WEBVTT - Selects: How Moss Works 0:00:00.640 --> 0:00:03.360 Hello friends, Charles W. Chuck Bryan here on a Saturday. 0:00:04.000 --> 0:00:07.560 Well it's really a Tuesday. Actually it's a Thursday, but 0:00:07.720 --> 0:00:10.240 in your world it's a Saturday. So let's just pretend 0:00:10.320 --> 0:00:15.320 it's Saturday. This episode Everybody is about Moss. Is Moss boring? No, 0:00:15.560 --> 0:00:18.320 not at all. Moss is actually really cool and if 0:00:18.320 --> 0:00:21.079 you listen to this episode from June, you'll learn it 0:00:21.079 --> 0:00:31.400 for yourself. So check it out. Everybody, how Moss works. 0:00:31.440 --> 0:00:34.239 Welcome to Stuff you should know, a production of I 0:00:34.360 --> 0:00:43.840 Heart Radio. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark. 0:00:44.000 --> 0:00:46.960 There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, who now refuses to do 0:00:47.120 --> 0:00:51.600 the cheeks everyone. So I can't vouch for how good 0:00:51.760 --> 0:00:54.440 the episodes will be from this point on. Cheeks are done. 0:00:54.480 --> 0:00:57.400 I don't care about them anymore. We'll see, okay, I mean, 0:00:57.440 --> 0:01:00.320 if we started nos dive, you're doing the cheaks again. Nope. 0:01:00.640 --> 0:01:02.640 I will seek to it that you do the cheeks. 0:01:02.720 --> 0:01:04.840 You can't do it, well, well I will stand on 0:01:04.880 --> 0:01:07.280 your chest. Ben will grab one cheek, Jerry will grab 0:01:07.319 --> 0:01:10.240 the other, and the cheeks will be done. That for 0:01:10.280 --> 0:01:11.840 people who don't know we're talking about and it sounds 0:01:11.880 --> 0:01:15.520 like really gross. So everybody knows what we're talking about. 0:01:16.040 --> 0:01:19.480 Chuck does a little cheek poll to start off each episode. 0:01:19.480 --> 0:01:21.720 It's a little good luck charm. And now he's suddenly 0:01:21.720 --> 0:01:23.720 decided he's not going to do that anymore. So I 0:01:23.720 --> 0:01:25.720 have a new good luck charm. What is it? It's 0:01:25.760 --> 0:01:29.160 called not doing cheeks. It's not it's a bad luck. 0:01:30.000 --> 0:01:32.520 So I've got a joke for you to open this 0:01:32.560 --> 0:01:34.440 one up? Do you really? And I made it up today. 0:01:35.440 --> 0:01:37.760 It's a made up joke. I don't want to hear. 0:01:38.400 --> 0:01:44.080 What do you call a reproducing sphagnum? What, Randy Moss? 0:01:46.760 --> 0:01:50.000 That's pretty good? Not bad? No, no, no, that's that's 0:01:50.000 --> 0:01:52.520 into the realm of pretty good. Yeah, yeah, that's good. 0:01:52.600 --> 0:01:54.720 I think if I was a tour guided a like 0:01:54.800 --> 0:01:57.640 a nature, like a firm, bank, science and or something 0:01:57.960 --> 0:02:01.400 that would be my go to for the kids to 0:02:01.440 --> 0:02:03.520 try and identify with them. I don't think the kids 0:02:03.560 --> 0:02:06.400 would like it as much as maybe the teacher. The 0:02:06.400 --> 0:02:08.880 teacher would be like, that's pretty funny. And by the way, 0:02:09.040 --> 0:02:13.799 those Brownie high socks you're wearing are great. Um, well, 0:02:13.919 --> 0:02:18.280 I'm going to give an intro an addition to the joke. 0:02:18.960 --> 0:02:20.840 The intro joke. Maybe that should be your new good 0:02:20.919 --> 0:02:23.800 luck thing you tell you make a joke, make up 0:02:23.840 --> 0:02:26.240 a joke for every That would be welcome back Carter. 0:02:27.120 --> 0:02:29.760 Did they have a joke for everyone? Yeah? He introde 0:02:29.840 --> 0:02:33.880 every show by or maybe it was outrode by telling 0:02:33.880 --> 0:02:38.200 a joke to his wife. Oh yeah, I hadn't picked 0:02:38.280 --> 0:02:40.240 up on that. I only saw like maybe two episodes 0:02:40.240 --> 0:02:43.079 of that show. Well then you heard two jokes, yeah, 0:02:43.240 --> 0:02:46.640 plus all the other jokes. Was his wife one and 0:02:46.639 --> 0:02:51.880 the same with um Bailey from w carp. Didn't they 0:02:51.919 --> 0:02:54.800 look alike? Were they the same person? I don't know 0:02:54.840 --> 0:02:57.560 if they were the same person, but they definitely seem 0:02:57.639 --> 0:03:00.639 the same. And they both were gasses. They had the 0:03:00.680 --> 0:03:05.359 feathered hat, long feathered haired seventies ladies. Yeah. I don't 0:03:05.360 --> 0:03:07.160 think they were the same though, but they were both 0:03:07.160 --> 0:03:10.840 probably in the love boat. Yes, yes, within five years 0:03:11.200 --> 0:03:14.720 as like a way to revitalize their career. Um, Chuck, 0:03:14.800 --> 0:03:17.040 I was going to talk about the ice age, the 0:03:17.080 --> 0:03:21.000 beginning of the ice age, or of ice ages glacial periods. 