1 00:00:08,720 --> 00:00:11,720 Speaker 1: Hello, and welcome to food Stuff. I'm an erie and 2 00:00:11,800 --> 00:00:14,680 Speaker 1: I'm going vocal bam, and today we're going to be 3 00:00:14,800 --> 00:00:18,239 Speaker 1: talking about marshmallows. Yes, we we've got kind of a 4 00:00:18,280 --> 00:00:20,560 Speaker 1: one to punch for you for opening up your summer. 5 00:00:20,600 --> 00:00:24,319 Speaker 1: Are we doing marshmallows and then Graham crackers. Yes, and 6 00:00:24,400 --> 00:00:28,080 Speaker 1: we will get to chocolate. Oh, don't worry. Oh yeah, eventually. 7 00:00:28,560 --> 00:00:30,520 Speaker 1: This is what we're We're lucky here in Atlanta to 8 00:00:30,560 --> 00:00:33,000 Speaker 1: have a number of people who do um a full 9 00:00:33,520 --> 00:00:35,959 Speaker 1: like bean to bar chocolate, and so we really want 10 00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:37,560 Speaker 1: to go talk to some of them before we start 11 00:00:37,600 --> 00:00:41,360 Speaker 1: off on a chocolate we search endeavor like it'll be 12 00:00:41,400 --> 00:00:45,360 Speaker 1: a chocolate rabbit hole. Oh yeah, oh man, that's a 13 00:00:45,360 --> 00:00:48,440 Speaker 1: delicious rabbit hole. But we did go on a delicious 14 00:00:48,520 --> 00:00:54,680 Speaker 1: marshmallow rabbit hole. We visited mal v marshmallows in Incoming, Georgia. Yeah, 15 00:00:55,120 --> 00:00:58,640 Speaker 1: they do ship everywhere, though they are not like everywhere everywhere. 16 00:00:58,680 --> 00:01:04,600 Speaker 1: I think it's like United States, United States everywhere? Sorry everybody. Yes, um, yeah, 17 00:01:04,640 --> 00:01:08,640 Speaker 1: we ate so many marshmallows. Oh they were so delicious. 18 00:01:08,840 --> 00:01:16,160 Speaker 1: They were Oh, handmade marshmallows are nothing like manufactured marshmallows basically, Yes, 19 00:01:16,200 --> 00:01:18,800 Speaker 1: this is one I would say. It's completely different, almost 20 00:01:18,840 --> 00:01:21,360 Speaker 1: completely different from what you bind the store. What do 21 00:01:21,400 --> 00:01:24,080 Speaker 1: you make at home. It's the same concept though, yes, 22 00:01:24,400 --> 00:01:30,440 Speaker 1: because marshmallows, as you know. Oh no, are there people 23 00:01:30,440 --> 00:01:35,479 Speaker 1: out there who don't know marshmallows. Yeah, we must explain. Yes, 24 00:01:35,800 --> 00:01:40,280 Speaker 1: they are like a puffy, white, air smushy sweet treat 25 00:01:40,880 --> 00:01:44,679 Speaker 1: that are typically encountered in the West around Easter time 26 00:01:45,160 --> 00:01:47,800 Speaker 1: or in the summer as the goo that finds together 27 00:01:47,880 --> 00:01:51,640 Speaker 1: some moores hins marshmallows with Graham crackers for the summertime, 28 00:01:52,240 --> 00:01:55,960 Speaker 1: or at least that's what I thought, because apparently a 29 00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:59,960 Speaker 1: majority of the ninety million pounds and a million pi 30 00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:04,000 Speaker 1: of marshmallows Americans by annually, and we are the number 31 00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:08,240 Speaker 1: one consumer, are purchased between the months of October and December, 32 00:02:09,080 --> 00:02:15,880 Speaker 1: which I I guess like hot chocolate toppings, sweet potato castuals. 33 00:02:16,120 --> 00:02:18,000 Speaker 1: I don't put marshalls on there, but I hear people 34 00:02:18,000 --> 00:02:21,280 Speaker 1: do in Ambrosia. That's that's how I had a growing up. Yeah, 35 00:02:21,400 --> 00:02:25,919 Speaker 1: Ambrosia salad um, Christmas cookies maybe as an ingredient, right, 36 00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:28,320 Speaker 1: and um, when I brought this up, it's kind of 37 00:02:28,360 --> 00:02:32,320 Speaker 1: a weird fact at Malby Marshmallows Um, the owner of Laura. 38 00:02:32,720 --> 00:02:36,880 Speaker 1: She said, they're just good Christmas gifts, So I guess 39 00:02:36,880 --> 00:02:39,760 Speaker 1: that makes sense. I guess Nancy marshmallows anywhere and good 40 00:02:39,800 --> 00:02:42,400 Speaker 1: Christmas GIFs. You better not killy like a bag of 41 00:02:42,520 --> 00:02:46,320 Speaker 1: hor I'll be pretty mad for a little bit, then 42 00:02:46,360 --> 00:02:50,920 Speaker 1: I'll be fine. I'm pretty sure you would just eat them. Yeah, 43 00:02:51,160 --> 00:02:54,080 Speaker 1: aren't you, Chris, which is how I prefer them. Oh yeah, yeah, 44 00:02:54,240 --> 00:02:58,760 Speaker 1: I totally yeah, I like mine. I don't know, I 45 00:02:58,800 --> 00:03:02,880 Speaker 1: like them both ways. I like nice, gentle toast, even toast, 46 00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:04,960 Speaker 1: and then I like burning the crap out of some 47 00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:10,600 Speaker 1: of them. So like marshmallow SMOs. These things are very important. 48 00:03:10,600 --> 00:03:14,080 Speaker 1: It's a different animal once it's burnt. It's true. Another 49 00:03:14,160 --> 00:03:19,520 Speaker 1: random facts leone. That's how I would say it in French. 50 00:03:19,560 --> 00:03:22,320 Speaker 1: I'm probably I'm gonna go ahead and say that it's 51 00:03:22,360 --> 00:03:26,079 Speaker 1: Linda Near. It's probably Linda Near. You're absolutely correct. It's 52 00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:28,400 Speaker 1: it's a noble county, Indiana, though it's it's the name 53 00:03:28,440 --> 00:03:30,400 Speaker 1: of This is the name of a town. Yes, and 54 00:03:30,480 --> 00:03:34,400 Speaker 1: it is the marshmallow capital of the world. Um. That 55 00:03:34,600 --> 00:03:39,040 Speaker 1: is because both Kraft and kid have marshmallow plants there 56 00:03:40,040 --> 00:03:44,960 Speaker 1: to arrival marshmallow plants in the same town. Interesting, they 57 00:03:44,960 --> 00:03:48,720 Speaker 1: have an annual marshmallow festival. When is it? I don't know. 58 00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:54,320 Speaker 1: I need to find that out. Marshmallows, meanwhile, are actually 59 00:03:54,320 --> 00:03:59,560 Speaker 1: about eight air sounds like something my dad would say 60 00:03:59,560 --> 00:04:09,160 Speaker 1: about my brain anyway. These days, most commercial marshmalls are 61 00:04:09,200 --> 00:04:13,120 Speaker 1: generally made up of some combination of sugar, egg whites, gelatine, 62 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:18,600 Speaker 1: corn syrup flavorings like vanilla, and water with a cornstarch 63 00:04:18,800 --> 00:04:22,800 Speaker 1: or confectioner sugar coating. UM. But the first marshmallows were 64 00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:26,320 Speaker 1: derived from a muca see sap of the mallow plant 65 00:04:26,960 --> 00:04:31,360 Speaker 1: scientific name Alphea officia analysis which likes to grow in marshes. 