WEBVTT - How Faraday Cages Work 0:00:01.480 --> 0:00:04.280 Welcome to Stuff you should know, a production of I 0:00:04.360 --> 0:00:13.600 Heart Radio. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. 0:00:13.680 --> 0:00:16.919 There's Charles w Chuck Bryan over there, there's Jerry over there, 0:00:17.400 --> 0:00:20.000 and this is stuff you should know. I have let 0:00:20.120 --> 0:00:24.520 me more to comment other than that. All right, how 0:00:24.520 --> 0:00:28.200 are you chucking? Good? I'm great good, I'm glad. What 0:00:28.240 --> 0:00:34.120 are you drinking? I'm drinking Perry. It's French, fancy fancy. 0:00:35.000 --> 0:00:38.760 I'm drinking just regular old dumb American water. What is 0:00:38.760 --> 0:00:41.960 that tap water? Don't drink that well, I mean it's water, 0:00:42.040 --> 0:00:46.120 it's not out of the tap. I have a death 0:00:46.120 --> 0:00:48.599 wish on my hands. Right, you know what I love? 0:00:48.680 --> 0:00:51.520 If you're going fizzy drinks, best fizzy drink of all time, 0:00:53.000 --> 0:00:57.760 I would say Sam Pellegrino. Um, well, any Sam peret 0:00:58.120 --> 0:01:04.400 flavored kind Topechico. Oh yeah, it's good. Jerry's nodding with emphasis. 0:01:04.640 --> 0:01:08.120 I've had one before. Yeah, the Topachico. I just like 0:01:08.160 --> 0:01:10.640 the plane. It is the fizziest of fizz, is it. 0:01:10.920 --> 0:01:14.520 And uh, here's a little drink for you. Tequila and 0:01:14.520 --> 0:01:25.080 Topechico and about a half a lime. That's it. Low calorie, clean, simple, refreshing, simple, meager, delicious, meager, disgusting. 0:01:25.200 --> 0:01:28.600 It's like what a what a quaker? Or uh, what 0:01:28.720 --> 0:01:34.800 a Quaker would drink? Or um? Yeah? Righte tequila? Who 0:01:34.840 --> 0:01:37.800 am I thinking of? I have no idea what you're 0:01:37.800 --> 0:01:41.200 talking about? Now? Who goes on rum Springer? Oh? Amish? 0:01:41.319 --> 0:01:44.600 The Amish. It's what the Amish would drink, very plain, straightforward, 0:01:44.720 --> 0:01:48.880 boozy drink. Oh. I think when the Amish, uh going 0:01:49.000 --> 0:01:52.680 rum spring and they probably go straight for the hard stuff, 0:01:52.880 --> 0:01:56.040 straight for the Harvey wallbangers. Well, I think they just 0:01:56.120 --> 0:01:58.360 they say, we don't need that topachico, just pour that tequila? 0:01:58.880 --> 0:02:02.840 Got you into my stomach quickly? Man? Uh So today, 0:02:02.880 --> 0:02:06.440 of course we're talking about Faraday cages, Chuck. Have you 0:02:06.440 --> 0:02:08.960 ever been in a car that was struck by lightning? Uh? No? 0:02:09.160 --> 0:02:12.440 Have you know? I would talk about it every day. 0:02:12.480 --> 0:02:15.600 But you know what, if you were you'd probably walk 0:02:15.639 --> 0:02:19.440 around saying everything was cool because the tires are grounded. Man, 0:02:19.760 --> 0:02:21.800 not not me. I wouldn't have said that. You would 0:02:21.800 --> 0:02:24.520 have said that yesterday today, I would have said it before. 0:02:25.200 --> 0:02:27.320 That's not true though. It's it's not the tires right, 0:02:27.560 --> 0:02:30.639 No tires are made of rubber too or something like it, 0:02:30.720 --> 0:02:34.240 and which is an insulator. It doesn't conduct electricity very well. 0:02:34.240 --> 0:02:37.000 But if a bolt of lightning hit your car, those 0:02:37.040 --> 0:02:40.880 tires are not nearly insulated enough to protect you. It's 0:02:40.919 --> 0:02:46.359 actually because your car is essentially what's called a Faraday cage, 0:02:46.440 --> 0:02:51.960 which is why it jibes with the topic today. That's right, Uh, 0:02:52.240 --> 0:02:57.000 name for Michael Faraday, the nineteenth century scientist. I don't 0:02:57.040 --> 0:02:59.600 even dude. Yeah that I mean, this guy was just 0:02:59.639 --> 0:03:02.280 a mazing He deserves his own episode, for sure. Yeah, 0:03:02.280 --> 0:03:04.840 I'm a big, I'm a big. I was trying to 0:03:04.880 --> 0:03:06.680 think of a funny name for a fair day fair, 0:03:06.880 --> 0:03:11.280 like a fair day fair Dan, fair daddy. Oh that's 0:03:11.280 --> 0:03:15.560 a good one. Fair Daddy, Fair daddy. But that implies 0:03:15.560 --> 0:03:17.360 that you have kids. But you can be a fair daddy, 0:03:17.400 --> 0:03:19.960 can be whatever, Sure it can be. Daddy did all 0:03:20.000 --> 0:03:23.400 sorts of stuff. That's right, we have the stuff you 0:03:23.400 --> 0:03:26.320 should know. Army, you're the fare daddy of the stuff 0:03:26.320 --> 0:03:29.160 you should know. Army movie crushes, the movie crushers, And 0:03:29.440 --> 0:03:31.840 I just learned today what you know. Dak Shepherd has 0:03:31.960 --> 0:03:36.320 armchair expert. You know what his people are called arm 0:03:36.400 --> 0:03:40.760 cherry in close? Is it really arm cherries C H 0:03:40.840 --> 0:03:43.160 E R R I E s. Yeah, yeah, like Cherry, 0:03:43.280 --> 0:03:46.120 you got the murder Hinos with my favorite murder. What 0:03:46.200 --> 0:03:52.960 else I think this? American life fans are called middle 0:03:52.960 --> 0:03:57.520 aged liberals. Very nice and that's all. No one else 0:03:57.520 --> 0:04:01.360 says a nickname. No, that's it. Um. I'm sure someone 0:04:01.360 --> 0:04:04.440 else has a nickname. But Faraday in the Fara Daddies, 0:04:04.760 --> 0:04:09.000 which is us and no one else developed something called 0:04:09.080 --> 0:04:12.240 a fair day cage on the heels of the work 0:04:12.480 --> 0:04:15.880 of someone named Ben Franklin. Should we say what a 0:04:15.880 --> 0:04:18.640 fair day cage is first? Or story? I think a 0:04:18.720 --> 0:04:21.120 little bit? Yeah, alright, well, fair day cage can be 0:04:22.120 --> 0:04:28.000 any conductor of electricity that's important that surrounds something that 0:04:28.040 --> 0:04:34.159 you would like to protect from electro an electrical charge, right, 0:04:34.360 --> 0:04:37.880 or it turns out also electromagnetic radiation, which is not 0:04:37.960 --> 0:04:40.760 the same thing. No, they're based on the same stuff. 0:04:40.800 --> 0:04:46.920 But electricity is a current of electrons moving through an object. Uh. 0:04:46.960 --> 0:04:51.520 An electromagnetic radiation or type of it is just energy 0:04:51.640 --> 0:04:55.599 flowing through there. Like, he doesn't need a conductor. That's 0:04:55.600 --> 0:04:59.320 really the big differentiator between the two. Yeah, but it's 0:04:59.360 --> 0:05:03.679 it can be chain link, it can be wired mesh, 0:05:03.720 --> 0:05:05.160 like you said, it can be your car, can be 0:05:05.160 --> 0:05:09.520 solid metal. We'll talk about planes later on planes technically, 0:05:09.600 --> 0:05:13.240 or a kind of fair day cage, thank goodness, and yeah, 0:05:13.400 --> 0:05:17.960 and it basically is there to protect what's inside and 0:05:18.160 --> 0:05:21.159 has a range of applications. Now that has kind of 0:05:21.160 --> 0:05:23.839 grown over the years. And the thing about a Faraday 0:05:23.920 --> 0:05:28.440 cages that it's really weird. It's based on observations like 0:05:28.480 --> 0:05:31.680 you said, by Ben Franklin and then really investigated by Faraday, 0:05:31.680 --> 0:05:34.080 which we'll get into in a second. But it doesn't 0:05:34.160 --> 0:05:38.080 quite make sense because if you happen to come along 0:05:38.160 --> 0:05:41.599 and there's a down power line and it's laying on 0:05:41.960 --> 0:05:46.360 an aluminum fence post like the Ice Storm movie? Does 0:05:46.400 --> 0:05:48.920 that happen in that movie? Oh, I gotta see that. 0:05:48.960 --> 0:05:52.200 Then you've never seen the Ice Storm one of the 0:05:52.279 --> 0:05:55.560 great movies. I know, I know, But then I go 0:05:55.640 --> 0:05:58.680 through periods where I'm like, I just I want something 0:05:58.720 --> 0:06:02.200 like dumb and thoughtless. Well, that's not the storm, right, 0:06:02.279 --> 0:06:03.800 And you also have to wait till the winter. You 0:06:03.839 --> 0:06:05.720 can't like I see, you can't PLoP down on the 0:06:05.760 --> 0:06:08.119 summertime in your backyard. Now I know that's true to 0:06:08.160 --> 0:06:10.360 be weird, I'm trying to think I saw something just 0:06:10.440 --> 0:06:14.080 the other day that was worth watching. Oh man, man, 0:06:14.120 --> 0:06:18.160 this is podcast gold right here. I'll try to think 0:06:18.200 --> 0:06:20.520 of it, and I'll keep I'll keep this little region 0:06:20.560 --> 0:06:22.839 of my brain right here going trying to figure out 0:06:22.839 --> 0:06:27.080 what movie I just saw sometimes and then the rest 0:06:27.160 --> 0:06:31.440 over here it's gonna is gonna focus on Faraday cages. 