1 00:00:07,480 --> 00:00:10,440 Speaker 1: Hey, Daniel, you know I'm a comic person, so I'm 2 00:00:10,440 --> 00:00:14,560 Speaker 1: curious to know what would be your superpower if you're 3 00:00:14,560 --> 00:00:17,200 Speaker 1: a superhero. It would be what superpower would you pick? 4 00:00:17,520 --> 00:00:20,720 Speaker 1: I might have to decide between laser beams from the eyes, 5 00:00:20,960 --> 00:00:23,760 Speaker 1: which seems very useful for like cracking safes and when 6 00:00:23,760 --> 00:00:27,080 Speaker 1: you lose your keys and stuff, or flying. Flying is 7 00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:29,840 Speaker 1: always seemed to me like a majestic, amazing thing I 8 00:00:29,840 --> 00:00:32,720 Speaker 1: wish we could do. Yeah, that's my favorite one too, flying. 9 00:00:32,760 --> 00:00:36,239 Speaker 1: I would love to fly. The problem is gravity, that's right. 10 00:00:36,360 --> 00:00:40,120 Speaker 1: It's all about conquering gravity, being anti gravity, that's right. 11 00:00:40,200 --> 00:00:42,800 Speaker 1: I always wonder how Superman does it, you know, the 12 00:00:42,920 --> 00:00:47,960 Speaker 1: Superman push himself up or a c somehow canceling the 13 00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:50,360 Speaker 1: force of gravity. Oh well, we have him scheduled to 14 00:00:50,360 --> 00:00:51,800 Speaker 1: be a guest on the podcast in a few weeks, 15 00:00:51,800 --> 00:00:54,800 Speaker 1: so you can ask him directly. Good good, I look 16 00:00:54,840 --> 00:00:58,320 Speaker 1: forward to talking. I thought. We also had this interview 17 00:00:58,360 --> 00:01:01,960 Speaker 1: with this reporter called can't didn't we al scheduled with you? 18 00:01:02,080 --> 00:01:03,639 Speaker 1: We have to cancel that one because we can get 19 00:01:03,640 --> 00:01:06,560 Speaker 1: Superman instead. Okay, all right, that's kind of suspicious, but 20 00:01:06,640 --> 00:01:11,080 Speaker 1: all right. They said they wouldn't appear together. So what 21 00:01:11,120 --> 00:01:31,240 Speaker 1: are you gonna do? Hi, I'm and I'm Daniel. Welcome 22 00:01:31,240 --> 00:01:34,600 Speaker 1: to our podcast. Daniel and Jorge explain the universe, in 23 00:01:34,640 --> 00:01:36,800 Speaker 1: which we take things in the universe, pulled them apart, 24 00:01:36,840 --> 00:01:39,400 Speaker 1: and explain them to you, including how you might be 25 00:01:39,440 --> 00:01:43,160 Speaker 1: able to cancel some of them. Yeah, we are pro 26 00:01:43,520 --> 00:01:47,240 Speaker 1: universe and also anti universe in this podcast. Yeah, exactly. 27 00:01:47,280 --> 00:01:50,640 Speaker 1: Today we want to talk about the concept of getting 28 00:01:50,720 --> 00:01:54,000 Speaker 1: rid of gravity. Is it possible to escape the shackles 29 00:01:54,000 --> 00:01:56,200 Speaker 1: of the Earth not just by pushing up against it, 30 00:01:56,200 --> 00:01:59,080 Speaker 1: by climbing out of that gravity well, but by actually 31 00:01:59,200 --> 00:02:02,440 Speaker 1: negating it, by turning off Earth's gravity somehow, so we 32 00:02:02,480 --> 00:02:06,000 Speaker 1: could float through the atmosphere and even escape into into space. 33 00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:15,680 Speaker 1: That's right. Today's topic is anti gravity? Is it possible? 34 00:02:16,280 --> 00:02:20,399 Speaker 1: What is it? Will anti gravity technology ever work? Will 35 00:02:20,480 --> 00:02:23,440 Speaker 1: you or your children or your children's children ever get 36 00:02:23,480 --> 00:02:26,880 Speaker 1: that flying skateboard so you can just float around and 37 00:02:26,919 --> 00:02:30,240 Speaker 1: avoid traffic and get wherever you want? Is that actually 38 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:32,160 Speaker 1: something that's going to happen or is it always going 39 00:02:32,200 --> 00:02:34,320 Speaker 1: to be in the realms of science fiction? Yeah? Do 40 00:02:34,320 --> 00:02:38,160 Speaker 1: you think it's possible to make something that somehow is 41 00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:42,240 Speaker 1: anti gravity? You know? That it's somehow not affected by gravity. 42 00:02:42,400 --> 00:02:45,760 Speaker 1: That's the idea, right, yeah, exactly, that would be the idea. Um. 43 00:02:45,880 --> 00:02:48,840 Speaker 1: So that's the question of today's podcast, and as usual, 44 00:02:48,960 --> 00:02:51,040 Speaker 1: before we dig into it, we thought, let's go out 45 00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:53,680 Speaker 1: and see what people think. Is this something people imagine 46 00:02:53,680 --> 00:02:56,640 Speaker 1: it's possible or people think is ridiculous and absurd? Do 47 00:02:56,680 --> 00:03:01,120 Speaker 1: you think anti gravity technology will ever work? Here's what 48 00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:03,960 Speaker 1: people had to say. Yeah, I think that might be possible. 49 00:03:04,320 --> 00:03:08,560 Speaker 1: Probably not, okay, yes, yes, what is that? Um? I 50 00:03:08,680 --> 00:03:12,679 Speaker 1: just think as technology progresses, it's just something that can 51 00:03:12,760 --> 00:03:16,880 Speaker 1: become possible. Speaking of really anti gravity, which like we're 52 00:03:16,919 --> 00:03:20,840 Speaker 1: completely removed gravity, and I don't think that's possible at 53 00:03:20,919 --> 00:03:24,560 Speaker 1: least from my imagination in the really short period of time. Okay, 54 00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:27,840 Speaker 1: I have no idea. Probably yeah, why do you think so? 55 00:03:28,240 --> 00:03:31,200 Speaker 1: Mean it's probably too expensively build, but we know that 56 00:03:31,280 --> 00:03:35,720 Speaker 1: it's theoretically possible. Okay, yeah, yeah, what gives you so 57 00:03:35,800 --> 00:03:37,800 Speaker 1: much faith? I don't know. I just have a lot 58 00:03:37,840 --> 00:03:42,640 Speaker 1: of faith, um that with enough effort and people working together, 59 00:03:42,680 --> 00:03:47,040 Speaker 1: that we can figure it out. All right. So, as usual, 60 00:03:47,280 --> 00:03:50,520 Speaker 1: I am impressed and slightly scared by the faith people 61 00:03:50,560 --> 00:03:55,000 Speaker 1: have in scientists to basically accomplish anything technological. Yeah, but 62 00:03:55,080 --> 00:03:58,200 Speaker 1: a lot of people are saying that, yeah, it's possible 63 00:03:58,240 --> 00:04:03,839 Speaker 1: that that they have high confident ends in people like you. Well, yeah, 64 00:04:03,840 --> 00:04:06,120 Speaker 1: that's because they don't know me very well. But I 65 00:04:06,120 --> 00:04:09,680 Speaker 1: think this is general sense that once an idea about 66 00:04:09,760 --> 00:04:12,480 Speaker 1: something is made, comes up in science fiction or somewhere else, 67 00:04:12,720 --> 00:04:14,760 Speaker 1: that eventually will figure it out. That it's just sort 68 00:04:14,800 --> 00:04:18,039 Speaker 1: of like on the queue of stuff scientists got to 69 00:04:18,040 --> 00:04:20,279 Speaker 1: get done, and maybe not this week or next week, 70 00:04:20,279 --> 00:04:24,360 Speaker 1: but eventually technology always achieves these things. That seems to 71 00:04:24,400 --> 00:04:26,600 Speaker 1: be the sense people have. Yeah, it seems that they 72 00:04:26,600 --> 00:04:30,040 Speaker 1: have the impression that it's just a hard technical problem, 73 00:04:30,080 --> 00:04:32,440 Speaker 1: you know, like it's possible, they just have to figure 74 00:04:32,480 --> 00:04:34,839 Speaker 1: out how. Yeah, and I think this must be a 75 00:04:34,880 --> 00:04:37,359 Speaker 1: new sensation, you know, the feeling that the world is 76 00:04:37,400 --> 00:04:40,960 Speaker 1: constantly changing, that in a year or ten years or 77 00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:44,120 Speaker 1: in fifty years, technology will be available that makes the 78 00:04:44,200 --> 00:04:46,480 Speaker 1: everyday experience really different. Whereas you know, if you think 79 00:04:46,480 --> 00:04:49,640 Speaker 1: about like a thousand years ago, everybody's life was basically 80 00:04:49,680 --> 00:04:52,040 Speaker 1: like their grandparents life and their great grandparents life, and 81 00:04:52,080 --> 00:04:55,040 Speaker 1: the general sense was nothing will ever change because the 82 00:04:55,080 --> 00:04:58,000 Speaker 1: pace of change was so slow. Is basically invisible, whereas 83 00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:00,520 Speaker 1: now people expect that their kids grow up in a 84 00:05:00,520 --> 00:05:03,479 Speaker 1: different world and their grandkids wouldn't even recognize their world. 