WEBVTT - Part One: How Cigarettes Invented Everything 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:07.720 Oh, welcome once again to Behind the Bastards, the only 0:00:07.840 --> 0:00:13.000 podcast where the host regularly says that his show is 0:00:13.280 --> 0:00:17.599 cash money. Um, I'm I'm Robert Evans, here to talk 0:00:17.600 --> 0:00:21.360 with you about bad people. Sophie Lichtman seems very unhappy, 0:00:21.400 --> 0:00:25.560 which is not cash I just have extreme secondhand embarrassment. 0:00:26.079 --> 0:00:28.400 Well that's too bad, Sophie, because I'm bringing it back, 0:00:28.880 --> 0:00:32.360 bringing back the phrase. As you know, everything you do 0:00:32.640 --> 0:00:37.680 reflects on me for some god forsakend reason, that is 0:00:37.720 --> 0:00:42.360 not very cash money. I think it's extremely cash money 0:00:42.400 --> 0:00:45.000 off me. But here to be the tie breaking vote 0:00:45.280 --> 0:00:49.199 is James Stout. Now, James, you're British, so so the 0:00:49.200 --> 0:00:52.160 phrase cash money may not mean much to you in 0:00:52.159 --> 0:00:55.680 in your language, I would say it's drawings of an 0:00:55.720 --> 0:01:01.200 elderly man who's never worked today in his life. Yeah 0:01:01.240 --> 0:01:03.960 it is now is now? Cash money has very little 0:01:04.000 --> 0:01:06.240 value when it's tied to the life expectancy of an 0:01:06.280 --> 0:01:11.520 inbred old person with sausage fingers. I thought a bunch 0:01:11.600 --> 0:01:15.280 of different ways of describing the new bills with with 0:01:15.360 --> 0:01:18.280 King Charles on them. Um, part of me wanted to 0:01:18.319 --> 0:01:21.520 make a reference to the weird sex that got linked 0:01:21.520 --> 0:01:23.759 to him. In Camilla. Oh, I made I made an 0:01:23.760 --> 0:01:27.000 ethical decision that even the King of England deserves to 0:01:27.040 --> 0:01:31.119 have his sex be private. I just like, don't need 0:01:31.600 --> 0:01:37.040 nobody needs, okay, just but you don't want to think 0:01:37.080 --> 0:01:39.559 about him sneaking outside and what was it like getting 0:01:39.640 --> 0:01:43.200 his pajamas dirty and having his valet clean them. Yeah? 0:01:43.200 --> 0:01:46.240 That and his he's got some he's got a very 0:01:46.280 --> 0:01:51.560 specific kinks. Okay, yeah, yeah that's what as well as 0:01:51.600 --> 0:01:57.040 William Yeah, kinky little as this kink murdering his first wife. 0:01:57.080 --> 0:02:03.400 You know it's it's it's a tampon thing. Um yeah, okay, 0:02:04.680 --> 0:02:08.360 not expected. Yeah, we we know far too much about 0:02:08.400 --> 0:02:13.079 what Charles has been sending, um my heartbreaking amount. I 0:02:13.120 --> 0:02:15.960 would say, don't don't google it, Loo, I'm telling you 0:02:16.000 --> 0:02:21.920 the truth, but don't google this yar laptop anyway. So 0:02:21.960 --> 0:02:24.880 I just broke my promise right there not to not 0:02:24.960 --> 0:02:28.960 to laugh at the King of England's sexual escapades. James, 0:02:29.639 --> 0:02:34.840 how do you feel about cigarettes? Oh? I think the 0:02:34.919 --> 0:02:38.200 idea wasn't expecting that I kind of ambiguous. I guess, 0:02:38.480 --> 0:02:41.440 uh yeah. A lot of a lot of bad things 0:02:41.520 --> 0:02:45.360 happened because people like to smoke cigarettes. A lot of 0:02:45.360 --> 0:02:48.919 people like to get really really up in other people's 0:02:48.960 --> 0:02:51.760 business about smoking cigarettes. So it's it's a difficult one. 0:02:52.280 --> 0:02:55.400 I I have the same difficulty because on one hand, 0:02:55.520 --> 0:02:59.959 I'm kind of constitutionally anti prohibition, Like I don't think 0:03:00.240 --> 0:03:02.919 things should be illegal or illegal. I don't think the 0:03:02.960 --> 0:03:05.760 government should stop people from doing stuff just because it's 0:03:05.800 --> 0:03:09.160 bad for their health. Um. And I also see cultural 0:03:09.240 --> 0:03:11.840 value to an extent in cigarettes. I've had some memorable 0:03:12.000 --> 0:03:14.760 there's I tend to I tend to believe that every 0:03:14.800 --> 0:03:17.240 single drug, even the