1 00:00:02,509 --> 00:00:06,990 Speaker 1: Happy Saturday. Today is the anniversary of the London Beer Flood, 2 00:00:07,110 --> 00:00:11,370 Speaker 1: which happened on October 17th, 1814. It is one of 3 00:00:11,430 --> 00:00:14,470 Speaker 1: the things we talked about in our first ever installment 4 00:00:14,610 --> 00:00:18,270 Speaker 1: of our recurring series, Six Impossible Episodes. So we are 5 00:00:18,300 --> 00:00:22,360 Speaker 1: bringing that episode out as today's Saturday classic. This episode 6 00:00:22,400 --> 00:00:24,880 Speaker 1: also includes a couple of topics that fit in with 7 00:00:24,920 --> 00:00:29,680 Speaker 1: our typical October episodes, Edward Mordrake and Robert the Haunted Doll. 8 00:00:30,820 --> 00:00:38,500 Speaker 1: This episode originally came out February 4th, 2015. Enjoy! Welcome 9 00:00:38,560 --> 00:00:42,280 Speaker 1: to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production of iHeartRadio. 10 00:00:48,040 --> 00:00:51,440 Speaker 1: Hello and welcome to the podcast. I'm Tracy V. Wilson. 11 00:00:51,460 --> 00:00:54,470 Speaker 1: And I'm Holly Frey. Over the last couple of years 12 00:00:54,520 --> 00:00:56,010 Speaker 1: that Holly and I have been on this show, we 13 00:00:56,050 --> 00:00:59,750 Speaker 1: have gotten literally hundreds and hundreds of requests from listeners. 14 00:01:00,540 --> 00:01:04,100 Speaker 1: And maybe 5% of them are requests that we get 15 00:01:04,240 --> 00:01:07,740 Speaker 1: over and over and over and over again. And unfortunately, 16 00:01:07,800 --> 00:01:11,650 Speaker 1: a handful of those most requested episodes are also ones 17 00:01:11,709 --> 00:01:15,770 Speaker 1: that we can't really do a whole show on. Sometimes 18 00:01:15,810 --> 00:01:20,190 Speaker 1: there's just not enough information available about the thing. Sometimes 19 00:01:20,230 --> 00:01:24,740 Speaker 1: the information exists somewhere, but there's not a way that 20 00:01:24,780 --> 00:01:27,539 Speaker 1: we can really get to it. It's either not in 21 00:01:27,580 --> 00:01:30,940 Speaker 1: a language that we speak, Or it's so spread out 22 00:01:31,080 --> 00:01:33,639 Speaker 1: among so many different things that it would take way 23 00:01:33,700 --> 00:01:36,060 Speaker 1: more time than we can really put into a show 24 00:01:36,220 --> 00:01:40,230 Speaker 1: that puts out two new episodes in a week. Or 25 00:01:40,770 --> 00:01:46,250 Speaker 1: sometimes there's information, but it's so far removed from primary 26 00:01:46,330 --> 00:01:51,390 Speaker 1: sources that it just doesn't feel that reliable. Occasionally, we 27 00:01:51,440 --> 00:01:53,080 Speaker 1: actually get emails from people who kind of go, I 28 00:01:53,140 --> 00:01:55,280 Speaker 1: want you to do an episode on this. I know 29 00:01:55,320 --> 00:01:57,760 Speaker 1: the information is out there because my friend is doing 30 00:01:57,800 --> 00:02:01,440 Speaker 1: his master's thesis on it. And I'm just going to 31 00:02:01,480 --> 00:02:03,360 Speaker 1: go ahead and put it out there. We cannot do 32 00:02:03,400 --> 00:02:06,660 Speaker 1: a master's thesis level of work for a podcast that 33 00:02:06,700 --> 00:02:08,359 Speaker 1: comes out twice a week. We would be on like 34 00:02:08,400 --> 00:02:12,120 Speaker 1: a Dan Carlin hardcore history kind of schedule if that 35 00:02:12,160 --> 00:02:14,280 Speaker 1: were the time that we could put into every episode. 36 00:02:14,360 --> 00:02:17,190 Speaker 1: So what we're going to do today is to take 37 00:02:17,320 --> 00:02:20,210 Speaker 1: six of these things that are impossible to do an 38 00:02:20,250 --> 00:02:22,750 Speaker 1: episode on their own. And we're going to just run 39 00:02:22,790 --> 00:02:25,799 Speaker 1: through them in one show. So that is our six 40 00:02:25,860 --> 00:02:29,640 Speaker 1: impossible episodes for today. So first up, we're going to 41 00:02:29,660 --> 00:02:33,020 Speaker 1: talk about Mary Fields, who is also known as Stagecoach Mary. 42 00:02:33,680 --> 00:02:35,139 Speaker 1: And this is a person who a lot of people 43 00:02:35,180 --> 00:02:37,880 Speaker 1: hear about for the first time through a post on 44 00:02:38,000 --> 00:02:40,130 Speaker 1: Badass of the Week, which if you're not familiar with 45 00:02:40,150 --> 00:02:42,910 Speaker 1: that site, the language is a bit blue. So maybe 46 00:02:42,970 --> 00:02:45,010 Speaker 1: do not Google it after this episode and read it 47 00:02:45,090 --> 00:02:49,470 Speaker 1: aloud to an elementary school class or other small children, etc., 48 00:02:50,450 --> 00:02:54,090 Speaker 1: Here's what we do know about stagecoach Mary. She was 49 00:02:54,169 --> 00:02:57,870 Speaker 1: born a slave in Tennessee in 1832 and was owned 50 00:02:57,950 --> 00:03:00,830 Speaker 1: by a family called the Dunns. She and one of 51 00:03:00,870 --> 00:03:04,630 Speaker 1: the Dunns' daughters, Dolly, basically grew up together, and Mary 52 00:03:04,669 --> 00:03:07,530 Speaker 1: learned to read and write while she was still a slave. 53 00:03:08,389 --> 00:03:12,210 Speaker 1: After slavery was abolished, she moved to Toledo, Ohio with 54 00:03:12,270 --> 00:03:14,850 Speaker 1: Dolly Dunn, who was going there to become a nun. 55 00:03:16,220 --> 00:03:19,760 Speaker 1: Dolly Dunn became known as Mother Amadeus, and she eventually 56 00:03:19,820 --> 00:03:22,860 Speaker 1: moved to Cascade, Montana, to teach at a school for 57 00:03:22,919 --> 00:03:27,120 Speaker 1: Native American children. For a while, Mary stayed behind in Ohio, 58 00:03:27,220 --> 00:03:30,720 Speaker 1: but when Mother Amadeus became extremely ill, they sent for her. 59 00:03:32,139 --> 00:03:36,550 Speaker 1: Mother Amadeus eventually got better, and Mary stayed in Cascade. 