1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:04,280 Speaker 1: Welcome to you stuff you should know from house Stuff 2 00:00:04,320 --> 00:00:12,600 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 3 00:00:12,680 --> 00:00:15,560 Speaker 1: Josh Clark, There's Charles W. Chuck Bryant, and Jerry's over 4 00:00:15,600 --> 00:00:19,360 Speaker 1: there making our lives difficult. And uh so that as 5 00:00:19,440 --> 00:00:22,799 Speaker 1: usual means it's time for stuff you should that's right. Yes, 6 00:00:23,200 --> 00:00:27,520 Speaker 1: how are you, my friend? I'm good? Good, yeah, well healthy, 7 00:00:27,840 --> 00:00:30,720 Speaker 1: feel a little tubby, but yeah, oh yeah, I'm okay. 8 00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:34,640 Speaker 1: That just means you've been living, right, that's my motto. 9 00:00:34,760 --> 00:00:38,840 Speaker 1: It's sugar cookies, yeah, which I like. Yeah, you gotta 10 00:00:38,880 --> 00:00:41,720 Speaker 1: have sugar cookies sometimes. So I leave for l A 11 00:00:41,800 --> 00:00:45,760 Speaker 1: in the morning, where the home of the Librarea tart pits. 12 00:00:46,720 --> 00:00:49,640 Speaker 1: I didn't realize that you were doing the intro or 13 00:00:49,680 --> 00:00:53,240 Speaker 1: should I call it Pueblo Dave nuestra senora la de 14 00:00:53,400 --> 00:00:56,920 Speaker 1: los Angeles. I want us, I think. So it's hard 15 00:00:57,000 --> 00:01:00,440 Speaker 1: to hear that los Angeles without thinking it really is. Yeah, 16 00:01:00,680 --> 00:01:03,400 Speaker 1: but yes, that was the original name of Los Angeles, Chuck, 17 00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:06,680 Speaker 1: did you know that before this? Yeah? I did not. Sure. 18 00:01:07,160 --> 00:01:09,400 Speaker 1: That's a mouthful. I can see why everybody just calls 19 00:01:09,440 --> 00:01:13,399 Speaker 1: it Los Angeles. Or if you're really hip l A, yeah, 20 00:01:13,959 --> 00:01:18,480 Speaker 1: or if you're a jackass city of angels. That's like 21 00:01:18,800 --> 00:01:23,160 Speaker 1: people do Hotlanta. Yeah, some people say that you can 22 00:01:23,200 --> 00:01:25,800 Speaker 1: get a magnet still, that says Hota. Yeah, well, no 23 00:01:25,880 --> 00:01:28,960 Speaker 1: one in it or from Atlanta says that. That's a 24 00:01:29,040 --> 00:01:31,800 Speaker 1: total outsider thing. You don't think they make Atlanta magnets 25 00:01:31,840 --> 00:01:34,959 Speaker 1: in Atlanta. Yeah, but they saw him at the airport, 26 00:01:36,680 --> 00:01:41,080 Speaker 1: you know, Atlanta people selling it. That's like saying Nevada 27 00:01:41,200 --> 00:01:44,000 Speaker 1: instead of Nevada. Is that really how it's supposed to 28 00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:48,000 Speaker 1: be pronounced Nevada? Yeah? Man, you don't hear everyone every 29 00:01:48,040 --> 00:01:52,000 Speaker 1: time they don't see those emails from angery Nevadas Nevadians. 30 00:01:52,080 --> 00:01:55,000 Speaker 1: After a while, they just kind of all become a blur. Yeah, 31 00:01:55,160 --> 00:01:56,920 Speaker 1: we get taken the dank for that. And I said, 32 00:01:56,920 --> 00:01:59,720 Speaker 1: you know what, everyone outside Nevada says, Nevada I hate 33 00:01:59,720 --> 00:02:02,400 Speaker 1: to break. Yeah, like everybody. And they say, you know what, 34 00:02:02,520 --> 00:02:05,320 Speaker 1: everyone outside of Atlanta says Hotlanta. I don't think they 35 00:02:05,400 --> 00:02:07,760 Speaker 1: say that. Some people do, but now I don't. I 36 00:02:07,800 --> 00:02:09,400 Speaker 1: don't hold the grudge against you. If you say it, 37 00:02:09,440 --> 00:02:12,519 Speaker 1: I just pretend you aren't there. Okay, you know, you 38 00:02:12,639 --> 00:02:16,880 Speaker 1: just ignore Hot Lanta. Uh So that was my intro. 39 00:02:17,280 --> 00:02:18,640 Speaker 1: That was a good one, man. I think you should 40 00:02:18,639 --> 00:02:21,840 Speaker 1: do one and people should vote. Oh here is mine, Chuck. 41 00:02:22,720 --> 00:02:26,400 Speaker 1: Have you ever been to Los Angeles? You used to 42 00:02:26,480 --> 00:02:29,160 Speaker 1: live there, didn't you. Yeah, and you've been to the 43 00:02:29,360 --> 00:02:31,880 Speaker 1: Break of tar Pits obviously a bunch of times. Surely 44 00:02:31,960 --> 00:02:35,079 Speaker 1: I've been on to you. And I went to LACMA. Yeah, yeah, 45 00:02:35,440 --> 00:02:38,200 Speaker 1: I had no idea. It was like right there, mid 46 00:02:38,280 --> 00:02:41,560 Speaker 1: Wiltshire Miracle Mile. It's like you you walk out the 47 00:02:41,639 --> 00:02:45,320 Speaker 1: back entrance into a Japanese garden at at the Los 48 00:02:45,360 --> 00:02:49,040 Speaker 1: Angeles County Museum of Art BLACKMA, and you just keep 49 00:02:49,120 --> 00:02:51,120 Speaker 1: walking a little further and all of a sudden there's 50 00:02:51,120 --> 00:02:53,400 Speaker 1: a huge masted on and then you go into the 51 00:02:53,520 --> 00:02:57,200 Speaker 1: museum that time forgot it was closed while we were there, 52 00:02:57,280 --> 00:03:00,320 Speaker 1: And I'm really sad, especially after reading this article. The 53 00:03:00,400 --> 00:03:02,560 Speaker 1: page museum is what it's called. Are they Did they 54 00:03:02,639 --> 00:03:05,079 Speaker 1: update it? I think they might have updated it. No, no, no, 55 00:03:05,160 --> 00:03:07,160 Speaker 1: I mean like it was closed for the day. Oh 56 00:03:07,639 --> 00:03:09,239 Speaker 1: like we spent all of our time in Lachmen and 57 00:03:09,280 --> 00:03:12,320 Speaker 1: then came out. It was close for the David mm hmmm. 58 00:03:12,639 --> 00:03:14,320 Speaker 1: I think they may have updated. I think they did 59 00:03:14,440 --> 00:03:16,880 Speaker 1: very recent since I left because when I went in 60 00:03:17,600 --> 00:03:19,840 Speaker 1: when I was living there in late two thousands or 61 00:03:19,919 --> 00:03:25,280 Speaker 1: late nineties, early two thousand's, it was delightfully old. Yeah, 62 00:03:25,320 --> 00:03:27,560 Speaker 1: well it was open in seventy seven. Yeah, it looked 63 00:03:27,600 --> 00:03:32,360 Speaker 1: pretty untouched, mechanical mastodon's inside that we're all like clunky 64 00:03:32,480 --> 00:03:36,000 Speaker 1: and oh no, I'm really we gotta go back. Yeah, 65 00:03:36,040 --> 00:03:38,920 Speaker 1: it's pretty neat the herky jerky masthodon. And they could 66 00:03:38,960 --> 00:03:41,560 Speaker 1: tell they were old. Yeah, not in the ways that 67 00:03:41,640 --> 00:03:46,080 Speaker 1: mastodons are supposed to be old. From the seventies. Yeah. 68 00:03:46,240 --> 00:03:47,760 Speaker 1: So no, I haven't been to the Page Museum, but 69 00:03:47,840 --> 00:03:50,600 Speaker 1: I have been to the tar pits themselves. And tar 70 