WEBVTT - How the Maori Work 0:00:00.200 --> 0:00:04.560 Brought to you by the all New Toyota Corolla. Welcome 0:00:04.600 --> 0:00:14.120 to Stuff you Should Know from how Stuff Works dot com. Hey, 0:00:14.200 --> 0:00:16.959 and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, and there's 0:00:17.000 --> 0:00:21.560 Charles W. Chuck Bryant and Jerry's over there. So this 0:00:21.680 --> 0:00:24.440 is stuff you should know the podcast. Jerry with her 0:00:24.480 --> 0:00:32.120 face tattoos, fipster Maory wanna be Mariya thoughts Maori Maori? Yeah, 0:00:32.159 --> 0:00:34.760 we just looked at the pronunciation. I was sure Chuck 0:00:34.880 --> 0:00:38.200 was right because he picked this article. But it looks 0:00:38.240 --> 0:00:41.080 like mayori. It seems like that should be an acceptable 0:00:41.120 --> 0:00:43.720 pronunciation as well. I know, and you know we have 0:00:43.840 --> 0:00:46.959 lots of quiet fans. They're in New Zealand. Hey, everybody, 0:00:47.000 --> 0:00:49.879 and so this is for you. And if you're not 0:00:49.920 --> 0:00:52.000 from New Zealand all the other ones, you shouldn't be 0:00:52.040 --> 0:00:54.360 listening to just this one. Uh, if you're not from 0:00:54.360 --> 0:00:57.280 New Zealand, then I think you'll enjoyed anyway, because um, 0:00:57.400 --> 0:01:01.000 indigenous tribes are interesting. Plus those of you outside New 0:01:01.080 --> 0:01:04.640 Zealand won't know how much stuff we got wrong. That's right. Yeah, 0:01:05.319 --> 0:01:08.919 So chuckers, yes, were you familiar with the Maori ahead 0:01:08.959 --> 0:01:11.120 of time? Did you know most of this stuff from 0:01:11.120 --> 0:01:14.479 this article. No, I had seen the movie Once We're Warriors, 0:01:14.600 --> 0:01:17.000 and that was my introduction to them. Is that right 0:01:17.040 --> 0:01:18.840 many years ago? Yeah, that was the one that won 0:01:18.880 --> 0:01:21.280 a bunch of Academy awards, right, or I'm thinking a 0:01:21.319 --> 0:01:23.800 Whale Rider, You're thinking a Whale Rider? But um, yeah, 0:01:23.840 --> 0:01:27.120 Once We're Warriors is not I feel good movie. Is 0:01:27.120 --> 0:01:30.720 it a documentary, No, it's a it's um just a 0:01:30.760 --> 0:01:34.160 regular narrative feature. But it's uh, it shows sort of 0:01:34.200 --> 0:01:38.360 the dark side of the modern Maori, with like propensities 0:01:38.400 --> 0:01:42.120 for violence and crime and alcoholism. So basically it's like, 0:01:43.280 --> 0:01:45.640 I guess anyone who hears the story in the US 0:01:45.680 --> 0:01:49.680 will be like this sounds familiar. An indigenous group pushed 0:01:49.680 --> 0:01:55.520 around and completely obliterated by uh Europeans. Yeah, and then 0:01:55.880 --> 0:02:01.360 later on perhaps suffering from alcoholism and and further marginalization, 0:02:01.400 --> 0:02:04.280 trying to hang onto a culture that is not well, 0:02:04.320 --> 0:02:07.680 it exists. But I don't want to spoil anything. Well, 0:02:07.840 --> 0:02:12.760 I think, okay, So my my, uh, the extent that 0:02:12.800 --> 0:02:15.640 I came to figure out my awareness of the Maori 0:02:15.840 --> 0:02:20.760 um culture, it's my familiarity with Mike Tyson's face tattoo 0:02:21.840 --> 0:02:24.640 and Um, the fact that there's such a thing as 0:02:24.680 --> 0:02:28.360 tribal tattoos and that those are mostly rooted in Maori 0:02:28.560 --> 0:02:32.840 uh tattooing. And in fact, the Maori they didn't necessarily 0:02:32.880 --> 0:02:36.360 come up with tattooing. They're directly descended from the people 0:02:36.360 --> 0:02:39.840 who did. But they had a specific kind of tattoo, 0:02:40.120 --> 0:02:43.160 a specific method of tattooing. I should say that kind 0:02:43.160 --> 0:02:47.119 of um gains them the status of the toughest tattoo 0:02:47.200 --> 0:02:51.880 people around, and that they used not needles but chisels 0:02:52.840 --> 0:02:56.360 to do their tattoos, which are called the tomoco. Yeah, 0:02:57.280 --> 0:03:00.880 tom moko two words I think so, No, I mean 0:03:01.040 --> 0:03:03.840 it's two words of moco is the face tattoo specifically, 0:03:03.840 --> 0:03:07.520 I think right. Um, there's another