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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the all New Toyota Corolla. Welcome

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Speaker 1: to Stuff you Should Know from how Stuff Works dot com. Hey,

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Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, and there's

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Speaker 1: Charles W. Chuck Bryant and Jerry's over there. So this

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Speaker 1: is stuff you should know the podcast. Jerry with her

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Speaker 1: face tattoos, fipster Maory wanna be Mariya thoughts Maori Maori? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we just looked at the pronunciation. I was sure Chuck

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Speaker 1: was right because he picked this article. But it looks

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Speaker 1: like mayori. It seems like that should be an acceptable

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Speaker 1: pronunciation as well. I know, and you know we have

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Speaker 1: lots of quiet fans. They're in New Zealand. Hey, everybody,

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Speaker 1: and so this is for you. And if you're not

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Speaker 1: from New Zealand all the other ones, you shouldn't be

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Speaker 1: listening to just this one. Uh, if you're not from

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Speaker 1: New Zealand, then I think you'll enjoyed anyway, because um,

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Speaker 1: indigenous tribes are interesting. Plus those of you outside New

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Speaker 1: Zealand won't know how much stuff we got wrong. That's right. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: So chuckers, yes, were you familiar with the Maori ahead

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Speaker 1: of time? Did you know most of this stuff from

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Speaker 1: this article. No, I had seen the movie Once We're Warriors,

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Speaker 1: and that was my introduction to them. Is that right

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Speaker 1: many years ago? Yeah, that was the one that won

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Speaker 1: a bunch of Academy awards, right, or I'm thinking a

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Speaker 1: Whale Rider, You're thinking a Whale Rider? But um, yeah,

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Speaker 1: Once We're Warriors is not I feel good movie. Is

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Speaker 1: it a documentary, No, it's a it's um just a

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Speaker 1: regular narrative feature. But it's uh, it shows sort of

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Speaker 1: the dark side of the modern Maori, with like propensities

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Speaker 1: for violence and crime and alcoholism. So basically it's like,

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Speaker 1: I guess anyone who hears the story in the US

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Speaker 1: will be like this sounds familiar. An indigenous group pushed

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Speaker 1: around and completely obliterated by uh Europeans. Yeah, and then

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Speaker 1: later on perhaps suffering from alcoholism and and further marginalization,

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Speaker 1: trying to hang onto a culture that is not well,

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Speaker 1: it exists. But I don't want to spoil anything. Well,

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Speaker 1: I think, okay, So my my, uh, the extent that

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Speaker 1: I came to figure out my awareness of the Maori

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Speaker 1: um culture, it's my familiarity with Mike Tyson's face tattoo

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Speaker 1: and Um, the fact that there's such a thing as

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Speaker 1: tribal tattoos and that those are mostly rooted in Maori

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Speaker 1: uh tattooing. And in fact, the Maori they didn't necessarily

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Speaker 1: come up with tattooing. They're directly descended from the people

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Speaker 1: who did. But they had a specific kind of tattoo,

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Speaker 1: a specific method of tattooing. I should say that kind

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Speaker 1: of um gains them the status of the toughest tattoo

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Speaker 1: people around, and that they used not needles but chisels

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Speaker 1: to do their tattoos, which are called the tomoco. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: tom moko two words I think so, No, I mean

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Speaker 1: it's two words of moco is the face tattoo specifically,

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Speaker 1: I think right. Um, there's another type of tattoo that's

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Speaker 1: not quite as um spiritual as well, we'll find out,

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Speaker 1: called kiri two hey and um that's kind of more

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Speaker 1: like the tribal bands you see around people's arms and

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Speaker 1: things like that. Yeah. Like, if you're a hipster with

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Speaker 1: mocho face tattoos and you're from um, Michigan, then you're

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Speaker 1: gonna be frowned upon by real Maori people because you

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Speaker 1: shouldn't have a moco on your face. No, you should

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Speaker 1: have the other one because that's not as sacred, right,

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Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying. I know what you're saying.

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Speaker 1: And the question is do the people who have these

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Speaker 1: face tattoos know what you're saying. I don't know. I've

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Speaker 1: seen these white dudes with it, and I'm just like,

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Speaker 1: you know you're not Maori. Well I was. When I

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Speaker 1: was looking up like Mike Tyson Maori face tattoo, Like,

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Speaker 1: a whole slew of articles came up about how he was.

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Speaker 1: His visa was canceled before a trip to New Zealand.

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Speaker 1: It was like, and was it because he had faced tattoo?

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Speaker 1: No criminal past? Which makes sense? Yeah? And I don't his.

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Speaker 1: I don't think his is amoco. I think it's just

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Speaker 1: a face tattoo. Okay, let's get into it, man, because

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Speaker 1: there's much more to it than face statoos. Yeah. So

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Speaker 1: the Maori are credited as being the first um settlers

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Speaker 1: of New Zealand. The thing is, there's a lot of

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Speaker 1: controversy around this. I should say in academic circles, it's

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Speaker 1: um typically accepted, widely accepted, and that it's been proven

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Speaker 1: that the Maori were the original settlers of New Zealand. Um,

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Speaker 1: there are other circles that are like, no, there's there's

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Speaker 1: there's evidence that they're not the Maori zone. Oral history

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Speaker 1: says that there are people there before them. There's evidence

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Speaker 1: here there. But for the most part, if you believe

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Speaker 1: that in academic circles, you are considered fringe dweller. Right,

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Speaker 1: So for the most part that the generally accepted ideas

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Speaker 1: that the Maori settled New Zealand from Polynesia somewhere between

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Speaker 1: uh twelve eighty and fourteen fifty. Yeah, and they came

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Speaker 1: over on canoes, on ocean canoes that they still used today.

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Speaker 1: And um, they supposedly came from a mythical land called Hawaiki.

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Speaker 1: But um, these days scholars will say, what that probably

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Speaker 1: is is a combo of some real places. Um, Tahiti,

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Speaker 1: Samoa in the Cook Islands. Yeah, it's made of tomato exactly.

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Speaker 1: But they got to New Zealand and they named it

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Speaker 1: uh uh Otowa And there's a lot of pronunciations in here.

