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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you should know from house Stuff Works

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Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh

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Speaker 1: Clark with Charles W. Chuck Bryant and Jerry's over there.

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Speaker 1: Wellcome those big stone heads behind you. We must be

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Speaker 1: on Easter Island. Yeah we are, Chuck. We just started

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Speaker 1: every show like that will role play. Who are you

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Speaker 1: right now? I don't know I was. I'm not sure

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Speaker 1: what that was. He started off as me, but then

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Speaker 1: it went into Barney Fife or something right, Yeah, there

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Speaker 1: you go. Barney Fife on holiday to Eastern Island, or

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Speaker 1: Rapa Nui. Mr Limpett yeah, boy, that ages or Mr

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Speaker 1: Chicken the Ghost of Mr Chicken another good one. I'd say.

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Speaker 1: S of our listeners are like, who is Barney five?

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Speaker 1: Who was Mr Limpett? It was Mr Chicken. Go look

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Speaker 1: it up. You'll be delighted. Yeah, man, don yeah. He

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Speaker 1: He also did great turns on Scooby Doo oh sure

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Speaker 1: in three Company. Yeah. Man, he had a great career.

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Speaker 1: I love that guy. R I p don knots is

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Speaker 1: he not with us? Oh? Yeah yeah. I think he

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Speaker 1: died like in the last five, six, ten years. I

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Speaker 1: think you never know, man, you know some of those people.

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Speaker 1: You're like, oh, sure, like a Vagoda. People thought he

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Speaker 1: was dead for years. It was like a part of

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Speaker 1: pop culture that he was dead. He just died this year.

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Speaker 1: I think that's the way. Yeah, it's very sad. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he's like, fine, here we go. I think that maybe

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Speaker 1: that's a good Is that the ultimate compliment or the

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Speaker 1: ultimate sign of disrespect that when he passed, everyone's like

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Speaker 1: I thought they were already dead. Disrespect. Okay, Um, we're

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Speaker 1: on East Tryland, that's where we were, That's right, which

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Speaker 1: means the big rappa in Polynesian. Yeah in Rapa Nui language.

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Speaker 1: Did you know that? Are you alluding to Joe versus

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Speaker 1: the volcano? Okay, that's the pony wos. Yeah, the big

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Speaker 1: Wou was the volcano. I just thought you were playing

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Speaker 1: on that. No. I was looking high and low for

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Speaker 1: what rapa Nui translates into English, and all I could

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Speaker 1: see where jackass As you said that it translates to

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Speaker 1: Eastern Island. Like, that's not what I mean? Internet? Um

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Speaker 1: did you punch the Internet? But it turned out it

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Speaker 1: was just my last Um. No, the the closest I

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Speaker 1: found was that rapa Nui means big Rappa r A

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Speaker 1: p A no idea what rappa means? Did you see

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Speaker 1: the movie rap? No? Kevin Reynolds movie? Is that? Who

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Speaker 1: made it? Yeah? I think he wrote and directed it.

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Speaker 1: I know he directed it. I'm pretty sure he wrote

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Speaker 1: it too. And who is he? What do I know

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Speaker 1: that name? Oh, he's done all sorts of stuff, the

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Speaker 1: water World. No, that's Kevin Um. Well, no, he was

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Speaker 1: in it, but I think he directed to um. Kevin

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Speaker 1: Reynolds and Kevin Costner's UM careers were very much intertwined.

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Speaker 1: May I think got confused a lot. He's done a

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Speaker 1: lot of great stuff. But we you didn't see Revenue. No.

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Speaker 1: I assume it's a a story, fictional story wrapped in

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Speaker 1: the events of probably the decline of the island would

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Speaker 1: be my guest. Yes, civil war, strife, possibly cannibalism. What's interesting, though,

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Speaker 1: is that that fictional story wrapped in the true life events. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it turns out the true life events are probably fictional

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Speaker 1: as well. Yeah. This actually and maybe I should give

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Speaker 1: our own article a break because most people have been

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Speaker 1: telling the same story for years, which is basically the

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Speaker 1: story that author Jared Diamond told in his book In

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Speaker 1: two thousand five called collapse. Right, he popularized it. He

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Speaker 1: wasn't the first one to come up with this interpretation. No,

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Speaker 1: but he's he's the one that really he's the gun

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Speaker 1: germs and the old guy, right, one of one of

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Speaker 1: my heroes. You wrote one of the greatest things I've

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Speaker 1: ever read, um, the worst mistake in the history of

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Speaker 1: the human race. But like a one word book, but her. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I was trying to think of something. But that's better

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Speaker 1: than anything I could have thought of. No, he was

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Speaker 1: saying that he made the case that moving from hunting

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Speaker 1: and gathering to agriculture was the worst mistake humans have

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Speaker 1: ever made. Great, it's all over the internet if you

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Speaker 1: want to go read it. Really great easy read. Um

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Speaker 1: and life changing change my life? Is that why you

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Speaker 1: stalk buffalo today? By hand? Raise my own crops? You

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Speaker 1: come home, You're like, you mean skin that thing? I

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Speaker 1: need a pelt. She's like, I just got done skinning

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Speaker 1: the last one from me yesterday. Uh, you skin it

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Speaker 1: and you go okay. Um, where were we We were

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Speaker 1: talking about Kevin Reynolds rep New Week and there we

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Speaker 1: were saying that um. And by the way, Kevin Reynolds

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Speaker 1: did direct water World. It did Robin Hood, Prince of Thieves,

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Speaker 1: a lot of Kevin Costner movies with the Postman too. No,

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Speaker 1: he did Fandango. That was a good one. Um, he's

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Speaker 1: done a bunch of stuff, all right. So I think

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Speaker 1: I remember where I was, which is, um, we should

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Speaker 1: take it easy on our article a little bit. I

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Speaker 1: was a little annoyed that this article didn't say theorized

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Speaker 1: things like that. It kind of just said, like, no,

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Speaker 1: this is what happened, and and it was really judgy,

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Speaker 1: Like the thing that it bought into is an extremely

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Speaker 1: judgy interpretation of things, and it bought it as fact.

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Speaker 1: It's the judgest article on the whole site. Well what

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Speaker 1: about the one I sent you earlier today? Yeah, how

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Speaker 1: did you deal with brown Nosers? Yeah? An article on

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Speaker 1: our site called how the Deal with Brown Nosers? Four pages? Yep,

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Speaker 1: if you're looking for advice, go check it out. Good

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Speaker 1: miss me, um, weird times my friend. Uh so, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I was a little annoyed that it kind of treated

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Speaker 1: us all as absolute scientific fact when it certainly isn't. Um.

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Speaker 1: It just seems like one of those things that like

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Speaker 1: someone said it, someone else wrote a popular book, and

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Speaker 1: then everyone's like, oh, well, that's what happened, right, and

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Speaker 1: that's really unusual for anthropology and archaeology. Frankly, Jared Diamond

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Speaker 1: should have known better. Um, he's really taken a lot

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Speaker 1: of heat. Um, his star was pretty high at the time.

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Speaker 1: He had like a neat geo show. I think he

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Speaker 1: wrote guns, Germs and Steel. He wrote this book Collapse,

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Speaker 1: How civilizations decide to choose or choose to succeed or fail,

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Speaker 1: And like even the wording in that title, like how

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Speaker 1: is a society chooses to fail? You know, it's really

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Speaker 1: judging in and of itself. So his he he definitely

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Speaker 1: you know fell There are a lot of um plays

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Speaker 1: on the word collapse and Jared Diamond collapsing as a result.

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Speaker 1: So now he goes in that geo and knocks on

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Speaker 1: the door and like everyone's like, light up, No, if

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Speaker 1: we turn it off, 'll see that, right. But Yeah,

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Speaker 1: the point is is that there is a a set

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Speaker 1: of fact related to Rappannui to Easter Island that when

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Speaker 1: you put together, form a mystery, a mystery that's basically

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Speaker 1: been around since the first Europeans set foot fann Easter

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Speaker 1: Island then came back and brought news of this place

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Speaker 1: to the rest of the world. People have puzzled over

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Speaker 1: what happened there, and Um the problem is, is the

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Speaker 1: oral traditions that came along or that that came from

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Speaker 1: Rapanui from Easter Island, Um came along in like the

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Speaker 1: eighteen eighties, a good hundred and fifty years after Europeans

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Speaker 1: came and christianized everybody, when the population had been down

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Speaker 1: to like a hundred people. And even today anthropologists and

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Speaker 1: archaeologists say like, we don't really trust the oral tradition

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Speaker 1: from Rapanui at all, Like it's not a they don't

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Speaker 1: it's not a trustworthy source of information, even like in

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Speaker 1: a folkloric way. We're saying, like the basics of it

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Speaker 1: might not even be correct. So they're having to go back,

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Speaker 1: which is very weird. That's a very unusual position to

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Speaker 1: be in UM, both for the people from the indigenous

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Speaker 1: culture and the people who are trying to figure out

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Speaker 1: what happened UM. But so the challenges to take what

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Speaker 1: we do know for a fact about Rapa Nui and

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Speaker 1: then interpret it correctly and not in a way that's

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Speaker 1: like this is it. This is the end all, be

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Speaker 1: all explanations, which seems to be this weird thing that

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Speaker 1: rapa Nui has over academics who should know better. They say,

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Speaker 1: this is it. And the part about Jared Diamond, the

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Speaker 1: reason he felt so hard is that his interpretation, or

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Speaker 1: the interpretation that he glomped onto and like popularized in

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Speaker 1: his book was really really judge, really judgey, really like

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Speaker 1: these people screwed up with their stupid faith and some

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Speaker 1: wacky tiki god and um and look what brought him.

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Speaker 1: And now we all need to learn the lesson because

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Speaker 1: we're going down the same road and that's just not

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Speaker 1: thought and you're not supposed to do that, all right,

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Speaker 1: So why don't we do it this way? We'll we'll

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Speaker 1: give you the story as has been theorized and popularized

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Speaker 1: for many years, and then we'll hold off till the

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Speaker 1: end for some new insights. They give away too much. No,

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Speaker 1: I don't think so just judge, I was judge? No,

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Speaker 1: okay uh. Just because you say the word judge doesn't

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Speaker 1: make you judge, is that right? I think? So? Okay uh?

