1 00:00:10,440 --> 00:00:13,960 Speaker 1: A howling wind whipped through the pine trees, blowing icy 2 00:00:14,040 --> 00:00:19,160 Speaker 1: crystals from snow heavy branches. In a small clearing, A 3 00:00:19,200 --> 00:00:22,079 Speaker 1: thin curl of smoke rose from the roof of a 4 00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:26,480 Speaker 1: dome shaped dwelling made from tree branches covered with rush 5 00:00:26,560 --> 00:00:32,240 Speaker 1: matting and a dusting of fresh snow. Inside, a family 6 00:00:32,320 --> 00:00:35,599 Speaker 1: lay as close as possible to the meager fire and 7 00:00:35,680 --> 00:00:40,360 Speaker 1: its hot stones, Too tired and famished to move. There 8 00:00:40,400 --> 00:00:43,920 Speaker 1: were occasional whimpers from the small children as the mother 9 00:00:44,280 --> 00:00:49,680 Speaker 1: weakly stroked their hair. Three other adults were listlessly sleeping, 10 00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:55,800 Speaker 1: her mother and brother in law, and her husband. Scraps 11 00:00:55,840 --> 00:00:58,920 Speaker 1: from their last meal, fragments of the skin and bone 12 00:00:58,960 --> 00:01:02,920 Speaker 1: of a beaver, the snowshoe hare stripped of every last 13 00:01:03,080 --> 00:01:07,560 Speaker 1: morsel of flesh, and several days old, lay scattered near 14 00:01:07,600 --> 00:01:12,279 Speaker 1: the hearth. The husband, empty whiskey bottles at his feet, 15 00:01:12,720 --> 00:01:17,800 Speaker 1: had fallen into a fitful sleep. Somewhere deep in his mind. 16 00:01:18,800 --> 00:01:22,360 Speaker 1: The sound of the gusty wind howling around the wigwamp 17 00:01:22,959 --> 00:01:27,520 Speaker 1: morphed first into a semi human howl, and then into 18 00:01:27,560 --> 00:01:33,960 Speaker 1: an insistent, rasping whisper that sounded like bone scraping on bone. 19 00:01:35,040 --> 00:01:39,680 Speaker 1: Then he found himself, staring out into a snowstorm and 20 00:01:39,840 --> 00:01:43,720 Speaker 1: through a white mist, the shape of an impossibly tall figure, 21 00:01:44,480 --> 00:01:50,200 Speaker 1: gaunt and skeletal, emerged in the distance. He could see 22 00:01:50,200 --> 00:01:55,280 Speaker 1: it hiding in the trees, deathly ashen gray, with desiccated 23 00:01:55,360 --> 00:01:59,800 Speaker 1: skin pulled tightly over its bones. It had only sock 24 00:01:59,880 --> 00:02:04,120 Speaker 1: it for eyes, and in place of lips there was 25 00:02:04,160 --> 00:02:11,040 Speaker 1: only tattered, bloody flesh, stinking of decay and decomposition. The 26 00:02:11,120 --> 00:02:18,119 Speaker 1: creature raised one emaciated clawlike hand, beckoning Kakisi Kutcheon closer, 27 00:02:19,400 --> 00:02:25,040 Speaker 1: but the man stayed still, too terrified to move. He 28 00:02:25,080 --> 00:02:28,200 Speaker 1: could see then that the creature was chewing on what 29 00:02:28,360 --> 00:02:33,760 Speaker 1: looked like raw pink flesh, the blood dripping from its mouth. 30 00:02:35,400 --> 00:02:41,240 Speaker 1: Khakisi Kutcheon woke suddenly from the nightmare, drenched in cold sweat. 31 00:02:42,840 --> 00:02:46,359 Speaker 1: Shaking it off, he rose weakly to his feet and 32 00:02:46,560 --> 00:02:51,680 Speaker 1: snaggered outside to relieve himself. The gathering dusk was descending 33 00:02:51,880 --> 00:02:56,520 Speaker 1: like a blanket over the trees, the start of another interminable, 34 00:02:56,720 --> 00:03:02,680 Speaker 1: frozen Canadian winter night. Through a groggy haze, the man 35 00:03:02,960 --> 00:03:07,720 Speaker 1: remembered his dream. He gazed out into the growing blizzard, 36 00:03:08,160 --> 00:03:13,399 Speaker 1: trying to discern shapes in the trees beyond. Then, as 37 00:03:13,400 --> 00:03:18,320 Speaker 1: if hypnotized, he began shuffling slowly back to the relative 38 00:03:18,400 --> 00:03:25,360 Speaker 1: warmth of the Wigwam, Gripped by an insatiable urge in sight. 39 00:03:26,000 --> 00:03:29,959 Speaker 1: He stared at the forms of his wife, mother in law, brother, 40 00:03:30,600 --> 00:03:34,720 Speaker 1: and his six children. They seemed to shift and change 41 00:03:34,800 --> 00:03:38,600 Speaker 1: before him in the flickering half light of the dying fire, 42 00:03:39,640 --> 00:03:45,320 Speaker 1: into the shapes of beavers, hares, and rabbits. His eyes 43 00:03:45,360 --> 00:03:50,040 Speaker 1: glazed over with a strange intensity. Saliva dripped from the 44 00:03:50,080 --> 00:03:54,320 Speaker 1: corners of his mouth, and a terrible hunger twisted in 45 00:03:54,400 --> 00:03:59,680 Speaker 1: his gut. Consumed by the unstoppable desire to eat flesh, 46 00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:03,600 Speaker 1: he took up the hunting rifle resting against the wall 47 00:04:04,160 --> 00:04:08,520 Speaker 1: and raised it to his shoulder. Then he took aim 48 00:04:08,560 --> 00:04:15,080 Speaker 1: and opened fire. You're listening to Unexplained, and I'm Richard 49 00:04:15,120 --> 00:04:26,120 Speaker 1: mc lean smith. The Wendigo is held deep in the 50 00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:31,680 Speaker 1: collective memory and traditional folklore of the Ojibwe, Cree, Chippewa, 51 00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:38,840 Speaker 1: and Algonquin tribes. These Annishinabe peoples ancestral homelands stretch across 52 00:04:38,920 --> 00:04:42,760 Speaker 1: much of the northern u s and Canada for centuries. 