0:03:21.320 --> 0:03:24.680 Remember right now we're in the midst of an interglacial period, right. 0:03:25.040 --> 0:03:28.520 I want you to think back way back four hundred 0:03:28.560 --> 0:03:32.400 and seventy million years ago, there was no such thing 0:03:32.639 --> 0:03:36.120 as a glacial period, and by proxy, there was no 0:03:36.200 --> 0:03:38.960 such thing as an interglacial period. All we had was 0:03:39.000 --> 0:03:44.440 one hot, soupy, barren mess of land and ocean, and 0:03:44.440 --> 0:03:50.040 that was it. That's right. This is what's called the 0:03:50.200 --> 0:03:54.920 Ordovician period or or Dvichan period, depending on where you 0:03:54.960 --> 0:03:59.320 come from. Uh and uh. The the beginning of this 0:03:59.400 --> 0:04:06.920 period is characterized by ice ages, and um paleo geologists 0:04:07.320 --> 0:04:09.240 I guess you could just call them geologists really, because 0:04:09.280 --> 0:04:14.480 nobody's studying like present stuff very much. It's mostly paleo geology, right. 0:04:15.520 --> 0:04:18.760 They were like, where did this ice age come from? Where? 0:04:18.800 --> 0:04:21.400 Like when did this start? And they figured out that 0:04:21.480 --> 0:04:24.359 what triggered this was the arrival of the very first 0:04:24.480 --> 0:04:29.000 basic land plants e g. Mosses, that's right. And they 0:04:29.040 --> 0:04:32.160 recently figured out, um, that mosses came about about four 0:04:32.600 --> 0:04:35.600 seventy million years ago, and they triggered these ice ages 0:04:35.680 --> 0:04:38.040 by latching onto rocks. So these were a certain type 0:04:38.080 --> 0:04:40.320 of moss as you and I know, called granite mosses, 0:04:41.120 --> 0:04:45.560 and they would actually leech materials from these rocks to 0:04:45.800 --> 0:04:48.920 use as nutrients and minerals. Right, these are like wheaties 0:04:49.000 --> 0:04:53.159 for moss. Early moss, Well, the moss started releasing stuff, 0:04:53.480 --> 0:04:57.520 releasing uh no, sucking in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere 0:04:57.600 --> 0:05:01.440 enough to reduce the global temperature mean temperature by eight 0:05:01.440 --> 0:05:05.040 degrees centigrade, which led to the beginning of ice ages 0:05:05.120 --> 0:05:07.680 and the ice age periods that we know and love. 0:05:07.760 --> 0:05:11.080 You can thank moss for. You go outside, you find 0:05:11.080 --> 0:05:13.240 a little bit of moss, You grab a little piece 0:05:13.279 --> 0:05:15.760 of it gently and then shake it sand shake it 0:05:15.839 --> 0:05:20.640 a little, say thanks for the ice ages. Well, we 0:05:20.680 --> 0:05:25.200 needed ice ages. Yeah, that remains to be seen. No, 0:05:25.320 --> 0:05:27.680 it's all part of the big soup. We've had some doubt. 0:05:27.839 --> 0:05:30.280 We've had some chilly, windy weather lately, and it has 0:05:30.320 --> 0:05:33.000 been getting to me like it's been like just seeing 0:05:33.000 --> 0:05:37.000 the trees, like getting whipped outside makes me feel chilly 0:05:37.120 --> 0:05:41.920 and then in turn I feel socially isolated and mad. Wow. Yeah, 0:05:41.960 --> 0:05:45.800 it's been really windy. Yeah. Crazy. So we're talking about moss. 0:05:45.880 --> 0:05:49.520 This is no joke. April is over by now. We're 0:05:49.560 --> 0:05:51.479 in it right now, but by the time it comes out. 0:05:51.520 --> 0:05:53.800 This is no April fool's joke. We're talking about moss 0:05:53.839 --> 0:05:57.280 and how it works, because it's part of our