0:06:31.600 --> 0:06:33.680 I can't do that minds like Hummer Simpson. My thought 0:06:33.680 --> 0:06:39.360 bubble just says it, dontut Oh this is this part here, Okay, 0:06:38.960 --> 0:06:41.960 So but hold on. So um, so what were we 0:06:42.000 --> 0:06:45.599 talking about that before that we were talking about movies? 0:06:45.880 --> 0:06:49.960 Were uh, yes, So a Faraday cage is weird, and 0:06:50.040 --> 0:06:52.200 that if you normally go up to a conductor that 0:06:52.240 --> 0:06:55.839 has an electrical current running through it and you touch it, 0:06:55.839 --> 0:06:58.120 it's going to knock you out of your shoes, like 0:06:58.160 --> 0:07:00.479 the kid in Stand By Me. Basically that was a 0:07:00.520 --> 0:07:04.960 train the metaphor works or the kidney ice storm. Well, 0:07:05.080 --> 0:07:07.760 now I don't have to see the ice storm. There's 0:07:07.800 --> 0:07:11.400 a lot more than happens. So, um, a Faraday cage 0:07:11.400 --> 0:07:14.600 is special in that it actually protects you from doing that, 0:07:14.760 --> 0:07:18.200 but it uses conductors. It's not some special insulator. It 0:07:18.200 --> 0:07:23.360 actually uses the very thing that should electrocute you to 0:07:23.520 --> 0:07:28.360 prevent you from being electrocuted. It's yeah, the cage itself 0:07:28.480 --> 0:07:33.480 is a hollow conductor, and that charge stays on the exterior. 0:07:33.520 --> 0:07:37.000 It's like, here, let me take that electrical load for you. 0:07:37.640 --> 0:07:44.600 Whatever is inside of me. That was it? See, Okay, 0:07:44.880 --> 0:07:48.200 So I think that's actually the level of Ben Franklin's 0:07:48.240 --> 0:07:54.360 understanding of it from what I gather Ben Franklin, he was, 0:07:54.440 --> 0:07:57.080 he was on the case. He was he was sniffing 0:07:57.120 --> 0:08:00.720 all over, he was, he sniffed off the case. Uh. 0:08:00.760 --> 0:08:03.280 In seventeen fifty five he started doing a lot of 0:08:03.280 --> 0:08:07.960 these electrical experiments. Obviously everyone knows about the kite. Uh. 0:08:08.160 --> 0:08:10.480 One that has to do with the fair day cages. 0:08:10.560 --> 0:08:14.360 He electrified ran a current through a pint can, a 0:08:14.400 --> 0:08:17.440 silver pint can. Yeah, he was always drinking pines. Sure. 0:08:17.640 --> 0:08:21.560 And then uh, he lowered a cork which obviously has 0:08:21.560 --> 0:08:25.200 no charge, like a little cork ball attached to silk, 0:08:25.240 --> 0:08:27.320 a silk string which has no you know, can't run 0:08:27.360 --> 0:08:29.880 a current through that either, and he lowered it down 0:08:29.920 --> 0:08:32.760 into that pint glass and it just sat there. It 0:08:32.840 --> 0:08:36.080 was like, what what do you want? Yeah, this is 0:08:36.840 --> 0:08:39.640 it's dumb. It was a teenage corkball. It wasn't It 0:08:39.720 --> 0:08:41.600 was very much a teenage cork ball, and it didn't 0:08:41.640 --> 0:08:44.040 do anything. But he pulled that cork ball out and 0:08:44.080 --> 0:08:48.920 then dangled it beside that charge scan and it went Hotcha, Mama, 0:08:49.120 --> 0:08:52.480 let me get a piece of that can Hama blessed 0:08:52.520 --> 0:08:56.959 tax So it like latched on the outside of it. Right, 0:08:57.040 --> 0:09:02.040 I just demonstrated everybody's white. Chuck laughed, and Ben Franklin 0:09:02.120 --> 0:09:04.320 was like, I have no idea what's going on here. 0:09:04.440 --> 0:09:09.240 I've only just preliminarily started experimenting with electricity. This is weird. 