type of tattoo that's 0:03:07.560 --> 0:03:11.839 not quite as um spiritual as well, we'll find out, 0:03:11.880 --> 0:03:16.280 called kiri two hey and um that's kind of more 0:03:16.320 --> 0:03:18.880 like the tribal bands you see around people's arms and 0:03:18.919 --> 0:03:21.639 things like that. Yeah. Like, if you're a hipster with 0:03:22.360 --> 0:03:28.639 mocho face tattoos and you're from um, Michigan, then you're 0:03:28.639 --> 0:03:32.400 gonna be frowned upon by real Maori people because you 0:03:32.400 --> 0:03:35.520 shouldn't have a moco on your face. No, you should 0:03:35.560 --> 0:03:39.000 have the other one because that's not as sacred, right, 0:03:39.200 --> 0:03:41.120 you know what I'm saying. I know what you're saying. 0:03:41.400 --> 0:03:43.640 And the question is do the people who have these 0:03:43.680 --> 0:03:45.880 face tattoos know what you're saying. I don't know. I've 0:03:45.880 --> 0:03:47.560 seen these white dudes with it, and I'm just like, 0:03:47.640 --> 0:03:49.960 you know you're not Maori. Well I was. When I 0:03:50.000 --> 0:03:53.680 was looking up like Mike Tyson Maori face tattoo, Like, 0:03:53.760 --> 0:03:56.280 a whole slew of articles came up about how he was. 0:03:56.440 --> 0:03:59.200 His visa was canceled before a trip to New Zealand. 0:03:59.240 --> 0:04:01.480 It was like, and was it because he had faced tattoo? 0:04:01.760 --> 0:04:05.600 No criminal past? Which makes sense? Yeah? And I don't his. 0:04:06.040 --> 0:04:07.880 I don't think his is amoco. I think it's just 0:04:07.960 --> 0:04:11.800 a face tattoo. Okay, let's get into it, man, because 0:04:11.840 --> 0:04:14.000 there's much more to it than face statoos. Yeah. So 0:04:14.120 --> 0:04:18.560 the Maori are credited as being the first um settlers 0:04:18.880 --> 0:04:22.440 of New Zealand. The thing is, there's a lot of 0:04:22.480 --> 0:04:25.800 controversy around this. I should say in academic circles, it's 0:04:25.920 --> 0:04:30.400 um typically accepted, widely accepted, and that it's been proven 0:04:30.440 --> 0:04:34.360 that the Maori were the original settlers of New Zealand. Um, 0:04:34.400 --> 0:04:37.280 there are other circles that are like, no, there's there's 0:04:37.320 --> 0:04:40.640 there's evidence that they're not the Maori zone. Oral history 0:04:40.640 --> 0:04:43.400 says that there are people there before them. There's evidence 0:04:43.440 --> 0:04:46.480 here there. But for the most part, if you believe 0:04:46.560 --> 0:04:51.120 that in academic circles, you are considered fringe dweller. Right, 0:04:51.680 --> 0:04:54.320 So for the most part that the generally accepted ideas 0:04:54.360 --> 0:04:59.880 that the Maori settled New Zealand from Polynesia somewhere between 0:05:00.200 --> 0:05:04.240 uh twelve eighty and fourteen fifty. Yeah, and they came 0:05:04.279 --> 0:05:08.360 over on canoes, on ocean canoes that they still used today. 0:05:08.560 --> 0:05:13.520 And um, they supposedly came from a mythical land called Hawaiki. 0:05:13.920 --> 0:05:17.080 But um, these days scholars will say, what that probably 0:05:17.120 --> 0:05:20.400 is is a combo of some real places. Um, Tahiti, 0:05:20.480 --> 0:05:24.359 Samoa in the Cook Islands. Yeah, it's made of tomato exactly. 0:05:24.400 --> 0:05:26.520 But they got to New Zealand and they named it 0:05:26.720 --> 0:05:30.800 uh uh Otowa And there's a lot of pronunciations in here. 0:05:30.839 --> 0:05:32.520 We might not get exactly right by the way, I 0:05:33.920 --> 0:05:36.440 think that might be right. Actually, Oh to Rowa, I'm 0:05:36.440 --> 0:05:38.640 gonna say the a is silent. I don't think so 0:05:38.720 --> 0:05:43.679 it's capitalized even that means land of the long white cloud, 0:05:43.960 --> 0:05:46.560 right and in other words, it's the Maori name for 0:05:47.640 --> 0:05:50.520 New Zealand. Yeah. Um, And we should say that when 0:05:50.560 --> 0:05:55.480 the Maori arrived, they arrived as they didn't describe themselves 0:05:55.560 --> 0:06:00.560 or self describe as Maori until the Europeans came. Before then, 0:06:00.560 --> 0:06:03.880 it was just desparate tribes that were familiar with one another. 