WEBVTT - Axolotls: The Smiling Salamander from Mexico 0:00:01.480 --> 0:00:07.240 Welcome to Stuff you should know, a production of iHeartRadio. 0:00:11.280 --> 0:00:14.280 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh, and there's 0:00:14.520 --> 0:00:17.479 shock in Jerry's here too, and this is stuff you 0:00:17.560 --> 0:00:24.040 should know, part of the ongoing, never ending, stupendously outstanding 0:00:24.200 --> 0:00:25.680 animal editions. 0:00:27.400 --> 0:00:32.280 That's right. And for us Friday morning edition, which never happens, 0:00:32.600 --> 0:00:35.400 we had a little family issue yesterday and you guys 0:00:35.400 --> 0:00:39.280 were very sweet and kind and sure agreed to punt 0:00:39.320 --> 0:00:42.159 to the recording a day, and so now we are. 0:00:42.479 --> 0:00:43.960 We're in our morning show routine. 0:00:44.560 --> 0:00:48.720 That's right. I can't even begin to do a morning 0:00:48.760 --> 0:00:52.559 show host impression. I'd like to, but I can't bring myself. 0:00:52.159 --> 0:00:54.200 To who likes lizards? 0:00:54.640 --> 0:00:57.080 That was pretty good, Chuck, Yeah. 0:00:56.880 --> 0:00:58.760 And that's probably a morning show person. We would probably 0:00:58.760 --> 0:00:59.440 call this a lizard. 0:01:00.440 --> 0:01:03.520 Yeah, yeah, good point, because they're not lizards. They're amphibians. 0:01:03.560 --> 0:01:07.240 And what we're talking about are called ACXE Lottle's. And 0:01:07.319 --> 0:01:09.360 before we get into it, I think we should give 0:01:09.400 --> 0:01:12.840 a hat tip to a guest researcher who helped us 0:01:13.360 --> 0:01:17.960 with the very initial research on axeltos, a listener named 0:01:18.440 --> 0:01:22.280 Charlie's Flores, who, by the way, her grandma calls her Chuck, 0:01:22.480 --> 0:01:23.480 she mentioned. 0:01:23.520 --> 0:01:26.520 Ah, that's very sweet. Did she send us a sweet 0:01:26.600 --> 0:01:29.240 letter in a picture that she drew? 0:01:29.520 --> 0:01:32.760 Yes, a picture of her Axe Lottle Boba, And she 0:01:32.880 --> 0:01:36.399 told us some pretty amazing initial things about Axe Lottle's 0:01:36.560 --> 0:01:40.039 and she and her mom, Gabrielle listen out in Omaha. 0:01:40.240 --> 0:01:42.760 So thank you very much to Charlie's for helping us 0:01:42.800 --> 0:01:46.000 out with this one. I guess we should also thank 0:01:46.400 --> 0:01:47.240 Dave Ruths too. 0:01:48.120 --> 0:01:51.600 Yeah, of course, but Dave's not what like six years old? 0:01:51.680 --> 0:01:52.720 How old is Chuck? 0:01:53.000 --> 0:01:56.040 She's ten going into she just started the fifth grade. 0:01:56.400 --> 0:01:59.240 Oh well, I feel like a dummy too. And I'm 0:01:59.280 --> 0:02:01.120 a dad of an eight year old, and I guess 0:02:01.200 --> 0:02:03.720 too young. You never know, You never know. You just 0:02:03.760 --> 0:02:05.720 can't tell at that age. You're like, are you three? 0:02:05.880 --> 0:02:07.400 Are you fifteen? I can't see? 0:02:09.400 --> 0:02:09.560 Uh? 0:02:10.000 --> 0:02:13.520 So should we talk pronunciation real quick? Because I, because 0:02:13.520 --> 0:02:16.040 of my screwy day yesterday, I meant a thousand times 0:02:16.080 --> 0:02:19.600 to go look up sort of the indigenous pronunciation of 0:02:19.639 --> 0:02:24.040 what we call axe Lottele, and I failed to. But 0:02:24.160 --> 0:02:26.640 you were schooling me before we started recording schooling in 0:02:26.680 --> 0:02:27.079 a good way. 0:02:27.120 --> 0:02:31.919 I got you covered. Yeah, So that very strange looking 0:02:31.960 --> 0:02:36.680 word is actually taken directly from the naw What language, 0:02:36.840 --> 0:02:40.760 which is the language of the Aztec people, and they 0:02:41.480 --> 0:02:43.880 came up with this. We'll talk. Do you want to 0:02:43.919 --> 0:02:45.480 just go ahead and talk about that part now? 0:02:46.240 --> 0:02:46.480 Yeah? 0:02:46.520 --> 0:02:50.919 Sure, okay, good. So the the word axe a lottle, 0:02:50.960 --> 0:02:54.399 what we call acx a lotto, is actually as showlut, 0:02:55.200 --> 0:02:57.680 even though it's spelled the exact same way in the 0:02:57.760 --> 0:03:03.960 knaw What language, Atl is pronounced lut and x is 0:03:04.080 --> 0:03:07.160 very often pronounced show. It can also be pronounced waw. 0:03:07.680 --> 0:03:09.520 It's kind of all over the place. It's like a 0:03:09.720 --> 0:03:14.400 utility baseball player. It can do whatever. 0:03:15.440 --> 0:03:16.320 Wow, look at you. 0:03:16.720 --> 0:03:20.359 And by the way, also the Aztecs were called the mischika, 0:03:21.120 --> 0:03:25.120 and that x is a she in that case. So 0:03:25.919 --> 0:03:29.360 the ax a lottel or a show lut is named 0:03:29.400 --> 0:03:34.240 after the Aztec god show lut xolotl. 0:03:35.160 --> 0:03:37.760 That's right, the god of fire and lightning. 0:03:38.000 --> 0:03:39.520 Correct, also what else? 0:03:40.360 --> 0:03:44.240 Also the god of physical deformities and dogs and death. 0:03:45.040 --> 0:03:48.160 And I'm glad we're starting here because this sort of 0:03:48.200 --> 0:03:51.160 reinforces why the ax a lottle, by the way, which 0:03:51.200 --> 0:03:55.040 is a very very cute little salamander amphibian. I think 0:03:55.040 --> 0:03:58.320 you did say amphibian, But if you think you haven't 0:03:58.320 --> 0:04:00.600 seen one, you probably have because of blown up the 0:04:00.640 --> 0:04:05.240 internet semi recently with their cute smiles. But they're very 0:04:05.280 --> 0:04:09.000 important to the lore and the culture of Mexico because 0:04:09.000 --> 0:04:15.240 of the Aztec origins and specifically this god show Lut, who, 0:04:15.280 --> 0:04:20.120 like we said, physical deformities, fire, lightning, death, and dogs. 0:04:19.960 --> 0:04:25.480 Right, and so according to lore, Sholt was escaping Ketsukotl, 0:04:25.680 --> 0:04:32.560 which is Sholt's twin god sibling, and to escape he 0:04:32.680 --> 0:04:37.960 transformed into three things. May's plant, which is show lut 0:04:38.120 --> 0:04:45.480 in nowa language agave which is mesh mess show Lut, 0:04:46.360 --> 0:04:51.120 and then a salamander alt and he still was caught 0:04:51.160 --> 0:04:55.040 and killed. But I believe by transforming into those things 0:04:55.080 --> 0:05:00.560 he made them exist per chance. So the reason that 0:05:00.600 --> 0:05:04.320 the Asshola is kind of like a big deal in 0:05:05.240 --> 0:05:11.279 as tech culture is that they were very hyper local 0:05:11.760 --> 0:05:14.120 to the as tech people. They were where the as 0:05:14.160 --> 0:05:18.479 tech were, and they were a huge food source, a 0:05:18.520 --> 0:05:21.240 source of medicine, and also I guarantee a source of 0:05:21.279 --> 0:05:25.159 amusement and delight because I don't care what era or 0:05:25.279 --> 0:05:28.800 age or epoc you're living in. Yeah, Acxi Lotte's are 0:05:29.000 --> 0:05:31.440 one of the cutest animals on the planet. 0:05:32.160 --> 0:05:34.719 They really are. I mean, there's something about that perma 0:05:34.800 --> 0:05:40.880 smile that is undeniably cute and affectionate looking. And I 0:05:40.920 --> 0:05:43.560 know this is humans putting their stuff on animals, but 0:05:44.240 --> 0:05:46.360 you know, the thing smiles. What else can you say? 0:05:46.600 --> 0:05:49.840 You can't there's nothing I need to say. But that's 0:05:49.880 --> 0:05:52.880 the thing about Acxi Lottle's Chuck is, yes, if they 0:05:52.920 --> 0:05:56.120 were just that cute and it stopped there, they'd still 0:05:56.120 --> 0:05:59.720 be worth talking about. But they're really really worth talking about. 0:05:59.760 --> 0:06:03.159 And this what Charlie's Flores was trying to explain to 0:06:03.240 --> 0:06:07.000 us is that there's so many other amazing, astounding things 0:06:07.000 --> 0:06:08.920 about Axel Lotteles that this is just one of the 0:06:09.000 --> 0:06:10.719 most interesting animals on the planet. 0:06:10.720 --> 0:06:15.320 It turns out, here's your Disney movie. It's centered around 0:06:15.320 --> 0:06:17.560 I'm surprised you haven't done this quite frankly, it's centered 0:06:17.560 --> 0:06:19.000 around and Axel Lottle. 0:06:19.160 --> 0:06:21.520 Of course, na Axel. 0:06:22.800 --> 0:06:26.800 But sure, yeah, exactly perfect, thank you, and it is, 0:06:27.320 --> 0:06:29.800 but it is. And you know, Disney movies always sort 0:06:29.839 --> 0:06:31.680 of and you know Pixar all that stuff, they always 0:06:31.720 --> 0:06:34.560 sort of have their larger point to make about emotions 0:06:34.640 --> 0:06:38.560 or this or that. Maybe this one deals with mental 0:06:39.160 --> 0:06:42.360 illness and you have an axe a lottle that is 0:06:42.400 --> 0:06:46.680 actually depressed but smiles all the time anyway, and his 0:06:46.800 --> 0:06:49.200 little buddies have to help him out and see him 0:06:49.200 --> 0:06:49.520 through this. 0:06:49.839 --> 0:06:52.520 Yeah, and like the climax of the film is where 0:06:52.520 --> 0:06:54.760 he've manages to frown, right. 