long 0:05:57.360 --> 0:06:00.680 parade of explaining absolutely everything in the no In universe 0:06:01.080 --> 0:06:03.360 that's right at mosses. Moss is part of that. It's 0:06:03.400 --> 0:06:06.000 part of that. So let's talk about moss. Well, moss 0:06:06.080 --> 0:06:08.919 is pretty fun and unique in some ways. If you 0:06:08.960 --> 0:06:14.200 ask me, uh, because unlike most flowering plants and trees, 0:06:14.880 --> 0:06:18.160 or let me go ahead and say it, all flowering prants, 0:06:18.200 --> 0:06:23.680 prants in trees, Um, they don't have roots like traditional 0:06:23.800 --> 0:06:29.039 root systems. Moss doesn't know mosses don't. They do not. Um, 0:06:29.080 --> 0:06:33.760 they don't germinate from seeds. Pretty weird. And uh, they 0:06:33.800 --> 0:06:41.719 don't gush water around through internal systems and systems. Yeah, 0:06:42.520 --> 0:06:46.320 and that's weird. It is, especially if you're familiar with plants. 0:06:46.600 --> 0:06:49.920 Then you're like, well, when moss is strangely for somebody, 0:06:50.000 --> 0:06:53.200 you know, an average bystander like me, I'm like, okay, well, 0:06:53.360 --> 0:06:56.360 moss doesn't do that and plants do. It doesn't seem 0:06:56.400 --> 0:06:59.920 particularly weird to me, but I do find it intriguing. 0:07:00.040 --> 0:07:02.559 It makes me want to know more about moss. Well, 0:07:03.279 --> 0:07:05.599 you've got about fifteen thousand species. If you want to 0:07:05.600 --> 0:07:09.440 talk about moss. Uh, Traditionally you were probably going to 0:07:09.560 --> 0:07:14.720 think of moss as the true moss. Well, let's back 0:07:14.800 --> 0:07:17.160 up a little bit. They're related to the liver wort 0:07:17.240 --> 0:07:21.320 and hornwart. Yeah, I've seen I saw other articles on moss, 0:07:21.360 --> 0:07:24.040 and everybody points that out for some reason. I'm I'm 0:07:24.040 --> 0:07:26.320 not sure if they're like, I gotta put ten things 0:07:26.320 --> 0:07:28.920 in about moss, and that's what I got nine until's 0:07:28.960 --> 0:07:33.280 put that. Uh they are in the phylum uh Brio fida, 0:07:34.120 --> 0:07:36.560 and they're in three groups. You've got the granite mosses, 0:07:36.560 --> 0:07:39.480 the pete mosses, and true mosses. Um. True mosses are 0:07:39.480 --> 0:07:41.640 probably what we're going to think of when you think 0:07:41.680 --> 0:07:45.360 of the little green carpet like padding that you see 0:07:45.360 --> 0:07:47.960 every kind of fallen tree, uniforest or something. Yeah, and 0:07:47.960 --> 0:07:52.560 there are tons of true moss, like fourteen thousand species um. 0:07:52.720 --> 0:07:58.680 Granite mosses are blackish, small growing Arctic regions in the 0:07:58.720 --> 0:08:02.920 mountains on rocks. They're the most ancient moss apparently, that's right. 0:08:02.960 --> 0:08:05.280 And they're only about a hundred species of that. And 0:08:05.320 --> 0:08:11.680 then the final sub group is the pete moss grows 0:08:11.720 --> 0:08:14.600 in bogs. Have you ever been in a bog, then 0:08:14.640 --> 0:08:20.080 you've probably seen some petemas or sphagnum moss, right, And 0:08:20.160 --> 0:08:23.800 that's the money moss because you can burn it and 0:08:23.880 --> 0:08:27.320 convert it to electricity and charge money for it. That's 0:08:27.320 --> 0:08:30.120 why it. Sphagnum is the money moss. And oddly or 0:08:30.160 --> 0:08:34.320 not oddly but remarkably moss. The sphagnum moss do you 0:08:34.440 --> 0:08:36.679 use as a soil conditioner. We do that in our 0:08:36.679 --> 0:08:40.360 garden because some of it can hold twenty times it's 0:08:40.440 --> 0:08:43.679 dry weight and water. It's pretty amazing. That's very amazing. 