ones that we call bad drugs, 0:03:17.639 --> 0:03:20.680 has an ideal use case where it is is a 0:03:20.720 --> 0:03:24.639 societal good for the drug to be available, And for cigarettes, 0:03:24.760 --> 0:03:27.079 that good is when someone has just tried to kill you. 0:03:27.320 --> 0:03:30.720 There's a there's nothing like a cigarette someone's just trying 0:03:30.760 --> 0:03:33.480 to kill her, hurt you, which is why they're so 0:03:33.639 --> 0:03:38.119 value outside of British nightclub Yeah, exactly, thet You never 0:03:38.200 --> 0:03:41.200 know when a bottle is coming for your temple there yet, 0:03:41.320 --> 0:03:44.760 Yeah that's it. Um, you know, I I but I 0:03:44.800 --> 0:03:47.920 get it, like it's one of those things. The there 0:03:47.960 --> 0:03:50.280 was a need for a period of time where we 0:03:50.960 --> 0:03:55.080 attacked and demonized, particularly the tobacco industry because they lied 0:03:55.160 --> 0:03:58.080 to everybody about the health risks of cigarettes in a 0:03:58.120 --> 0:04:01.400 way that that caused that cause more lives maybe than 0:04:01.440 --> 0:04:04.960 all of the wars in the last centuries. It's kind 0:04:05.000 --> 0:04:09.720 of an unbelievable body count. Um. That said, I think 0:04:09.720 --> 0:04:13.640 today people throw down too much against smokers, and and 0:04:13.720 --> 0:04:16.200 maybe there's maybe maybe we shouldn't be quite so shitty 0:04:16.240 --> 0:04:18.760 to people who just happened to smoke cigarettes. But what 0:04:18.800 --> 0:04:22.400 I wanted to talk about this week is fucking the 0:04:22.560 --> 0:04:25.960 history of cigarettes. Because as I dug into this, I 0:04:25.960 --> 0:04:28.240 was initially planning just to do an episode on big 0:04:28.240 --> 0:04:33.000 tobacco and how they hid the health harms of cigarettes, 0:04:33.400 --> 0:04:35.920 and we will do those episodes. We're gonna talk about that, 0:04:36.000 --> 0:04:38.240 some of these we will do dedicated episodes on those. 0:04:38.520 --> 0:04:41.280 But as I got into the research, I was continually 0:04:41.320 --> 0:04:44.800 amazed by the extent to which cigarettes are responsible for 0:04:44.920 --> 0:04:48.120 most of like the things that we consider the modern world, 0:04:48.640 --> 0:04:52.520 like like the cigarettes, the in order to get people 0:04:52.560 --> 0:04:57.520 to smoke, the tobacco industry had to invent modern civilizations. Um. 0:04:57.560 --> 0:04:59.760 And that's that's a fascinating story and I just want 0:04:59.760 --> 0:05:00.960 to talk talk about it. Is one of those we're 0:05:00.960 --> 0:05:04.000 getting behind a bastard at this point. You know, when 0:05:04.040 --> 0:05:07.039 we're talking about the eighteen hundreds up through like the 0:05:07.080 --> 0:05:09.800 middle of the twentieth century, you're not a bad person 0:05:09.920 --> 0:05:12.560 for necessarily for trying to get people to smoke, because 0:05:12.560 --> 0:05:15.919 if it's nineteen o five, number one, cigarettes not a 0:05:15.960 --> 0:05:20.400 massive risk above like walking outside your door. But also 0:05:20.440 --> 0:05:23.760 you just don't have good data. So yeah, the ambient 0:05:23.880 --> 0:05:26.400 level of smoking is pretty high, just some existing in 0:05:26.440 --> 0:05:30.400 any other just from being around. We'll talk about that 0:05:30.440 --> 0:05:33.200 a bit, but first we have to do some prehistory. Now, 0:05:33.920 --> 0:05:36.600 we don't know exactly when the first human beings started 0:05:36.720 --> 0:05:40.000 smoking or otherwise ingesting tobacco for the first time, because 0:05:40.000 --> 0:05:43.120 there's a good chance the earliest tobacco users were not 0:05:43.320 --> 0:05:48.320 smoking it. Um. But we're broadly speaking, I mean, and 0:05:48.520 --> 0:05:52.040 there's debate about this too, but archaeologists can confirm that 0:05:52.080 --> 0:05:56.120 by at latest the first century BC, the Maya people 0:05:56.240 --> 0:05:58.800 of Central America were using tobacco as a part of 0:05:58.839 --> 0:06:01.760 their religious rituals um and they were both smoking it 0:06:01.880 --> 0:06:04.960 and like inhaling it uh in kind of a similar 0:06:04.960 --> 0:06:08.320 way to snuff. Right, you can snort tobacco if it's 0:06:08.360 --> 0:06:12.360 ground ground. Finally enough, they probably also chewed it. Uh, 0:06:12.400 --> 0:06:14.400 there were a couple of different devices they had for 0:06:14.680 --> 0:06:17.520 smoking it, and we don't we we will never know 0:06:17.600 --> 0:06:19.560 which was like the first, right, like we just know 0:06:19.640 --> 0:06:22.320 which ones we kind of have written records of earliest. 