0:06:55.120 --> 0:06:59.520 Maybe, so that's pretty great, chuck. Yeah, just to put 0:06:59.560 --> 0:07:02.440 a sort of cherry on top of the original cultural story. 0:07:02.440 --> 0:07:05.760 Though when the Spanish came around as conquerors, they were like, 0:07:05.839 --> 0:07:10.320 oh man, this stuff is delicious. It was. They tried 0:07:10.320 --> 0:07:13.880 to they tried to keep a lot of records at 0:07:13.960 --> 0:07:16.240 least of what was going on with the Aztec and 0:07:16.360 --> 0:07:19.120 like what was important to them culturally. I'm not going 0:07:19.200 --> 0:07:22.360 to say like so they could respect them or anything 0:07:22.400 --> 0:07:25.600 like that, but they did keep records, and they did 0:07:26.000 --> 0:07:28.240 learn about the axe lottle and learn that it was 0:07:28.280 --> 0:07:31.160 a source of medicine, and they called it the food 0:07:31.160 --> 0:07:34.440 of the lords, and there was there were festivals. It 0:07:34.560 --> 0:07:36.720 was this. I mean, I don't want to eat one 0:07:36.720 --> 0:07:39.720 of these things. But they had Tamali axe lottle, Tomaly's 0:07:40.200 --> 0:07:41.960 and I like it. Tomali. So That's the only time 0:07:42.000 --> 0:07:44.120 I was like, hmmm, I. 0:07:44.760 --> 0:07:46.520 Could eat one of those if you wrapped it up 0:07:46.520 --> 0:07:47.200 into tamali. 0:07:47.440 --> 0:07:49.320 Yeah, but I really couldn't because all I could see 0:07:49.360 --> 0:07:51.040 is that smile in my brain. 0:07:51.480 --> 0:07:55.400 So axe Lottle's are that would be tough to do, 0:07:55.680 --> 0:07:57.600 especially if the head's poking out the end of the 0:07:57.600 --> 0:07:58.480 tamali just looking. 0:07:58.560 --> 0:08:00.280 Oh man, no, you can't. 0:08:00.680 --> 0:08:03.320 So I said. Axi Lottel's were hyper local to where 0:08:03.360 --> 0:08:08.920 the Mishika, the ASTech lived, uh. And they lived in 0:08:09.160 --> 0:08:12.720 uh like, basically on a lake. Like Mexico City used 0:08:12.760 --> 0:08:16.560 to be an az tech capital called tenock Teetlan, and 0:08:16.640 --> 0:08:20.840 tenak Teetlan was built basically on top of lake Uh. 0:08:21.240 --> 0:08:22.360 What is it Toshoko? 0:08:23.080 --> 0:08:24.960 I think probably Teshcoco. 0:08:24.560 --> 0:08:25.560 Toshcoco, thank you. 0:08:26.000 --> 0:08:26.080 So. 0:08:26.280 --> 0:08:33.040 Lake Toushcoco is where the the ax Lotto hails from. 0:08:33.679 --> 0:08:36.760 And it's again it's a salamander, and there are other 0:08:36.800 --> 0:08:40.080 salamanders that live in that area. But the axe Lotto 0:08:40.480 --> 0:08:45.440 only lived in the Lake Toshcoco area. And and as 0:08:45.480 --> 0:08:47.680 the Spanish came along and said, you can't build a 0:08:47.720 --> 0:08:50.040 city on a lake, what are you crazy, We're gonna 0:08:50.040 --> 0:08:52.840 go ahead and drain this lake. One of the remnants 0:08:52.880 --> 0:08:56.200 of that lake was an even smaller body of water. 0:08:57.320 --> 0:09:00.000 And it's not only a smaller body of water, it's 0:09:00.000 --> 0:09:03.040 it's even harder to pronounce than Lake Teshcoco. 0:09:03.600 --> 0:09:04.280 It really is. 0:09:04.640 --> 0:09:09.800 It's Lake Sochi Milko and friends. Look up Sochi Mealko. 0:09:10.200 --> 0:09:12.320 It is not, in any way, shape or form, as 0:09:12.400 --> 0:09:16.400 far as an English speaker is concerned, spelled like gets pronounced. Yeah, 0:09:16.640 --> 0:09:20.800 it's XO c Chi m I Lco. But Lake Sochi 0:09:20.880 --> 0:09:23.920 Mealko is a very small body of water. It's basically 0:09:23.920 --> 0:09:27.040 a small system of freshwater canals that are the remnants 0:09:27.080 --> 0:09:31.000 of Lake Teshcoco. And that is where x a Lotto's live. 0:09:31.080 --> 0:09:34.640 Now in the entire world, there's nowhere else, even in Mexico. 0:09:34.800 --> 0:09:37.600 There's nowhere else you will find an ax Lottel in 0:09:37.640 --> 0:09:40.720 the wild except for in Lake Sochi Milko. 0:09:41.360 --> 0:09:43.599 Yeah, and I'm actually going to Mexico City for the 0:09:43.600 --> 0:09:44.520 first time in November. 0:09:44.520 --> 0:09:45.480 It's a very cool town. 0:09:46.000 --> 0:09:49.400 I can't wait. Man, And uh, I'm not going to 0:09:49.480 --> 0:09:51.360 go on an ax A Lottle tour. I don't know 0:09:51.400 --> 0:09:52.760 if they have those. I bet they do. They do, 0:09:53.400 --> 0:09:55.400 but they're they're generally not out during the day. But 0:09:55.400 --> 0:09:58.800 we'll get to all this stuff as we go, right, 0:09:58.800 --> 0:09:59.880 Should we start at the beginning? 0:10:00.080 --> 0:10:02.200 Yeah, I thought we had started well. 0:10:02.320 --> 0:10:05.240 Historically the beginning, I just mean the beginning of axe 0:10:05.240 --> 0:10:09.200 lottels as a species, because they are amphibians, like you said, 0:10:09.240 --> 0:10:14.240 of the order Urudella, and that is all salamanders. The 0:10:14.360 --> 0:10:20.600 scientific name is Ambistoma mexicanum, which very appropriate. I even 0:10:20.600 --> 0:10:24.559 know what that means. Ambostoma means blunt mouth, and when 0:10:24.600 --> 0:10:26.200 you see to axi lottle, it kind of has a 0:10:26.280 --> 0:10:29.920 blunt looking mouth, so it all makes sense. And in Latin, 0:10:30.200 --> 0:10:33.840 amphibia for amphibia means double life, and it's called double 0:10:33.840 --> 0:10:36.920 life and amphibia because, as we all know, amphibians start 0:10:37.000 --> 0:10:41.120 out in water when they're hatched as little eggs, and 0:10:41.240 --> 0:10:43.960 they spend some time there as young and swimming around 0:10:43.960 --> 0:10:47.440 and using their gills, and then eventually they metamorphosize and 0:10:47.520 --> 0:10:52.360 transform into a land creature, which means they grow legs, 0:10:52.400 --> 0:10:55.400 their little tails shrink, and they learn to use their 0:10:55.480 --> 0:10:59.280 lungs and those gills aren't useful anymore, and sometimes they 0:10:59.280 --> 0:11:00.720 even go all right. 0:11:00.720 --> 0:11:03.640 Yes, that's a that's a typical amphibian. That's just what 0:11:03.679 --> 0:11:06.600 they do. Yeah, the gills go away, they start breathing 0:11:07.520 --> 0:11:09.240 with their lungs and they live on land. They go 0:11:09.280 --> 0:11:11.520 from living in the water living in the land. It's 0:11:11.559 --> 0:11:15.800 what makes an amphibian of an amphibian, except except with 0:11:15.960 --> 0:11:18.839 axe lottels and a couple other there's a couple other 0:11:18.880 --> 0:11:23.320 species of amphibians, mud puppies, I think, is one that 0:11:24.120 --> 0:11:28.520 they never leave the water. They're amphibians, but they don't 0:11:28.720 --> 0:11:34.679 amphibiate essentially. Yeah, and it's it's something called naotiny, which 0:11:34.720 --> 0:11:39.320 is they stay forever young, just like that Rod Stewart's song. Yeah, 0:11:40.040 --> 0:11:43.400 and another word for it is pedamorphic, and like Rod Stewart, 0:11:44.040 --> 0:11:47.160 yeah exactly. Although no, no, that's not true at all. 0:11:47.559 --> 0:11:51.600 But that means that they even in their adult form, 0:11:51.840 --> 0:11:54.520 even in like they're fully grown up, they can reproduce, 0:11:54.880 --> 0:11:59.480 they're drawing social security, they still are not only look 0:11:59.760 --> 0:12:04.000 like their childhood form for all intentsive purposes, their body 0:12:04.000 --> 0:12:07.359 inside and out is still in the childhood form. 0:12:07.640 --> 0:12:10.520 Yeah, they don't drop that tail like other sallyes do. 0:12:11.400 --> 0:12:13.320 They keep that tails called a body fin because it 0:12:13.400 --> 0:12:15.080 kind of you know, once you see it, it kind of 0:12:15.120 --> 0:12:17.640 looks like it runs up their body. Yeah, they keep 0:12:17.679 --> 0:12:20.439 those well, they keep those legs. Their legs wouldn't go 0:12:20.440 --> 0:12:23.520 way anyway, but they have those stubby little legs. They 0:12:23.559 --> 0:12:26.280 do have lungs, and they also still have those gills, 0:12:26.679 --> 0:12:28.960 which we'll talk about a little more in a second, 0:12:29.000 --> 0:12:34.719 but they basically breathe almost exclusively through their gills and 0:12:34.800 --> 0:12:37.400 they also never use their legs to walk on dry land. 0:12:37.520 --> 0:12:41.880 So you know, there's a term in Mexico, Mexican walking 0:12:41.920 --> 0:12:44.319 fish is what they can be called, which Day very 0:12:44.320 --> 0:12:47.120 funnily points out, like they are Mexican, but they're not 0:12:47.200 --> 0:12:49.160 fish and they don't walk, so it's a bit of 0:12:49.200 --> 0:12:49.840 a misnomer. 