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Speaker 1: We might not get exactly right by the way, I

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Speaker 1: think that might be right. Actually, Oh to Rowa, I'm

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Speaker 1: gonna say the a is silent. I don't think so

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Speaker 1: it's capitalized even that means land of the long white cloud,

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Speaker 1: right and in other words, it's the Maori name for

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Speaker 1: New Zealand. Yeah. Um, And we should say that when

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Speaker 1: the Maori arrived, they arrived as they didn't describe themselves

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Speaker 1: or self describe as Maori until the Europeans came. Before then,

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Speaker 1: it was just desparate tribes that were familiar with one another.

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Speaker 1: But they settled. Uh. It's believed either in close together

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Speaker 1: waves or like pretty much all at once heading out

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Speaker 1: from Polynesia, arriving and saying okay, let's go to war.

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Speaker 1: Pretty much. The name means ordinary or common. And they

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Speaker 1: were and are tough people, right. And the reason Maori

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Speaker 1: means ordinary or common is they're referring to themselves in

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Speaker 1: comparison to white Europeans who, right, and their knickers in

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Speaker 1: their fancy hats with feathers and the muskets. Yeah, so

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Speaker 1: that's not very ordinary, especially compared to Maori. Um. And

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Speaker 1: they had a name for them, uh pakeha. Yes, those

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Speaker 1: are white Europeans who came colon settlers. Anybody who wasn't

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Speaker 1: Maori ordinary? Very true? Um. And like we said, they

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Speaker 1: were tough, they were very fierce. Um. When they battled

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Speaker 1: one of the trophies that they would and you know

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Speaker 1: a lot of tribes you'll see do this that we'll

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Speaker 1: put the old head on the steak as a trophy.

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Speaker 1: Very tough. Um. And then something else we'll get into

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Speaker 1: in a minute is very important to them called mana,

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Speaker 1: which is a power or prestige, and uh, there was

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Speaker 1: a lot of fighting going on when the mana was

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Speaker 1: challenged or disrupted basically sort of like, um, you insult me,

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Speaker 1: so we're gonna go to go to war, right, But

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Speaker 1: all of this was extremely structured. Um. The Maori wars

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Speaker 1: were typically held in the fall after the harvest, right

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Speaker 1: yeah football season. Yeah. Um, let's a really good analogy. Uh.

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Speaker 1: They would use weapons um that were usually clubs. There

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Speaker 1: were a short range battle clubs called kaika uh, and

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Speaker 1: then there were clubs that had a cutting edge that

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Speaker 1: were called patu. These are the most typical weapons used

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Speaker 1: in these battles. And you would get brained and creamed

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Speaker 1: and be up to heck. Yeah. But as far as

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Speaker 1: loss of life goes compared to firearms, there was there

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Speaker 1: were relatively few. Yeah. It sort of reminded me of

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Speaker 1: the old gang fights back in the day, like when

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Speaker 1: you would get together with your chains and your clubs

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Speaker 1: and hit each other and fight. Yeah, and then you

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Speaker 1: would walk away with your bruises and your scrapes and um,

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Speaker 1: not a lot of loss of life, right, But the

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Speaker 1: the intent was the same. It was the vanquished people

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Speaker 1: to get control of their land, to make them move

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Speaker 1: to more populated, less fertile areas. Um. And like you said,

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Speaker 1: it was to gain mana or prestige for your tribe. Um.

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Speaker 1: Everything changed once the Europeans came and brought firearms, as

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Speaker 1: is the pretty by now familiar narrative for anybody who's

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Speaker 1: listened to one of our cultural historical episodes. Yeah, it's

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Speaker 1: pretty interesting that it follows about the same path all

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Speaker 1: over the world. You know, the boomstick comes in, the

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Speaker 1: white folks come in with the boomstick and the powder,

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Speaker 1: the boom powder, and then things change, um. And things

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Speaker 1: changed by the Maori gaining access to some of these guns. Um.

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Speaker 1: And it says here you know, they would trade things

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Speaker 1: like pigs and flax and potatoes. But I watched the

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Speaker 1: documentary last night and six, as the documentarian said, was

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Speaker 1: the big trading coinage basically what it was six? What

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Speaker 1: is that s e x six? He kept saying it though,

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Speaker 1: you know, in that Kiwi accent, which is one of

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Speaker 1: my favorites, by the way. Um. And so they would

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Speaker 1: trade when they ran out of other stuff to trade.

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Speaker 1: You know, it was a big hot spot for Europeans,

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Speaker 1: not even to settle necessarily, but to come by and

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Speaker 1: do some trading and stop over. And they would stop

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Speaker 1: over and they would sign their women up to like

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Speaker 1: three week contracts and trade for one musket. And it

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Speaker 1: was a very sexual culture. Like women and this was

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Speaker 1: in the hundreds could take like multiple lovers and not

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Speaker 1: be looked down upon. And they didn't have the hangups

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Speaker 1: that europe did about sex. Yeah, I know, the HMS

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Speaker 1: bounty was mutinied because the sailors wanted to go back

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Speaker 1: to Polynesia. Well, dude, the Maori were down with it

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Speaker 1: early on. They didn't have big hang ups, um hang ups.

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Speaker 1: You could have sex before you were married and it

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Speaker 1: wasn't a big deal. Um. So the sex trade by

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Speaker 1: the eighteen thirties was the biggest uh money maker in

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Speaker 1: New Zealand at the musket huh so chuck the when

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Speaker 1: the muskets come along um eighteen oh seven is kind

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Speaker 1: of a seminal year because this is the year when

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Speaker 1: the first Maori tribe um got their hands on muskets

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Speaker 1: and used them for battle. Yeah. The problem is they

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Speaker 1: hadn't practiced quite so much, and so as they're trying

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Speaker 1: to fire and reload and aim, they were vanquished by

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Speaker 1: the ie they raided with using traditional clubs and get

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Speaker 1: clubbed in the head while they're trying to load a musket.