66 00:04:32,200 --> 00:04:37,599 Speaker 1: Get it, marsh mallow. It makes complete sense. Marshmallow. Yes. Yes. 67 00:04:38,040 --> 00:04:40,760 Speaker 1: The plant grows to be like like two two to 68 00:04:40,839 --> 00:04:44,520 Speaker 1: four ft tall, that's like points six to about two 69 00:04:44,560 --> 00:04:47,960 Speaker 1: meters UM and it's native to West Asia and Europe 70 00:04:48,160 --> 00:04:50,839 Speaker 1: as big old pink flowers um. And most of the 71 00:04:50,880 --> 00:04:54,320 Speaker 1: sap is located in the roots, and in ancient times 72 00:04:54,440 --> 00:04:57,960 Speaker 1: and even into more modern times, it was thought to 73 00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:02,320 Speaker 1: have been a curative for so with throats and of 74 00:05:02,360 --> 00:05:06,080 Speaker 1: other issues. UM. It's scientific name Alphea comes from the 75 00:05:06,120 --> 00:05:09,560 Speaker 1: Greek root for for curing or healing, which brings us 76 00:05:09,640 --> 00:05:13,799 Speaker 1: to our history segment, because the first marshmallows go back 77 00:05:13,920 --> 00:05:18,240 Speaker 1: further than perhaps I thought, right all the way back 78 00:05:18,279 --> 00:05:22,480 Speaker 1: to two thousand b C, when ancient Egyptians would boil 79 00:05:22,600 --> 00:05:26,760 Speaker 1: sap extracted from the mallow plant in honey, sometimes mixing 80 00:05:26,800 --> 00:05:31,200 Speaker 1: in nuts to make individual spongey candy like things. And 81 00:05:31,360 --> 00:05:34,360 Speaker 1: this was a pineapple level treat, which is my new 82 00:05:34,440 --> 00:05:37,080 Speaker 1: bar for measuring luxury, by the way, and it was 83 00:05:37,120 --> 00:05:41,600 Speaker 1: reserved for royalty and gods, which I think royalty were 84 00:05:41,640 --> 00:05:43,880 Speaker 1: considered god, so technically it's sort of the same, right, 85 00:05:43,960 --> 00:05:47,320 Speaker 1: but that it had something to do with like ceremonies, 86 00:05:47,480 --> 00:05:52,640 Speaker 1: Oh what very interesting um. And from there the marshmallows 87 00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:57,040 Speaker 1: and medicinal reputation must have spread. Beginning sometime around about 88 00:05:57,200 --> 00:06:01,360 Speaker 1: ninth century BC, marshmallows were used not just for sore throats, 89 00:06:01,360 --> 00:06:05,120 Speaker 1: but to heal wounds, and marshmallow sap was made into 90 00:06:05,240 --> 00:06:09,760 Speaker 1: a bomb used in treating beastings and tooth thigs. Compresses 91 00:06:09,800 --> 00:06:12,720 Speaker 1: made up of ground marshmallow leaves were recommended by Arab 92 00:06:12,760 --> 00:06:17,239 Speaker 1: physicians as an anti inflammatory, and by the first century 93 00:06:17,320 --> 00:06:23,160 Speaker 1: CE Greek physician bios Karates wrote that the marshmallow worked 94 00:06:23,200 --> 00:06:26,040 Speaker 1: against wounds if you had any swelling in the glands 95 00:06:26,160 --> 00:06:30,839 Speaker 1: and flamed breast, swellings of the anus, dysentery, blood loss, 96 00:06:30,960 --> 00:06:36,680 Speaker 1: or diarrhea. Mm hmm um our our buddy. Pliny supposedly wrote, 97 00:06:37,560 --> 00:06:40,640 Speaker 1: whosoever shall take a spoonful of the mallows, shall that 98 00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:44,200 Speaker 1: day be free from all diseases that may come to him. 99 00:06:44,320 --> 00:06:51,560 Speaker 1: Wow the mallow, Oh, that's great. Um of fifteenth century 100 00:06:51,600 --> 00:06:57,000 Speaker 1: Italian cooking text written by Latina called On Right Pleasure 101 00:06:57,040 --> 00:07:00,200 Speaker 1: and Good Health, had an entire chapter dedicated to the 102 00:07:00,240 --> 00:07:04,080 Speaker 1: healing properties of the marshmallow plant. The marshmallow continued to 103 00:07:04,120 --> 00:07:06,599 Speaker 1: be prescribed as an anti inflammatory and throw it super 104 00:07:06,720 --> 00:07:10,360 Speaker 1: into the Renaissance. Also up through the eighteen hundreds at 105 00:07:10,400 --> 00:07:12,920 Speaker 1: least to the plant was sometimes eaten as a savory 106 00:07:12,960 --> 00:07:16,720 Speaker 1: dish um, not necessarily for its medicinal properties um, and 107 00:07:16,760 --> 00:07:19,760 Speaker 1: the leaves is a salad. The stems and roots would 108 00:07:19,800 --> 00:07:22,559 Speaker 1: be boiled and or pan fried. One recipe from eighteen 109 00:07:22,600 --> 00:07:25,800 Speaker 1: seventy five recommends frying the roots with onions and butter. 110 00:07:26,720 --> 00:07:29,280 Speaker 1: I mean frying anything with onions and butter. Sounds pretty good, 111 00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:31,960 Speaker 1: so just about yeah, although it would probably be kind 112 00:07:31,960 --> 00:07:34,520 Speaker 1: of mucasin is sort of like a like okra, maybe 113 00:07:35,600 --> 00:07:39,040 Speaker 1: a problem for me. And this just about brings us 114 00:07:39,080 --> 00:07:43,680 Speaker 1: to nineteenth century France and the modern day marshmallow, which 115 00:07:43,720 --> 00:07:50,160 Speaker 1: isn't necessarily curative. No, probably not. But first let's take 116 00:07:50,160 --> 00:08:01,600 Speaker 1: a quick break for a word from our sponsor, and 117 00:08:01,680 --> 00:08:07,880 Speaker 1: we're back. Thank you. Sponsor. Into France a frequent center 118 00:08:07,920 --> 00:08:11,520 Speaker 1: for food trends, French candy makers were looking to create 119 00:08:11,560 --> 00:08:15,320 Speaker 1: a healthier indulgence and they came up with patte de 120 00:08:15,440 --> 00:08:19,960 Speaker 1: grimav are, pretty much the modern day marshmallow. They didn't 121 00:08:20,040 --> 00:08:24,320 Speaker 1: have modern day technology, though, so to arrive at their 122 00:08:24,480 --> 00:08:29,160 Speaker 1: version of the marshmallow, French candy makers whipped together marshmallow, 123 00:08:29,200 --> 00:08:33,040 Speaker 1: plant juice, eggs, and sugar until it was this foamy 124 00:08:33,080 --> 00:08:37,679 Speaker 1: paste that was heated, poured and shaped into molds one 125 00:08:37,679 --> 00:08:41,120 Speaker 1: at a time by hand. You could get them as 126 00:08:41,200 --> 00:08:44,960 Speaker 1: a lozenge or a bar and they were advertised as 127 00:08:45,040 --> 00:08:50,640 Speaker 1: this treat. Yeah. This quote from excuses great name Complete 128 00:08:50,640 --> 00:08:55,240 Speaker 1: Confectioner is a good example of that. Marshmallows are greamov 129 00:08:55,400 --> 00:08:59,920 Speaker 1: experienced a lot of popularity. Must be nice. Once David 130 00:09:00,040 --> 00:09:03,160 Speaker 1: came more wide spread outside of the royalty and God's 131 00:09:03,240 --> 00:09:07,679 Speaker 1: crowd fancy that, so demand was pretty high. But this 132 00:09:07,720 --> 00:09:10,439 Speaker 1: process of marshmallow making obviously took a lot of time 133 00:09:10,600 --> 00:09:14,280 Speaker 1: and you know, like money, so candy makers were looking 134 00:09:14,280 --> 00:09:17,640 Speaker 1: for a cheaper, faster way to make them. The solution 135 00:09:17,679 --> 00:09:20,000 Speaker 1: to their problem came in the form of the eighteen 136 00:09:20,120 --> 00:09:24,880 Speaker 1: to nineteenth century commercialization of of food grade dried gelatine, 137 00:09:25,400 --> 00:09:28,880 Speaker 1: which was first patented in powder form in America by 138 00:09:28,920 --> 00:09:32,480 Speaker 1: Peter Cooper in eighteen forty five. He's also the inventor 139 00:09:32,480 --> 00:09:35,360 Speaker 1: of the steam locomotive and was actually trying to figure 140 00:09:35,360 --> 00:09:38,439 Speaker 1: out like glue at the time. He wasn't looking for 141 00:09:38,840 --> 00:09:42,040 Speaker 1: a dessert, but that's sort of how it worked out. Yeah, 142 00:09:42,559 --> 00:09:46,080 Speaker 1: this commercial gelatine was was cheap and easily sourced, so 143 00:09:46,160 --> 00:09:49,320 Speaker 1: katie maker started using it to replace the marshmallow plant 144 00:09:49,400 --> 00:09:53,040 Speaker 1: extract while still being able to to keep the candy 145 00:09:53,200 --> 00:09:58,240 Speaker 1: you know, fluffy, pillowy. Right, But that also meant that 146 00:09:58,320 --> 00:10:02,640 Speaker 1: the reported health and it fits that the marshmallow route 147 00:10:02,760 --> 00:10:06,679 Speaker 1: brought to the marshmallow we're lost. Yes, And it was 148 00:10:06,720 --> 00:10:10,120 Speaker 1: still a slow process. You had to let the mallows 149 00:10:10,480 --> 00:10:13,679 Speaker 1: air dry and sheets or individually so that they'd form 150 00:10:13,720 --> 00:10:16,760 Speaker 1: a skin and then sprinkle them with starch, and the 151 00:10:16,800 --> 00:10:20,200 Speaker 1: processed a few hours per batch. However, by the late 152 00:10:20,280 --> 00:10:24,600 Speaker 1: eighteen hundred slash early nineteen hundreds, UM, the now mass 153 00:10:24,679 --> 00:10:28,400 Speaker 1: produced marshmallows spread to the United States and were available 154 00:10:28,400 --> 00:10:31,959 Speaker 1: in these little one cent tins. Everything in tins, everything 155 00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:35,400 Speaker 1: was great, UM thanks to the advent of the very 156 00:10:35,760 --> 00:10:42,200 Speaker 1: menacing sounding starch mogul system. It's just the process of 157 00:10:42,360 --> 00:10:46,199 Speaker 1: using these corn starch molds to to form the marshmallows. 