0:12:50.360 --> 0:12:54.960 Yeah, just a touch. There's a theory as to why 0:12:55.000 --> 0:12:57.200 this is going on, like why would this happen? This 0:12:57.240 --> 0:12:58.920 doesn't really make any sense. 0:12:58.960 --> 0:12:59.960 Like why would they have legs? 0:13:00.520 --> 0:13:03.560 Yeah, exactly, that's a great question. And some one of 0:13:03.559 --> 0:13:06.000 the theories is that there was a point in time 0:13:06.200 --> 0:13:11.959 where they did amphibiate fully and make it out of 0:13:12.000 --> 0:13:14.480 the water, so they needed their legs, they needed their lungs. 0:13:14.480 --> 0:13:17.120 They do have little tiny lungs, but they're very undeveloped, 0:13:17.160 --> 0:13:20.320 so they can't they can survive out of water for 0:13:20.520 --> 0:13:23.200 a very short time with those little tiny lungs, but 0:13:23.280 --> 0:13:26.240 not for very long. They're clearly not designed to stay 0:13:26.240 --> 0:13:28.880 out of water. So the idea is that somewhere in 0:13:28.880 --> 0:13:33.800 their evolutionary history they spent some time on land. But 0:13:34.120 --> 0:13:38.920 the place where they lived, either like Tushcoco or Lake 0:13:39.000 --> 0:13:43.520 Sochi Milko, was so such a great environment for them, 0:13:43.600 --> 0:13:50.720 so ripe, with food so abundant. No, what's the opposite 0:13:50.720 --> 0:13:55.640 of abundant, Oh, scarce? So there was such scarce predators. 0:13:55.880 --> 0:13:58.080 It was just a perfect place to live man, a 0:13:58.120 --> 0:14:00.720 golden age to be an Axi lotto, I would say. 0:14:01.160 --> 0:14:04.240 And so they stayed in the water, and at some 0:14:04.320 --> 0:14:10.240 point in time those genes got frozen in some individual organisms, 0:14:10.360 --> 0:14:13.000 and those got passed along, and those gave us Axi 0:14:13.040 --> 0:14:17.800 lottos and chuck also, may, I retort to myself. Sure, 0:14:18.320 --> 0:14:21.760 So that is one theory. My theory which I would 0:14:21.800 --> 0:14:25.360 like to share is wow, Axi lottles are only about 0:14:25.400 --> 0:14:30.000 ten thousand years old as a species. Okay, they basically 0:14:30.040 --> 0:14:35.760 evolve from other salamanders that they live among, and they 0:14:35.880 --> 0:14:42.080 haven't fully I believe, evolved into it an entirely separate species. 0:14:42.080 --> 0:14:46.880 They can still procreate with other salamanders, and so I 0:14:46.960 --> 0:14:52.440 think what it is, it's a remnant of the salamanders 0:14:52.440 --> 0:14:55.440 that they evolved from. That they haven't fully evolved out 0:14:55.440 --> 0:14:58.440 of that, and that if you looked at Axi lottles, 0:14:59.120 --> 0:15:01.800 you know, one hundred thousand years from now, they won't 0:15:01.800 --> 0:15:03.360 have any legs anymore. 0:15:04.400 --> 0:15:07.080 And this is, uh, does anyone is this out there 0:15:07.080 --> 0:15:07.840 at all? Is this all you? 0:15:07.960 --> 0:15:09.400 I'm putting it out there, baby? 0:15:09.600 --> 0:15:14.760 Okay? So they used to mate with their other salamander friends. 0:15:14.480 --> 0:15:18.640 And they still can. Like Rod Stewart, that's right, that's right, 0:15:18.640 --> 0:15:20.720 he's had one or two salamanders in this time. 0:15:21.120 --> 0:15:23.160 All right, I like it. That makes sense to me. 0:15:23.200 --> 0:15:23.480 Thank you. 0:15:23.760 --> 0:15:28.479 In one hundred thousand years, we'll know for sure, right right. Yeah, 0:15:28.600 --> 0:15:32.000 once the earth is a big flaming ball of hot gas. 0:15:31.760 --> 0:15:33.680 Oh yeah, it'll have come and gone by then. 0:15:34.360 --> 0:15:36.840 All right, So maybe we should take a break. I 0:15:36.840 --> 0:15:39.560 think that's a good setup and we talk about how 0:15:39.560 --> 0:15:42.080 remarkable this thing is. Just hold on to your hats, everybody, 0:15:42.120 --> 0:15:44.720 because this sort of blew my mind and it will 0:15:44.720 --> 0:15:49.520 blow yours as well. Right after this, soft jaws. 0:15:58.880 --> 0:16:01.120 Want to learn about terrors or color sord Actol, how 0:16:01.160 --> 0:16:01.920 to take a perfect boom? 0:16:02.000 --> 0:16:04.560 All about fractalink is con that's a little hunt the 0:16:04.640 --> 0:16:06.000 Lizzie Borderers A. 0:16:12.960 --> 0:16:13.920 Word up, Jerry. 0:16:14.920 --> 0:16:17.960 All right, So, uh, if you haven't looked up a 0:16:17.960 --> 0:16:20.400 picture of an axe lottle, by now, pull your car 0:16:20.480 --> 0:16:23.480 off or take a break from jogging or cleaning your 0:16:23.520 --> 0:16:25.000 house or whatever you do when you listen to us. 0:16:25.040 --> 0:16:28.400 Wake up. Maybe if you're sleeping, look up a picture 0:16:28.400 --> 0:16:30.440 of that cute little thing. You've probably seen them on 0:16:30.480 --> 0:16:33.560 TikTok or YouTube. Uh, you've probably seen a bunch of 0:16:33.640 --> 0:16:38.160 very colorful axe lottles. And those are bread specifically to 0:16:38.400 --> 0:16:42.160 sell as pets in those amazing colors. That is not 0:16:42.200 --> 0:16:45.880 what color they are in the wild. They are dark brownish, 0:16:46.160 --> 0:16:51.360 sort of greenish or really really black. And kids don't 0:16:51.360 --> 0:16:54.040 want that. Kids want a hot, pink one, and so 0:16:54.520 --> 0:16:56.280 humans have made that possible, right. 0:16:56.720 --> 0:16:59.800 They want the Barbie version of ax lottles, the Barbie edition. 0:17:00.640 --> 0:17:02.680 We all do we want what Barbie versions of everything, 0:17:02.680 --> 0:17:02.960 don't we? 0:17:03.120 --> 0:17:07.719 Yeah? For sure? So there's pink and the pink can 0:17:08.000 --> 0:17:10.560 it's usually pretty pale, but I would say their faces 0:17:10.600 --> 0:17:14.720 can be kind of hot pink. Yeah, white ones pale 0:17:14.880 --> 0:17:20.000 yellow lavender. That's my favorite model, green gray. And they 0:17:20.000 --> 0:17:22.040 also have glow in the dark ones, which are a 0:17:22.040 --> 0:17:24.440 little bit misname because it's not glow in the dark. 0:17:24.440 --> 0:17:28.320 They glow under UV lights because they have the same 0:17:29.080 --> 0:17:32.520 genes that jellyfish. Some jellyfish do and they were bred 0:17:32.520 --> 0:17:35.080 into them. This is not a natural thing, although apparently 0:17:35.080 --> 0:17:39.119 they can spontaneously generate that gene in the wild weirdly enough. 0:17:39.520 --> 0:17:41.320 But the upshot of it is if you have a 0:17:41.440 --> 0:17:45.320 glow in the dark axilotel and you're showing it off 0:17:45.760 --> 0:17:48.800 with the black light how it glows, you actually don't 0:17:48.800 --> 0:17:50.960 want to do that very much because you're blasting them 0:17:51.000 --> 0:17:53.920 with UV radiation and their skin is so delicate. It's 0:17:53.960 --> 0:17:55.280 actually really bad for them. 0:17:56.080 --> 0:17:58.600 Yeah, and if you're a teenage boy and your mom's 0:17:58.600 --> 0:17:59.959 in the room, you don't want to do that anyway. 0:18:01.480 --> 0:18:03.760 Right, What do you mean I'm not catching that one? 0:18:04.240 --> 0:18:14.439 That's right. Adults will understands. Moving on, They are about 0:18:14.960 --> 0:18:16.800 ten inches long, or they can grow up to ten 0:18:16.840 --> 0:18:20.360 inches long. They have those big, wide mouths that look 0:18:20.440 --> 0:18:23.359 sort of unusually large for their size and for their head, 0:18:24.040 --> 0:18:26.399 and they do have little teeth top and bottom, teeth 0:18:26.920 --> 0:18:29.879 and their stubby little legs have four web toes on 0:18:29.920 --> 0:18:33.520 the front and five on the rear. And we got 0:18:33.520 --> 0:18:36.159 to talk about those gills, because the first thing you 0:18:36.240 --> 0:18:39.280 might notice, aside from that winning smile when you look 0:18:39.280 --> 0:18:43.800 at an Axi lotto, are those amazing feathery gills sticking 0:18:43.800 --> 0:18:47.639 out from the head. They don't look like fish's gills 0:18:47.680 --> 0:18:49.639 that you would see, just sort of, you know, just 0:18:49.680 --> 0:18:52.119 like dumb old gills on the side of a fish head, 0:18:53.000 --> 0:18:56.760 just opening back and forth like an air vent. These 0:18:56.800 --> 0:19:00.240 things are, as Dave says, magnificent. There's no other to 0:19:00.280 --> 0:19:03.120 describe these wispy, feathery, branched feathers. 