1 00:00:06,840 --> 00:00:12,039 Speaker 1: Welcome to Prognosis. I'm Laura Carlson. It's day fifty six 2 00:00:12,039 --> 00:00:17,520 Speaker 1: since coronavirus was declared a global pandemic. Our main story. 3 00:00:18,520 --> 00:00:22,560 Speaker 1: The world is watching closely as drug companies rates to 4 00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:26,720 Speaker 1: make a vaccine at warp speed. What does that race 5 00:00:26,760 --> 00:00:30,920 Speaker 1: actually look like? Close up? A participant in one of 6 00:00:30,920 --> 00:00:35,320 Speaker 1: the earliest vaccine clinical trials tells us what he's learning. 7 00:00:36,760 --> 00:00:54,000 Speaker 1: But first, here's what happened today. President Donald Trump says 8 00:00:54,040 --> 00:00:58,320 Speaker 1: the US must reopen for business, even if more Americans 9 00:00:58,480 --> 00:01:02,440 Speaker 1: get sick and die. The president said at an event 10 00:01:02,480 --> 00:01:06,240 Speaker 1: in Arizona that he knows restarting state economies will cause 11 00:01:06,360 --> 00:01:10,880 Speaker 1: more illness and death from the pandemic, but insists it's 12 00:01:10,920 --> 00:01:13,839 Speaker 1: a cost he's willing to pay to get the economy 13 00:01:14,240 --> 00:01:19,480 Speaker 1: back on track. As governors across the South and Midwest 14 00:01:19,720 --> 00:01:23,360 Speaker 1: have begun returning people to work, Trump said he's pivoting 15 00:01:23,520 --> 00:01:27,320 Speaker 1: to phase two of the nation's response to the pandemic. 16 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:33,839 Speaker 1: Phase two originally included disbanding the White House Coronavirus Task Force, 17 00:01:34,280 --> 00:01:37,120 Speaker 1: something the White House said in statements Tuesday it was 18 00:01:37,200 --> 00:01:43,720 Speaker 1: considering doing, but today Trump reversed himself, saying the task 19 00:01:43,760 --> 00:01:49,240 Speaker 1: force will continue indefinitely. In a series of tweets this morning, 20 00:01:49,480 --> 00:01:52,040 Speaker 1: the President said the task force will continue with a 21 00:01:52,120 --> 00:01:55,560 Speaker 1: focus on reopening the country, as well as the development 22 00:01:55,600 --> 00:02:01,639 Speaker 1: of vaccines and therapeutic treatments. Des Trump's desire to hasten 23 00:02:01,680 --> 00:02:05,200 Speaker 1: the end of lockdown rules and analysis by Bloomberg News 24 00:02:05,520 --> 00:02:09,000 Speaker 1: found that many states are doing so before they're ready, 25 00:02:09,520 --> 00:02:15,240 Speaker 1: even by Trump's own standards. Twenty states that have already 26 00:02:15,320 --> 00:02:19,120 Speaker 1: lifted restrictions don't meet the guidelines for reopening that were 27 00:02:19,160 --> 00:02:23,840 Speaker 1: set out by the White House last month. Many are 28 00:02:23,880 --> 00:02:28,320 Speaker 1: moving ahead with reopening businesses despite not having declining cases, 29 00:02:28,600 --> 00:02:33,080 Speaker 1: a declining percentage of positive tests, or hospital systems that 30 00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:38,120 Speaker 1: can withstand the strain of an outbreak. The UK is 31 00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:42,640 Speaker 1: likely to start easing it's coronavirus lockdown starting Monday, according 32 00:02:42,720 --> 00:02:47,440 Speaker 1: to Prime Minister Boris Johnson. Johnson promised to announce details 33 00:02:47,639 --> 00:02:51,520 Speaker 1: this weekend. Johnson said he will set out the next 34 00:02:51,520 --> 00:02:55,960 Speaker 1: phase of the coronavirus strategy in a public statement on Sunday, 35 00:02:56,000 --> 00:02:58,680 Speaker 1: because it would be a good thing if people know 36 00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:02,200 Speaker 1: what to expect before they changes come into operation the 37 00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:17,640 Speaker 1: next day and