85 00:05:03,520 --> 00:05:06,719 Speaker 1: So that's kind of amazing. Yeah, I guess people expect 86 00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:11,640 Speaker 1: their grandkids to be floating around flying, that's right. They 87 00:05:11,720 --> 00:05:14,240 Speaker 1: have to visit their their great grandkids up in the 88 00:05:14,279 --> 00:05:16,760 Speaker 1: clouds somewhere. Yeah, but you're right. I think maybe even 89 00:05:16,920 --> 00:05:21,040 Speaker 1: just fifty years ago or seventy years ago, this feeling 90 00:05:21,080 --> 00:05:25,000 Speaker 1: probably wasn't there, you know. Yeah, and us accurate. Right, 91 00:05:25,080 --> 00:05:28,040 Speaker 1: the pace of change is accelerating, like things are changing 92 00:05:28,080 --> 00:05:30,480 Speaker 1: faster and faster. Uh. Somebody said the other day I 93 00:05:30,480 --> 00:05:33,680 Speaker 1: thought was really insightful. They said, Um, nobody lives in 94 00:05:33,680 --> 00:05:36,520 Speaker 1: the world they grew up in. Whoa, because the world 95 00:05:36,560 --> 00:05:38,600 Speaker 1: you get used to when you're a kid is not 96 00:05:38,680 --> 00:05:40,920 Speaker 1: the world anymore when you're an adult, Right, so you're 97 00:05:40,960 --> 00:05:44,480 Speaker 1: always prepared to live in an older, more antique world 98 00:05:44,560 --> 00:05:47,280 Speaker 1: than you grew up in. Interesting. When do you think 99 00:05:47,279 --> 00:05:49,520 Speaker 1: that started? I mean even at the turn of the 100 00:05:49,520 --> 00:05:52,880 Speaker 1: twentieth century. I mean people were going through these huge changes, right, 101 00:05:52,920 --> 00:05:56,280 Speaker 1: cars and radio and television. Yeah, I think around then, 102 00:05:56,320 --> 00:05:59,640 Speaker 1: you know, industrial revolution is when things started to pick up. 103 00:05:59,640 --> 00:06:01,760 Speaker 1: But I've gets after World War Two the things really 104 00:06:01,760 --> 00:06:04,000 Speaker 1: started to get crazy, you know, as the development of 105 00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:07,039 Speaker 1: electronics and computers and and all that kind of stuff 106 00:06:07,080 --> 00:06:11,839 Speaker 1: that really accelerated the pace of technological change. Um, now 107 00:06:11,839 --> 00:06:15,480 Speaker 1: we're on this like very steeply moving curve that's accelerating 108 00:06:15,520 --> 00:06:17,960 Speaker 1: to who knows where. Right, it's so difficult to predict 109 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:20,320 Speaker 1: what technology will have in just a few years. So 110 00:06:20,400 --> 00:06:25,359 Speaker 1: surely something's easy as anti gravity should be done in 111 00:06:25,400 --> 00:06:28,880 Speaker 1: a couple of years, right, Well, that's the thing. It's 112 00:06:28,960 --> 00:06:31,120 Speaker 1: just because it's on people's wish list doesn't mean that 113 00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:34,080 Speaker 1: it's possible, right, And it doesn't mean that it's easy, 114 00:06:34,120 --> 00:06:36,120 Speaker 1: and it doesn't mean that it's imminent. People have been 115 00:06:36,120 --> 00:06:38,280 Speaker 1: waiting for flying cars for a while now, and I 116 00:06:38,320 --> 00:06:40,560 Speaker 1: don't see any, you know, on the street. What do 117 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:46,640 Speaker 1: you we have them? They're called helicopters or airplanes or drones. Yeah, 118 00:06:46,680 --> 00:06:49,800 Speaker 1: that's true, that's true. Yeah, Um if they haven't really 119 00:06:49,839 --> 00:06:52,160 Speaker 1: replaced your your car yet. I mean, I don't think 120 00:06:52,160 --> 00:06:56,120 Speaker 1: do you have a helicopter warhead? No? Old, come on, 121 00:06:56,240 --> 00:07:00,400 Speaker 1: I have three? Great, Um, I'd like to sorrow your 122 00:07:00,600 --> 00:07:09,920 Speaker 1: helicopter by the way. Okay, So let's get into it. Um, 123 00:07:09,960 --> 00:07:12,240 Speaker 1: So what do you think it means for something to 124 00:07:12,280 --> 00:07:15,600 Speaker 1: be anti gravity or for to achieve anti gravity, or 125 00:07:15,640 --> 00:07:18,880 Speaker 1: to make something that allows you to be anti gravity? 126 00:07:19,000 --> 00:07:21,600 Speaker 1: So in my mind, there's something of an important distinction here. 127 00:07:22,000 --> 00:07:25,280 Speaker 1: There's a difference between opposing gravity, Like what does a 128 00:07:25,360 --> 00:07:29,120 Speaker 1: rocket do. A rocket pushes back against gravity. Gravity is 129 00:07:29,160 --> 00:07:31,720 Speaker 1: pulling you down. The rocket is pushing up so you 130 00:07:31,720 --> 00:07:34,920 Speaker 1: can overcome gravity. You can oppose gravity. That we can 131 00:07:34,920 --> 00:07:38,280 Speaker 1: do for sure. Everybody here can jump, right, you're defeating 132 00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:40,080 Speaker 1: the gravity of the Earth every time you take a leap. 133 00:07:40,800 --> 00:07:42,640 Speaker 1: But that's not what we're talking about. I think we're 134 00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:46,600 Speaker 1: talking about effortless floating. We're talking about negating gravity. We're 135 00:07:46,640 --> 00:07:50,320 Speaker 1: talking about turning it off or something like shielding ourselves 136 00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:54,120 Speaker 1: from the Earth's gravitational field. Right. I think people imagine 137 00:07:54,160 --> 00:07:57,160 Speaker 1: it to be that you're floating, but you're not really 138 00:07:57,200 --> 00:08:00,520 Speaker 1: doing much, right, Like if you're floating but you're burning 139 00:08:00,760 --> 00:08:04,680 Speaker 1: explosive rocket fuel, or you're floating but you're whipping around 140 00:08:04,760 --> 00:08:08,680 Speaker 1: this helicopter blade. But then that's that doesn't really feel 141 00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:12,160 Speaker 1: like anti gravity, right, that's right because it cost energy, right, 142 00:08:12,320 --> 00:08:16,440 Speaker 1: costum time and money and energy to do with the 143 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:19,400 Speaker 1: idea of the whole content effort. Yeah, the whole concept 144 00:08:19,440 --> 00:08:22,920 Speaker 1: of anti gravity is effortless floating, effortless flying, So it 145 00:08:22,960 --> 00:08:25,559 Speaker 1: doesn't take a huge amount of energy, right, And also 146 00:08:25,600 --> 00:08:27,720 Speaker 1: it's nice and quiet and calm, and you know, you 147 00:08:27,760 --> 00:08:30,880 Speaker 1: can you can read your magazine or whatever. So there's 148 00:08:30,920 --> 00:08:34,360 Speaker 1: a concept there of of avoiding the cost of climbing 149 00:08:34,400 --> 00:08:38,080 Speaker 1: out of the gravity. Well, right, it's not pushing against gravity. 150 00:08:38,160 --> 00:08:42,000 Speaker 1: It's like the idea is canceling gravity somehow, Yeah, exactly, 151 00:08:42,080 --> 00:08:45,319 Speaker 1: shielding yourself somehow. And the amazing thing is that this 152 00:08:45,600 --> 00:08:50,200 Speaker 1: is possible for the other forces, right, like electromagnetism, for example, 153 00:08:50,440 --> 00:08:53,160 Speaker 1: that's something you can shield yourself from. You can cancel 154 00:08:53,640 --> 00:08:56,760 Speaker 1: um the influence of electric and magnetic fields. What do 155 00:08:56,800 --> 00:09:00,400 Speaker 1: you mean, like a shield? Exactly like a shield. And if, 156 00:09:00,400 --> 00:09:02,680 Speaker 1: for example, you've ever heard of a Faraday cage, a 157 00:09:02,679 --> 00:09:05,440 Speaker 1: Faraday cage is just a box made out of metal. 158 00:09:05,679 --> 00:09:08,840 Speaker 1: It doesn't even have to be complete, The sides don't 159 00:09:08,880 --> 00:09:10,280 Speaker 1: even have to be complete. It can be like chain 160 00:09:10,320 --> 00:09:13,280 Speaker 1: link fence, a box made out of metal. It's almost 161 00:09:13,280 --> 00:09:15,840 Speaker 1: impossible to make a cell phone call from right, like 162 00:09:15,880 --> 00:09:19,360 Speaker 1: you're in an elevator, you lose coverage. Why because the 163 00:09:19,600 --> 00:09:21,840 Speaker 1: elevator is a box made of metal, and a box 164 00:09:21,880 --> 00:09:27,360 Speaker 1: made of metal will shield you from electromagnetic fields. So 165 00:09:27,440 --> 00:09:30,640 Speaker 1: all those mixed martial arts art is fighting in a cage, 166 00:09:30,679 --> 00:09:35,439 Speaker 1: they're all imprevious to electromagnetic radiation. That's right. They can't 167 00:09:35,520 --> 00:09:37,480 Speaker 1: call their coach and say what should I do? Now? 168 00:09:37,480 --> 00:09:41,280 Speaker 1: Should I kick them in the head? And that's why 169 00:09:41,679 --> 00:09:43,760 Speaker 1: that's right, That's why they're not on their phones because 170 00:09:43,760 --> 00:09:46,600 Speaker 1: they just don't work. Um. And the reason that's possible 171 00:09:47,200 --> 00:09:50,439 Speaker 1: is because there's two kinds of electromagnetic charges, right, this 172 00:09:50,600 --> 00:09:53,760 Speaker 1: positive in this negative. So electrons are negative and protons 173 00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:56,560 Speaker 1: are positive, for example. And what happens when you put 174 00:09:56,600 --> 00:10:00,040 Speaker 1: a metal box inside an electromagnetic field is that it 175 00:10:00,320 --> 00:10:03,640 Speaker 1: pulls the the positive negative charges apart in just such 176 00:10:03,679 --> 00:10:06,520 Speaker 1: a way that it cancels itself inside the box. What 177 00:10:06,559 --> 00:10:09,480 Speaker 1: do you mean, it pulls him apart in the box. 178 00:10:09,520 --> 00:10:13,559 Speaker 1: It's material like in the metal, Yeah, yeah, in metal. 