53 00:04:43,000 --> 00:04:45,640 Speaker 1: Every year, at the end of fall, when the lakes 54 00:04:45,680 --> 00:04:48,920 Speaker 1: began to freeze over and the snow started to fall, 55 00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:53,000 Speaker 1: and a Shinabe people would spread out from communal summer 56 00:04:53,040 --> 00:04:57,200 Speaker 1: camps deep into the woods, with each family group going 57 00:04:57,240 --> 00:05:02,360 Speaker 1: to traditional winter camp sites. There, they hunted deer and moose, 58 00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:06,280 Speaker 1: snowshoe hair, and beaver, as well as fishing through the 59 00:05:06,320 --> 00:05:10,800 Speaker 1: ice and using stores of wild rice, berries and maple 60 00:05:10,839 --> 00:05:15,400 Speaker 1: sugar to survive the winter months. They were often haunted 61 00:05:15,440 --> 00:05:19,520 Speaker 1: by the Wendigo, an evil spirit said to roam the dark, 62 00:05:19,920 --> 00:05:25,919 Speaker 1: intensely cold forests, preying on starving humans. As they sat 63 00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:30,200 Speaker 1: in their traditional wooden framed wigwams draped in tree bark, 64 00:05:30,720 --> 00:05:34,640 Speaker 1: the cracks stuffed with grass, they would tell tales around 65 00:05:34,640 --> 00:05:38,280 Speaker 1: the fire of how the Wendigo would sometimes be seen 66 00:05:38,400 --> 00:05:41,480 Speaker 1: by one or more members of a group who'd fallen 67 00:05:41,560 --> 00:05:46,040 Speaker 1: on hard times, used up their store of berries and 68 00:05:46,200 --> 00:05:51,720 Speaker 1: failed to catch enough game. This spirit creature would strike 69 00:05:52,160 --> 00:05:55,600 Speaker 1: whenever it found people starving and at their most desperate, 70 00:05:56,680 --> 00:06:01,720 Speaker 1: often preceded by a foul stench or sudden extra icy chill. 71 00:06:02,400 --> 00:06:07,800 Speaker 1: The creature would appear as a giant, gray skinned, emaciated humanoid. 72 00:06:09,279 --> 00:06:13,159 Speaker 1: Sometimes it is said that the windigo would mimic human voices, 73 00:06:13,640 --> 00:06:16,680 Speaker 1: which appeared to be carried on the wind, luring an 74 00:06:16,800 --> 00:06:21,000 Speaker 1: unsuspecting victim deep into the trees, where it would attack 75 00:06:21,520 --> 00:06:26,200 Speaker 1: and then feast on them. Whenever a wendigo ate someone, 76 00:06:26,480 --> 00:06:29,400 Speaker 1: it was said to grow in proportion to the size 77 00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:34,200 Speaker 1: of the meal, and so never able to satiate its hunger. 78 00:06:34,720 --> 00:06:40,320 Speaker 1: The wendigo was also and still is, an embodiment of gluttony, greed, 79 00:06:40,440 --> 00:06:46,000 Speaker 1: and excess. Although the wendigo is frequently depicted as having 80 00:06:46,080 --> 00:06:50,360 Speaker 1: horns or antlers, these features never appeared in the original 81 00:06:50,560 --> 00:06:54,880 Speaker 1: indigenous stories. They are modern inventions of horror novels and 82 00:06:55,040 --> 00:07:00,480 Speaker 1: Hollywood movie plots. On other occasions, the Anishinabis said that 83 00:07:00,640 --> 00:07:04,760 Speaker 1: one or more starving people became possessed by the wendigo, 84 00:07:05,440 --> 00:07:09,440 Speaker 1: with historical accounts of such possessions going at least as 85 00:07:09,480 --> 00:07:20,080 Speaker 1: far back as sixteen sixty one. In the seventeenth century, 86 00:07:20,480 --> 00:07:24,920 Speaker 1: Jesuit ministries reported being greatly concerned when they learned that 87 00:07:25,000 --> 00:07:28,360 Speaker 1: some people they were supposed to rendezvous with had died 88 00:07:28,440 --> 00:07:33,280 Speaker 1: in a very strange manner the previous winter. These people, 89 00:07:33,360 --> 00:07:36,200 Speaker 1: they said, seemed to have suffered from some type of 90 00:07:36,240 --> 00:07:40,520 Speaker 1: frenzy which made them so ravenous for human flesh that 91 00:07:40,560 --> 00:07:46,480 Speaker 1: they pounced upon women, children, and men like veritable werewolves, 92 00:07:46,480 --> 00:07:51,360 Speaker 1: devouring them voraciously without being able to appease or stem 93 00:07:51,480 --> 00:07:56,640 Speaker 1: their appetite. But Jesuits reported that having been thus afflicted, 94 00:07:57,120 --> 00:08:00,440 Speaker 1: the individuals were then killed by fellow members of their 95 00:08:00,520 --> 00:08:06,880 Speaker 1: tribe to halt the madness. Fear of anyone suspected of 96 00:08:06,960 --> 00:08:11,000 Speaker 1: having been so possessed was rife, and members of a 97 00:08:11,040 --> 00:08:15,880 Speaker 1: community would sometimes band together and kill a person suspected 98 00:08:15,920 --> 00:08:21,840 Speaker 1: of wendigo possession. In spring seventeen seventy five, Hudson's Bay 99 00:08:21,920 --> 00:08:26,280 Speaker 1: Company officer Samuel Hearn was busy building what's known today 100 00:08:26,360 --> 00:08:30,880 Speaker 1: as