00:03:50,680 --> 00:03:55,480 Speaker 1: pits actually is a misnomer. Yeah, they're actually they should 71 00:03:55,480 --> 00:04:00,600 Speaker 1: be called asphalt pits or bitumen pits because tar is 72 00:04:00,720 --> 00:04:04,600 Speaker 1: derived from coal and these pits are derived from petroleum. Yeah, 73 00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:08,880 Speaker 1: so that's there's the fact of the podcast. Sadly is 74 00:04:08,920 --> 00:04:11,840 Speaker 1: it is that the fact that the podcast, Yeah, the 75 00:04:12,480 --> 00:04:15,320 Speaker 1: oil crude oil steeps up through fissures in the Earth's 76 00:04:15,360 --> 00:04:18,600 Speaker 1: crust and then some of that evaporates, and that leaves 77 00:04:18,640 --> 00:04:21,920 Speaker 1: behind that tar asphalt asphalt. But let's go back even 78 00:04:21,960 --> 00:04:24,640 Speaker 1: further than that. These tar pits leabre of tar pits, 79 00:04:24,680 --> 00:04:27,200 Speaker 1: which are basically for anybody who hasn't been there, if 80 00:04:27,240 --> 00:04:29,560 Speaker 1: you're walking around the grounds of the tar pits, there's 81 00:04:29,600 --> 00:04:33,200 Speaker 1: just basically black ponds that look like they have oil 82 00:04:33,279 --> 00:04:35,560 Speaker 1: slicks on top of them. Then when you look a 83 00:04:35,560 --> 00:04:38,839 Speaker 1: little close, you're like, oh, it's all oil. Yeah. Every 84 00:04:38,880 --> 00:04:40,480 Speaker 1: once in a while there's a bubble coming up here 85 00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:44,280 Speaker 1: there quite a bit uh and um again there's like 86 00:04:44,320 --> 00:04:49,120 Speaker 1: a huge masted on coming out like a model coming 87 00:04:49,160 --> 00:04:51,800 Speaker 1: out of the out of the one of the pits. 88 00:04:51,880 --> 00:04:55,320 Speaker 1: It's pretty cool, well, not quite coming out, but trying 89 00:04:55,400 --> 00:04:58,039 Speaker 1: to write, he's never gonna come out. You never made 90 00:04:58,080 --> 00:05:00,240 Speaker 1: that played out as a film that he would make 91 00:05:00,279 --> 00:05:02,520 Speaker 1: it out right. Um. And that's the whole reason that 92 00:05:02,600 --> 00:05:06,200 Speaker 1: the tar pits are even um have fences and a 93 00:05:06,680 --> 00:05:10,479 Speaker 1: plastic masted on in the first place. Because many many 94 00:05:10,520 --> 00:05:13,880 Speaker 1: millions of years ago, Los Angeles was underwater. There's a 95 00:05:13,960 --> 00:05:17,640 Speaker 1: lot of aquatic life that lived and died in that area, 96 00:05:18,400 --> 00:05:21,000 Speaker 1: and uh went to the bottom, and over time we're 97 00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:26,680 Speaker 1: compressed into the fossil fuel petroleum fossil fuel. Yes, yeah, 98 00:05:27,080 --> 00:05:30,400 Speaker 1: And then as the ice age came and the waters 99 00:05:30,440 --> 00:05:33,880 Speaker 1: were seated and were locked into glaciers up north um 100 00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:37,240 Speaker 1: that land became drier and as a result, like you said, 101 00:05:37,680 --> 00:05:40,440 Speaker 1: that bit Chaman started coming up through fissures in the 102 00:05:40,520 --> 00:05:44,160 Speaker 1: ground and has been ever since. Those are the Librea 103 00:05:44,200 --> 00:05:47,560 Speaker 1: tar pits. That's right, and uh in those pits, we're 104 00:05:47,600 --> 00:05:52,240 Speaker 1: talking about the Pleistocene epoch, which is about two point 105 00:05:52,279 --> 00:05:56,040 Speaker 1: six million to eleven thousand, seven hundred years ago. And 106 00:05:56,120 --> 00:06:00,360 Speaker 1: the neat thing is is except for a handful, well 107 00:06:00,480 --> 00:06:02,400 Speaker 1: more than a handful, except for some of these huge 108 00:06:02,480 --> 00:06:04,960 Speaker 1: land mammals that they found, a lot of the animals 109 00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:08,120 Speaker 1: are the same as they are now. And this was 110 00:06:08,200 --> 00:06:12,440 Speaker 1: the last time we had major climate cooling, So studying 111 00:06:12,480 --> 00:06:15,680 Speaker 1: these fossils can like, we can learn more about our 112 00:06:15,720 --> 00:06:19,080 Speaker 1: climate from studying these things than I don't know what 113 00:06:20,440 --> 00:06:22,560 Speaker 1: I was halfway those sentence was like, wait a minute, 114 00:06:22,600 --> 00:06:24,520 Speaker 1: I don't know what part two is, but yeah, I 115 00:06:24,520 --> 00:06:26,400 Speaker 1: think you made the point. Yeah, but that's how they 116 00:06:26,560 --> 00:06:29,080 Speaker 1: You know, you can learn a lot from uh future 117 00:06:29,080 --> 00:06:31,680 Speaker 1: climates by studying past climates, right exactly, And that's one 118 00:06:31,720 --> 00:06:33,880 Speaker 1: of the things that they're doing now. There's kind of 119 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:37,040 Speaker 1: a second wind that's going on the Libreo tar pits. 120 00:06:37,120 --> 00:06:39,840 Speaker 1: The first win came about what we should say, Um, 121 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:43,520 Speaker 1: Since the LaBrea tar pits made their first debut about 122 00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:47,520 Speaker 1: forty tho years ago, it's been they've been successfully trapping 123 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:50,840 Speaker 1: animals of all sorts and not just animals of plant 124 00:06:50,920 --> 00:06:53,920 Speaker 1: life too. Yea mostly carnivores though, yes, And there's a 125 00:06:54,040 --> 00:06:56,960 Speaker 1: reason that there's mostly carnivores. They figured it out because 126 00:06:57,200 --> 00:07:02,560 Speaker 1: there is a disproportionate amount of carnivores in the Librea 127 00:07:02,640 --> 00:07:07,320 Speaker 1: tar pits. Yeah, which is way more than there were 128 00:07:07,600 --> 00:07:14,480 Speaker 1: carnivores proportionately speaking during the Pleistocene epoch, specifically this last 129 00:07:15,280 --> 00:07:19,360 Speaker 1: year era. Um. And they they think they haven't figured 130 00:07:19,400 --> 00:07:24,640 Speaker 1: out why. Well, it makes total sense. Animal gets stuck 131 00:07:24,680 --> 00:07:27,440 Speaker 1: in tarpit, bigger animal comes along and wants to eat 132 00:07:27,480 --> 00:07:30,560 Speaker 1: that animal, it gets stuck in tarpit, and maybe even 133 00:07:30,600 --> 00:07:32,440 Speaker 1: a bigger animal wants to eat both of those it 134 00:07:32,520 --> 00:07:34,800 Speaker 1: gets stuck in tarpit. Yeah. Well, plus also a lot 135 00:07:34,880 --> 00:07:38,080 Speaker 1: of carnivores hunting packs. So if they're like, well, this 136 00:07:38,720 --> 00:07:41,800 Speaker 1: stupid