0:08:43.800 --> 0:08:47.720 That's some strong moss. You're gonna find moss all over 0:08:47.760 --> 0:08:51.520 the place, including places where you won't find any other 0:08:52.120 --> 0:08:56.440 living plants, like the bottom of an Arctic or Antarctic lake. 0:08:56.880 --> 0:09:00.160 That is pretty impressive. Like the only multi cellule or 0:09:00.920 --> 0:09:05.959 plant growing down there is moss. And it grows really slow. 0:09:06.040 --> 0:09:09.200 I think as little as one centimeter per year, this 0:09:10.000 --> 0:09:13.600 aquatic moss at the bottom of these frozen lakes. And 0:09:14.040 --> 0:09:17.640 that is the slowest growing and longest living a fresh 0:09:17.679 --> 0:09:20.480 water plant ever recorded, I would guess. So it's kind 0:09:20.480 --> 0:09:25.640 of like um putting somebody on ice, right, slowing down 0:09:25.640 --> 0:09:29.360 the cellular processes, but they're still active. So you could 0:09:29.880 --> 0:09:33.719 by by in theory extend their lifespan, right, that's right, 0:09:33.880 --> 0:09:36.640 same thing with moss. Yeah, it's probably even easier with moss. 0:09:37.800 --> 0:09:40.720 And by that same token, um, the zombie moss. I 0:09:40.720 --> 0:09:44.480 thought it was pretty cool. Yeah, you could dry some 0:09:44.520 --> 0:09:48.920 mosses out for nineteen years without water, and if you 0:09:48.960 --> 0:09:52.400 add water to it, it'll you knows itself, it'll turn 0:09:52.480 --> 0:09:56.079 into a big dinosaur. It's pretty cool though. They can 0:09:56.120 --> 0:09:58.640 go dormant for that long. Yeah, it's amazing, And all 0:09:58.679 --> 0:10:02.040 mosses can go dormant's like one of their defense mechanisms. 0:10:02.040 --> 0:10:05.520 Still just turn brown and dry out and there an 0:10:05.640 --> 0:10:09.120 endormant state. Unfortunately, you can't really tell, like what the 0:10:09.120 --> 0:10:12.800 differences between dead and dormant until you add water and 0:10:12.800 --> 0:10:15.640 see if it comes back. That's the only way to 0:10:15.679 --> 0:10:19.760 determine the length of a moss's dormancy. Oh so if 0:10:19.800 --> 0:10:21.720 you add water and it just stays dead, then it 0:10:21.840 --> 0:10:25.400 was dead. That's sad. Um. So you said there's like 0:10:25.400 --> 0:10:29.360 fifteen thousand species and they kind of range in size 0:10:29.480 --> 0:10:33.840 and shape and texture color. Um, some of the I 0:10:33.880 --> 0:10:40.480 think the peat mosses grow different colors like rose yea, 0:10:40.720 --> 0:10:43.400 some grow black like the granite moss. You said some 0:10:43.520 --> 0:10:46.960 are silver, which is amazing. Um. And then there's the 0:10:47.000 --> 0:10:52.199 smallest mosses, the Ephemorum, which is uh half a millimeter tall. 0:10:52.440 --> 0:10:56.319 That's crazy, that's adult size. Um. And then there's the Dawsonia, 0:10:56.400 --> 0:11:00.680 which is up to almost thirty inches seventy centimeters in height, 0:11:01.400 --> 0:11:28.199 which that's pretty wide variety. Okay, some moss is fairly interesting. 0:11:28.280 --> 0:11:31.520 So far, let's talk about the individual plants. Because when 0:11:31.559 --> 0:11:34.080 you look at um moss and you think about moss, 0:11:34.720 --> 0:11:38.719 you're thinking of a carpet of plants, right, Those are 0:11:38.720 --> 0:11:42.839 actually like a bunch of little plants put together. Correct. Yeah, okay, yeah, sure, 0:11:42.880 --> 0:11:44.360 that's that's one way I think of it. So when 0:11:44.400 --> 0:11:48.640 you're when you're talking about moss um, when you're talking 0:11:48.679 --> 0:11:52.440 about the individual parts or the individual plants, they're pretty simple. 0:11:52.800 --> 0:11:56.480 They're pretty basic. You have um something called the gameta 0:11:56.559 --> 0:12:00.480 fight which is the stem and the leaves. Right, that's right. 0:12:00.640 --> 0:12:04.840 The leaves are generally arranged in a spiral pattern. Uh. 0:12:04.840 --> 0:12:07.960 And the leaves are usually um a lance shaped with 0:12:08.000 --> 0:12:10.559 like a point. Right. That's where you're gonna find your 0:12:10.600 --> 0:12:15.760 reproductive parts, right. Um. At the bottom, there's rhizoids instead 0:12:15.800 --> 0:12:18.520 of roots. Remember, these are not roots and um, so 0:12:18.600 --> 0:12:23.319 they don't anchor themselves to anything necessarily. They will the 0:12:23.400 --> 0:12:26.120 anchor themselves to like maybe organic material something, but it's 0:12:26.160 --> 0:12:30.520 not into the dirt um. And they also don't they 0:12:30.559 --> 0:12:33.400 don't suck up water in the same way that roots do, 0:12:33.480 --> 0:12:35.920 but they do use rhizoids a lot of it's kind 0:12:35.920 --> 0:12:39.880 of academic. The difference is really between rhizoids and roots. 