0:06:03.920 --> 0:06:07.520 But they settled. Uh. It's believed either in close together 0:06:07.560 --> 0:06:10.000 waves or like pretty much all at once heading out 0:06:10.040 --> 0:06:13.920 from Polynesia, arriving and saying okay, let's go to war. 0:06:14.720 --> 0:06:17.360 Pretty much. The name means ordinary or common. And they 0:06:17.360 --> 0:06:21.960 were and are tough people, right. And the reason Maori 0:06:22.040 --> 0:06:25.000 means ordinary or common is they're referring to themselves in 0:06:25.040 --> 0:06:30.479 comparison to white Europeans who, right, and their knickers in 0:06:30.520 --> 0:06:35.360 their fancy hats with feathers and the muskets. Yeah, so 0:06:35.480 --> 0:06:40.280 that's not very ordinary, especially compared to Maori. Um. And 0:06:40.320 --> 0:06:43.839 they had a name for them, uh pakeha. Yes, those 0:06:43.880 --> 0:06:49.080 are white Europeans who came colon settlers. Anybody who wasn't 0:06:49.160 --> 0:06:52.680 Maori ordinary? Very true? Um. And like we said, they 0:06:52.720 --> 0:06:55.719 were tough, they were very fierce. Um. When they battled 0:06:55.760 --> 0:07:00.200 one of the trophies that they would and you know 0:07:00.200 --> 0:07:01.600 a lot of tribes you'll see do this that we'll 0:07:01.600 --> 0:07:03.679 put the old head on the steak as a trophy. 0:07:04.160 --> 0:07:07.480 Very tough. Um. And then something else we'll get into 0:07:07.520 --> 0:07:09.840 in a minute is very important to them called mana, 0:07:10.000 --> 0:07:13.720 which is a power or prestige, and uh, there was 0:07:13.760 --> 0:07:16.840 a lot of fighting going on when the mana was 0:07:17.440 --> 0:07:22.760 challenged or disrupted basically sort of like, um, you insult me, 0:07:23.280 --> 0:07:25.920 so we're gonna go to go to war, right, But 0:07:26.280 --> 0:07:31.280 all of this was extremely structured. Um. The Maori wars 0:07:31.320 --> 0:07:34.360 were typically held in the fall after the harvest, right 0:07:34.560 --> 0:07:39.840 yeah football season. Yeah. Um, let's a really good analogy. Uh. 0:07:40.000 --> 0:07:43.920 They would use weapons um that were usually clubs. There 0:07:43.960 --> 0:07:47.920 were a short range battle clubs called kaika uh, and 0:07:47.960 --> 0:07:50.320 then there were clubs that had a cutting edge that 0:07:50.400 --> 0:07:53.840 were called patu. These are the most typical weapons used 0:07:53.920 --> 0:07:59.000 in these battles. And you would get brained and creamed 0:07:59.080 --> 0:08:04.120 and be up to heck. Yeah. But as far as 0:08:04.200 --> 0:08:08.600 loss of life goes compared to firearms, there was there 0:08:08.600 --> 0:08:11.000 were relatively few. Yeah. It sort of reminded me of 0:08:11.000 --> 0:08:14.960 the old gang fights back in the day, like when 0:08:15.040 --> 0:08:17.880 you would get together with your chains and your clubs 0:08:17.880 --> 0:08:21.440 and hit each other and fight. Yeah, and then you 0:08:21.480 --> 0:08:24.480 would walk away with your bruises and your scrapes and um, 0:08:24.600 --> 0:08:26.760 not a lot of loss of life, right, But the 0:08:26.760 --> 0:08:30.960 the intent was the same. It was the vanquished people 0:08:31.080 --> 0:08:34.360 to get control of their land, to make them move 0:08:34.480 --> 0:08:38.280 to more populated, less fertile areas. Um. And like you said, 0:08:38.320 --> 0:08:44.120 it was to gain mana or prestige for your tribe. Um. 0:08:44.200 --> 0:08:49.240 Everything changed once the Europeans came and brought firearms, as 0:08:49.360 --> 0:08:52.400 is the pretty by now familiar narrative for anybody who's 0:08:52.440 --> 0:08:57.079 listened to one of our cultural historical episodes. Yeah, it's 0:08:57.080 --> 0:08:59.439 pretty interesting that it follows about the same path all 0:08:59.440 --> 0:09:02.560 over the world. You know, the boomstick comes in, the 0:09:02.600 --> 0:09:04.600 white folks come in with the boomstick and the powder, 0:09:05.040 --> 0:09:08.440 the boom powder, and then things change, um. And things 0:09:08.480 --> 0:09:12.640 changed by the Maori gaining access to some of these guns. Um. 0:09:12.679 --> 0:09:14.439 And it says here you know, they would trade things 0:09:14.480 --> 0:09:18.000 like pigs and flax and potatoes. But I watched the 0:09:18.040 --> 0:09:24.120 documentary last night and six, as the documentarian said, was 0:09:24.520 --> 0:09:30.600 the big trading coinage basically what it was six? What 0:09:30.800 --> 0:09:35.559 is that s e x six? He kept saying it though, 0:09:35.600 --> 0:09:37.400 you know, in that Kiwi accent, which is one of 0:09:37.400 --> 0:09:40.400 my favorites, by the way. Um. And so they would 0:09:40.960 --> 0:09:43.000 trade when they ran out of other stuff to trade. 