mastodon can't get out of this black pond, I'm 137 00:07:41,840 --> 00:07:44,280 Speaker 1: going in after him. Let's all go in after him. 138 00:07:44,520 --> 00:07:48,640 Speaker 1: Everybody gets stuck pretty much it. Yeah, that's why there's 139 00:07:48,680 --> 00:07:52,000 Speaker 1: more carnivores. That's why they're just proportionately represented. Yeah, it's 140 00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:55,360 Speaker 1: actually I said he talking about the mastodon outside the 141 00:07:55,400 --> 00:07:59,120 Speaker 1: fake one. I believe it's if I remember correctly, a mama. 142 00:07:59,400 --> 00:08:01,800 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, there's babies, and there's babies like on the 143 00:08:01,880 --> 00:08:04,320 Speaker 1: shore and the mama is trapped and it's really kind 144 00:08:04,360 --> 00:08:07,120 Speaker 1: of sad, is what they picked there. But I guess 145 00:08:07,160 --> 00:08:10,280 Speaker 1: that was the realism of the place to see an 146 00:08:10,320 --> 00:08:13,640 Speaker 1: epoch these mommy goes hunting and doesn't come back. It's right, 147 00:08:13,680 --> 00:08:17,200 Speaker 1: it's like, yeah, and you can. I think I've told 148 00:08:17,240 --> 00:08:19,000 Speaker 1: this story before. I was shooting there once on a 149 00:08:19,040 --> 00:08:22,840 Speaker 1: TV commercial and I was far away from the uh 150 00:08:23,240 --> 00:08:26,120 Speaker 1: the large pools, and I was standing there and I 151 00:08:26,240 --> 00:08:29,240 Speaker 1: looked down and there was a little two foot diameter 152 00:08:29,400 --> 00:08:32,680 Speaker 1: pool of tar right by my feet. Yeah, I mean, 153 00:08:32,840 --> 00:08:34,679 Speaker 1: they're not all walled up and fenced off, and it 154 00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:37,640 Speaker 1: was bubbling. Uh you know what that is, by the way, 155 00:08:38,360 --> 00:08:41,240 Speaker 1: the it's methane, I guess, yeah, from bacteria they found out. 156 00:08:42,160 --> 00:08:44,439 Speaker 1: So that was only like five or six years ago 157 00:08:44,559 --> 00:08:46,719 Speaker 1: that they've learned that. And they discovered like two d 158 00:08:46,840 --> 00:08:50,200 Speaker 1: new kinds of bacteria that's neat petroleum loving bacteria. Yeah, 159 00:08:50,320 --> 00:08:53,040 Speaker 1: that's great, and that it's still burping even in these 160 00:08:53,080 --> 00:08:56,559 Speaker 1: tiny little puddles. Yeah, and they're the even the big 161 00:08:56,600 --> 00:08:59,280 Speaker 1: puddles are only about twelve ft deep. Yeah. It's just 162 00:08:59,360 --> 00:09:06,480 Speaker 1: like meat or something like that for our non Liberian friends. Yeah. Yeah, so, um, 163 00:09:07,160 --> 00:09:09,640 Speaker 1: the tar pits have been just trapping animals, like you said, 164 00:09:09,679 --> 00:09:11,880 Speaker 1: even there's lots of recent animals in it. They found. 165 00:09:11,960 --> 00:09:16,800 Speaker 1: They still find cattle bones. Rodney Dangerfield, Yeah, he was 166 00:09:16,840 --> 00:09:20,160 Speaker 1: found in there. Apparently there was a Los Angeles um 167 00:09:20,520 --> 00:09:24,480 Speaker 1: Police Department scuba diver that dove into the pits to 168 00:09:24,640 --> 00:09:29,280 Speaker 1: retrieve evidence for cold murder case and was successful apparently. 169 00:09:29,760 --> 00:09:32,240 Speaker 1: But he said, like I've dived all over the place 170 00:09:32,280 --> 00:09:34,400 Speaker 1: looking for evidence. He said, that was the craziest dive 171 00:09:34,440 --> 00:09:41,400 Speaker 1: I've ever made. He's scuba dived in the tar pit. Wow. Yeah. 172 00:09:41,800 --> 00:09:46,080 Speaker 1: And the article I read wasn't really um big on detail. 173 00:09:46,280 --> 00:09:48,199 Speaker 1: They wouldn't even say what evidence he was looking for. 174 00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:51,839 Speaker 1: It must be less dense as you go, because the 175 00:09:51,920 --> 00:09:53,719 Speaker 1: tar that I've seen it's like, I mean, it's like 176 00:09:53,840 --> 00:09:56,520 Speaker 1: road tards, so thick. I don't see how you can move. 177 00:09:56,559 --> 00:09:58,439 Speaker 1: I would think scuba diver gets trapped. I think it's 178 00:09:58,440 --> 00:10:00,760 Speaker 1: probably more dense towards the bottom, and if you're a 179 00:10:00,840 --> 00:10:04,040 Speaker 1: masted on, you're like, it's probably quick sandy, and this 180 00:10:04,120 --> 00:10:06,280 Speaker 1: guy was probably avoiding the bottom. Plus I'm sure there 181 00:10:06,320 --> 00:10:09,160 Speaker 1: are a lot of people like pulling him out. Yeah. 182 00:10:09,160 --> 00:10:11,880 Speaker 1: I think that bad Roblow movie they he did a 183 00:10:12,040 --> 00:10:14,880 Speaker 1: buried body in there. Yeah, I mean it's what was 184 00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:18,920 Speaker 1: what was that bad that influence bad influence bad behavior, 185 00:10:19,160 --> 00:10:24,439 Speaker 1: familiar bad something bad movie that's probably pretty bad. This 186 00:10:24,520 --> 00:10:27,520 Speaker 1: is before Rob Blow had his comeback. This is the 187 00:10:27,600 --> 00:10:30,280 Speaker 1: post sex stape years. Oh yeah, when he was just 188 00:10:30,520 --> 00:10:32,800 Speaker 1: trying to hang in there, trying to hang in there. Yeah, 189 00:10:33,080 --> 00:10:35,480 Speaker 1: we don't make it back row Blow. But they got 190 00:10:35,520 --> 00:10:37,840 Speaker 1: all kinds of like sabre tooth tigers and dire wolves 191 00:10:37,880 --> 00:10:43,199 Speaker 1: and like original original native horses to North America that 192 00:10:43,280 --> 00:10:46,920 Speaker 1: don't exist anymore. There used to be horses here. There 193 00:10:46,960 --> 00:10:48,840 Speaker 1: used to be camels, and they're not like the European 194 00:10:48,880 --> 00:10:51,679 Speaker 1: horses that everyone thinks their horses here. You're focusing on 195 00:10:51,840 --> 00:10:54,199 Speaker 1: the horses. There used to be camels here, I know. 196 00:10:54,880 --> 00:10:57,000 Speaker 1: And like you said, sabre tooth tigers they found about 197 00:10:57,040 --> 00:11:00,520 Speaker 1: um four thousand of those. The higher wolf they found 198 00:11:00,520 --> 00:11:04,640 Speaker 1: about two thousand dire wolves so far. Um and then uh, 199 00:11:05,040 --> 00:11:08,959 Speaker 1: they also found something called the American lion. This thing 200 00:11:09,320 --> 00:11:13,880 Speaker 1: was the coolest animal in North America ever. Right. They 201 00:11:13,960 --> 00:11:19,040 Speaker 1: got up to eight ft long four ft at the haunches. Um. 202 00:11:19,200 --> 00:11:22,679 Speaker 1: They weighed something like up to seven seventy five pounds, 203 00:11:22,679 --> 00:11:26,240 Speaker 1: which is three These are giant mantals. They were about 204 00:11:27,160 --> 00:11:30,720 Speaker 1: larger than an African lion. They were huge. If they 205 00:11:30,960 --> 00:11:34,160 Speaker 1: wanted you dead, you were dead. Not like these lions 206 00:11:34,200 --> 00:11:39,640 Speaker 1: these days. They're lazy. This American lion would have just 207 00:11:39,840 --> 00:11:42,559 Speaker 1: taken your head clean off and burt. All sorts of 208 00:11:43,679 --> 00:11:50,040 Speaker 1: flightless predator or flightless flying predators in the sky. Yeah, um, 209 00:11:50,640 --> 00:11:54,320 Speaker 1: they're in apparently. So far they found six hundred sixty species, 210 00:11:54,679 --> 00:11:57,800 Speaker 1: fifty nine mammal species, a hundred and thirty five bird species, 211 00:11:58,240 --> 00:12:01,839 Speaker 1: tons of everything from like mall asks to um. The 212 00:12:01,960 --> 00:12:05,120 Speaker 1: new bacteria you're talking about, the libre tarpets have been 213 00:12:05,880 --> 00:12:10,040 Speaker 1: so vital and providing a picture of um, the of 214 00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:14,760 Speaker 1: life during the late Paleozoic that the error the time 215 00:12:14,840 --> 00:12:18,480 Speaker 1: period from three hundred thousand years ago to the end 216 00:12:18,520 --> 00:12:22,040 Speaker 1: of the UM not Paleozoic. Did I say that, I 217 00:12:22,160 --> 00:12:26,319 Speaker 1: meant Pleistocene. So the three hundred thousand years to the 218 00:12:26,520 --> 00:12:30,120 Speaker 1: end of the Pleistocene is called the Rancho Lebray in 219 00:12:30,320 --> 00:12:33,719 Speaker 1: all one word land mammal age. They renamed it for 220 00:12:33,800 --> 00:12:36,760 Speaker 1: all this activity. Right. Yeah, like that's how important these 221 00:12:36,800 --> 00:12:39,719 Speaker 1: little pits of bitumen are. And we'll talk about how 222 00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:46,600 Speaker 1: all of this was discovered in just a moment. So chuck, 223 00:12:47,280 --> 00:12:52,080 Speaker 1: if this, if these are basically pools of bubbling crude, 224 00:12:53,160 --> 00:12:57,720 Speaker 1: sticky asphalt, how did a bone ever get pulled out 225 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:02,000 Speaker 1: of it? Well, because of progress, my friend, and the 226 00:13:02,080 --> 00:13:05,800 Speaker 1: fact that Los Angeles was not going to uh sorry, 227 00:13:05,840 --> 00:13:12,920 Speaker 1: Pueblo de Arienna de Los Angeles. Um, it was bound 228 00:13:13,000 --> 00:13:16,079 Speaker 1: to be developed because of the weather there and the 229 00:13:16,120 --> 00:13:20,520 Speaker 1: beautiful Pacific coast and um, so progress people came along 230 00:13:20,679 --> 00:13:24,600 Speaker 1: and started making a city there, and uh, it's such 231 00:13:24,640 --> 00:13:29,040 Speaker 1: a volatile area. They realized, hey, this is you know, 232 00:13:29,280 --> 00:13:32,000 Speaker 1: this is dangerous this area right here until let's start 233 00:13:32,080 --> 00:13:34,559 Speaker 1: drilling for oil. Yeah. And it was I think the 234 00:13:34,679 --> 00:13:38,160 Speaker 1: Hancock family, Yeah, of Hancock Park fame, which is right 235 00:13:38,200 --> 00:13:43,480 Speaker 1: there as well. I'm more McArthur Park person. Yeah. Wow, 236 00:13:43,880 --> 00:13:46,160 Speaker 1: it's a good song. Okay, I thought you met you 237 00:13:46,280 --> 00:13:50,240 Speaker 1: just like scoring cheap drugs and literally someone leaving a 238 00:13:50,360 --> 00:13:52,640 Speaker 1: cake out in the rain. Yeah. MacArthur Parks not the 239 00:13:52,679 --> 00:13:55,120 Speaker 1: greatest area, no, but it's a it was a good, 240 00:13:55,520 --> 00:13:59,640 Speaker 1: good song. Yeah. But Hancock Park boy, is that nice? Well? Sure, yeah, 241 00:14:00,120 --> 00:14:02,319 Speaker 1: I say that like it should be obvious, but I 242 00:14:02,520 --> 00:14:05,880 Speaker 1: don't know where. Yeah, it is nice. Okay, so we're 243 00:14:05,920 --> 00:14:08,800 Speaker 1: talking about progress. Yes, the Hancock family in eighteen seventy 244 00:14:08,880 --> 00:14:12,920 Speaker 1: started drilling for oil and they basically the pits have 245 00:14:13,040 --> 00:14:17,760 Speaker 1: been used um since by Paleo Indians for things like 246 00:14:18,000 --> 00:14:21,720 Speaker 1: um waterproofing canoes and stuff that stuff. You want to 247 00:14:21,760 --> 00:14:23,800 Speaker 1: patch a hole in a canoe, Sure, you can do 248 00:14:23,840 --> 00:14:26,760 Speaker 1: a lot worse than asphalt. Yeah, because before that was 249 00:14:26,880 --> 00:14:30,720 Speaker 1: before what's that like a new miracle tape that they make. 250 00:14:31,720 --> 00:14:33,400 Speaker 1: It's like one of those products you see on TV 251 00:14:33,640 --> 00:14:35,640 Speaker 1: type things. The only one I'm familiar with is that 252 00:14:35,840 --> 00:14:39,160 Speaker 1: spray that the guy on the clear PLEXI class boat 253 00:14:39,480 --> 00:14:42,360 Speaker 1: to holes drilled in. Yeah, this get stuff. But we 254 00:14:42,400 --> 00:14:45,240 Speaker 1: don't buzz market here, no, because we don't remember the 255 00:14:45,320 --> 00:14:49,360 Speaker 1: names of anything. That's true. But back then, this tar man, 256 00:14:49,400 --> 00:14:52,320 Speaker 1: I mean that was like that was magic to the 257 00:14:52,440 --> 00:14:54,320 Speaker 1: to the Native America and it's just sitting there just 258 00:14:54,400 --> 00:14:57,480 Speaker 1: don't get too close. And then when the Spaniards came 259 00:14:57,520 --> 00:15:01,880 Speaker 1: in and started using that area for cattle rustling. Uh, 260 00:15:02,280 --> 00:15:05,720 Speaker 1: they used it also for waterproofing for their roofs. They 261 00:15:05,760 --> 00:15:09,240 Speaker 1: also used it as fuel. Um. And then once the 262 00:15:09,280 --> 00:15:12,160 Speaker 1: Hancock family started digging for oil, they kind of left 263 00:15:12,200 --> 00:15:15,880 Speaker 1: the tar pits alone. But um, as far back as 264 00:15:16,120 --> 00:15:20,160 Speaker 1: eighteen seventy five, a guy named William Denton was the 265 00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:22,600 Speaker 1: first person to describe a fossil. Take him from the 266 00:15:22,760 --> 00:15:26,200 Speaker 1: bray of tarpet. Somebody gave him a saber tooth, tiger tooth, 267 00:15:27,280 --> 00:15:30,720 Speaker 1: canine tooth and then inspired him. It did, and so 268 00:15:31,320 --> 00:15:36,480 Speaker 1: UM the Nascent Natural History Museum from Los Angeles contacted 269 00:15:36,520 --> 00:15:38,720 Speaker 1: the Hancock family and said, hey, why don't you let 270 00:15:38,800 --> 00:15:42,360 Speaker 1: us start tooling around there? And they let them starting 271 00:15:42,400 --> 00:15:47,240 Speaker 1: in nineteen o one. Uh, they were allowed to basically 272 00:15:47,600 --> 00:15:52,760 Speaker 1: do some kind of random, small, misguided excavation. Yeah, they 273 00:15:52,800 --> 00:15:55,440 Speaker 1: were only concerned about the big daddy bones. Well, that 274 00:15:55,640 --> 00:15:58,680 Speaker 1: came in the thirties. In the thirties when they started 275 00:15:58,800 --> 00:16:01,760 Speaker 1: like really digging the pit a thought. Nineteen thirteen is 276 00:16:01,840 --> 00:16:05,200 Speaker 1: when they started their first full scale You're right, I'm sorry. 