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Speaker 1: And I think that some of them started to swinging

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Speaker 1: the musket like a big club, which is it makes sense,

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Speaker 1: especially even out of frustration. And that actually started the

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Speaker 1: musket wars. Yeah, because the leader of that tribe said,

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Speaker 1: you know what, we these firearms. We shouldn't abandon him yet,

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Speaker 1: so let's get some more and we'll trade whatever we

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Speaker 1: need to for him, and let's practice this time, and

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Speaker 1: hence the musket wars were born. Once they got good,

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Speaker 1: they started tearing up the countryside in eighteen fifteen and

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Speaker 1: just basically said we've got these guns, we're gonna kill you,

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Speaker 1: take your land, enslave you, and maybe eat you. Yes,

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Speaker 1: they mentioned that a lot of Polynesian tribes they they

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Speaker 1: were accused of cannibalism. I don't know if it's true

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Speaker 1: or not. Yeah, bears pointing out them, right. Um, but

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Speaker 1: this first group that got the muskets definitely changed everything

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Speaker 1: because now it was kind of like, um, when the

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Speaker 1: Soviets and the Americans, when the Americans had the bomb.

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Speaker 1: So if you were like, we have to have the bomb.

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Speaker 1: Now you can't just have one country with the bomb.

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Speaker 1: You couldn't have just one Maori tribe with firearms. Other

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Speaker 1: groups were forced to adopt firearms as well, and hence

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Speaker 1: the musket wars got pretty bloody. Yeah, but it became

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Speaker 1: the great equalizer. About twenty Maori and New Zealander's died.

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Speaker 1: But once everyone had guns, it's sort of calm things

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Speaker 1: down in a weird way. Yeah. Well, it's like the

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Speaker 1: mutual usured destruction exactly. So before we move on, I

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Speaker 1: think it's a good time for a message break, all right,

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Speaker 1: So let's continue. So chuck um. The eighteen thirties, Uh,

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Speaker 1: two tribes that have been forced off their land by

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Speaker 1: other must get using. Maoris um went south. I believe

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Speaker 1: it was south of the Chatham Islands. Yeah. They wanted

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Speaker 1: to basically find a better place to live where all

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Speaker 1: this war wasn't going on. But they found the Moriory

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Speaker 1: people and that's right, but what's one more war? Exactly

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Speaker 1: because they were a peaceful people and they were like, well,

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Speaker 1: you know, these people are here, let's figure out what

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Speaker 1: to do with them. And they said kill them, kill

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Speaker 1: them basically, Yeah, that's what they did. They killed them,

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Speaker 1: thrust them into slavery, and then um basically took over

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Speaker 1: Chatham Island and now it was a Maori island, right.

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Speaker 1: So one genocide, that goot another genocide, that's right. So

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Speaker 1: the Maori are like pretty well established by this time,

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Speaker 1: but they're kind of hanging onto their cultural lives um,

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Speaker 1: and everything kind of hinged on a rumor. I don't

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Speaker 1: know if it was a factual rumor or not, but

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Speaker 1: come eighteen thirty five there was a rumor that France

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Speaker 1: was going to try to annex New Zealand. Yeah, and

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Speaker 1: previous previous day, eighteen forty they were pretty welcoming of

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Speaker 1: the Europeans, like they are of trading with them. They

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Speaker 1: got along pretty well. Even this guy in the documentary

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Speaker 1: that said six said that they were you know, they

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Speaker 1: got pretty friendly and they said, you know, come here,

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Speaker 1: route down will be trade partners and we all got

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Speaker 1: along great. But like you said in thirty five, that's

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Speaker 1: when France started, or at least there the Maori's point

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Speaker 1: of view was France was trying to get their little

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Speaker 1: French hooks in them, right and good. By this time,

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Speaker 1: the Maori had a pretty good idea that they were

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Speaker 1: in trouble. They were losing their numbers, which they think

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Speaker 1: hit about a hundred thousand before contact with Europeans, um

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Speaker 1: to not just the Musket Wars, but also disease introduced

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Speaker 1: by Europeans and familiar thing um. So they they decided

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Speaker 1: to allie themselves. In the face of this rumor that

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Speaker 1: France um was gonna annex New Zealand, they decided to

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Speaker 1: allie their lands to the British. And why not at

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Speaker 1: the time, who else are you gonna go with? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they're like, we like your powdered wigs, Yeah you're read, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: like your accent. We can nick that and change it

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Speaker 1: around a bit and making our own. And so let's

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Speaker 1: sign the Treaty of Watangi. Yes, and uh it was.

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Speaker 1: It was a pretty good contract. At first, they thought,

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Speaker 1: um it gave the Marory control over their own land,

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Speaker 1: and yeah, so they think, um, until it turns out

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Speaker 1: that the British really said, you know what, we're gonna

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Speaker 1: take a lot of that land. We're gonna tax you

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Speaker 1: and violate the treaty in that way, and um, this

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Speaker 1: ancestral land that's been in your family forever, we're gonna

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Speaker 1: we're gonna just take what we want basically and shuffle

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Speaker 1: you to the side, just like American treaty was going

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Speaker 1: to be broken. So that started the New Zealand Wars.

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Speaker 1: And this guy in the documentary said, it's sort of again,

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Speaker 1: sort of like here in America, they weren't really taught

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Speaker 1: that so much in school, or they were taught a

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Speaker 1: very sanitized version of the New Zealand Wars, when in

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Speaker 1: fact it was thirty years of very bloody, fierce battling

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Speaker 1: with the British soldiers in the British government, and um,

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Speaker 1: dwindled down to really sad. So at this point, what

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Speaker 1: you have is what would be called an evolutionary bottleneck. Basically, Um,

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Speaker 1: you have a group of population that's in real danger

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Speaker 1: of extinction. Um. And I guess what the Marie does say, Okay,

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Speaker 1: all right, the British control New Zealand. We're not going away.

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Speaker 1: We are fierce warriors. Have you seen these tattoos we got? Uh?

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Speaker 1: And the British said again, we are in control of

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Speaker 1: New Zealand. You just said it yourself. We won't wipe

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Speaker 1: you out entirely because hey, it's almost the twentieth century

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Speaker 1: and who does that, right, Um, But we are going

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Speaker 1: to anglicize you. And first let's start by creating an alphabet.

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Speaker 1: Which this struck me as weird, right, Marie culture had

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Speaker 1: an oral tradition. They didn't have any written language. They

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Speaker 1: had totems basically what amount to totems comparison, um, But

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Speaker 1: they didn't have any kind of alphabet or written language.

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Speaker 1: And so European missionaries said about creating one. Rather than

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Speaker 1: teaching them just English, like oh, well, here's your written language,

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Speaker 1: they went about creating a Maori written language, which is

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Speaker 1: strange to me, you know, like there's this is the

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Speaker 1: Maori experience. It's almost like a condensed version of what

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Speaker 1: went on in in North America and in the United States.