0:12:41.080 --> 0:12:43.440 In my opinion. Sure, I'm going to get some mail 0:12:43.480 --> 0:12:46.400 about that, but I think that they're very similar. Well yeah, 0:12:46.400 --> 0:12:47.800 but I mean the fact that it can grow on 0:12:47.840 --> 0:12:50.560 a rock kind of instead of soil kind of says 0:12:50.559 --> 0:12:56.360 it all excellent. Okay, So um in the uh gamda fight, 0:12:56.880 --> 0:12:59.440 you're gonna have, like I said, you're reproductive parts both 0:12:59.480 --> 0:13:03.000 mail and male um. And then we'll mention this because 0:13:03.000 --> 0:13:04.640 it comes around later on when we talk about the 0:13:04.640 --> 0:13:08.199 reproduction emerging from the top of the female gameta fight 0:13:08.280 --> 0:13:11.079 is a sporta fight and a thin stock called a 0:13:11.160 --> 0:13:13.560 sita and a little brown ball on top of that 0:13:13.600 --> 0:13:17.120 known as the um capsule, right, and then on top 0:13:17.160 --> 0:13:19.960 of that is the a perculum, and it's like a 0:13:19.960 --> 0:13:23.959 little hat that the capsule wears um and that that 0:13:24.000 --> 0:13:27.880 comes into play. Uh, well, let's talk about how it 0:13:27.920 --> 0:13:31.120 gets nutrients. Then we'll talk about the dirty stuff, the 0:13:31.280 --> 0:13:33.840 Randy moss. Yeah exactly. That was a pretty funny joke. 0:13:34.040 --> 0:13:37.960 That was silly, Okay. So um, A moss needs a 0:13:38.000 --> 0:13:41.440 few things to live, and one of those is water, 0:13:41.640 --> 0:13:45.720 of course, possibly one of the most important ingredients, because 0:13:45.720 --> 0:13:50.280 it aids in not just the not just photosynthesis, but 0:13:50.440 --> 0:13:53.880 also in reproduction, which we'll see. Yeah. I don't want 0:13:53.880 --> 0:13:56.240 to get ahead of ourselves. Boy, we've really built up 0:13:56.280 --> 0:14:01.160 this sexy monster. Not as interesting as we're making it. Yeah, 0:14:01.280 --> 0:14:04.760 there's no like riding crops involved or anything like that. Well, 0:14:04.800 --> 0:14:09.319 but there are parts. Yeah, all right, okay, so um. Yeah, 0:14:09.360 --> 0:14:11.319 and I was surprised by the number of parts. I 0:14:11.360 --> 0:14:13.320 didn't realize they were that involved. I thought it was like, 0:14:13.520 --> 0:14:18.320 here's a spore and go forth and reproduce. Um anyway, 0:14:18.559 --> 0:14:23.800 with with that water that moss needs because moss mosses 0:14:23.880 --> 0:14:26.320 need like pretty much across the board. One of their 0:14:26.360 --> 0:14:30.240 great characteristics is a moist environment, right, um, And they 0:14:30.280 --> 0:14:32.880 need this water or they get this water since they 0:14:32.960 --> 0:14:35.320 lack roots in a number of different ways. Some have 0:14:35.520 --> 0:14:39.880 very absorbent leaf surfaces where you can pour drop of 0:14:39.880 --> 0:14:42.160 water on a leaf and it goes. It's just gone. 0:14:42.240 --> 0:14:46.320 It's pretty amazing thing to watch. Spongey. Sure. Um. And 0:14:46.360 --> 0:14:50.080 then another way is the rizhoids, which although they aren't roots, 0:14:50.240 --> 0:14:52.840 still managed to suck up water. And they do this 0:14:52.880 --> 0:14:54.840 through capillary action in the same way that like a 0:14:54.880 --> 0:14:58.280 paper towel. If you if you put a drop of 0:14:58.280 --> 0:15:01.240 paper drop of water in your hitchen counter, ask your 0:15:01.240 --> 0:15:04.360 mom first before doing this, because someone will freak out 0:15:04.400 --> 0:15:07.200 on you if you do something like this. Um, put 0:15:07.240 --> 0:15:10.760 a drop of water on your kitchen counter and take 0:15:10.800 --> 0:15:15.120 a single thing of paper towel, set it next to it, 0:15:15.240 --> 0:15:19.800 just barely touching, and the paper towel go suck it up. 0:15:19.840 --> 0:15:23.360 It's amazing. That's