60 00:03:36,570 --> 00:03:39,970 Speaker 1: She did odd jobs around St. Peter's Mission, and she 61 00:03:40,030 --> 00:03:43,620 Speaker 1: basically acted as a protector for the nuns. She also 62 00:03:43,630 --> 00:03:46,440 Speaker 1: got a job delivering the mail by stagecoach, which made 63 00:03:46,480 --> 00:03:50,400 Speaker 1: her the first African-American woman to work delivering U.S. mail. 64 00:03:51,280 --> 00:03:53,990 Speaker 1: And we talk in our Charlie Parkhurst episode about what 65 00:03:54,030 --> 00:03:58,310 Speaker 1: a demanding and dangerous job stagecoach driving was. And Mary 66 00:03:58,390 --> 00:04:02,460 Speaker 1: apparently took to it tremendously. She was extremely reliable as 67 00:04:02,520 --> 00:04:06,120 Speaker 1: a driver, and she developed a reputation for fighting, brawling, 68 00:04:06,260 --> 00:04:10,170 Speaker 1: and taking guff from absolutely no one. There are a 69 00:04:10,170 --> 00:04:12,490 Speaker 1: number of stories of her knocking men out with one 70 00:04:12,570 --> 00:04:15,850 Speaker 1: blow under a variety of circumstances, and this is also 71 00:04:15,910 --> 00:04:18,770 Speaker 1: why she wound up not working for the convent anymore. 72 00:04:18,800 --> 00:04:22,240 Speaker 1: It was the combination of her personality and her work 73 00:04:22,300 --> 00:04:27,420 Speaker 1: that earned her that nickname Stagecoach Mary. Eventually, she retired 74 00:04:27,500 --> 00:04:30,679 Speaker 1: from stagecoach driving and opened a laundry, and she became 75 00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:34,620 Speaker 1: a really beloved figure in Cascade, which actually made her 76 00:04:34,660 --> 00:04:39,530 Speaker 1: birthday a holiday. And stagecoach Mary died in 1914. She 77 00:04:39,570 --> 00:04:41,810 Speaker 1: was 82 at the time, and she is buried just 78 00:04:41,870 --> 00:04:46,529 Speaker 1: outside Cascade, Montana. In terms of information about her, there's 79 00:04:46,570 --> 00:04:49,529 Speaker 1: a children's book about her, as well as a documentary 80 00:04:49,589 --> 00:04:53,110 Speaker 1: called Discovering Mary, and that's by a woman named Joyce Fitzpatrick. 81 00:04:53,700 --> 00:04:56,360 Speaker 1: I haven't seen the film itself, but she talks about 82 00:04:56,440 --> 00:05:00,659 Speaker 1: picking up tidbits of information for years before making the film. 83 00:05:01,040 --> 00:05:03,520 Speaker 1: And the film itself actually started out more as a 84 00:05:03,560 --> 00:05:07,270 Speaker 1: documentary of her recording her own process of looking for 85 00:05:07,310 --> 00:05:11,610 Speaker 1: more information about Mary Fields. So when people first started 86 00:05:11,850 --> 00:05:14,730 Speaker 1: asking us to do an episode about Stagecoach Mary, there 87 00:05:14,750 --> 00:05:19,740 Speaker 1: was actually a crowdfunding project in the works. somewhere about 88 00:05:19,779 --> 00:05:23,330 Speaker 1: a documentary. I'm not sure if it was this documentary 89 00:05:23,390 --> 00:05:26,730 Speaker 1: or a different one. But now, almost two years later, 90 00:05:26,790 --> 00:05:29,690 Speaker 1: when I went looking for it again, all traces of 91 00:05:29,770 --> 00:05:32,969 Speaker 1: that have vanished into the ether. So at the time, 92 00:05:33,050 --> 00:05:35,510 Speaker 1: I was like, hey, when this documentary comes out, maybe 93 00:05:35,550 --> 00:05:38,370 Speaker 1: we will be able to get enough to do a 94 00:05:38,430 --> 00:05:43,159 Speaker 1: whole episode on this person. And it evaporated. I don't 95 00:05:43,200 --> 00:05:46,919 Speaker 1: know what happened to it. So if it does come out, 96 00:05:47,180 --> 00:05:50,359 Speaker 1: there's always still the possibility. We'll see. But next up 97 00:05:50,420 --> 00:05:53,620 Speaker 1: in our Impossible episodes is the London Beer Flood. And 98 00:05:53,660 --> 00:05:56,060 Speaker 1: you may remember the episode in our archive about the 99 00:05:56,110 --> 00:05:59,000 Speaker 1: Boston Molasses Flood, which was back in the era of 100 00:05:59,050 --> 00:06:03,049 Speaker 1: Katie and Sarah. And in 1915, a vat in Boston's 101 00:06:03,130 --> 00:06:06,830 Speaker 1: North End burst, sending a 15-foot wave of molasses that 102 00:06:06,990 --> 00:06:10,170 Speaker 1: ripped buildings off their foundations and killed more than 20 103 00:06:10,170 --> 00:06:15,630 Speaker 1: people and also injured another 150. So the London beer 104 00:06:15,670 --> 00:06:18,930 Speaker 1: flood was a lot like that, except that it was 105 00:06:19,029 --> 00:06:22,510 Speaker 1: beer and it was about 100 years earlier. And it's also, 106 00:06:22,560 --> 00:06:26,240 Speaker 1: we have a similar amount of information about it as 107 00:06:26,400 --> 00:06:30,060 Speaker 1: about the Boston molasses flood, except that episode on the 108 00:06:30,100 --> 00:06:32,620 Speaker 1: Boston molasses flood is from back when the podcast was 109 00:06:32,680 --> 00:06:36,880 Speaker 1: only 15 minutes long. Yeah, there was a lot less 110 00:06:36,920 --> 00:06:39,050 Speaker 1: fleshing out of all of the details at that point. 