0:09:09.440 --> 0:09:11.240 And he wrote to a friend he said, I I 0:09:11.280 --> 0:09:14.480 can't explain this. Maybe someday you'll be able to investigate it. 0:09:14.600 --> 0:09:18.400 If you do, let me know what the deal is. Um. 0:09:18.440 --> 0:09:21.000 But he was the at least on paper, the first 0:09:21.040 --> 0:09:24.040 person to really kind of notice this. It took Michael 0:09:24.040 --> 0:09:27.280 Faraday a few decades later, probably about forty maybe even 0:09:27.320 --> 0:09:30.600 fifty years later, to say, I really want to know 0:09:30.640 --> 0:09:34.240 what's going on here, so he investigated it himself. Yeah. 0:09:34.280 --> 0:09:38.199 But you know, if you really think about what Franklin did, 0:09:40.600 --> 0:09:42.960 ninety nine people out of a hundred back then would 0:09:42.960 --> 0:09:45.439 have been like, who cares, what are you doing that 0:09:45.600 --> 0:09:49.480 stupid cork ball? Like what is this matter? Like you're 0:09:49.520 --> 0:09:51.280 hanging inside there. It doesn't do anything hanging on the 0:09:51.320 --> 0:09:53.880 outside and it moves a little bit. But Franklin knew, 0:09:53.920 --> 0:09:55.920 He's like this is important, Like this is this will 0:09:55.960 --> 0:09:58.319 have an application? Right, So like that there in lies 0:09:58.400 --> 0:10:01.080 the brilliance I think, and the beauty you have Ben Franklin, 0:10:01.640 --> 0:10:05.320 that and his hair do. Of course, So Michael Faraday, 0:10:05.400 --> 0:10:09.920 when he investigated it, um, he recreated the same experiment 0:10:10.240 --> 0:10:15.680 very famously. UM a couple of ways. One he lined 0:10:15.720 --> 0:10:19.280 as a room. He built a room basically and then 0:10:19.360 --> 0:10:24.000 lined it with um foil and then applied a charge 0:10:24.040 --> 0:10:26.880 to the outside and put a small child in there. Well, 0:10:26.880 --> 0:10:30.080 he put himself in there, and he hung out basically. 0:10:30.080 --> 0:10:32.360 I saw for a couple of days in this Faraday 0:10:32.440 --> 0:10:35.280 cage with an electrical current being applied to the outside 0:10:35.280 --> 0:10:39.560 of it. He had a that was good for the 0:10:39.600 --> 0:10:41.480 time because you, I mean, I made that joke. But 0:10:42.080 --> 0:10:45.679 usually at the time it's like, how about that kitten, right, 0:10:46.120 --> 0:10:48.760 you have no right that cute bunny, Let me just 0:10:48.840 --> 0:10:52.920 exploit you. Um. So yeah, So he actually did it himself. 0:10:52.960 --> 0:10:55.760 He remember we did that episode of famous scientists who 0:10:55.760 --> 0:10:58.680 were their own guinea pigs. He could have qualified in 0:10:58.720 --> 0:11:01.720 that respect for sure. But he demonstrated, Okay, there's no 0:11:01.800 --> 0:11:05.560 charge in here. I'm fine, uh this this there's something 0:11:05.600 --> 0:11:08.760 going on where this conductor itself is preventing the charge 0:11:08.760 --> 0:11:11.600 from coming in here. That was the first one. Then 0:11:11.640 --> 0:11:16.080 they follow it up again with an ice pail um, 0:11:16.160 --> 0:11:17.880 which is exactly what it sounds like. You know, it's 0:11:17.880 --> 0:11:21.760 a bucket. And he's very famous for his ice pail experiment, 0:11:21.960 --> 0:11:26.200 basically recreated Franklin's thing. And he said, I think I 0:11:26.240 --> 0:11:29.320 can explain this now. It wasn't full of ice though, 0:11:29.480 --> 0:11:33.600 just to be clear. And actually there's still Faraday ice 0:11:33.679 --> 0:11:36.880 pails today and they're made of wire mesh. Really, yeah, 0:11:36.960 --> 0:11:39.599 you gotta check them out. So is that what you 0:11:39.679 --> 0:11:44.000 told your Yeah, don't work. They work for like, don't work. 0:11:44.920 --> 0:11:47.040 It'll work too good. So I say we take a 0:11:47.040 --> 0:11:49.000 break and then come back and try to explain what 0:11:49.120 --> 0:12:04.320 Faraday figured out. That sounds great, Okay, sucks. I don't 0:12:04.320 --> 0:12:07.760 know that, you know it stuck in this. It's a 0:12:07.800 --> 0:12:12.240 great name. That's the name of that. It's a great name. 0:12:13.040 --> 0:12:17.640 So Michael Faraday was a brilliant man chuck in that 0:12:17.960 --> 0:12:23.720 he he took Franklin's findings and said, here's what's going on. Yeah. 0:12:23.800 --> 0:12:27.720 So if you listen to our March twentie episode How 0:12:27.720 --> 0:12:32.520 Electricity Works one, you'll you'll it was pretty intense. I 0:12:32.559 --> 0:12:35.360 really listened to a lot of it. We got into 0:12:35.360 --> 0:12:38.840 the weeds because that's a tough one. It is. I mean, electricity. 