capillary action and it's the result of 0:15:23.440 --> 0:15:27.320 the UM adhesion. In this case, let's say with rhizomes, 0:15:27.520 --> 0:15:32.080 the adhesion of water molecule to the rhizome rhizoid is 0:15:32.160 --> 0:15:37.760 greater than the UM cohesion between that water molecule and 0:15:37.800 --> 0:15:40.440 all the other water molecules. It's part of it's a 0:15:40.520 --> 0:15:46.600 quicker picker upper nice. Uh. So once you've got a 0:15:46.600 --> 0:15:48.520 little water in there, the water is going to be 0:15:48.960 --> 0:15:53.520 moved between cells um or transported through cells depending on 0:15:53.560 --> 0:15:57.040 the moss, and then you're gonna get your photosynthesis, which is, 0:15:57.320 --> 0:15:59.400 you know, part of being a plant. Did you like 0:15:59.480 --> 0:16:03.000 this analogy? I didn't find it apt necessarily. I just 0:16:03.040 --> 0:16:07.800 ignored it. So at the end of photosynthesis, you're gonna 0:16:07.880 --> 0:16:12.200 have sugar and oxygen as a byproduct. Releases the oxygen 0:16:12.320 --> 0:16:15.640 like a good little plant, and um eats the sugar 0:16:15.760 --> 0:16:21.160 basically yeah and says give me more, yes, UM, So 0:16:21.280 --> 0:16:25.040 it converts the sugar into energy to break down. Minerals 0:16:25.080 --> 0:16:28.880 say that it's leaked from rocks or a tree stump 0:16:28.960 --> 0:16:32.920 or whatever it's attached to to grow and to reproduce. 0:16:33.000 --> 0:16:35.800 That's right. I think we're at the sexy moss point. 0:16:37.360 --> 0:16:40.160 Reproduction occurs can occur in a couple of ways, and 0:16:40.200 --> 0:16:44.520 the first way is UM. For the reproduction tube. Again, 0:16:44.720 --> 0:16:50.640 we're gonna have to get a vase shaped um arcagonia. 0:16:50.720 --> 0:16:53.400 It's getting all like a Georgia O'Keefe painting in here. 0:16:53.480 --> 0:16:55.680 It is UM and that's gonna produce the eggs. It 0:16:55.720 --> 0:16:57.840 develops at the tip of the gameta fight, which we 0:16:57.920 --> 0:17:00.680 talked about. And then on the male side you've got 0:17:00.680 --> 0:17:05.360 the antheridia and that produces a sperm, and the sperm 0:17:05.400 --> 0:17:09.360 swims through basically fertilizes the eggs, which is why they 0:17:09.400 --> 0:17:12.000 need to be moist. Like you said, the sperm swims 0:17:12.040 --> 0:17:15.520 through nearby water to get to the egg. It's pretty remarkable. 0:17:15.720 --> 0:17:18.879 It's almost like a fish. Yeah, but it's a sperm, 0:17:18.920 --> 0:17:23.160 that's right, So it's more like a tadpole. Yeah, that's 0:17:23.240 --> 0:17:26.280 what you mean. Um. And then the egg getspur lies. 0:17:26.280 --> 0:17:28.960 You're gonna get a spora fight. Um. We already talked 0:17:28.960 --> 0:17:32.239 about the SPORTI fight. That's the tall, thin stalk with 0:17:32.280 --> 0:17:38.360 a little uh, a perculum at the top. A perculum 0:17:38.440 --> 0:17:40.439 is gonna open up at a certain point. That's the 0:17:40.480 --> 0:17:45.200 hat released. The tip of the hat happens, releases the spores, 0:17:46.000 --> 0:17:50.560 which are basically like seeds, and uh, there you have it. Well, yes, 0:17:50.720 --> 0:17:53.160 and then the spore goes and germinates like a seed. 0:17:53.480 --> 0:17:58.040 This this is what I'm saying, rhizoid root, spore seed. 0:17:58.359 --> 0:18:00.360 I mean, I know that there's some difference is here, 0:18:00.400 --> 0:18:05.480 but they're not that great anyway. The spore goes, lodges 0:18:05.520 --> 0:18:09.800 itself into a It's different than every other plant, every 0:18:09.840 --> 0:18:12.560 other millions of plants. Okay, I understand I get it. 0:18:12.680 --> 0:18:14.720 I know that there are differences. I'm just saying, like 0:18:15.119 --> 0:18:19.000 the difference between the two is not like a wow 0:18:19.119 --> 0:18:23.040 kind of thing for me. I get you. I wish 0:18:23.040 --> 0:18:27.680 it was. I understand. I'm not fighting yet. Um. So 0:18:27.880 --> 0:18:33.080 the the the the spore germinates into another plant and said, 0:18:33.119 --> 0:18:36.880 and the whole thing happens again, hopefully not with any 0:18:36.960 --> 0:18:42.000 plant that it's related to though. That's chriss um. So 0:18:42.119 --> 0:18:44.400 the other way it can reproduce is a sexually which 0:18:44.440 --> 0:18:47.960 is pretty cool. Um. And basically, if you've got enough 0:18:48.000 --> 0:18:51.400 moisture and a piece of moss breaks off and floats 0:18:51.440 --> 0:18:53.879 downstream or gets caught up in the wind and it 0:18:54.000 --> 0:18:57.160 roots down in a nice and moist place, it'll reproduce. 