0:06:22.360 --> 0:06:24.400 But a lot of those written records come from Europeans, 0:06:24.400 --> 0:06:27.080 so obviously that's a long time after they would have 0:06:27.080 --> 0:06:31.039 started using them. Um. But and it and again there's 0:06:31.040 --> 0:06:32.800 even some debate as to like, well, we're the Maya, 0:06:32.839 --> 0:06:35.600 the first people who were cultivating tobacco, and probably the 0:06:35.640 --> 0:06:38.640 answer to that is no. But we certainly know the Maya. 0:06:38.720 --> 0:06:42.039 We're cultivating tobacco in the first century BC, and it's 0:06:42.040 --> 0:06:45.920 spread from Central America to the Mississippi Valley and beyond 0:06:45.960 --> 0:06:48.720 and was quickly adopted by neighboring people's from like four 0:06:48.839 --> 0:06:51.040 hundred to seven hundred a d is when you see 0:06:51.080 --> 0:06:53.159 most most of this spread, and it makes it all 0:06:53.200 --> 0:06:56.160 the way out to the fucking Caribbean. Oh yeah, that's 0:06:56.200 --> 0:06:59.159 where Columbus rant into it at first. Right, that is 0:06:59.200 --> 0:07:01.719 exactly the thing that happens in this episode of James 0:07:02.040 --> 0:07:06.760 Christopher Goddamn Columbus becomes the first European to encounter tobacco, 0:07:06.960 --> 0:07:09.640 which was being smoked by the natives of Hispaniola which 0:07:09.680 --> 0:07:12.720 is modern day Haiti and the Dominican Republic via a 0:07:12.760 --> 0:07:15.840 weird two pronged nose pipe. So they would they would 0:07:15.880 --> 0:07:18.120 smoke it, but they would like inhale it through this 0:07:18.160 --> 0:07:21.920 pipe that like smoke all kind of situation. Yeah, it 0:07:21.920 --> 0:07:23.360 looks a little bit. It looks a little bit like 0:07:23.400 --> 0:07:28.440 a canula. Okay, yeah, like a nasal canula. I made 0:07:28.480 --> 0:07:31.080 from my book A Brief History of Vice. I recreated 0:07:31.120 --> 0:07:33.680 these pipes as best I could. I would up actually 0:07:33.720 --> 0:07:35.960 using the stock of dried like the dried stock of 0:07:36.000 --> 0:07:38.320 marijuana plants, because it's hollow, and so I just had 0:07:38.360 --> 0:07:41.440 to kind of find why bends that were the right shape. Um, 0:07:41.480 --> 0:07:43.440 that's obviously. I don't think what they would have used. 0:07:43.480 --> 0:07:45.560 I don't know what they plant they would have used 0:07:45.600 --> 0:07:49.880 for it. But you do get pretty fucked up when 0:07:49.920 --> 0:07:56.400 you smoke raw nicotina rustica through directly into your mucus membrane. Yeah, 0:07:56.440 --> 0:07:58.440 I can see that one being pretty rough on the 0:07:58.440 --> 0:08:02.200 old excited sis. I would not, It's it's one of 0:08:02.200 --> 0:08:04.960 those things you have to divorce kind of if you're 0:08:04.960 --> 0:08:08.040 thinking about tobacco in this period from modern day because 0:08:08.040 --> 0:08:11.200 it's not number one, most people smoking it. This is 0:08:11.200 --> 0:08:13.760 not a habitual thing for them. It's a ritual thing 0:08:13.800 --> 0:08:16.720 for them. Right. There are people, certainly by the time 0:08:16.720 --> 0:08:19.960 Columbus it's Hispaniola, who seem to just do it recreationally. 