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Speaker 1: And also just want to tease us. We have a

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Speaker 1: very special listener mail later too. How about that? Lots

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Speaker 1: of reasons to stick around, all right, so you keep

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Speaker 1: saying these words like Easter Island and Rapa Nui like

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Speaker 1: they're the same thing, because they are. Rapa Nui also

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Speaker 1: called East the Pasqua, which means Easter Island in Spanish. Right,

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Speaker 1: that's right, Easter Island. It's actually named, of course, when

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Speaker 1: it doesn't matter what your islands called. When the Dutch

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Speaker 1: or the British or the Spaniards would come a call

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Speaker 1: and they would say, oh no, no, no, here's what

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Speaker 1: we'll call. It doesn't matter what you say. So we'll

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Speaker 1: call it Easter Island. Because I'm a Dutch admiral name uh,

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Speaker 1: Jacob rogue Vine, And um, it's Easter when I landed

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Speaker 1: here in seventeen two, So what a great name. Obviously

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Speaker 1: it's Easter Island. Rogue Vine also gets credit for discovering

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Speaker 1: Easter Island. Um. Actually he was looking for an island

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Speaker 1: that was Easter Island that had been described by a

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Speaker 1: pirate named Edward Davis in seven Davis didn't come ashore,

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Speaker 1: but um, even rogue Vine was convinced that Easter Island

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Speaker 1: was the island that Davis had described. Did he say

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Speaker 1: they're large stone heads? No, he didn't. He didn't mention

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Speaker 1: the heads at all. Well, of course, weird Easter Island

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Speaker 1: is I'm sure everybody knows this, but we should say

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Speaker 1: right away that they are very well known and most

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Speaker 1: well known for their mo i m o ai. These

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Speaker 1: um beautiful, enormous carved stone statues, not just stone heads

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Speaker 1: and that whole boy, it's annoying the internet thing. It

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Speaker 1: still pops up like once a year when people like, look,

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Speaker 1: there were bodies too. It's not just heads. They've discovered

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Speaker 1: their bodies are buried underground, like they've known that since

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Speaker 1: like the early nineteen hundreds. But its this, it's this

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Speaker 1: weird look up snopes, like, it's this weird internet thing

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Speaker 1: where every couple of years, the same stinking article gets

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Speaker 1: shared the shows all these archaeologists like have dug down

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Speaker 1: and discovered their bodies beneath the earth, even though we've

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Speaker 1: known this forever. So anyway, these beautiful, beautiful statues, which

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Speaker 1: we're gonna talk about in greater detail, but let's talk

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Speaker 1: a little bit about the how the original island was,

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Speaker 1: uh well what it was like. They're who these people were,

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Speaker 1: the originally calling yeah, the Wapoos, which to the island

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Speaker 1: is Rappa Newi towards and the inhabitants of the island

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Speaker 1: are called the Rapa Nui clean simple, I love it, right,

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Speaker 1: So the rap and we they think we're probably a

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Speaker 1: single family. Um that was headed up by a guy

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Speaker 1: who was considered the first chief of the island um

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Speaker 1: His name was Hotu Matua or the great parent. Hold on.

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Speaker 1: You know what just occurred to me. Vagoda was the

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Speaker 1: leader of the Yeah, all right, God, was there a

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Speaker 1: better movie than that one. It's one of my faiths.

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Speaker 1: We've talked about it a lot. Yeah, it's Kevin reynolds masterpiece.

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Speaker 1: So Hotu Matua is originally the first chief of um

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Speaker 1: A Repnue, and he allegedly came with just his family.

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Speaker 1: They don't know exactly what they were doing out in

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Speaker 1: their canoes, but they had seaworthy canoes because they hailed

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Speaker 1: from Polynesia and they were great, great sailors, very experienced

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Speaker 1: and hardy at sea. Yes, so I mean and they

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Speaker 1: this would have been a longstanding edition trying out setting

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Speaker 1: out for new unknown islands because they believe that Polynesians

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Speaker 1: are descended from Southeast Asians who somewhere between thirty four

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Speaker 1: thousand years ago left Southeast Asia started moving eastward um

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Speaker 1: toward the western coast of South America in that general direction,

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Speaker 1: and would come across an island, stay there, popular populated,

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Speaker 1: move on to another one populated, And that's how Polynesia

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Speaker 1: got populated. Rapa Nui I believe is the easternmost island

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Speaker 1: in Polynesia. So they think that that was settled last. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: go to Google Earth if you're in front of your

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Speaker 1: computer and just type in Easter Island and then it'll

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Speaker 1: pop up this little triangular shaped island and uh then

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Speaker 1: just start zooming out and keep zooming out and you'll

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Speaker 1: see a lot of blue. And it's amazing to think

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Speaker 1: that people got there in a canoe. Yeah, yeah, because

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Speaker 1: it's like through eight thousand or thirty five hundred miles

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Speaker 1: from from Tahiti, right, Yeah, like miles from right but

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Speaker 1: Chile is not where they came from, so they would

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Speaker 1: have traveled by canoe. But that's the closest land that

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Speaker 1: right is still away. It's amazing, Yeah, our remote, but

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Speaker 1: they traveled like three thousand thirty miles in a canoe.

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Speaker 1: Unbelievable to get from one one island to another, and

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Speaker 1: probably less. I think there's probably islands between Tahiti and

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Speaker 1: Easter Island. But even still they traveled a very substantial distance.

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Speaker 1: And then they clearly were intending to either make it

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Speaker 1: to another island or to colonize Rapanui because they brought

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Speaker 1: with them supplies, right, they brought with them plants to plant,

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Speaker 1: like the Tarot route, which is like, I believe a

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Speaker 1: cousin of the sweet potato. It's like a purple sweet potato.

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Speaker 1: That is correct, uh, Nanners and Tarot and this whole

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Speaker 1: sweet potato thing too. Was there was somebody who put

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Speaker 1: out there that thor hired All, Yeah, maybe they came

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Speaker 1: from South America because that's that's where the sweet potato

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Speaker 1: comes from. And then other people have since said, no,

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Speaker 1: there's a lot of evidence that suggests us not true. Right, well, Thorie, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: thor hired All said, hey, they're sweet potatoes here. Sweet

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Speaker 1: potatoes are indigenous to South America, therefore they're from South America. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he didn't really put a lot of thought into that.

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Speaker 1: And well, he was an explorer, you know, that's what

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Speaker 1: he did. He explored. He built a raft contiki and

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Speaker 1: saled it himself from South America to Eastern Island back

258
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Speaker 1: in the fifties. I mean it was cool, but he

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Speaker 1: was a doer, a little more than a thinker. Right,

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Speaker 1: And I believe they've concluded that the sweet potato actually

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Speaker 1: originated in Southeast Asia, which just lends support even more. Um.

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Speaker 1: But yeah, so they came here, they settled this island,

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Speaker 1: they landed on. The shore it's tiny, it is. It's

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Speaker 1: about three times the size of Manhattan. Yeah, it's a

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Speaker 1: sixty four square miles. Like I said, it's triangular. And

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Speaker 1: it was created, like a lot of the islands, um

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Speaker 1: from volcanic eruptions, which also come to play with these statues,

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Speaker 1: as we will see. Yea and uh. When they landed,

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Speaker 1: his family said, well, we're family, but we better get

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Speaker 1: to populating the place. So here's some wine, here's some

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Speaker 1: taro root, let's get to it. Right. The island they

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Speaker 1: landed on, though, was potentially, they think, much different than

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Speaker 1: the island that we know today. Um, if you go

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Speaker 1: there today, it's it's you're gonna see some white sandy

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Speaker 1: beaches and not a lot of trees. Um. They believed

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Speaker 1: that there could have been as many a sixteen million

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Speaker 1: palm trees at first, just like rife with palm trees. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: like so many of the islands, like god damn with

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Speaker 1: the palm trees whenever another one grows. Yeah, And it

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Speaker 1: wasn't the most Uh, it wasn't the friendliest. I mean

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Speaker 1: I say friendly. It was friendly, but it wasn't hospitable. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's the word. There wasn't like just food everywhere, and

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Speaker 1: like tons of seafood. Like apparently the waters around there

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Speaker 1: are lower nutrients, so no coral reefs, and that means

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Speaker 1: not a lot of fish. So you had some lizards,

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Speaker 1: you had some molluski, had some insects, and there was

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Speaker 1: if you went fishing, you had to go deep sea fishing,

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Speaker 1: like away from the island. But again like get a dolphin,

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Speaker 1: right dolphin, that's um, which which they could do because

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Speaker 1: they had really great canoes. Um. But they they it

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Speaker 1: was it was, it was in ordeal. They had a

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Speaker 1: lot of vegetables basically, and a lot of those they planted, so, um,

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Speaker 1: they're living this way. This article says they settled about

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Speaker 1: four sea right um, which was what years ago I

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Speaker 1: saw elsewhere from are reliable sources. Most people think it

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Speaker 1: was about a thousand years ago instead of six hundred,

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Speaker 1: so about one thousand. See, they settled the island and

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Speaker 1: the population starts to grow pretty quickly. Apparently having six

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Speaker 1: toes was a fairly normal trait among Rapa Nui originally

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Speaker 1: because they might be in bread sure um and uh,

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Speaker 1: everything was going kind of honky dorry. They started they

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Speaker 1: started ostensibly slashing and burning trees to clear land for fields,

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Speaker 1: um and uh they made they made their way. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: They were very spiritual people. They believed in the idea

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Speaker 1: of mana, a sense of mana, which is uh, this

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Speaker 1: spiritual and political authority. And they uh they instilled this

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Speaker 1: through their arts, through cave drawings and through these statues

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Speaker 1: which still haven't really gotten to and through carvings, music, dance,

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Speaker 1: and it was it was a big deal. At meant

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Speaker 1: a lot to them, right. So they the Repanuians followed

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Speaker 1: the traditional Polynesian um structure of governance, which was there

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Speaker 1: was a different clans right um and then there was

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Speaker 1: one head chief, one tribal leader um that was in

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Speaker 1: charge of everybody, right basically like a vogoda. Who else

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Speaker 1: would you want? And the authority of that chief came

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Speaker 1: from de sease ancestors, other chiefs that had lived and

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Speaker 1: died and were now venerated as basically idol, supernatural idols

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Speaker 1: by the people who lived on the island. And this

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Speaker 1: power came through the came from these ancestors to the

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Speaker 1: living chiefs in the form of this manner the spiritual

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Speaker 1: power and one of the most um but one of

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Speaker 1: the most focused, laser focused ways Manna was emanated was

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Speaker 1: through the moai. That's a great place to take a break,

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Speaker 1: my friend. Hey, Chuck, Blue Apron is an amazing way

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00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:23,440
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00:20:24,000 --> 00:20:25,439
Speaker 1: and they're on a mission to bring it to as

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00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:27,720
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00:20:27,760 --> 00:20:30,600
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329
00:20:30,680 --> 00:20:33,159
Speaker 1: standards for ingredients, and building a community of home chefs.