Cumberland House, the Hudson's Bay Company's first inland for 101 00:08:31,160 --> 00:08:35,760 Speaker 1: trading post. When a lean, hardy looking Native American of 102 00:08:35,880 --> 00:08:40,440 Speaker 1: the Wapoos tribe arrived at the settlement, he was soon 103 00:08:40,440 --> 00:08:44,240 Speaker 1: accosted by a group of fellow Native Americans, who gathered 104 00:08:44,240 --> 00:08:48,520 Speaker 1: around him, demanding to know where he'd come from. He 105 00:08:48,600 --> 00:08:51,880 Speaker 1: said only that he'd come a considerable way by himself, 106 00:08:52,200 --> 00:08:57,599 Speaker 1: without a gun or ammunition. The others quickly became suspicious 107 00:08:57,960 --> 00:09:01,240 Speaker 1: and wondered if he'd perhaps met an killed someone along 108 00:09:01,280 --> 00:09:06,280 Speaker 1: his way later, once the young Wapoos had found lodgings, 109 00:09:06,760 --> 00:09:10,199 Speaker 1: he was seen secretly snashing a bag of provisions up 110 00:09:10,200 --> 00:09:14,920 Speaker 1: a nearby pine tree. Some women stealthily crept out to 111 00:09:15,000 --> 00:09:19,960 Speaker 1: the tree and pulled down the bag. Inside they found 112 00:09:20,080 --> 00:09:25,760 Speaker 1: meat that they were certain was human flesh. Fearing they 113 00:09:25,840 --> 00:09:28,800 Speaker 1: might have a real life Wendigo on their hands, the 114 00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:32,840 Speaker 1: men loaded up their guns and readied their bows and arrows, 115 00:09:33,320 --> 00:09:37,199 Speaker 1: while the women took up hatchets, all intent on killing 116 00:09:37,240 --> 00:09:42,720 Speaker 1: the hapless stranger. Luckily, some elders quickly debunked the claims 117 00:09:43,040 --> 00:09:46,080 Speaker 1: and declared that the young man was guilty of nothing 118 00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:51,480 Speaker 1: more than traveling two hundred miles alone. On this occasion, 119 00:09:51,720 --> 00:09:55,240 Speaker 1: a life was saved, but not everyone was so lucky 120 00:09:56,160 --> 00:10:10,760 Speaker 1: or so innocent. One spring day in eighteen seventy nine, 121 00:10:11,400 --> 00:10:16,000 Speaker 1: a tall, apparently healthy cree man wandered alone into the 122 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:19,560 Speaker 1: Catholic mission town of Saint albert on the Sturgeon River, 123 00:10:20,200 --> 00:10:24,840 Speaker 1: just northwest of the city of Edmonton in Alberta. Far 124 00:10:24,920 --> 00:10:27,920 Speaker 1: from staggering to the steps of the mission, he walked 125 00:10:28,000 --> 00:10:31,440 Speaker 1: jauntily and appeared to be a specimen of good health. 126 00:10:32,679 --> 00:10:37,000 Speaker 1: His name was Khaki C. Kutchin or swift Runner, as 127 00:10:37,040 --> 00:10:41,280 Speaker 1: it translates to English. Over six feet tall and a 128 00:10:41,360 --> 00:10:44,720 Speaker 1: father of six children, he'd been a popular man in 129 00:10:44,760 --> 00:10:48,240 Speaker 1: the Cree community for many years, making his living as 130 00:10:48,240 --> 00:10:51,640 Speaker 1: a trapper, then working as a guide for the Northwest 131 00:10:51,760 --> 00:10:57,320 Speaker 1: Mounted Police. But over time swift Runner developed a taste 132 00:10:57,360 --> 00:11:01,760 Speaker 1: for whiskey and became an alcoholic. He was said to 133 00:11:01,760 --> 00:11:05,280 Speaker 1: be an angry drunk with the tendency to violence, and 134 00:11:05,400 --> 00:11:08,240 Speaker 1: his habit would eventually get him fired by the police 135 00:11:08,320 --> 00:11:12,600 Speaker 1: force and kicked out of his tribe. In the winter 136 00:11:12,679 --> 00:11:17,680 Speaker 1: of eighteen seventy eight, swift Runner took his wife, six children, 137 00:11:18,200 --> 00:11:22,640 Speaker 1: mother in law, and brother out into the forest, ostensibly 138 00:11:22,720 --> 00:11:26,520 Speaker 1: to hunt food to last them the winter months, but 139 00:11:26,679 --> 00:11:31,640 Speaker 1: only swift Runner returned from the stay. When asked by 140 00:11:31,679 --> 00:11:34,800 Speaker 1: the priests in Saint Albert what had happened to his family, 141 00:11:35,480 --> 00:11:39,640 Speaker 1: swift Runner claimed they had all starved to death. It 142 00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:42,720 Speaker 1: had been an especially brutal and bitter winter that year, 143 00:11:43,280 --> 00:11:47,760 Speaker 1: But the priests had trouble believing the story. They knew 144 00:11:47,880 --> 00:11:51,000 Speaker 1: quite a few other Cree who'd had a pretty successful 145 00:11:51,080 --> 00:11:54,960 Speaker 1: winter hunting season that year, and if the family had 146 00:11:55,040 --> 00:11:59,040 Speaker 1: experienced trouble catching food, why hadn't they traveled to the 147 00:11:59,120 --> 00:12:03,360 Speaker 1: Hudson's Baker Company post, located a mere twenty five miles 148 00:12:03,400 --> 00:12:07,640 Speaker 1: from their camp, where they would have been given emergency rations. 