0:08:20.280 --> 0:08:22.680 But for the most part, most people's encounters with tobacco 0:08:22.800 --> 0:08:26.360 is probably in like a very um kind of fairly 0:08:26.400 --> 0:08:31.240 strict ritual sense. Uh. And and also it's pretty uncommon 0:08:31.280 --> 0:08:33.960 to have like a habit. Even the people who would 0:08:33.960 --> 0:08:35.960 be heavy smokers, I doubt are smoking more than the 0:08:35.960 --> 0:08:38.840 equivalent of a couple of cigarettes in a day, um, 0:08:38.880 --> 0:08:40.560 in part because it's kind of hard to when you're 0:08:40.600 --> 0:08:44.560 smoking them. But right, Yeah, there's a lot of work 0:08:44.640 --> 0:08:47.880 that imagine goes into producing a nose cigarette, from growing 0:08:47.880 --> 0:08:52.600 the tobacco, drying get out, and yeah, that's a lot 0:08:52.600 --> 0:08:56.160 of work. And you also you can't smoke just when 0:08:56.200 --> 0:08:59.400 you when you want to fix because you don't have lighters, 0:08:59.600 --> 0:09:03.400 you don't have matches, right like fire Obviously, the people 0:09:03.440 --> 0:09:05.800 who are living, you know, in these places are a 0:09:05.840 --> 0:09:08.200 lot better at starting fires than most people in the 0:09:08.240 --> 0:09:11.200 modern world are. But it's still not nearly as easy, right, Like, 0:09:11.240 --> 0:09:13.160 you're not gonna just make a fire because you want 0:09:13.160 --> 0:09:17.400 like a fucking smoke in the like, yeah, get a 0:09:17.440 --> 0:09:21.400 piece of wood out. So again, smoking even when it's 0:09:21.440 --> 0:09:25.160 not like for a religious purpose, it's probably broadly like Okay, 0:09:25.240 --> 0:09:27.680 it's meal time and we'll smoke after the meal, right, 0:09:27.760 --> 0:09:30.280 or like smoke before because we've we've got the fire going, 0:09:30.360 --> 0:09:32.440 or it's nighttime, we're cooling down, we've got the fire going. 0:09:32.440 --> 0:09:36.160 You know, now we can smoke tonight. Um. Like, generally, 0:09:36.200 --> 0:09:40.640 that's probably how it would have gone when Columbus winds up, 0:09:40.679 --> 0:09:43.720 you know, meeting these people in Foo and watching them smoke. 0:09:43.800 --> 0:09:45.720 They actually hand him tobacco and he doesn't know what 0:09:45.760 --> 0:09:49.120 to do with it until he watches them smoke it, um, 0:09:49.160 --> 0:09:51.360 and he sees he encounters a couple of different methods. 0:09:51.360 --> 0:09:54.480 He sees the nose pipes. He also sees people wrapping 0:09:54.520 --> 0:09:58.120 tobacco leaves with corn husks, which is probably the first 0:09:58.160 --> 0:10:02.360 cigarettes in this Yeah. Uh, it's also worth knowing that 0:10:02.440 --> 0:10:06.200 over in Cuba people would wrap their tobacco in tobacco leaves, 0:10:06.360 --> 0:10:09.920 so they were again like hundreds and hundreds of years 0:10:09.960 --> 0:10:13.520 ago smoking cigars and cube. That actually goes back really 0:10:13.559 --> 0:10:17.480 fucking far, probably more than a thousand years, people have 0:10:17.520 --> 0:10:20.600 been smoking something broadly similar to a cigar in in 0:10:20.600 --> 0:10:23.240 that that's pretty cool. It is kind of neat, right, 0:10:23.520 --> 0:10:26.920 I enjoy Yeah, Yeah, there are many things that we consume, 0:10:27.000 --> 0:10:29.079 I guess, you know, sometimes we freeze vegetables and stuff, 0:10:29.080 --> 0:10:31.400 but it's not much that we consume that people consumed 0:10:31.920 --> 0:10:36.160 a thousand years ago and made in a pretty similar fashion. Right, 0:10:36.200 --> 0:10:39.120 Like I've been to a Cuban cigar factory. Is still 0:10:39.160 --> 0:10:41.360 like rolled by hand. We're gonna talk about that a 0:10:41.400 --> 0:10:45.440 lot in these episodes, but yeah, they they obviously different 0:10:45.440 --> 0:10:48.640 techniques have become popular over time, and you get better 0:10:48.679 --> 0:10:50.320 at it the way you get in anything. I'm sure 0:10:50.480 --> 0:10:53.840 modern cigars are much tighter and you know, together better 0:10:53.880 --> 0:10:58.440 than cigars in two did. But broadly speaking, like part 0:10:58.520 --> 0:11:01.360 I mean, like I'm a car smoker, I tend to 0:11:01.400 --> 0:11:05.640 think Cuban cigars are are the best, Uh, I like 0:11:05.760 --> 0:11:09.000 to Yeah. Throughout the tragic that the cultural inheritance of 0:11:09.040 --> 0:11:12.080 that today, it's like guys who think that they shooting 0:11:12.720 --> 0:11:16.960 the entire Republican Party. Yes, yeah, like Ben Shapiro