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00:20:33,520 --> 00:20:37,720
Speaker 1: They have established partnerships with over one and fifty local farms, fisheries,

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00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:41,439
Speaker 1: and ranchers all across the United States. Yeah, and in

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00:20:41,480 --> 00:20:43,840
Speaker 1: addition to making some great meals, Chuck, you're gonna save

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00:20:43,920 --> 00:20:46,320
Speaker 1: some money. People who eat out a lot or buy

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00:20:46,359 --> 00:20:48,880
Speaker 1: at high end grocery chains can now spend under ten

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00:20:48,920 --> 00:20:52,000
Speaker 1: dollars in person for a delicious meal cooked right there

336
00:20:52,040 --> 00:20:53,679
Speaker 1: at home with a little bit of love throwing in,

337
00:20:53,880 --> 00:20:57,560
Speaker 1: that's right, and talk about love baby, the baked whole wheat, riggatony,

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00:20:57,720 --> 00:21:01,280
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339
00:21:01,440 --> 00:21:04,520
Speaker 1: de lish and d chucking. Right now, Blue Apron is

340
00:21:04,600 --> 00:21:07,119
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341
00:21:07,160 --> 00:21:09,840
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342
00:21:09,880 --> 00:21:13,040
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00:21:13,080 --> 00:21:16,160
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344
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345
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346
00:21:22,280 --> 00:21:25,600
Speaker 1: com slash s t U f F blue Apron a

347
00:21:25,600 --> 00:21:42,600
Speaker 1: better way to cook? All right? These mo i, which

348
00:21:43,200 --> 00:21:46,480
Speaker 1: you refer to as heads because you believe that internet

349
00:21:46,520 --> 00:21:49,440
Speaker 1: mean well, it's not so much that it's a lot

350
00:21:49,480 --> 00:21:54,000
Speaker 1: ahead to the body. Yes, proportionately speaking, it's almost all ahead,

351
00:21:54,200 --> 00:21:56,399
Speaker 1: that's right. Which some people think that one of the

352
00:21:56,440 --> 00:22:00,000
Speaker 1: reasons is because they were meant to be a fallast. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and of course that's taken as literal fact by the

354
00:22:02,600 --> 00:22:06,200
Speaker 1: how stuff Works article. That's right. All right, So um,

355
00:22:06,359 --> 00:22:09,960
Speaker 1: these uh moai, these beautiful statues that it's not something

356
00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:11,960
Speaker 1: that you will only find on Easter Island. If you

357
00:22:11,960 --> 00:22:16,080
Speaker 1: go to Hawaii or Tahiti, you will see similar type things. Uh.

358
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Speaker 1: And this was, like you said, this was like the

359
00:22:17,760 --> 00:22:21,240
Speaker 1: purest expression of that mana and how they felt about

360
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Speaker 1: their ancestors. I think that what they how they understood

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Speaker 1: it was that the man of this divine energy or

362
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Speaker 1: divine power literally transmitted through the um. Moi man, I'm

363
00:22:35,080 --> 00:22:37,760
Speaker 1: gonna have trouble with that the whole time. So it's

364
00:22:37,760 --> 00:22:42,000
Speaker 1: a lot of vowels together. Moi, it is m a

365
00:22:42,119 --> 00:22:44,840
Speaker 1: O m o ai. I think that's a mistake you're making.

366
00:22:44,880 --> 00:22:51,320
Speaker 1: You're thinking a moi, you're thinking maori. Right? Maybe not? Yes,

367
00:22:51,440 --> 00:22:55,639
Speaker 1: you're exactly correct. And um. So these things were built.

368
00:22:55,920 --> 00:23:01,040
Speaker 1: There's a volcano. They're called Reino Ra Roku and uh.

369
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Speaker 1: In the pits of this volcano they have this volcanic ash,

370
00:23:05,359 --> 00:23:08,400
Speaker 1: this rock that's very lightweight. Even though these things still

371
00:23:08,400 --> 00:23:10,359
Speaker 1: weigh a lot, doesn't weigh as much as you know,

372
00:23:10,400 --> 00:23:13,760
Speaker 1: like granite would let's say lightweight rock. It's very porous,

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Speaker 1: it's malleable, it's very hard, and it's originally it's tinted

374
00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:22,919
Speaker 1: in like orange and ochre and um. At first, they

375
00:23:22,960 --> 00:23:26,760
Speaker 1: would start around you know, twelve a D or what

376
00:23:26,800 --> 00:23:31,200
Speaker 1: do you say now? But even that is um kind

377
00:23:31,240 --> 00:23:35,560
Speaker 1: of a nod to that whole thing. Uh. Instead, I

378
00:23:35,600 --> 00:23:39,320
Speaker 1: think in scientists just say years ago okay, oh I

379
00:23:39,400 --> 00:23:41,600
Speaker 1: like that, so they'd be like eight hundred years ago

380
00:23:42,560 --> 00:23:47,640
Speaker 1: that's clean, or or they say X years before present,

381
00:23:47,840 --> 00:23:51,840
Speaker 1: so y bp okay, that's not as clean, but I

382
00:23:51,880 --> 00:23:54,880
Speaker 1: still like it. Yeah, um I'm done with hye bp

383
00:23:56,240 --> 00:24:00,479
Speaker 1: yeah you know me so um terrible. Uh. They started

384
00:24:00,480 --> 00:24:03,119
Speaker 1: off kind of small. They were not as big as

385
00:24:03,160 --> 00:24:05,560
Speaker 1: they would eventually get because they were just kind of

386
00:24:05,640 --> 00:24:09,840
Speaker 1: learning and teaching themselves how to do this. Uh. They

387
00:24:09,880 --> 00:24:11,960
Speaker 1: were they were still large though, but um, they weren't

388
00:24:11,960 --> 00:24:14,360
Speaker 1: as large as like later on they would find something

389
00:24:14,359 --> 00:24:16,919
Speaker 1: that they couldn't even move and we'll get to this,

390
00:24:16,960 --> 00:24:19,600
Speaker 1: but they would eventually move these things. But like L

391
00:24:19,720 --> 00:24:22,600
Speaker 1: Gigante was the largest one they found, and that was

392
00:24:22,880 --> 00:24:25,720
Speaker 1: like almost seventy two ft tall. Yeah. Um, I think

393
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Speaker 1: up to a hundred and sixty five tons is how

394
00:24:29,600 --> 00:24:32,560
Speaker 1: much they estimate L Gigante ways yeah, but the the

395
00:24:32,560 --> 00:24:35,040
Speaker 1: initial ones that they started with were much much smaller,

396
00:24:35,520 --> 00:24:37,600
Speaker 1: and so like let's go with ten feet or so

397
00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:41,080
Speaker 1: and five or six tons Yeah, even that's still nothing

398
00:24:41,119 --> 00:24:45,000
Speaker 1: to sneeze at though, you know, correct, um, no matter

399
00:24:45,040 --> 00:24:51,840
Speaker 1: how big your head is. So um l L gigante

400
00:24:51,880 --> 00:24:54,840
Speaker 1: specifically though, it is representative of I think one of

401
00:24:54,840 --> 00:25:00,880
Speaker 1: the late um the late moi be because it's still there.

402
00:25:00,880 --> 00:25:03,080
Speaker 1: It's still left in its volcanic kit. It was never

403
00:25:03,119 --> 00:25:07,800
Speaker 1: even excavated. Fully. Yeah, it's just laying there, I think,

404
00:25:08,359 --> 00:25:11,760
Speaker 1: um horizontally to the ground. Because you know that, like

405
00:25:11,800 --> 00:25:14,119
Speaker 1: they would go in and be like, this area is

406
00:25:14,160 --> 00:25:16,480
Speaker 1: going to be the moi, and they would carve it out.

407
00:25:16,560 --> 00:25:18,800
Speaker 1: They carve out the outline of it, and then they'd

408
00:25:18,840 --> 00:25:22,040
Speaker 1: start carving down around it and start carving out the features,

409
00:25:22,320 --> 00:25:25,920
Speaker 1: carve out beneath it um or if it was standing up,

410
00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:27,720
Speaker 1: they would carve out around it and then just leave

411
00:25:27,760 --> 00:25:31,320
Speaker 1: a little pedestal yeah, called the keel. Uh. This article

412
00:25:31,359 --> 00:25:34,320
Speaker 1: says it was flat, but as we'll see later, that

413
00:25:34,600 --> 00:25:37,040
Speaker 1: may or may not be true. And then they would

414
00:25:37,520 --> 00:25:41,280
Speaker 1: separate it from its keel and then bring it down

415
00:25:41,680 --> 00:25:45,720
Speaker 1: the mountains somehow, maybe rope something like that to their aho,

416
00:25:45,760 --> 00:25:48,280
Speaker 1: which would be the platform on which the mo i

417
00:25:48,320 --> 00:25:50,800
Speaker 1: would eventually stand, and they would line them up on

418
00:25:50,840 --> 00:25:54,520
Speaker 1: the island's perimeter facing in into the island, not out

419
00:25:54,560 --> 00:25:57,000
Speaker 1: to the sea. Yeah, which it says here, possibly they

420
00:25:57,000 --> 00:26:01,359
Speaker 1: were you know, guarding, watchfully guarding the islands. I would

421
00:26:01,359 --> 00:26:03,240
Speaker 1: think that they would be looking out towards the sea

422
00:26:03,240 --> 00:26:06,480
Speaker 1: if that were the case. I don't know who knows, um,

423
00:26:06,520 --> 00:26:09,840
Speaker 1: But yeah, that that point though, where they were brought

424
00:26:09,880 --> 00:26:12,760
Speaker 1: down the mountain and brought to their ahu. I mean,

425
00:26:12,800 --> 00:26:16,040
Speaker 1: like this this island was again it's three times the

426
00:26:16,080 --> 00:26:20,280
Speaker 1: size of Manhattan. That was not a just a quick

427
00:26:20,320 --> 00:26:24,200
Speaker 1: thing necessarily. And that's actually like a huge mystery. How

428
00:26:24,240 --> 00:26:26,879
Speaker 1: did they get these things that? Again some like the

429
00:26:26,960 --> 00:26:31,119
Speaker 1: small ones weighed six tons um. Big ones weighed you know,

430
00:26:31,359 --> 00:26:34,880
Speaker 1: scores of tons. How many How did they get these

431
00:26:34,920 --> 00:26:40,520
Speaker 1: things from one place to another? Um, especially considering that

432
00:26:40,640 --> 00:26:42,960
Speaker 1: all they had were palm trees. Palm trees are not

433
00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:46,600
Speaker 1: the sturdiest trees on the on the planet, and the

434
00:26:46,720 --> 00:26:50,080
Speaker 1: kind of rope you can make from like palm is

435
00:26:50,119 --> 00:26:53,840
Speaker 1: not the strongest rope. So um, it's been a longstanding

436
00:26:53,920 --> 00:26:57,400
Speaker 1: mystery of how they did this. Yeah, And here's one

437
00:26:57,800 --> 00:27:00,800
Speaker 1: prevailing theory that from many years and a lot of