111 00:06:39,820 --> 00:06:42,030 Speaker 1: And so for the London beer flood on October 17th 112 00:06:42,050 --> 00:06:47,100 Speaker 1: of 1814, A three-story tall beer vat of fermenting beer 113 00:06:47,320 --> 00:06:50,350 Speaker 1: broke at a brewery and it unleashed a 15-foot high 114 00:06:50,410 --> 00:06:54,549 Speaker 1: wave of porter. And as the wave roared through the brewery, 115 00:06:54,670 --> 00:06:57,480 Speaker 1: it broke taps off other vats, which caused a chain 116 00:06:57,520 --> 00:07:02,630 Speaker 1: reaction that then flooded the surrounding area with beer. Some 117 00:07:02,710 --> 00:07:06,650 Speaker 1: sources report this having happened at the Horseshoe Brewery on 118 00:07:06,750 --> 00:07:10,630 Speaker 1: Tottenham Court Road. And other sources say it was the 119 00:07:10,710 --> 00:07:14,170 Speaker 1: Mr's Henry Mew and Company on Bainbridge Street. So to 120 00:07:14,210 --> 00:07:17,350 Speaker 1: kind of solve that mystery, those two streets intersect with 121 00:07:17,370 --> 00:07:22,750 Speaker 1: each other. And the second, the Mew brothers bought the 122 00:07:22,790 --> 00:07:26,130 Speaker 1: brewery in 1841. So this was sort of two different 123 00:07:26,180 --> 00:07:29,580 Speaker 1: ways of describing the same brewery. And eight people were 124 00:07:29,620 --> 00:07:32,390 Speaker 1: killed in the beer flood, and many buildings were destroyed. 125 00:07:32,950 --> 00:07:34,870 Speaker 1: There was no drainage in the streets, so the beer 126 00:07:34,890 --> 00:07:39,290 Speaker 1: basically had nowhere to go except through people's homes. So 127 00:07:39,330 --> 00:07:41,230 Speaker 1: it just went right into them and right through them. 128 00:07:41,670 --> 00:07:43,470 Speaker 1: And two of those people that were killed were a 129 00:07:43,510 --> 00:07:46,310 Speaker 1: mother and daughter who were having tea in their home 130 00:07:46,330 --> 00:07:49,370 Speaker 1: and then were swept away. Five more were a family 131 00:07:49,410 --> 00:07:51,710 Speaker 1: who had been killed in their basement while they were 132 00:07:51,730 --> 00:07:54,230 Speaker 1: in the process of mourning their two-year-old child who had 133 00:07:54,250 --> 00:07:57,900 Speaker 1: just died. A brick wall collapsed and killed another woman 134 00:07:57,940 --> 00:08:02,590 Speaker 1: named Eleanor Cooper. There was an inquest after this happened. 135 00:08:03,270 --> 00:08:06,030 Speaker 1: One of the hoops holding the vat together had actually 136 00:08:06,110 --> 00:08:09,030 Speaker 1: broken and slipped off earlier in the day, but apparently 137 00:08:09,070 --> 00:08:12,550 Speaker 1: this wasn't a really unusual occurrence. It happens sometimes, and 138 00:08:12,590 --> 00:08:15,440 Speaker 1: they would go and fix it. When George Crick, who 139 00:08:15,480 --> 00:08:19,070 Speaker 1: was a 17-year employee of the brewery, reported the incident 140 00:08:19,090 --> 00:08:21,370 Speaker 1: to his boss, he was told that it would not 141 00:08:21,410 --> 00:08:24,590 Speaker 1: be a problem, and he was instructed to delegate replacing 142 00:08:24,630 --> 00:08:28,610 Speaker 1: the hoop to a different employee. The inquest determined that 143 00:08:28,630 --> 00:08:31,620 Speaker 1: this was an act of God, and the brewery was 144 00:08:31,760 --> 00:08:35,500 Speaker 1: cleared of all wrongdoing. There were no restitutions paid, and 145 00:08:35,580 --> 00:08:39,660 Speaker 1: actually the taxes that the brewery had previously paid on 146 00:08:39,700 --> 00:08:43,520 Speaker 1: the beer that it was brewing were waived. One of 147 00:08:43,580 --> 00:08:46,600 Speaker 1: the long-standing rumors about this flood is that people rushed 148 00:08:46,640 --> 00:08:48,839 Speaker 1: to the streets with pots and pans to try to 149 00:08:48,860 --> 00:08:52,990 Speaker 1: get free beer. This is almost certainly false and probably 150 00:08:53,020 --> 00:08:55,830 Speaker 1: stems from an effort to sort of insult the people 151 00:08:55,870 --> 00:08:59,590 Speaker 1: living there because many of them were Irish. The brewery 152 00:08:59,630 --> 00:09:05,250 Speaker 1: did eventually resume operations, but then it closed in 1921. 153 00:09:05,250 --> 00:09:09,230 Speaker 1: The 200th anniversary of the London beer flood was in 2014, 154 00:09:09,230 --> 00:09:12,309 Speaker 1: and at that point there was this just huge number 155 00:09:12,350 --> 00:09:14,610 Speaker 1: of articles that came out about it and I was 156 00:09:14,690 --> 00:09:16,829 Speaker 1: really hopeful at that point that hey we'll have enough 157 00:09:16,870 --> 00:09:19,939 Speaker 1: information to do a whole episode now but all the 158 00:09:20,020 --> 00:09:22,840 Speaker 1: articles basically said the facts that we just told you 159 00:09:22,880 --> 00:09:25,580 Speaker 1: there wasn't a lot of additional information that came out 160 00:09:25,679 --> 00:09:29,620 Speaker 1: around the 200th anniversary So the middle part of this 161 00:09:29,660 --> 00:09:32,420 Speaker 1: episode is going to cover two subjects that have brought 162 00:09:32,640 --> 00:09:35,570 Speaker 1: on a load of requests, but they are really, really 163 00:09:35,590 --> 00:09:39,070 Speaker 1: difficult to substantiate. So before we dive into those, Tracy, 164 00:09:39,090 --> 00:09:41,130 Speaker 1: do you want to pause for a word from a sponsor? 165 00:09:41,510 --> 00:09:53,679 Speaker 1: Let's do that. All righty. Music We've gotten several requests 166 00:09:53,780 --> 00:09:56,280 Speaker 1: to talk about Edward Mordrake, and we got a lot 167 00:09:56,320 --> 00:09:59,970 Speaker 1: more after he was a character in the most recent season. 