158 00:10:46,440 --> 00:10:48,920 Speaker 1: Corn starch being a powder that is really good at 159 00:10:48,960 --> 00:10:54,480 Speaker 1: absorbing water. And yes, I just said adsorb, not absorb. Um. 160 00:10:54,600 --> 00:10:58,880 Speaker 1: Absorb means to suck something in. Adsorb means to kind 161 00:10:58,880 --> 00:11:02,080 Speaker 1: of stick something on. Um. On a molecular level, corn 162 00:11:02,120 --> 00:11:06,520 Speaker 1: starch and other absorptive materials like sand are are all 163 00:11:06,920 --> 00:11:10,000 Speaker 1: craggy and porous, and water molecules just kind of get 164 00:11:10,120 --> 00:11:13,720 Speaker 1: stuck there. So the powdery coating on modern marshmallows is 165 00:11:13,720 --> 00:11:16,959 Speaker 1: typically a combination of cornstarch and confection or sugar, which 166 00:11:17,040 --> 00:11:20,240 Speaker 1: forms a sort of protective barrier and keeps them moist 167 00:11:20,280 --> 00:11:22,200 Speaker 1: on the inside but dry enough on the outside that 168 00:11:22,240 --> 00:11:24,640 Speaker 1: you can pick them up without getting your fingers all sticky. 169 00:11:25,000 --> 00:11:27,240 Speaker 1: So a pressed corn starch mold was a really great 170 00:11:27,240 --> 00:11:29,920 Speaker 1: invention because it saved you a whole lot of mess um, 171 00:11:30,120 --> 00:11:32,679 Speaker 1: and the mallows would just pick up a coating of 172 00:11:32,720 --> 00:11:35,600 Speaker 1: the stuff as they were being pressed into shape. Nice. 173 00:11:36,960 --> 00:11:40,120 Speaker 1: But there were more improvements to be made, and it 174 00:11:40,200 --> 00:11:45,640 Speaker 1: was made by Alex Dumak in the US, in which 175 00:11:45,720 --> 00:11:52,200 Speaker 1: brings us to modern marsh mellow manufacturing. Yes, uh okay, 176 00:11:52,240 --> 00:11:55,400 Speaker 1: So the mass production of food frequently means treating food 177 00:11:55,480 --> 00:11:59,400 Speaker 1: items as though they are industrial materials, which I guess 178 00:11:59,400 --> 00:12:02,920 Speaker 1: at that point they are, right um. And Alex Dumac 179 00:12:03,200 --> 00:12:05,800 Speaker 1: the son of a marshmallow maker who had been mass 180 00:12:05,840 --> 00:12:09,040 Speaker 1: producing marshmallows in cast molds, you know, like the usual 181 00:12:09,080 --> 00:12:12,320 Speaker 1: way since the nineteen twenties. Alex figured out that you 182 00:12:12,320 --> 00:12:16,640 Speaker 1: could extrude marshmallows in food processing. Extrusion is when you 183 00:12:17,280 --> 00:12:22,760 Speaker 1: shove a batter through holes sounds, so I know, you 184 00:12:22,840 --> 00:12:25,120 Speaker 1: just you just shove it. Um. So sometimes with air 185 00:12:25,160 --> 00:12:27,640 Speaker 1: pressure or something like that. It's how stuff like like 186 00:12:27,720 --> 00:12:30,720 Speaker 1: cereals and pasta are generally made, and it works really 187 00:12:30,720 --> 00:12:33,679 Speaker 1: well with marshmallows. They can either be cut individually as 188 00:12:33,679 --> 00:12:35,960 Speaker 1: they come out of the extruder or formed into long 189 00:12:36,040 --> 00:12:39,600 Speaker 1: ropes and then cut in mass. And this machinery made 190 00:12:39,600 --> 00:12:42,760 Speaker 1: it possible to create a marshmallow in an hour flat. 191 00:12:43,240 --> 00:12:46,120 Speaker 1: A single marshmallow, well, I mean that probably more than 192 00:12:46,160 --> 00:12:48,719 Speaker 1: just the one, but you know, but from start to 193 00:12:48,760 --> 00:12:52,839 Speaker 1: finish that I mean, yeah, I have batch the batch 194 00:12:52,880 --> 00:12:56,400 Speaker 1: of marshmallows. I understand, just just checking away that it's 195 00:12:56,400 --> 00:12:59,760 Speaker 1: a good, good, good call. Um. The Dumac company, by 196 00:12:59,760 --> 00:13:03,120 Speaker 1: the way, makes um Campfire and Rocky Mountain brand marshmallows. 197 00:13:03,120 --> 00:13:05,839 Speaker 1: If you've ever seen a campfire marshmallow, that's them. And 198 00:13:05,960 --> 00:13:08,800 Speaker 1: he would soon license the patent out to Craft because 199 00:13:08,960 --> 00:13:12,440 Speaker 1: his company couldn't keep up with demand. They were so 200 00:13:12,520 --> 00:13:16,880 Speaker 1: much cheaper than traditionally produced marshmallows that he was just 201 00:13:16,960 --> 00:13:20,760 Speaker 1: like a guy can't handle it anymore. Craft, please take 202 00:13:20,800 --> 00:13:23,880 Speaker 1: this patent. Um. So they started using an extrusion process 203 00:13:23,880 --> 00:13:27,199 Speaker 1: for their marshmallows in the late nineteen fifties and marketed 204 00:13:27,240 --> 00:13:30,320 Speaker 1: them as jet puffed to kind of ride the Space 205 00:13:30,400 --> 00:13:35,680 Speaker 1: Races coat tails into commercial success. Uh. And it worked 206 00:13:35,880 --> 00:13:39,360 Speaker 1: really well. Um in that even ran a promotion where 207 00:13:39,400 --> 00:13:42,840 Speaker 1: kids could send in empty marshmallow bags in order to 208 00:13:43,040 --> 00:13:46,800 Speaker 1: enter to win a spaceship and non operative spaceship um 209 00:13:46,840 --> 00:13:49,360 Speaker 1: complete with astronauts suits and count down lights in this 210 00:13:49,440 --> 00:13:52,360 Speaker 1: projector that would show them star maps, which is just 211 00:13:52,640 --> 00:13:55,160 Speaker 1: he can cute. That is a price I would have 212 00:13:55,760 --> 00:14:01,200 Speaker 1: really wanted right now as a kid, I would totally 213 00:14:01,240 --> 00:14:03,960 Speaker 1: set that up in my backyard. But let's talk a 214 00:14:03,960 --> 00:14:08,720 Speaker 1: little bit here about the science of marshmallows, because there's 215 00:14:08,760 --> 00:14:13,360 Speaker 1: marshmallow science, of course there is, Okay, So so your 216 00:14:13,400 --> 00:14:15,920 Speaker 1: goal in making a marshmallow is to um, it's to 217 00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:19,600 Speaker 1: suspend air bubbles inside of a soft solid, giving the 218 00:14:19,600 --> 00:14:23,600 Speaker 1: marshmallows that spongey, smooshy texture texture that they have. And 219 00:14:23,840 --> 00:14:26,240 Speaker 1: you do that by heating up sugar and some kind 220 00:14:26,240 --> 00:14:29,440 Speaker 1: of jelling agent until they're they're both liquid and pliable, 221 00:14:29,800 --> 00:14:32,320 Speaker 1: and and then whipping them so that air bubbles get trapped, 222 00:14:32,480 --> 00:14:34,760 Speaker 1: and then letting them cool so so it all sets 223 00:14:34,760 --> 00:14:38,920 Speaker 1: back into a solid. Marshmallows are technically a stabilized foam, 224 00:14:38,960 --> 00:14:41,840 Speaker 1: and gelatine is a really good basis for this. Uh 225 00:14:41,880 --> 00:14:44,160 Speaker 1: it's it's a really good jelling agent. Um. Gelatine being 226 00:14:44,200 --> 00:14:48,760 Speaker 1: animal collagen, which is a structural protein that that makes 227 00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:51,760 Speaker 1: your body have shape rather than just being a puddle. 