0:19:03.359 --> 0:19:08.040 It almost looks like little pieces of coral coming off 0:19:08.080 --> 0:19:11.359 of it. There's three, three pair on each side of 0:19:11.400 --> 0:19:14.119 its head. Now there's a pair on each side of 0:19:14.119 --> 0:19:17.840 its head, times three, right, Yeah, Okay, Chuck, no more 0:19:17.880 --> 0:19:20.040 Friday morning recording sessions for me. 0:19:20.200 --> 0:19:22.360 Okay, that was some tough mess. 0:19:23.200 --> 0:19:28.359 And they look like flowy and branched and philigreed because 0:19:28.359 --> 0:19:33.080 they're essentially like our lungs. Our lungs have avoli, these 0:19:33.119 --> 0:19:35.399 air sacs, and if you really look at a detail 0:19:35.400 --> 0:19:38.200 of our lungs, they're branched in feathery and philigreed because 0:19:38.240 --> 0:19:42.440 that expands the surface area for gas exchange. Same thing 0:19:42.480 --> 0:19:45.480 with the axe lottel, except those are gills to them 0:19:45.920 --> 0:19:48.760 because they do the oxygen exchange of the gas exchange 0:19:48.800 --> 0:19:51.359 under water. And they're on their head. 0:19:52.840 --> 0:19:56.040 Yeah, and it's it looks like an adornment almost, you know, 0:19:56.800 --> 0:19:57.360 or a hair do. 0:19:57.800 --> 0:19:59.960 Like a Larry Fine hairdo from the Three Stooges. 0:20:00.359 --> 0:20:02.800 Right, it's cuterer than that. 0:20:03.119 --> 0:20:04.880 I think Larry's hair was super cute. 0:20:05.119 --> 0:20:08.920 Okay, As I mentioned earlier, I kind of teased about 0:20:08.920 --> 0:20:11.120 an Axi lottle tour in Mexico City. I'm not sure 0:20:11.119 --> 0:20:14.399 how they do those, but they are generally not around 0:20:14.480 --> 0:20:17.520 during the day. They're pretty sedentary and they hide in 0:20:17.560 --> 0:20:20.359 the mud. Nighttime is the right time for the Axi 0:20:20.400 --> 0:20:24.720 lotte They come out and eat basically anything that they 0:20:24.800 --> 0:20:29.240 can eat their carnivores, anything with a beating heart, whether 0:20:29.280 --> 0:20:31.879 it's a worm or a mollusk, or even a crustacean 0:20:31.960 --> 0:20:34.800 or a tiny fish, an Axi lotta will chow down 0:20:34.920 --> 0:20:38.760 on them. And you mentioned earlier that they can even 0:20:38.760 --> 0:20:43.920 though they never go through that metamorphosis that other amphibians 0:20:43.960 --> 0:20:47.320 do in order to live a life on land and 0:20:47.359 --> 0:20:50.680 do things like reproduce. They can reproduce. They are sexually 0:20:50.720 --> 0:20:54.320 mature at six months old, and they're just it's called 0:20:54.320 --> 0:20:56.359 the peter Pan state. They're sort of stuck in this 0:20:56.800 --> 0:21:01.200 eternal childhood. But those children still want to have babies 0:21:01.320 --> 0:21:02.359 and do that thing, you know. 0:21:02.560 --> 0:21:03.720 Yeah, So how do they do it? 0:21:04.800 --> 0:21:09.040 Well, like many animals, there's a little dancing ritual. It's 0:21:09.040 --> 0:21:11.040 called the mating waltz where the male and the female 0:21:11.359 --> 0:21:14.720 kind of swim very tightly together. They get their cloacas 0:21:14.760 --> 0:21:17.679 and rub them against each other. Things are getting a 0:21:17.680 --> 0:21:20.840 little steamy down there in the lake, and then the 0:21:20.840 --> 0:21:26.520 male says, here you go, here's a big cone full 0:21:26.560 --> 0:21:29.480 of sperm. And the female says, well, thank you very much. 0:21:29.640 --> 0:21:32.359 I we'll use my cloaca to accept that be whip 0:21:32.359 --> 0:21:37.719 and fertilize my eggs. And those eggs are a lot. 0:21:37.720 --> 0:21:40.440 They are about three hundred to one thousand fertilized eggs. 0:21:41.600 --> 0:21:44.360 What I wondered is how, I mean, I know, we'll 0:21:44.359 --> 0:21:46.760 talk about why they're so endangered, but if they're laying 0:21:46.840 --> 0:21:48.919 that many eggs, how many come to fruition? Because that's 0:21:48.920 --> 0:21:49.720 a lot of eggs. 0:21:49.480 --> 0:21:52.919 I got you. I found on some message boards. I 0:21:52.920 --> 0:21:55.000 don't even know if they call them that any longer, 0:21:55.040 --> 0:21:58.439 but on the internet from people who raise acxilatos that 0:21:58.520 --> 0:22:01.440 they're actually they a lot of them do, like more 0:22:01.440 --> 0:22:05.639 than a than half. It was a news serve. Oh wow, 0:22:06.280 --> 0:22:10.439 they they I saw somebody predict about eighty percent. Well hatch, 0:22:10.600 --> 0:22:13.680 which is a big deal. If you have a female 0:22:13.720 --> 0:22:15.960 and a male Acxi lotel in your tank, you really 0:22:16.040 --> 0:22:20.200 have to keep an eye out for eggsacs floating around 0:22:20.280 --> 0:22:23.280 because those you'll have a lot of acxi lottos on 0:22:23.320 --> 0:22:24.080 your hands. 0:22:24.480 --> 0:22:26.800 Yeah, and they if you get one as a pet, 0:22:26.880 --> 0:22:28.920 and we'll talk about care a little bit at the end, 0:22:28.960 --> 0:22:31.760 but be prepared to have that thing for a while 0:22:31.840 --> 0:22:35.479 because in captivity they can live up to twenty five years. 0:22:36.160 --> 0:22:39.359 In the wild about ten to fifteen. And if you 0:22:39.400 --> 0:22:43.000 remember our we talked about the proteus alemander a long 0:22:43.040 --> 0:22:43.640 time ago. 0:22:43.560 --> 0:22:45.240 In our biosbiology episode. 0:22:45.320 --> 0:22:47.760 That's right, that was a good creepy episode. Those things 0:22:47.760 --> 0:22:50.040 can live to be one hundred so it's not unusual 0:22:50.080 --> 0:22:51.640 for a sally to have a long life. 0:22:51.800 --> 0:22:53.960 Yeah, and like you said, in captivity up to twenty 0:22:54.000 --> 0:22:55.600 five years, And I just want to make sure that 0:22:55.640 --> 0:22:59.280 everybody who's buying Acxi lottos as pets these days knows that, like, 0:23:00.080 --> 0:23:02.680 you're twenty five years, you're going to have graduated college 0:23:02.720 --> 0:23:04.840 and had your first job and maybe even have a 0:23:04.960 --> 0:23:07.560 kid while your axilout is still around. So keep that 0:23:07.600 --> 0:23:08.000 in mind. 0:23:08.600 --> 0:23:11.000 Well, in the Disney movie, maybe that's why the excel 0:23:11.119 --> 0:23:13.679 suppress that might be a little too toy story that 0:23:13.720 --> 0:23:16.560 the kid sort of doesn't care anymore, but hey, you 0:23:16.640 --> 0:23:16.960 never know. 0:23:17.080 --> 0:23:19.479 Yeah, and we couldn't do that they flushed him down 0:23:19.560 --> 0:23:23.440 the toilet because that's like finding Nemo, right, Hmmm. 0:23:23.520 --> 0:23:26.440 Is that how Nemo got back into the wild? 0:23:26.480 --> 0:23:28.800 I feel like that happened the summer at some point. 0:23:28.920 --> 0:23:30.600 I could be making that up, though it. 0:23:30.560 --> 0:23:32.400 Isn't drifted in and out of some of those, you. 0:23:32.320 --> 0:23:34.320 Know, it's just sooned out. 0:23:35.240 --> 0:23:36.960 Well, I mean a lot of those I really like. 0:23:37.080 --> 0:23:38.520 But then you know, when you have a kid, you're 0:23:38.560 --> 0:23:42.240 watching so many Sometimes you're working and you know you 0:23:42.520 --> 0:23:44.119 know Nemo's down there, but you don't remember how he 0:23:44.160 --> 0:23:44.679 got there. You know. 0:23:44.800 --> 0:23:49.560 I liked finding Nemo overall, but okay, moment to moment, 0:23:49.680 --> 0:23:51.399 I didn't like that movie very much. 0:23:52.800 --> 0:23:55.320 But the whole is greater than the sum of its tissue. 0:23:55.320 --> 0:23:57.680 Party, yes, yeah, well put well, put all. 0:23:57.600 --> 0:24:01.040 Right, all right, so we haven't blown your mind yet. 0:24:01.080 --> 0:24:03.520 Everyone's like, all right, they don't metamor size not the 0:24:03.520 --> 0:24:06.520 biggest deal in the world, guys. Here's where the mind 0:24:06.520 --> 0:24:12.919 blowing stuff comes in. Overall, salamanders and newts can regrow stuff. 0:24:12.960 --> 0:24:16.720 They can regenerate tissue. They can regrow a tail. We 0:24:16.800 --> 0:24:20.479 all know that they can regrow a limb. That's fine, 0:24:20.640 --> 0:24:24.280 and they come out usually okay. But the axe a 0:24:24.359 --> 0:24:28.879 lodel can well you know what I should read, actually 0:24:28.920 --> 0:24:31.960 what Stephanie Roy says. This is a researcher from the 0:24:32.080 --> 0:24:33.000 University of Montreal. 0:24:33.119 --> 0:24:35.640 Can you do your Stephanie Roy impression while you read it? 0:24:36.000 --> 0:24:38.720 Sure, here we go. You can cut the spinal cord, 0:24:38.800 --> 0:24:40.920 she sounds a lot like me. You can cut the 0:24:40.960 --> 0:24:45.080 spinal cord, crush it, remove a segment and it will regenerate. 