179 00:10:13,600 --> 00:10:15,840 Speaker 1: Metal is that is a conductor, which means that there's 180 00:10:16,080 --> 00:10:19,400 Speaker 1: negative charges all around um which can be moved, right. 181 00:10:19,720 --> 00:10:23,080 Speaker 1: And what happens is that you have the electromagnetic field 182 00:10:23,120 --> 00:10:25,480 Speaker 1: and that moves the charges around. It responds to the 183 00:10:25,480 --> 00:10:28,920 Speaker 1: electromagnetic field and just the right way to produce the 184 00:10:28,960 --> 00:10:32,480 Speaker 1: opposing electromagnetic field, which essentially cancels it. Right. It sort 185 00:10:32,480 --> 00:10:36,800 Speaker 1: of absorbs the forces of from electromagnetic magnetism. Yeah, it 186 00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:39,480 Speaker 1: or it makes a shield. Right, It's like having the 187 00:10:39,520 --> 00:10:43,040 Speaker 1: opposite field at the same time, so the two things 188 00:10:43,080 --> 00:10:46,959 Speaker 1: really are canceled, kind of like soundproofing a little bit, 189 00:10:47,120 --> 00:10:50,520 Speaker 1: like it absorbs the impacts, you know, like it absorbs 190 00:10:50,559 --> 00:10:53,080 Speaker 1: the energy. I think it's a better analogy is more 191 00:10:53,120 --> 00:10:56,680 Speaker 1: like noise canceling headphones. Right. Noise canceling headphones don't just 192 00:10:56,720 --> 00:11:01,319 Speaker 1: block the sound, They produce sound which distr recatively interferes 193 00:11:01,640 --> 00:11:05,080 Speaker 1: with the sound waves to cancel them out. So that 194 00:11:05,080 --> 00:11:06,920 Speaker 1: would be cool if you can somehow get into a 195 00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:11,080 Speaker 1: box that somehow shields you from the force of gravity. 196 00:11:11,120 --> 00:11:14,040 Speaker 1: You would basically be inside and you would float, right. 197 00:11:14,080 --> 00:11:16,280 Speaker 1: That would be cool. That would be pretty cool. It 198 00:11:16,320 --> 00:11:18,839 Speaker 1: would be pretty cool. I would like that. But I mean, 199 00:11:18,840 --> 00:11:21,160 Speaker 1: that's the idea, right, get into it? Is it? We're 200 00:11:21,200 --> 00:11:24,200 Speaker 1: looking for a way to cancel out the forces of 201 00:11:24,200 --> 00:11:26,720 Speaker 1: gravity that would normally get to you and pull you. 202 00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:29,839 Speaker 1: That's right, And You can do that for electromagnetism because 203 00:11:29,840 --> 00:11:33,000 Speaker 1: there's a positive and negative charge. The thing with gravity 204 00:11:33,080 --> 00:11:35,960 Speaker 1: is that there's only positive charges, right. Gravity is a 205 00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:39,560 Speaker 1: force that acts between any objects that have mass, and 206 00:11:39,600 --> 00:11:42,000 Speaker 1: as far as we know, there's only positive mass, which 207 00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:44,960 Speaker 1: means it's only attractive gravity. So there's no way to 208 00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:48,360 Speaker 1: build something that cancels the gravity or you know, no, 209 00:11:48,480 --> 00:11:50,880 Speaker 1: there's no way for a box to arrange itself in 210 00:11:50,920 --> 00:11:53,480 Speaker 1: such a way that it negates gravity because there is 211 00:11:53,520 --> 00:11:56,280 Speaker 1: no other kind of charge. There's no other kind of mass, 212 00:11:56,360 --> 00:11:59,559 Speaker 1: is no negative mass you can use to newgate gravity. 213 00:11:59,600 --> 00:12:04,680 Speaker 1: That's why anti gravity is much trickier than anti electromagnetism. 214 00:12:04,679 --> 00:12:08,400 Speaker 1: So in a metal box, there are positive and negative 215 00:12:08,440 --> 00:12:14,720 Speaker 1: particles that cancel out the fours that normally would go through. 216 00:12:15,160 --> 00:12:17,320 Speaker 1: But you're saying that with gravity, we can't do that 217 00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:22,319 Speaker 1: because there's only one kind of gravity charge. Yeah, exactly, 218 00:12:22,559 --> 00:12:24,080 Speaker 1: And that's why it has to be a metal box. 219 00:12:24,120 --> 00:12:26,400 Speaker 1: So the metal box has those charges that can move around. 220 00:12:26,440 --> 00:12:28,440 Speaker 1: If you're in a wooden box, then it doesn't have 221 00:12:28,480 --> 00:12:31,200 Speaker 1: extra electrons which can be rearranged to cancel out the 222 00:12:31,240 --> 00:12:34,200 Speaker 1: electromagnetic field that's coming from the outside. That's why a 223 00:12:34,240 --> 00:12:37,000 Speaker 1: Faraday cage has to be made out of metal. So 224 00:12:37,080 --> 00:12:39,040 Speaker 1: if you don't want the government to snoop on you, 225 00:12:39,120 --> 00:12:40,760 Speaker 1: or you don't want able to listen to your cell phone, 226 00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:43,840 Speaker 1: then you can just get into a chain link box, right, 227 00:12:44,040 --> 00:12:46,840 Speaker 1: make yourself offense, or find your dog kennel or something 228 00:12:46,920 --> 00:12:49,440 Speaker 1: right where you keep your dog at night and crawl 229 00:12:49,480 --> 00:12:52,640 Speaker 1: into there and nobody can snoop on your cell phone. 230 00:12:52,679 --> 00:12:55,080 Speaker 1: You can't get any cell phone calls right, right. Well, 231 00:12:55,080 --> 00:12:56,840 Speaker 1: when you have to ground, you have to ground it, right, 232 00:12:56,960 --> 00:12:59,480 Speaker 1: like you have to connected to electrical round. Yeah, it 233 00:12:59,480 --> 00:13:02,400 Speaker 1: has to be ounded you all right, Well, let's think 234 00:13:02,400 --> 00:13:06,600 Speaker 1: about what are other ways that you could make anti gravity? Right? So, 235 00:13:06,880 --> 00:13:09,560 Speaker 1: how could anti gravity actually work? Let's talk about that, 236 00:13:09,600 --> 00:13:24,800 Speaker 1: but first let's take a break. Okay, So anti gravity 237 00:13:24,880 --> 00:13:29,680 Speaker 1: the idea of making something that is not affected by gravity, 238 00:13:29,920 --> 00:13:35,120 Speaker 1: or creating a space that is not affected by gravity 239 00:13:35,160 --> 00:13:38,120 Speaker 1: where gravitational forces can get to you. That's right, you 240 00:13:38,120 --> 00:13:40,880 Speaker 1: have to come up with some way to negate gravity. 241 00:13:41,080 --> 00:13:43,720 Speaker 1: And um, you know it sounds pretty difficult, and what 242 00:13:43,760 --> 00:13:46,200 Speaker 1: I said earlier about not having any negative mass make 243 00:13:46,280 --> 00:13:49,160 Speaker 1: this sound pretty hard. Um, but you know there are 244 00:13:49,240 --> 00:13:51,520 Speaker 1: some possibilities. There are some things people are working on, 245 00:13:51,600 --> 00:13:55,160 Speaker 1: something ways people think about that one day might eventually 246 00:13:55,280 --> 00:13:57,760 Speaker 1: lead to anti gravity. Okay, so what are what are 247 00:13:57,760 --> 00:14:00,719 Speaker 1: these possibilities? Well, one of them has to do with antimatter. 248 00:14:00,840 --> 00:14:03,720 Speaker 1: We talked about antimatter in another podcast and for those 249 00:14:03,720 --> 00:14:05,760 Speaker 1: of you who haven't listened to it yet, antimatter is 250 00:14:05,800 --> 00:14:09,320 Speaker 1: a form of matter where most of the things are flipped. So, 251 00:14:09,440 --> 00:14:13,120 Speaker 1: for example, the opposite of an electron is a positron. 252 00:14:13,200 --> 00:14:16,000 Speaker 1: Instead of having a negative charge, it has a positive charge. 253 00:14:16,280 --> 00:14:19,640 Speaker 1: So the positron is the antimatter version of the electron. 