438
00:27:00,800 --> 00:27:03,080
Speaker 1: people still believe this is how they moved them. Was

439
00:27:03,119 --> 00:27:06,280
Speaker 1: that they would finish the statue. Uh, like we said,

440
00:27:06,280 --> 00:27:08,919
Speaker 1: cut it from the keel, uh, lower it down with

441
00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:12,280
Speaker 1: ropes from the area in the volcano, and then uh

442
00:27:12,400 --> 00:27:16,439
Speaker 1: put it on these palm logs and use those as

443
00:27:17,080 --> 00:27:21,960
Speaker 1: like a conveyor system, essentially rolling these things along very

444
00:27:22,000 --> 00:27:25,359
Speaker 1: slowly over great distances, even though, like you said, to

445
00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:27,760
Speaker 1: small island, to the whole one of these things was

446
00:27:27,800 --> 00:27:30,639
Speaker 1: no easy task. Right. So that's the prevailing theory, and

447
00:27:30,680 --> 00:27:35,000
Speaker 1: it's actually been tested um more than once. Um an

448
00:27:35,080 --> 00:27:39,240
Speaker 1: archaeologist named Joe and von Tilburg who um said, you

449
00:27:39,280 --> 00:27:41,480
Speaker 1: know what if you took one of these things and

450
00:27:41,520 --> 00:27:44,560
Speaker 1: you laid it on its back on top of some logs,

451
00:27:44,600 --> 00:27:47,680
Speaker 1: like basically make a sled out of logs facing say

452
00:27:47,720 --> 00:27:51,240
Speaker 1: in north south direction, uh, and then you roll them

453
00:27:51,280 --> 00:27:56,400
Speaker 1: over logs that are in east west alignment right perpendicular

454
00:27:56,440 --> 00:27:59,399
Speaker 1: to it. That that could probably work. And they tested

455
00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:02,439
Speaker 1: out her theory and apparently it took twelve people to

456
00:28:02,600 --> 00:28:06,679
Speaker 1: move like a six or eight ton uh MOI a

457
00:28:06,760 --> 00:28:10,919
Speaker 1: hundred and fifty feet took him two minutes. Yeah, so

458
00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:13,520
Speaker 1: that is a theory. Um. There's this other guy that

459
00:28:13,600 --> 00:28:15,479
Speaker 1: we're going to talk about a little bit later who

460
00:28:15,520 --> 00:28:19,960
Speaker 1: has some theories that just smack diamond right in the face.

461
00:28:21,160 --> 00:28:24,119
Speaker 1: His name is Carl LiPo or Lippo l I p

462
00:28:24,280 --> 00:28:30,880
Speaker 1: O of a cal State Long Beach. Um, go bananas lugs. No, No,

463
00:28:31,200 --> 00:28:36,600
Speaker 1: that's San Jose State, right, cal State Long Beach, the Longshoreman.

464
00:28:37,680 --> 00:28:41,560
Speaker 1: We're gonna hear from them, the cal State Long Beach

465
00:28:41,600 --> 00:28:45,440
Speaker 1: Port Authority. I like that. Uh so Terry Hunt of

466
00:28:45,480 --> 00:28:49,720
Speaker 1: the University of Hawaii. No, well we're yeah, yeah, Carl

467
00:28:49,760 --> 00:28:53,800
Speaker 1: Lippo and Terry Hunt, right, yeah, these two dudes, um

468
00:28:53,880 --> 00:28:55,560
Speaker 1: who have their own theories about the other stuff. Like

469
00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:58,960
Speaker 1: I said, but they said and tested, they said, you

470
00:28:58,960 --> 00:29:02,200
Speaker 1: know what, these things they had broader shoulder I'm sorry,

471
00:29:02,440 --> 00:29:06,160
Speaker 1: broader bases than shoulders, and it wasn't exactly flat on

472
00:29:06,200 --> 00:29:10,080
Speaker 1: the bottom. You could actually walk these dudes. Stand them upright,

473
00:29:10,720 --> 00:29:14,120
Speaker 1: get three ropes, get people on the side on each

474
00:29:14,160 --> 00:29:16,520
Speaker 1: side of this, and one person in the back holding

475
00:29:16,560 --> 00:29:19,200
Speaker 1: it up and just kind of rock it back and

476
00:29:19,200 --> 00:29:22,560
Speaker 1: forth and it sort of waddles forward. It's amazing to see.

477
00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:25,800
Speaker 1: There's this really cool there's a National Geographic video on

478
00:29:25,840 --> 00:29:29,160
Speaker 1: YouTube that um shows all these different ways that they

479
00:29:29,160 --> 00:29:32,920
Speaker 1: were tried, all these different theories tried out done with

480
00:29:33,280 --> 00:29:36,360
Speaker 1: the anima action figures or something. Yeah, well you can

481
00:29:36,360 --> 00:29:38,520
Speaker 1: see the real thing too. Right at the end, they

482
00:29:38,560 --> 00:29:41,040
Speaker 1: show these guys trying out the real thing. And this

483
00:29:41,120 --> 00:29:44,520
Speaker 1: thing is like walking down the road. It's really neat um.

484
00:29:44,560 --> 00:29:47,520
Speaker 1: And it actually jibes with the Rapa Nui oral tradition

485
00:29:47,680 --> 00:29:52,360
Speaker 1: that the the moai walked to their aho their pedestals. Yeah,

486
00:29:52,360 --> 00:29:55,200
Speaker 1: they actually said we tied rope and walked them. Well,

487
00:29:55,240 --> 00:29:58,840
Speaker 1: supposedly they whoever had a lot of manna, was in

488
00:29:58,960 --> 00:30:01,800
Speaker 1: charge of making these things walk, and they did it

489
00:30:01,840 --> 00:30:05,080
Speaker 1: with their manna. But that the idea that you could

490
00:30:05,200 --> 00:30:07,720
Speaker 1: make these things walk with some rope and the I

491
00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:11,280
Speaker 1: and and tying into you know, the oral tradition that

492
00:30:11,280 --> 00:30:14,120
Speaker 1: they walked him, that's pretty fascinating, agreed. Uh. And in

493
00:30:14,200 --> 00:30:18,320
Speaker 1: their real tests they only used eighteen people, so that

494
00:30:18,440 --> 00:30:20,959
Speaker 1: ties in with their theories about how many people lived there,

495
00:30:20,960 --> 00:30:24,280
Speaker 1: which we'll get too later. But a few ropes eighteen

496
00:30:24,320 --> 00:30:27,760
Speaker 1: people and they maneuver to ten foot five time replica

497
00:30:28,200 --> 00:30:31,880
Speaker 1: a few hundred yards. Uh. People poo poo this and say,

498
00:30:31,960 --> 00:30:35,160
Speaker 1: you know what, not all these bases were larger than

499
00:30:35,200 --> 00:30:38,080
Speaker 1: the shoulders first of all, and second of all, you

500
00:30:38,160 --> 00:30:42,760
Speaker 1: basically carved a runway to do this, and it wasn't

501
00:30:42,800 --> 00:30:44,720
Speaker 1: like that for them. They were taking this over terrain.

502
00:30:45,160 --> 00:30:47,400
Speaker 1: There's no way you could have walked these dudes, let's see.

503
00:30:48,160 --> 00:30:50,800
Speaker 1: But maybe they did both, you know, well, there's there's

504
00:30:50,880 --> 00:30:55,440
Speaker 1: plenty of other theories this. Um. This Czechoslaw Slovakian engineer

505
00:30:55,520 --> 00:30:59,040
Speaker 1: named Pavel Pavel great name, right, Yes, the magicians so

506
00:30:59,120 --> 00:31:02,680
Speaker 1: nice you had to right he said that, um, and

507
00:31:02,760 --> 00:31:05,160
Speaker 1: the same magician because I assume he's gonna say magic,

508
00:31:06,440 --> 00:31:10,080
Speaker 1: yeah right, I don't think so. No, No, that's Eric

509
00:31:10,160 --> 00:31:13,800
Speaker 1: van Dakin who said that it was UFOs that did it. Um. No,

510
00:31:13,960 --> 00:31:16,600
Speaker 1: Pavel Pavlo said it was kind of like it was

511
00:31:16,640 --> 00:31:20,160
Speaker 1: similar to that walking thing, but rather than the thing

512
00:31:20,200 --> 00:31:23,240
Speaker 1: actually like kind of wobbling down the road, he uh

513
00:31:23,280 --> 00:31:28,520
Speaker 1: postulated a um, a twisting motion. Right, so it's it's

514
00:31:28,600 --> 00:31:31,000
Speaker 1: kind of like walking, but no part of the base

515
00:31:31,040 --> 00:31:34,160
Speaker 1: actually leaves the ground, just like one part twist four

516
00:31:34,240 --> 00:31:36,360
Speaker 1: and then you twist the other side forward and it

517
00:31:36,440 --> 00:31:40,240
Speaker 1: slowly makes its way forward kind of the same. Um.

518
00:31:40,320 --> 00:31:42,920
Speaker 1: And then there's a big debate over okay, if you

519
00:31:42,960 --> 00:31:45,240
Speaker 1: had him on a sled that was rolling over logs.

520
00:31:45,280 --> 00:31:48,040
Speaker 1: Were they standing up or were they laying down? Um.

521
00:31:48,440 --> 00:31:52,360
Speaker 1: The key thing to remember whenever you're talking about, or

522
00:31:52,440 --> 00:31:56,080
Speaker 1: hearing somebody else more importantly talk about Rapa Nui is

523
00:31:56,120 --> 00:31:59,560
Speaker 1: that no one knows for certain anything. No, but they're

524
00:31:59,600 --> 00:32:06,160
Speaker 1: making their that's not assumptions, but they're theories, hypotheses at

525
00:32:06,240 --> 00:32:11,000
Speaker 1: bestes at best, and and they're they're all their interpretations

526
00:32:11,040 --> 00:32:13,640
Speaker 1: of the few facts that we do know. Right And

527
00:32:13,640 --> 00:32:16,120
Speaker 1: and one of the one of the things that has

528
00:32:16,160 --> 00:32:20,520
Speaker 1: long been debated to is um the idea of the

529
00:32:20,600 --> 00:32:24,000
Speaker 1: population collapse that must have happened on Rapa Nui. Right.