149 00:12:08,360 --> 00:12:12,040 Speaker 1: But more strange is the fact that, despite his family 150 00:12:12,200 --> 00:12:16,480 Speaker 1: having apparently starved to death at about two hundred pounds 151 00:12:16,520 --> 00:12:20,280 Speaker 1: in weight, swift Runner seemed not in the least bit 152 00:12:20,520 --> 00:12:26,000 Speaker 1: malnourished himself. Over the next few days, the priests kept 153 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:31,600 Speaker 1: swift Runner under observation. In the daytime, he acted perfectly normal, 154 00:12:32,280 --> 00:12:35,559 Speaker 1: but at night time the town would be plagued by 155 00:12:35,600 --> 00:12:39,679 Speaker 1: the sound of swift Runner's screams, the result of terrible 156 00:12:39,800 --> 00:12:43,480 Speaker 1: nightmares that often had him waking up in terror and 157 00:12:43,640 --> 00:12:47,880 Speaker 1: gasping for breath. When quizzed by the priests about it, 158 00:12:48,240 --> 00:12:51,440 Speaker 1: he replied simply that he was being tormented by an 159 00:12:51,559 --> 00:12:58,200 Speaker 1: evil spirit called a Wendigo, which wouldn't elaborate any further. Then. 160 00:12:58,360 --> 00:13:01,120 Speaker 1: One day, it was to governed that some of the 161 00:13:01,240 --> 00:13:05,400 Speaker 1: children from the town had gone missing. Swift Runner was 162 00:13:05,440 --> 00:13:09,880 Speaker 1: found soon after attempting to lead them out into the woods. 163 00:13:10,840 --> 00:13:14,720 Speaker 1: Swift Runner was promptly arrested, and, with the priests now 164 00:13:14,800 --> 00:13:18,320 Speaker 1: convinced that he was hiding something, they ordered him to 165 00:13:18,440 --> 00:13:29,240 Speaker 1: lead them to his family's winter camp. Swift Runner was 166 00:13:29,240 --> 00:13:32,480 Speaker 1: reluctant to do it at first. Some say that he 167 00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:36,440 Speaker 1: tried to mislead the police, only cooperating with them after 168 00:13:36,520 --> 00:13:40,000 Speaker 1: they got him drunk. Others that he first led them 169 00:13:40,040 --> 00:13:44,600 Speaker 1: to the wrong place, but eventually the man did lead 170 00:13:44,640 --> 00:13:48,679 Speaker 1: them to where they wanted to go, and soon they 171 00:13:48,800 --> 00:13:52,280 Speaker 1: arrived at a small clearing in the forest, where before 172 00:13:52,320 --> 00:13:56,800 Speaker 1: them was a modest dome shaped dwelling made from tree branches, 173 00:13:57,080 --> 00:14:01,360 Speaker 1: covered with rush matting and topped with the light dusting 174 00:14:01,400 --> 00:14:06,439 Speaker 1: of snow. Lifting the flap to go inside, the police 175 00:14:06,480 --> 00:14:11,160 Speaker 1: were confronted with a scene like hell on Earth. The 176 00:14:11,240 --> 00:14:16,040 Speaker 1: place was littered with scraps of human flesh, hair, and bones. 177 00:14:16,760 --> 00:14:19,760 Speaker 1: Some of the larger ones had been snapped and the 178 00:14:19,840 --> 00:14:23,800 Speaker 1: marrow sucked out of them. It said that they even 179 00:14:23,880 --> 00:14:28,880 Speaker 1: found a pot full of human fat. With nowhere left 180 00:14:28,880 --> 00:14:33,880 Speaker 1: to hide, swift Runner made his terrible confession. The truth 181 00:14:34,120 --> 00:14:37,280 Speaker 1: was they had struggled to find food, but when his 182 00:14:37,400 --> 00:14:42,000 Speaker 1: eldest son had died of starvation, swift Runner's response was 183 00:14:42,040 --> 00:14:47,080 Speaker 1: to murder his remaining family members one by one. Some 184 00:14:47,160 --> 00:14:51,400 Speaker 1: of them he shot, others he bludgeoned with an axe. 185 00:14:52,040 --> 00:14:55,200 Speaker 1: He confessed to strangling one of his daughters with a cord, 186 00:14:55,800 --> 00:14:59,240 Speaker 1: while he fed his eldest son's flesh to another son, 187 00:14:59,720 --> 00:15:05,560 Speaker 1: before killing and eating that boy too. At his trial, 188 00:15:06,120 --> 00:15:10,280 Speaker 1: swift Runner claimed that a Wendigo spirit had somehow possessed him, 189 00:15:10,920 --> 00:15:14,600 Speaker 1: forcing him to carry out the atrocities, but the jury 190 00:15:14,640 --> 00:15:19,520 Speaker 1: didn't believe him. After twenty minutes of deliberation, they found 191 00:15:19,600 --> 00:15:23,040 Speaker 1: him guilty of the multiple murders and he was sentenced 192 00:15:23,080 --> 00:15:28,760 Speaker 1: to death. Swift Runner's execution took place on December twentieth, 193 00:15:28,800 --> 00:15:32,320 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy nine. He was the first man to be 194 00:15:32,480 --> 00:15:37,840 Speaker 1: legally hanged in Alberta. According to some reports, before the 195 00:15:37,920 --> 00:15:42,400 Speaker 1: death sentence was carried out, swift Runner converted to Catholicism 196 00:15:42,760 --> 00:15:46,560 Speaker 1: and admitted his guilt. Moments before the trap door dropped. 