254 00:14:20,160 --> 00:14:22,440 Speaker 1: And we don't understand a lot of things about antimatter, 255 00:14:22,520 --> 00:14:24,880 Speaker 1: like why it exists at all, but why there's very 256 00:14:24,920 --> 00:14:27,040 Speaker 1: little of it, why the universe is matter of matter 257 00:14:27,120 --> 00:14:30,520 Speaker 1: or not antimatter. But antimatter is a real thing, and 258 00:14:30,520 --> 00:14:32,400 Speaker 1: we can create in the laboratory. We do it as 259 00:14:32,400 --> 00:14:34,800 Speaker 1: certain all the time, and we can play with it. 260 00:14:35,160 --> 00:14:38,040 Speaker 1: And one of the interesting things about antimatter is that 261 00:14:38,080 --> 00:14:40,960 Speaker 1: we don't know what kind of gravity it feels like. 262 00:14:41,080 --> 00:14:44,800 Speaker 1: We know that antimatter has the opposite electric charge of matter, 263 00:14:45,080 --> 00:14:49,080 Speaker 1: so it feels electromagnetism the opposite way. What does it 264 00:14:49,120 --> 00:14:52,320 Speaker 1: feel about gravity. We know it has positive mass, but 265 00:14:52,400 --> 00:14:54,560 Speaker 1: there's some theories of physics that say it could have 266 00:14:54,960 --> 00:14:59,480 Speaker 1: negative gravity, negative meaning it responds to gravity in the 267 00:14:59,520 --> 00:15:02,520 Speaker 1: opposite way. Exactly. There could just be a minus sign there, 268 00:15:02,840 --> 00:15:05,560 Speaker 1: because antimatter has a lot of minus signs where normal 269 00:15:05,600 --> 00:15:09,000 Speaker 1: matter has positive signs. And so it's entirely possible that 270 00:15:09,040 --> 00:15:13,960 Speaker 1: antimatter feels um gravity the other way that it's a 271 00:15:14,120 --> 00:15:16,960 Speaker 1: for antimatter, gravity is not an attractive force, but a 272 00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:21,760 Speaker 1: repulsive force against everything else, that's right, Yeah, against everything 273 00:15:21,800 --> 00:15:24,120 Speaker 1: that has mass. And so, for example, if you brought 274 00:15:24,200 --> 00:15:27,560 Speaker 1: matter and antimatter together, if they were electrically neutral, so 275 00:15:27,600 --> 00:15:30,960 Speaker 1: there are no other forces, then um, you know, one 276 00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:33,760 Speaker 1: would be the matter would be attracted to the antimatter, 277 00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:37,160 Speaker 1: but the antimatter would be repulsed from the matter. What, 278 00:15:37,560 --> 00:15:42,800 Speaker 1: so they would be continually chasing each other. Yeah, exactly, 279 00:15:42,800 --> 00:15:47,520 Speaker 1: that would be pretty crazy, right, Well, what, yeah, it's 280 00:15:47,600 --> 00:15:50,000 Speaker 1: it's it sounds ridiculous. It sounds like I'm making this up. 281 00:15:50,040 --> 00:15:52,160 Speaker 1: It sounds like I've been smoking too many of ann appeals. 282 00:15:52,160 --> 00:15:55,240 Speaker 1: But it's honestly a real possibility. Now, in order to 283 00:15:55,240 --> 00:15:57,600 Speaker 1: investigate this, we've been studying it. We've been trying to 284 00:15:57,680 --> 00:16:00,560 Speaker 1: make antimatter and we have. We've made peak grams of 285 00:16:00,560 --> 00:16:03,680 Speaker 1: antimatter in the lab in order to study it and see, like, 286 00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:06,200 Speaker 1: is antimatter the same as matter except for having these 287 00:16:06,240 --> 00:16:09,720 Speaker 1: flipped charges. And we've answered all those questions. But the 288 00:16:09,760 --> 00:16:12,120 Speaker 1: problem is that we haven't made enough anti matter. It's 289 00:16:12,160 --> 00:16:14,440 Speaker 1: pretty tricky to make anti matter to hold it and 290 00:16:14,440 --> 00:16:16,800 Speaker 1: to do experiments with it, and you need a lot 291 00:16:16,800 --> 00:16:19,480 Speaker 1: of antimatter to test these theories just because gravity is 292 00:16:19,480 --> 00:16:22,200 Speaker 1: so weak. Right. Remember gravity is the weakest force in 293 00:16:22,240 --> 00:16:25,320 Speaker 1: the universe by a huge amount. So to test the 294 00:16:25,320 --> 00:16:27,840 Speaker 1: theory of gravity, you need like a chunk of the stuff. 295 00:16:28,120 --> 00:16:31,320 Speaker 1: And we've made pico grams of it. Wow. So I'm 296 00:16:31,360 --> 00:16:33,560 Speaker 1: just I'm still trying to wrap my my head around 297 00:16:33,560 --> 00:16:37,440 Speaker 1: this idea of something having anti gravity instead of having 298 00:16:37,680 --> 00:16:40,760 Speaker 1: positive gravity. I know now you're excited, right you started 299 00:16:40,760 --> 00:16:42,920 Speaker 1: off this podcast You're like this is crazy, and then 300 00:16:42,920 --> 00:16:46,280 Speaker 1: you're like, wait, this is a great idea. So, like 301 00:16:46,320 --> 00:16:50,120 Speaker 1: a little ball of this antimatter would just not it 302 00:16:50,160 --> 00:16:52,400 Speaker 1: wouldn't fall down to the Earth. It would try to 303 00:16:52,480 --> 00:16:55,000 Speaker 1: leave the Earth as quickly as possible. Yeah, it would 304 00:16:55,040 --> 00:16:58,600 Speaker 1: feel the Earth's gravitational field the opposite way, right, Yeah, 305 00:16:58,960 --> 00:17:02,440 Speaker 1: would it would would stay together, Like would an antimatter 306 00:17:02,560 --> 00:17:06,560 Speaker 1: particle be attracted to another antibioto particle through gravity? Well, 307 00:17:06,560 --> 00:17:10,000 Speaker 1: that's a great question. If they both have negative gravity, 308 00:17:10,160 --> 00:17:13,560 Speaker 1: then if they then two negative charges would probably attract 309 00:17:13,560 --> 00:17:16,640 Speaker 1: each other and a positive negative would repel each other. 310 00:17:17,320 --> 00:17:20,320 Speaker 1: So you could have a whole planet of anti gravity stuff, 311 00:17:20,960 --> 00:17:23,320 Speaker 1: but it would just being It would just constantly be 312 00:17:23,359 --> 00:17:27,400 Speaker 1: trying to be as far away from everything else as possible. Yeah, exactly. 313 00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:31,000 Speaker 1: And you know, there's another really tricky question there, which 314 00:17:31,200 --> 00:17:34,959 Speaker 1: is about the kind of about what we mean by mass, 315 00:17:35,080 --> 00:17:38,199 Speaker 1: right with it's actually two definitions of mass. What is 316 00:17:38,320 --> 00:17:42,240 Speaker 1: gravitational mass, which means how are you affected by gravity? Right, 317 00:17:42,560 --> 00:17:45,000 Speaker 1: you are pulled down by the Earth because you have mass. 318 00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:48,000 Speaker 1: That's the gravitational mass. But there's a whole other concept 319 00:17:48,040 --> 00:17:50,879 Speaker 1: of mass called inertial mass, and this has to do 320 00:17:50,920 --> 00:17:54,520 Speaker 1: with F equals m. A force is mass times acceleration. 321 00:17:54,920 --> 00:17:57,439 Speaker 1: It says how much do you move when you're pushed? 322 00:17:57,880 --> 00:17:59,880 Speaker 1: So if you get a big push, you move more. 323 00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:02,159 Speaker 1: You get a little push, you move less. Right, But 324 00:18:02,200 --> 00:18:04,639 Speaker 1: it's also this question of mass that's the M and 325 00:18:04,760 --> 00:18:07,920 Speaker 1: F equals m A. If you push something really small 326 00:18:07,960 --> 00:18:10,320 Speaker 1: like a ping pong ball, it goes pretty far. If 327 00:18:10,359 --> 00:18:13,119 Speaker 1: you push something really heavy, like a boulder, it doesn't 328 00:18:13,119 --> 00:18:16,919 Speaker 1: go as far right, so the mass affects it. And 329 00:18:16,960 --> 00:18:19,080 Speaker 1: for most things in the universe that we've ever studied, 330 00:18:19,160 --> 00:18:21,920 Speaker 1: those two things are exactly the same. They're different concepts, 331 00:18:22,160 --> 00:18:24,840 Speaker 1: but they're identical when we measure them. Right, everything we've 332 00:18:24,840 --> 00:18:28,040 Speaker 1: ever seen has the same gravitational and inertial mass. But 333 00:18:28,760 --> 00:18:32,000 Speaker 1: it would be really weird if antimatter had the opposite 334 00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:35,840 Speaker 1: gravitational mass but like the same inertial mass, or even 335 00:18:35,880 --> 00:18:39,400 Speaker 1: weirder would be have opposite inertial mass, which would mean, 336 00:18:39,440 --> 00:18:43,320 Speaker 1: like you push it left and it goes right. What, Yeah, 337 00:18:43,359 --> 00:18:46,040 Speaker 1: if you had opposite if you had negative inertial mass, 338 00:18:46,080 --> 00:18:50,400 Speaker 1: it seems impossible. Well, that's just because it's unfamiliar. Right now, 339 00:18:50,440 --> 00:18:52,000 Speaker 1: this is the kind of thing we've actually tested. So 340 00:18:52,040 --> 00:18:54,239 Speaker 1: we've done experiments with