168 00:10:00,190 --> 00:10:02,860 Speaker 1: of American Horror Story. But if you take all the 169 00:10:02,890 --> 00:10:07,280 Speaker 1: supposedly out of Edward Mordrake's story, there's not a lot 170 00:10:07,300 --> 00:10:13,240 Speaker 1: of words left in it. So what we do know, supposedly, 171 00:10:13,260 --> 00:10:16,300 Speaker 1: is that Edward Mordrake was the son of an upper 172 00:10:16,340 --> 00:10:19,360 Speaker 1: class or noble family in England. And he's said to 173 00:10:19,400 --> 00:10:22,630 Speaker 1: have been rather a good-looking man. except for the fact 174 00:10:22,670 --> 00:10:24,360 Speaker 1: that he had a second face on the back of 175 00:10:24,400 --> 00:10:28,479 Speaker 1: his head. The most lengthy documentation we have of this 176 00:10:28,600 --> 00:10:33,300 Speaker 1: is from Curiosities of Medicine, being an encyclopedic collection of 177 00:10:33,500 --> 00:10:37,360 Speaker 1: rare and extraordinary cases and the most striking instances of 178 00:10:37,500 --> 00:10:41,000 Speaker 1: abnormality in all branches of medicine and surgery, derived from 179 00:10:41,040 --> 00:10:44,380 Speaker 1: an exhaustive research of medical literature from its origin to 180 00:10:44,400 --> 00:10:49,480 Speaker 1: the present day, abstracted, classified, annotated, and indexed. And that 181 00:10:49,540 --> 00:10:52,440 Speaker 1: is by George M. Gould and Walter L. Pyle, and 182 00:10:52,480 --> 00:10:56,510 Speaker 1: that came out at about 1896. So that entry goes, 183 00:10:57,250 --> 00:11:00,670 Speaker 1: The following well-known story of Edward Mordrake, though taken from 184 00:11:00,750 --> 00:11:03,930 Speaker 1: lay sources, is of sufficient notoriety and interest to be 185 00:11:03,970 --> 00:11:07,250 Speaker 1: mentioned here. Quote, One of the weirdest as well as 186 00:11:07,309 --> 00:11:11,290 Speaker 1: most melancholy stories of human deformity is that of Edward Mordrake, 187 00:11:11,730 --> 00:11:13,550 Speaker 1: said to have been heir to one of the noblest 188 00:11:13,620 --> 00:11:16,760 Speaker 1: peerages in England. He never claimed the title, however, and 189 00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:21,020 Speaker 1: committed suicide in his 23rd year. He lived in complete seclusion, 190 00:11:21,420 --> 00:11:24,290 Speaker 1: refusing the visits even of the members of his own family. 191 00:11:24,850 --> 00:11:27,970 Speaker 1: He was a young man of fine attainments, a profound scholar, 192 00:11:28,390 --> 00:11:32,030 Speaker 1: and a musician of rare ability. His figure was remarkable 193 00:11:32,070 --> 00:11:34,690 Speaker 1: for its grace, and his face, that is to say, 194 00:11:34,770 --> 00:11:39,130 Speaker 1: his natural face, was that of an antinous. But upon 195 00:11:39,170 --> 00:11:41,390 Speaker 1: the back of his head was another face, that of 196 00:11:41,450 --> 00:11:45,450 Speaker 1: a beautiful girl, lovely as a dream, hideous as a devil. 197 00:11:46,100 --> 00:11:49,120 Speaker 1: The female face was a mere mask, occupying only a 198 00:11:49,200 --> 00:11:52,540 Speaker 1: small portion of the posterior part of the skull, yet 199 00:11:52,580 --> 00:11:56,400 Speaker 1: exhibiting every sign of intelligence, of a malignant sort, however. 200 00:11:57,179 --> 00:11:59,880 Speaker 1: It would be seen to smile and sneer while Mordrake 201 00:11:59,900 --> 00:12:03,640 Speaker 1: was weeping. The eyes would follow the movements of the spectator, 202 00:12:03,720 --> 00:12:07,520 Speaker 1: and the lips would gibber without ceasing. No voice was audible, 203 00:12:07,980 --> 00:12:10,300 Speaker 1: but Mordrake aversed that he was kept from his rest 204 00:12:10,360 --> 00:12:12,720 Speaker 1: at night by the hateful whispers of his devil twin, 205 00:12:12,780 --> 00:12:15,380 Speaker 1: as he called it, which never sleeps but talks to 206 00:12:15,420 --> 00:12:18,199 Speaker 1: me forever of such things as they only speak of 207 00:12:18,280 --> 00:12:22,490 Speaker 1: in hell. No imagination can conceive the dreadful temptations it 208 00:12:22,520 --> 00:12:26,449 Speaker 1: sets before me. For some unforgiven wickedness of my forefathers, 209 00:12:26,590 --> 00:12:29,030 Speaker 1: I am knit to this fiend, for a fiend it 210 00:12:29,130 --> 00:12:32,449 Speaker 1: surely is. I beg and beseech you to crush it 211 00:12:32,570 --> 00:12:35,189 Speaker 1: out of human semblance, even if I die for it. 212 00:12:36,010 --> 00:12:38,699 Speaker 1: Such were the words of the hapless Mordrake to Manvers 213 00:12:38,740 --> 00:12:42,700 Speaker 1: and Treadwell, his physicians. In spite of careful watching, he 214 00:12:42,760 --> 00:12:46,359 Speaker 1: managed to procure poison whereof he died, leaving a letter 215 00:12:46,420 --> 00:12:50,760 Speaker 1: requesting that the demon face might be destroyed before his burial, quote, 216 00:12:50,870 --> 00:12:54,650 Speaker 1: lest it continues its dreadful whisperings in my grave. At 217 00:12:54,690 --> 00:12:57,070 Speaker 1: his own request, he was interred in a waste place 218 00:12:57,130 --> 00:13:00,510 Speaker 1: without stone or legend to mark his grave. And we 219 00:13:00,590 --> 00:13:04,190 Speaker 1: wanted to point out that, uh, there are variations on spelling. 