530
00:32:24,600 --> 00:32:30,400
Speaker 1: So when Admiral rogue Vine showed up, uh he he

531
00:32:30,400 --> 00:32:34,560
Speaker 1: he was the first European to see the um the

532
00:32:34,560 --> 00:32:38,400
Speaker 1: moi in person, and he's like, these things are amazing,

533
00:32:38,440 --> 00:32:41,600
Speaker 1: they're huge. But I estimate there's something like maybe three

534
00:32:41,680 --> 00:32:44,760
Speaker 1: thousand people living on this island. So something must have

535
00:32:44,840 --> 00:32:47,560
Speaker 1: led to this population declined, because it would have taken

536
00:32:47,600 --> 00:32:51,680
Speaker 1: ten thousand or twenty thousand people to build and construct

537
00:32:51,760 --> 00:32:55,680
Speaker 1: and move these things down the volcano, construct their ahu,

538
00:32:55,800 --> 00:33:00,320
Speaker 1: their pedestals and get them up there. Um. So what

539
00:33:00,480 --> 00:33:05,320
Speaker 1: happened to the Rapa Nui and it from the moment

540
00:33:05,360 --> 00:33:08,080
Speaker 1: he got back to Europe and shared this story about

541
00:33:08,120 --> 00:33:13,320
Speaker 1: Easter Island. This mystery has plagued archaeology in the West.

542
00:33:13,760 --> 00:33:18,640
Speaker 1: What led to this population decline among the Rapa Nui?

543
00:33:18,840 --> 00:33:21,360
Speaker 1: What happened on Easter Island. It's one of the great

544
00:33:21,400 --> 00:33:24,480
Speaker 1: mysteries of archaeology. All right, buddy, we let's take a

545
00:33:24,520 --> 00:33:26,520
Speaker 1: final break here and we will come back and talk

546
00:33:26,560 --> 00:33:51,280
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547
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564
00:34:48,040 --> 00:35:07,400
Speaker 1: squares Space. So chuckers were back, um and again just

565
00:35:07,480 --> 00:35:12,000
Speaker 1: to go over Jacob Rogevine admiral landed on the island.

566
00:35:12,120 --> 00:35:14,120
Speaker 1: By the way. First thing he did was killed twelve

567
00:35:14,160 --> 00:35:19,520
Speaker 1: Repnuians who apparently, no, I didn't see anywhere we're posing

568
00:35:19,560 --> 00:35:22,200
Speaker 1: any threat whatsoever. Well, that's what you do to say

569
00:35:22,920 --> 00:35:26,359
Speaker 1: we mean business. And I'm sure they were thinking could

570
00:35:26,360 --> 00:35:28,000
Speaker 1: have killed a couple of us, And we get the picture,

571
00:35:28,400 --> 00:35:31,319
Speaker 1: even one that would have done it one and then

572
00:35:31,400 --> 00:35:33,839
Speaker 1: make eye contact for an extended period of time does

573
00:35:33,880 --> 00:35:35,799
Speaker 1: the same thing as killing a dozen people, or just

574
00:35:35,840 --> 00:35:39,640
Speaker 1: fire your boomstick in the air. Um. So rogue Vine

575
00:35:39,840 --> 00:35:42,319
Speaker 1: shows up and it's like something really bad happened here.

576
00:35:42,600 --> 00:35:47,560
Speaker 1: The people have built I think it's something like almost

577
00:35:47,680 --> 00:35:52,239
Speaker 1: nine hundred moai on the island, um, but only a

578
00:35:52,239 --> 00:35:54,759
Speaker 1: couple of hundred are on there. A who and we

579
00:35:54,760 --> 00:35:57,640
Speaker 1: didn't say they're a who. Um. Actually, these platforms, according

580
00:35:57,680 --> 00:36:04,240
Speaker 1: to revenue tradition, were burial grounds, the burial the tombs

581
00:36:04,320 --> 00:36:10,480
Speaker 1: for the um chiefs that the Moai represent, so very

582
00:36:10,560 --> 00:36:13,160
Speaker 1: much the same way. It's very much the same way

583
00:36:13,320 --> 00:36:19,520
Speaker 1: that like the Egyptians UM built uh statues or edifices

584
00:36:19,840 --> 00:36:22,600
Speaker 1: that were likenesses of the person who was buried there.

585
00:36:23,200 --> 00:36:28,080
Speaker 1: This is basically the same thing. Yeah, their ancestors. Uh wow,

586
00:36:28,200 --> 00:36:32,080
Speaker 1: let's said Rice, you did said it right right? So

587
00:36:32,160 --> 00:36:34,320
Speaker 1: he so he shows up and he's like, there's hundreds

588
00:36:34,360 --> 00:36:36,759
Speaker 1: of these things. A lot of them are abandoned en

589
00:36:36,880 --> 00:36:40,239
Speaker 1: route from the mountain down to the Ahu. Some of

590
00:36:40,239 --> 00:36:42,840
Speaker 1: them are left in the pit um. This place doesn't

591
00:36:42,840 --> 00:36:46,479
Speaker 1: have any trees and there's only three thousand people living here.

592
00:36:46,880 --> 00:36:51,560
Speaker 1: Something really bad took place, and everyone wants to know what. Yeah,

593
00:36:51,600 --> 00:36:54,520
Speaker 1: so that's um. Like we said, Jared Diamond did not

594
00:36:54,680 --> 00:36:58,319
Speaker 1: invent this, but the theory that he popularized in two

595
00:36:58,360 --> 00:37:03,600
Speaker 1: thousand five was that what they did was they basically

596
00:37:03,840 --> 00:37:09,880
Speaker 1: decimated the island's resources because they used all these palm trees.

597
00:37:10,440 --> 00:37:14,160
Speaker 1: They burned them down, they cleared pass they built huts,

598
00:37:14,280 --> 00:37:17,480
Speaker 1: they built canoes, they used them to roll the the

599
00:37:17,640 --> 00:37:20,120
Speaker 1: moi with. Yeah, so they basically took away and didn't

600
00:37:20,160 --> 00:37:23,400
Speaker 1: understand what the outcome of this would be. So they

601
00:37:23,440 --> 00:37:26,560
Speaker 1: took all these trees out, made these pathways, and then

602
00:37:26,960 --> 00:37:30,040
Speaker 1: what happened was the there were no roots to keep

603
00:37:30,040 --> 00:37:32,759
Speaker 1: and we I think the we do want on erosion

604
00:37:32,880 --> 00:37:36,920
Speaker 1: or yeah, so if you don't have tree roots, just

605
00:37:37,000 --> 00:37:39,120
Speaker 1: the rain is just gonna wash away all the top soil,

606
00:37:39,640 --> 00:37:41,279
Speaker 1: the land's gonna erode. You're not gonna be able to

607
00:37:41,320 --> 00:37:44,280
Speaker 1: plant anything. And they were relying because, like we said earlier,

608
00:37:44,280 --> 00:37:46,319
Speaker 1: they didn't have like tons and tons of fish and

609
00:37:46,320 --> 00:37:49,319
Speaker 1: food everywhere, so they were relying on the vegetation for

610
00:37:49,360 --> 00:37:52,839
Speaker 1: their food food source, plus the few animals that they

611
00:37:52,840 --> 00:37:57,359
Speaker 1: did rely on, like uh, lizards, birds. When they cut

612
00:37:57,360 --> 00:38:01,799
Speaker 1: down the trees, they were um ruining the those animals habitats,

613
00:38:02,120 --> 00:38:04,440
Speaker 1: so they affected their food supply and that they stripped

614
00:38:04,440 --> 00:38:07,400
Speaker 1: the land and couldn't grow crops. But they also got

615
00:38:07,560 --> 00:38:10,080
Speaker 1: rid of the birds and the lizards that we're living

616
00:38:10,080 --> 00:38:12,799
Speaker 1: on the island as well. That's right. So the populations

617
00:38:12,800 --> 00:38:17,719
Speaker 1: declining because of essentially starvation, people then begin to turn

618
00:38:17,760 --> 00:38:21,560
Speaker 1: on one another. The head chief they split into a

619
00:38:21,560 --> 00:38:24,800
Speaker 1: couple of different factions. Uh, I don't think a couple

620
00:38:24,920 --> 00:38:29,200
Speaker 1: like several factions and then started fighting each other for

621
00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:32,120
Speaker 1: the small bits of land that we're still fertile. Right. Yeah,

622
00:38:32,160 --> 00:38:35,680
Speaker 1: the the chief definitely lost control of the island, um,

623
00:38:35,760 --> 00:38:39,399
Speaker 1: and apparently warfare broke out, which is evidenced by these

624
00:38:39,440 --> 00:38:43,359
Speaker 1: things called matta supposedly evidenced. Right. So these are like

625
00:38:43,760 --> 00:38:47,640
Speaker 1: very very sharp obsidian spears that Rogue Vine even mentions

626
00:38:47,680 --> 00:38:54,359
Speaker 1: in his chronicle, um, that are supposedly implements of war.

627
00:38:54,400 --> 00:38:58,880
Speaker 1: And if you scour Rapanui, you're gonna find these things everywhere.

628
00:38:58,920 --> 00:39:01,799
Speaker 1: So but not the very sharp there's. Right. So there's

629
00:39:01,840 --> 00:39:06,280
Speaker 1: evidence of like these spear like implements all over the island,

630
00:39:06,480 --> 00:39:09,839
Speaker 1: which further suggests that there was a lot of warfare there.

631
00:39:10,320 --> 00:39:14,799
Speaker 1: And then um also this motif pops up, this birdman motif. Yeah,

632
00:39:14,880 --> 00:39:17,680
Speaker 1: I love this. So a birdman cult popped up in

633
00:39:17,760 --> 00:39:21,720
Speaker 1: the power vacuum that formed when the chief lost control

634
00:39:21,760 --> 00:39:25,160
Speaker 1: in the face of this ecological crisis, and the birdman

635
00:39:25,280 --> 00:39:32,040
Speaker 1: cult actually um created like a parallel government government I

636
00:39:32,120 --> 00:39:37,600
Speaker 1: guess based on this uh this god Makimaki. Yeah, so

637
00:39:37,640 --> 00:39:42,680
Speaker 1: there's a power vacuum. Birdman cult forms because they need to,

638
00:39:42,880 --> 00:39:46,560
Speaker 1: you know, feel the leadership void. Uh. There was an

639
00:39:46,600 --> 00:39:48,719
Speaker 1: idea that if the first person it was basically a

640
00:39:48,760 --> 00:39:52,640
Speaker 1: contest um, whoever finds the first egg of this turn

641
00:39:53,520 --> 00:39:58,840
Speaker 1: um of the year, gets to be the birdman, the

642
00:39:59,200 --> 00:40:02,600
Speaker 1: leader of the bird men. Right, And so they would

643
00:40:02,640 --> 00:40:05,920
Speaker 1: go scrounging around, climbing up the volcanoes in the in

644
00:40:05,960 --> 00:40:08,719
Speaker 1: the mountainous areas. So okay that this article says that

645
00:40:08,840 --> 00:40:11,000
Speaker 1: I saw elsewhere that they went down the cliff, swam

646
00:40:11,040 --> 00:40:15,359
Speaker 1: to it offshore island and rated some turn nests. Yeah,

647
00:40:15,760 --> 00:40:18,800
Speaker 1: well they're way egg. Yeah, they're looking for the Sudi

648
00:40:18,880 --> 00:40:22,920
Speaker 1: Turn Egg. It's a great band name. Yeah, that's not bad.