197 00:15:47,760 --> 00:15:51,160 Speaker 1: He was said to have expressed extreme remorse, telling his 198 00:15:51,280 --> 00:15:55,880 Speaker 1: confessor father LeDuc, I am the least of men and 199 00:15:55,960 --> 00:16:00,360 Speaker 1: do not merit even being called a man. Quite a 200 00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:06,080 Speaker 1: few spectators arrived to watch swift runners execution. One proclaimed 201 00:16:06,360 --> 00:16:09,360 Speaker 1: that he was thoroughly impressed with the show and that 202 00:16:09,440 --> 00:16:20,040 Speaker 1: it was the prettiest hanging he'd ever seen. The Ani 203 00:16:20,080 --> 00:16:24,880 Speaker 1: Shinabe peoples, especially the Ojibwe and Cree. Like most people, 204 00:16:25,240 --> 00:16:29,240 Speaker 1: were extremely repelled by the idea of cannibalism, and far 205 00:16:29,280 --> 00:16:33,720 Speaker 1: from living the impoverished, mean, hand to mouth existence that 206 00:16:33,880 --> 00:16:37,960 Speaker 1: some white settlers thought they saw. The Anishinabi's lives were 207 00:16:38,040 --> 00:16:42,800 Speaker 1: typically filled with joy, love, and fulfillment. It was only 208 00:16:42,880 --> 00:16:46,600 Speaker 1: during times a great hardship that the Wendigo spirit was 209 00:16:46,640 --> 00:16:51,680 Speaker 1: said to surface. Victims of wendigo possession were said to 210 00:16:51,680 --> 00:16:57,320 Speaker 1: show physical changes, their bodies, reputedly swelling and growing, their 211 00:16:57,360 --> 00:17:01,760 Speaker 1: lips and mouths, also becoming in large lodged. Some spoke 212 00:17:01,840 --> 00:17:05,120 Speaker 1: of being unable to warm their bodies as an icy 213 00:17:05,240 --> 00:17:10,680 Speaker 1: cold gripped their chest. Of the many supposed wendigo possessions 214 00:17:10,720 --> 00:17:14,359 Speaker 1: between the mid eighteen hundreds and the nineteen twenties, there 215 00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:20,040 Speaker 1: were other reports of unofficial wendigo executions, and a Jibwe 216 00:17:20,240 --> 00:17:25,080 Speaker 1: creed chief and shaman called in English Jack Fiddler, known 217 00:17:25,080 --> 00:17:29,040 Speaker 1: for his powers defeating wendigoes, was said to have in 218 00:17:29,080 --> 00:17:35,199 Speaker 1: some cases euthanized people said to be possessed. However, in 219 00:17:35,280 --> 00:17:38,600 Speaker 1: nineteen o seven, the law caught up with Jack Fiddler 220 00:17:38,840 --> 00:17:42,280 Speaker 1: and his brother Joseph when they were arrested by Canadian 221 00:17:42,320 --> 00:17:48,199 Speaker 1: authorities for murder. Jack committed suicide, while Joseph was tried 222 00:17:48,600 --> 00:17:53,040 Speaker 1: and sentenced to life in prison. It was psychologist and 223 00:17:53,160 --> 00:17:57,359 Speaker 1: missionary J. E. Sanden who first made a formal definition 224 00:17:57,480 --> 00:18:00,680 Speaker 1: of what he termed a sickness while he worked among 225 00:18:00,720 --> 00:18:03,760 Speaker 1: the cree of Western James Bay on the southern end 226 00:18:03,760 --> 00:18:07,720 Speaker 1: of Hudson Bay in the early nineteen hundreds. But far 227 00:18:07,760 --> 00:18:11,840 Speaker 1: from resembling the gruesome case of swift Runner, what Sanden 228 00:18:11,880 --> 00:18:17,840 Speaker 1: observed corresponded closely with some Northern Ajibwe accounts of wendigo possession. 229 00:18:18,960 --> 00:18:23,120 Speaker 1: The main symptoms shown by one female victim was that 230 00:18:23,160 --> 00:18:26,760 Speaker 1: she didn't wish to see anyone outside her immediate family, 231 00:18:27,160 --> 00:18:31,840 Speaker 1: because she said strangers looked like wild animals to her, 232 00:18:32,520 --> 00:18:35,160 Speaker 1: an appearance that gave her the urge to kill them 233 00:18:35,400 --> 00:18:40,879 Speaker 1: in self defense. After receiving assurances from Sandon, the women 234 00:18:41,040 --> 00:18:47,600 Speaker 1: did soon apparently recover. Another psychologist, lou Moreno, who conducted 235 00:18:47,640 --> 00:18:51,720 Speaker 1: field studies among the Anish and Arbi, reported two similar 236 00:18:51,760 --> 00:18:57,040 Speaker 1: cases involving married women who had become reclusive, expressing fear 237 00:18:57,119 --> 00:19:02,880 Speaker 1: of all but their closest relatives. In nineteen thirty three, 238 00:19:03,200 --> 00:19:07,719 Speaker 1: priest and anthropologist John M. Cooper published the first so 239 00:19:07,840 --> 00:19:12,200 Speaker 1: called scientific report in which the word psychosis was applied 240 00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:16,960 Speaker 1: to the wendigo phenomenon, based on observations among Cree and 241 00:19:17,160 --> 00:19:22,600 Speaker 1: other Algonquin speaking peoples. He wrote cannibalism was resorted to 242 00:19:23,080 --> 00:19:27,680 Speaker 1: only in cases where actual starvation threatened and people were 243 00:19:27,760 --> 00:19:32,719 Speaker 1: driven to desperation by prolonged famine, after which they often 244 00:19:32,800 --> 00:19:36,800 Speaker 1: suffered from mental breakdown. He went on to say that 245 00:19:36,840 --> 00:19:40,440 Speaker 1: the Cree would sometimes eat the bodies of those who 246 00:19:40,440 --> 00:19:44,440 Speaker 1: had perished, but only rarely kill the living and eat 247 00:19:44,520 --> 00:19:49,160 Speaker 1: their flesh, which, according to him, left as its aftermath 248 00:19:49,600 --> 00:19:54,600 Speaker 1: an unnatural craving for human flesh, or a psychosis that 249 00:19:54,720 --> 00:20:08,560 Speaker 1: took the form of such a craving. In nineteen thirty four, 250 00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:12,760 Speaker 1: Irving Halliwell, a cultural anthropologist known for his work on 251 00:20:12,800 --> 00:20:16,360 Speaker 1: the Ojibwe, claimed to confirm the existence of the wendigo 252 00:20:16,520 --> 00:20:21,800 Speaker 1: psychosis among the Baron's River Salto, a northern Ojibwe group, 253 00:20:23,080 --> 00:20:27,120 Speaker 1: despite its lack of firsthand knowledge. He categorized early physical 254 00:20:27,160 --> 00:20:32,280 Speaker 1: symptoms of the disease as a distaste for ordinary foods, nausea, 255 00:20:32,520 --> 00:20:37,439 Speaker 1: and vomiting. Of the disorder's later stages, he wrote, the 256 00:20:37,520 --> 00:20:42,199 Speaker 1: individual may exhibit a positive desire for human flesh or 257 00:20:42,240 --> 00:20:46,320 Speaker 1: even take steps to satisfy this desire, and the persons 258 00:20:46,359 --> 00:20:51,840 Speaker 1: affected were either killed or they recovered. Babies and even 259 00:20:51,960 --> 00:20:58,800 Speaker 1: dogs became suspected of being afflicted with wendigo psychosis. Also 260 00:20:58,960 --> 00:21:03,760 Speaker 1: in the nineteen thirty the anthropologist Ruth Lands described how 261 00:21:03,760 --> 00:21:07,480 Speaker 1: the infant son of a shaman named Great Mallard Duck 262 00:21:07,880 --> 00:21:11,680 Speaker 1: began eating his fingers, then bit off the nipples off 263 00:21:11,680 --> 00:21:15,679 Speaker 1: his dead mother's breasts during a period of starvation in 264 00:21:15,720 --> 00:21:19,760 Speaker 1: which seven out of sixteen family members died of hunger. 265 00:21:21,200 --> 00:21:25,960 Speaker 1: Lands wrote the baby's eyes were blazing and his teeth rattling, 266 00:21:26,840 --> 00:21:34,520 Speaker 1: his wendigo symptoms indicating fever, privation and neurotic fury. Having 267 00:21:34,560 --> 00:21:38,240 Speaker 1: decided he was turning into a wendigo, the baby boy 268 00:21:38,480 --> 00:21:45,320 Speaker 1: was killed by his grandmother. Interestingly, very different conclusions were 269 00:21:45,359 --> 00:21:49,960 Speaker 1: reached about a group of white Mormon pioneers also caught 270 00:21:50,040 --> 00:21:56,560 Speaker 1: in starvation circumstances drawn by the promise of fertile farmlands 271 00:21:56,600 --> 00:22:01,720 Speaker 1: in central California. In spring eighteen four six, the families 272 00:22:01,760 --> 00:22:07,040 Speaker 1: of George Donna, Jacob Donner, and James Reed left Illinois 273 00:22:07,080 --> 00:22:11,880 Speaker 1: to migrate west. They made good progress as far as 274 00:22:11,960 --> 00:22:16,200 Speaker 1: Fort Laramie in what is now Wyoming, but where most 275 00:22:16,240 --> 00:22:20,760 Speaker 1: wagon trains turned north taking the Oregon Trail. In late 276 00:22:20,840 --> 00:22:25,040 Speaker 1: summer eighteen forty six, the Reeds and Donners chose an 277 00:22:25,040 --> 00:22:29,879 Speaker 1: apparent short cut to California, another path known as the 278 00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:36,159 Speaker 1: Hastings cut Off. It was a disastrous decision. The so 279 00:22:36,320 --> 00:22:41,200 Speaker 1: called Donna Party, consisting of eighty seven people, including fifteen 280 00:22:41,200 --> 00:22:45,960 Speaker 1: women and forty three children, with twenty three ox drawn wagons, 281 00:22:46,440 --> 00:22:49,440 Speaker 1: believed it would shave more than three hundred miles off 282 00:22:49,480 --> 00:22:52,760 Speaker 1: the journey. It was in fact one hundred and twenty 283 00:22:52,800 --> 00:22:57,280 Speaker 1: five miles longer than the established trail, traversing some of 284 00:22:57,320 --> 00:23:01,919 Speaker 1: the most inhospitable country in the West, including the Great 285 00:23:02,160 --> 00:23:07,560 Speaker 1: Salt Lake Desert. Migrants taking the main trail had already 286 00:23:07,640 --> 00:23:11,520 Speaker 1: arrived in California in late September, while the Donner Party, 287 00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:15,600 Speaker 1: having lost dozens of cattle and been forced to abandon 288 00:23:15,720 --> 00:23:19,320 Speaker 1: several wagons along the way, found themselves in a race 289 00:23:19,359 --> 00:23:23,400 Speaker 1: against time to clear the high passes of the Sierra 290 00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:35,480 Speaker 1: Nevada Mountains before it started snowing. Running very low on food, 291 00:23:35,960 --> 00:23:40,119 Speaker 1: the Donner Party and their exhausted animals approached what is 292 00:23:40,200 --> 00:23:45,240 Speaker 1: now called Donna Pass on October thirty first, and found 293 00:23:45,280 --> 00:23:49,880 Speaker 1: it blocked by snow. Building crude cabins by a lake, 294 00:23:50,320 --> 00:23:54,840 Speaker 1: they sat through eight straight days of heavy snowfall. Many 295 00:23:54,880 --> 00:24:00,200 Speaker 1: of the oxen wandered off and were lost. On December fifteenth, 296 00:24:00,280 --> 00:24:05,480 Speaker 1: an employee of the Reed family died of malnutrition. Determined 297 00:24:05,520 --> 00:24:08,920 Speaker 1: not to meet the same fate, the next day, ten 298 00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:11,720 Speaker 1: men and five at the women set out to cross 299 00:24:11,760 --> 00:24:16,640 