220 00:13:04,309 --> 00:13:08,650 Speaker 1: So if you go look at this, this is a transcription, uh, in, 221 00:13:08,809 --> 00:13:10,849 Speaker 1: in this particular one that we read, they leave the 222 00:13:11,100 --> 00:13:13,580 Speaker 1: R out of Mordrake. So it's Mordake. So you may 223 00:13:13,640 --> 00:13:15,760 Speaker 1: see it either way. If you go looking like it 224 00:13:15,800 --> 00:13:20,920 Speaker 1: show notes or whatnot. Yeah. So, uh, there are a 225 00:13:21,020 --> 00:13:24,120 Speaker 1: number of conditions that can cause someone to appear to 226 00:13:24,160 --> 00:13:31,640 Speaker 1: have a second face or like remnants of facial structures. Um, 227 00:13:32,800 --> 00:13:36,070 Speaker 1: But what these two doctors, they were really doctors, the 228 00:13:36,090 --> 00:13:39,210 Speaker 1: guys who wrote this book, what they are reporting is 229 00:13:39,250 --> 00:13:43,730 Speaker 1: something that this guy supposedly said to two different physicians. 230 00:13:44,830 --> 00:13:48,990 Speaker 1: And it all sounds, the tone is more like rumor 231 00:13:49,390 --> 00:13:54,530 Speaker 1: than actual medical evidence. Yeah. The whole thing goes into 232 00:13:54,570 --> 00:14:00,890 Speaker 1: the probably apocryphal category. There's just not, there's no real documentation. 233 00:14:00,990 --> 00:14:04,230 Speaker 1: And it's very convenient that He says he was buried 234 00:14:04,260 --> 00:14:06,610 Speaker 1: with no stone or no marker. Like, we have no 235 00:14:06,630 --> 00:14:09,450 Speaker 1: way to prove that this person ever actually existed, because 236 00:14:09,490 --> 00:14:14,110 Speaker 1: all we have to go on is this third-party account. Yeah, 237 00:14:14,270 --> 00:14:16,880 Speaker 1: it's such a compelling story, and I know people love it, 238 00:14:16,910 --> 00:14:18,730 Speaker 1: but it also, when you kind of break it down, 239 00:14:18,770 --> 00:14:21,650 Speaker 1: it reads like a checklist of all of the vital 240 00:14:21,730 --> 00:14:26,330 Speaker 1: elements of any sort of juicy rumor story. Like it's, 241 00:14:26,510 --> 00:14:29,590 Speaker 1: you can't substantiate it. And the details are baked into 242 00:14:29,630 --> 00:14:32,400 Speaker 1: the story that you can't substantiate it. Like, no, and 243 00:14:32,420 --> 00:14:34,100 Speaker 1: he will never be found because he didn't want to 244 00:14:34,120 --> 00:14:36,540 Speaker 1: be found. So his grave is unmarked. And no, his 245 00:14:36,600 --> 00:14:39,320 Speaker 1: doctors told us, but we don't really know those doctors. 246 00:14:39,520 --> 00:14:44,200 Speaker 1: And so it's all, it's not going to happen. Our 247 00:14:44,280 --> 00:14:47,330 Speaker 1: next story is similarly a story that people really, really 248 00:14:47,370 --> 00:14:49,390 Speaker 1: love a whole lot. That we've gotten a lot of 249 00:14:49,430 --> 00:14:52,800 Speaker 1: requests for. A lot of them come in around Halloween, 250 00:14:52,940 --> 00:14:55,140 Speaker 1: but they come in through the rest of the year also. 251 00:14:55,200 --> 00:14:58,119 Speaker 1: And these are for Robert the Haunted Doll, who is 252 00:14:58,180 --> 00:15:03,090 Speaker 1: sometimes also called Robert the Enchanted Doll. And in the 253 00:15:03,140 --> 00:15:06,490 Speaker 1: words of the Key West Art and Historical Society, quote, 254 00:15:07,010 --> 00:15:10,370 Speaker 1: Robert is a one-of-a-kind handmade doll created around the turn 255 00:15:10,390 --> 00:15:13,930 Speaker 1: of the 20th century. Standing 40 inches tall and stuffed 256 00:15:13,970 --> 00:15:16,770 Speaker 1: with wood wool known as excelsior, he is dressed in 257 00:15:16,810 --> 00:15:20,940 Speaker 1: a sailor suit and once bore painted features... not unlike 258 00:15:21,000 --> 00:15:25,580 Speaker 1: those of a jester. So, just to be pretty upfront, 259 00:15:25,820 --> 00:15:29,020 Speaker 1: this thing looks creepy. The paint is worn off of 260 00:15:29,100 --> 00:15:32,760 Speaker 1: its face, so it has creepy flat black eyes, and 261 00:15:32,800 --> 00:15:35,050 Speaker 1: the nose and mouth are sort of hard to define 262 00:15:35,090 --> 00:15:37,790 Speaker 1: from the rest of the face. It's got this wooden 263 00:15:37,830 --> 00:15:40,790 Speaker 1: head that's also got some pitting in it, so the 264 00:15:40,810 --> 00:15:45,310 Speaker 1: whole thing is a little bit unsettling and unnerving to behold. Yeah, 265 00:15:45,410 --> 00:15:47,780 Speaker 1: I think a lot of people find old dolls creepy 266 00:15:47,800 --> 00:15:50,930 Speaker 1: in general. Oh, yeah. This is a very old doll. 267 00:15:51,430 --> 00:15:53,170 Speaker 1: And then it has this creepy story to go along 268 00:15:53,190 --> 00:15:56,410 Speaker 1: with it. Robert was a gift given to a little 269 00:15:56,450 --> 00:15:59,930 Speaker 1: boy named Robert Eugene Otto, who later became known as 270 00:16:00,050 --> 00:16:02,840 Speaker 1: Gene rather than Robert. And it was given to him 271 00:16:02,860 --> 00:16:05,420 Speaker 1: when he was four years old. This was in 1904. 272 00:16:05,420 --> 00:16:09,460 Speaker 1: And it's a little, there are different accounts of exactly 273 00:16:09,520 --> 00:16:12,590 Speaker 1: who gave it to him. The original origin in all 274 00:16:12,610 --> 00:16:15,880 Speaker 1: the stories is the Bahamas, but it's not quite clear 275 00:16:15,920 --> 00:16:18,360 Speaker 1: whether it was the maid who was from the Bahamas 276 00:16:18,400 --> 00:16:20,640 Speaker 1: or if it was the maid's daughter, because some people 277 00:16:20,700 --> 00:16:23,680 Speaker 1: report that it was a little girl. Either way, the 278 00:16:23,740 --> 00:16:27,380 Speaker 1: doll is about the same size as Gene himself was 279 00:16:27,700 --> 00:16:31,880 Speaker 1: at the time, and Gene named the doll Robert after himself. 