649
00:40:23,040 --> 00:40:25,759
Speaker 1: Or maybe Birdman Cult. That's a good one with the

650
00:40:25,800 --> 00:40:29,399
Speaker 1: album title Sudi Turn You know the cult, the band

651
00:40:29,440 --> 00:40:33,120
Speaker 1: the Cult, they were originally called Southern Death Cult. Yeah,

652
00:40:33,200 --> 00:40:36,799
Speaker 1: that's true. Uh so whoever, like I said, found this

653
00:40:36,960 --> 00:40:41,279
Speaker 1: would be the the leader of the cult. Yeah. And um,

654
00:40:41,640 --> 00:40:46,920
Speaker 1: second prize said a steake knives. Third prize, you're fired. Actually,

655
00:40:46,960 --> 00:40:50,520
Speaker 1: second prize was you would stab yourself with a spear supposedly.

656
00:40:50,760 --> 00:40:53,759
Speaker 1: Supposedly again, not a lot of evidence to suggest, no,

657
00:40:53,880 --> 00:40:56,240
Speaker 1: but this how stuff works article takes it as fact.

658
00:40:56,520 --> 00:40:58,919
Speaker 1: That's right, and it sounds like something like a six

659
00:40:59,000 --> 00:41:01,359
Speaker 1: year old telling the story you through into and if

660
00:41:01,400 --> 00:41:03,560
Speaker 1: you if you didn't find the first day, you had

661
00:41:03,600 --> 00:41:07,080
Speaker 1: to stab yourself with your own spear. So the Birdman

662
00:41:07,160 --> 00:41:11,120
Speaker 1: cult supposedly in this prevailing theory and I don't even

663
00:41:11,120 --> 00:41:13,480
Speaker 1: know if I can say prevailing anymore. And this one

664
00:41:13,520 --> 00:41:17,080
Speaker 1: theory put forward was um, they were responsible for building

665
00:41:17,120 --> 00:41:21,880
Speaker 1: back up the population and the culture of Easter Island. Uh.

666
00:41:21,920 --> 00:41:25,160
Speaker 1: They started seeing all these cave drawings of birds and things,

667
00:41:25,520 --> 00:41:28,800
Speaker 1: which kind of makes sense, and life on Easter Island

668
00:41:28,840 --> 00:41:32,800
Speaker 1: was starting to pick back up again supposedly when the

669
00:41:32,880 --> 00:41:35,479
Speaker 1: Dutch came in seventeen twenty two. Yeah, so all of this,

670
00:41:35,480 --> 00:41:41,440
Speaker 1: this this collapse um that led to famine and warfare

671
00:41:41,600 --> 00:41:47,240
Speaker 1: and cannibalism supposedly supposedly, um, all took place right before

672
00:41:47,760 --> 00:41:52,799
Speaker 1: the Europeans showed up. Um. And then as the Europeans

673
00:41:52,920 --> 00:41:56,000
Speaker 1: came first, it was the Dutch in seventeen twenty two,

674
00:41:56,239 --> 00:41:59,879
Speaker 1: the Spanish showed up in seventeen seventy two, Captain Cook

675
00:42:00,239 --> 00:42:03,480
Speaker 1: James Cook. Uh, he showed up in seventeen seventy four.

676
00:42:03,840 --> 00:42:08,919
Speaker 1: And as when when James Cook showed up, um. After that,

677
00:42:09,000 --> 00:42:12,120
Speaker 1: the missionaries started to come I think the Spanish actually

678
00:42:12,160 --> 00:42:16,520
Speaker 1: annexed Easter Island. Yeah, in a very sneaky way. They said, oh,

679
00:42:16,840 --> 00:42:19,680
Speaker 1: look at this, this is a writing tool, and this

680
00:42:19,719 --> 00:42:23,000
Speaker 1: is something you can write on. You should practice by

681
00:42:23,400 --> 00:42:26,279
Speaker 1: just doing whatever you can do with this right here

682
00:42:26,280 --> 00:42:29,279
Speaker 1: on this dotted line. And they said, oh, well, thank you.

683
00:42:29,280 --> 00:42:30,880
Speaker 1: You just signed over the rights of the island to

684
00:42:30,920 --> 00:42:35,120
Speaker 1: the Spanish. Right yeah, this scribble that you just put

685
00:42:35,120 --> 00:42:37,600
Speaker 1: down that works for us. And I think in the

686
00:42:37,760 --> 00:42:42,600
Speaker 1: eighteen eighties eight Chile um annexed Easter Island, and today

687
00:42:42,719 --> 00:42:47,800
Speaker 1: Easter Islanders are Chilean citizens still. Um. But by this time,

688
00:42:47,800 --> 00:42:51,160
Speaker 1: by the late nineteenth century, the population of Easter Island,

689
00:42:51,160 --> 00:42:53,560
Speaker 1: it dwindled down to like a hundred and ten people,

690
00:42:53,719 --> 00:42:58,840
Speaker 1: right yeah, thanks to the influence of what the Westerners brought. Well, okay,

691
00:42:58,960 --> 00:43:03,919
Speaker 1: so that's basically the prevailing legend that we just went over,

692
00:43:03,960 --> 00:43:07,680
Speaker 1: that they they overused the resources available to them in

693
00:43:07,680 --> 00:43:12,280
Speaker 1: this greed and competition. Um. The there there is apparently

694
00:43:12,320 --> 00:43:15,680
Speaker 1: evidence that there was a lot of competitiveness among the

695
00:43:16,239 --> 00:43:20,319
Speaker 1: carvers of the moi. Um. I guess the idea was

696
00:43:20,400 --> 00:43:24,080
Speaker 1: that the bigger and better your moi, the more opportunity

697
00:43:24,400 --> 00:43:27,680
Speaker 1: the mana had to flow from it, right um, which

698
00:43:27,719 --> 00:43:30,440
Speaker 1: meant the more powerful you were in practical terms on

699
00:43:30,480 --> 00:43:34,640
Speaker 1: the island. Um. And that they were just using up

700
00:43:34,640 --> 00:43:38,840
Speaker 1: all of these resources heedlessly, carelessly, and they brought along

701
00:43:38,840 --> 00:43:43,000
Speaker 1: this ecological collapse right um. And then you can throw

702
00:43:43,040 --> 00:43:46,120
Speaker 1: in that they probably would have been totally wiped off

703
00:43:46,120 --> 00:43:48,560
Speaker 1: the face of the earth had the Westerners not shown

704
00:43:48,640 --> 00:43:53,120
Speaker 1: up and stabilized their society further. Right So, I mean

705
00:43:53,160 --> 00:43:56,640
Speaker 1: they christianized them. They taught them how to read, um,

706
00:43:56,719 --> 00:44:00,520
Speaker 1: they taught them how to raise cattle and lie of stock.

707
00:44:00,960 --> 00:44:04,239
Speaker 1: And today if you go to Rapa Nui there are

708
00:44:04,320 --> 00:44:07,600
Speaker 1: plenty of Rapa Nuians still living on the island today.

709
00:44:07,640 --> 00:44:12,040
Speaker 1: I think the populations back to about two thousand, three thousand, right.

710
00:44:12,560 --> 00:44:16,560
Speaker 1: So um. All of that is the narrative that stood

711
00:44:16,600 --> 00:44:21,239
Speaker 1: for many many years until UM. I think about two

712
00:44:21,280 --> 00:44:28,120
Speaker 1: thousand ten, maybe two thousand eleven. There was a an

713
00:44:28,200 --> 00:44:32,560
Speaker 1: archaeologist and her name is Dr Marrow Mulrooney. UM. She's

714
00:44:32,640 --> 00:44:39,839
Speaker 1: from uh Honolulu. She works for the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum.

715
00:44:39,880 --> 00:44:43,560
Speaker 1: I have trouble with Polynesian words, um in Honolulu, and

716
00:44:43,640 --> 00:44:47,920
Speaker 1: she did a study at Rapa Nui um, and said,

717
00:44:48,239 --> 00:44:50,759
Speaker 1: I think this interpretation is wrong. I don't think there

718
00:44:50,800 --> 00:44:56,120
Speaker 1: was a collapse, a population collapse at all. That's right. Uh.

719
00:44:56,160 --> 00:44:59,239
Speaker 1: This is published in the journal Antiquity. Uh, and some

720
00:44:59,320 --> 00:45:02,120
Speaker 1: other research as have gotten on board this train that

721
00:45:02,200 --> 00:45:06,160
Speaker 1: basically said, you know what, there, we're just going on this.

722
00:45:06,280 --> 00:45:10,640
Speaker 1: There must have been ten people there just because someone said,

723
00:45:10,880 --> 00:45:13,960
Speaker 1: well there had to be look at these statues, right,

724
00:45:14,120 --> 00:45:17,560
Speaker 1: and there really wasn't any archaeological evidence to prove anything,

725
00:45:18,000 --> 00:45:22,040
Speaker 1: no scientific evidence. So their theory is that no, the

726
00:45:22,080 --> 00:45:26,040
Speaker 1: population when the Dutch showed up two to three thousand

727
00:45:26,160 --> 00:45:29,480
Speaker 1: was kind of about right. That was a normal, stable population,

728
00:45:29,520 --> 00:45:32,279
Speaker 1: and that it hadn't been a bunch of people before that.

729
00:45:32,560 --> 00:45:34,840
Speaker 1: It had probably been about the same. Yeah. And that

730
00:45:35,239 --> 00:45:37,719
Speaker 1: LiPo guy that I talked about earlier, he was in

731
00:45:37,800 --> 00:45:43,360
Speaker 1: on this and um, he has demonstrated through evidence how

732
00:45:43,400 --> 00:45:46,719
Speaker 1: those mo I like I said, could have been moved, constructed,

733
00:45:46,719 --> 00:45:50,520
Speaker 1: built in, moved without twenty thousand people. Um. He said

734
00:45:50,560 --> 00:45:52,719
Speaker 1: they had plenty of food, they weren't starving like when

735
00:45:52,719 --> 00:45:55,160
Speaker 1: the Dutch showed up. They even offered the Dutch food

736
00:45:55,640 --> 00:45:58,040
Speaker 1: and said I would like your hats, not like, oh

737
00:45:58,080 --> 00:46:00,200
Speaker 1: my god, I'm starving. You gotta help us, Yeah, give

738
00:46:00,239 --> 00:46:02,879
Speaker 1: me food. So there's a lot of evidence there that

739
00:46:02,880 --> 00:46:05,799
Speaker 1: that you know that they were doing just fine basically. Right.