and 0:11:17.040 --> 0:11:20.320 friends pretending to perform masculinity and then like going off 0:11:20.320 --> 0:11:22.640 to coff and be sick. Yeah, I mean it's it's 0:11:22.640 --> 0:11:25.599 a bummer they are. You know, I'm not a I 0:11:25.920 --> 0:11:29.559 tend to like I've tried to read a cigar aficionado 0:11:29.640 --> 0:11:32.120 magazine once and it had too many It had too 0:11:32.160 --> 0:11:35.200 many made up words. They use words, and it's not 0:11:35.280 --> 0:11:38.960 like like liquor, you know, number one liquor actually does 0:11:39.080 --> 0:11:40.880 like oh, sometimes you get a bourbon and like, oh 0:11:40.880 --> 0:11:43.040 this this almost tastes more like a coffee, or there's 0:11:43.080 --> 0:11:45.200 like this, this one's sweeter. It's got this like rich 0:11:45.240 --> 0:11:49.800 body fucking like cigars are are smoother or not. But like, 0:11:50.040 --> 0:11:51.480 I don't know, I'll read them. They'll be like oh 0:11:51.480 --> 0:11:53.720 and when you on the on the retro hail, you 0:11:53.760 --> 0:11:56.640 get this like taste of orange and juniper, and I'm like, no, 0:11:56.840 --> 0:12:00.720 you fucking don't. There's no juniper and this sucking cigar. 0:12:01.160 --> 0:12:07.600 What is wrong with you? People? Go to hell tobacco. 0:12:08.800 --> 0:12:12.520 It's unreal. The most pretentious thing that you can that 0:12:12.640 --> 0:12:17.720 you can do is be a cigar efficient unreal. Just 0:12:17.720 --> 0:12:22.320 just smoke, just kill yourself slowly. It's fine. Um anyway, 0:12:22.400 --> 0:12:24.280 that's kind of cute cool that Cubans have been making 0:12:24.360 --> 0:12:28.320 cigars for hundreds and hundreds of years. Uh, Now there 0:12:28.360 --> 0:12:31.559 were Like, as I said, the way that people most 0:12:31.600 --> 0:12:34.240 often used tobacco in the Americas was in religious rights. 0:12:34.280 --> 0:12:36.880 And when I'm taught, they're not just like smoking to 0:12:36.960 --> 0:12:39.520 get that kind of little buzz you get from tobacco. 0:12:40.120 --> 0:12:42.600 The way in which most of these indigenous groups would 0:12:42.600 --> 0:12:45.200 have used tobacco was as a psychotropic right, like they 0:12:45.280 --> 0:12:50.560 are like basically tripping on this stuff. Okay, tobacco can 0:12:50.559 --> 0:12:54.360 be can cause hallucinations and high enough doses. Um, it's 0:12:54.400 --> 0:12:56.880 a it's a powerful mind altering drug when you are 0:12:56.920 --> 0:13:01.720 taking like massive quantities and were Number One, the tobacco 0:13:01.800 --> 0:13:04.480 they're smoking is different than the tobacco that we cultivate. 0:13:04.520 --> 0:13:06.880 It's a lot stronger, and the way they're doing it 0:13:06.960 --> 0:13:08.680 is different. So one of the most common ways that 0:13:08.720 --> 0:13:11.640 people would take tobacco in a ritual setting is the 0:13:11.720 --> 0:13:14.040 chief or kind of religious And there's a bunch of 0:13:14.040 --> 0:13:17.079 different terms for local sort of religious and political leaders 0:13:17.080 --> 0:13:20.320 and whatnot. But that dude would inhale a bunch of 0:13:20.360 --> 0:13:23.679 smokes straight up raw from like a burning like hunk 0:13:23.720 --> 0:13:26.760 of tobacco, and then he would basically shotgun it into 0:13:26.760 --> 0:13:31.320 the mouths of the people participating in it. Um And 0:13:31.320 --> 0:13:33.640 obviously you're getting a lot of smoke that way, like 0:13:33.640 --> 0:13:37.800 you're gonna get pretty messed up. But um, and it's again, 0:13:38.080 --> 0:13:40.320 you know, it's as silly as this is probably not 0:13:40.400 --> 0:13:42.720 all that bad for you when you consider everything people 0:13:42.720 --> 0:13:45.360 are doing in a thousand a d or whatever. Right, Like, 0:13:45.400 --> 0:13:47.319 if you if a couple of times a year you're 0:13:47.440 --> 0:13:50.920 you're shot getting some tobacco, that's not gonna be Yeah, 0:13:51.000 --> 0:13:53.360 your life expectancy isn't long enough for that to be 0:13:53.440 --> 0:13:56.520 the thing that kills you in most cases, right, Yeah, 0:13:56.800 --> 0:13:58.959 one of the other thousand things it's going to kill 0:13:59.000 --> 0:14:02.640 you that we've a limit. Yeah, And it's also worth 0:14:02.679 --> 0:14:05.400 noting that there were a number of health uses of tobacco. 