277 00:16:05,880 --> 00:16:08,840 Speaker 1: They also did in the thirties too, well, from nineteen 278 00:16:08,840 --> 00:16:12,120 Speaker 1: thirteen till now, right, Okay, So in nineteen thirteen they 279 00:16:12,120 --> 00:16:15,320 Speaker 1: started digging pits around the Librea tar pits further pits, 280 00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:18,280 Speaker 1: uh nine six of them in total. Yeah, they had 281 00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:20,360 Speaker 1: to dig down to these. They weren't just big natural 282 00:16:20,520 --> 00:16:22,440 Speaker 1: pools of black tark, because people would have seen that 283 00:16:22,520 --> 00:16:25,200 Speaker 1: previously and be like, hey, what's up with all that stuff? Right, 284 00:16:25,680 --> 00:16:29,760 Speaker 1: So they would dig down UM remove all of the bones, 285 00:16:30,160 --> 00:16:31,960 Speaker 1: and like you said, they were really only interested in 286 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:35,040 Speaker 1: the big ones, so they kind of discarded and left 287 00:16:35,080 --> 00:16:38,600 Speaker 1: alone a lot of the bird bones and plant fossils 288 00:16:38,680 --> 00:16:41,080 Speaker 1: and all that stuff that's boring. And the other thing 289 00:16:41,160 --> 00:16:45,320 Speaker 1: they didn't do was catalog the bones together, so they 290 00:16:45,360 --> 00:16:47,480 Speaker 1: basically just threw them all into piles. And there's a 291 00:16:47,520 --> 00:16:51,320 Speaker 1: picture on the Page Museum's website of UM one of 292 00:16:51,360 --> 00:16:57,640 Speaker 1: the early lead excavators just surrounded by like boxes and 293 00:16:57,800 --> 00:17:00,160 Speaker 1: boxes of bones. I'm sure they were like, what do 294 00:17:00,240 --> 00:17:02,320 Speaker 1: we do with all this stuff? Yeah, they found something 295 00:17:02,440 --> 00:17:04,919 Speaker 1: like a million or so a million and a half bones, 296 00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:07,480 Speaker 1: I think. Yeah, they dug ninety six pits in total, 297 00:17:07,800 --> 00:17:12,200 Speaker 1: and uh, well, we'll talk about the new progress. But 298 00:17:12,440 --> 00:17:16,639 Speaker 1: before the new progress. They had close to four million fossils, 299 00:17:17,520 --> 00:17:19,119 Speaker 1: and that sounds like a lot, but they said you 300 00:17:19,200 --> 00:17:21,320 Speaker 1: only have to get like once every ten year or 301 00:17:21,400 --> 00:17:23,439 Speaker 1: some big animals. Well yeah, that was another thing too. 302 00:17:23,480 --> 00:17:25,960 Speaker 1: They're like, well, that doesn't make any sense. In forty 303 00:17:26,040 --> 00:17:30,280 Speaker 1: thousand years, how could you have you know, four million bones? 304 00:17:31,840 --> 00:17:33,480 Speaker 1: When they were saying, well, yeah, if you do the math, 305 00:17:33,920 --> 00:17:38,240 Speaker 1: I think if you have thirty or ten animals stranded 306 00:17:38,320 --> 00:17:40,879 Speaker 1: every decade, it would account for it. Yeah, surprise, it 307 00:17:40,880 --> 00:17:43,040 Speaker 1: would more than that. Yeah, you know, because I mean 308 00:17:43,080 --> 00:17:46,040 Speaker 1: animals wander into tar pits. Yeah, they might also get 309 00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:49,639 Speaker 1: smart and avoid tar pits when when they see their 310 00:17:49,680 --> 00:17:51,320 Speaker 1: mommy go in and not coming out. I guess so, 311 00:17:51,640 --> 00:17:54,480 Speaker 1: you know, because those little baby mastodonce didn't look like 312 00:17:54,520 --> 00:17:56,640 Speaker 1: they were going in. After they were out of there, 313 00:17:56,960 --> 00:18:00,359 Speaker 1: they went to the beach, they went to maccarth apart. 314 00:18:01,200 --> 00:18:05,960 Speaker 1: Score that's right, all right? So I said they dug 315 00:18:06,040 --> 00:18:09,399 Speaker 1: ninety six pits. Not all of them bore fruit. Uh, 316 00:18:09,840 --> 00:18:12,960 Speaker 1: quite a few of them did. And pitt number was 317 00:18:13,200 --> 00:18:17,240 Speaker 1: ninety one was noted for the bounty of fossils. It 318 00:18:17,359 --> 00:18:20,800 Speaker 1: provided it's always the fifth to last one. That isn't 319 00:18:20,800 --> 00:18:23,160 Speaker 1: that the same it's always the fifth to the last, 320 00:18:23,840 --> 00:18:26,960 Speaker 1: and they for about forty years they really concentrated on 321 00:18:27,080 --> 00:18:29,960 Speaker 1: Pitt ninety one. I don't think they're digging there and 322 00:18:30,200 --> 00:18:32,359 Speaker 1: right now, although they may have started again, and I 323 00:18:32,400 --> 00:18:35,520 Speaker 1: think they're hot and heavy on Project Well, should we 324 00:18:35,560 --> 00:18:37,879 Speaker 1: go ahead and go to Project three. We'll get to 325 00:18:37,920 --> 00:18:39,879 Speaker 1: Project twenty three in a second. Let's do a message 326 00:18:39,880 --> 00:18:59,480 Speaker 1: break real quick. Okay, okay, So let's talk about Project Yeah. 327 00:18:59,520 --> 00:19:02,400 Speaker 1: I think probably JE twenty three started in two thousand six, 328 00:19:02,600 --> 00:19:08,000 Speaker 1: and that was basically a plan to continue digging and 329 00:19:08,160 --> 00:19:12,359 Speaker 1: find more fossils and take better care with the small guys, 330 00:19:12,800 --> 00:19:15,320 Speaker 1: to get a more complete fossil record. And they call 331 00:19:15,359 --> 00:19:17,840 Speaker 1: it twenty three because they did a well, this whole 332 00:19:17,840 --> 00:19:20,280 Speaker 1: thing started because LACMA wanted to build a parking garage 333 00:19:20,320 --> 00:19:22,919 Speaker 1: and underground parking garage, yeah, which you can't do unless 334 00:19:23,040 --> 00:19:25,359 Speaker 1: you know, around that area because so volatile, without getting 335 00:19:25,400 --> 00:19:29,240 Speaker 1: some help from archaeologists. And so they ended up digging 336 00:19:29,680 --> 00:19:35,080 Speaker 1: twenty three just big chunks of land essentially in these crates. 