0:18:57.160 --> 0:19:00.159 It'll just start growing again. Yeah, it's pretty amazing. But 0:19:00.240 --> 0:19:06.679 it doesn't root rhizomes, rhizomes, rhizoids. What is the I 0:19:06.760 --> 0:19:14.960 think I'm confusing riboflaving with something else to get rhizomes. Um. Okay, 0:19:15.040 --> 0:19:19.880 so we have healthy, sexually active moss everywhere all over 0:19:19.920 --> 0:19:24.280 the place. We understand them. Um, I mean we understand 0:19:24.280 --> 0:19:26.520 them now, Like that's moss right there. Oh we left 0:19:26.520 --> 0:19:29.480 that one interesting fact. I thought, there's their leaves. The 0:19:29.600 --> 0:19:33.840 tiny little leaves are so small, they're very rarely one 0:19:34.040 --> 0:19:39.240 cell thick. Yeah that's tiny. Yeah, it's neat um. Okay, 0:19:39.280 --> 0:19:42.400 So now that we understand moss, if you have said 0:19:43.000 --> 0:19:46.000 I like moss a lot, I've seen moss before. I 0:19:46.040 --> 0:19:48.520 want to bring more moss into my life. I happen 0:19:48.560 --> 0:19:50.680 to have a yard, so I'm going to introduce moss 0:19:50.760 --> 0:19:54.639 to it. We we we now can say, yes, here's 0:19:54.640 --> 0:19:58.320 how you do it, because we understand moss, and here 0:19:58.400 --> 0:20:00.439 is how you do it. Yeah, and I I like 0:20:00.480 --> 0:20:03.119 the look a moss like to go between plants or 0:20:03.160 --> 0:20:08.359 like in Japanese gardens, mosses like big, yeah, crazy big. Uh. 0:20:08.480 --> 0:20:11.080 So if you want to grow some moss, one thing 0:20:11.119 --> 0:20:15.880 you can do sometimes is just transplant, like gently scrape 0:20:15.880 --> 0:20:17.919 it off that rock and a you know, sort of 0:20:17.960 --> 0:20:20.960 like a big chunk of like a carpet squares you 0:20:21.000 --> 0:20:23.960 can get and just throw it on the ground and 0:20:24.040 --> 0:20:28.359 water it water, and sometimes that will be important. It is, yeah, 0:20:28.480 --> 0:20:30.800 not always um if you if you put it in 0:20:30.800 --> 0:20:35.680 the right kind of place. Mosses require low sunlight basically shade. 0:20:36.040 --> 0:20:38.399 In fact, if you have low sunlight and you have 0:20:38.440 --> 0:20:40.879 trouble growing grass, moss is a great alternative. It is 0:20:41.000 --> 0:20:43.960 very much so um you So they want low sunlight 0:20:44.080 --> 0:20:48.120 or shade um and they also prefer low acidity um, 0:20:48.240 --> 0:20:52.000 lower acidity than turf grass prefers. So yeah, if you 0:20:52.040 --> 0:20:56.760 have a patchy piece of piece of yard, moss might 0:20:56.760 --> 0:20:59.639 grow there very well. So and just transplanting it like 0:20:59.680 --> 0:21:02.679 that could work, especially if you keep it water. You 0:21:02.720 --> 0:21:07.000 can also um try propagating it using a pretty ingenious 0:21:07.040 --> 0:21:10.680 little method of um taking a clump, a whole bunch 0:21:10.720 --> 0:21:15.040 of moss um, throwing it in a blender with some 0:21:15.080 --> 0:21:18.000 buttermilk and then taking that mixture with the paintbrush and 0:21:18.000 --> 0:21:21.720 painting it wherever you want. Very cool. Yeah, buttermilk it 0:21:21.800 --> 0:21:24.480 just must be the wonder thing for the moss. Yeah, 0:21:24.560 --> 0:21:28.600 it's like with the packed with nutrients. You also want 0:21:28.640 --> 0:21:32.520 to take care of your moss um as as low 0:21:32.600 --> 0:21:34.959 maintenance as it seems like. There is some things you 0:21:35.000 --> 0:21:38.240 have to do, like leaves, twigs, that kind of stuff. 