0:09:43.240 --> 0:09:45.079 You know, it was a big hot spot for Europeans, 0:09:45.080 --> 0:09:47.560 not even to settle necessarily, but to come by and 0:09:47.600 --> 0:09:50.680 do some trading and stop over. And they would stop 0:09:50.720 --> 0:09:53.080 over and they would sign their women up to like 0:09:53.400 --> 0:09:56.800 three week contracts and trade for one musket. And it 0:09:56.880 --> 0:10:01.040 was a very sexual culture. Like women and this was 0:10:01.080 --> 0:10:03.679 in the hundreds could take like multiple lovers and not 0:10:03.760 --> 0:10:06.800 be looked down upon. And they didn't have the hangups 0:10:06.840 --> 0:10:10.080 that europe did about sex. Yeah, I know, the HMS 0:10:10.120 --> 0:10:13.400 bounty was mutinied because the sailors wanted to go back 0:10:13.440 --> 0:10:16.960 to Polynesia. Well, dude, the Maori were down with it 0:10:17.000 --> 0:10:20.760 early on. They didn't have big hang ups, um hang ups. 0:10:22.320 --> 0:10:24.840 You could have sex before you were married and it 0:10:24.880 --> 0:10:28.160 wasn't a big deal. Um. So the sex trade by 0:10:28.200 --> 0:10:33.240 the eighteen thirties was the biggest uh money maker in 0:10:33.280 --> 0:10:38.079 New Zealand at the musket huh so chuck the when 0:10:38.120 --> 0:10:42.280 the muskets come along um eighteen oh seven is kind 0:10:42.320 --> 0:10:45.200 of a seminal year because this is the year when 0:10:45.240 --> 0:10:48.560 the first Maori tribe um got their hands on muskets 0:10:48.559 --> 0:10:52.000 and used them for battle. Yeah. The problem is they 0:10:52.200 --> 0:10:55.480 hadn't practiced quite so much, and so as they're trying 0:10:55.520 --> 0:10:59.240 to fire and reload and aim, they were vanquished by 0:10:59.559 --> 0:11:03.120 the ie they raided with using traditional clubs and get 0:11:03.160 --> 0:11:05.080 clubbed in the head while they're trying to load a musket. 0:11:05.679 --> 0:11:07.520 And I think that some of them started to swinging 0:11:07.559 --> 0:11:11.000 the musket like a big club, which is it makes sense, 0:11:11.360 --> 0:11:14.360 especially even out of frustration. And that actually started the 0:11:14.440 --> 0:11:18.040 musket wars. Yeah, because the leader of that tribe said, 0:11:18.160 --> 0:11:20.880 you know what, we these firearms. We shouldn't abandon him yet, 0:11:21.240 --> 0:11:24.000 so let's get some more and we'll trade whatever we 0:11:24.040 --> 0:11:26.520 need to for him, and let's practice this time, and 0:11:26.559 --> 0:11:28.920 hence the musket wars were born. Once they got good, 0:11:28.920 --> 0:11:33.360 they started tearing up the countryside in eighteen fifteen and 0:11:33.440 --> 0:11:36.480 just basically said we've got these guns, we're gonna kill you, 0:11:36.640 --> 0:11:41.320 take your land, enslave you, and maybe eat you. Yes, 0:11:41.880 --> 0:11:47.040 they mentioned that a lot of Polynesian tribes they they 0:11:47.040 --> 0:11:50.040 were accused of cannibalism. I don't know if it's true 0:11:50.120 --> 0:11:54.840 or not. Yeah, bears pointing out them, right. Um, but 0:11:55.120 --> 0:11:58.360 this first group that got the muskets definitely changed everything 0:11:58.400 --> 0:12:00.880 because now it was kind of like, um, when the 0:12:00.920 --> 0:12:03.920 Soviets and the Americans, when the Americans had the bomb. 0:12:04.360 --> 0:12:06.520 So if you were like, we have to have the bomb. 0:12:06.520 --> 0:12:08.600 Now you can't just have one country with the bomb. 0:12:09.000 --> 0:12:12.320 You couldn't have just one Maori tribe