now our main story, dozens of research 38 00:03:17,720 --> 00:03:20,919 Speaker 1: teams across the world are racing to deliver a vaccine 39 00:03:21,080 --> 00:03:25,600 Speaker 1: for the coronavirus. People around the world are closely watching 40 00:03:25,600 --> 00:03:29,120 Speaker 1: the race because they see a vaccine as the key 41 00:03:29,240 --> 00:03:35,200 Speaker 1: to allowing the world to return to something like normal. Developing, testing, 42 00:03:35,280 --> 00:03:38,400 Speaker 1: and bringing a vaccine to market is a process that 43 00:03:38,520 --> 00:03:43,440 Speaker 1: usually takes years, even decades, but that process is being 44 00:03:43,640 --> 00:03:47,560 Speaker 1: ramped up to superspeed as the virus ravages the globe. 45 00:03:48,960 --> 00:03:51,680 Speaker 1: Some have promised we may see something as soon as 46 00:03:51,720 --> 00:03:55,520 Speaker 1: the end of this year. Most medical experts believe that's 47 00:03:55,600 --> 00:04:01,480 Speaker 1: highly unlikely, but the races on a small group of volunteers. 48 00:04:01,520 --> 00:04:06,280 Speaker 1: It's already receiving an experimental vaccine. Jason Gale spoke to 49 00:04:06,320 --> 00:04:09,040 Speaker 1: one of the first to get a dose. He gives 50 00:04:09,120 --> 00:04:12,840 Speaker 1: us a peek inside the fast moving world of coronavirus 51 00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:22,919 Speaker 1: vaccine development. When the University of Oxford recently sought volunteers 52 00:04:22,920 --> 00:04:28,200 Speaker 1: to test an experimental coronavirus vaccine, thousands signed up. Another 53 00:04:28,240 --> 00:04:30,920 Speaker 1: Australian was one of the first two people to roll 54 00:04:31,000 --> 00:04:34,200 Speaker 1: up their sleeve for the shot. I am Dr Edward O'Neill, 55 00:04:34,480 --> 00:04:37,800 Speaker 1: a post doctoral researcher in the Department of Oncology at 56 00:04:37,800 --> 00:04:40,880 Speaker 1: the University of Oxford. Not a medical doctor, but a scientist, 57 00:04:41,279 --> 00:04:48,240 Speaker 1: and I'm a trial participant of the COVID nineteen vaccine. 58 00:04:49,760 --> 00:04:52,440 Speaker 1: It is thirty. He lives in Oxford, where he's doing 59 00:04:52,480 --> 00:04:56,640 Speaker 1: post doctoral research on nuking cancer with radiation. He heard 60 00:04:56,640 --> 00:04:59,440 Speaker 1: about the COVID nineteen vaccine study in an email from 61 00:04:59,480 --> 00:05:02,719 Speaker 1: the Universe City. He discussed the risks with his wife 62 00:05:03,120 --> 00:05:05,720 Speaker 1: and decided to give it a go. It turns out 63 00:05:05,920 --> 00:05:09,200 Speaker 1: he was lucky to get in. I myself am one 64 00:05:09,240 --> 00:05:11,800 Speaker 1: of over five thousand people who wanted to actually join 65 00:05:11,839 --> 00:05:14,479 Speaker 1: the study, so they actually had to stop enrollment. So 66 00:05:14,520 --> 00:05:17,919 Speaker 1: it's not for lack of willing volunteers. Everyone wanted to 67 00:05:17,960 --> 00:05:21,200 Speaker 1: be a part of this. It was an overwhelming vote 68 00:05:21,200 --> 00:05:24,560 Speaker 1: of confidence in the experimental vaccine, but also in the 69 00:05:24,600 --> 00:05:28,120 Speaker 1: track record of Oxford's Jenna Institute. The center was named 70 00:05:28,160 --> 00:05:32,400 Speaker 1: after Edward Jenner, a pioneer of immunization. I think eighteenth 71 00:05:32,440 --> 00:05:36,760 Speaker 1: century dairy maids and cow pox. Fast forward two years, 72 00:05:36,800 --> 00:05:39,760 Speaker 1: and vaccines have come a long way since Jenner made 73 00:05:39,760 --> 00:05:43,720 Speaker 1: his inoculation against smallpox. I was familiar with the generous 74 00:05:43,720 --> 00:05:46,680 Speaker 1: aitute because it was just was just fascinated to hear 75 00:05:46,720 --> 00:05:49,160 Speaker 1: about what's going on and we would actually get lots 76 00:05:49,160 --> 00:05:50,920 Speaker 1: of Facebook guards asking us to fox sign up for 77 00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:55,200 Speaker 1: other trials as well. Um, it's common for them to 78 00:05:55,360 --> 00:05:59,520 Speaker 1: actually the investigating other diseases because they haven't been primarily 79 00:05:59,640 --> 00:06:03,880 Speaker 1: just working on the stars. The generous that you actually 80 00:06:04,200 --> 00:06:07,280 Speaker 1: had a number of vaccines was developing. These included a 81 00:06:07,320 --> 00:06:11,800 Speaker 1: vaccine against malaria, but more important one to fight another coronavirus. 