228 00:14:52,200 --> 00:14:55,840 Speaker 1: Without collagen, we would all just be puddles. Um collagen 229 00:14:55,880 --> 00:14:58,120 Speaker 1: can be stretchy and pliable, like it is in your 230 00:14:58,160 --> 00:15:02,200 Speaker 1: skin and tendons and muscles and blood vessels, and it 231 00:15:02,240 --> 00:15:04,880 Speaker 1: can it can also get mineralized and then be stiff, 232 00:15:04,960 --> 00:15:08,400 Speaker 1: like like in your bones. Food grade collagen is derived 233 00:15:08,480 --> 00:15:11,040 Speaker 1: from the skin and bones of cows and pigs, most 234 00:15:11,080 --> 00:15:14,000 Speaker 1: commonly these days, but can also be taken from fish 235 00:15:14,040 --> 00:15:16,840 Speaker 1: skin in bones if you want to make kosher gelatine 236 00:15:16,960 --> 00:15:20,160 Speaker 1: or otherwise, you know, gelatine that is friendly to people 237 00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:22,560 Speaker 1: who do not want to eat those mammals. And there 238 00:15:22,560 --> 00:15:24,840 Speaker 1: are a lot of plant derived jelling agents that can 239 00:15:24,880 --> 00:15:28,080 Speaker 1: be used in addition to or instead of gelatine in 240 00:15:28,160 --> 00:15:32,560 Speaker 1: order to give marshmallows different textures and or to h 241 00:15:32,680 --> 00:15:35,560 Speaker 1: to make them vegan like a soy protein gum, arabic 242 00:15:35,800 --> 00:15:39,760 Speaker 1: ag are other stuff derived from seaweed. Seeweed is a 243 00:15:39,800 --> 00:15:44,920 Speaker 1: great squidgy substance, It's true. Laura at Mauve Marshmallows was 244 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:47,880 Speaker 1: experimenting with this. Visit her, Yeah, yeah, she She said 245 00:15:47,880 --> 00:15:50,920 Speaker 1: that she was working on kind of retexturizing in a 246 00:15:50,920 --> 00:15:52,720 Speaker 1: bunch of different ways and trying to and trying to 247 00:15:52,760 --> 00:15:56,360 Speaker 1: find like vegetarian and vegan alternatives too. M that other 248 00:15:56,400 --> 00:16:00,240 Speaker 1: thing um. Gelatine, by the way, solidifies at around owned 249 00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:04,040 Speaker 1: nine degrees fahrenheit a k a. Thirty five degrees celsius 250 00:16:04,320 --> 00:16:07,480 Speaker 1: and and melts at anything above that, which is why 251 00:16:07,520 --> 00:16:12,160 Speaker 1: things like marshmallows melt in your mouth. Ah h tasty 252 00:16:12,200 --> 00:16:19,400 Speaker 1: fun science. Indeed, well, now that we have covered marshmallows science, 253 00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:22,440 Speaker 1: it's time to take a look at marshmallow culture. But 254 00:16:22,560 --> 00:16:24,920 Speaker 1: first it's time to take a look at this ad 255 00:16:25,000 --> 00:16:37,200 Speaker 1: from our sponsor, and we're back. Thank you sponsor, and 256 00:16:37,200 --> 00:16:39,320 Speaker 1: I hope that all of you listeners enjoyed looking at 257 00:16:39,360 --> 00:16:43,880 Speaker 1: that ad. Um. I love looking at my audio as 258 00:16:44,720 --> 00:16:50,160 Speaker 1: it's my favorite so uh so marshmallows are are just 259 00:16:50,280 --> 00:16:53,720 Speaker 1: intensely fun and hilarious and they have a long history 260 00:16:53,720 --> 00:16:57,200 Speaker 1: of being so yes, I wish I had recorded the 261 00:16:57,320 --> 00:16:59,640 Speaker 1: look on my face as I did this research, because 262 00:16:59,640 --> 00:17:04,600 Speaker 1: it was just delightful. Um. The most obvious cultural thing 263 00:17:04,720 --> 00:17:07,800 Speaker 1: is probably this moore. The origin of this moore is 264 00:17:07,840 --> 00:17:11,440 Speaker 1: a bit of a mystery. As far back as the 265 00:17:11,640 --> 00:17:16,240 Speaker 1: Victorian era, we can find recipes for cookie sandwiches and 266 00:17:16,280 --> 00:17:20,440 Speaker 1: by the twentieth century, these sandwiches, some made with marshmallows, 267 00:17:20,440 --> 00:17:24,720 Speaker 1: were fairly common. The first published recipe for some More 268 00:17:25,560 --> 00:17:29,680 Speaker 1: popped up in courtesy of a Girl Scouts recipe titled 269 00:17:30,440 --> 00:17:35,440 Speaker 1: some More Ah Yeah, which called for smushing too coal 270 00:17:35,520 --> 00:17:40,399 Speaker 1: roasted marshmallows in a quote, Graham cracker and chocolate bar sandwich. 271 00:17:40,800 --> 00:17:44,760 Speaker 1: That sounds like a lot. Yeah, I mean I've I've 272 00:17:44,800 --> 00:17:49,239 Speaker 1: done it. That's not out of the real possibility in 273 00:17:49,280 --> 00:17:52,760 Speaker 1: my book, I see, Okay, yes, continue. Some More was 274 00:17:52,800 --> 00:17:57,399 Speaker 1: shortened too s'more. And these days fifty of marshmallows purchased 275 00:17:57,440 --> 00:18:00,440 Speaker 1: in the summer go up and flame is over a 276 00:18:00,520 --> 00:18:07,440 Speaker 1: camp fire. There Graham cracker and chocolate cough goodness. Some 277 00:18:07,480 --> 00:18:13,240 Speaker 1: companies started selling countertop marshmallow rosters. Are baby quers, guaranteed 278 00:18:13,280 --> 00:18:16,600 Speaker 1: safe for children of any size. We used one of these, 279 00:18:17,040 --> 00:18:18,680 Speaker 1: I don't know that I would agree with that. I 280 00:18:19,000 --> 00:18:21,640 Speaker 1: don't think it was safe for us, let alone for children. 281 00:18:23,119 --> 00:18:26,080 Speaker 1: The largest more ever, by the way, waited sixteen hundred 282 00:18:26,080 --> 00:18:29,359 Speaker 1: pounds in the nineteen twenties. As well, in addition to 283 00:18:29,680 --> 00:18:33,480 Speaker 1: giving us some moores, the ninet twenties gave us jello 284 00:18:33,560 --> 00:18:39,880 Speaker 1: salads spiked with many marshmallows. That's just like the most artificial. 285 00:18:40,840 --> 00:18:44,280 Speaker 1: I don't know, it's just these two gelatin products. I don't. 286 00:18:44,440 --> 00:18:46,720 Speaker 1: I never want that collars. Yeah, I've never had it. 287 00:18:46,800 --> 00:18:49,919 Speaker 1: I never want those textures together. No, I mean I 288 00:18:49,920 --> 00:18:54,320 Speaker 1: would try it, but I've I've had it. My um. 289 00:18:54,680 --> 00:18:58,880 Speaker 1: One of my grandmother's is uh, very fond of the jellows. 290 00:18:58,920 --> 00:19:02,119 Speaker 1: A side salad. Oh, and that cracks me up. That 291 00:19:02,240 --> 00:19:05,600 Speaker 1: a side salad. That's great yellow salad. But what were 292 00:19:05,640 --> 00:19:11,320 Speaker 1: we trying to convince ourselves? Um, speaking of like childhood memories. 293 00:19:11,960 --> 00:19:15,040 Speaker 1: Oh my god, I totally forgot about rice crispies until 294 00:19:15,080 --> 00:19:18,960 Speaker 1: I was doing this research. Rice crispy treats. Yes, they're 295 00:19:19,040 --> 00:19:23,800 Speaker 1: very important. Yes, Rice Krispy treats were around before rice crispies. 296 00:19:23,920 --> 00:19:30,320 Speaker 1: The cereal was around, um yeah, and before mass produced 297 00:19:30,320 --> 00:19:34,399 Speaker 1: marshmallows were around. Originally, they use corn syrup and molasses 298 00:19:34,920 --> 00:19:37,640 Speaker 1: as the finder, and a woman who worked at Kellogg, 299 00:19:37,800 --> 00:19:40,800 Speaker 1: Mildred Day, is credited with cooking up this recipe for 300 00:19:40,960 --> 00:19:44,080 Speaker 1: Rice Kristi treats we know today to sell as a 301 00:19:44,160 --> 00:19:48,920 Speaker 1: fundraiser for the Campfire Girls group, and according to the U. S. 302 00:19:48,960 --> 00:19:51,760 Speaker 1: Patent Office, the name. Rice Crispy Treats first showed up 303 00:19:51,800 --> 00:19:57,640 Speaker 1: in just fairly recent um the first time you could 304 00:19:57,680 --> 00:20:03,680 Speaker 1: buy those prepackaged UM and fun fact about these, they 305 00:20:03,760 --> 00:20:07,600 Speaker 1: were viewed as a healthy, easy snack back in the 306 00:20:07,640 --> 00:20:13,439 Speaker 1: box advertising example from quote You're crisp completely different. The 307 00:20:13,520 --> 00:20:16,880 Speaker 1: grand party treat perfect as a light dessert between meal, 308 00:20:16,960 --> 00:20:20,639 Speaker 1: snack or lunchbox surprise for youngsters a few minutes, a 309 00:20:20,640 --> 00:20:26,160 Speaker 1: few pennies turned the treath. I I still I still 310 00:20:26,200 --> 00:20:29,080 Speaker 1: eat these, like basically whenever I have a chance to really. 