0:14:05.600 --> 0:14:10.480 It was probably the first effective um insect repellent. One 0:14:10.480 --> 0:14:12.520 of those combinations of it was to just rub it 0:14:12.559 --> 0:14:14.640 all over your skin, because tobacco is coated in an 0:14:14.640 --> 0:14:18.280 oil like that is. Bugs don't it kills bugs like 0:14:18.320 --> 0:14:21.080 they don't They don't like um No, I mean, obviously 0:14:21.120 --> 0:14:23.480 there are specific bugs that do feed on tobacco, but 0:14:23.520 --> 0:14:25.440 for the most part, it keeps insects away. So people 0:14:25.440 --> 0:14:27.880 would rub it on themselves, um that, or they would 0:14:27.880 --> 0:14:30.080 also bathe in the smoke before like going in and 0:14:30.160 --> 0:14:31.920 hunting in the bush and stuff, in order to keep 0:14:32.000 --> 0:14:34.840 bugs off of them. It could work as a tranquilizer. 0:14:34.920 --> 0:14:37.440 It was used to help put people to sleep. Uh 0:14:37.560 --> 0:14:39.440 One of the things that I tried for my book 0:14:39.520 --> 0:14:42.840 was mixing it with urine and garlic in order to 0:14:43.080 --> 0:14:46.480 create uh an a medic and like a constipation remedy. 0:14:46.520 --> 0:14:50.360 And it does work for that. I don't recommend following 0:14:50.360 --> 0:14:52.560 that up, but it does. It does do what it 0:14:52.600 --> 0:14:56.560 says it. So there were a number of uses for 0:14:56.640 --> 0:15:00.000 Native Americans of tobacco that absolutely work in a medical contact. 0:15:00.120 --> 0:15:02.560 There were also some that did not. For example, it 0:15:02.640 --> 0:15:04.840 was often given to people as a treatment for asthma. 0:15:05.080 --> 0:15:08.560 Tobacco does not help with asthma. Yeah, yeah, I think 0:15:09.680 --> 0:15:15.400 helping you don't. But also yeah, that's sort of thing 0:15:15.440 --> 0:15:18.480 that went away, like it just you know, that's we're 0:15:18.560 --> 0:15:22.520 not like that historically separated from people smoking to clear 0:15:22.560 --> 0:15:25.680 the lungs, right exactly. And it's also some of the time, 0:15:25.760 --> 0:15:27.760 a lot of the times when these indigenous people would 0:15:27.760 --> 0:15:30.960 have been taking tobacco to clear up their asthma, it 0:15:31.040 --> 0:15:32.840 might not have been smoked as often as it was, 0:15:32.880 --> 0:15:35.320 like taken as a t um and this can also 0:15:35.360 --> 0:15:38.479 be toxic. People die. One of the things like ayahuasca 0:15:38.520 --> 0:15:41.600 ceremonies are very famous in the West. Now, one of 0:15:41.640 --> 0:15:44.480 the things that some groups do in their ceremonies is 0:15:44.480 --> 0:15:47.520 they precede the ayahuasca with the tobacco t And there's 0:15:47.520 --> 0:15:50.680 a couple of cases of people dying in ayahuasca ceremonies. Now, 0:15:50.760 --> 0:15:52.840 I don't know if that's because the t is just 0:15:52.920 --> 0:15:56.520 always dangerous or because these specific folks that we're doing it, 0:15:56.560 --> 0:15:58.360 we're kind of like grifters and didn't know what they 0:15:58.400 --> 0:16:00.600 were doing and weren't actually doing at the true aditional way. 0:16:01.160 --> 0:16:04.680 I'm not sure if that that information exists properly, but 0:16:04.760 --> 0:16:06.480 this is another way people would take it as a 0:16:06.480 --> 0:16:09.480 t which don't don't take tobacco. It's actually pretty easy 0:16:09.520 --> 0:16:12.840 to kill yourself by ingesting tobacco. Please don't do that. 0:16:14.760 --> 0:16:16.480 I know every now and again, like a pet will 0:16:16.520 --> 0:16:19.520 eat a bunch of cigarettes. Yea, kill the ship out 0:16:19.520 --> 0:16:23.400 of you. It's extremely deadly tobacco um. But you know, 0:16:23.560 --> 0:16:26.760 interesting plant. So the Portuguese were the first Europeans to 0:16:26.800 --> 0:16:30.680 begin cultivating tobacco for export to Europe. In fifteen sixty four, 0:16:30.760 --> 0:16:33.560 a Royal