antimatter. We know that they have 341 00:18:54,440 --> 00:18:58,360 Speaker 1: positive inertial mass because we can manipulate it, right. We've 342 00:18:58,400 --> 00:19:01,800 Speaker 1: even built accelerators like the a Tron collider at Fermilab 343 00:19:02,320 --> 00:19:05,320 Speaker 1: used anti protons, and so we know what happens when 344 00:19:05,320 --> 00:19:07,119 Speaker 1: you push a piece of anti matter. We know it 345 00:19:07,119 --> 00:19:10,119 Speaker 1: has positive inertial mass. You can't tell if it's falling 346 00:19:10,119 --> 00:19:12,040 Speaker 1: down to the Earth, like you can't tell if you 347 00:19:12,080 --> 00:19:14,200 Speaker 1: need to hold it up for it to be there. Yeah, 348 00:19:14,240 --> 00:19:16,440 Speaker 1: because what is the gravitational force on a proton? It's 349 00:19:16,480 --> 00:19:19,600 Speaker 1: so tiny, because the massive proton is so tiny, all 350 00:19:19,640 --> 00:19:22,520 Speaker 1: the other forces are thousands and millions and billions of 351 00:19:22,560 --> 00:19:26,040 Speaker 1: times stronger. So it's almost impossible to measure the gravitational 352 00:19:26,080 --> 00:19:28,919 Speaker 1: force on a proton because it's so close to zero. Right, 353 00:19:28,960 --> 00:19:31,200 Speaker 1: But if you just left it alone, wouldn't it fall 354 00:19:31,359 --> 00:19:33,760 Speaker 1: up or fall down? Yeah? But if you have an 355 00:19:33,760 --> 00:19:36,280 Speaker 1: anti proton and you just leave it alone, it's going 356 00:19:36,359 --> 00:19:39,679 Speaker 1: to interact with everything around it. Right. It's it's almost 357 00:19:39,680 --> 00:19:42,639 Speaker 1: impossible to have an anti proton and have it be 358 00:19:42,920 --> 00:19:46,240 Speaker 1: nowhere near any other matter and have no electric magnetic 359 00:19:46,280 --> 00:19:48,920 Speaker 1: fields at all, so that you cancel everything else out. 360 00:19:49,400 --> 00:19:51,800 Speaker 1: That's a pretty difficult experiment to do. And so I 361 00:19:51,800 --> 00:19:53,159 Speaker 1: mean they're trying to do that kind of thing, and 362 00:19:53,160 --> 00:19:55,640 Speaker 1: they've they've built blobs of matter to play with them 363 00:19:55,680 --> 00:19:58,480 Speaker 1: at cern, but they don't have enough where they can 364 00:19:58,520 --> 00:20:01,800 Speaker 1: register the gravitational force on an antiparticle. That's just not 365 00:20:01,920 --> 00:20:04,800 Speaker 1: something we know yet. And it's amazing when such a 366 00:20:04,800 --> 00:20:08,120 Speaker 1: basic question about antimatter, like which way does it feel gravity, 367 00:20:08,480 --> 00:20:10,439 Speaker 1: we just don't know the answer because we don't have 368 00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:12,119 Speaker 1: enough of it. We haven't been able to do the 369 00:20:12,160 --> 00:20:14,720 Speaker 1: experiment yet. We haven't been able to ask the universe 370 00:20:14,760 --> 00:20:17,399 Speaker 1: that question, so that answer is out there waiting for us. 371 00:20:17,640 --> 00:20:20,240 Speaker 1: So you're saying that we as humans can make stuff 372 00:20:20,480 --> 00:20:24,280 Speaker 1: that might possibly be anti gravity. We can make antimatter 373 00:20:24,440 --> 00:20:29,320 Speaker 1: which might be anti gravity, might float naturally. That's right. Yeah. Um, 374 00:20:29,359 --> 00:20:31,359 Speaker 1: The problem, of course is that we can't make a 375 00:20:31,359 --> 00:20:34,400 Speaker 1: lot of it. It's pretty difficult, which makes it pretty 376 00:20:34,440 --> 00:20:36,960 Speaker 1: which means you know, making your hoverboard is gonna be 377 00:20:37,000 --> 00:20:39,479 Speaker 1: pretty far down the list. And the other problem is 378 00:20:39,920 --> 00:20:42,040 Speaker 1: if you make an anti matter hoverboard, like, you're not 379 00:20:42,040 --> 00:20:43,920 Speaker 1: gonna want to stand on it unless you're made of 380 00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:47,000 Speaker 1: anti person, unless you're an anti person made of antimatter, 381 00:20:47,119 --> 00:20:51,560 Speaker 1: because if normal matter stands on anti matter hoverboard, kaboom, Right, 382 00:20:52,160 --> 00:20:54,680 Speaker 1: that's the trope from science fiction, which is actually true 383 00:20:54,800 --> 00:20:58,800 Speaker 1: matter meeting anti matter big explosions. So anti matter would 384 00:20:58,840 --> 00:21:01,280 Speaker 1: be even if it was anti gravity, it would be 385 00:21:01,320 --> 00:21:04,760 Speaker 1: a bad idea to make stuff out of it. Yeah, 386 00:21:04,760 --> 00:21:07,960 Speaker 1: I wouldn't recommend it. And I also wouldn't recommend investing 387 00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:10,960 Speaker 1: in your friends venture capital firm which is investing in 388 00:21:10,960 --> 00:21:14,119 Speaker 1: an anti gravity technology based on anti matter not likely 389 00:21:14,119 --> 00:21:19,600 Speaker 1: to succeed. Not for your safety, just for your bank account. 390 00:21:19,760 --> 00:21:22,360 Speaker 1: That's right. Free financial advice from a physicist who knows 391 00:21:22,400 --> 00:21:24,960 Speaker 1: nothing about finance, that's right. Don't invest in things that 392 00:21:25,080 --> 00:21:29,879 Speaker 1: might explode or destroy the universe unless they're designed to explode, 393 00:21:29,920 --> 00:21:33,240 Speaker 1: in which case, invest away, right, right, But then you 394 00:21:33,320 --> 00:21:40,560 Speaker 1: have blood in your hands, that's right. You know that 395 00:21:40,600 --> 00:21:43,280 Speaker 1: brings us to another way to think about gravity, because 396 00:21:43,680 --> 00:21:46,000 Speaker 1: you know, we've been talking about gravity sort of in 397 00:21:46,040 --> 00:21:49,439 Speaker 1: the context of Newton's ideas about gravity, where you have 398 00:21:49,520 --> 00:21:51,480 Speaker 1: two blobs and you think of gravity is like a 399 00:21:51,560 --> 00:21:55,720 Speaker 1: force between those blobs, right, negative mass, positive mass, negative 400 00:21:55,760 --> 00:21:58,159 Speaker 1: forces whatever. But you know, we have a more modern 401 00:21:58,200 --> 00:22:01,560 Speaker 1: way of thinking about gravity, and that's as a bending 402 00:22:01,600 --> 00:22:05,240 Speaker 1: of space, meaning that when something is attracted to you 403 00:22:05,320 --> 00:22:07,840 Speaker 1: by gravity, it's not that there's a fourth between you. 404 00:22:08,119 --> 00:22:11,199 Speaker 1: It's just that the shape of space time between the 405 00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:14,960 Speaker 1: two of you is bending to bring you together. That's right. Exactly, 406 00:22:15,200 --> 00:22:17,159 Speaker 1: So you can ask like, why does the Earth go 407 00:22:17,240 --> 00:22:19,680 Speaker 1: around the Sun? Well, Newton would say there's a force 408 00:22:19,720 --> 00:22:22,480 Speaker 1: of gravity, but Einstein would say, no, the Sun has 409 00:22:22,640 --> 00:22:25,320 Speaker 1: bent space in such a way that moving in a 410 00:22:25,400 --> 00:22:27,720 Speaker 1: circle seems to be going in a straight line. That's 411 00:22:27,760 --> 00:22:30,520 Speaker 1: the simplest path, the path of least resistance, is just 412 00:22:30,840 --> 00:22:33,520 Speaker 1: moving in a straight line around the Sun. So from 413 00:22:33,600 --> 00:22:36,359 Speaker 1: that point of view, right, gravity is the bending of space. 414 00:22:36,400 --> 00:22:38,560 Speaker 1: And a common way to think about this is, you know, 415 00:22:38,600 --> 00:22:41,680 Speaker 1: imagine a rubber sheet and a bowling ball bend space, 416 00:22:41,960 --> 00:22:43,879 Speaker 1: and you have a marble that goes around in that 417 00:22:44,040 --> 00:22:47,719 Speaker 1: inside that depression the gravity. Well, right, So from that 418 00:22:47,760 --> 00:22:50,879 Speaker 1: point of view, it's much trickier to imagine how you 419 00:22:50,920 --> 00:22:55,520 Speaker 1: could avoid gravity, right, because to avoid gravity, shield yourself 420 00:22:55,560 --> 00:22:59,040 Speaker 1: from gravity, to negate gravity would mean sort of unbending 421 00:22:59,160 --> 00:23:02,359 Speaker 1: the space only in your local area, right, how you 422 00:23:02,400 --> 00:23:05,880 Speaker 1: have to like cancel out the bending of space. But wait, 423 00:23:05,880 --> 00:23:08,439 Speaker 1: what do you need to unbend, for example, to space 424 00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:12,680 Speaker 1: around Earth? You know, like that's would be huge, Like 425 00:23:12,720 --> 00:23:15,960 Speaker 1: the Earth I'm sure is bending space a lot, right, Absolutely, 426 00:23:15,960 --> 00:23:17,520 Speaker 1: you can feel it, right, you can feel because it's 427 00:23:17,520 --> 00:23:20,280 Speaker 1: pulling you down, You're sliding down that gravity. Well in 428 00:23:20,359 --> 00:23:23,439 Speaker 1: bent space towards the center of the Earth to you 429 00:23:23,520 --> 00:23:27,159 Speaker 1: on the Earth just around me. Correct that little bending 430 00:23:27,160 --> 00:23:29,560 Speaker 1: of space. Yeah exactly. I like how you say correct, 431 00:23:29,640 --> 00:23:32,760 Speaker 1: like it's the natural way of things. Would be for you, 432 00:23:32,880 --> 00:23:35,040 Speaker 1: for Jorge to float above the ground like the Buddha 433 00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:38,880 Speaker 1: or something. Um, that's a nice image. Um, yeah exactly. 