311 00:20:29,240 --> 00:20:31,320 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, I don't think I've had once. It's like 312 00:20:31,359 --> 00:20:35,120 Speaker 1: second grade. They make me so happy or something about them. 313 00:20:35,160 --> 00:20:40,760 Speaker 1: I don't know. They're very they're gooey, they're crisp, completely different. 314 00:20:42,880 --> 00:20:47,040 Speaker 1: You could work for Rice Crispy Trees. Also, let us 315 00:20:47,080 --> 00:20:51,720 Speaker 1: not forget peeps, Yes, peeps. In nineteen fifty three, Sam 316 00:20:51,800 --> 00:20:55,119 Speaker 1: Born of the just Born Candy Company purchased the Rata 317 00:20:55,280 --> 00:20:59,840 Speaker 1: Candy Company and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, which at the time for 318 00:21:00,080 --> 00:21:04,080 Speaker 1: use these marshmallow chicks, specifically for Easter by hand that 319 00:21:04,160 --> 00:21:09,320 Speaker 1: took twenty seven hours to make. Goodness. Just Born actually 320 00:21:09,359 --> 00:21:13,879 Speaker 1: wanted the jelly bean technology originally which jelly bean technology. 321 00:21:13,960 --> 00:21:17,119 Speaker 1: That's two great words when you put together. I love it. 322 00:21:17,640 --> 00:21:22,920 Speaker 1: And when they yes eventually and when they saw the 323 00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:27,800 Speaker 1: peeps that they were enchanted by them, and uh, originally 324 00:21:27,960 --> 00:21:32,040 Speaker 1: just born like the parent company. The original company released 325 00:21:32,119 --> 00:21:34,480 Speaker 1: peeps a sort of a specialty item around Easter, but 326 00:21:34,560 --> 00:21:37,479 Speaker 1: demand was so high they wanted a way to speed 327 00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:41,560 Speaker 1: up the process so they could produce And by four 328 00:21:41,680 --> 00:21:45,280 Speaker 1: they had automated the process with a machine called the depositor, 329 00:21:46,119 --> 00:21:50,600 Speaker 1: and they trademarked peeps. They made pumpkins for Halloween, Christmas, 330 00:21:50,640 --> 00:21:54,719 Speaker 1: trees for Christmas, and today five point five million peeps 331 00:21:54,760 --> 00:21:58,640 Speaker 1: are made a day at this one factory in Pennsylvania. 332 00:21:58,880 --> 00:22:01,919 Speaker 1: What yes, And they use the depositor all the way 333 00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:08,040 Speaker 1: until and Bethlehem drops a giant peep on New Year's 334 00:22:08,040 --> 00:22:16,960 Speaker 1: Eve instead of oh my goodness, yep. And in a 335 00:22:17,000 --> 00:22:21,240 Speaker 1: group of scientists calling themselves Heap Investigators set out to 336 00:22:21,280 --> 00:22:25,160 Speaker 1: test the indestructibility of peeps with the range of deadly 337 00:22:25,280 --> 00:22:29,200 Speaker 1: tools like cigarettes and liquid nitrogen, and found that peeps 338 00:22:29,240 --> 00:22:35,800 Speaker 1: are for the most part indestructible. Pretty impressive peeps. They're 339 00:22:35,880 --> 00:22:40,120 Speaker 1: very divisive. I find I really I really dislike them. 340 00:22:40,160 --> 00:22:44,240 Speaker 1: They're not food or I don't know. There's something about them. 341 00:22:44,280 --> 00:22:48,320 Speaker 1: It's very upsetting. I think it's the granular sugar cutting. Yeah, 342 00:22:48,359 --> 00:22:52,960 Speaker 1: maybe I don't. I have had enough peeps in so long. 343 00:22:53,800 --> 00:22:57,800 Speaker 1: I can't say Holly Fry loves them. She loves them. 344 00:22:57,840 --> 00:22:59,640 Speaker 1: If you guys ever want to get on Holly's good side, 345 00:22:59,640 --> 00:23:05,840 Speaker 1: senders and peeps. Yes. Meanwhile, in three kid In Company, 346 00:23:05,880 --> 00:23:08,399 Speaker 1: one of those two corporations that has a marshmallow plant 347 00:23:08,640 --> 00:23:12,360 Speaker 1: in Lincolneer, they created a six d and seventy one 348 00:23:12,440 --> 00:23:17,879 Speaker 1: pound marshmallow for that annual festival. Wow, I see marshmallows 349 00:23:17,880 --> 00:23:20,480 Speaker 1: are so light to me, so I imagine I'm trying 350 00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:26,200 Speaker 1: to imagine how big it would have had to Yeah, 351 00:23:26,240 --> 00:23:30,439 Speaker 1: they apparently diverted their entire line for in order to 352 00:23:30,480 --> 00:23:33,199 Speaker 1: make this giant molded anyway, I can only hope it 353 00:23:33,280 --> 00:23:37,680 Speaker 1: was eaten. I'm I'm sure, I'm sure it was carved up. So. 354 00:23:37,920 --> 00:23:41,359 Speaker 1: Another one I've never had one of these is moon pies. 355 00:23:41,880 --> 00:23:44,880 Speaker 1: I still can't believe that you've missed, man, I missed 356 00:23:44,880 --> 00:23:47,720 Speaker 1: a whole range of like cheap desserts. I mean, they're 357 00:23:47,760 --> 00:23:50,640 Speaker 1: not like good, but there I don't know, it's no, 358 00:23:50,720 --> 00:23:53,119 Speaker 1: they're they're real, They're real, worth while. Like I don't know, 359 00:23:53,280 --> 00:23:57,760 Speaker 1: they taste like plastic and nostalgia. Maybe maybe we'll try one. 360 00:23:58,200 --> 00:24:01,639 Speaker 1: According to Moonpies website, the idea for this product of 361 00:24:01,720 --> 00:24:05,439 Speaker 1: marshmallow sandwich between two Graham Kaka cookies and then dipped 362 00:24:05,480 --> 00:24:09,520 Speaker 1: in chocolate originated with Earl Mitchell, a traveling salesman who 363 00:24:09,600 --> 00:24:12,840 Speaker 1: asked a Kentucky coal miner what kind of snack would 364 00:24:12,880 --> 00:24:15,520 Speaker 1: you like to eat and got the description of what 365 00:24:15,640 --> 00:24:19,240 Speaker 1: is now known as the moonpie. In response, or as 366 00:24:19,280 --> 00:24:22,960 Speaker 1: the coal miner allegedly called it a snack as big 367 00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:27,080 Speaker 1: as the moon, hence the name. There you go. It 368 00:24:27,200 --> 00:24:29,720 Speaker 1: was cheap and it fit in the lunch pale, and 369 00:24:29,800 --> 00:24:33,640 Speaker 1: by n the Chattanooga bakery that served as the primary 370 00:24:33,640 --> 00:24:38,479 Speaker 1: producer of Moonpies was boxing hundreds a day. Apparently they 371 00:24:38,480 --> 00:24:42,159 Speaker 1: were improved when enjoyed with an R C Cola, to 372 00:24:42,200 --> 00:24:44,679 Speaker 1: the point that in the fifties you could hear Big 373 00:24:44,720 --> 00:24:48,960 Speaker 1: Bill listeners give me an RC cola and a moonpie 374 00:24:49,240 --> 00:24:53,440 Speaker 1: on the radio like top of the charts coal And 375 00:24:53,720 --> 00:24:57,919 Speaker 1: since two thousand eight, Mobile Alabama raises a moonpie on 376 00:24:58,040 --> 00:25:00,440 Speaker 1: New Year's Eve. I had no idea that so many 377 00:25:00,440 --> 00:25:07,120 Speaker 1: marshmallow based products were being used in New Year's It's excellent. 378 00:25:07,400 --> 00:25:10,800 Speaker 1: Michigan Stadium once had to outlaw marshmallows at football games 379 00:25:10,840 --> 00:25:14,159 Speaker 1: because students kept stuffing them with pennies and pelting the 380 00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:20,400 Speaker 1: opposing team and marching band with them. That's terrible because 381 00:25:20,480 --> 00:25:23,720 Speaker 1: you think it's not gonna hurt and know they're stuffed 382 00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:26,280 Speaker 1: with I'm sure it wasn't. I think it was just 383 00:25:26,400 --> 00:25:29,880 Speaker 1: enough penny to to give it weight, so I don't 384 00:25:29,880 --> 00:25:33,479 Speaker 1: think it was meant to hurt anybody. It's just a menace, 385 00:25:34,040 --> 00:25:41,080 Speaker 1: a marshmallow menace. They can be menacing. Um and another 386 00:25:41,320 --> 00:25:44,800 Speaker 1: favorite of mine, another thing, I've never tried marshmallow fluff. 