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Speaker 1: There's like one treaty. Um, there's some weird aspects to it,

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Speaker 1: where like missionaries are not just trying to anglicize the groups,

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Speaker 1: they're helping them preserve their culture simultaneously. UM. And I

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Speaker 1: think that that was helped Maori culture survived by taking

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Speaker 1: their royal traditions and writing them down. But that's not

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Speaker 1: to say the Maori were helpless in preserving their own

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Speaker 1: traditions because as we'll see that everyone's expected to know

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Speaker 1: their own history and to be able to recite it. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: for sure. Um. And that that came along in the

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Speaker 1: seventies is when they really started to sort of gain

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Speaker 1: more ground in re establishing their culture and claiming their

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Speaker 1: culture as their own. Uh. Previous to that, they it

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Speaker 1: really dwindled because they they they scattered. Basically they started

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Speaker 1: to move to urban areas. Um. After World War Two

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Speaker 1: there was a mass migration. Prior to the war lived

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Speaker 1: in rural New Zealand and twenty years later lived in

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Speaker 1: urban areas. So I mean that's when you moved the

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Speaker 1: tribe from their native land. You take their land and

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Speaker 1: they moved to the big city. It just the culture

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Speaker 1: is just gonna go away. Well, it gets diluted, especially

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Speaker 1: in the face of the government. Um. The official language

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Speaker 1: of New Zealand was English. Yeah, they tried their best

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Speaker 1: to stamp it out there. Yeah, there were government schools

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Speaker 1: that weren't like they didn't teach anything about myer Maori culture. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: Um so yeah, the the culture was the people were

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Speaker 1: still there, but they were losing their culture. And then

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Speaker 1: like you said again, uh, analogous to um, North America

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Speaker 1: in the nineteen seventies saw a an awakening of pride

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Speaker 1: in being a Maori, just like the aim the American

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Speaker 1: Indian Movement was founded in the seventies UM and in

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Speaker 1: the nineteen eighties. By that time about of the Maori

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Speaker 1: were actually fluent speakers of their language, which was Terreo

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Speaker 1: Maori was the name of the language. So it was

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Speaker 1: a big win, it was, but the there was a

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Speaker 1: lot of groundwork that was laid between the seventies and eighties,

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Speaker 1: a lot of battles that were fought. In one UM,

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Speaker 1: there's a the establishment of the Maori Party and political party. UM.

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Speaker 1: They sued the government to have Treo Maori, the Maori

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Speaker 1: language be officially recognized somehow, and in ninety five UM

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Speaker 1: the British were forced to say, yes, this is a

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Speaker 1: treasure that we were supposed to protect under the Treaty

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Speaker 1: of what Tangy and we didn't, So now we're gonna

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Speaker 1: make this one of three official languages in New Zealand. English,

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Speaker 1: New Zealand Sign Language and uh Terrayo Maori are now

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Speaker 1: the three official languages of New Zealand. Exactly in nineteen

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Speaker 1: seventy five that was the designation of Maori Language Week

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Speaker 1: and they opened the first bilingual school in ninety eight.

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Speaker 1: So by the time five rolled around, they made it

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Speaker 1: an official one of the official languages. Um, like we

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Speaker 1: said about we're now speaking it and fluent in it,

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Speaker 1: and um, you know, the British were like, well, we'll

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Speaker 1: give you these small things, but what we don't want

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Speaker 1: to give you back is your land. But they were

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Speaker 1: forced to eventually with the what what Tangi Tribunal in

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Speaker 1: nineteen it was It's not h I don't think it

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Speaker 1: was um. I don't think they established laws. I think

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Speaker 1: it was just like you fill an application out into

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Speaker 1: a claim on some land and they'll decide whether or

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Speaker 1: not to give it back to your family. And they

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Speaker 1: did to a large degree, not all of it though.

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Speaker 1: So was it like a European run tribunal that like

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Speaker 1: um that indigenous people went and petitioned or was it

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Speaker 1: was it made up of indigenous people, because I got

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Speaker 1: the impression that they were like jealously guarded um Maori

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Speaker 1: culture and we're like suing for repatriation of Maori artifacts

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Speaker 1: from other museums. And well, yeah, that definitely happened because

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Speaker 1: there were you know, Maori trinkets and um heads all

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Speaker 1: over the world. And it's still ongoing today. Um, like

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Speaker 1: all these reparations are still going on, like people are

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Speaker 1: still getting back their land even here in the twenty

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Speaker 1: one century. So the um the Maori culture kind of

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Speaker 1: is vibrant, beaten down, hangs on by a thread and

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Speaker 1: starts to revive. Right. That's right, that's good. That's where

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Speaker 1: we're at. Okay, um, let's talk a little bit about

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Speaker 1: their culture again. A lot of it was deluded and

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Speaker 1: lost over time, but there's still like some very robust

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Speaker 1: um fundamentals that are very much alive today. Yeah. They're

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Speaker 1: very spiritual people, even though they were fierce warriors. Um

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Speaker 1: and you know a lot of the white folks thought

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Speaker 1: they were savages. Of course, sounds familiar, like the face

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Speaker 1: tattoos were very much repressed but never went away exactly. Um.

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Speaker 1: So they're very spiritual. They believe that um, their ancestors

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Speaker 1: and other supernatural beings are always around. UM, their family

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Speaker 1: and their ancestry is really really important. Their genealogy, which

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Speaker 1: they called the uh waka papa waka papa. I went

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Speaker 1: with wakapapa waka papa. UM, that's the genealogy of the ancestors.

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Speaker 1: Um spiritual and mythological significance and basically your whole spiritual

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Speaker 1: existence as a person is told through the wakapapa, and

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Speaker 1: the face tattoos will tell that story. That's what that's

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Speaker 1: what it means. That's why they're not hip on non

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Speaker 1: Maori people getting these things. Yeah, you're insulting like their

381
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Speaker 1: ancestry basically, and they're really protective of this stuff. I

382
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Speaker 1: was reading um about Maori waka papa stories and how

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Speaker 1: like if you're like a social services worker, like you're

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Speaker 1: not necessarily told to ask these questions that would be

385
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Speaker 1: considered part of somebody's wakapapa, Like they'll tell you if

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Speaker 1: they trust you. Um. Yeah, and you don't just run

387
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Speaker 1: around telling just anybody. There's actually some sort of UM.