with firearms. Other 0:12:12.640 --> 0:12:16.439 groups were forced to adopt firearms as well, and hence 0:12:16.480 --> 0:12:19.400 the musket wars got pretty bloody. Yeah, but it became 0:12:19.440 --> 0:12:22.960 the great equalizer. About twenty Maori and New Zealander's died. 0:12:23.080 --> 0:12:27.360 But once everyone had guns, it's sort of calm things 0:12:27.400 --> 0:12:31.000 down in a weird way. Yeah. Well, it's like the 0:12:31.080 --> 0:12:34.680 mutual usured destruction exactly. So before we move on, I 0:12:34.720 --> 0:12:42.760 think it's a good time for a message break, all right, 0:12:42.840 --> 0:12:48.120 So let's continue. So chuck um. The eighteen thirties, Uh, 0:12:48.280 --> 0:12:51.280 two tribes that have been forced off their land by 0:12:51.280 --> 0:12:57.080 other must get using. Maoris um went south. I believe 0:12:57.080 --> 0:12:59.520 it was south of the Chatham Islands. Yeah. They wanted 0:12:59.559 --> 0:13:02.760 to basically find a better place to live where all 0:13:02.760 --> 0:13:06.239 this war wasn't going on. But they found the Moriory 0:13:06.480 --> 0:13:10.960 people and that's right, but what's one more war? Exactly 0:13:11.000 --> 0:13:13.080 because they were a peaceful people and they were like, well, 0:13:13.120 --> 0:13:14.640 you know, these people are here, let's figure out what 0:13:14.679 --> 0:13:18.079 to do with them. And they said kill them, kill 0:13:18.160 --> 0:13:20.920 them basically, Yeah, that's what they did. They killed them, 0:13:21.480 --> 0:13:26.080 thrust them into slavery, and then um basically took over 0:13:26.240 --> 0:13:29.280 Chatham Island and now it was a Maori island, right. 0:13:29.320 --> 0:13:33.280 So one genocide, that goot another genocide, that's right. So 0:13:33.320 --> 0:13:35.720 the Maori are like pretty well established by this time, 0:13:35.760 --> 0:13:41.239 but they're kind of hanging onto their cultural lives um, 0:13:41.280 --> 0:13:44.560 and everything kind of hinged on a rumor. I don't 0:13:44.600 --> 0:13:47.360 know if it was a factual rumor or not, but 0:13:47.520 --> 0:13:51.720 come eighteen thirty five there was a rumor that France 0:13:51.800 --> 0:13:54.319 was going to try to annex New Zealand. Yeah, and 0:13:54.360 --> 0:13:58.240 previous previous day, eighteen forty they were pretty welcoming of 0:13:58.280 --> 0:14:00.800 the Europeans, like they are of trading with them. They 0:14:00.840 --> 0:14:04.280 got along pretty well. Even this guy in the documentary 0:14:04.679 --> 0:14:07.600 that said six said that they were you know, they 0:14:07.600 --> 0:14:09.520 got pretty friendly and they said, you know, come here, 0:14:10.240 --> 0:14:12.920 route down will be trade partners and we all got 0:14:12.920 --> 0:14:15.480 along great. But like you said in thirty five, that's 0:14:15.480 --> 0:14:19.600 when France started, or at least there the Maori's point 0:14:19.600 --> 0:14:21.760 of view was France was trying to get their little 0:14:21.840 --> 0:14:24.400 French hooks in them, right and good. By this time, 0:14:24.400 --> 0:14:26.680 the Maori had a pretty good idea that they were 0:14:26.720 --> 0:14:29.680 in trouble. They were losing their numbers, which they think 0:14:30.360 --> 0:14:35.040 hit about a hundred thousand before contact with Europeans, um 0:14:35.160 --> 0:14:39.320 to not just the Musket Wars, but also disease introduced 0:14:39.320 --> 0:14:44.840 by Europeans and familiar thing um. So they they decided 0:14:44.880 --> 0:14:47.200 to allie themselves. In the face of this rumor that 0:14:47.280 --> 0:14:50.880 France um was gonna annex New Zealand, they decided to 0:14:50.920 --> 0:14:54.880 allie their lands to the British. And why not at 0:14:54.880 --> 0:14:57.400 the time, who else are you gonna go with? Yeah, 0:14:57.400 --> 0:15:00.720 they're like, we like your powdered wigs, Yeah you're read, Yeah, 0:15:00.760 --> 0:15:03.200 like your accent. We can nick that and change it 0:15:03.200 --> 0:15:05.640 around a bit and making our own. And so let's 0:15:05.640 --> 0:15:09.400 sign the Treaty of Watangi. Yes, and uh it was. 0:15:09.440 --> 0:15:11.640 It was a