387 00:25:44,840 --> 00:25:48,040 Speaker 1: You've never tried marshmallow fluff. I missed the whole thing. 388 00:25:48,240 --> 00:25:53,240 Speaker 1: I missed the whole You've never had a fluffer nutter sandwich. Okay, okay, okay, 389 00:25:53,240 --> 00:25:56,760 Speaker 1: cultural note, Yes we're talking, yes, okay, marshmallow fluff. This 390 00:25:56,760 --> 00:25:59,600 Speaker 1: stuff goes all the way back to the eight nineties 391 00:25:59,720 --> 00:26:04,720 Speaker 1: and for Archibald Query I know, whipped together some sugar 392 00:26:04,920 --> 00:26:07,359 Speaker 1: dried egg whites, corn syrup, and vanilla to make the 393 00:26:07,440 --> 00:26:11,800 Speaker 1: version we know today. It was marketed as a wrinkle treatment. 394 00:26:13,080 --> 00:26:16,399 Speaker 1: According to an ad I found it could even fill 395 00:26:16,440 --> 00:26:22,080 Speaker 1: out a shriveled old throat or bust all of my 396 00:26:22,160 --> 00:26:28,600 Speaker 1: favorite facts ever. Okay, well sure you know marshmallows are healing. Marshmallow, fluffy, 397 00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:34,600 Speaker 1: good marshmallow, the sap. Yeah, well this, yeah, I can 398 00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:43,280 Speaker 1: just imagine putting marshalls my face. It's stuck there, that miserable. Yeah, yes, 399 00:26:43,400 --> 00:26:48,720 Speaker 1: but I was so happy to find that. Anyway. Query 400 00:26:48,840 --> 00:26:51,399 Speaker 1: went door to door to sell his product, but the 401 00:26:51,440 --> 00:26:54,600 Speaker 1: sugar shortage caused by World War One had him looking 402 00:26:54,640 --> 00:26:57,840 Speaker 1: to sell his marshmallow cream business, and sel he did 403 00:26:58,040 --> 00:27:01,920 Speaker 1: for five dollars to two veterans, Alan Dirky and Fred Moer. 404 00:27:02,800 --> 00:27:05,920 Speaker 1: In nineteen twenty, Dirky and Moher started making what they 405 00:27:05,960 --> 00:27:10,080 Speaker 1: called to sweet marshmallow fluff, and by ninety nine they 406 00:27:10,080 --> 00:27:12,159 Speaker 1: had opened a large factory to keep up with demand, 407 00:27:12,359 --> 00:27:15,439 Speaker 1: and they sponsored a radio show of live music and 408 00:27:15,560 --> 00:27:19,480 Speaker 1: comedy called The Flufferettes. It aired before The Jack Benny 409 00:27:19,600 --> 00:27:22,399 Speaker 1: Show on twenty one New England stations, and it was 410 00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:25,399 Speaker 1: around until the nineteen forties. And before we move on 411 00:27:25,440 --> 00:27:31,000 Speaker 1: from them entirely, I read that their factory is an 412 00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:36,080 Speaker 1: example of a very like it was very ahead of 413 00:27:36,119 --> 00:27:42,000 Speaker 1: its time. It's impressive cool. Yeah, and that brings us 414 00:27:42,040 --> 00:27:46,639 Speaker 1: to another sandwiches and this was one of the favorite 415 00:27:46,640 --> 00:27:50,439 Speaker 1: facts of Laura at mal Vi. Uh. Yeah, they're um. 416 00:27:50,880 --> 00:27:54,119 Speaker 1: They're also associated with New England in particular, although I 417 00:27:54,200 --> 00:27:58,159 Speaker 1: picked them up in South Florida. In Emma Curtis and 418 00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:01,680 Speaker 1: her brother Armory, who were descendants of Paul Revere by 419 00:28:01,680 --> 00:28:07,560 Speaker 1: the way, started making and marketing snowflake marshmallow cream cram. 420 00:28:08,920 --> 00:28:10,560 Speaker 1: There's an accent mark over the E. I'm not sure 421 00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:13,040 Speaker 1: what to do with it anyway. Mma was really good 422 00:28:13,040 --> 00:28:16,080 Speaker 1: at getting the word out on radio shows and in brochures, 423 00:28:16,160 --> 00:28:18,720 Speaker 1: and during World War One she published a recipe for 424 00:28:18,840 --> 00:28:22,040 Speaker 1: the fluffer Nutter sandwich, or a sandwich of peanut butter 425 00:28:22,080 --> 00:28:25,920 Speaker 1: and marshmallow cream. Only she called it the Liberty Sandwich. 426 00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:30,200 Speaker 1: It wasn't. It wasn't called the fluffer Nutter until nineteen 427 00:28:30,320 --> 00:28:32,960 Speaker 1: sixty when an ad agency came up with the name 428 00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:36,520 Speaker 1: to to advertise the sandwich. Until then it was the 429 00:28:36,560 --> 00:28:42,120 Speaker 1: Liberty sandwich. Luffer Nutters were Liberty sandwiches. Oh, I love 430 00:28:42,200 --> 00:28:47,320 Speaker 1: it um. And to this day New Englanders are responsible 431 00:28:47,360 --> 00:28:51,160 Speaker 1: for half of global sales of marshmallow fluff. You can't 432 00:28:51,160 --> 00:28:57,480 Speaker 1: even get it everywhere in the US half of the world. Bunch. Yeah, 433 00:28:57,520 --> 00:29:01,320 Speaker 1: I wonder if you can get it on menus. Some 434 00:29:02,600 --> 00:29:04,520 Speaker 1: research to be done. I think they have it at 435 00:29:04,520 --> 00:29:06,720 Speaker 1: the Kroger. We can I mean we can go, we 436 00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:09,640 Speaker 1: can go find some good Yeah, but I want to 437 00:29:09,640 --> 00:29:11,240 Speaker 1: know if I can order it on a menu in 438 00:29:11,320 --> 00:29:15,640 Speaker 1: a restaurant. Oh, a fluffer and under sandwich. I feel 439 00:29:15,680 --> 00:29:17,760 Speaker 1: like they have one at Manny Is that at Manuel's 440 00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:22,200 Speaker 1: down Street? I could be I could be wrong. Check 441 00:29:22,280 --> 00:29:27,000 Speaker 1: that out. Yeah. Fluff's birthplace of Somerville, Massachusetts has an 442 00:29:27,040 --> 00:29:31,640 Speaker 1: annual what the Fluff Festival of September Love it Field 443 00:29:31,640 --> 00:29:37,240 Speaker 1: trip um Another bit of random history. In nine nine, 444 00:29:37,280 --> 00:29:40,040 Speaker 1: the manager of the Yankees was fired after getting into 445 00:29:40,080 --> 00:29:43,400 Speaker 1: a bar brawl with a marshmallow salesman. I wonder what 446 00:29:43,480 --> 00:29:45,920 Speaker 1: it was about. I'm not I'm not sure. I think 447 00:29:46,000 --> 00:29:48,440 Speaker 1: I don't know. He was apparently a Brawley kind of dude, 448 00:29:48,520 --> 00:29:52,680 Speaker 1: but in the Yankees manager or not that marshmallow salesman 449 00:29:52,720 --> 00:29:55,959 Speaker 1: that we know of, Although yeah, I think the supposedly 450 00:29:56,040 --> 00:29:58,800 Speaker 1: the the manager dude was kind of taunting him, like, like, 451 00:29:58,840 --> 00:30:01,480 Speaker 1: what's a big dude, like you'd do. And selling marshmallows 452 00:30:02,320 --> 00:30:07,520 Speaker 1: is the thing that he said mean uncalled for also 453 00:30:07,640 --> 00:30:12,520 Speaker 1: coming soon all marshmallow luck each arms, which despite being 454 00:30:12,560 --> 00:30:14,680 Speaker 1: the best part of lucky charms, are the worst types 455 00:30:14,720 --> 00:30:18,120 Speaker 1: of marshmallows in my opinion. Uh, they're called in the 456 00:30:18,160 --> 00:30:24,640 Speaker 1: food industry marbits, and they're basically just dried marshmallows because 457 00:30:24,640 --> 00:30:27,440 Speaker 1: the amount of moisture and regular marshmallows would totally ruin 458 00:30:27,480 --> 00:30:32,360 Speaker 1: a box of Cereal Miguel Moldy bad times. Um. Yeah, 459 00:30:32,400 --> 00:30:36,040 Speaker 1: there's there's a whole extensive drying process that they go through. 