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Speaker 1: I believe there's a law where Maori will tell the

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Speaker 1: their waka papa to government agencies. But these things have

390
00:23:46,040 --> 00:23:49,480
Speaker 1: to be like explicitly protected, like now that they're being

391
00:23:49,640 --> 00:23:51,679
Speaker 1: put out there on the internet and everything, they need

392
00:23:51,720 --> 00:23:54,920
Speaker 1: to like your protection because these things are sacred. They

393
00:23:54,960 --> 00:23:58,480
Speaker 1: belong to the individual because that's their history, and since

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Speaker 1: there wasn't anything before like a written language, speaking it

395
00:24:03,440 --> 00:24:08,120
Speaker 1: out loud is extremely sacred and protected. Yeah. Well, part

396
00:24:08,160 --> 00:24:10,719
Speaker 1: of it too is there. Um. They're really big on

397
00:24:11,160 --> 00:24:14,479
Speaker 1: learning and changing things that they did wrong, learning from

398
00:24:14,520 --> 00:24:17,840
Speaker 1: past mistakes. So part of the waka papa is it's

399
00:24:17,840 --> 00:24:19,840
Speaker 1: not just like some rosy history of their family. It's

400
00:24:19,880 --> 00:24:22,680
Speaker 1: also the bad because if you understand your past, you

401
00:24:22,680 --> 00:24:25,399
Speaker 1: can understand your future better. Right, And the point of

402
00:24:25,400 --> 00:24:27,639
Speaker 1: it is to keep going as far back as you

403
00:24:27,720 --> 00:24:32,040
Speaker 1: can and usually from from this article they and at

404
00:24:32,040 --> 00:24:38,680
Speaker 1: about the time your ancestors arrived. Uh so we talked

405
00:24:38,680 --> 00:24:42,200
Speaker 1: about mana a little bit, the honor in prestige. Um.

406
00:24:42,240 --> 00:24:44,680
Speaker 1: There are three forms of mana in the culture. It's

407
00:24:44,960 --> 00:24:49,640
Speaker 1: one is achieved by birth. So basically what the rank

408
00:24:49,680 --> 00:24:53,080
Speaker 1: of your descendants and your ancestors um the mana given

409
00:24:53,080 --> 00:24:56,119
Speaker 1: by other people um, which this article says they boiled

410
00:24:56,119 --> 00:24:58,760
Speaker 1: down to two good deeds, like being recognized for what

411
00:24:58,800 --> 00:25:03,840
Speaker 1: you've done to pat on the back. Yeah, here's your mana. Um,

412
00:25:03,880 --> 00:25:06,719
Speaker 1: and then mana of the group, which is when outsiders

413
00:25:06,840 --> 00:25:10,560
Speaker 1: visit and if they leave with a good you know,

414
00:25:11,200 --> 00:25:14,640
Speaker 1: a review on Yelp for you right or trip Advisor.

415
00:25:14,880 --> 00:25:17,679
Speaker 1: These guys are so welcoming, then that's mana of the

416
00:25:17,680 --> 00:25:20,040
Speaker 1: group and it's very important to them, you know, they

417
00:25:20,040 --> 00:25:23,720
Speaker 1: want to have a good uh leave a good impression.

418
00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:28,480
Speaker 1: I guess, well, yeah, there's exactly. Um, you can also

419
00:25:29,080 --> 00:25:35,359
Speaker 1: be affected by Correo corel. This one's tough, carrero ko

420
00:25:35,600 --> 00:25:38,840
Speaker 1: r e er oh. Which is the spoken word, um,

421
00:25:39,080 --> 00:25:44,240
Speaker 1: which is where you're you gain mana by house people

422
00:25:44,240 --> 00:25:46,639
Speaker 1: speak of you personally. I guess yeah. I think it's

423
00:25:46,720 --> 00:25:50,080
Speaker 1: kind of like mana of the group, but for an individual. Yeah,

424
00:25:50,160 --> 00:25:52,520
Speaker 1: and you mentioned earlier how they had an oral history.

425
00:25:52,680 --> 00:25:57,840
Speaker 1: Um that of course the white Christian missionaries poop pooed.

426
00:25:58,240 --> 00:26:00,680
Speaker 1: They said, now you've got right stuff down, and they said, no,

427
00:26:00,880 --> 00:26:03,800
Speaker 1: we're not just like telling stories here. We actually like

428
00:26:04,040 --> 00:26:09,080
Speaker 1: historians are trained and uh, their memory is trained to

429
00:26:09,160 --> 00:26:13,600
Speaker 1: remember everything about the history. So it wasn't just like, hey,

430
00:26:13,680 --> 00:26:16,320
Speaker 1: let's just tell stories about our past. Like historians were

431
00:26:16,359 --> 00:26:20,320
Speaker 1: revered and very important and and uh acknowledge for their

432
00:26:20,359 --> 00:26:23,440
Speaker 1: like incredible memories. So coming up next, we gotta have

433
00:26:23,440 --> 00:26:25,240
Speaker 1: a little message break, but we're going to talk about

434
00:26:25,520 --> 00:26:27,040
Speaker 1: what I think is one of the coolest things, which

435
00:26:27,080 --> 00:26:36,719
Speaker 1: is the hakka dance. That's something big. Huh yeah, well

436
00:26:36,800 --> 00:26:39,320
Speaker 1: let's let's get back to it, all right, the hakkah dance.

437
00:26:39,600 --> 00:26:44,320
Speaker 1: Have you seen this? I have? Um. I saw in Budapest,

438
00:26:44,320 --> 00:26:47,760
Speaker 1: of all places, at a natural history museum there was

439
00:26:47,920 --> 00:26:53,320
Speaker 1: a like basically a grass outfit and um, like there

440
00:26:53,400 --> 00:26:55,880
Speaker 1: was video of a guy wearing this grass outfit doing

441
00:26:55,920 --> 00:27:01,960
Speaker 1: a hackey dance by himself. Yeah, it was like ethnographical footage.