Speaker 1: the mountains on improvised snow shoes through deep snow with 300 00:24:16,720 --> 00:24:21,360 Speaker 1: inadequate food. Eight of the men died, and in an 301 00:24:21,359 --> 00:24:25,920 Speaker 1: act of terrible desperation, the two surviving men and five 302 00:24:26,040 --> 00:24:32,560 Speaker 1: women cannibalized some of the bodies. Sustained by this, the 303 00:24:32,600 --> 00:24:37,439 Speaker 1: seven survivors finally reached the Sacramento Valley in January of 304 00:24:37,480 --> 00:24:42,639 Speaker 1: eighteen forty seven. They organized a relief party who struggled 305 00:24:42,720 --> 00:24:46,440 Speaker 1: back through the deep snow, reaching the camp at what 306 00:24:46,640 --> 00:24:51,639 Speaker 1: is now called Donna Lake in mid February. Alfter the 307 00:24:51,680 --> 00:24:57,240 Speaker 1: remaining party had died one by one. Those left alive 308 00:24:57,840 --> 00:25:04,600 Speaker 1: had also resorted to canlizing the corpses of the dead. Incredibly, 309 00:25:05,119 --> 00:25:09,120 Speaker 1: survivors of the harrowing journey seemed undeterred by it all. 310 00:25:10,280 --> 00:25:14,360 Speaker 1: Fourteen year old Donna Party member Virginia Reid wrote soon 311 00:25:14,440 --> 00:25:17,240 Speaker 1: after to a cousin in Illinois who was due to 312 00:25:17,240 --> 00:25:22,000 Speaker 1: make the journey herself the following year. After detailing some 313 00:25:22,080 --> 00:25:27,359 Speaker 1: of the events, she finished simply with, Oh, Mary, I 314 00:25:27,400 --> 00:25:29,680 Speaker 1: have not wrote you half the trouble we have had, 315 00:25:30,119 --> 00:25:32,479 Speaker 1: but I have wrote you enough to let you know 316 00:25:32,560 --> 00:25:36,920 Speaker 1: what trouble is. But don't let this letter dishearten anybody. 317 00:25:37,720 --> 00:25:42,040 Speaker 1: Never take no cutoffs, and hurry along as fast as 318 00:25:42,040 --> 00:25:48,040 Speaker 1: you can. Later that year, gold was discovered in California, 319 00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:53,000 Speaker 1: turning the trickle of westbound migrants into a flood. It 320 00:25:53,080 --> 00:25:56,920 Speaker 1: was never suggested that having tasted human flesh, members of 321 00:25:57,000 --> 00:26:03,359 Speaker 1: the Donner Party became permanent slaves to in satiable cannibalistic psychosis, 322 00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:06,480 Speaker 1: and the group were never suspected of now being prone 323 00:26:06,800 --> 00:26:12,280 Speaker 1: to stalking the California gold fields searching for unsuspecting prospectors 324 00:26:12,320 --> 00:26:17,040 Speaker 1: to dine on. By the nineteen eighties, there was a 325 00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:23,000 Speaker 1: hot debate among Western ethnographers, psychologists, and anthropologists as to 326 00:26:23,080 --> 00:26:28,399 Speaker 1: whether wendigo psychosis even existed at all. By the time, 327 00:26:28,520 --> 00:26:34,160 Speaker 1: so called wendigo possessions reached their peak, many Anishanabi had 328 00:26:34,160 --> 00:26:37,480 Speaker 1: been involved in the fur trade for more than two centuries, 329 00:26:38,440 --> 00:26:41,920 Speaker 1: begun as a means of supplementing income in exchange for 330 00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:47,360 Speaker 1: providing European traders with luxury goods. Fur trapping often led 331 00:26:47,440 --> 00:26:52,480 Speaker 1: Native Americans into debt with the trading posts. So many 332 00:26:52,800 --> 00:26:58,320 Speaker 1: newly arrived people indiscriminately hunting so many game animals, especially 333 00:26:58,400 --> 00:27:02,800 Speaker 1: moose and beaver, also depleted vital winter food sources for 334 00:27:02,880 --> 00:27:09,320 Speaker 1: indigenous tribes, contributing to widespread famine. Perhaps, in some ways, 335 00:27:09,920 --> 00:27:13,760 Speaker 1: the wendigo was merely a manifestation of a Native American 336 00:27:13,840 --> 00:27:17,760 Speaker 1: collective fear of what might become of them in their 337 00:27:17,800 --> 00:27:29,439 Speaker 1: newly depleted world. In the nineteen sixties, reports appeared of 338 00:27:29,480 --> 00:27:34,000 Speaker 1: an indigenous woman with a number of strange behavioral problems, 339 00:27:34,160 --> 00:27:39,480 Speaker 1: most especially food hoarding. In the beginning, the woman took 340 00:27:39,520 --> 00:27:42,399 Speaker 1: to carrying around a cooked hot dog in her purse, 341 00:27:42,760 --> 00:27:47,000 Speaker 1: but soon switched to raw hamburger meat. For two years, 342 00:27:47,040 --> 00:27:50,120 Speaker 1: she bought two to five pounds of hamburger a day, 343 00:27:50,760 --> 00:27:55,800 Speaker 1: later increasing her purchases to around sixty pounds per day, 344 00:27:55,840 --> 00:27:58,560 Speaker 1: carrying the meat with her in her car. She had 345 00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:03,320 Speaker 1: trouble parting with it even when it became rotten, just 346 00:28:03,359 --> 00:28:06,679 Speaker 1: as a jeepway hunters had roamed the dark woods for 347 00:28:06,800 --> 00:28:11,159 Speaker 1: centuries in search of prey, so night after night, the 348 