82 00:06:12,240 --> 00:06:16,040 Speaker 1: It's the one that causes Mer's or Middle East respiratory syndrome. 83 00:06:16,640 --> 00:06:19,599 Speaker 1: That virus made the leap from camels to humans several 84 00:06:19,680 --> 00:06:21,840 Speaker 1: years ago and has infected about two and a half 85 00:06:21,880 --> 00:06:25,320 Speaker 1: thousand people, mostly in the Middle East. It's lethal in 86 00:06:25,360 --> 00:06:28,720 Speaker 1: about a third of cases, but isn't as easily transmitted 87 00:06:28,760 --> 00:06:33,280 Speaker 1: between people as the coronavirus that causes COVID nineteen. Importantly, 88 00:06:33,600 --> 00:06:37,680 Speaker 1: Oxford's experimental MERS vaccine has already been tested in people. 89 00:06:38,200 --> 00:06:41,280 Speaker 1: Oxford researchers reported in the lance At Medical Journal last 90 00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:44,800 Speaker 1: month that the vaccine was safe, well tolerated, and that 91 00:06:44,920 --> 00:06:48,360 Speaker 1: a single dose could elicit a broad protective immune response 92 00:06:48,640 --> 00:06:52,760 Speaker 1: against the MERS virus. Ed says it's quaidest decision to 93 00:06:52,800 --> 00:06:56,320 Speaker 1: participate in the COVID vaccine study because the two vaccines 94 00:06:56,360 --> 00:06:58,960 Speaker 1: are very similar. Um, I didn't think it was going 95 00:06:59,000 --> 00:07:02,960 Speaker 1: to be um any particular risk because I was confident 96 00:07:03,160 --> 00:07:05,840 Speaker 1: based upon the science. It's being based upon a known 97 00:07:06,120 --> 00:07:08,800 Speaker 1: mers vaccine that I've already developed an already trial it. 98 00:07:09,279 --> 00:07:12,240 Speaker 1: And I also thought would be really interesting experience to 99 00:07:12,320 --> 00:07:15,400 Speaker 1: see the patient perspective on the clinical trials. And so 100 00:07:15,920 --> 00:07:17,920 Speaker 1: at some point if you trial keen to have some 101 00:07:17,960 --> 00:07:21,040 Speaker 1: of my research progress to a clinical trial, so I say, 102 00:07:21,120 --> 00:07:22,920 Speaker 1: I wanted to see what that would be like as well. 103 00:07:29,040 --> 00:07:32,920 Speaker 1: So what was it like getting the JAB? Being a 104 00:07:33,000 --> 00:07:36,320 Speaker 1: volunteer means that they firstly have to you have to 105 00:07:36,440 --> 00:07:39,800 Speaker 1: meet the criteria just by an online questionnaire, and then 106 00:07:39,960 --> 00:07:42,680 Speaker 1: they bring you in. If you meet the criteria that 107 00:07:42,760 --> 00:07:44,680 Speaker 1: you're eligible for the study, and they want to do 108 00:07:44,840 --> 00:07:47,760 Speaker 1: a full medical to make sure that you're it and 109 00:07:47,840 --> 00:07:51,400 Speaker 1: healthy and also willing to take part. That you can 110 00:07:51,400 --> 00:07:55,560 Speaker 1: travel to their for regular blood tears after the vaccination, 111 00:07:55,960 --> 00:07:58,480 Speaker 1: and then they will call you up if you're eligible. 