442
00:27:02,640 --> 00:27:04,840
Speaker 1: See I've never seen it, um with a like a

443
00:27:04,840 --> 00:27:07,600
Speaker 1: solo dancer. I've usually just seen it as a big group,

444
00:27:07,680 --> 00:27:11,000
Speaker 1: like a whole tribe. And um, it's really cool, Like

445
00:27:11,240 --> 00:27:13,119
Speaker 1: you should look it up on on the YouTube. H

446
00:27:13,160 --> 00:27:16,919
Speaker 1: A k A um. Very in fact, they're doing it

447
00:27:16,920 --> 00:27:20,520
Speaker 1: in the picture right there, very uh like intimidating. They

448
00:27:20,560 --> 00:27:22,840
Speaker 1: would do it before battle, and it's kind of scary

449
00:27:23,040 --> 00:27:25,960
Speaker 1: and like when they first get started, before they're even

450
00:27:26,040 --> 00:27:30,280
Speaker 1: moving in unison, they're just like individually shouting out things

451
00:27:30,320 --> 00:27:32,840
Speaker 1: and sticking out their tongue and their eyes are wide

452
00:27:32,840 --> 00:27:35,000
Speaker 1: and crazy and it's just like it's it would have

453
00:27:35,080 --> 00:27:36,960
Speaker 1: sent me running for the hills, right, Well, that's what

454
00:27:37,040 --> 00:27:40,520
Speaker 1: I was intended to. Um. And the New Zealand national

455
00:27:40,600 --> 00:27:44,639
Speaker 1: rugby team, the All Blacks, they do a hakka before

456
00:27:44,720 --> 00:27:47,440
Speaker 1: every rugby game. Yeah, they still do it for They've

457
00:27:47,480 --> 00:27:49,040
Speaker 1: done it for more than a hundred years, I think,

458
00:27:49,119 --> 00:27:52,160
Speaker 1: starting in Yeah, and they got the name the All

459
00:27:52,160 --> 00:27:55,760
Speaker 1: Blacks when they change uniforms to all black uniforms makes sense.

460
00:27:56,080 --> 00:27:59,560
Speaker 1: And um again to intimidate and even watch the rugby

461
00:27:59,560 --> 00:28:02,480
Speaker 1: team do it, and um, it's pretty cool. Yeah, Like

462
00:28:02,520 --> 00:28:04,280
Speaker 1: I would like to try it out, but I think

463
00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:08,280
Speaker 1: I would just people laugh at me. Let's let's if

464
00:28:08,280 --> 00:28:11,600
Speaker 1: I wouldn't intimidate anyone with my hawka, especially if you

465
00:28:11,720 --> 00:28:14,320
Speaker 1: like bulls dr eves and start your tongue out to that,

466
00:28:14,359 --> 00:28:17,520
Speaker 1: wouldn't I wouldn't have the same effect. Nope, let's talk.

467
00:28:18,440 --> 00:28:23,119
Speaker 1: Let's talk chuck. The two that is actually from the

468
00:28:23,160 --> 00:28:26,199
Speaker 1: Polynesian word t a t a u ta tao I

469
00:28:26,200 --> 00:28:29,840
Speaker 1: guess and um, which means to mark. Yeah, and they

470
00:28:30,200 --> 00:28:32,800
Speaker 1: we need to do one on the whole tattoo thing.

471
00:28:32,960 --> 00:28:35,879
Speaker 1: We will um and Like we said, the Maori aren't

472
00:28:35,920 --> 00:28:39,040
Speaker 1: the first to come up with tattoos. You can trace

473
00:28:39,120 --> 00:28:43,480
Speaker 1: back further in their Polynesian lineage, but they are the

474
00:28:43,520 --> 00:28:49,200
Speaker 1: ones that use chisels, really sharp chisels, but chisels. Nonetheless, Yeah,

475
00:28:49,240 --> 00:28:53,520
Speaker 1: I wonder how that works. It's like you hammer in

476
00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:56,480
Speaker 1: I know how chisel works. But and then you rub

477
00:28:56,680 --> 00:28:59,240
Speaker 1: the pigment. And so basically you take a very sharp

478
00:28:59,280 --> 00:29:04,120
Speaker 1: chisel and ammer and you make a mark. And then

479
00:29:04,280 --> 00:29:06,760
Speaker 1: after you've made your marks, you go through and rub

480
00:29:07,240 --> 00:29:10,360
Speaker 1: a pigment, usually taken from a certain type of caterpillar.

481
00:29:11,040 --> 00:29:14,240
Speaker 1: And then the since you're you've used the chisel instead

482
00:29:14,280 --> 00:29:16,760
Speaker 1: of a needle, there's not only a tattoo, but there's

483
00:29:16,760 --> 00:29:20,840
Speaker 1: also scarification along where you made that chisel mark. So

484
00:29:20,920 --> 00:29:27,160
Speaker 1: the original Maori tomokos were like they were pretty severe looking.

485
00:29:27,200 --> 00:29:31,280
Speaker 1: They looked even more like hardcore than a regular That's

486
00:29:31,280 --> 00:29:33,520
Speaker 1: what I was gonna ask is how like how tight

487
00:29:33,680 --> 00:29:35,720
Speaker 1: was it? You know? I think I have the feeling

488
00:29:35,760 --> 00:29:38,080
Speaker 1: that like this was like considered an art form. Is

489
00:29:39,280 --> 00:29:41,800
Speaker 1: all right? Well, I know, they, incidentally, um are the

490
00:29:41,800 --> 00:29:45,520
Speaker 1: ones who introduced color tattoos. UM, even though most of

491
00:29:45,600 --> 00:29:48,040
Speaker 1: the Moco have seen or black, So I don't know

492
00:29:48,080 --> 00:29:51,080
Speaker 1: if they just don't use color that much. They like,

493
00:29:51,520 --> 00:29:54,400
Speaker 1: I haven't seen any color money either, but you know

494
00:29:54,440 --> 00:29:57,880
Speaker 1: a rainbow dolphin. And they're like, let's just go back

495
00:29:57,880 --> 00:30:02,280
Speaker 1: to the moco. H Um. Men typically have the moco

496
00:30:02,360 --> 00:30:06,280
Speaker 1: on their face. Um, but women also have the tattoos

497
00:30:06,440 --> 00:30:09,320
Speaker 1: and um, they have them on the arms, the thighs,

498
00:30:09,400 --> 00:30:12,680
Speaker 1: the abdomen, and the crotch. Apparently, well, men will have

499
00:30:12,720 --> 00:30:16,240
Speaker 1: him on the face, buttocks, and thighs and it's detailed

500
00:30:16,280 --> 00:30:18,840
Speaker 1: stuff like I'm sure you've seen it before, um, but

501
00:30:18,880 --> 00:30:20,800
Speaker 1: if not, look it up right now, because it's not

502
00:30:20,880 --> 00:30:25,120
Speaker 1: like Mike Dyson, right, well, I mean it's there. It's

503
00:30:25,120 --> 00:30:28,680
Speaker 1: supposed to depict the waka papa, like each swirl and

504
00:30:28,880 --> 00:30:31,640
Speaker 1: symbol has like a real meaning that has to do

505
00:30:31,720 --> 00:30:36,040
Speaker 1: with the person's genealogy. That's right, it's pretty cool. Um.

