --> 0:18:32.479 to power some of these machines. So that is one 0:18:32.480 --> 0:18:37.120 way that sugar production can be green. Um. However, mass 0:18:37.160 --> 0:18:40.280 production of anything like this isn't super green because they're 0:18:40.320 --> 0:18:44.040 transporting stuff over large distances and there's clear cutting of land. 0:18:44.119 --> 0:18:47.720 Well that's a big one with with sugar. Yeah, deforestation 0:18:47.800 --> 0:18:50.480 like in the Amazon, right, and yeah, that's exactly right. Yeah. 0:18:50.520 --> 0:18:55.000 So even though they're using things like the gas as 0:18:55.040 --> 0:18:58.520 a byproduct to help power why is that funny? Because 0:18:58.600 --> 0:19:01.760 I always hear by gas and my head okay anytime 0:19:01.800 --> 0:19:04.080 you say it. But it is not a looked upon 0:19:04.160 --> 0:19:08.000 as one of the more green products that is used 0:19:08.040 --> 0:19:11.280 and produced, you know, like they have to use baby 0:19:11.359 --> 0:19:16.160 lambs to really refine it to its whitest. Not true. Well, 0:19:16.200 --> 0:19:18.159 it uses their souls at least, I guess, if you 0:19:18.160 --> 0:19:21.439 want to get technical, the souls of baby lambs, and 0:19:21.480 --> 0:19:23.560 then they're just left to wander the earth for the 0:19:23.600 --> 0:19:27.000 rest of their natural lives, like not feeling anything. So 0:19:47.400 --> 0:19:50.080 there's a lot of types of sugar. There are. Um, 0:19:50.119 --> 0:19:53.200 when you think about sugar, especially here in the West, 0:19:53.400 --> 0:19:57.159 you think, oh, that really white, like really pretty powdery 0:19:57.320 --> 0:20:01.360 granular stuff, and that's called will sugar, and that's what's 0:20:01.400 --> 0:20:05.800 known as sucros. That's right, And sucros is glucose and 0:20:05.880 --> 0:20:11.479 fruit toast. Sucros also apparently occurs naturally. There's a lot 0:20:11.560 --> 0:20:15.280 of different types of sugar that you're gonna find in plants, uh, 0:20:15.359 --> 0:20:19.560 and from some animals too. Yeah. Yeah, So cow's milk 0:20:20.320 --> 0:20:29.320 contains lactose and gullactose, both of which are sugars um sucros. Again, 0:20:29.359 --> 0:20:31.880 that's typically table sugar, but I believe you can find 0:20:31.880 --> 0:20:35.080 that in plants, and that's glucose and fructose what you said, Yeah, 0:20:35.080 --> 0:20:40.040 and it's even one molecule glucose, one molecule fruit toast. 0:20:40.240 --> 0:20:44.480 Put them together, you've got sucros, fruit toast is commonly 0:20:44.520 --> 0:20:48.320 found in fruits. Yeah. Uh, it's also found in honey 0:20:48.560 --> 0:20:53.720 fruit tastes. And then, um, glucose. This is the one 0:20:53.800 --> 0:20:57.600 you commonly think of when you think the body and sugar, 0:20:58.200 --> 0:21:00.560 because glucose is what the body ones on. And we'll 0:21:00.600 --> 0:21:02.080 talk about that a little more in depth than a 0:21:02.160 --> 0:21:04.840 little bit. Yeah, and that's in honey and fruits and veggies. 0:21:06.400 --> 0:21:08.480 And then something called zylos, which I've never heard of, 0:21:08.560 --> 0:21:12.359 that's in wood and straw. It's pretty interesting. Yeah, there's 0:21:12.400 --> 0:21:18.000 a sugar alcohol called zilattle. Yeah, that's very sweet. Yeah. 0:21:18.000 --> 0:21:23.000 There's sugar alcohols and they supposedly um circumvent your blood sugar, 0:21:23.040 --> 0:21:26.840 your normal metabolic blood sugar process, so they taste sweet, 0:21:26.840 --> 0:21:29.760 but they don't have any impact on your blood sugar. 