0:24:45.400 --> 0:24:47.560 You can cut the limbs at any level, the wrist, 0:24:47.720 --> 0:24:51.000 the elbow, the upper arm. This all sounds very sadistic, 0:24:51.040 --> 0:24:54.280 by the way, and it will regenerate and it's perfect. 0:24:54.520 --> 0:24:57.280 There's nothing missing, there's no scarring on the skin. At 0:24:57.280 --> 0:25:00.840 the side of amputation, every tissue is repla. They can 0:25:00.880 --> 0:25:05.680 regenerate the same limb fifty sixty one hundred times parentheses. 0:25:05.760 --> 0:25:08.840 Trust me, I've cut off a lot of legs of 0:25:08.920 --> 0:25:13.240 exilotis in parentheses and every time perfect. 0:25:13.640 --> 0:25:17.359 Yeah. And what's crazy is like this continues throughout their life. 0:25:18.000 --> 0:25:20.239 Like they can do this when they're very young, they 0:25:20.240 --> 0:25:22.240 can do it when they're very old. Apparently. The only 0:25:22.359 --> 0:25:25.560 change is that it just takes longer the older they are. 0:25:26.040 --> 0:25:31.520 But that that new leg, that that new tail, it's 0:25:31.760 --> 0:25:34.600 as good as new every time, no matter how old 0:25:34.640 --> 0:25:37.240 they are. And that's pretty mind blowing in and of itself. 0:25:37.720 --> 0:25:39.480 It gets even crazier than that. 0:25:39.480 --> 0:25:41.000 Chuck that's here. 0:25:41.160 --> 0:25:45.800 In addition to like extremities and limbs and tails and stuff, 0:25:46.240 --> 0:25:49.639 they can do the same thing with organs. Yeah, and 0:25:49.720 --> 0:25:52.720 like important organs too, like the heart and the brain 0:25:53.200 --> 0:25:56.760 and their spinal cord. They can regrow it good as 0:25:56.840 --> 0:25:58.080 new every time. 0:25:58.800 --> 0:26:01.840 Yeah, it's really amazing. And if you think they should 0:26:01.880 --> 0:26:06.440 study this stuff to see if humans, you know, could 0:26:06.440 --> 0:26:08.680 potentially do something like this with a little help from 0:26:08.760 --> 0:26:11.720 ax a lot of stuff, right, they are studying this 0:26:11.760 --> 0:26:15.040 stuff because and they've already found some pretty good breakthroughs, 0:26:15.040 --> 0:26:18.520 but Axi lottels are very very valuable to study. And 0:26:18.560 --> 0:26:20.320 what they've learned so far as far as these limbs 0:26:20.400 --> 0:26:23.240 go and other things, is you get that little limb 0:26:23.800 --> 0:26:27.760 cut off or something, and the cells nearest to that 0:26:27.840 --> 0:26:32.080 limb wound differentiate immediately, so that means it's sort of 0:26:32.080 --> 0:26:33.840 like a stem cell. That means they can become any 0:26:33.880 --> 0:26:37.159 type of cell kind of instantaneously, and they form a 0:26:37.200 --> 0:26:43.360 little a little pile around these undifferentiated cells, and that's 0:26:43.359 --> 0:26:47.120 called a blastema. Or then this helps you to visualize 0:26:47.119 --> 0:26:50.600 it more, it's also called a regeneration bud. So it's 0:26:50.600 --> 0:26:55.000 like a little plant butd or something. Basically, we scar 0:26:55.200 --> 0:26:58.240 up like dummies. We form scar like cut off your 0:26:58.320 --> 0:27:01.120 arm and you're going to start forming scar tissue. Axe 0:27:01.200 --> 0:27:03.159 Lott's say no, no, no, we're going to grow that 0:27:03.160 --> 0:27:06.560 thing back with this blastoma, and they do that. They 0:27:06.600 --> 0:27:10.320 generate stem cells, bone cells, muscle nerves, whatever you need 0:27:10.840 --> 0:27:14.119 to replicate perfectly whatever is now missing. 0:27:14.320 --> 0:27:20.200 Yeah, which is pretty amazing considering we have pretty much 0:27:20.240 --> 0:27:24.159 the same genes we've figured out the Axi Lottel So 0:27:24.440 --> 0:27:29.600 they sequenced an Axi Lottal genome in twenty eighteen. I 0:27:29.640 --> 0:27:33.879 believe it's the largest genome ever sequenced because amazing, the 0:27:33.920 --> 0:27:37.560 Axi Lottal's genome is second only to the Australian lungfish 0:27:37.880 --> 0:27:41.200 in size and number of base pairs. Humans have three 0:27:41.200 --> 0:27:44.200 billion base pairs. We're doing pretty good with three billion 0:27:44.240 --> 0:27:46.720 base pairs is kind of to be expected. That's a lot. 0:27:47.560 --> 0:27:51.439 Axi Lotte's have ten almost eleven times the number of 0:27:51.480 --> 0:27:54.439 base pairs that humans do, thirty two billion base pairs 0:27:54.440 --> 0:27:58.120 in their genome. And so after examining all this, scientists 0:27:58.119 --> 0:28:01.600 said like, hey, we've got some of these genes. What's 0:28:01.800 --> 0:28:05.520 different They think is that with axe lotels, those genes 0:28:05.880 --> 0:28:09.080 are stuck in the on position. Either they never make 0:28:09.119 --> 0:28:12.360 the hormone that would turn those genes off, or they 0:28:12.400 --> 0:28:15.199 continue to produce the hormone that keeps those genes on 0:28:15.800 --> 0:28:18.240 regardless the fact that those genes are turned on and 0:28:18.240 --> 0:28:22.920 then makes them able to just regrow like brand new 0:28:23.000 --> 0:28:24.399 every time throughout their life. 0:28:25.000 --> 0:28:28.200 Yeah, it's really something else. There's another cool theory about 0:28:28.200 --> 0:28:33.879 why this might be true evolutionarily speaking, and there are 0:28:33.920 --> 0:28:37.160 scientists that think that maybe at one point in their 0:28:37.200 --> 0:28:40.640 history when they were in that lake and they were landlocked, 0:28:41.640 --> 0:28:43.800 and food may have been abundant at one time, but 0:28:43.840 --> 0:28:47.080 maybe at one point there were too many Acxi lottels 0:28:47.080 --> 0:28:49.640 and food wasn't as abundant, and so they may have 0:28:50.640 --> 0:28:55.480 turned cannibalistic and said, hey, friend, no, we've been hanging 0:28:55.480 --> 0:28:59.400 out a lot lately, but your rear leg is looking 0:28:59.400 --> 0:29:02.120 pretty tasty to me, and so I'm just going to 0:29:02.520 --> 0:29:04.400 bite that off and eat it if you don't mind. 0:29:05.080 --> 0:29:08.200 And that happened so much that the axe A lottos 0:29:08.200 --> 0:29:10.960 who thrived were the ones who could grow those limbs 0:29:11.000 --> 0:29:12.240 back quicker and survive. 0:29:12.520 --> 0:29:14.920 Yeah, which makes sense, not bad. I don't have a 0:29:15.000 --> 0:29:16.200 rival theory for that one. 0:29:16.640 --> 0:29:17.000 Ah. 0:29:17.040 --> 0:29:21.440 Shoot, I could make one up real quick. No, I can't. 0:29:21.600 --> 0:29:24.880 It's Friday morning. Maybe if it were a Thursday afternoon. 0:29:24.400 --> 0:29:25.160 But I know. 0:29:25.920 --> 0:29:28.959 So you might say, like, oh, that's cool. I want 0:29:29.040 --> 0:29:30.640 to try this at home with my ax a lot 0:29:30.640 --> 0:29:34.480 I'm going to cut off its right front leg and 0:29:34.720 --> 0:29:37.560 half of its brain and see what happens. Please don't 0:29:37.600 --> 0:29:40.920 don't because they do have pain receptors, so they can't 0:29:40.920 --> 0:29:43.880 feel pain. Apparently they have a high threshold pain, but 0:29:44.200 --> 0:29:47.120 they will still feel pain if you essentially torture them 0:29:47.120 --> 0:29:49.280 for your own amusement. So don't do that to your 0:29:49.320 --> 0:29:51.760 axe a lottle at home. And by the way, is 0:29:51.840 --> 0:29:54.760 these aren't messages to Charlie's flooras because based on her 0:29:55.080 --> 0:29:57.880 her preliminary research, she knows what she's doing. She's taking 0:29:57.920 --> 0:29:59.960 good care of Boba totally. 0:30:00.880 --> 0:30:05.320 Another amazing superpower that these little guys have is the 0:30:05.560 --> 0:30:07.360 you know, not only can they grow back things and 0:30:07.400 --> 0:30:12.520 grow back organs, but they can transplant organs perfectly, just 0:30:12.520 --> 0:30:14.560 like they can grow things back. They don't have a 0:30:14.680 --> 0:30:17.719 learned immune system like we do when you get and 0:30:17.760 --> 0:30:22.000 we did an episode on organ transplant many years ago, 0:30:22.080 --> 0:30:24.000 and as we all know, a lot of times, in fact, 0:30:24.040 --> 0:30:26.880 about a third of the time, the human body will 0:30:26.920 --> 0:30:30.040 reject the organ because we have a learned immune system 0:30:30.040 --> 0:30:32.800 and we'll just say, no, this isn't, this isn't shouldn't 0:30:32.840 --> 0:30:36.280 be on my body. Yeah, get this thing out of here. 0:30:36.600 --> 0:30:39.080 But axe lottos don't have that, so you can transplant. 0:30:40.360 --> 0:30:44.040 It's like one hundred percent non rejection rate for organ transplants. 0:30:44.120 --> 0:30:46.560 Yeah, but I mean that's for axe lottel. Right, You 0:30:46.560 --> 0:30:48.719 couldn't put like a pig heart in it or anything. 