0:12:38.920 --> 0:12:41.800 It's not like a slouchy subject, you know, but this 0:12:41.880 --> 0:12:47.480 is a Josh written simplified overview that is so much 0:12:47.520 --> 0:12:50.360 better than that episode. I think, thanks man. And it 0:12:50.400 --> 0:12:58.280 goes a little something like this. Alright, man, electricity. You've 0:12:58.320 --> 0:13:01.319 got metal objects, and let's say it's a let's say 0:13:01.320 --> 0:13:03.559 it's that tin can or whatever it's it's it's a 0:13:03.559 --> 0:13:05.880 cocaine the pine can. We'll go stick with the pine 0:13:05.880 --> 0:13:07.920 Cann't know why I changed the coke can because we're 0:13:07.960 --> 0:13:10.600 in the South, okay, we're from We're in Atlanta. But 0:13:10.760 --> 0:13:13.560 all right, it's a pint can. They don't make cocin pints, 0:13:13.679 --> 0:13:15.760 or they should, or at least the cans. What's your 0:13:15.760 --> 0:13:19.959 favorite beer? I mean, I like tropically these days, it 0:13:20.040 --> 0:13:22.920 comes can right, Okay, there you go. All right, So 0:13:22.960 --> 0:13:26.079 I got a tall boy of tropically changed my mind, 0:13:26.240 --> 0:13:29.839 changed my mind. We got younger listeners that listen, so, 0:13:30.600 --> 0:13:32.760 but I also don't want to necessarily push coke on them. 0:13:32.800 --> 0:13:38.680 How about, um, does does the it's a white cloth can? 0:13:39.440 --> 0:13:43.880 Does um the topo Chico come in a can? Let's 0:13:43.880 --> 0:13:47.120 say it does? Okay, I always have mine in a bottle, 0:13:47.160 --> 0:13:48.560 but let's say it comes in a can, all right, 0:13:49.000 --> 0:13:51.319 just for the sake of moving on. Alright, So you 0:13:51.360 --> 0:13:54.880 got that topo cheeko can. And it is a conductor 0:13:55.000 --> 0:13:59.880 of electricity, which basically means that you know, these things 0:14:00.040 --> 0:14:03.839 have electrons and protons in them, and they can be 0:14:03.960 --> 0:14:09.400 both positively and negatively charged. If it was always uh electric, 0:14:09.480 --> 0:14:11.680 you would you'd go to pick up that topa Chico 0:14:11.720 --> 0:14:14.880 and just get shocked, right it. But it's not. Itself 0:14:14.920 --> 0:14:17.720 doesn't carry a charge, and an electrical charges the force. 0:14:17.840 --> 0:14:22.920 That's the force of electricity. Um. When it's on the move, 0:14:23.040 --> 0:14:26.840 that's a current, and a conductor allows electricity to move 0:14:26.960 --> 0:14:31.320 through it. That's right, like those car tires right right now, 0:14:31.360 --> 0:14:35.480 that's the uh and the it can be positive or negative. 0:14:35.520 --> 0:14:37.600 It really just depends on the count of how many 0:14:37.640 --> 0:14:40.840 electrons to how many protons. Has an equal number, it's 0:14:40.840 --> 0:14:44.000 going to be neutral, obviously, it's has more protons, it's 0:14:44.000 --> 0:14:47.400 gonna have a positive charge more electrons, it's gonna be 0:14:47.400 --> 0:14:52.520 negatively charged. And then if you're a conductor like that can, 0:14:53.480 --> 0:14:57.800 there are lots of loose electrons flying around inside that. 0:14:57.840 --> 0:15:00.400 They're free to move about and do their business. Right, 0:15:00.680 --> 0:15:03.080 So one way to look at an electrical current as 0:15:03.160 --> 0:15:06.600 it goes from one thing through the next thing that 0:15:06.640 --> 0:15:11.120 it's applied to, and it does that by exciting those 0:15:11.200 --> 0:15:14.360 free electrons that are able to move. They start moving 0:15:14.400 --> 0:15:18.040 and they basically carry the electrical charge through that that 0:15:18.120 --> 0:15:22.240 the current through the conductor. But under normal circumstances, you 0:15:22.400 --> 0:15:25.000 just got all the positively