740
00:46:05,960 --> 00:46:08,359
Speaker 1: The thing was is that, I mean, like there was

741
00:46:08,480 --> 00:46:12,359
Speaker 1: evidence that some sort of collapse had happened. It's just

742
00:46:12,719 --> 00:46:15,560
Speaker 1: the idea that there was a population collapses, like you said,

743
00:46:15,640 --> 00:46:18,680
Speaker 1: based on rogue Vine's idea that there must have been

744
00:46:18,680 --> 00:46:24,000
Speaker 1: more people before. Right. Um, there, they're pretty much everyone

745
00:46:24,040 --> 00:46:27,560
Speaker 1: agrees that there was in an ecological collapse, that there

746
00:46:27,600 --> 00:46:30,160
Speaker 1: used to be way more trees and that this huge

747
00:46:30,239 --> 00:46:33,480
Speaker 1: loss of trees led to a loss of cropland of

748
00:46:33,520 --> 00:46:38,040
Speaker 1: arable soil. Um. But exactly how that happened is what's

749
00:46:38,040 --> 00:46:41,600
Speaker 1: really an issue. And it's a really big distinction because

750
00:46:41,800 --> 00:46:45,000
Speaker 1: the Jared Diamond camp says that the Rapa Nui went

751
00:46:45,080 --> 00:46:48,400
Speaker 1: crazy and buck wild, building their idols to their gods

752
00:46:48,440 --> 00:46:50,680
Speaker 1: and chopped down all the trees and shot themselves in

753
00:46:50,719 --> 00:46:54,680
Speaker 1: the feet. Right. Uh. The newer interpretation, led by people

754
00:46:54,800 --> 00:46:58,719
Speaker 1: like mulrooney and Hunt and LiPo say we think it

755
00:46:58,760 --> 00:47:02,680
Speaker 1: was rats. Actually yeah, so here's the idea. Uh, these

756
00:47:02,760 --> 00:47:06,440
Speaker 1: rats stow away on the canoes, they can reproduce at

757
00:47:07,000 --> 00:47:10,680
Speaker 1: what they say in this article furious rate. Uh, Polynesian

758
00:47:10,760 --> 00:47:13,480
Speaker 1: rat population can double in forty seven days in a

759
00:47:13,600 --> 00:47:16,560
Speaker 1: lab setting. There are no predators on the island, plenty

760
00:47:16,600 --> 00:47:19,880
Speaker 1: of food these tree roots, so if they multiplied, they

761
00:47:19,880 --> 00:47:21,960
Speaker 1: said that there could have been as many as two

762
00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:26,080
Speaker 1: to three million rats on this island. And you hit

763
00:47:26,120 --> 00:47:29,160
Speaker 1: it on the head. They eat trees, they eat little

764
00:47:29,239 --> 00:47:32,600
Speaker 1: tree shoots, they eat tree seeds, so they keep trees

765
00:47:32,680 --> 00:47:35,279
Speaker 1: that have been cut down from being replaced. That's right,

766
00:47:35,320 --> 00:47:37,520
Speaker 1: So the rats are eating all this. There's also evidence

767
00:47:37,560 --> 00:47:41,040
Speaker 1: that they were potentially eating these rats as a food source. Uh.

768
00:47:41,080 --> 00:47:44,560
Speaker 1: So it all is kind of lining up that it

769
00:47:44,600 --> 00:47:49,719
Speaker 1: was not necessarily a mystery of population decimation. But they

770
00:47:49,760 --> 00:47:52,799
Speaker 1: call it a success story that these people learn to

771
00:47:52,840 --> 00:47:56,320
Speaker 1: adapt to their new environment, do things like eat rats

772
00:47:56,400 --> 00:47:59,040
Speaker 1: and kind of maintain a stable population. Right. And then

773
00:47:59,080 --> 00:48:02,200
Speaker 1: somewhere along the the way, as a result of that

774
00:48:02,280 --> 00:48:06,520
Speaker 1: birdman cult taking over power, somebody figured out that if

775
00:48:06,560 --> 00:48:12,319
Speaker 1: you take um volcanic rock and just basically sprinkle it

776
00:48:12,480 --> 00:48:15,799
Speaker 1: like um, pretty decent sized chunks of it, but just

777
00:48:15,840 --> 00:48:20,160
Speaker 1: spread it out over former crop land, when the wind

778
00:48:20,239 --> 00:48:23,279
Speaker 1: blows from the sea, it's going to blow through these

779
00:48:23,360 --> 00:48:26,680
Speaker 1: rocks and it actually knocks some of the minerals out

780
00:48:26,760 --> 00:48:29,560
Speaker 1: of the rocks and into the soil, and it does

781
00:48:29,800 --> 00:48:33,480
Speaker 1: just enough to make the soil nutrient rich again so

782
00:48:33,520 --> 00:48:36,480
Speaker 1: that they could start growing crops once more. Right, so,

783
00:48:36,520 --> 00:48:41,360
Speaker 1: these people had some real ingenious adaptations. Like the rats

784
00:48:41,960 --> 00:48:45,960
Speaker 1: allegedly ostensibly came and kept the trees from growing back,

785
00:48:46,200 --> 00:48:50,400
Speaker 1: which denuded the island. So they started eating the rats

786
00:48:50,800 --> 00:48:53,240
Speaker 1: because they couldn't fish anymore because they didn't have trees

787
00:48:53,280 --> 00:48:56,359
Speaker 1: to build the canoes, So they ate the rats. They

788
00:48:56,400 --> 00:48:59,759
Speaker 1: figured out how to make the soil arable again, very

789
00:49:00,080 --> 00:49:02,440
Speaker 1: art so they could grow crops. So the normal, the

790
00:49:02,640 --> 00:49:06,600
Speaker 1: normal two thousand, three thousand person sized population learned to

791
00:49:06,640 --> 00:49:10,799
Speaker 1: sustain themselves even in the face of this ecological crisis. Right,

792
00:49:10,920 --> 00:49:13,759
Speaker 1: so that's a success. Oh yeah, that's that's the new

793
00:49:13,800 --> 00:49:17,200
Speaker 1: interpretation of it. I like it. Another couple of things

794
00:49:17,200 --> 00:49:19,560
Speaker 1: that kind of lend to this theory is that, um,

795
00:49:19,719 --> 00:49:23,560
Speaker 1: remember earlier we're talking about the mata, these spearheads supposedly

796
00:49:24,080 --> 00:49:26,160
Speaker 1: that they used when they turned on each other and

797
00:49:26,320 --> 00:49:29,560
Speaker 1: delved into civil war. Uh, they took a closer look

798
00:49:29,560 --> 00:49:31,719
Speaker 1: at these these researchers and they said, you know what

799
00:49:32,120 --> 00:49:34,400
Speaker 1: if these are all supposed to be spearheads, they should

800
00:49:34,400 --> 00:49:36,759
Speaker 1: probably all look about the same. And these things that

801
00:49:36,760 --> 00:49:39,560
Speaker 1: we're finding don't look the same. They're all kinds of shapes.

802
00:49:39,920 --> 00:49:43,720
Speaker 1: They're not sharp. Uh, they're actually kind of dulled and

803
00:49:44,040 --> 00:49:47,120
Speaker 1: it wouldn't be very good for stabbing. Um. And what

804
00:49:47,160 --> 00:49:51,200
Speaker 1: we think these are our tools for scraping, like brakes

805
00:49:51,239 --> 00:49:53,880
Speaker 1: and hose and things that were left behind, and they

806
00:49:53,920 --> 00:49:57,680
Speaker 1: weren't They weren't meant to be spearheads at all. Yeah.

807
00:49:57,760 --> 00:50:02,080
Speaker 1: So this great evidence that there was an enormous amount

808
00:50:02,160 --> 00:50:05,840
Speaker 1: of war, uh, it turns out to be um farm

809
00:50:05,880 --> 00:50:10,160
Speaker 1: tools in this new interpretation. Yeah. And then finally when

810
00:50:10,160 --> 00:50:13,640
Speaker 1: the Europeans arrived, there was a population decline and they

811
00:50:13,680 --> 00:50:17,399
Speaker 1: they say it's due to maybe STDs smallpox or yeah,

812
00:50:17,440 --> 00:50:21,040
Speaker 1: the plague, smallpox and STDs. Right, because again, yeah, when

813
00:50:21,080 --> 00:50:24,560
Speaker 1: they when Rogovin showed up three thousand people and the

814
00:50:24,960 --> 00:50:27,880
Speaker 1: eighteen eighties down to it like a hundred, a hundred

815
00:50:27,880 --> 00:50:32,480
Speaker 1: and ten um. Yeah, So that it's really important to

816
00:50:32,520 --> 00:50:36,600
Speaker 1: remember that all this new stuff that refutes diamond and

817
00:50:36,600 --> 00:50:41,040
Speaker 1: and that um, the idea, the interpretation that he threw

818
00:50:41,080 --> 00:50:44,040
Speaker 1: his weight behind this is all interpretation as well. It's

819
00:50:44,040 --> 00:50:48,680
Speaker 1: a new interpretation of very old facts. But um, it

820
00:50:48,800 --> 00:50:52,480
Speaker 1: swings the other way. It doesn't say these people created

821
00:50:52,640 --> 00:50:56,000
Speaker 1: what Diamond called eco side, you know where like they

822
00:50:56,160 --> 00:50:59,719
Speaker 1: killed their their ecosystem, they killed their environment, and they

823
00:50:59,760 --> 00:51:02,759
Speaker 1: s for it as a result. They say, no, they

824
00:51:02,800 --> 00:51:05,040
Speaker 1: had they were dealt a bad hand with these rats

825
00:51:05,080 --> 00:51:09,080
Speaker 1: that came aboard and and spread and and prevented trees,

826
00:51:09,239 --> 00:51:13,719
Speaker 1: very important trees from growing. UM and they persevered. It's

827
00:51:13,760 --> 00:51:15,960
Speaker 1: it's not a story of collapses, a story of continuity.