337 00:19:35,480 --> 00:19:37,680 Speaker 1: Have you ever seen you know, if you buy a 338 00:19:37,800 --> 00:19:40,680 Speaker 1: fully grown tree from a nursery, it comes in a 339 00:19:40,960 --> 00:19:44,439 Speaker 1: huge box. Huge wooden plants or have never seen him 340 00:19:44,480 --> 00:19:47,160 Speaker 1: like that. That's what they used. Yeah. Well, and much 341 00:19:47,280 --> 00:19:49,560 Speaker 1: larger even, and some of them capable of like close 342 00:19:49,600 --> 00:19:53,600 Speaker 1: to sixty tons of soil and tar and bones or 343 00:19:53,640 --> 00:19:55,880 Speaker 1: whatever else is in there. And that's why they called 344 00:19:55,880 --> 00:19:58,480 Speaker 1: the project because there's twenty three of them and this 345 00:19:58,680 --> 00:20:01,760 Speaker 1: was two dozen six of their You, much more sophisticated 346 00:20:01,800 --> 00:20:04,840 Speaker 1: techniques than they were using even in the sixties. Um, 347 00:20:05,119 --> 00:20:10,800 Speaker 1: when they were really hitting pit one hard. Um that 348 00:20:10,880 --> 00:20:15,160 Speaker 1: sounded so stupid, Please forgive me everyone, But they're using 349 00:20:15,200 --> 00:20:19,760 Speaker 1: sophisticated techniques. And they they had the um luxury of 350 00:20:19,880 --> 00:20:23,280 Speaker 1: coming at these deposits from the side or from underneath, 351 00:20:24,080 --> 00:20:26,639 Speaker 1: rather than having to go down through the tar pits 352 00:20:26,720 --> 00:20:30,080 Speaker 1: from above. Um. So they really scored a lot of 353 00:20:30,359 --> 00:20:34,199 Speaker 1: like just a trove of deposits of bones, including um, 354 00:20:34,880 --> 00:20:39,520 Speaker 1: a wooly mammoth named zed them. Yeah, it was a 355 00:20:39,640 --> 00:20:43,800 Speaker 1: Columbian wooly mammoth. It was the most intact skeleton ever 356 00:20:43,960 --> 00:20:46,879 Speaker 1: found of a Columbian wooly mammoth. Yeah, and the wooly 357 00:20:46,920 --> 00:20:50,520 Speaker 1: mammoth you see um reconstructed at the Page Museum. Or 358 00:20:50,960 --> 00:20:52,639 Speaker 1: they were, like you said, they used to just put 359 00:20:52,680 --> 00:20:55,879 Speaker 1: all the bones together so those were bones made up 360 00:20:55,920 --> 00:20:59,240 Speaker 1: of all kinds of wooly mammothz is all zed or 361 00:20:59,320 --> 00:21:01,120 Speaker 1: eight percent of them is all dead. And they name 362 00:21:01,160 --> 00:21:05,000 Speaker 1: him Zed in honor of zero, the British way of 363 00:21:05,080 --> 00:21:09,080 Speaker 1: saying zero um. And the reason they named him zero 364 00:21:09,200 --> 00:21:12,639 Speaker 1: is because he represents basically like a new start and 365 00:21:12,880 --> 00:21:17,760 Speaker 1: understanding of not only that um, that species, but all 366 00:21:17,840 --> 00:21:23,359 Speaker 1: of the life around that era. Patient zero pretty much. Uh. 367 00:21:23,400 --> 00:21:26,080 Speaker 1: And the cool thing is, I mean, I like all 368 00:21:26,119 --> 00:21:28,159 Speaker 1: the campiness of the Page Museum, but one of the 369 00:21:28,320 --> 00:21:30,879 Speaker 1: really neat parts about it is they have what they 370 00:21:30,920 --> 00:21:33,440 Speaker 1: call the fish bowl. They have a the room where 371 00:21:33,440 --> 00:21:37,359 Speaker 1: they're doing this work is all glass, and you can 372 00:21:37,400 --> 00:21:40,360 Speaker 1: walk through and see all the skeletons that they put 373 00:21:40,400 --> 00:21:43,840 Speaker 1: together and all the funny old dated uh, holy mammoths 374 00:21:43,880 --> 00:21:47,320 Speaker 1: that are going. Yeah, you can pound on the glass 375 00:21:47,359 --> 00:21:50,320 Speaker 1: and go nerds scientists, we can do that. At the 376 00:21:50,400 --> 00:21:52,159 Speaker 1: very end of it, you can uh that they're in 377 00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:56,399 Speaker 1: they're brushing, and they have microscopes and all sorts of 378 00:21:57,400 --> 00:22:00,520 Speaker 1: neat little tools that scientists here. You want to wait 379 00:22:00,520 --> 00:22:02,040 Speaker 1: to the end anyway, so you can run off right 380 00:22:02,080 --> 00:22:05,679 Speaker 1: after you say that, and they're recording all this stuff 381 00:22:05,760 --> 00:22:09,399 Speaker 1: it's very detailed. Um, they're they're what they're doing is 382 00:22:09,440 --> 00:22:11,280 Speaker 1: they're getting a fossil record from that time like they 383 00:22:11,320 --> 00:22:16,160 Speaker 1: didn't have before because they were lazy in the nineteen on, right. 384 00:22:16,520 --> 00:22:18,440 Speaker 1: So one of the reasons why they're looking for this 385 00:22:18,560 --> 00:22:22,560 Speaker 1: fossil records because this is a particularly curious time period 386 00:22:22,640 --> 00:22:28,240 Speaker 1: that the Librea tar pits encapsulated. Literally, Um, they're humans 387 00:22:28,280 --> 00:22:33,200 Speaker 1: evolved the and well that's remember with the the early Americans. 388 00:22:33,600 --> 00:22:36,880 Speaker 1: The debate over that this is around that time, Um, 389 00:22:37,040 --> 00:22:42,000 Speaker 1: there was something called the late Pleistocene extinction. Um, there 390 00:22:42,080 --> 00:22:45,120 Speaker 1: were a lot You'll notice a lot of animals, large 391 00:22:45,160 --> 00:22:48,520 Speaker 1: animals that used to be in North America that aren't 392 00:22:48,520 --> 00:22:53,119 Speaker 1: any longer. There's no camels, there's no indigenous American horse 393 00:22:53,160 --> 00:22:56,840 Speaker 1: any longer, there's no American lion, and all of these animals, 394 00:22:56,920 --> 00:22:59,760 Speaker 1: these what are called megafauna, started dying off at about 395 00:22:59,840 --> 00:23:03,160 Speaker 1: the same time in North America, and scientists aren't really 396 00:23:03,240 --> 00:23:05,760 Speaker 1: sure why. And I think that's one of the reasons 397 00:23:05,800 --> 00:23:08,359 Speaker 1: they're so excited about zed is they're hoping he can 398 00:23:08,440 --> 00:23:14,480 Speaker 1: kind of tell them. There's three competing or um combination 399 00:23:15,640 --> 00:23:20,360 Speaker 1: hypotheses for what caused this extinction. Humans killed them. That's 400 00:23:20,440 --> 00:23:24,320 Speaker 1: one that humans either overhunted all of them or overhunted 401 00:23:24,359 --> 00:23:27,600 Speaker 1: a keystone species like mastodons that led to collapse of 402 00:23:27,680 --> 00:23:29,800 Speaker 1: the ecosystem as a whole. It doesn't seem likely to me. 403 00:23:30,480 --> 00:23:34,359 Speaker 1: I know the timeline suggests that, but I think that's correlation. Okay, 404 00:23:34,480 --> 00:23:37,720 Speaker 1: that's just my opinion. The other one is climate change 405 00:23:37,840 --> 00:23:40,280 Speaker 1: itself did