434 00:23:38,920 --> 00:23:41,640 Speaker 1: So from the general relativistic point of view, the way 435 00:23:41,680 --> 00:23:44,080 Speaker 1: to do would be to somehow make space flat or 436 00:23:44,160 --> 00:23:49,240 Speaker 1: only around you, right, And that's pretty hard to imagine. Yeah, unbended, right, 437 00:23:49,680 --> 00:23:51,879 Speaker 1: And that's pretty hard to imagine because you'd have to 438 00:23:51,920 --> 00:23:55,320 Speaker 1: have something which bends space. The other way that that 439 00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:57,600 Speaker 1: Earth does, right, Earth is bending space, and one way 440 00:23:57,640 --> 00:24:00,919 Speaker 1: you have to sort of oppose that, not climb up 441 00:24:00,920 --> 00:24:04,000 Speaker 1: the gravity. Well, but like unbend space. Oh, I see 442 00:24:04,000 --> 00:24:07,000 Speaker 1: you're saying. To to achieve anti gravity, I don't have 443 00:24:07,080 --> 00:24:10,840 Speaker 1: to myself become anti gravity, I just have to affect 444 00:24:10,960 --> 00:24:15,800 Speaker 1: the space time around me, exactly like unbended from distortion 445 00:24:15,840 --> 00:24:19,679 Speaker 1: of the planet Earth. Yeah, exactly. Imagine you're imagine the 446 00:24:19,680 --> 00:24:22,520 Speaker 1: earth gravitational field as like a bowl, right, and you're 447 00:24:22,560 --> 00:24:25,159 Speaker 1: on the slippery side of it. Okay, so Earth is 448 00:24:25,200 --> 00:24:28,160 Speaker 1: pulling you down and then imagine instead, you can create 449 00:24:28,160 --> 00:24:29,960 Speaker 1: a ledge. You can flatten it so you have a 450 00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:32,280 Speaker 1: place to stand, so that no longer is the Earth 451 00:24:32,359 --> 00:24:35,080 Speaker 1: pulling on you. Right, that's that's the idea, is to 452 00:24:35,240 --> 00:24:37,800 Speaker 1: create a flat spot in space all around you so 453 00:24:37,840 --> 00:24:39,879 Speaker 1: that you're not sliding down towards the center of the 454 00:24:39,880 --> 00:24:42,719 Speaker 1: Earth anymore. I see. So that's kind of a roundabout way, right, 455 00:24:42,720 --> 00:24:45,720 Speaker 1: because you're not you're not trying to cancel gravity. You're 456 00:24:45,760 --> 00:24:49,640 Speaker 1: just trying to reshape spacetime. Yeah, but remember Einstein says 457 00:24:49,800 --> 00:24:53,040 Speaker 1: that the shape of spacetime is gravity. That's what gravity is. 458 00:24:53,040 --> 00:24:55,960 Speaker 1: Gravity is just us feeling the shape of spacetime. That 459 00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:58,480 Speaker 1: there is no force. Gravity is not a force, It's 460 00:24:58,520 --> 00:25:01,520 Speaker 1: just the results of spacetime being bent by various pieces 461 00:25:01,560 --> 00:25:04,240 Speaker 1: of matter and energy. Right. But I'm saying, if you 462 00:25:04,280 --> 00:25:08,119 Speaker 1: can find a way to bend space time, then you 463 00:25:08,119 --> 00:25:12,000 Speaker 1: could technically achieve anti gravity. Yeah, exactly. And so how 464 00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:14,440 Speaker 1: do you do that? How is that possible? Right? Well, 465 00:25:14,760 --> 00:25:18,119 Speaker 1: you know, according to Einstein's theory, what you would have 466 00:25:18,200 --> 00:25:21,400 Speaker 1: to have is something which has in the opposite effect. 467 00:25:21,520 --> 00:25:25,800 Speaker 1: And so there is this concept it's called exotic matter. 468 00:25:26,160 --> 00:25:28,320 Speaker 1: When we dug into it, a little bit. On another 469 00:25:28,359 --> 00:25:31,840 Speaker 1: podcast episode, we were talking about wormholes and the idea 470 00:25:32,160 --> 00:25:35,680 Speaker 1: is that you could have matter with negative mass. Right, 471 00:25:35,720 --> 00:25:39,280 Speaker 1: So this is not antimatter with positive mass that feels 472 00:25:39,560 --> 00:25:42,400 Speaker 1: gravity the opposite way. This is something which actually has 473 00:25:42,560 --> 00:25:46,320 Speaker 1: negative mass. That's right, And uh yeah, let's talk about 474 00:25:46,320 --> 00:26:01,679 Speaker 1: that a little bit more. But first quick break, So 475 00:26:01,720 --> 00:26:05,200 Speaker 1: what's the difference between exotic matter and something like antimatter? 476 00:26:05,600 --> 00:26:09,160 Speaker 1: Is an antimatter exotic antimatter? It's pretty weird, but exotic 477 00:26:09,240 --> 00:26:12,760 Speaker 1: matter is different. So, first of all, antimatter is real. Okay, 478 00:26:12,760 --> 00:26:14,720 Speaker 1: if we've seen it, we've made it, we know it's 479 00:26:14,800 --> 00:26:18,320 Speaker 1: their Nobel Prizes have been awarded for it, so it's 480 00:26:18,320 --> 00:26:21,760 Speaker 1: a real thing. Nobody's anti antimatter, that's right. I am 481 00:26:21,840 --> 00:26:26,240 Speaker 1: pro antimatter um, and which makes me just matter. I guess. Hey, 482 00:26:26,280 --> 00:26:30,639 Speaker 1: look finally I matter. Um. Now it's terrible joke, but 483 00:26:30,920 --> 00:26:33,800 Speaker 1: exotic matter is not. It's just theoretical. Now. The difference 484 00:26:33,920 --> 00:26:38,439 Speaker 1: is antimatter we know has positive mass, okay um, and 485 00:26:38,600 --> 00:26:41,560 Speaker 1: but exotic matter we think would have negative mass, right, 486 00:26:41,600 --> 00:26:44,280 Speaker 1: which is a really weird concept. What does that even mean? Like, 487 00:26:44,359 --> 00:26:46,320 Speaker 1: the more you have of it, the easier it would 488 00:26:46,359 --> 00:26:48,800 Speaker 1: be to push, or if you push it it would 489 00:26:48,920 --> 00:26:52,920 Speaker 1: come back at you. Yeah, exactly. Um, it has negative mass, 490 00:26:52,920 --> 00:26:55,720 Speaker 1: which means if it has negative inertial mass, and we 491 00:26:55,720 --> 00:26:57,720 Speaker 1: don't know, but if it had negative inertial mass, it 492 00:26:57,720 --> 00:26:59,879 Speaker 1: would mean if you push it, it comes back against 493 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:01,920 Speaker 1: it right. You push it left and it goes right. 494 00:27:02,720 --> 00:27:06,800 Speaker 1: So fff equals like minus m a essentially um if 495 00:27:06,840 --> 00:27:09,760 Speaker 1: it has negative inertial mass. But the hope is it 496 00:27:09,800 --> 00:27:14,080 Speaker 1: has negative gravitational mass, and um, you know this is cool. 497 00:27:14,160 --> 00:27:18,159 Speaker 1: Concept was sort of invented in order to stabilize theoretical wormholes. 498 00:27:18,320 --> 00:27:20,760 Speaker 1: Nobody's ever seen exotic matter, and nobody even knows if 499 00:27:20,760 --> 00:27:24,760 Speaker 1: it exists. It's allowed in the equations, which puts on 500 00:27:24,840 --> 00:27:27,520 Speaker 1: a list of like stuff that could exist, but we 501 00:27:27,560 --> 00:27:30,159 Speaker 1: don't know if it actually does. And some of that 502 00:27:30,200 --> 00:27:31,960 Speaker 1: stuff on that list has turned out to be real, 503 00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:33,880 Speaker 1: you know, like black holes was for a long time 504 00:27:34,720 --> 00:27:38,800 Speaker 1: theoretically possible but never observed. Now observed definitely exists. So 505 00:27:38,880 --> 00:27:42,199 Speaker 1: exotic matter might be real, but we don't know how 506 00:27:42,240 --> 00:27:43,960 Speaker 1: to make it. We need that The equations of the 507 00:27:44,040 --> 00:27:46,800 Speaker 1: universe say that technically you can't you can't have this 508 00:27:46,880 --> 00:27:49,119 Speaker 1: kind of matter. We just never have never seen it. 509 00:27:49,280 --> 00:27:51,280 Speaker 1: That's right, we've never seen it before, so we don't. 510 00:27:51,359 --> 00:27:55,000 Speaker 1: It's called exotic because because it's a crazy idea. It 511 00:27:55,040 --> 00:27:58,200 Speaker 1: should have been called crazy loony tunes matter because it's 512 00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:00,480 Speaker 1: it's just a suit. It's this silly idea. Um. But 513 00:28:00,560 --> 00:28:02,720 Speaker 1: you know, it's like, let's invent It's sort of like 514 00:28:02,920 --> 00:28:04,919 Speaker 1: the argument is like this, what would you need to 515 00:28:04,960 --> 00:28:07,919 Speaker 1: solve this problem of wormholes and anti gravity? Okay, well 516 00:28:07,960 --> 00:28:10,879 Speaker 1: you need something like this, Well, could that possibly exist? 