112 00:07:58,560 --> 00:08:01,000 Speaker 1: I only found out maybe like a week before the 113 00:08:01,360 --> 00:08:04,080 Speaker 1: actual injection. It involves a lot of care, a lot 114 00:08:04,120 --> 00:08:07,520 Speaker 1: of paperwork to make sure that they have healthy volunteers first, 115 00:08:08,040 --> 00:08:09,880 Speaker 1: and then the end goal is to actually then enroll 116 00:08:10,720 --> 00:08:12,880 Speaker 1: older people, but first we have to figure out what 117 00:08:12,960 --> 00:08:15,640 Speaker 1: works and healthy young people to then figure out if 118 00:08:15,720 --> 00:08:19,480 Speaker 1: older people can also create an immunity using the vaccine 119 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:21,880 Speaker 1: that is sufficient to protect them as well. So that's 120 00:08:22,240 --> 00:08:25,680 Speaker 1: there the most vulnerable groups, so we're targeting that will 121 00:08:25,720 --> 00:08:28,840 Speaker 1: the end goal. It has no idea whether he was 122 00:08:29,040 --> 00:08:32,960 Speaker 1: randomly selected to receive the candidate COVID vaccine or a 123 00:08:33,000 --> 00:08:36,640 Speaker 1: control shot that protects against manager cockal disease. The study 124 00:08:36,640 --> 00:08:39,040 Speaker 1: will look to see whether COVID was less common in 125 00:08:39,120 --> 00:08:44,079 Speaker 1: participants who got the experimental shot versus the control I mean, 126 00:08:44,080 --> 00:08:47,160 Speaker 1: there's the chance that I have the coronavirus that could 127 00:08:47,200 --> 00:08:50,520 Speaker 1: easily have got the control vaccine, but I feel perfectly fine. 128 00:08:50,920 --> 00:08:53,360 Speaker 1: But it's more important that I mean, i'm I'm I'm 129 00:08:53,400 --> 00:08:56,880 Speaker 1: only one person as well that this trial has expanded 130 00:08:56,880 --> 00:09:01,080 Speaker 1: to many, many people, and so now they're giving daily 131 00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:06,080 Speaker 1: temperature checks and daily symptoms sort of diary that's uploaded 132 00:09:06,080 --> 00:09:10,280 Speaker 1: every evening so that the study can know what's happening 133 00:09:10,280 --> 00:09:12,520 Speaker 1: with all the patients. The sad fact is is that 134 00:09:12,559 --> 00:09:15,160 Speaker 1: there's an outbreak and that's quite prevalent in the uk 135 00:09:15,720 --> 00:09:17,920 Speaker 1: UM and I think that Unfortunately, it's going to be 136 00:09:18,160 --> 00:09:21,920 Speaker 1: statistically likely that that's what they're counting on, that members 137 00:09:21,960 --> 00:09:25,160 Speaker 1: of the study will get infected, and hopefully it will 138 00:09:25,200 --> 00:09:30,160 Speaker 1: be the control group that actually have symptoms versus the 139 00:09:30,160 --> 00:09:34,680 Speaker 1: the Canada group. It says gauging the effect means a 140 00:09:34,760 --> 00:09:37,720 Speaker 1: lot of blood tests, so they are very interested in 141 00:09:37,760 --> 00:09:43,400 Speaker 1: a scientific analysis of the vaccine. They don't just give 142 00:09:43,440 --> 00:09:45,199 Speaker 1: you a shot and then send you off in the world. 143 00:09:45,320 --> 00:09:47,720 Speaker 1: They want to follow how your body is responding to it. 144 00:09:49,360 --> 00:09:52,320 Speaker 1: If all goes as planned, research is running the trial 145 00:09:52,480 --> 00:09:55,680 Speaker 1: so they'll have preliminary data to tell if it works 146 00:09:55,720 --> 00:10:00,040 Speaker 1: by September. Regardless, productions ramping up on the assumption that 147 00:10:00,160 --> 00:10:02,839 Speaker 1: it will work, so they'll have enough vaccine to use 148 00:10:02,840 --> 00:10:05,960 Speaker 1: in a larger clinical study. At least a half a 149 00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:10,640 Speaker 1: dozen vaccine candidates have entered human studies, including an experimental 150 00:10:10,679 --> 00:10:13,559 Speaker 1: shop being developed by the National Institutes of Health and 151 00:10:13,640 --> 00:10:18,720 Speaker 1: Massachusetts based Maderna That trial started in March. Vaccine research 152 00:10:18,800 --> 00:10:22,280 Speaker 1: is being accelerated, but it says he sees no corners 153 00:10:22,280 --> 00:10:26,080 Speaker 1: being cut. I have a fear that people might be 154 00:10:26,160 --> 00:10:30,800 Speaker 1: concerned about the vaccine, that it's maybe being rushed. We 155 00:10:30,880 --> 00:10:33,680 Speaker 1: know that there was one vaccine that's already injected in America. 