Navy captain brought the leaf to Ingleland, and 0:16:33.600 --> 0:16:36.960 despite early opposition from people who considered a filthy, foul 0:16:37.040 --> 0:16:42.080 drug for foreigners, it took off their like wildfire. Yeah, 0:16:42.120 --> 0:16:44.880 I just loved it. Like an immediate British or English 0:16:44.880 --> 0:16:48.680 response was just like start was then a phobia here, 0:16:48.920 --> 0:16:51.520 and then move along from there and work out well, 0:16:51.640 --> 0:16:53.400 drugs could have kind of picture part of all of 0:16:53.440 --> 0:16:57.760 our lives and in Europe. In the UK, the story 0:16:57.800 --> 0:17:00.040 with tobacco was similar to the story with coffee, and 0:17:00.160 --> 0:17:02.520 that a bunch of like weirdo Christians are like, this 0:17:02.680 --> 0:17:05.320 is a heathen drug, we shouldn't do it. And then 0:17:05.440 --> 0:17:07.880 some king will like pick up a cigarette or drink 0:17:07.920 --> 0:17:09.680 some coffee and be like, hell, yeah, this ship is 0:17:09.680 --> 0:17:12.120 actually pretty dope. You know what. I think We're fine 0:17:12.160 --> 0:17:15.880 with tobacco. Yeah. Yeah. In coffee's case, it was literally 0:17:15.960 --> 0:17:17.960 the Pope being like, oh, this stuff rules, you know what, 0:17:18.080 --> 0:17:20.639 I'm just gonna baptize it. I'm just gonna baptize coffee 0:17:20.680 --> 0:17:23.320 now Christians can have it. And then God changed his 0:17:23.400 --> 0:17:27.840 mind just like that. Yeah, omnipp being omnipotent, being amazing stuff. 0:17:28.280 --> 0:17:30.440 It would be. I would give a lot of kudos 0:17:30.480 --> 0:17:33.000 to the Pope if he just baptized marijuana so that 0:17:33.119 --> 0:17:37.320 Catholics could sue the federal government restricting it. Just imagining 0:17:37.400 --> 0:17:42.399 came doing fentanyl, like the Pope bless us to protect 0:17:42.480 --> 0:17:45.680 the kids. Yeah, he's dropped it in the fund says 0:17:45.760 --> 0:17:50.080 this ship's red. Two babies are going to have a 0:17:50.200 --> 0:17:54.920 rough one. Now put some final in the baptismal font Yeah, 0:17:55.760 --> 0:17:57.920 you're gonna want to give them some narcn They're not 0:17:58.080 --> 0:18:02.199 going to have a good time. That's what we call 0:18:02.600 --> 0:18:07.000 na because that was a That was a church joke 0:18:07.160 --> 0:18:11.920 for you you kids anyway, Uh yeah, you know. Yeah. 0:18:12.040 --> 0:18:16.359 So the English start smoking tobacco. Uh. It gets cultivated 0:18:16.480 --> 0:18:19.199 in the Jamestown settlement in the seventeenth century, and by 0:18:19.200 --> 0:18:22.720 the seventeen thirties, the English colonies in Virginia had tobacco 0:18:22.880 --> 0:18:26.600 factories that were manufacturing significant quantities of the stuff, mostly 0:18:26.720 --> 0:18:29.320 is snuff, which was either inhaled or shoot. That is 0:18:29.400 --> 0:18:33.280 the predominant way to consume tobacco in the kind of 0:18:33.359 --> 0:18:37.680 the early period of colonization of the America's um was 0:18:37.760 --> 0:18:39.800 it like because you see pictures of them sometimes and 0:18:39.840 --> 0:18:42.280 they got the old timey pipe right, like the long 0:18:42.400 --> 0:18:45.200 pipe with a little ball. Ye yeah, is that like 0:18:45.280 --> 0:18:47.520 a class thing? Is that like I can afford to 0:18:47.840 --> 0:18:51.040 have a pipe in your con some of its class 0:18:51.240 --> 0:18:56.280 cigars are generally like more expensive. Um, snuff is very cheap. 0:18:56.840 --> 0:18:59.560 The other thing though, is that again not easy to 0:18:59.760 --> 0:19:02.280 get access to stuff to light a pipe or to 0:19:02.400 --> 0:19:05.000 light a cigar. So if you're smoking a pipe or cigar, 0:19:05.080 --> 0:19:07.119 you're probably in your home right, so you know, the 0:19:07.240 --> 0:19:09.200 beginning of the day or the end of the day, 0:19:09.359 --> 0:19:11.600 or maybe in like the midday for a meal, you 0:19:11.680 --> 0:19:14.280 could have a smoke. But it's not convenient. You can't 0:19:14.280 --> 0:19:15.880 just light a pipe when you're out in the field 0:19:15.920 --> 0:19:17.359 because like you don't just have a thing that's on 0:19:17.480 --> 0:19:20.640 fire with you at all times. Um. But you can 0:19:20.680 --> 0:19:25.760 take snuff any time a day. And it's addictive, yeah, yeah, 0:19:25.840 --> 0:19:30.160 extremely and it's and it's and it's incredibly addictive. Uh 0:19:30.400 --> 0:19:33.359 So all of the colonizing powers competed for a share 0:19:33.440 --> 0:19:37.720 of the emerging global tobacco market. And again it's incredibly addictive. 