517 00:28:11,119 --> 00:28:13,560 Speaker 1: Let's check the math. The math, sois that could exist? 518 00:28:13,600 --> 00:28:16,119 Speaker 1: All right, go out and find it. So it's a 519 00:28:16,160 --> 00:28:19,080 Speaker 1: reasonable way to proceed. Yeah, we're just we're just stuck 520 00:28:19,080 --> 00:28:20,879 Speaker 1: on that. Go out and find it. Point. Okay, So 521 00:28:20,920 --> 00:28:27,080 Speaker 1: this exotic matter might have negative mass, which what you 522 00:28:27,080 --> 00:28:30,679 Speaker 1: could use potentially to reshape space time around you so 523 00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:33,920 Speaker 1: that you don't feel graphic exactly. And there's there's one 524 00:28:34,040 --> 00:28:37,119 Speaker 1: more way to use general relativity to maybe reshape space. 525 00:28:37,400 --> 00:28:40,800 Speaker 1: And this is both more plausible and less plausible at 526 00:28:40,800 --> 00:28:43,000 Speaker 1: the same time if you believe that it's a short 527 00:28:43,040 --> 00:28:48,880 Speaker 1: angers matter exactly, and that's to use something called inflationary matter. 528 00:28:49,560 --> 00:28:53,040 Speaker 1: So if you ask, like, can gravity ever be repulsive 529 00:28:53,320 --> 00:28:55,280 Speaker 1: and we said earlier that in order for gravity to 530 00:28:55,320 --> 00:28:58,080 Speaker 1: be repulsive, you need to have negative mass of some sort. 531 00:28:58,320 --> 00:29:02,160 Speaker 1: That's not exactly true, because general relativity tells us that 532 00:29:02,360 --> 00:29:06,280 Speaker 1: it's not just mass that bends space, it's energy, and 533 00:29:06,320 --> 00:29:08,840 Speaker 1: it doesn't in a really complex way. It's a combination 534 00:29:08,840 --> 00:29:11,200 Speaker 1: of mass and energy. And it turns out there are 535 00:29:11,240 --> 00:29:14,640 Speaker 1: ways to arrange matter and energy so that you get 536 00:29:14,800 --> 00:29:19,400 Speaker 1: negative pressure, because general relativity is really mathematically complicated, and 537 00:29:19,440 --> 00:29:22,240 Speaker 1: there are some fancy ways to arrange stuff so that 538 00:29:22,320 --> 00:29:25,320 Speaker 1: gravity becomes repulsive. What do you mean arrange? What does 539 00:29:25,320 --> 00:29:27,920 Speaker 1: that mean, like put it in a certain configuration or 540 00:29:28,520 --> 00:29:31,280 Speaker 1: do weird things to it? I don't know what. I 541 00:29:31,280 --> 00:29:32,880 Speaker 1: don't know what kind of weird things you want to 542 00:29:32,920 --> 00:29:36,560 Speaker 1: do to your matter? Boy, I'm glad that this is 543 00:29:36,560 --> 00:29:40,200 Speaker 1: a podcast. It's audio only at this point. Um. But yeah, 544 00:29:40,280 --> 00:29:42,520 Speaker 1: there's certain arrangements. And so for those of you are 545 00:29:42,600 --> 00:29:44,560 Speaker 1: very technically minded, you can google this and read all 546 00:29:44,600 --> 00:29:47,560 Speaker 1: about the mass energy tensor, which is used to calculate 547 00:29:47,840 --> 00:29:51,840 Speaker 1: gravitational forces in general relativity, and there are ways to 548 00:29:51,840 --> 00:29:54,800 Speaker 1: to arrange that in such a way to get negative pressure. 549 00:29:54,840 --> 00:29:57,960 Speaker 1: And you might think, what this sounds cookie It sounds crazy. Well, 550 00:29:57,960 --> 00:30:00,880 Speaker 1: the reason it's called inflationary math or is that we 551 00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:03,400 Speaker 1: think it might have existed in the very first few 552 00:30:03,440 --> 00:30:07,720 Speaker 1: moments of the universe and it's responsible for inflation. You know, 553 00:30:07,760 --> 00:30:12,080 Speaker 1: Inflation is the super huge, rapid stretching of space in 554 00:30:12,120 --> 00:30:15,640 Speaker 1: the first bill a second of the universe that made 555 00:30:15,640 --> 00:30:18,600 Speaker 1: the universe as big as it is. And so it's 556 00:30:18,680 --> 00:30:21,480 Speaker 1: less plausible because like, wow, how would you ever do that? 557 00:30:21,520 --> 00:30:23,680 Speaker 1: But it's more plausible because we think it might have 558 00:30:23,720 --> 00:30:27,480 Speaker 1: happened already. But wait, how is it different than exotic 559 00:30:27,520 --> 00:30:30,760 Speaker 1: matter or antimatter? Well, inflationary matter, what we don't know? 560 00:30:30,840 --> 00:30:32,959 Speaker 1: I mean this is we're like way out on the 561 00:30:33,080 --> 00:30:37,280 Speaker 1: edges of theoretical um speculation here. Um. There's lots of 562 00:30:37,280 --> 00:30:40,560 Speaker 1: different theories about how inflation happened. Um. Some of some 563 00:30:40,680 --> 00:30:46,040 Speaker 1: theories require some super kind of weird particle called an inflaton, right, 564 00:30:46,320 --> 00:30:50,880 Speaker 1: an infloton inflaton, I know is another craziest It causes inflation, like, 565 00:30:50,920 --> 00:30:52,960 Speaker 1: oh my god, my money is getting weaker. Somebody's been 566 00:30:52,960 --> 00:30:56,720 Speaker 1: shooting inflotons at me. Um. So that's one idea is 567 00:30:56,720 --> 00:30:59,560 Speaker 1: it's a special kind of matter which causes it. Um. 568 00:30:59,600 --> 00:31:02,200 Speaker 1: So that that would basically be in the same categories exotically, 569 00:31:02,560 --> 00:31:05,000 Speaker 1: I see, it's like it's like a weird kind of 570 00:31:05,040 --> 00:31:10,080 Speaker 1: matter that feels gravity, has inertial regular inertial mass, but 571 00:31:10,240 --> 00:31:15,880 Speaker 1: somehow in its inner configuration it kind of ben space 572 00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:21,040 Speaker 1: the other way, inflate space instead of causing divid's for 573 00:31:21,120 --> 00:31:23,720 Speaker 1: you to fall into exactly right. And you know, we 574 00:31:23,760 --> 00:31:27,160 Speaker 1: are again we are way on the limb here of speculation. 575 00:31:27,240 --> 00:31:29,800 Speaker 1: And there's a lot of varieties of theories of inflotons. 576 00:31:29,840 --> 00:31:32,080 Speaker 1: It's not like one idea, it's like a whole family 577 00:31:32,120 --> 00:31:35,719 Speaker 1: of crazy ideas um And you know, some people think 578 00:31:35,760 --> 00:31:39,520 Speaker 1: about making inflationary matter out of weird configurations of normal matter, 579 00:31:40,000 --> 00:31:42,959 Speaker 1: and so you get pretty far out there. But again, 580 00:31:43,240 --> 00:31:45,959 Speaker 1: we think it might have existed. We use it as 581 00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:48,760 Speaker 1: a way to explain the way the universe inflated early on, 582 00:31:49,080 --> 00:31:50,560 Speaker 1: but we don't know how to make it. It's not 583 00:31:50,600 --> 00:31:53,560 Speaker 1: like we can create inflationary matter, we know anything else 584 00:31:53,600 --> 00:31:56,240 Speaker 1: about it. It's just it's another one of these sort 585 00:31:56,280 --> 00:31:59,320 Speaker 1: of empty boxes in the theory. We say, if this 586 00:31:59,400 --> 00:32:01,640 Speaker 1: kind of thing isisted, it would help solve this problem. 587 00:32:01,920 --> 00:32:03,440 Speaker 1: So let's check it out and see if we can 588 00:32:03,480 --> 00:32:05,960 Speaker 1: make it. We're nowhere close to even determining that it's 589 00:32:06,120 --> 00:32:08,480 Speaker 1: that it can exist in the universe, that it does exist, 590 00:32:08,760 --> 00:32:11,200 Speaker 1: not to mention being able to create it or use 591 00:32:11,240 --> 00:32:15,600 Speaker 1: it for something like consumer technologies. All right, Well, so 592 00:32:15,720 --> 00:32:18,640 Speaker 1: you're saying it may not be possible to with technology 593 00:32:18,840 --> 00:32:21,560 Speaker 1: or materials that we have now to somehow figure out 594 00:32:21,640 --> 00:32:26,840 Speaker 1: how to create some kind of field that that negates gravity. 595 00:32:26,880 --> 00:32:29,640 Speaker 1: That doesn't seem very likely. I would not bet on 596 00:32:29,640 --> 00:32:32,600 Speaker 1: that happening in the next few years. I would say theoretically, 597 00:32:32,640 --> 00:32:34,920 Speaker 1: there are some avenues you might be able to go 598 00:32:35,000 --> 00:32:37,160 Speaker 1: down to make it work. So I would not say 599 00:32:37,200 --> 00:32:40,520 Speaker 1: it's totally impossible, but I would say it's also very impractical. 