280 00:16:33,280 --> 00:16:35,880 Speaker 1: Gene also gave Robert his own room in the attic 281 00:16:35,920 --> 00:16:39,020 Speaker 1: with his own toys, and he eventually started blaming this 282 00:16:39,060 --> 00:16:42,880 Speaker 1: doll for his own misbehavior. Eventually, Robert took the blame 283 00:16:42,940 --> 00:16:46,540 Speaker 1: for anything unwelcome that happened to Gene. And along the way, 284 00:16:46,560 --> 00:16:50,480 Speaker 1: other people who were not Jean started reporting weird things 285 00:16:50,520 --> 00:16:53,760 Speaker 1: about the doll. People looking through the window from the 286 00:16:53,820 --> 00:16:56,880 Speaker 1: street said that they would see it move from one 287 00:16:56,970 --> 00:17:00,630 Speaker 1: side of the attic turret to another. People inside the 288 00:17:00,670 --> 00:17:03,110 Speaker 1: house said that they could hear it walking around and 289 00:17:03,210 --> 00:17:07,149 Speaker 1: giggling above them while they were downstairs. And some people 290 00:17:07,210 --> 00:17:11,250 Speaker 1: even said that they saw the doll's expression change as 291 00:17:11,310 --> 00:17:15,550 Speaker 1: though it was listening to their conversations. Gene eventually became 292 00:17:15,590 --> 00:17:17,910 Speaker 1: an artist. You know, he grew up and he married. 293 00:17:17,930 --> 00:17:20,709 Speaker 1: And his wife is reported to have hated the doll 294 00:17:20,810 --> 00:17:24,090 Speaker 1: and demanded that it be locked in a chest. Eventually, 295 00:17:24,250 --> 00:17:26,449 Speaker 1: after both Gene and his wife died, their home was 296 00:17:26,490 --> 00:17:30,560 Speaker 1: made into the Artist House Hotel. Myrtle Reuter, who bought 297 00:17:30,580 --> 00:17:34,620 Speaker 1: the home in 1974, donated the doll to the East 298 00:17:34,680 --> 00:17:37,879 Speaker 1: Martello Museum 20 years later. And the doll is on 299 00:17:37,900 --> 00:17:40,780 Speaker 1: display at the museum, which is an old fort. And 300 00:17:40,800 --> 00:17:44,170 Speaker 1: the doll also has its bear with him. Museum staff 301 00:17:44,210 --> 00:17:48,479 Speaker 1: reported that security cameras and other electronics often failed around 302 00:17:48,520 --> 00:17:51,980 Speaker 1: the doll. Museum patrons have written him letters of apology 303 00:17:52,060 --> 00:17:55,419 Speaker 1: after taking his photograph without having permission, and then they 304 00:17:55,440 --> 00:17:59,400 Speaker 1: would experience bad luck later. All of this sounds pretty underwhelming, 305 00:17:59,480 --> 00:18:01,540 Speaker 1: considering that a lot of the blog posts that you 306 00:18:01,580 --> 00:18:05,900 Speaker 1: find about Robert describe the doll as evil or possessed 307 00:18:06,119 --> 00:18:09,620 Speaker 1: or the most haunted doll in history. Uh, Those kinds 308 00:18:09,660 --> 00:18:11,320 Speaker 1: of posts aren't generally the sorts of things we can 309 00:18:11,380 --> 00:18:14,820 Speaker 1: use as sources for the podcast. And what we do 310 00:18:14,859 --> 00:18:16,320 Speaker 1: know about the doll, for sure, is that it's a 311 00:18:16,359 --> 00:18:19,850 Speaker 1: doll and it creeps people out. And I will admit 312 00:18:19,880 --> 00:18:22,450 Speaker 1: that I, though, am still a little nervous talking about 313 00:18:22,510 --> 00:18:26,449 Speaker 1: Robert without his permission. Really? I hope nothing bad befalls us. 314 00:18:27,130 --> 00:18:29,230 Speaker 1: That sort of makes me chuckle because usually I'm the 315 00:18:29,250 --> 00:18:31,390 Speaker 1: more superstitious of the two of us and I don't 316 00:18:31,430 --> 00:18:37,180 Speaker 1: have it for this one. Well... Ghost stories scare me, 317 00:18:37,500 --> 00:18:42,859 Speaker 1: even though I would call myself generally skeptical about such things. Interesting. 318 00:18:42,900 --> 00:18:45,980 Speaker 1: We've all learned a little about Tracy today. Before we 319 00:18:46,020 --> 00:18:51,120 Speaker 1: get to the next two stories that are particularly wacky, 320 00:18:51,500 --> 00:18:54,500 Speaker 1: do you want to take another word from a sponsor? Sure. Sweet. 321 00:19:03,070 --> 00:19:06,700 Speaker 1: To get back to our Last two impossible episodes. These 322 00:19:06,780 --> 00:19:09,740 Speaker 1: are also hard to substantiate, but they're not nearly as 323 00:19:09,840 --> 00:19:12,780 Speaker 1: paranormal in their origin as the two that we had 324 00:19:12,859 --> 00:19:16,090 Speaker 1: before the break. We're going to start first with the 325 00:19:16,190 --> 00:19:19,390 Speaker 1: Lost Army of Cambyses. And this actually was a really 326 00:19:19,490 --> 00:19:22,129 Speaker 1: welcome suggestion the first time that we got it because 327 00:19:22,270 --> 00:19:25,050 Speaker 1: I had been looking for some interesting ancient history to 328 00:19:25,090 --> 00:19:28,080 Speaker 1: talk about. And so I got this and I was 329 00:19:28,100 --> 00:19:29,919 Speaker 1: very excited. And then as soon as I looked into it, 330 00:19:29,940 --> 00:19:33,280 Speaker 1: I went, that's not going to work. Greek historian Herodotus 331 00:19:33,400 --> 00:19:37,550 Speaker 1: wrote about Cambyses II sending an army of 50,000 soldiers 332 00:19:37,660 --> 00:19:40,449 Speaker 1: on a mission to destroy the Oracle of Ammon. And 333 00:19:40,490 --> 00:19:44,110 Speaker 1: this is the same Oracle that Alexander the Great later visited. 