pretty good contract. At first, they thought, 0:15:11.840 --> 0:15:14.360 um it gave the Marory control over their own land, 0:15:14.440 --> 0:15:18.360 and yeah, so they think, um, until it turns out 0:15:18.400 --> 0:15:20.600 that the British really said, you know what, we're gonna 0:15:20.640 --> 0:15:22.880 take a lot of that land. We're gonna tax you 0:15:23.000 --> 0:15:26.440 and violate the treaty in that way, and um, this 0:15:27.080 --> 0:15:30.240 ancestral land that's been in your family forever, we're gonna 0:15:30.360 --> 0:15:32.720 we're gonna just take what we want basically and shuffle 0:15:32.760 --> 0:15:35.800 you to the side, just like American treaty was going 0:15:35.840 --> 0:15:39.280 to be broken. So that started the New Zealand Wars. 0:15:39.440 --> 0:15:43.120 And this guy in the documentary said, it's sort of again, 0:15:43.240 --> 0:15:45.800 sort of like here in America, they weren't really taught 0:15:45.920 --> 0:15:47.640 that so much in school, or they were taught a 0:15:47.680 --> 0:15:51.560 very sanitized version of the New Zealand Wars, when in 0:15:51.600 --> 0:15:55.520 fact it was thirty years of very bloody, fierce battling 0:15:56.000 --> 0:16:01.080 with the British soldiers in the British government, and um, 0:16:01.280 --> 0:16:08.480 dwindled down to really sad. So at this point, what 0:16:08.600 --> 0:16:13.760 you have is what would be called an evolutionary bottleneck. Basically, Um, 0:16:13.840 --> 0:16:17.040 you have a group of population that's in real danger 0:16:17.440 --> 0:16:22.880 of extinction. Um. And I guess what the Marie does say, Okay, 0:16:22.960 --> 0:16:27.800 all right, the British control New Zealand. We're not going away. 0:16:27.960 --> 0:16:32.600 We are fierce warriors. Have you seen these tattoos we got? Uh? 0:16:32.600 --> 0:16:36.040 And the British said again, we are in control of 0:16:36.040 --> 0:16:38.720 New Zealand. You just said it yourself. We won't wipe 0:16:38.760 --> 0:16:42.360 you out entirely because hey, it's almost the twentieth century 0:16:42.360 --> 0:16:45.400 and who does that, right, Um, But we are going 0:16:45.480 --> 0:16:51.040 to anglicize you. And first let's start by creating an alphabet. 0:16:51.120 --> 0:16:54.920 Which this struck me as weird, right, Marie culture had 0:16:54.960 --> 0:16:57.440 an oral tradition. They didn't have any written language. They 0:16:57.440 --> 0:17:02.800 had totems basically what amount to totems comparison, um, But 0:17:02.880 --> 0:17:05.640 they didn't have any kind of alphabet or written language. 0:17:06.040 --> 0:17:10.920 And so European missionaries said about creating one. Rather than 0:17:10.960 --> 0:17:14.520 teaching them just English, like oh, well, here's your written language, 0:17:16.160 --> 0:17:20.080 they went about creating a Maori written language, which is 0:17:20.160 --> 0:17:22.680 strange to me, you know, like there's this is the 0:17:24.000 --> 0:17:27.600 Maori experience. It's almost like a condensed version of what 0:17:27.640 --> 0:17:30.720 went on in in North America and in the United States. 0:17:30.760 --> 0:17:33.960 There's like one treaty. Um, there's some weird aspects to it, 0:17:34.000 --> 0:17:38.359 where like missionaries are not just trying to anglicize the groups, 0:17:38.400 --> 0:17:42.439 they're helping them preserve their culture simultaneously. UM. And I 0:17:42.480 --> 0:17:48.359 think that that was helped Maori culture survived by taking 0:17:48.400 --> 0:17:51.159 their royal traditions and writing them down. But that's not 0:17:51.200 --> 0:17:53.800 to say the Maori were helpless in preserving their own 0:17:53.840 --> 0:17:58.000 traditions because as we'll see that everyone's expected to know 0:17:58.119 --> 0:18:01.920 their own history and to be able to recite it. Yeah, 0:18:01.960 --> 0:18:04.480 for sure. Um. And that that came along in the 0:18:04.520 --> 0:18:08.240 seventies is when they really started to sort of gain 0:18:08.320 --> 0:18:12.360 more ground in re establishing their culture and claiming their 0:18:12.359 --> 0:18:15.359 culture as their own. Uh. Previous to that, they it 0:18:15.400 --> 