460 00:30:38,840 --> 00:30:43,680 Speaker 1: Oh boy. And they were also used as sort of 461 00:30:43,760 --> 00:30:46,080 Speaker 1: kind of fortune tellers. Yeah, you guys have heard of 462 00:30:46,080 --> 00:30:51,720 Speaker 1: the the Stanford marshmallow experiments. Probably maybe. Walter Michelle, a 463 00:30:51,840 --> 00:30:56,560 Speaker 1: Stanford psychologist, conducted a series of experiments towards the end 464 00:30:56,600 --> 00:30:59,720 Speaker 1: of the nineteen sixties where he'd set a single marshmallow 465 00:31:00,160 --> 00:31:02,760 Speaker 1: in front of a child participant and tell them they 466 00:31:02,800 --> 00:31:06,560 Speaker 1: could have one marshmallow immediately or two if they waited 467 00:31:06,560 --> 00:31:10,840 Speaker 1: a couple of minutes. Years later, he thought to reconnect 468 00:31:10,880 --> 00:31:13,320 Speaker 1: to these subjects in a termative. There's connection between the 469 00:31:13,400 --> 00:31:18,800 Speaker 1: kids who could exercise delaid gratification and academic performance and 470 00:31:18,880 --> 00:31:23,280 Speaker 1: social relationships. And yes, the study indicated that kids who 471 00:31:23,440 --> 00:31:26,080 Speaker 1: could wait it out did better in these two areas. 472 00:31:26,120 --> 00:31:30,240 Speaker 1: And yes, it has been replicated. There's been so much 473 00:31:30,280 --> 00:31:35,440 Speaker 1: written about these these marshmallow experiments, like a like a lot. 474 00:31:35,560 --> 00:31:37,800 Speaker 1: There's some really, I'll try to post some links on 475 00:31:37,840 --> 00:31:42,479 Speaker 1: social media. It's it's super fascinating stuff. Also, let us 476 00:31:42,680 --> 00:31:46,920 Speaker 1: never forget the stay puffed marshmallow man. Who could forget 477 00:31:46,960 --> 00:31:53,200 Speaker 1: the stay puffed marshmallow man? Stuff with nightmares? Uh? And 478 00:31:53,360 --> 00:31:56,640 Speaker 1: you can make your own marshmallows friends. Yes, as we 479 00:31:56,640 --> 00:31:59,920 Speaker 1: said at the top of the podcast, they're very much 480 00:32:00,160 --> 00:32:03,640 Speaker 1: different than what you'll buy in the store generally like 481 00:32:03,680 --> 00:32:08,680 Speaker 1: a grocery store, and there very much better. Yeah there, Okay, 482 00:32:08,720 --> 00:32:12,680 Speaker 1: they're both entirely worthwhile and a huge effing pain in 483 00:32:12,720 --> 00:32:15,120 Speaker 1: the neck. Uh. In order to do this, you're you're 484 00:32:15,160 --> 00:32:18,120 Speaker 1: going to need a stand mixer and a candy thermometer 485 00:32:18,280 --> 00:32:21,760 Speaker 1: or another probe type thermometer. And there are no arguments 486 00:32:21,800 --> 00:32:25,080 Speaker 1: to be made here. No, don't, don't, don't even start 487 00:32:25,120 --> 00:32:29,800 Speaker 1: with me. We're going to be dealing with edible napalm. Serious. 488 00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:33,200 Speaker 1: She's pointing the finger at me. She knows I've tried 489 00:32:33,240 --> 00:32:37,640 Speaker 1: this and failed. Uh So. Basically, you start by um 490 00:32:37,640 --> 00:32:40,360 Speaker 1: by a turning a packet of dried gelatine into a 491 00:32:40,440 --> 00:32:43,600 Speaker 1: squidgy gelatine by adding water. This is called blooming the 492 00:32:43,640 --> 00:32:47,640 Speaker 1: gelatine um and be by making a simple syrup equal 493 00:32:47,640 --> 00:32:51,560 Speaker 1: parts water and sugar, heated until they're both liquid um. 494 00:32:51,600 --> 00:32:53,600 Speaker 1: It's nice to sub end some corn syrup to help 495 00:32:53,680 --> 00:32:56,719 Speaker 1: keep the mixture stable a k A. Not to let 496 00:32:56,800 --> 00:32:59,960 Speaker 1: it crystallize, so you continue heating it, watching the temper. 497 00:33:00,040 --> 00:33:03,520 Speaker 1: You're carefully with your thermometer and swirling the pan instead 498 00:33:03,520 --> 00:33:06,840 Speaker 1: of stirring it. Starring can agitate any tiny rogue sugar 499 00:33:06,840 --> 00:33:09,760 Speaker 1: crystals in the syrup and set off a chain reaction 500 00:33:09,880 --> 00:33:13,840 Speaker 1: of crystallization. I don't want it. Uh So you you 501 00:33:13,880 --> 00:33:16,840 Speaker 1: heat this mixture until you reach the soft ball stage 502 00:33:17,040 --> 00:33:21,280 Speaker 1: of liquid sugar, which is degrees fahrenheit a k A 503 00:33:21,360 --> 00:33:24,880 Speaker 1: hundred and twenty degrees celsius, and in in candy making, 504 00:33:24,920 --> 00:33:27,040 Speaker 1: that's the name that the softball stage is the name 505 00:33:27,040 --> 00:33:29,440 Speaker 1: for when the density of a sugar syrup is such 506 00:33:29,520 --> 00:33:33,160 Speaker 1: that it will hold soft shape like a like taffy. 507 00:33:33,280 --> 00:33:37,880 Speaker 1: And you should be so careful please around this mixture 508 00:33:38,080 --> 00:33:40,280 Speaker 1: because it will stick to your skin if it splashes 509 00:33:40,320 --> 00:33:43,400 Speaker 1: on you and burn you very very badly. Um candy 510 00:33:43,520 --> 00:33:46,280 Speaker 1: is terrifying. Assuming that you're not in e er, you 511 00:33:46,320 --> 00:33:49,880 Speaker 1: add your bloomed gelatin and your soft ball stage syrup 512 00:33:49,920 --> 00:33:53,360 Speaker 1: into a stand mixer and then just kind of whip 513 00:33:53,400 --> 00:33:56,240 Speaker 1: the crap out of it for like fifteen minutes. Uh. 514 00:33:56,400 --> 00:33:58,200 Speaker 1: Then when it's basically done, you can add a little 515 00:33:58,200 --> 00:34:00,760 Speaker 1: bit of flavoring like vanilla extract, although you do have 516 00:34:00,840 --> 00:34:04,680 Speaker 1: to be very careful because anything to acidic or alcohol 517 00:34:04,760 --> 00:34:07,800 Speaker 1: e could could melt the sugar and gelatin structures and 518 00:34:07,800 --> 00:34:11,319 Speaker 1: and just leave you with it goose soup. I don't 519 00:34:11,360 --> 00:34:14,719 Speaker 1: want it. No. Then to finish it off, you you 520 00:34:14,840 --> 00:34:17,880 Speaker 1: kind of quickly scraped the mallow batter into a greased 521 00:34:17,920 --> 00:34:21,800 Speaker 1: pan and let it sit either uncovered or loosely covered 522 00:34:22,040 --> 00:34:24,680 Speaker 1: until it's firm a couple hours or up to overnight, 523 00:34:25,239 --> 00:34:27,520 Speaker 1: and then just cut him into chunks, cut him with 524 00:34:27,560 --> 00:34:30,239 Speaker 1: equal parts corn starch and sugar, and impress all of 525 00:34:30,239 --> 00:34:35,080 Speaker 1: your friends with delicious, light, fluffy home made marshmallows. And 526 00:34:35,200 --> 00:34:38,400 Speaker 1: I have been impressed by a friend with home made marshmallows. 527 00:34:38,719 --> 00:34:41,520 Speaker 1: So you you had to tell the tell the story. 528 00:34:41,560 --> 00:34:46,600 Speaker 1: It's a good story. I was about to leave for 529 00:34:46,760 --> 00:34:50,400 Speaker 1: eight months um to be in Australia, and I was 530 00:34:50,440 --> 00:34:53,520 Speaker 1: at the airport and a friend of mine showed up. 531 00:34:53,520 --> 00:34:55,160 Speaker 1: I didn't know she was going to show up to 532 00:34:55,520 --> 00:34:58,680 Speaker 1: say goodbye to me, and she has with her this container, 533 00:34:59,200 --> 00:35:01,279 Speaker 1: and she didn't it was in it. She opened it 534 00:35:01,320 --> 00:35:05,200 Speaker 1: with like all this drama, and it was. I couldn't 535 00:35:05,200 --> 00:35:07,040 Speaker 1: tell what it was at first because she hadn't cut 536 00:35:07,080 --> 00:35:09,880 Speaker 1: them up, but it was a layer of homemade marshmallows. 537 00:35:11,480 --> 00:35:14,879 Speaker 1: And I was both very delighted and happy she gave 538 00:35:14,920 --> 00:35:17,200 Speaker 1: them to me, and very confused as to why she 539 00:35:17,280 --> 00:35:20,240 Speaker 1: gave them to me right before I got onto a plane. 