506
00:30:36,120 --> 00:30:38,440
Speaker 1: And then again we said that there's another kind of

507
00:30:38,480 --> 00:30:43,720
Speaker 1: tattoo that's not quite as intricate that's called the um

508
00:30:44,000 --> 00:30:47,240
Speaker 1: what is it called the kira tuohy? Yeah, yeah, which

509
00:30:47,320 --> 00:30:49,360
Speaker 1: is just fun to say. And I think that won't

510
00:30:49,360 --> 00:30:54,120
Speaker 1: offend and and I think the impression that I have

511
00:30:54,240 --> 00:30:57,760
Speaker 1: is Maori culture from this resurgence of Maori pride in

512
00:30:57,800 --> 00:31:01,520
Speaker 1: the seventies and the revival of the culture, and say

513
00:31:01,880 --> 00:31:04,680
Speaker 1: like taking steps to save it, like they do very

514
00:31:04,760 --> 00:31:09,040
Speaker 1: jealously protect and guard their culture, their cultural history, their

515
00:31:09,120 --> 00:31:12,960
Speaker 1: personal lineage. Um. And so it is I mean maybe

516
00:31:13,000 --> 00:31:18,360
Speaker 1: even compared to other indigenous tribes, Respecting Maori culture on

517
00:31:18,440 --> 00:31:21,400
Speaker 1: its own terms is a good idea for sure. Uh.

518
00:31:21,440 --> 00:31:24,720
Speaker 1: These days they make quite a comeback in population. Um.

519
00:31:24,840 --> 00:31:26,720
Speaker 1: New Zealand as a whole has more than four million

520
00:31:26,720 --> 00:31:30,120
Speaker 1: people in about fourteen percent or Maori, compared to a

521
00:31:30,200 --> 00:31:33,400
Speaker 1: low of about forty five thousand and eighteen nineties. Yeah,

522
00:31:33,440 --> 00:31:36,680
Speaker 1: it's about five sixty thou people. Um. But like I said,

523
00:31:36,720 --> 00:31:40,960
Speaker 1: there are like many marginalized indigenous tribes all over the world,

524
00:31:41,040 --> 00:31:49,200
Speaker 1: there are problems with alcoholism. Um. The Maori are as

525
00:31:49,240 --> 00:31:52,640
Speaker 1: far as more likely to be drinkers than uh fifty

526
00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:56,600
Speaker 1: six percent Pacific Islanders. And among those who consume alcohol,

527
00:31:56,640 --> 00:32:02,280
Speaker 1: hazardous drinking occurs and thirty six percent of Mau. Um

528
00:32:02,320 --> 00:32:05,400
Speaker 1: And crime too, in violence is still sort of part

529
00:32:05,400 --> 00:32:08,200
Speaker 1: of the culture. Sadly, Um, I think I have some

530
00:32:08,240 --> 00:32:12,360
Speaker 1: stats here from a criminologist. Uh, even though they only

531
00:32:12,400 --> 00:32:16,360
Speaker 1: make up four percent of the population. I believe. Um,

532
00:32:16,400 --> 00:32:21,800
Speaker 1: they make up about of people in prison and they

533
00:32:22,280 --> 00:32:25,240
Speaker 1: you know, they throw that right back to the fact

534
00:32:25,240 --> 00:32:27,960
Speaker 1: that they were marginalized and their culture was stamped out.

535
00:32:28,000 --> 00:32:31,400
Speaker 1: And uh, young people are more likely to be violent.

536
00:32:32,160 --> 00:32:36,560
Speaker 1: Young Maori are than than older ones now. But um yeah,

537
00:32:36,640 --> 00:32:41,320
Speaker 1: apparently the losing your cultural identity really put a you know,

538
00:32:41,800 --> 00:32:45,120
Speaker 1: hamper on your evolution, is it? People? I mean you

539
00:32:45,120 --> 00:32:47,680
Speaker 1: can see that all over the world. Keen to you

540
00:32:47,720 --> 00:32:50,400
Speaker 1: certainly can. Um So, let's Maori. If you want to

541
00:32:50,440 --> 00:32:53,040
Speaker 1: know more? Do you have anything else right now? I

542
00:32:53,120 --> 00:32:54,840
Speaker 1: got nothing else. If you want to know more about

543
00:32:54,840 --> 00:32:57,560
Speaker 1: the Maori people, you can type in m A O

544
00:32:57,880 --> 00:32:59,640
Speaker 1: R I in the search bar at house to horks

545
00:32:59,680 --> 00:33:02,360
Speaker 1: dot com. We'll bring up this article. And since I

546
00:33:02,400 --> 00:33:06,680
Speaker 1: said Maori, it's time Chuck for listener mail. I'm gonna

547
00:33:06,720 --> 00:33:13,640
Speaker 1: call this email from a student at North Carolina Wilmington's. Hey, guys,

548
00:33:14,120 --> 00:33:17,239
Speaker 1: he's an econ dude. My girlfriend and I have been

549
00:33:17,240 --> 00:33:18,960
Speaker 1: together for a little over three years and are both

550
00:33:18,960 --> 00:33:21,280
Speaker 1: members of the stuff you should know Army. In the

551
00:33:21,320 --> 00:33:23,280
Speaker 1: early days of our relationship, I used to pay her

552
00:33:23,320 --> 00:33:26,880
Speaker 1: in doll hairs for favors such just cooking dinner or

553
00:33:26,880 --> 00:33:28,560
Speaker 1: getting out of bed to plug my phone in when

554
00:33:28,560 --> 00:33:31,560
Speaker 1: I forgot, I do this too. I tell Emily, like,

555
00:33:31,920 --> 00:33:34,280
Speaker 1: I'll give you six seventy five dollars to take out

556
00:33:34,320 --> 00:33:36,080
Speaker 1: the trash, and I'll just make up. You know, we

557
00:33:36,160 --> 00:33:37,800
Speaker 1: keep a running tap of what we owe each other.