0:18:19.399 really dwindled because they they they scattered. Basically they started 0:18:19.400 --> 0:18:22.399 to move to urban areas. Um. After World War Two 0:18:22.760 --> 0:18:26.760 there was a mass migration. Prior to the war lived 0:18:26.800 --> 0:18:31.639 in rural New Zealand and twenty years later lived in 0:18:31.760 --> 0:18:35.199 urban areas. So I mean that's when you moved the 0:18:35.240 --> 0:18:37.439 tribe from their native land. You take their land and 0:18:37.480 --> 0:18:39.879 they moved to the big city. It just the culture 0:18:39.920 --> 0:18:42.959 is just gonna go away. Well, it gets diluted, especially 0:18:43.000 --> 0:18:46.479 in the face of the government. Um. The official language 0:18:46.480 --> 0:18:49.440 of New Zealand was English. Yeah, they tried their best 0:18:49.440 --> 0:18:52.080 to stamp it out there. Yeah, there were government schools 0:18:52.119 --> 0:18:57.040 that weren't like they didn't teach anything about myer Maori culture. Yeah. 0:18:57.160 --> 0:18:59.480 Um so yeah, the the culture was the people were 0:18:59.560 --> 0:19:02.080 still there, but they were losing their culture. And then 0:19:02.119 --> 0:19:06.520 like you said again, uh, analogous to um, North America 0:19:06.880 --> 0:19:10.400 in the nineteen seventies saw a an awakening of pride 0:19:10.880 --> 0:19:14.800 in being a Maori, just like the aim the American 0:19:14.800 --> 0:19:18.080 Indian Movement was founded in the seventies UM and in 0:19:18.119 --> 0:19:21.920 the nineteen eighties. By that time about of the Maori 0:19:21.960 --> 0:19:25.800 were actually fluent speakers of their language, which was Terreo 0:19:25.960 --> 0:19:28.159 Maori was the name of the language. So it was 0:19:28.160 --> 0:19:32.119 a big win, it was, but the there was a 0:19:32.200 --> 0:19:35.000 lot of groundwork that was laid between the seventies and eighties, 0:19:35.320 --> 0:19:38.919 a lot of battles that were fought. In one UM, 0:19:38.960 --> 0:19:45.560 there's a the establishment of the Maori Party and political party. UM. 0:19:45.640 --> 0:19:50.520 They sued the government to have Treo Maori, the Maori 0:19:50.600 --> 0:19:56.320 language be officially recognized somehow, and in ninety five UM 0:19:56.440 --> 0:19:59.520 the British were forced to say, yes, this is a 0:19:59.560 --> 0:20:02.800 treasure that we were supposed to protect under the Treaty 0:20:02.880 --> 0:20:05.760 of what Tangy and we didn't, So now we're gonna 0:20:05.800 --> 0:20:09.560 make this one of three official languages in New Zealand. English, 0:20:09.920 --> 0:20:14.200 New Zealand Sign Language and uh Terrayo Maori are now 0:20:14.240 --> 0:20:17.199 the three official languages of New Zealand. Exactly in nineteen 0:20:17.240 --> 0:20:20.720 seventy five that was the designation of Maori Language Week 0:20:21.359 --> 0:20:24.320 and they opened the first bilingual school in ninety eight. 0:20:24.480 --> 0:20:26.879 So by the time five rolled around, they made it 0:20:26.880 --> 0:20:30.119 an official one of the official languages. Um, like we 0:20:30.160 --> 0:20:32.760 said about we're now speaking it and fluent in it, 0:20:33.440 --> 0:20:36.920 and um, you know, the British were like, well, we'll 0:20:36.920 --> 0:20:40.280 give you these small things, but what we don't want 0:20:40.320 --> 0:20:42.560 to give you back is your land. But they were 0:20:42.560 --> 0:20:47.000 forced to eventually with the what what Tangi Tribunal in 0:20:47.080 --> 0:20:50.720 nineteen it was It's not h I don't think it 0:20:50.800 --> 0:20:54.800 was um. I don't think they established laws. I think 0:20:54.840 --> 0:20:58.840 it was just like you fill an application out into 0:20:58.840 --> 0:21:01.879 a claim on some land and they'll decide whether or 0:21:01.880 --> 0:21:04.040 not to give it back to your family. And they 0:21:04.080 --> 0:21:06.960 did to a large degree, not all of it though. 