0:30:49.840 --> 0:30:52.600 I don't think they've tried, but probably you're right, I 0:30:52.600 --> 0:30:53.120 would say. 0:30:52.960 --> 0:30:54.080 I don't know if we said it or not. But 0:30:54.160 --> 0:30:57.719 the different kinds of like lab grown types and varieties 0:30:57.760 --> 0:31:00.520 of ax lottols are called morphs. Did you say that. 0:31:01.440 --> 0:31:05.080 So there's a type of morph called the firefly morph. 0:31:05.240 --> 0:31:08.120 And when it's in the embryonic stage, they'll take if 0:31:08.120 --> 0:31:11.880 it's a like a black or dark modeled Axi lottle, 0:31:12.160 --> 0:31:15.320 they'll take a tail from a white axe lotto or 0:31:15.400 --> 0:31:19.800 pink one, and vice versa, and they will transplant the 0:31:19.880 --> 0:31:22.760 tail in the embryonic stage and the thing grows up 0:31:22.760 --> 0:31:24.920 and it's like black with a white tail or white 0:31:24.960 --> 0:31:27.880 with a black tail. I don't think it's very cool looking, 0:31:27.960 --> 0:31:29.360 but I think some people do. 0:31:30.160 --> 0:31:35.840 Yeah. Another superpower is that they are one thousand more 0:31:35.920 --> 0:31:41.920 times resistant to cancer than other mammals. It's pretty amazing. 0:31:41.920 --> 0:31:45.560 And again researchers are studying this because like, could the 0:31:45.600 --> 0:31:49.280 cure for cancer potentially be in these cute little sallies 0:31:49.400 --> 0:31:51.760 And you know, you never know. They have treated breast 0:31:51.800 --> 0:31:57.200 cancer patients with Axi loottle egg serum and it halted 0:31:57.200 --> 0:32:00.440 the growth of cancerous tumors. So you know, know. 0:32:00.520 --> 0:32:02.680 Yeah, they looked into it and they think what happened 0:32:02.760 --> 0:32:08.760 was that the axe Lottle juice reprogrammed the tumor suppressing 0:32:08.840 --> 0:32:12.680 genes that had been turned off epigenetically went in and 0:32:12.720 --> 0:32:16.800 turned it back on, and so the tumor fighting proteins 0:32:16.840 --> 0:32:19.520 and hormones were able to fight that tumor and stop 0:32:19.560 --> 0:32:23.600 it from growing. Wow. Yeah, Wow is right, And I 0:32:23.720 --> 0:32:27.920 say that big wow calls for a message break. What 0:32:27.960 --> 0:32:37.719 do you think? I agree, Stoff we Josh Soft. 0:32:41.880 --> 0:32:44.120 I want to learn about a terroristort in college Taradactyl, 0:32:44.160 --> 0:32:46.800 how to take the berg bo all about rectalink is gone. 0:32:46.800 --> 0:32:50.000 That's a little hunt the Lizzie Borderers on the plane. 0:32:50.040 --> 0:32:53.160 Everything should know. 0:32:56.160 --> 0:32:59.920 Word up, Jerry, so Chuck. There's a big irony with ax. 0:33:00.640 --> 0:33:02.960 Aside from the irony that they can reproduce even though 0:33:02.960 --> 0:33:07.600 they're young and YadA YadA, they are critically endangered in 0:33:07.640 --> 0:33:12.000 the wild because again there's one small, tiny body of 0:33:12.040 --> 0:33:15.920 water in outside of Mexico City where they live, and 0:33:15.920 --> 0:33:20.480 they live nowhere else in the wild, But there's countless 0:33:20.520 --> 0:33:25.560 accil Lottels thriving and living in captivity. Because it was 0:33:25.760 --> 0:33:29.520 very clear early on in the mid nineteenth century to 0:33:29.600 --> 0:33:32.960 at least some French physicians that they would make great 0:33:33.480 --> 0:33:37.280 lab animals to experiment and test on. And so they 0:33:37.320 --> 0:33:40.680 took some sample Acxi lottels to France and from that 0:33:40.760 --> 0:33:43.400 point on they just kept breeding them and breeding them 0:33:43.400 --> 0:33:46.360 and breeding them. Another world has tons of Acxi lottels, 0:33:46.640 --> 0:33:49.320 they're just not around in the wild much. 0:33:49.680 --> 0:33:53.680 Yeah, big time. You know, we talked about the habitat loss. 0:33:53.920 --> 0:34:00.520 There's also a pollution problem. Also, the government introduce carp 0:34:00.640 --> 0:34:05.000 i believe in Tilapia into where the axilottos were into 0:34:05.000 --> 0:34:08.000 that lake and you know it for a food source 0:34:08.040 --> 0:34:11.239 basically for fishermen, but they eat the plants where the 0:34:11.239 --> 0:34:14.200 axil lottles like eggs. So that was a problem. And 0:34:14.640 --> 0:34:17.120 here's some numbers for you. In nineteen ninety eight there 0:34:17.120 --> 0:34:21.120 were about six thousand Axi lottles per square kilometer and 0:34:21.160 --> 0:34:26.280 that is down to thirty five three five per square 0:34:26.320 --> 0:34:28.439 kilometer today, which is very dead. 0:34:28.520 --> 0:34:32.280 Yeah, and again critically endangered. And one of the reasons 0:34:32.360 --> 0:34:35.840 why there's so many in captivity. I was saying is 0:34:35.880 --> 0:34:39.360 that they do make a great lab animal. Apparently they're 0:34:39.760 --> 0:34:45.640 experimented on second or third only to rats and mice. Wow, yeah, 0:34:45.680 --> 0:34:48.200 that's surprising. That must be as far as vertebrates go. 0:34:49.200 --> 0:34:53.400 But they that's where the pink Axi lottels come from 0:34:53.520 --> 0:34:56.200 and all the other specimens. Apparently there were there was 0:34:56.400 --> 0:35:00.359 what are called lucistic axi lottels. They're almost oh buy 0:35:00.360 --> 0:35:03.399 I no, not quite, but they were in that group 0:35:03.440 --> 0:35:05.960 of thirty four X lottels that were first taken into Paris. 0:35:06.000 --> 0:35:08.640 And so every pink axe lotte is descended from those. 0:35:09.200 --> 0:35:12.880 I think there are like six original ones. But the 0:35:12.960 --> 0:35:16.200 reason that they work so well in labs is that 0:35:16.640 --> 0:35:19.680 they have some really interesting traits. 0:35:20.160 --> 0:35:26.160 Yeah, they are very easy to breed in captivity. They 0:35:26.160 --> 0:35:27.560 are easy to keep alive. 0:35:27.280 --> 0:35:28.160 If you know what you're doing. 0:35:28.280 --> 0:35:30.600 Check sure, because we said, you know, they live a 0:35:30.600 --> 0:35:33.680 long time. Apparently they have very big cells and they're 0:35:33.760 --> 0:35:36.799 easy to look at and easy to examine. And I 0:35:36.840 --> 0:35:38.759 think the eggs are thirty times larger than a. 0:35:38.800 --> 0:35:40.640 Human, roughly the size of a beach ball. 0:35:42.040 --> 0:35:44.760 They're embryonic neurons are six hundred times larger. 0:35:44.880 --> 0:35:47.520 What's that it's the size of the Grand Canyon. 0:35:48.160 --> 0:35:54.200 Okay in big max. Sorry, right, And you know they're 0:35:54.320 --> 0:35:57.440 they're just ideal model organisms for the lab, and so 0:35:57.520 --> 0:36:00.680 that's why, and you know, because of their superpower, that's 0:36:00.680 --> 0:36:02.160 why they are studied a lot. 0:36:02.280 --> 0:36:04.800 Yeah, so we found a few things from them already. 0:36:04.800 --> 0:36:09.040 We've figured out how organs develop invertebrates, including us, because, 0:36:09.040 --> 0:36:12.480 like I said, we realized when we scan their genome 0:36:12.880 --> 0:36:15.200 that we have a lot of the same genes. We 0:36:15.280 --> 0:36:18.440 use those genes to grow limbs ourselves and lose our 0:36:18.520 --> 0:36:21.840 tails ourselves while we're in utero, but after we're born, 0:36:22.160 --> 0:36:25.320 probably right before we're born, those genes get turned off. 0:36:25.680 --> 0:36:28.120 So we've figured out, thanks to the Axil Lottel how 0:36:28.160 --> 0:36:31.320 those genes work and which ones are important. We figured 0:36:31.360 --> 0:36:34.080 out how spina bifido works and where it comes from. 0:36:34.440 --> 0:36:39.040 And thyroid hormones you wanted those isolated Axi Lotte's got 0:36:39.120 --> 0:36:39.600 you covered. 0:36:40.400 --> 0:36:44.440 Yeah, it's pretty amazing. If you're in did you already 0:36:44.480 --> 0:36:47.880 say that the fact that they're growing like tons and 0:36:47.920 --> 0:36:49.680 tons of these in a lab doesn't mean you can 0:36:49.760 --> 0:36:51.920 just throw them back in a lake because they have 0:36:51.960 --> 0:36:52.880 a shortage. 0:36:52.520 --> 0:36:53.799 There, right, I did not say that. 0:36:54.560 --> 0:36:56.719 Well, I just said it because that's what I was 0:36:56.760 --> 0:37:00.399 thinking this whole time. I was researching. It was well, 0:37:00.560 --> 0:37:03.799 why then, since they are critically endangered, can't you just 0:37:03.920 --> 0:37:07.319 release you know, tens of thousands of these But it 0:37:07.480 --> 0:37:10.400 just doesn't work that way. These morphs are bred for 0:37:10.440 --> 0:37:14.520 the lab, they're not bread for that lake, and it 0:37:14.560 --> 0:37:16.120 apparently just doesn't work. 0:37:16.520 --> 0:37:19.719 It'd be like moving your city cousin in with your 0:37:19.760 --> 0:37:24.000 country cousin. Like you might have a decent sitcom on 0:37:24.040 --> 0:37:26.000 your hands, but it's only going to last a season 0:37:26.120 --> 0:37:27.480 or two, that's right. 