charged stuff of the negatively 0:15:25.080 --> 0:15:28.880 charged stuff hanging out not doing anything. And so that's why, 0:15:29.040 --> 0:15:30.960 like you're saying, you can pick up that that topo 0:15:31.040 --> 0:15:33.960 Chico can and it's not going to electric It's just 0:15:34.000 --> 0:15:38.440 a conductor. Right. But let's say that I was a 0:15:38.600 --> 0:15:45.080 superhero with electricity. I was electron Man, and my hand 0:15:45.840 --> 0:15:48.880 like carried a charge. What are the current The fans 0:15:48.920 --> 0:15:54.239 of electron Man would be the electron e X electronic 0:15:54.400 --> 0:15:57.000 x uh. And let's say I reach for that topo 0:15:57.080 --> 0:16:01.440 Chico Can with my my electrically charged end. Then you're 0:16:01.440 --> 0:16:04.760 in business because what happens then is you're gonna have 0:16:04.880 --> 0:16:09.320 an opposite thing going on. All of those particles will separate, 0:16:09.360 --> 0:16:12.200 those electrons in those protons that are normally just com 0:16:12.240 --> 0:16:15.600 mingling out. Normally they're all fine under normal circumstances, but 0:16:15.640 --> 0:16:19.360 all of a sudden they separate, and all of the 0:16:20.000 --> 0:16:24.680 charge coming towards me would be the opposite, which would 0:16:24.680 --> 0:16:28.200 be protons. So if you're it depends are you you 0:16:28.320 --> 0:16:31.280 as as oh you're electron man, Yes, you would be 0:16:31.320 --> 0:16:34.320 negatively charged for sure, Yeah, there or also just be 0:16:34.360 --> 0:16:36.440 a total misnown that's right. So the protons are going 0:16:36.480 --> 0:16:38.960 to be attracted to the electrons in this case, or 0:16:39.080 --> 0:16:42.720 holes I saw. Electron holes is another thing that that 0:16:42.880 --> 0:16:46.640 starts flowing toward a negative charge. I've never heard of 0:16:46.680 --> 0:16:50.520 them before. I hadn't either, And this is called electrostatic induction. 0:16:51.080 --> 0:16:53.560 When you separate out the positive from negative charge and 0:16:53.560 --> 0:16:55.760 a conductor. That's right, and they're on the opposite sides 0:16:55.800 --> 0:16:57.880 of that topo Chico Can. As soon as my hand 0:16:58.240 --> 0:17:01.520 touches that thing exactly. Okay, so that makes a lot 0:17:01.560 --> 0:17:05.520 of sense. That's basically what Ben Franklin was observing, and 0:17:05.560 --> 0:17:07.520 he couldn't quite figure it out. And this is what 0:17:07.560 --> 0:17:11.440 Michael Faraday recreated and was able to explain that when 0:17:11.480 --> 0:17:16.440 you take a charged and electrically charged external object and 0:17:16.560 --> 0:17:20.959 apply it to a conductor, the opposite of whatever that 0:17:21.040 --> 0:17:24.639 charges is going to go toward it. The particles that 0:17:24.680 --> 0:17:27.200 are the same charge, you're going to move away from it. Yeah, 0:17:27.200 --> 0:17:29.240 they're repelled by it. And you have a good point 0:17:29.280 --> 0:17:30.760 in here. We talk We used to talk a lot 0:17:30.800 --> 0:17:34.640 about homeostasis, and that's kind of what's going on here, 0:17:34.680 --> 0:17:37.960 is that those negative electrons I want to cancel out 0:17:38.000 --> 0:17:40.760 that charge coming at them with my electrified hand and 0:17:40.800 --> 0:17:42.239 just get back to neutral. They want to hang out 0:17:42.280 --> 0:17:45.160 with the protons again exactly, So they're trying to offset 0:17:45.200 --> 0:17:49.760 that positive charge with their own their own charge. But um, 0:17:49.800 --> 0:17:54.840 so that the negative electrons and the positive holes I 0:17:54.880 --> 0:17:59.399 guess create an electrical field on the outside, but it 0:17:59.600 --> 0:18:02.280 keeps that electrical charge to the outside. This is what 0:18:02.400 --> 0:18:06.679 Faraday found. It stays outside. On the inside, there is 0:18:06.720 --> 0:18:09.879 no electrical charge. What doesn't quite make sense until you 0:18:09.880 --> 0:18:11.560 start to dig into it a little more. And it 0:18:11.600 --> 0:18:14.960 has to do with that electrostatic conduction where the