0:21:38.560 --> 0:21:40.840 Since it's in a shady area, it's usually subject to 0:21:40.960 --> 0:21:43.120 those things falling on top of it, and then actually 0:21:43.440 --> 0:21:47.040 will um burn it like acid. There won't be a 0:21:47.040 --> 0:21:51.959 lot of growth in the area of your moss because 0:21:52.000 --> 0:21:54.840 the leaf is preventing it from doing its thing. Yes, 0:21:54.960 --> 0:21:57.400 you want to clean it off like with your carpet. Yes, 0:21:57.520 --> 0:22:01.760 maybe with a very light broom, very light. Yeah, a 0:22:01.840 --> 0:22:05.760 leafblower on a low setting, which you hate. Yeah, I 0:22:05.800 --> 0:22:08.359 just don't like the noise. But in this case it 0:22:08.400 --> 0:22:11.960 makes sense unless you have a very light broom, or 0:22:12.040 --> 0:22:14.399 you could just pick these things off individually, that's right. 0:22:15.000 --> 0:22:16.720 If it's got weeds, you don't want to yank the 0:22:16.760 --> 0:22:18.680 weeds out because that can yank up moss. You don't 0:22:18.680 --> 0:22:19.840 want to do that, so you just want to like 0:22:19.960 --> 0:22:22.919 snip it with scissors. And it's no wonder. This is 0:22:22.960 --> 0:22:26.639 popular in Japan because they're always more like tinder and 0:22:26.680 --> 0:22:29.000 carrying with their gardens. Anyone who has the patients for 0:22:29.480 --> 0:22:32.960 like bondsai and oor gami and things like that, well 0:22:33.080 --> 0:22:35.480 we'll snip weeds with scissors. You mean, I were in 0:22:35.560 --> 0:22:39.359 Kyoto and witnessed the man cutting the grass at a 0:22:39.600 --> 0:22:42.879 park with scissors. Yeah, my neighbor used to do that 0:22:42.960 --> 0:22:45.800 in my old house man, but his lam looked awesome. 0:22:46.000 --> 0:22:51.399 Oh beat. Yeah, I don't have time for that crap. 0:22:51.520 --> 0:23:17.960 No one has time for that. Um so yeah, keep 0:23:18.000 --> 0:23:20.840 it well fed. As in once a year aside from 0:23:20.840 --> 0:23:23.480 the water, you're gonna want to in mid spring get 0:23:23.520 --> 0:23:25.840 out your butter milk again, So basically like right now 0:23:26.119 --> 0:23:29.960 or like last week. Yeah, true, get about a quarter 0:23:29.960 --> 0:23:32.560 bottom buttermilk, mix it with a couple of gallons of water, 0:23:33.320 --> 0:23:36.720 and uh spray, yep, spray it all over and missed 0:23:36.720 --> 0:23:39.879 your moss. They love missed they do. They drink it 0:23:39.960 --> 0:23:44.800 up literally, yeah, well they use it capillary action to 0:23:44.920 --> 0:23:48.479 drink it up, no roots involved. Let's say you want 0:23:48.480 --> 0:23:50.800 to kill moss. Yeah, I thought that this is very interesting. 0:23:50.800 --> 0:23:52.639 In this article, it's like all pro moss and then 0:23:52.640 --> 0:23:54.480 all of a sudden it takes a really dark turn 0:23:55.160 --> 0:23:58.359 with the subject heading how to kill moss. Well, some 0:23:58.400 --> 0:24:01.120 people don't want it, you know, like they don't want 0:24:01.200 --> 0:24:03.720 ivy taking over their yard. They don't want moss taking 0:24:03.760 --> 0:24:06.119 over their yards. Although they point out in the article 0:24:06.200 --> 0:24:08.320 it's not going to take over your lawn because it's 0:24:08.320 --> 0:24:11.720 not going to grow where your lawn would grow. It's 0:24:11.720 --> 0:24:15.240 a lighten up. But if you're one of those people 0:24:15.280 --> 0:24:19.160 who are prone to slipping things, you may not want 0:24:19.200 --> 0:24:23.280 that on your sidewalk. Um. You definitely don't want moss 0:24:23.320 --> 0:24:26.040 on your roof. There's a sign that you have a 0:24:26.080 --> 0:24:28.879 big problem if you have moss on your roof, unless 0:24:28.920 --> 0:24:31.720 you are doing that on purpose, like a green roof, well, 0:24:31.760 --> 0:24:33.240 then you're not going to have the kind of roof 0:24:33.280 --> 0:24:35.359 that you have to worry about. Exactly. If you have 0:24:35.440 --> 0:24:38.200 a traditional shingled roof and you have moss, you need 0:24:38.240 --> 0:24:41.440 to do something about it for a couple of reasons. One, Uh, 0:24:41.440 --> 0:24:45.480