0:21:07.200 --> 0:21:10.480 So was it like a European run tribunal that like 0:21:10.640 --> 0:21:14.880 um that indigenous people went and petitioned or was it 0:21:14.920 --> 0:21:17.240 was it made up of indigenous people, because I got 0:21:17.240 --> 0:21:21.520 the impression that they were like jealously guarded um Maori 0:21:22.160 --> 0:21:26.399 culture and we're like suing for repatriation of Maori artifacts 0:21:26.480 --> 0:21:29.760 from other museums. And well, yeah, that definitely happened because 0:21:29.920 --> 0:21:36.920 there were you know, Maori trinkets and um heads all 0:21:36.960 --> 0:21:40.439 over the world. And it's still ongoing today. Um, like 0:21:40.480 --> 0:21:42.359 all these reparations are still going on, like people are 0:21:42.359 --> 0:21:44.960 still getting back their land even here in the twenty 0:21:44.960 --> 0:21:49.359 one century. So the um the Maori culture kind of 0:21:50.040 --> 0:21:54.480 is vibrant, beaten down, hangs on by a thread and 0:21:54.520 --> 0:21:58.520 starts to revive. Right. That's right, that's good. That's where 0:21:58.560 --> 0:22:01.800 we're at. Okay, um, let's talk a little bit about 0:22:01.840 --> 0:22:05.199 their culture again. A lot of it was deluded and 0:22:05.280 --> 0:22:08.320 lost over time, but there's still like some very robust 0:22:08.760 --> 0:22:13.000 um fundamentals that are very much alive today. Yeah. They're 0:22:13.040 --> 0:22:16.440 very spiritual people, even though they were fierce warriors. Um 0:22:16.480 --> 0:22:18.640 and you know a lot of the white folks thought 0:22:18.640 --> 0:22:21.680 they were savages. Of course, sounds familiar, like the face 0:22:22.000 --> 0:22:25.800 tattoos were very much repressed but never went away exactly. Um. 0:22:25.880 --> 0:22:29.600 So they're very spiritual. They believe that um, their ancestors 0:22:29.600 --> 0:22:33.359 and other supernatural beings are always around. UM, their family 0:22:33.359 --> 0:22:36.960 and their ancestry is really really important. Their genealogy, which 0:22:37.000 --> 0:22:41.360 they called the uh waka papa waka papa. I went 0:22:41.400 --> 0:22:46.200 with wakapapa waka papa. UM, that's the genealogy of the ancestors. 0:22:46.320 --> 0:22:52.520 Um spiritual and mythological significance and basically your whole spiritual 0:22:52.600 --> 0:22:56.119 existence as a person is told through the wakapapa, and 0:22:56.160 --> 0:22:59.280 the face tattoos will tell that story. That's what that's 0:22:59.320 --> 0:23:02.000 what it means. That's why they're not hip on non 0:23:02.720 --> 0:23:07.639 Maori people getting these things. Yeah, you're insulting like their 0:23:07.680 --> 0:23:11.119 ancestry basically, and they're really protective of this stuff. I 0:23:11.160 --> 0:23:17.800 was reading um about Maori waka papa stories and how 0:23:17.840 --> 0:23:21.919 like if you're like a social services worker, like you're 0:23:21.960 --> 0:23:25.560 not necessarily told to ask these questions that would be 0:23:25.560 --> 0:23:29.239 considered part of somebody's wakapapa, Like they'll tell you if 0:23:29.280 --> 0:23:32.480 they trust you. Um. Yeah, and you don't just run 0:23:32.520 --> 0:23:36.440 around telling just anybody. There's actually some sort of UM. 0:23:36.480 --> 0:23:41.200 I believe there's a law where Maori will tell the 0:23:41.200 --> 0:23:45.960 their waka papa to government agencies. But these things have 0:23:46.040 --> 0:23:49.480 to be like explicitly protected, like now that they're being 0:23:49.640 --> 0:23:51.679 put out there on the internet and everything, they need 0:23:51.720 --> 0:23:54.920 to like your protection because these things are sacred. They 0:23:54.960 --> 0:23:58.480 belong to the individual because that's their history, and since 0:23:58.520 --> 0:24:03.399 there wasn't anything before like a written language, speaking it 0:24:03.440 --> 0:24:08.120 out loud is extremely sacred and protected. Yeah. Well, part 0:24:08.160 --> 0:24:10.719 of it too is there. Um. They're really big on 0:24:11.160 --> 0:24:14.479 learning and changing things that they did wrong, learning from 0:24:14.520 --> 0:24:17.840 past mistakes. So part of the waka papa is it's 0:24:17.840 --> 0:24:19.840 not just like some rosy history of their family. It's 0:24:19.880 --> 0:24:22.680 also the bad because if you understand your past, you 0:24:22.680 --> 0:24:25.399