334 00:19:44,270 --> 00:19:46,169 Speaker 1: He did that in the year 332 BCE after this 335 00:19:46,210 --> 00:19:52,320 Speaker 1: visit happened. Alexander the Great reportedly started to think of 336 00:19:52,380 --> 00:19:57,640 Speaker 1: himself as the son of Amun. And this particular event 337 00:19:58,140 --> 00:20:03,129 Speaker 1: purportedly happened almost 200 years prior to Alexander's visit. The 338 00:20:03,210 --> 00:20:06,990 Speaker 1: oracle had refused to recognize Cambyses as sovereign over Egypt, 339 00:20:07,070 --> 00:20:10,710 Speaker 1: so Cambyses sent an army out from Thebes to the 340 00:20:10,780 --> 00:20:13,460 Speaker 1: oasis of Siwa, where the Temple of Amun was located, 341 00:20:13,859 --> 00:20:18,580 Speaker 1: to destroy the oracle. But the army never arrived. So 342 00:20:18,619 --> 00:20:21,700 Speaker 1: here's what Herodotus had to say about that. As for 343 00:20:21,740 --> 00:20:24,659 Speaker 1: those who were sent to march against the Ammonians as 344 00:20:24,760 --> 00:20:28,030 Speaker 1: they set out and journeyed from Thebes with guides... And 345 00:20:28,050 --> 00:20:30,430 Speaker 1: it is known that they came to the city of Oasis, 346 00:20:30,570 --> 00:20:34,010 Speaker 1: inhabited by the Samians, said to be of the Ascrionian tribe, 347 00:20:34,330 --> 00:20:38,330 Speaker 1: seven days' march from Thebes across sandy desert. This place 348 00:20:38,390 --> 00:20:41,670 Speaker 1: is called, in the Greek language, Islands of the Blessed. 349 00:20:42,250 --> 00:20:45,150 Speaker 1: Thus far it is said the army came. After that, 350 00:20:45,410 --> 00:20:48,070 Speaker 1: except for the Ammonians themselves and those who heard from them, 351 00:20:48,369 --> 00:20:51,169 Speaker 1: no man can say anything of them, for they neither 352 00:20:51,410 --> 00:20:54,800 Speaker 1: reached the Ammonians nor returned back. But this is what 353 00:20:54,820 --> 00:20:58,580 Speaker 1: the Ammonians themselves say. that when Persians were crossing the 354 00:20:58,619 --> 00:21:02,620 Speaker 1: sand from Oasis, probably the oasis of Karge, to attack them, 355 00:21:02,920 --> 00:21:06,590 Speaker 1: and were about midway between their country and Oasis, while 356 00:21:06,630 --> 00:21:09,669 Speaker 1: they were breakfasting, a great and violent south wind arose 357 00:21:09,730 --> 00:21:12,450 Speaker 1: which buried them in the masses of sand which it bore, 358 00:21:12,590 --> 00:21:16,440 Speaker 1: and so they disappeared from sight. Such is the Ammonian 359 00:21:16,500 --> 00:21:20,770 Speaker 1: tale of this army. And that's most of what we 360 00:21:20,810 --> 00:21:25,210 Speaker 1: know about it. A sandstorm buried an army. Maybe. But 361 00:21:25,310 --> 00:21:28,730 Speaker 1: a lot of historians think the whole thing is completely apocryphal. 362 00:21:30,210 --> 00:21:33,730 Speaker 1: Every once in a while, researchers will find, in scare quotes, 363 00:21:33,980 --> 00:21:36,940 Speaker 1: the army. Usually what they have found is some shards 364 00:21:36,980 --> 00:21:40,880 Speaker 1: of pottery and some bones. Some of these finds are 365 00:21:41,140 --> 00:21:45,180 Speaker 1: outright hoaxes, and others have been a little more substantive, 366 00:21:45,260 --> 00:21:48,420 Speaker 1: like there really is pottery and there really are bones. 367 00:21:49,150 --> 00:21:53,460 Speaker 1: But often the research itself is still questionable in some way, 368 00:21:53,619 --> 00:21:58,340 Speaker 1: like people have gone and done their searching without actually 369 00:21:58,380 --> 00:22:00,760 Speaker 1: getting permission to be in Egypt in the first place. 370 00:22:01,060 --> 00:22:04,360 Speaker 1: And then they've presented findings as a documentary film rather 371 00:22:04,420 --> 00:22:08,580 Speaker 1: than through the typical channels that you announce academic findings, 372 00:22:08,680 --> 00:22:11,500 Speaker 1: like through a journal that is subject to peer review. 373 00:22:12,510 --> 00:22:18,600 Speaker 1: Lastly on our list of six impossible episodes is Julie d'Aubigny, a.k.a. 374 00:22:18,660 --> 00:22:22,140 Speaker 1: La Maupin. We get a lot of requests for her. 375 00:22:22,820 --> 00:22:27,820 Speaker 1: She's portrayed as a swashbuckling, cross-dressing, bisexual opera singer with 376 00:22:27,880 --> 00:22:35,090 Speaker 1: romantic adventures to rival Casanova's. Which is pretty exciting. Lots 377 00:22:35,130 --> 00:22:37,690 Speaker 1: of the more recent requests are also accompanied with a 378 00:22:37,730 --> 00:22:40,090 Speaker 1: link to the post that was written about her at 379 00:22:40,130 --> 00:22:44,810 Speaker 1: the Rejected Princesses blog. Here is a snippet of her 380 00:22:44,910 --> 00:22:50,189 Speaker 1: entry in Curiosities of Biography or Memoirs of Wonderful and 381 00:22:50,250 --> 00:22:54,649 Speaker 1: Extraordinary Characters, which came out in 1845. This female, who 382 00:22:54,710 --> 00:22:57,790 Speaker 1: acquired extraordinary celebrity as a singer in France in the 383 00:22:58,030 --> 00:23:01,220 Speaker 1: 17th century, was one of the numerous instances in which 384 00:23:01,260 --> 00:23:05,419 Speaker 1: a stage heroine, fortified by public favor and presuming on 385 00:23:05,460 --> 00:23:08,899 Speaker 1: the magic of a melodious voice, defied the laws and 386 00:23:08,960 --> 00:23:12,419 Speaker 1: institutions of a country by which she was supported, and committed, 387 00:23:12,590 --> 00:23:17,570 Speaker 1: with impunity, crimes which would have doomed a common, unaccomplished desperado, 388 00:23:18,109 --> 00:23:24,070 Speaker 1: an ignominious death. This romantic and indecorous adventurer, who dressed, fought, 389 00:23:24,109 --> 00:23:26,790 