that. This was the end of an ice age. 406 00:23:40,520 --> 00:23:44,360 Speaker 1: Temperatures were rising, sea levels were rising. Um It's possible 407 00:23:44,440 --> 00:23:47,040 Speaker 1: that a lot of these species just couldn't possibly adapt, 408 00:23:47,920 --> 00:23:51,640 Speaker 1: possibly because they were large, because this late Pleistocene extinction 409 00:23:52,160 --> 00:23:56,679 Speaker 1: was mostly among mammals um or animals a hundred pounds 410 00:23:56,760 --> 00:23:59,320 Speaker 1: or more. And then the third one is something called 411 00:23:59,400 --> 00:24:04,600 Speaker 1: hyper disse any highly infectious disease, possibly introduced by man 412 00:24:05,240 --> 00:24:08,080 Speaker 1: and then transferred from man to animal. I wonder if 413 00:24:08,080 --> 00:24:10,560 Speaker 1: they found a human bones and the tar pits at all. 414 00:24:11,200 --> 00:24:14,879 Speaker 1: I don't know. I haven't heard about that. Yeah, I 415 00:24:15,240 --> 00:24:17,760 Speaker 1: didn't come across anything like that either. You think they 416 00:24:17,840 --> 00:24:21,040 Speaker 1: would have made pretty big hey, that kind of thing. Actually, Josh, 417 00:24:21,400 --> 00:24:23,400 Speaker 1: I did something we rarely do, and I just looked 418 00:24:23,440 --> 00:24:26,400 Speaker 1: it up mid Chow and they did find a human 419 00:24:26,480 --> 00:24:29,920 Speaker 1: skull called the Libreya woman evidently like early on in 420 00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:32,400 Speaker 1: nineteen fourteen, and that I think that's the only human 421 00:24:32,480 --> 00:24:36,040 Speaker 1: bones that they've ever found. So there you have it. 422 00:24:36,560 --> 00:24:38,440 Speaker 1: There you have it. Do they have any idea where 423 00:24:38,680 --> 00:24:43,760 Speaker 1: like when she lived approximately ten thousand years wow? So 424 00:24:45,080 --> 00:24:50,760 Speaker 1: and she was like between because she was old. Supposedly 425 00:24:50,840 --> 00:24:54,760 Speaker 1: that's a fallacy. Yeah, once once you they had a 426 00:24:54,840 --> 00:24:58,560 Speaker 1: high infant mortality rate back then, which excuse the average 427 00:24:58,600 --> 00:25:02,800 Speaker 1: life expectancy downward. But once you survived infancy, you could 428 00:25:02,840 --> 00:25:05,600 Speaker 1: expect to live like to a nice ripe old age. 429 00:25:06,480 --> 00:25:09,280 Speaker 1: But anyway, it's possible that Zed will give us an 430 00:25:09,320 --> 00:25:12,160 Speaker 1: idea of what the heck happened at the late Pleistocene extinction, 431 00:25:12,920 --> 00:25:18,000 Speaker 1: because North America in particular had a peculiar, peculiarly large 432 00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:22,240 Speaker 1: die off like it happened elsewhere in roughly the same 433 00:25:22,440 --> 00:25:27,080 Speaker 1: time in other continents, but in North America it was big, massive. 434 00:25:27,680 --> 00:25:31,280 Speaker 1: So what happened? Maybe the humans killed them all? Maybe 435 00:25:31,280 --> 00:25:35,199 Speaker 1: I'm wrong, ask Z well, not necessarily, but there were 436 00:25:35,280 --> 00:25:39,040 Speaker 1: humans in other places to where the extinction wasn't nearly 437 00:25:39,119 --> 00:25:44,280 Speaker 1: as pronounced. Maybe there were vegetarians. So go to the 438 00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:47,200 Speaker 1: Libreo tar pits. Yeah, because he's dead with his ten 439 00:25:47,240 --> 00:25:50,480 Speaker 1: foot long tusks. It's an l A institution. Yeah that 440 00:25:50,840 --> 00:25:52,600 Speaker 1: if you were just fan of movies, they've shot all 441 00:25:52,640 --> 00:25:56,159 Speaker 1: kinds of movies in there, and yeah, it was a 442 00:25:56,240 --> 00:25:59,000 Speaker 1: great movie, Miracle Mile. Yeah, Anthony Edwards. Did you ever 443 00:25:59,040 --> 00:26:01,840 Speaker 1: seen that? No, you should check that out. That's a 444 00:26:03,160 --> 00:26:09,199 Speaker 1: little known U cult classic about nuclear war and uh, 445 00:26:09,480 --> 00:26:11,800 Speaker 1: the last like twenty four hours before the bomb is 446 00:26:11,800 --> 00:26:14,480 Speaker 1: supposed to hit l A. Really and it all takes 447 00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:18,240 Speaker 1: place at the Miracle Mile area. Their scenes in the 448 00:26:18,320 --> 00:26:21,120 Speaker 1: tar pits and there's a diner there right on will 449 00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:24,359 Speaker 1: shure that. I think Johnny's Diner. That's not even open anymore, 450 00:26:24,440 --> 00:26:26,119 Speaker 1: but they just keep it there because they filmed so 451 00:26:26,160 --> 00:26:31,520 Speaker 1: many movies there. Uh yeah, highly recommended by me. Nice, Well, 452 00:26:31,600 --> 00:26:36,160 Speaker 1: I will see your Miracle Mile. Yeah. Very eighties though, 453 00:26:36,200 --> 00:26:40,399 Speaker 1: like get ready for the synthesizer score for you. Have 454 00:26:40,560 --> 00:26:43,399 Speaker 1: you ever seen Night of the Comment? Oh, dude, I 455 00:26:43,560 --> 00:26:45,680 Speaker 1: love Night of the Comment. That's that's a good one too. 456 00:26:45,960 --> 00:26:47,720 Speaker 1: Nothing to do with nuclear bombs or l A, but 457 00:26:47,920 --> 00:26:52,879 Speaker 1: that's great super eighties. Yeah, I love that movie. Do 458 00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:56,040 Speaker 1: you have it? Oh? I was behind Anthony Edwards at 459 00:26:56,080 --> 00:26:59,600 Speaker 1: the Reality to Restore Sanity. Oh really, yeah, I'm thinking 460 00:26:59,640 --> 00:27:01,520 Speaker 1: the right guy, right, the guy from Top Gun. Yeah, 461 00:27:01,560 --> 00:27:05,240 Speaker 1: and you are yeah, yeah, sure, yeah and Miracle Revenge 462 00:27:05,280 --> 00:27:08,520 Speaker 1: of the Nerds. Yeah. I don't remember his name that one, 463 00:27:08,600 --> 00:27:11,840 Speaker 1: but it was that was his best role. I think. Um, 464 00:27:12,000 --> 00:27:13,639 Speaker 1: we saw the I don't know if you saw him, 465 00:27:13,640 --> 00:27:16,800 Speaker 1: but when we were in l A for uh that 466 00:27:18,119 --> 00:27:21,919 Speaker 1: TV show that we had, Remember when they brought us 467 00:27:21,960 --> 00:27:24,480 Speaker 1: out for the press weekend thing. Um, I can't rember 468 00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:27,399 Speaker 1: what that's called, but we the junket. Yeah, it was 469 00:27:27,440 --> 00:27:29,800 Speaker 1: a junk It's a junket. The two Revenge of the 470 00:27:29,800 --> 00:27:33,200 Speaker 1: Booger and um, the Carte and guy were both there 471 00:27:33,280 --> 00:27:35,760 Speaker 1: promoting their new show, and they walked by me and 472 