600 00:32:40,720 --> 00:32:43,240 Speaker 1: But you know, there are people working on it. Really, 601 00:32:43,360 --> 00:32:47,360 Speaker 1: there are anti gravity researchers, that's right, or maybe gravity 602 00:32:47,400 --> 00:32:50,880 Speaker 1: anti researchers, based on how well respected they are. Even 603 00:32:50,960 --> 00:32:53,800 Speaker 1: there's a prize if you can demonstrate anti gravity you 604 00:32:53,800 --> 00:32:57,440 Speaker 1: can win a one million euro prize from this European 605 00:32:57,480 --> 00:33:00,480 Speaker 1: foundation that's seeking to stimulate research. And there are people 606 00:33:00,480 --> 00:33:02,040 Speaker 1: out there working on it. There are even people out 607 00:33:02,040 --> 00:33:05,480 Speaker 1: there who have claimed to invented anti gravity devices. Well, 608 00:33:05,680 --> 00:33:07,600 Speaker 1: I think there are people out there who claimed to 609 00:33:07,640 --> 00:33:11,880 Speaker 1: make zero gravity armchairs. That's right, That doesn't mean that 610 00:33:11,920 --> 00:33:14,280 Speaker 1: they are anti zero gravity. Yeah, if you want to 611 00:33:14,280 --> 00:33:16,320 Speaker 1: win the prize, just by one of those zero gravity 612 00:33:16,320 --> 00:33:18,440 Speaker 1: massage chairs, put some stamps on it and send it in. 613 00:33:18,920 --> 00:33:21,720 Speaker 1: Nobody's thought of that. There's a there's a sort of 614 00:33:21,840 --> 00:33:25,680 Speaker 1: famous or infamous guy named Pod Clifton Off, and he's 615 00:33:25,760 --> 00:33:29,200 Speaker 1: claimed to have developed anti gravity technology, and nobody has 616 00:33:29,240 --> 00:33:31,560 Speaker 1: been able to reproduce his results. I meaning he claimed 617 00:33:31,560 --> 00:33:33,720 Speaker 1: he made something that was antimatter, or he claimed to 618 00:33:33,760 --> 00:33:35,680 Speaker 1: have fun a way to you know, cancel out the 619 00:33:36,040 --> 00:33:39,560 Speaker 1: gravitational field of a planet. Right. He claims to have 620 00:33:39,680 --> 00:33:44,360 Speaker 1: made a device which can reduce the gravitational field of 621 00:33:44,440 --> 00:33:47,640 Speaker 1: the planet, and nobody knows how it works because it 622 00:33:47,720 --> 00:33:50,600 Speaker 1: doesn't um, And nobody's been able to reproduce his results. 623 00:33:50,640 --> 00:33:52,960 Speaker 1: And he always claims, oh, you haven't actually retried it 624 00:33:53,000 --> 00:33:54,560 Speaker 1: the way I did it, or you did it wrong 625 00:33:54,680 --> 00:33:57,600 Speaker 1: or whatever, but he's never let people like explore his 626 00:33:57,680 --> 00:34:01,360 Speaker 1: lab um and so it's a bit shape. Nobody really nobody, 627 00:34:01,400 --> 00:34:04,400 Speaker 1: no mainstream scientist takes these results seriously at all. But 628 00:34:04,680 --> 00:34:07,680 Speaker 1: people are out there working on it, and sometimes great 629 00:34:07,720 --> 00:34:10,719 Speaker 1: results come from the extremes right from the fringes. And 630 00:34:10,800 --> 00:34:12,799 Speaker 1: so I'm glad that people are out there tinkering and 631 00:34:12,840 --> 00:34:15,439 Speaker 1: maybe someday somebody will make it work, yeah, and win 632 00:34:15,480 --> 00:34:19,080 Speaker 1: a million euros just somehow doesn't seem like enough reward 633 00:34:19,520 --> 00:34:22,160 Speaker 1: or creating anti gravity. No. I think it probably costs 634 00:34:22,160 --> 00:34:25,400 Speaker 1: a lot more than a million euros to make anti gravity, right, 635 00:34:25,800 --> 00:34:27,880 Speaker 1: so it's not really a big enough prize. Plus if 636 00:34:27,920 --> 00:34:30,759 Speaker 1: you make anti gravity, oh my god, that technological applications 637 00:34:30,760 --> 00:34:33,560 Speaker 1: are huge, right, so you could be it's a bazillion 638 00:34:33,600 --> 00:34:36,560 Speaker 1: dollar invention. There is no way you're turning it over 639 00:34:36,600 --> 00:34:43,520 Speaker 1: to some foundation for a million euros. Well, let's talk 640 00:34:43,520 --> 00:34:46,200 Speaker 1: about that. I mean, how would the world change if 641 00:34:46,600 --> 00:34:50,480 Speaker 1: we somehow invented anti gravity? Like things would be pretty different, right, Yeah, 642 00:34:50,480 --> 00:34:54,560 Speaker 1: everything would be a lot lighter, right, Um, yeah you could. 643 00:34:54,640 --> 00:34:59,200 Speaker 1: I mean, transportation would would cost almost no energy. Right. Um, 644 00:34:59,200 --> 00:35:02,040 Speaker 1: we could all take the skies almost for free. You 645 00:35:02,080 --> 00:35:04,359 Speaker 1: could go to space for free, right, So we could 646 00:35:04,440 --> 00:35:08,200 Speaker 1: very rapidly build up a space based industry, right, lifting 647 00:35:08,200 --> 00:35:10,880 Speaker 1: heavy industry into space. You like, build a factory on 648 00:35:10,960 --> 00:35:12,920 Speaker 1: Earth and you just lift it up into space and 649 00:35:12,960 --> 00:35:16,160 Speaker 1: then you have factories in space. Pumping out spaceships or 650 00:35:16,520 --> 00:35:20,000 Speaker 1: habitats or something, right, So that would be amazing. That's 651 00:35:20,040 --> 00:35:23,279 Speaker 1: basically what's preventing us from going out into space and 652 00:35:23,320 --> 00:35:26,600 Speaker 1: colonizing other planets and solar systems. It's it's the gravity 653 00:35:26,719 --> 00:35:30,200 Speaker 1: of planet Earth that's holding us down, that's right. And 654 00:35:30,280 --> 00:35:32,880 Speaker 1: the gravity of yourself. Like, say you want to accelerate 655 00:35:32,880 --> 00:35:35,080 Speaker 1: to the speed of light or your spaceship to go 656 00:35:35,160 --> 00:35:37,480 Speaker 1: really fast, one of the things that slows you down 657 00:35:37,640 --> 00:35:40,400 Speaker 1: is is the gravity of things around you, right, And 658 00:35:40,440 --> 00:35:43,120 Speaker 1: so if you could reduce that, then you can go 659 00:35:43,120 --> 00:35:46,200 Speaker 1: a lot faster, you can accelerate more quickly. Yeah. I 660 00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:49,960 Speaker 1: was just in Alabama at the Space Center there they 661 00:35:49,960 --> 00:35:53,320 Speaker 1: have in Huntsville, Alabama, and they have this huge saturny 662 00:35:53,360 --> 00:35:56,520 Speaker 1: five rocket on display. And the way they talk about 663 00:35:56,560 --> 00:35:59,440 Speaker 1: it is that they say that to leave the planet Earth, 664 00:35:59,719 --> 00:36:03,560 Speaker 1: to go into orbit around the Earth, your vehicle, your 665 00:36:03,640 --> 00:36:08,279 Speaker 1: rocket has to be fuel. So most of it, like 666 00:36:08,320 --> 00:36:10,360 Speaker 1: if you see a giant rocket taken off into space, 667 00:36:12,000 --> 00:36:16,560 Speaker 1: of that rocket is just basically gasoline. It's it's rocket 668 00:36:16,560 --> 00:36:18,800 Speaker 1: fuel that you need to burn just to get the 669 00:36:18,880 --> 00:36:21,839 Speaker 1: little tip of the rocket out into space, that's right. 670 00:36:21,880 --> 00:36:24,479 Speaker 1: And most of your fuel is spent lifting the rest 671 00:36:24,480 --> 00:36:27,239 Speaker 1: of the fuel, right, Because the more fuel you carry, 672 00:36:27,280 --> 00:36:28,960 Speaker 1: the heavier you are, the more fuel you need, and 673 00:36:29,000 --> 00:36:32,279 Speaker 1: so it gets expensive pretty fast. Right. But if you 674 00:36:32,280 --> 00:36:35,359 Speaker 1: can somehow make anti gravity, you would just not need 675 00:36:35,400 --> 00:36:37,560 Speaker 1: so much fuel. You can just float above all of 676 00:36:37,600 --> 00:36:41,000 Speaker 1: the earthly problems. So if you have a great idea 677 00:36:41,040 --> 00:36:43,120 Speaker 1: for anti gravity, hey, get to work on it, or 678 00:36:43,239 --> 00:36:45,800 Speaker 1: send it to us at feedback at Daniel and Jorge 679 00:36:45,840 --> 00:36:50,080 Speaker 1: dot com. Send it to us a zero gravity armchairs 680 00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:53,319 Speaker 1: at that we'll cut you in part of the million 681 00:36:53,360 --> 00:36:56,080 Speaker 1: dollar prize, we promise, all right, we'll help you, all 682 00:36:56,120 --> 00:36:58,120 Speaker 1: of you out there feel just a little bit lighter 683 00:36:58,480 --> 00:37:02,400 Speaker 1: having listened to this podcast. All right, thanks everyone for listening, 684 00:37:02,520 --> 00:37:12,280 Speaker 1: See you next time. If you still have a question 685 00:37:12,320 --> 00:37:15,759 Speaker 1: after listening to all these explanations, please drop us a line. 686 00:37:15,800 --> 00:37:17,920 Speaker 1: We'd love to hear from you. You can find us 687 00:37:17,920 --> 00:37:21,759 Speaker 1: at Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram at Daniel and Jorge that's 688 00:37:21,760 --> 00:37:25,160 Speaker 1: one word, or email us at feedback at Daniel and 689 00:37:25,360 --> 00:37:35,360 Speaker 1: Orge dot com.