positively 0:18:15.040 --> 0:18:19.160 charged stuff moves to the inside, the negative stuff moves 0:18:19.160 --> 0:18:24.320 to the outside, and because the inside is positively charged 0:18:24.680 --> 0:18:28.040 and the positive charge is also on the outside, they 0:18:28.119 --> 0:18:31.119 cancel one another out, so there is no charge on 0:18:31.160 --> 0:18:35.719 the inside, right, And that's why Ben Franklin's corkball just 0:18:35.760 --> 0:18:38.160 sat there, didn't do anything when you put it down 0:18:38.200 --> 0:18:40.480 in there. And that's why I mean, I guess, Topo Chico, 0:18:40.800 --> 0:18:42.520 it's a bad example because I would have a liquid 0:18:42.520 --> 0:18:45.399 in there. Well, we drank it already, all right, we 0:18:45.480 --> 0:18:47.600 drank it all Yeah, we opened up that can. It's 0:18:47.600 --> 0:18:50.280 a giant Topo Chico can that we are standing in 0:18:51.080 --> 0:18:57.480 totally unharmed because the electrostatic current is kept outside. Because 0:18:57.520 --> 0:19:00.400 here's there are a couple of things that far Day 0:19:00.400 --> 0:19:03.199 figured out that a conductor does in this sense that 0:19:03.320 --> 0:19:06.320 creates what we understand is a Faraday cage, and that 0:19:06.600 --> 0:19:10.280 it keeps a charge from developing on the inside. Um 0:19:10.320 --> 0:19:15.120 because it distributes the electric electrostatic charge just to the outside. 0:19:15.160 --> 0:19:17.360 It keeps it outside, and so it acts as a shield. 0:19:18.000 --> 0:19:22.640 It actually shields a charge from coming inside. So when 0:19:22.640 --> 0:19:25.040 you're inside a Faraday cage, whether it's a giant topo 0:19:25.119 --> 0:19:29.600 Chico cane, or your car or an airplane, you're actually 0:19:29.640 --> 0:19:33.520 protected from being shocked or electrocuted by the electrical field 0:19:33.560 --> 0:19:37.400 that is distributed strictly to the outside of the conductor. Yeah, 0:19:37.440 --> 0:19:41.080 and it's this shield that that's where the application of 0:19:41.119 --> 0:19:43.720 this really comes into play. Otherwise it would just be 0:19:43.800 --> 0:19:46.320 kind of a fun experiment. But then humans are like, wait, 0:19:46.359 --> 0:19:50.119 this is actually pretty important because we can use this stuff. Um, 0:19:50.359 --> 0:19:53.919 how effective that shield is h is really dependent on 0:19:53.960 --> 0:19:56.600 what kind of Faraday cage you have. It can be 0:19:57.119 --> 0:19:59.440 depends on the metal that you're using, and how conductive 0:19:59.440 --> 0:20:02.800 it is, depends on the size of Like if it's 0:20:03.000 --> 0:20:05.760 a mesh, it depends on how big the holes are. 0:20:06.359 --> 0:20:09.359 If it's like your old plaster and laugh walls in 0:20:09.400 --> 0:20:13.040 your house, you might realize that you don't get as 0:20:13.080 --> 0:20:15.760 good as an Internet signal in one room of your 0:20:15.800 --> 0:20:18.160 home that might still have that plaster and laugh. Yes, 0:20:18.240 --> 0:20:21.199 Because so there's a second thing that Faraday cages do 0:20:21.320 --> 0:20:23.800 their magic. I said, they're really weird. It doesn't make 0:20:23.840 --> 0:20:26.920 any sense, but this is just what they figured out happens. 0:20:27.240 --> 0:20:29.880 The second thing that it does is remember I said 0:20:29.880 --> 0:20:38.480 that electro magnetic waves like radio waves, gamma waves, X rays, microwaves, Yeah, microwaves, UM, 0:20:38.520 --> 0:20:42.400 those are a there. They're basically from the same family 0:20:42.960 --> 0:20:47.000 as an electrical current UM. And so the Faraday cage 0:20:47.000 --> 0:20:50.760 actually prevents their intrusion as well. So the second thing 0:20:50.760 --> 0:20:54.159 it does is prevent these kind of waves from coming in. Uh. 0:20:54.200 --> 0:20:56.960 And it all depends on what it's made from. And 0:20:57.240 --> 0:20:59.919 you know what the size and shape of the Faraday cages, 0:21:00.320 --> 0:21:02.919 right or getting out in the case of a microwave. 