558
00:33:38,360 --> 00:33:41,960
Speaker 1: It's just fun. He's just doll hairs, uh, Being that

559
00:33:42,040 --> 00:33:44,400
Speaker 1: a doll hair is not real currency, that's why he

560
00:33:44,480 --> 00:33:46,800
Speaker 1: uses it. Um. I could bid the price up or

561
00:33:46,840 --> 00:33:49,840
Speaker 1: down with ease, depending on her mood. The going rate

562
00:33:49,880 --> 00:33:52,680
Speaker 1: for dinner was about twelve thousand dollar hairs and a

563
00:33:52,800 --> 00:34:00,479
Speaker 1: BackRub was d h capital d h uh um. Of

564
00:34:00,480 --> 00:34:02,800
Speaker 1: course she was quickly. She quickly figured out that she

565
00:34:02,880 --> 00:34:05,080
Speaker 1: was not accruing the American dollars she thought she was,

566
00:34:05,520 --> 00:34:08,520
Speaker 1: and wanted her doll hairs exchange for US currency to

567
00:34:08,560 --> 00:34:10,640
Speaker 1: get myself out of this. I quickly got on eBay

568
00:34:10,680 --> 00:34:14,880
Speaker 1: to purchase her six hundred thousand Zimbabwe dollars to fulfill

569
00:34:14,920 --> 00:34:19,320
Speaker 1: up my financial debt obligation. Uh. Like you, I appreciated

570
00:34:19,320 --> 00:34:22,000
Speaker 1: the novelty of owning paper currency from a country that's

571
00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:24,120
Speaker 1: all hyperinflation on the scale the world has never seen.

572
00:34:24,520 --> 00:34:26,120
Speaker 1: We both got a real laugh out of a joke,

573
00:34:26,880 --> 00:34:29,399
Speaker 1: and I am out of debt now. We both now

574
00:34:29,480 --> 00:34:32,640
Speaker 1: carry one hundred thousand dollars in our wallets every day

575
00:34:33,000 --> 00:34:36,600
Speaker 1: so we don't feel like broke college kids. Um. Economic

576
00:34:36,640 --> 00:34:38,759
Speaker 1: research is a great passion of mine, from observation to

577
00:34:38,840 --> 00:34:42,239
Speaker 1: data collection and model building. I find happiness through math

578
00:34:42,280 --> 00:34:47,760
Speaker 1: and statistics. We don't how much in common talent Um

579
00:34:47,960 --> 00:34:51,160
Speaker 1: talent that's his name. I would be more than happy

580
00:34:51,160 --> 00:34:53,160
Speaker 1: to help you all with any economic questions you ever have,

581
00:34:53,840 --> 00:34:55,759
Speaker 1: although I don't think you need much, seeing as how

582
00:34:55,800 --> 00:34:57,960
Speaker 1: you You're super stuff. Guide to the Economy was so

583
00:34:58,080 --> 00:35:02,560
Speaker 1: well presented. Awesome. Yeah, so that is from Talent Wisdom.

584
00:35:02,719 --> 00:35:05,960
Speaker 1: His last name is wisdom Man from you and C. Wilmington's.

585
00:35:06,080 --> 00:35:08,080
Speaker 1: And I wrote him back and he followed up and

586
00:35:08,080 --> 00:35:10,040
Speaker 1: said he was in the middle of writing a lesson

587
00:35:10,080 --> 00:35:14,080
Speaker 1: plan and eating leftovers when he got my email. And

588
00:35:14,080 --> 00:35:16,799
Speaker 1: he said he's often daydreamed about being on listener mail.

589
00:35:17,400 --> 00:35:19,279
Speaker 1: This is a dream come true and you're gonna like

590
00:35:19,360 --> 00:35:22,920
Speaker 1: this part, Josh. He has a dog named Conway Twitty.

591
00:35:23,840 --> 00:35:27,680
Speaker 1: Conway Twitty owned by Talent Wisdom. That's right, uh, And

592
00:35:27,800 --> 00:35:30,239
Speaker 1: he he and Conway Twitty called his entire family to

593
00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:33,399
Speaker 1: let them know to look out for the upcoming listener mail.

594
00:35:33,840 --> 00:35:38,280
Speaker 1: Good going, thank you, talent Wisdom, Talent Wisdom, Conway Twitty,

595
00:35:38,440 --> 00:35:42,120
Speaker 1: and um his girlfriend. Yeah, he's got a lot of

596
00:35:42,160 --> 00:35:45,040
Speaker 1: doll hairs who who is very easy going with a

597
00:35:45,040 --> 00:35:48,560
Speaker 1: good sense of humor about money. Uh. If you have

598
00:35:48,680 --> 00:35:51,839
Speaker 1: a good story for us that has anything even remotely

599
00:35:52,239 --> 00:35:55,799
Speaker 1: to do with something we've even mentioned in passing on

600
00:35:55,960 --> 00:35:59,320
Speaker 1: any of the episodes here and Stuff you Should Know, Uh,

601
00:35:59,400 --> 00:36:02,280
Speaker 1: you can tweet to us at s y s K podcast.

602
00:36:02,760 --> 00:36:05,360
Speaker 1: You can join us on Facebook dot com slash Stuff

603
00:36:05,400 --> 00:36:07,480
Speaker 1: you Should Know. You can send us an email to

604
00:36:07,600 --> 00:36:10,839
Speaker 1: Stuff Podcasts at Discovery dot com, and you can hang

605
00:36:10,840 --> 00:36:13,400
Speaker 1: out on our website with us that Stuff you Should

606
00:36:13,400 --> 00:36:21,160
Speaker 1: Know dot com For more on this and thousands of

607
00:36:21,160 --> 00:36:31,040
Speaker 1: other topics, is it how Stuff works dot Com. Brought

608
00:36:31,080 --> 00:36:33,800
Speaker 1: to you by the all new Toyota Corolla