0:37:27.520 --> 0:37:30.640 It all falls apart on Super Tuesdays exactly. 0:37:31.320 --> 0:37:34.359 So yeah, they can't do that. That's not to say 0:37:34.360 --> 0:37:36.520 that they won't find a place where they could introduce 0:37:36.560 --> 0:37:40.759 them to the wild. It's just apparently taking them back 0:37:40.800 --> 0:37:43.600 to where they're from or where they originated is not 0:37:43.800 --> 0:37:44.480 on the table. 0:37:45.360 --> 0:37:48.120 Yeah. And if you're wondering, well, what are they doing, 0:37:48.360 --> 0:37:51.520 they are trying because the axe lotel is such a 0:37:51.600 --> 0:37:57.800 culturally important thing, scientifically important animal. It is a flagship 0:37:57.840 --> 0:38:01.920 species that they designated i think semi recently, which which 0:38:02.000 --> 0:38:05.960 helps obviously protect it. They are now building sheltered areas 0:38:06.200 --> 0:38:10.879 that don't have those grass eating tilapia. They're blocking them 0:38:10.880 --> 0:38:13.120 out so they can lay those eggs safely. Where they 0:38:13.400 --> 0:38:16.200 had for you know, eons. Actually, how long is an eon? 0:38:16.239 --> 0:38:19.279 I probably misuse that. I don't know. 0:38:19.800 --> 0:38:23.040 Let's say, I'm sure I'll get any pretty long time, Okay, 0:38:23.120 --> 0:38:23.919 pretty long time. 0:38:24.920 --> 0:38:28.600 The tour guides and the locals have all been you know, 0:38:28.800 --> 0:38:32.799 educated and trained on best practices for like fishing and 0:38:32.920 --> 0:38:36.080 doing those tours, and you know, hopefully all that stuff 0:38:37.160 --> 0:38:39.560 makes a difference and really sinks in because it is 0:38:39.640 --> 0:38:41.960 a beloved cultural creature. 0:38:41.680 --> 0:38:45.160 So beloved in fact, chuck that. In twenty twenty, Mexico said, hey, everybody, 0:38:45.239 --> 0:38:48.879 check out our new fifty payso bill. And everybody's like, oh, 0:38:48.880 --> 0:38:51.040 it's pretty cool, all right, And then they said no, no, 0:38:51.120 --> 0:38:53.960 turn it over, right, and everybody turned it over. They're like, 0:38:54.120 --> 0:38:56.680 there's an axe lottle on the back of the fifty 0:38:56.680 --> 0:39:00.239 payso bill. Now Mexico's government said, yep, cool. 0:39:00.320 --> 0:39:03.040 Yeah, every time they do that trick, they put it 0:39:03.200 --> 0:39:06.000 on the wrong side and just say, watching this, yeah exactly, 0:39:06.360 --> 0:39:08.040 I tell them to turn it over. It kills. 0:39:08.120 --> 0:39:10.760 What's funny is the axe lottel appears to be floating 0:39:10.920 --> 0:39:14.480 above the water weirdly. Yeah, it's a strange jam, but 0:39:14.600 --> 0:39:16.799 it's cute as a button. On the back of the 0:39:16.800 --> 0:39:17.719 fifty payso. 0:39:17.560 --> 0:39:22.200 Bill, Yeah, I agree, and also shout out to Minecraft. Uh, 0:39:22.239 --> 0:39:24.920 that's a game that my daughter's obsessed with now, as 0:39:24.960 --> 0:39:28.200 many young EN's are. And there is an axe Lottel 0:39:28.280 --> 0:39:28.920 in Minecraft. 0:39:28.920 --> 0:39:32.000 Okay, I couldn't figure this out. What's a mob in Minecraft? 0:39:32.040 --> 0:39:34.799 It seems to be referred to like an individual thing. 0:39:35.800 --> 0:39:39.680 I don't know, okay, apparently no, I don't play, so 0:39:39.719 --> 0:39:42.560 I don't know. Okay, fair enough, you like, but do 0:39:42.600 --> 0:39:43.359 you talk to your daughter? 0:39:43.400 --> 0:39:46.440 And I'm curious though, ask her and let me know, 0:39:46.480 --> 0:39:47.640 will you? Yeah? 0:39:47.719 --> 0:39:49.840 Yeah, I'll just she can text you now. 0:39:49.800 --> 0:39:51.759 Oh yeah, tell her to text me what a mob is? 0:39:52.280 --> 0:39:55.080 All right? She does have a phone, but she does 0:39:55.120 --> 0:39:58.160 have a little email address, so it's cute text her 0:39:58.280 --> 0:40:01.759 friends occasionally. She does have thumb and she does have 0:40:01.840 --> 0:40:04.279 thumbs and they work pretty well. Get ready for lots 0:40:04.280 --> 0:40:04.760 of memes. 0:40:04.800 --> 0:40:06.919 By the way, what do you mean, Oh, she's gonna 0:40:06.920 --> 0:40:10.840 send me if your okay? Does she have the good ones? 0:40:11.640 --> 0:40:13.440 I don't even know how to get a meme in 0:40:13.520 --> 0:40:15.920 a text. I have no idea. And the first thing 0:40:16.040 --> 0:40:18.239 she did was send me like sixty in a row. 0:40:18.560 --> 0:40:20.120 It's copy and paste buddy. 0:40:20.480 --> 0:40:22.200 I know, but I don't even know where to find them. 0:40:22.400 --> 0:40:24.480 Oh that's a big first step. 0:40:25.040 --> 0:40:26.520 Yeah, I'm not going to give you your phone number. 0:40:26.560 --> 0:40:29.319 You'll your life will change, and not in a great way. 0:40:29.320 --> 0:40:32.080 Okay, well, then send me screenshots of her texts to you. 0:40:32.200 --> 0:40:34.480 Then all right, leave me out of it. 0:40:34.719 --> 0:40:35.160 Sorry. 0:40:35.320 --> 0:40:38.560 So Mexico City in twenty seventeen said, hey, let's have 0:40:38.600 --> 0:40:42.120 an emoji contest because, as as is the case with 0:40:42.200 --> 0:40:44.520 cities these days, every city has to have its own 0:40:44.760 --> 0:40:48.759 official emoji. And guess what the emojis are based on 0:40:48.920 --> 0:40:54.600 in Mexico City to Molly's with the ax Lottle head 0:40:54.640 --> 0:40:58.080 sticking out of the Oh no, no, just ax Lottle 0:40:58.280 --> 0:40:58.880 doing stuff. 0:40:58.920 --> 0:41:02.400 That's great. Love it. So before we finish up, you 0:41:02.480 --> 0:41:06.239 found some good stuff about ax A Lottle care. We 0:41:06.360 --> 0:41:09.960 are not experts, but you did find some stuff. Where 0:41:09.960 --> 0:41:10.480 did you find this? 0:41:12.120 --> 0:41:14.359 I'll have to tell you in a moment. 0:41:14.200 --> 0:41:18.359 But go ahead, okay, And again you should you know, 0:41:18.440 --> 0:41:20.520 if you're getting into the ax A Lottle game, as 0:41:20.600 --> 0:41:23.880 pat wise, do all your own research. Don't just listen 0:41:23.920 --> 0:41:25.680 to the next you know, five minutes and think I 0:41:25.680 --> 0:41:29.440 got it covered. This is just sort of a broad overview, right, right. 0:41:29.360 --> 0:41:31.640 Yeah, So there's a few things that you need to 0:41:31.680 --> 0:41:36.840 remember with ax a lottles. There very sensitive to water 0:41:36.880 --> 0:41:40.560 temperature and water quality. Obviously you want to start with 0:41:40.600 --> 0:41:43.400 fresh water, but you want to start with filtered freshwater 0:41:43.480 --> 0:41:45.680 to begin with. But you can't just put fresh water 0:41:45.760 --> 0:41:48.200 in there and say hey, it's all good, get in there, 0:41:48.239 --> 0:41:50.319 ax a lottle. You want to tweak it enough so 0:41:50.360 --> 0:41:52.400 that the ax a lottle can be happy and thrive 0:41:52.480 --> 0:41:52.879 in there. 0:41:53.960 --> 0:41:56.680 Yeah. You also want to get a fish net. You 0:41:56.680 --> 0:41:59.000 don't want to handle as much as you might want 0:41:59.000 --> 0:42:02.279 to pet this thing. They have very sensitive skin. It's 0:42:02.400 --> 0:42:05.319 very easily damaged, and so you don't want to pick 0:42:05.360 --> 0:42:07.440 the thing up or pettit or anything like that. So 0:42:07.680 --> 0:42:09.680 get out your little fish net when you're changing water 0:42:09.719 --> 0:42:14.359 and stuff like that, and feed them a lot. Right. 0:42:14.760 --> 0:42:17.680 Yes, you want to feed them live stuff if possible, 0:42:17.960 --> 0:42:21.040 especially when they're young, because they actually have a prey 0:42:21.160 --> 0:42:23.480 a predator response, so it's got to be moving for 0:42:23.520 --> 0:42:25.879 them to be like, oh that's food. They can eat 0:42:25.960 --> 0:42:29.000 dead stuff later on as they get older, but you 0:42:29.080 --> 0:42:31.239 want to also be very selective. Don't go out and 0:42:31.280 --> 0:42:34.080 like save some money and harvest your own bloodworms. If 0:42:34.080 --> 0:42:35.880 you even know how to do that. You want to 0:42:35.920 --> 0:42:39.319 buy them from a reputable bloodworm dealer, which you can 0:42:39.320 --> 0:42:44.160 find basically on any corner in any talent in America. Sure, 0:42:44.760 --> 0:42:47.440 But the reason why is because those things are typically 0:42:47.560 --> 0:42:51.799 like disease free parasite free, and if they aren't, those 0:42:51.920 --> 0:42:54.239 can basically make your axe a little sick. 0:42:55.480 --> 0:42:58.160 That's right. You don't want to do that. When tank 0:42:58.200 --> 0:43:00.200 shopping too, you also want to and this is true 0:43:00.200 --> 0:43:02.600 with any fish, and I think a common mistake is 0:43:02.640 --> 0:43:06.280 that you don't get the right size tank and habitat. 