0:19:37.760 --> 0:19:41.040 So there's enough interest very quickly to spur rapid innovation 0:19:41.080 --> 0:19:43.919 in the field. In eighteen forty three, a French company 0:19:43.960 --> 0:19:46.680 given a monopoly over tobacco by King Louis the fourteenth 0:19:46.960 --> 0:19:51.399 starts manufacturing the very first close to modern cigarettes. Now 0:19:51.960 --> 0:19:55.000 people had been smoking again when Columbus lends up, they 0:19:55.000 --> 0:19:57.359 see people like wrapping ship and corn cobs. Those are 0:19:57.400 --> 0:19:59.840 like for for a couple of centuries, that's how you 0:20:00.000 --> 0:20:02.320 smoke a cigarette. You get a corn cob. Sometimes you 0:20:02.400 --> 0:20:05.159 get like old paper, like newspaper, like just kind of 0:20:05.280 --> 0:20:07.960 whatever papery thing. You can fill it with tobacco and 0:20:08.040 --> 0:20:12.440 smoke it, you know. And then the friendship in goal 0:20:12.640 --> 0:20:17.440 was and have never changed, the friendship and goats, which 0:20:17.480 --> 0:20:20.320 are which are still the worst cigarettes on the market. 0:20:20.840 --> 0:20:25.240 They're still smoking something close to modern cigarettes today. Yeah, 0:20:25.400 --> 0:20:27.840 that was Those were the most common cigarettes we smoked 0:20:27.920 --> 0:20:29.760 in Syria, and it was like the goal was that 0:20:29.840 --> 0:20:32.639 you couldn't sell in France because the tobacco was still low. 0:20:32.760 --> 0:20:40.000 Great yeah, God, what a horrible cigarette. Yeah, but it's 0:20:40.040 --> 0:20:43.040 just yeah, it's yeah everywhere. I just have a lot 0:20:43.119 --> 0:20:47.080 of memories of like bike racing in France and having 0:20:47.160 --> 0:20:50.040 to go in to sign on to these races, and 0:20:50.119 --> 0:20:52.560 like you walk in and you just like it's like 0:20:53.080 --> 0:20:55.119 like they used to do in nightclubs with the smoke machine. 0:20:55.240 --> 0:20:57.680 You know, just like yeah, yeah, like you are also 0:20:57.960 --> 0:21:00.600 enough to experience like smoking inside in which isn't a 0:21:00.680 --> 0:21:02.840 thing anymore. And you go and you come out, you're like, 0:21:02.840 --> 0:21:04.320 thought that was good for me. And then you see 0:21:04.359 --> 0:21:06.320 the guy who has never going to kick your ass 0:21:06.400 --> 0:21:08.080 in the race, or it's after the race and the 0:21:08.119 --> 0:21:10.920 guy has just won the race is having a fucking cigarette, 0:21:11.440 --> 0:21:16.280 and like, just remember being one of the most COMMI experiences. Yeah, 0:21:16.880 --> 0:21:20.800 he said to the pharmaceutical industry is what he is. Look, kids, 0:21:20.920 --> 0:21:23.480 if you want to know what it's like to walk 0:21:23.520 --> 0:21:26.560 around in a world where people smoke indoors constantly and 0:21:26.640 --> 0:21:31.439 in all places, there's an option. Fly to Serbia. Belgrade. 0:21:31.480 --> 0:21:34.680 Will Belgrade will teach you what the seventies was like 0:21:36.480 --> 0:21:39.280 more ways one yeah and I in a number of ways. 0:21:39.720 --> 0:21:45.200 You'll learn about the seventies in Belgrade. Bang in hack Man. 0:21:45.880 --> 0:21:50.480 The track suits there are unreal. There's coming back. That's 0:21:50.520 --> 0:21:53.840 there's a cycle again. When we're talking about what actually 0:21:54.080 --> 0:22:00.119 is like a culturally beautiful use for cigarettes. Squatting in 0:22:00.160 --> 0:22:03.560 a field with your buddies in a track suit and smoke. God, 0:22:03.640 --> 0:22:09.200 it's incredible cultured experience burning through a pack of knockoff 0:22:09.320 --> 0:22:13.760