0:21:30.520 --> 0:21:33.840 And one of them is called zio Litle. Zio litle, 0:21:33.920 --> 0:21:36.840 and that's the name of the product. Yeah. There's this 0:21:37.160 --> 0:21:42.200 uh Danish or Swedish gum that's like the best sugar 0:21:42.280 --> 0:21:44.840 free gum you can possibly get your hands on. It's 0:21:44.840 --> 0:21:48.600 called Ziolidle. It's so good. Terrible name though it is, 0:21:48.640 --> 0:21:52.000 but it's named after the sugar, which apparently is based 0:21:52.040 --> 0:21:57.400 on I guess it's probably would sugar alcohol. Wow, yeah, 0:21:57.440 --> 0:22:01.000 it's pretty creative. I didn't. I'm just recounting here, so 0:22:01.280 --> 0:22:04.920 I know I know you did. You weren't complimenting me. Uh. 0:22:05.000 --> 0:22:11.240 Sugar comes in different granulations and from icing sugar, which 0:22:11.320 --> 0:22:13.639 is if you've ever heard of confection or sugar that 0:22:13.720 --> 0:22:19.600 you daintily sprinkle on top of your Um what's it called? 0:22:19.640 --> 0:22:21.520 What did you get at the fair? Your funnel cake? 0:22:23.040 --> 0:22:25.679 Those are so good? They are. I haven't had one year, 0:22:25.760 --> 0:22:28.680 so yeah, they're good. I never like I got. I 0:22:28.720 --> 0:22:32.440 don't indulge in that stuff. Man, what why is going on? Chuck? Well, 0:22:32.480 --> 0:22:35.600 you know, I'm I'm overweight and like it's there's just 0:22:35.640 --> 0:22:37.280 like you don't want to be the overweight guy walking 0:22:37.320 --> 0:22:40.400 up to the funnel cake stand, you know, Well that's 0:22:40.440 --> 0:22:42.320 why you sneak around the back, get someone else to 0:22:42.320 --> 0:22:46.359 go get it, and you eat in the alley. Cry. 0:22:46.680 --> 0:22:49.600 I've never done that. No, I avoid that stuff. Ice 0:22:49.640 --> 0:22:52.800 Cream is my big downfall. Oh it's your ice cream? 0:22:53.200 --> 0:22:57.159 What's your favorite? Um? Well, Ben and Jerry's sure like, 0:22:57.280 --> 0:23:02.560 but which one, Chubby Hubby? Oh it's a good one, ironically, Yeah, Um, 0:23:02.720 --> 0:23:06.880 I gotta tell you have you had Bluebell. Yeah, okay, 0:23:07.080 --> 0:23:11.159 Blue Bell is like the third best selling ice cream brand, 0:23:11.840 --> 0:23:14.479 like Country, but you can only get it in like 0:23:14.560 --> 0:23:18.960 seven states. That's how good it is. And um, they 0:23:19.000 --> 0:23:23.000 have a banana pudding flavor that is if you're in 0:23:23.080 --> 0:23:26.200 Nevada and you can't, the closest you can get it 0:23:26.280 --> 0:23:29.960 is in Mississippi. It's worth driving there for and it's 0:23:30.000 --> 0:23:32.480 like eight bucks for like a gallon or a half gallons, 0:23:32.680 --> 0:23:36.440 ridiculously expensive, but it is so good. All of their 0:23:36.440 --> 0:23:38.720 flavors are good, but their banana putting one is like 0:23:39.680 --> 0:23:43.120 it's just I'm about to cry. Yeah. There. Um, their 0:23:43.200 --> 0:23:46.360 radio commercials or have you heard those? The songs are horrible. Oh, 0:23:46.359 --> 0:23:49.080 it's the funniest stuff you've ever heard. The TV version 0:23:49.080 --> 0:23:51.240 of it is even worse. Yeah, it seems like a joke, 0:23:51.359 --> 0:23:54.040 Like are they serious or is this campy? Oh? They're serious. 0:23:54.440 --> 0:23:58.639 It's like an eighty five year old like braptist preachers 0:23:58.640 --> 0:24:03.000 in charge of like their it's it is. It's campy. 0:24:03.000 --> 0:24:06.199 It's so it's and they don't mean it. It is. 0:24:06.280 --> 0:24:08.400 For those of you who don't know the songs, it's 0:24:08.440 --> 0:24:12.080 literally like, you know, Mama's baking the apple pie and 0:24:12.119 --> 0:24:15.200 putting in the window sill and like the picket fences outside, 0:24:15.200 --> 0:24:18.080 and we're eating bluebell ice cream because it tastes like 0:24:18.080 --> 0:24:20.879 the good old days. It's really funny. It rhymes more 0:24:20.920 --> 0:24:25.080 than that, but that's just it. I'm sure it's on YouTube. 0:24:25.080 --> 0:24:27.879 Just type bluebell ice cream. Man. Yeah, it's good stuff. 0:24:28.320 --> 0:24:31.480 Um Man. That was a nice sidetrack. So then you 0:24:31.560 --> 0:24:34.639 got castor sugar, which is larger than powdered sugar but 0:24:34.680 --> 0:24:36.840 smaller than granulated sugar. Yeah, which I didn't know about 0:24:36.920 --> 0:24:38.800 until like a couple of months ago. I don't remember 0:24:38.880 --> 0:24:40.600 what recipe it was, but there was a recipe that 0:24:40.640 --> 0:24:43.399