00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:38,440 Speaker 1: I was like, holy cow, that's two nerds of the 473 00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:41,600 Speaker 1: Revenge of the Nerds gang. I remember you saying that. 474 00:27:41,920 --> 00:27:44,040 Speaker 1: It was pretty excited. I felt like I missed out. 475 00:27:44,560 --> 00:27:48,080 Speaker 1: That's all right, not seeing them. It really wasn't a 476 00:27:48,080 --> 00:27:51,080 Speaker 1: big deal. And we're Matt Damon and uh Michael Douglas 477 00:27:51,160 --> 00:27:54,520 Speaker 1: there too, promoting the Liberati movie. Yeah. I remember seeing 478 00:27:54,560 --> 00:27:56,200 Speaker 1: them and going, what are they doing together? And that 479 00:27:56,520 --> 00:27:58,520 Speaker 1: is what our TV show has to do? With behind 480 00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:03,200 Speaker 1: the Candle labruk uh. If you want to know about 481 00:28:03,280 --> 00:28:06,840 Speaker 1: more amazing connections, you can check us out on social media. 482 00:28:07,200 --> 00:28:09,480 Speaker 1: We're all over the place. We're on Twitter, s y 483 00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:13,880 Speaker 1: s K podcast, We're on Instagram and Pinterest, We're on Facebook, 484 00:28:13,960 --> 00:28:16,200 Speaker 1: dot com, slash stuff you should know. You can send 485 00:28:16,240 --> 00:28:19,879 Speaker 1: us an email to Stuff Podcast at how stuff works 486 00:28:19,960 --> 00:28:23,040 Speaker 1: dot com. The triumphant return of that U R L 487 00:28:23,680 --> 00:28:26,240 Speaker 1: and uh. If you want to know more about the 488 00:28:26,320 --> 00:28:29,880 Speaker 1: Libreria tar pits, I did this totally out of order? 489 00:28:30,560 --> 00:28:33,120 Speaker 1: What is wrong with me? Today? You got a case 490 00:28:33,160 --> 00:28:37,800 Speaker 1: of the Monday's weird? It's Wednesday, anyway, I guess we'll 491 00:28:37,880 --> 00:28:40,960 Speaker 1: leave it in Huh. No sense in recording something in 492 00:28:41,240 --> 00:28:43,520 Speaker 1: error over again. Well, and since no one ever knows 493 00:28:43,560 --> 00:28:45,120 Speaker 1: how to get in touch with us, it's clear that 494 00:28:45,200 --> 00:28:48,240 Speaker 1: most people tune out by this time anyway, right, okay? Well, anyway, 495 00:28:48,280 --> 00:28:50,680 Speaker 1: if you want to know more about the Libraria tarpets, 496 00:28:51,120 --> 00:28:53,200 Speaker 1: type that in the search bar how stuff works dot 497 00:28:53,240 --> 00:28:57,680 Speaker 1: com and that will bring up this listener mail. Uh 498 00:28:57,960 --> 00:28:59,920 Speaker 1: am Nizia expert is what I'm gonna call this. We 499 00:29:00,080 --> 00:29:03,600 Speaker 1: called out for amnesia experts and we got one. Uh 500 00:29:04,080 --> 00:29:06,680 Speaker 1: or she says, I sort of am. Her name is Maya. 501 00:29:06,800 --> 00:29:09,880 Speaker 1: She's a PhD student working on her dissertation and neuroscience. 502 00:29:10,360 --> 00:29:12,800 Speaker 1: She said, my work focus is on spatial working memory, 503 00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:16,640 Speaker 1: and our lab actually models human amnesia and rats. While 504 00:29:16,680 --> 00:29:20,880 Speaker 1: there were a few things that were nitpicky, nitpicklely wrong, um, 505 00:29:20,960 --> 00:29:23,080 Speaker 1: I most wanted to write in about your discussion of 506 00:29:23,120 --> 00:29:26,000 Speaker 1: short term in working memory. While in the podcast you 507 00:29:26,080 --> 00:29:28,800 Speaker 1: stated that there were two separate things, there were two 508 00:29:28,840 --> 00:29:31,400 Speaker 1: separate things, and that working memory forms a bridge between 509 00:29:31,560 --> 00:29:34,400 Speaker 1: STM and l t M. In fact, the term short 510 00:29:34,480 --> 00:29:36,920 Speaker 1: term memory is no longer really used in the memory field. 511 00:29:37,640 --> 00:29:40,680 Speaker 1: Working memory now encompasses what used to be referred to 512 00:29:40,800 --> 00:29:44,440 Speaker 1: as short term uh. The working part is in reference 513 00:29:44,520 --> 00:29:46,360 Speaker 1: to the fact that these items can be remembered as 514 00:29:46,400 --> 00:29:50,480 Speaker 1: long as the brain works at rehashing the information, like say, 515 00:29:50,560 --> 00:29:52,960 Speaker 1: repeating it to yourself, rather than for a certain arbitrary 516 00:29:53,040 --> 00:29:55,880 Speaker 1: period of time. That's why they use a Clydesdale to 517 00:29:55,960 --> 00:30:00,240 Speaker 1: represent working memory. There's also competing theories about the actual 518 00:30:00,280 --> 00:30:02,440 Speaker 1: limits of working memory, but our lab believes in as 519 00:30:02,480 --> 00:30:07,040 Speaker 1: shown that it is capacity dependent that the traditional idea 520 00:30:07,040 --> 00:30:10,600 Speaker 1: of seven items really holds true for simple things like 521 00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:14,360 Speaker 1: numbers or letters. In fact, the more complicated the information, 522 00:30:14,400 --> 00:30:17,160 Speaker 1: the fewer items your working memory can hold. It's amazing. 523 00:30:17,400 --> 00:30:19,560 Speaker 1: For example, why you can easily remember the ten digits 524 00:30:19,880 --> 00:30:22,400 Speaker 1: uh by repeating it in your head. You could only 525 00:30:22,440 --> 00:30:26,280 Speaker 1: remember one or two faces using the same strategy. Huh. 526 00:30:26,760 --> 00:30:29,320 Speaker 1: So that is from Maya Uh, and good luck on 527 00:30:29,440 --> 00:30:34,160 Speaker 1: your PhD studies. Thanks for correcting us too. Maybe it 528 00:30:34,200 --> 00:30:36,160 Speaker 1: would have held a little more weight if it come 529 00:30:36,320 --> 00:30:40,560 Speaker 1: after you got your PhD, but we appreciate you writing 530 00:30:40,600 --> 00:30:43,680 Speaker 1: in either way. If you want to be derided by 531 00:30:43,760 --> 00:30:46,479 Speaker 1: me or chuck a listener mail, or if you want 532 00:30:46,520 --> 00:30:50,400 Speaker 1: to just correct us uh, we appreciate that in all seriousness, 533 00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:55,800 Speaker 1: you can write to us, as I said before Stuff 534 00:30:55,840 --> 00:30:59,400 Speaker 1: podcast at how stuff works dot com. And while you're 535 00:30:59,440 --> 00:31:02,520 Speaker 1: on the computer, you might as well check out our beautiful, 536 00:31:02,680 --> 00:31:05,640 Speaker 1: luxurious home on the web, Stuff you Should Know dot com. 537 00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:13,520 Speaker 1: For more on this and thousands of other topics, visit 538 00:31:13,600 --> 00:31:14,720 Speaker 1: how stuff Works dot com.