156 00:10:33,760 --> 00:10:36,240 Speaker 1: But I know that this one has been as cautious 157 00:10:36,240 --> 00:10:38,920 Speaker 1: and as quick as it possibly could. In the Oxford 158 00:10:38,960 --> 00:10:42,840 Speaker 1: study had to do the animal trials non human primates 159 00:10:42,960 --> 00:10:47,000 Speaker 1: before that was their design to be as cautious as possible, 160 00:10:47,000 --> 00:10:50,280 Speaker 1: but as fast as possible. UM, So they had a headstart, 161 00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:52,959 Speaker 1: it says he likes being part of the race to 162 00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:58,200 Speaker 1: produce a safe and effective vaccine against the coronavirus. I 163 00:10:58,240 --> 00:11:01,679 Speaker 1: think a vaccine is the safe this way to develop 164 00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:05,400 Speaker 1: a herd immunity response that we can therefore protect our 165 00:11:05,440 --> 00:11:07,400 Speaker 1: friends and family and the people in the street. We 166 00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:10,559 Speaker 1: don't even know. Um. What we've found with this coronavirus 167 00:11:10,559 --> 00:11:14,320 Speaker 1: in particular compared to the Merse and the First Stars 168 00:11:14,360 --> 00:11:18,480 Speaker 1: outbreak is that it was they were very intense diseases, 169 00:11:18,520 --> 00:11:21,920 Speaker 1: but this one has a lot of unsybdematic carriers. It 170 00:11:21,960 --> 00:11:24,280 Speaker 1: doesn't mean that it's not a nasty disease. It has 171 00:11:24,400 --> 00:11:27,120 Speaker 1: terrible side effects and terrible effects that we're still learning 172 00:11:27,120 --> 00:11:29,679 Speaker 1: about the long term effects. So I think vaccine is 173 00:11:29,720 --> 00:11:33,679 Speaker 1: the safest way to have her community that we can 174 00:11:33,679 --> 00:11:39,440 Speaker 1: then introduce to the population. It's a goal that dozens 175 00:11:39,520 --> 00:11:43,160 Speaker 1: of research teams across the world are pursuing well each 176 00:11:43,280 --> 00:11:46,120 Speaker 1: is vine to be first. They're also competing with the 177 00:11:46,160 --> 00:11:49,160 Speaker 1: fast spreading pandemic that each and every one of us 178 00:11:49,160 --> 00:11:53,240 Speaker 1: has a stake in. Ending. Researchers say that solidarity is 179 00:11:53,320 --> 00:11:58,199 Speaker 1: driving a global effort that's resulting in an unprecedented spirit 180 00:11:58,480 --> 00:12:11,679 Speaker 1: of collaboration. That was Bloomberg's Jason Gail, and that's our 181 00:12:11,679 --> 00:12:14,599 Speaker 1: show today. For coverage of the outbreak from one D 182 00:12:14,720 --> 00:12:18,520 Speaker 1: and twenty bureaus around the world, visit bloomberg dot com 183 00:12:18,559 --> 00:12:22,719 Speaker 1: slash coronavirus and if you like the show, please leave 184 00:12:22,800 --> 00:12:26,359 Speaker 1: us a review and a rating on Apple Podcasts or Spotify. 185 00:12:27,120 --> 00:12:29,600 Speaker 1: It's the best way to help more listeners find our 186 00:12:29,640 --> 00:12:34,200 Speaker 1: global reporting. The Prognosis Daily edition is hosted by Me 187 00:12:34,840 --> 00:12:38,720 Speaker 1: Laura Carlson. The show was produced by Me Topher foreheads, 188 00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:44,360 Speaker 1: Jordan Gospoure and Magnus Hendrickson. Today's main story was reported 189 00:12:44,360 --> 00:12:50,000 Speaker 1: by Jason Gail. Original music by Leo Sidrin. Our editors 190 00:12:50,000 --> 00:12:55,200 Speaker 1: are Francesco Levi and Rick Shine. Francesco Levi is Bloomberg's 191 00:12:55,200 --> 00:12:57,840 Speaker 1: head of Podcasts. Thanks for listening.