Speaker 1: made love, and conquered like a man, having been married 390 00:23:26,830 --> 00:23:30,430 Speaker 1: at an early age, fortunately for her husband, Monsieur Maupin, 391 00:23:31,040 --> 00:23:33,899 Speaker 1: quitted him a few months after their nuptials for the 392 00:23:33,940 --> 00:23:37,680 Speaker 1: superior attractions of a fencing master, a weapon which she 393 00:23:37,859 --> 00:23:44,040 Speaker 1: afterwards handled with destructive dexterity against many antagonists. While today's 394 00:23:44,060 --> 00:23:46,939 Speaker 1: accounts of her tend to talk about her escapades pretty gleefully, 395 00:23:46,960 --> 00:23:52,590 Speaker 1: earlier retellings are unsurprisingly a bit less glowing. And this 396 00:23:52,630 --> 00:23:55,210 Speaker 1: particular account goes on to describe her wooing a young 397 00:23:55,270 --> 00:23:58,050 Speaker 1: lady and then, when that young lady had second thoughts, 398 00:23:58,369 --> 00:24:01,850 Speaker 1: burning down her house, which is where Lama Pan was staying, 399 00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:06,100 Speaker 1: abducting her and then holding her captive until they were discovered. 400 00:24:06,880 --> 00:24:09,600 Speaker 1: The trouble with an episode on Lama Pan is that 401 00:24:09,780 --> 00:24:13,280 Speaker 1: even the accounts of her from that time that she lived, 402 00:24:13,340 --> 00:24:17,230 Speaker 1: which was roughly 1670 to 1707, really read a lot 403 00:24:17,270 --> 00:24:20,830 Speaker 1: more like rumor than a factual account. And while there 404 00:24:21,030 --> 00:24:24,390 Speaker 1: are a couple of thorough-looking blog posts about her, some 405 00:24:24,430 --> 00:24:27,699 Speaker 1: of them are quite lengthy, mostly they are sourced in 406 00:24:27,780 --> 00:24:32,280 Speaker 1: kind of bits and pieces from introductions, footnotes, and asides 407 00:24:32,400 --> 00:24:35,820 Speaker 1: in other works. There's at least one novel about her, 408 00:24:35,980 --> 00:24:39,409 Speaker 1: but we can't use fiction as a source for our 409 00:24:39,450 --> 00:24:43,330 Speaker 1: history podcast because history and fiction are two different things, 410 00:24:43,650 --> 00:24:45,890 Speaker 1: sort of. I mean, you could make an argument that 411 00:24:46,190 --> 00:24:49,869 Speaker 1: all history is in some way fictitious, but A novel 412 00:24:49,950 --> 00:24:54,790 Speaker 1: is not a source that we could use about someone's life. Yeah, 413 00:24:54,830 --> 00:25:00,300 Speaker 1: since novels really generally make no assertion of historical accuracy, 414 00:25:00,560 --> 00:25:03,340 Speaker 1: like they're not held to that same standard, it's just 415 00:25:03,400 --> 00:25:05,950 Speaker 1: not a viable source to use. You can mention it. 416 00:25:05,960 --> 00:25:08,440 Speaker 1: We've mentioned it in other episodes where we go, oh, 417 00:25:08,440 --> 00:25:10,920 Speaker 1: there's this novel about it and there's some interesting info 418 00:25:10,960 --> 00:25:12,210 Speaker 1: that may or may not be true, but we can't 419 00:25:12,230 --> 00:25:15,230 Speaker 1: really use it as a primary source. No, unless we're... 420 00:25:16,350 --> 00:25:19,170 Speaker 1: Unless our episode is about the person who wrote the novel. Right. 421 00:25:19,210 --> 00:25:22,540 Speaker 1: Then it totally is relevant. And absolutely no shade to 422 00:25:22,600 --> 00:25:26,639 Speaker 1: Rejected Princesses in that assessment. Like, Rejected Princesses is awesome. 423 00:25:26,859 --> 00:25:29,640 Speaker 1: I love that blog. Me too. But for our purposes, 424 00:25:29,680 --> 00:25:34,280 Speaker 1: we need a little bit fewer layers of according to 425 00:25:34,340 --> 00:25:37,530 Speaker 1: so-and-so between us and the subject before we can really 426 00:25:37,790 --> 00:25:43,180 Speaker 1: talk about it really well. Yeah. We get so many 427 00:25:43,220 --> 00:25:44,939 Speaker 1: requests about her that are just like, oh, I love her. 428 00:25:44,980 --> 00:25:46,800 Speaker 1: She sounds awesome. Doesn't she sound awesome? You should do 429 00:25:46,840 --> 00:25:48,379 Speaker 1: an episode on her. She sounds awesome. And I'm like, 430 00:25:48,400 --> 00:25:53,240 Speaker 1: she does sound awesome. Sounds super awesome. She sounds super awesome. 431 00:25:53,920 --> 00:25:57,980 Speaker 1: But I can't really build a podcast episode on a 432 00:25:58,000 --> 00:26:01,820 Speaker 1: blog post that is sourcing footnotes of other books that 433 00:26:01,859 --> 00:26:05,180 Speaker 1: I can't go and read for myself for various reasons. Yeah. 434 00:26:06,080 --> 00:26:09,200 Speaker 1: So those are six things that we get requests for 435 00:26:09,340 --> 00:26:14,070 Speaker 1: all the time. but are impossible to do whole episodes on, 436 00:26:14,210 --> 00:26:16,990 Speaker 1: at least at this point. Yeah, so hopefully this gave 437 00:26:17,030 --> 00:26:18,850 Speaker 1: you a little bit of satisfaction, those of you that 438 00:26:18,890 --> 00:26:27,260 Speaker 1: are yearning for those episodes. I hope so. Thanks so 439 00:26:27,280 --> 00:26:30,159 Speaker 1: much for joining us on this Saturday. If you'd like 440 00:26:30,200 --> 00:26:33,270 Speaker 1: to send us a note, our email address is historypodcast 441 00:26:33,430 --> 00:26:37,440 Speaker 1: at iheartradio.com. And you can subscribe to the show on 442 00:26:37,460 --> 00:26:40,869 Speaker 1: the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to 443 00:26:40,910 --> 00:26:41,790 Speaker 1: your favorite shows.