0:21:03.440 --> 0:21:05.280 If you look at that door of your microwave and 0:21:05.359 --> 0:21:09.240 you see a little grid pattern, that's a fair Day cage. 0:21:09.920 --> 0:21:12.120 I say we take another break and then come back 0:21:12.160 --> 0:21:15.760 and talk about some real life applications in addition to 0:21:16.280 --> 0:21:19.080 microwaves of fair Day cages. What do you think, let's 0:21:19.080 --> 0:21:32.280 do it stuck, stuck, stuck. I don't know that you 0:21:32.320 --> 0:21:36.440 know it stuck in this stuck. That's a great name. 0:21:37.440 --> 0:21:40.800 That's the name of it. It's a great name. All right. 0:21:41.200 --> 0:21:43.240 You got your favor Day cage, your fair Day shield, 0:21:43.960 --> 0:21:47.679 your RF cage, radio frequency all these are just different 0:21:47.760 --> 0:21:49.679 names for the same thing. Your e m F cage 0:21:49.800 --> 0:21:56.959 Electromotive force cage, your KLF cage, Sure, kmf DM cage. 0:21:59.760 --> 0:22:03.000 Uh what was k What was the first one? He said, 0:22:03.200 --> 0:22:09.240 KLF K Yeah what was that? Was that a group, 0:22:09.359 --> 0:22:11.560 the KLF. Yeah, but they had like one song they 0:22:11.600 --> 0:22:15.320 had were one hit wonder. Basically, I think they were 0:22:15.359 --> 0:22:20.280 the ones that set a million pounds on fire. I 0:22:20.320 --> 0:22:23.480 bet they regret that they did. They actually held a 0:22:23.600 --> 0:22:28.840 very um unsuccessful Kickstarter they that million pounds back years later. 0:22:28.880 --> 0:22:30.760 I was about to make a joke and say kickstarter, 0:22:30.840 --> 0:22:33.720 but they really did, Yes, they did. Um, maybe they'll 0:22:33.720 --> 0:22:37.200 write us. I think it was KALF km DM, I 0:22:37.240 --> 0:22:39.879 can't remember. It might have been KMFDM. Who was it 0:22:39.960 --> 0:22:42.600 that we thought was writing us at one point? But 0:22:42.720 --> 0:22:47.400 it was a fake Louis Bega. Yeah they got as 0:22:47.440 --> 0:22:51.399 good now? Am I okay to talk about that? The 0:22:51.440 --> 0:22:55.239 Loue Bega incident. It's a good band name. Jerry's over here, 0:22:55.320 --> 0:22:57.880 laugh is he remembers up bigger for the Loue Bega 0:22:57.920 --> 0:23:02.320 ins Like, he even uses his picture on his Twitter handle. 0:23:02.359 --> 0:23:05.480 We're like, oh, well that checks, yeah, yeah, that's it's 0:23:05.520 --> 0:23:10.280 loup Vega. He's verified the Mama number five guy. Um oh, 0:23:10.359 --> 0:23:15.119 he wasn't even verified. That was the dopes. Such dopes. 0:23:15.880 --> 0:23:18.520 So we have been talking a lot about the fair 0:23:18.560 --> 0:23:21.480 day cage and what they can be used for. And 0:23:21.600 --> 0:23:24.520 one of the things that can be used for is like, 0:23:24.600 --> 0:23:26.400 let's say you're in a lab, in a science lab 0:23:26.440 --> 0:23:28.679 and you want to conduct an experiment and a truly 0:23:28.720 --> 0:23:34.640 neutral setting with no electromagnetic field at all, because nothing 0:23:34.640 --> 0:23:36.560 going on. We said, these are energy waves that are 0:23:36.600 --> 0:23:38.600 just flowing through the air. Just because you can't see him, 0:23:38.600 --> 0:23:40.280 doesn't mean they're not there. But yeah, so it can 0:23:40.320 --> 0:23:42.639 affect a lot of experiment. So you might want to 0:23:42.640 --> 0:23:46.160 have a fair day cage built for your science lab. 0:23:46.480 --> 0:23:49.399 That's a big one. If you are at a university 0:23:49.440 --> 0:23:52.040 that's more than a two bit university, they're probably going 0:23:52.080 --> 0:23:54.320 to have Faraday cages here there around some of their 0:23:54.400 --> 0:23:56.680 labs for sure. Yeah, of course, you want to go 0:23:57.000 --> 0:23:59.680 to a hospital and uh, look for a fair day cage. 0:23:59.760 --> 0:24:01.480 Go take me to the m r I lab and 0:24:01.520 --> 0:24:04.800 they'll say, yes, sir, click their heels together and take 0:24:04.840 --> 0:24:07.280 you to see a fair day cage. Because um, that 0:24:07.880 --> 0:24:11.200 either the m r I machine or possibly the room 0:24:11.240 --> 0:24:13.600 that the m r I machine is in. Maybe even 0:24:13.680 --> 0:24:18.720