828
00:51:16,360 --> 00:51:20,960
Speaker 1: My favorite interpretation is Robert Crollwitch's from MPR from Radio

829
00:51:21,040 --> 00:51:23,960
Speaker 1: Lab and he he kind of took a look at

830
00:51:24,000 --> 00:51:26,839
Speaker 1: these new findings and said, I guess I see what

831
00:51:26,880 --> 00:51:30,000
Speaker 1: you're saying that this is a success story, But is

832
00:51:30,000 --> 00:51:33,279
Speaker 1: it really like learning to make do? He's like, if

833
00:51:33,360 --> 00:51:35,480
Speaker 1: you do want to take the rapa nui story and

834
00:51:35,520 --> 00:51:39,160
Speaker 1: apply it to um modern day ecology, which is what

835
00:51:39,320 --> 00:51:42,440
Speaker 1: everyone tries to do, He's like, this is really scary

836
00:51:42,480 --> 00:51:45,600
Speaker 1: because it suggests that we'll keep going along in the

837
00:51:45,640 --> 00:51:48,799
Speaker 1: face of like climate change getting worse and worse, but

838
00:51:48,920 --> 00:51:51,920
Speaker 1: we'll get used to it more and more and we'll

839
00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:55,160
Speaker 1: make do. We'll just keep blimping along rather than doing

840
00:51:55,200 --> 00:51:58,719
Speaker 1: something about it, taking the bull by the horns and

841
00:51:58,880 --> 00:52:03,600
Speaker 1: moving forward to to progress rather than just muddling along.

842
00:52:03,680 --> 00:52:05,719
Speaker 1: It's a good point, oh, kroll, which is full of

843
00:52:05,760 --> 00:52:08,719
Speaker 1: good points. Let's let's radio web guys. They've been doing

844
00:52:08,760 --> 00:52:11,759
Speaker 1: it right for years. Yeah. I still haven't met those dudes,

845
00:52:11,760 --> 00:52:16,239
Speaker 1: have you know? Never have I think our friends from

846
00:52:16,280 --> 00:52:20,279
Speaker 1: stuff to blow in your mind? Yeah, yeah we haven't. No,

847
00:52:20,400 --> 00:52:21,560
Speaker 1: I mean it kind of one of the neat things

848
00:52:21,600 --> 00:52:24,359
Speaker 1: about the podcaster community is that you end up meeting

849
00:52:24,360 --> 00:52:27,000
Speaker 1: a lot of these people and becoming pals. Not not

850
00:52:27,200 --> 00:52:29,160
Speaker 1: them though, No, I've never like, I don't think they've

851
00:52:29,200 --> 00:52:31,799
Speaker 1: ever been at anything we've done. It's not that they've

852
00:52:31,800 --> 00:52:34,520
Speaker 1: avoided us or have Oh I think they have, but

853
00:52:34,600 --> 00:52:39,359
Speaker 1: kind of anonymously and bood oh, come on boot, that's

854
00:52:39,400 --> 00:52:43,120
Speaker 1: what krow, which sounds like. No, it would be uh,

855
00:52:43,360 --> 00:52:47,920
Speaker 1: very much more well produced than that, right, sound effects music.

856
00:52:48,360 --> 00:52:51,319
Speaker 1: It would be good. Uh. If you want to know

857
00:52:51,440 --> 00:52:54,000
Speaker 1: more about rap ANUEI type those words into the search

858
00:52:54,040 --> 00:52:56,759
Speaker 1: part how stuff worst dot com? Read that, and then

859
00:52:57,000 --> 00:52:59,400
Speaker 1: go do more research on the web to get the

860
00:52:59,440 --> 00:53:01,719
Speaker 1: full story. Yeah, come up with your own theory. Sure,

861
00:53:02,080 --> 00:53:05,160
Speaker 1: it's the fun thing. To send it in. Yeah, I said,

862
00:53:05,160 --> 00:53:07,799
Speaker 1: search far in this somewhere says time for the listener man. Yeah,

863
00:53:07,840 --> 00:53:11,040
Speaker 1: the very special listener mail that I promised, because if

864
00:53:11,080 --> 00:53:14,200
Speaker 1: you remember, many years ago, we did a special two

865
00:53:14,200 --> 00:53:19,239
Speaker 1: part episode on our travels through Guatemala with you and

866
00:53:19,640 --> 00:53:23,919
Speaker 1: me and Jerry and some Yeah, we all went down

867
00:53:23,920 --> 00:53:27,799
Speaker 1: there on special limitation from our friends at the Cooperative

868
00:53:28,200 --> 00:53:33,880
Speaker 1: Cooperative for Education co ED out of Cincinnata. And um.

869
00:53:33,960 --> 00:53:36,319
Speaker 1: We used to talk about them a lot because the

870
00:53:36,320 --> 00:53:41,280
Speaker 1: great work they do with their school book program and uh,

871
00:53:41,320 --> 00:53:44,399
Speaker 1: I mean that they've just done some like their life's work,

872
00:53:44,640 --> 00:53:47,239
Speaker 1: you know, helping out the children of Guatemala. It's a

873
00:53:47,320 --> 00:53:49,879
Speaker 1: great program too, self sustainable. Well, they got a new

874
00:53:49,880 --> 00:53:51,520
Speaker 1: one we haven't talked about in a while. So we

875
00:53:51,600 --> 00:53:54,480
Speaker 1: heard from Anne dem c r pal down there and

876
00:53:54,600 --> 00:53:56,320
Speaker 1: uh and then this all came about because Anne was

877
00:53:56,360 --> 00:53:59,399
Speaker 1: a fan and listener. So she still listens. Huh yeah,

878
00:53:59,480 --> 00:54:03,160
Speaker 1: she says she is. I believe her. Yeah, So uh,

879
00:54:03,480 --> 00:54:05,800
Speaker 1: here it goes. They have a new program going called

880
00:54:07,040 --> 00:54:10,200
Speaker 1: Thousand Girls Initiative, and it's very cool. What they're doing

881
00:54:10,280 --> 00:54:12,920
Speaker 1: is they're ramping up efforts to keep one thousand girls

882
00:54:12,960 --> 00:54:17,560
Speaker 1: in Guatemala from dropping out of school. Uh. As we

883
00:54:17,640 --> 00:54:20,200
Speaker 1: learned when we went over there, keeping these kids in

884
00:54:20,239 --> 00:54:23,400
Speaker 1: school is a real challenge because parents are often like, no,

885
00:54:23,719 --> 00:54:25,480
Speaker 1: you know your ten Now you need to stay home

886
00:54:25,520 --> 00:54:28,920
Speaker 1: and work because we need that. So keeping these uh,

887
00:54:29,120 --> 00:54:32,560
Speaker 1: especially young girls educated is a really valuable thing. So

888
00:54:32,800 --> 00:54:34,760
Speaker 1: uh they've made it their mission to keep a thousand

889
00:54:34,800 --> 00:54:37,759
Speaker 1: girls from dropping out by it's one of the best

890
00:54:37,800 --> 00:54:40,799
Speaker 1: investments you can make in the developing world's education. It

891
00:54:40,840 --> 00:54:44,680
Speaker 1: takes twelve years of education to break the cycle of poverty,

892
00:54:44,719 --> 00:54:49,239
Speaker 1: and Guatemala twelve years. But poor rural Guatemalan, which we

893
00:54:49,320 --> 00:54:51,320
Speaker 1: met plenty of down there, they have a one in

894
00:54:51,440 --> 00:54:55,440
Speaker 1: twenty chance of reaching that milestone. So uh, you know

895
00:54:55,920 --> 00:54:58,480
Speaker 1: it's they have an uphill challenge ahead of them. So

896
00:54:58,480 --> 00:55:01,200
Speaker 1: what they're doing now they have You can sponsor them.

897
00:55:01,239 --> 00:55:03,640
Speaker 1: You can make it. Uh. You can be a sponsor

898
00:55:03,680 --> 00:55:05,840
Speaker 1: and pledge to keep a girl from dropping out of school.

899
00:55:06,280 --> 00:55:08,680
Speaker 1: Uh seventy dollars a month, or if you want to

900
00:55:08,680 --> 00:55:11,040
Speaker 1: do thirty five dollars a month, they will actually match

901
00:55:11,040 --> 00:55:13,799
Speaker 1: your donation with another sponsor to make sure that that

902
00:55:13,880 --> 00:55:17,839
Speaker 1: one student is able to continue her education. So either

903
00:55:17,840 --> 00:55:20,120
Speaker 1: thirty five bucks or seventy dollars a month. You can

904
00:55:20,160 --> 00:55:24,120
Speaker 1: literally keep a girl in school. How did they do it, Chuck, Well,

905
00:55:24,280 --> 00:55:27,560
Speaker 1: they go to they have a very special link called

906
00:55:27,600 --> 00:55:32,759
Speaker 1: thousand Girls Initiative dot org and that's spelled out t

907
00:55:33,360 --> 00:55:38,319
Speaker 1: h o U s a Indie girls Initiative dot org.

908
00:55:39,120 --> 00:55:41,200
Speaker 1: And you can actually pick out the student you sponsor.

909
00:55:41,840 --> 00:55:43,160
Speaker 1: Is one of the great things that co ED does.

910
00:55:43,239 --> 00:55:45,360
Speaker 1: You can put a real face and a real person,

911
00:55:45,920 --> 00:55:47,840
Speaker 1: send them seventy or thirty five bucks a month, and

912
00:55:48,000 --> 00:55:52,080
Speaker 1: like it's a really great thing that you're doing. So

913
00:55:52,160 --> 00:55:55,279
Speaker 1: that's from Anne and that's from co ED and they're

914
00:55:55,280 --> 00:55:57,640
Speaker 1: still doing great work and we just think they're they're

915
00:55:57,680 --> 00:56:00,160
Speaker 1: lovely people and we couldn't be more proud out of

916
00:56:00,200 --> 00:56:02,719
Speaker 1: their continued efforts. Yeah, thanks a lot, guys, thanks a lot,

917
00:56:02,760 --> 00:56:05,960
Speaker 1: and um, thanks for keeping us updated. And uh, if

918
00:56:06,000 --> 00:56:08,480
Speaker 1: you want to go help them, what's that you are? Elegant, Chuck,

919
00:56:08,920 --> 00:56:13,640
Speaker 1: Thousand Girls Initiative dot org. Nice. Uh. And in the meantime,

920
00:56:13,800 --> 00:56:15,160
Speaker 1: if you want to get in touch with us, you

921
00:56:15,160 --> 00:56:17,200
Speaker 1: can tweet to us at s Y s K podcast

922
00:56:17,280 --> 00:56:20,560
Speaker 1: and Josh um Clark. You can hang out with Charles W.

923
00:56:20,719 --> 00:56:23,719
Speaker 1: Chuck Bryant and Stuff you Should Know, both with their

924
00:56:23,760 --> 00:56:26,440
Speaker 1: own Facebook pages. You can send us an email to

925
00:56:26,560 --> 00:56:29,000
Speaker 1: Stuff Podcast at how stuff Works dot com and has

926
00:56:29,000 --> 00:56:31,160
Speaker 1: always joined us at our home on the web, Stuff

927
00:56:31,160 --> 00:56:38,360
Speaker 1: you Should Know dot com. For more on this and

928
00:56:38,440 --> 00:56:41,000
Speaker 1: thousands of other topics, is it how stuff Works dot

929
00:56:41,040 --> 00:56:48,400
Speaker 1: com