00:28:11,240 --> 00:28:14,960 Speaker 1: woman would drive the darkened streets of the city searching 349 00:28:15,040 --> 00:28:19,280 Speaker 1: for open stores where she could buy hamburger meat. She 350 00:28:19,320 --> 00:28:22,960 Speaker 1: did not eat the raw hamburger, although on one occasion, 351 00:28:23,359 --> 00:28:27,520 Speaker 1: while looking at a supermarket's meat display, she reported feeling 352 00:28:27,600 --> 00:28:30,720 Speaker 1: the sudden impulse to bury her face in it and 353 00:28:30,840 --> 00:28:36,600 Speaker 1: devour it all. Two psychiatrists treating the woman concluded that 354 00:28:36,680 --> 00:28:40,520 Speaker 1: she was a symbolic cannibal, and for a while she 355 00:28:40,600 --> 00:28:45,120 Speaker 1: was confined to a psychiatric hospital. There, she switched from 356 00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:48,440 Speaker 1: hoarding hamburger, which she could no longer get her hands on, 357 00:28:49,080 --> 00:28:53,160 Speaker 1: to hoarding bread, and eventually she gave up hoarding food 358 00:28:53,240 --> 00:28:59,080 Speaker 1: altogether and was released. It's not known how many people 359 00:28:59,320 --> 00:29:02,640 Speaker 1: over the last three centuries or more, propelled by a 360 00:29:02,680 --> 00:29:08,680 Speaker 1: mixture of desperation, starvation, cultural and environmental oppression, have been 361 00:29:08,720 --> 00:29:13,080 Speaker 1: convinced that they've seen the Wendigo or succumbed to so 362 00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:18,360 Speaker 1: called Wendigo psychosis, or how many Indigenous people were forced 363 00:29:18,400 --> 00:29:22,920 Speaker 1: to resort to cannibalism during times of extreme privation, or 364 00:29:22,920 --> 00:29:27,240 Speaker 1: were killed for wendigo possession, and while no one has 365 00:29:27,280 --> 00:29:32,240 Speaker 1: ever produced physical evidence that the wendigo really exists. From 366 00:29:32,320 --> 00:29:36,720 Speaker 1: time to time, eerie howls are heard drifting through North 367 00:29:36,760 --> 00:29:42,880 Speaker 1: America's boreal forests. In twenty nineteen, reports of one such 368 00:29:43,040 --> 00:29:48,240 Speaker 1: mysterious howl being heard and recorded in the Canadian wilderness 369 00:29:48,240 --> 00:29:53,840 Speaker 1: emerged online. Genomechus was out hunting grouse with his wife 370 00:29:53,920 --> 00:29:58,640 Speaker 1: and grandson in northwestern Ontario, more than thirty miles from 371 00:29:58,640 --> 00:30:01,960 Speaker 1: the nearest town, when they heard a series of eerie 372 00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:07,040 Speaker 1: screams ringing out from somewhere deep in the forest. An 373 00:30:07,080 --> 00:30:11,320 Speaker 1: experienced an avid hunter from a young age, Mikus said, 374 00:30:11,920 --> 00:30:16,600 Speaker 1: I've heard many different wild animal calls, but nothing like this. 375 00:30:17,640 --> 00:30:21,840 Speaker 1: Initially distant, the howls appeared to be approaching the family. 376 00:30:22,640 --> 00:30:26,320 Speaker 1: We could hear it moving. It sounded kind of heavy, 377 00:30:26,960 --> 00:30:31,640 Speaker 1: Mikus told a local news station. His frightened wife grabbed 378 00:30:31,680 --> 00:30:35,120 Speaker 1: their grandson, and the family retreated as fast as they 379 00:30:35,160 --> 00:30:38,920 Speaker 1: could back to their truck. They never saw the creature 380 00:30:39,120 --> 00:30:42,840 Speaker 1: making the sounds, the recordings of which were passed on 381 00:30:42,960 --> 00:30:46,520 Speaker 1: to a number of government biologists, and none of them 382 00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:55,160 Speaker 1: could identify it. This episode was written by Diane Hope 383 00:30:55,640 --> 00:31:00,160 Speaker 1: and produced by Richard mclan smith. Unexplained as an Abe 384 00:31:00,200 --> 00:31:05,120 Speaker 1: Club Productions podcast created by Richard McClain Smith. All other 385 00:31:05,160 --> 00:31:08,840 Speaker 1: elements of the podcast, including the music, are also produced 386 00:31:08,840 --> 00:31:13,480 Speaker 1: by me Richard McClain smith. Unexplained. The book and audiobook 387 00:31:13,720 --> 00:31:16,640 Speaker 1: with the stories never before featured on the show, is 388 00:31:16,680 --> 00:31:20,640 Speaker 1: now available to buy worldwide. You can purchase from Amazon, 389 00:31:20,920 --> 00:31:25,720 Speaker 1: Barnes and Noble, Waterstones and other bookstores. Please subscribe to 390 00:31:25,880 --> 00:31:29,000 Speaker 1: and rate the show wherever you get your podcasts, and 391 00:31:29,080 --> 00:31:31,360 Speaker 1: feel free to get in touch with any thoughts or 392 00:31:31,400 --> 00:31:35,200 Speaker 1: ideas regarding the stories you've heard on the show. Perhaps 393 00:31:35,240 --> 00:31:37,720 Speaker 1: you have an explanation of your own you'd like to share. 394 00:31:38,360 --> 00:31:41,800 Speaker 1: You can find out more at Unexplained podcast dot com 395 00:31:41,880 --> 00:31:45,560 Speaker 1: and reach us online through Twitter at Unexplained Pod and 396 00:31:45,760 --> 00:31:50,480 Speaker 1: Facebook at Facebook dot com, Forward Slash Unexplained Podcast