0:43:06.600 --> 0:43:10.399 For whatever it is, they need a little bit of room. 0:43:10.520 --> 0:43:15.319 So a twenty gallon aquarium is what they recommend for 0:43:15.400 --> 0:43:19.759 like just one single Axi Lottel. If you want more 0:43:19.800 --> 0:43:21.800 than one, they say you really shouldn't do that. You 0:43:21.800 --> 0:43:24.400 should just have one. You don't get five or six 0:43:24.440 --> 0:43:26.520 because you think it's five or six times as cute. 0:43:27.719 --> 0:43:32.120 But if you are some sort of professional aquarium type 0:43:32.160 --> 0:43:34.480 and you do want to house more than one, then 0:43:34.640 --> 0:43:37.000 that tank has to grow, you know, proportionally. 0:43:37.360 --> 0:43:40.040 Yeah. The other thing I was saying about the water, 0:43:40.160 --> 0:43:41.839 you need to tweak it. You want to keep your 0:43:41.840 --> 0:43:44.919 water temperature between sixty and sixty four degrees farent height. 0:43:45.440 --> 0:43:48.880 Go figure it out yourself. For Celsius and the pH 0:43:49.200 --> 0:43:51.759 you want somewhere between six point five and eight, but 0:43:51.880 --> 0:43:55.080 ideally about seven point four to seven point six, which 0:43:55.120 --> 0:43:57.960 is basically right in there at neutral. They like neutral 0:43:58.040 --> 0:44:01.239 fresh water at sixty to sixty four degrees farent height. 0:44:02.440 --> 0:44:05.200 That's right. And they aren't like fish. You can't just 0:44:05.920 --> 0:44:08.400 throw like fish gravel in there. And oh that's a 0:44:08.400 --> 0:44:13.320 big way. They need their own really specific habitat the substrate. 0:44:13.880 --> 0:44:17.120 And you know, little shards of gravel can really really 0:44:17.160 --> 0:44:20.200 harm an axi lottle it can. They tend to just 0:44:20.239 --> 0:44:23.600 sort of gulp down water and in that water could 0:44:23.600 --> 0:44:28.160 be little tiny shards of gravel. So maybe loose sand 0:44:28.960 --> 0:44:32.640 could be a foundation. Definitely, don't just think. Get a 0:44:32.640 --> 0:44:35.239 fish tank and fish tank stuff and it'll work for 0:44:35.239 --> 0:44:35.680 your axe a lot. 0:44:35.880 --> 0:44:37.400 Yeah, And some people say, well, I'm just not going 0:44:37.480 --> 0:44:39.920 to put anything down. They can just leave the bottom 0:44:39.920 --> 0:44:42.399 of the tank bear, which your ax a lotta won't 0:44:42.440 --> 0:44:45.080 cut their skin on anything. But they'll also be freaked 0:44:45.080 --> 0:44:47.959 out because everything's so slippery. So sand is a good thing. 0:44:48.239 --> 0:44:50.920 And they also can burrow into sand if they're nervous 0:44:51.000 --> 0:44:54.239 or scared or want to sleep too. That's right, there's 0:44:54.320 --> 0:44:56.360 a lot more out there. By the way, that was 0:44:56.400 --> 0:45:00.000 from the Atlantic City Aquarium. They know what they're talking 0:45:00.000 --> 0:45:03.279 talking about, and you should probably do a lot more 0:45:03.400 --> 0:45:05.560 research before you actually get your ax A Lottle and 0:45:05.960 --> 0:45:06.879 set its tank up. 0:45:07.360 --> 0:45:11.000 Okay, that's right. And also now since we are wrapping 0:45:11.000 --> 0:45:14.279 this up, this means that we can go listen to 0:45:14.960 --> 0:45:19.360 the ninety nine percent Invisible Episode Model Organism, which also 0:45:19.520 --> 0:45:22.400 covers the ax A Lottle. But Dave, who helped us 0:45:22.400 --> 0:45:24.960 with this, was like, don't listen to that first, because 0:45:25.280 --> 0:45:28.240 you're just gonna want to steal it all because Roman 0:45:28.360 --> 0:45:30.600 and the gang there does they do such a great 0:45:30.680 --> 0:45:33.080 job and they have forever and Roman as a friend 0:45:33.120 --> 0:45:35.120 of the show, and I can't wait to go listen 0:45:35.160 --> 0:45:36.720 to it. I'm sure it's amazing here. 0:45:37.440 --> 0:45:41.000 Well, thanks to Roman for making that amazing episode, Thanks 0:45:41.000 --> 0:45:44.200 to Charlie's Flores and her mom Gabrielle for sending in 0:45:44.239 --> 0:45:46.759 that preliminary research. Thanks to Dave for helping us out, 0:45:47.080 --> 0:45:49.640 and thanks to you for listening. Since I thank you 0:45:49.680 --> 0:45:53.399 guys for listening and Chuck just said okay, tacitly by 0:45:53.400 --> 0:45:55.839 his silence, that means it's time for listener mail. 0:45:59.040 --> 0:46:02.200 That's right. And also thanks to Charlie's their own sure 0:46:03.000 --> 0:46:05.960 and Rod Stewart, we got shout out. I mean we 0:46:06.000 --> 0:46:07.480 have been picking on him. I was just watching the 0:46:07.680 --> 0:46:09.839 videos of old Sir Rod. Is he a sir? 0:46:10.040 --> 0:46:10.600 I believe? 0:46:10.680 --> 0:46:10.759 So? 0:46:10.960 --> 0:46:14.560 Yeah, sir, thanks for being such a great sport rotten. 0:46:16.000 --> 0:46:22.520 Uh all right, I'm gonna call this one. Which one 0:46:22.560 --> 0:46:24.040 should I do? I'll do this one. I'll call this 0:46:24.600 --> 0:46:25.680 bede bed. 0:46:25.719 --> 0:46:29.080 Oh man, what's wrong? I wanted to go the rest 0:46:29.120 --> 0:46:30.480 of my life without correcting that. 0:46:32.000 --> 0:46:35.799 Well. Sorry, Uh hey guys, longtime listener of stuff you 0:46:35.800 --> 0:46:40.000 should know from uh Wollongong, Australia. 0:46:40.200 --> 0:46:44.719 Okay, Wallongong, I guarantee that's not how it's pronounced. 0:46:44.800 --> 0:46:48.000 Wal I gong all you have to do to be 0:46:48.040 --> 0:46:50.880 Australian to sound surprise at everything while I go. 0:46:51.160 --> 0:46:52.839 I think that was a New Zealand accent too. 0:46:52.880 --> 0:46:55.960 By the way, probably hey guys, heard your podcast and 0:46:55.960 --> 0:46:58.600 how the English language developed and have to correct your 0:46:58.640 --> 0:47:03.759 pronunciation of b E. Saint b d E is a 0:47:03.760 --> 0:47:06.879 famous Catholic saint who was a learned scholar from the 0:47:07.080 --> 0:47:11.319 Jarro area of northern England. He's famous for writing a 0:47:11.400 --> 0:47:14.320 history of the English speaking people in English as opposed 0:47:14.320 --> 0:47:16.319 to Latin. I think he also had something to do 0:47:16.360 --> 0:47:18.520 with the change to the calendar and using BC and 0:47:18.600 --> 0:47:21.439 AD and prefixes for dates before and after the birth 0:47:21.480 --> 0:47:24.960 of Jesus. Now this is something deserving of a separate 0:47:25.200 --> 0:47:28.120 so if you should know topic one day. Anyway, as 0:47:28.200 --> 0:47:30.400 I am named after him, I can assure you that 0:47:30.480 --> 0:47:34.840 the pronunciation of his name is the same as Bead. 0:47:37.640 --> 0:47:40.480 Is that a disappointment, Yes, that's a disappointment, but I'm 0:47:40.480 --> 0:47:43.000 not even convinced. I mean, that's what Bed says. 0:47:44.200 --> 0:47:46.400 Well, Beide says, I've long had to put up with 0:47:46.440 --> 0:47:54.000 people mispronouncing my name Bead Bead I and could you die. Well, 0:47:54.000 --> 0:47:56.120 that's what he says, and could not help but correct 0:47:56.120 --> 0:47:57.680 your attempts to get his name right. Keep up the 0:47:57.680 --> 0:48:00.760 great work. Cheers that is from Bade Richie. 0:48:01.960 --> 0:48:04.920 Thanks a lot, Beatty or Bead. I will call you 0:48:04.960 --> 0:48:07.120 Bead because you said that's how your name is pronounced. 0:48:07.200 --> 0:48:10.319 But this doesn't necessarily mean by extension unless you have 0:48:10.320 --> 0:48:12.799 a time machine handy that I don't know about that 0:48:13.080 --> 0:48:15.040 Beatie's name wasn't pronounced. 0:48:14.640 --> 0:48:16.280 Beatie auh greedy. 0:48:17.600 --> 0:48:19.080 Uh. Well, if you want to get in touch with 0:48:19.080 --> 0:48:21.000 this like bad did, thanks a lot. By the way, Bead, 0:48:21.800 --> 0:48:24.759 you can send us an email to Stuff Podcasts at 0:48:24.760 --> 0:48:28.320 iHeartRadio dot com. 0:48:29.200 --> 0:48:32.080 Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For 0:48:32.160 --> 0:48:36.359 more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, 0:48:36.480 --> 0:48:38.320 or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.