540 00:35:20,880 --> 00:35:24,080 Speaker 1: I hadn't even gone through security. I don't know, are 541 00:35:24,120 --> 00:35:26,560 Speaker 1: they gonna let me take this massive marshmallow with me? 542 00:35:27,640 --> 00:35:30,799 Speaker 1: Is this a gel? I'm not sure it's more than 543 00:35:30,880 --> 00:35:35,240 Speaker 1: three ounces. Yes, But they were delicious. They were vanilla flavored, 544 00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:40,680 Speaker 1: very good. I was impressed. Um. And and by the way, 545 00:35:40,800 --> 00:35:43,400 Speaker 1: of all the pain that marshmallows kind of are to 546 00:35:43,520 --> 00:35:47,319 Speaker 1: make cleanup is a breeze because they're made of water 547 00:35:47,400 --> 00:35:52,200 Speaker 1: soluble things. Sugar dissolves. It's so nice gelatin too. Yeah, 548 00:35:52,320 --> 00:35:54,680 Speaker 1: so that's a plus. All that hard work, but at 549 00:35:54,719 --> 00:35:59,040 Speaker 1: least the cleanup will be easy. Yeah, And that is 550 00:36:00,000 --> 00:36:03,000 Speaker 1: pretty much all we have on Marshmallows for Each day 551 00:36:04,239 --> 00:36:09,480 Speaker 1: brings us to listen to mail. You guys have been 552 00:36:09,520 --> 00:36:12,000 Speaker 1: sending it so much listener mail, I feel like we 553 00:36:12,040 --> 00:36:14,880 Speaker 1: could just read listener mail. Oh yeah, I think some. 554 00:36:15,000 --> 00:36:16,680 Speaker 1: I think a couple of the shows around here have 555 00:36:16,880 --> 00:36:20,160 Speaker 1: whole days where they just do a listener mail episode. Well, 556 00:36:20,480 --> 00:36:24,160 Speaker 1: we're nearing that point because everyone I read it. It's 557 00:36:24,200 --> 00:36:29,360 Speaker 1: it's it's great. Um. Tom B sent as a message 558 00:36:29,360 --> 00:36:33,080 Speaker 1: with the subject line pineapple. That's one of the best 559 00:36:33,120 --> 00:36:38,839 Speaker 1: subject lines that anyone could send I know. Ever excellently 560 00:36:38,920 --> 00:36:43,399 Speaker 1: crafted the history of humanity there, he wrote A long 561 00:36:43,440 --> 00:36:45,959 Speaker 1: time ago in college, I dated a woman who lived 562 00:36:45,960 --> 00:36:48,880 Speaker 1: in a house on campus with other students. One of 563 00:36:48,920 --> 00:36:51,680 Speaker 1: the other women living there was dating a baseball player, 564 00:36:52,040 --> 00:36:55,239 Speaker 1: and the team sold pineapples one year as a fundraiser. 565 00:36:55,920 --> 00:36:58,400 Speaker 1: The fruits were delivered in December, and of course the 566 00:36:58,520 --> 00:37:01,839 Speaker 1: woman living with my friend got one and she left 567 00:37:01,880 --> 00:37:04,040 Speaker 1: it in the house of her break and through January 568 00:37:04,040 --> 00:37:06,920 Speaker 1: because she was off. Then one night my girlfriend and 569 00:37:06,960 --> 00:37:10,160 Speaker 1: I were in the living room studying really when we 570 00:37:10,200 --> 00:37:12,360 Speaker 1: heard a loud noise in the kitchen. We went to 571 00:37:12,440 --> 00:37:15,960 Speaker 1: check on it and found the pineapple had exploded, flinging 572 00:37:15,960 --> 00:37:19,200 Speaker 1: pieces of fruit and juice all over the kitchen. There 573 00:37:19,280 --> 00:37:22,680 Speaker 1: was also the very strong odor of alcohol. The thing 574 00:37:22,760 --> 00:37:25,680 Speaker 1: had sat there and fermented until the pressure got to 575 00:37:25,719 --> 00:37:28,719 Speaker 1: be too great and it let go. The pieces of 576 00:37:28,719 --> 00:37:32,120 Speaker 1: fruit that had landed in more sanitary locations were very popular, 577 00:37:32,560 --> 00:37:34,680 Speaker 1: as the other women living there got home that night. 578 00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:39,040 Speaker 1: But it was a real mast to clean up. I 579 00:37:39,080 --> 00:37:43,080 Speaker 1: love that. I've never heard of that. Yeah, but that's amazing, 580 00:37:43,120 --> 00:37:47,360 Speaker 1: and I'm sure that the mess was incredible. Yeah. Pineapple 581 00:37:47,400 --> 00:37:54,200 Speaker 1: grenade ah oh. I also also pineapple liquor, I know, 582 00:37:56,000 --> 00:38:00,319 Speaker 1: like pineapple wine. All right. Jessica also wrote in with 583 00:38:00,400 --> 00:38:04,560 Speaker 1: this botox note. She says, I just finished Honey Part 584 00:38:04,600 --> 00:38:07,239 Speaker 1: two and I wanted to point out one thing about botox. 585 00:38:07,280 --> 00:38:09,760 Speaker 1: I know it's not food related, but it's really interesting. 586 00:38:10,000 --> 00:38:14,600 Speaker 1: I agree. Botox was initially developed by pediatric optimologists to 587 00:38:14,760 --> 00:38:18,600 Speaker 1: treat double vision or strub busmus. It wasn't until after 588 00:38:18,760 --> 00:38:21,680 Speaker 1: this treatment was being used for decades, I think that 589 00:38:21,760 --> 00:38:25,439 Speaker 1: it became used for cosmetic purposes. And hijacked by dermatology 590 00:38:25,480 --> 00:38:28,360 Speaker 1: and plastic surgery. As an optimologist, it's a bit of 591 00:38:28,440 --> 00:38:30,799 Speaker 1: a peeve that most people think botox was invented by 592 00:38:30,800 --> 00:38:33,360 Speaker 1: plastic surgeons for wrinkles, when in fact, it was created 593 00:38:33,360 --> 00:38:36,520 Speaker 1: by eye doctors to help kids with crossed eyes. Anyways, 594 00:38:36,560 --> 00:38:38,680 Speaker 1: back to bettering myself by putting all the new ways 595 00:38:38,719 --> 00:38:41,640 Speaker 1: to use honey in every moment of my life into action. 596 00:38:42,920 --> 00:38:45,520 Speaker 1: H Yeah, yeah, no, it's a it's it's a very 597 00:38:45,600 --> 00:38:48,719 Speaker 1: it's a super useful substance. And uh, I hope that 598 00:38:48,760 --> 00:38:51,799 Speaker 1: I didn't gloss over that part too much in in 599 00:38:51,840 --> 00:38:55,160 Speaker 1: that Honey episode because it's it really is just an 600 00:38:55,160 --> 00:38:58,840 Speaker 1: absolute miracle worker for some things. Yeah, I think Honey was. 601 00:38:59,160 --> 00:39:00,960 Speaker 1: It was very difficult for us not to go on 602 00:39:01,000 --> 00:39:04,480 Speaker 1: tantons about oh talk, spotulism, bees. There's just so much 603 00:39:04,520 --> 00:39:08,160 Speaker 1: interesting stuff surrounding Honey, and we were like, there's enough 604 00:39:08,200 --> 00:39:10,879 Speaker 1: with Honey. We can can't afford to go in all 605 00:39:10,880 --> 00:39:16,680 Speaker 1: these directions. It will be a seventeen hour podcast, yeah us. 606 00:39:17,280 --> 00:39:20,080 Speaker 1: Uh And speaking of Honey, Amanda sent us an email 607 00:39:20,080 --> 00:39:22,640 Speaker 1: about her experience with meta honey and how it worked 608 00:39:22,640 --> 00:39:25,799 Speaker 1: closing and infected wound when nothing else was doing the 609 00:39:25,840 --> 00:39:28,400 Speaker 1: trick and apparently it's thick and it looks like honey, 610 00:39:28,400 --> 00:39:30,080 Speaker 1: and it smells like honey. She said to you even tried, 611 00:39:30,160 --> 00:39:32,920 Speaker 1: it wasn't quite as sweet. Um. And so that's pretty 612 00:39:32,920 --> 00:39:35,520 Speaker 1: cool to hear from someone who's used this modern take 613 00:39:35,600 --> 00:39:39,919 Speaker 1: on Honey's medicinal uses. Yeah. Absolutely. We We also did 614 00:39:39,960 --> 00:39:42,720 Speaker 1: put some of those tangents about bees and stuff into 615 00:39:42,760 --> 00:39:47,120 Speaker 1: a video that is currently available on Amazon. It is. 616 00:39:47,160 --> 00:39:51,120 Speaker 1: It's on Amazon Prime in the US. You don't have 617 00:39:51,200 --> 00:39:53,719 Speaker 1: to have Prime. You can watch it for free, but 618 00:39:53,800 --> 00:39:56,480 Speaker 1: you will get an AD and it's also available on 619 00:39:56,520 --> 00:40:02,960 Speaker 1: our website. Oh yeah, speaking of video, we we did 620 00:40:02,960 --> 00:40:05,000 Speaker 1: shoot a video up at Malvie Marshmallows when we were 621 00:40:05,080 --> 00:40:09,360 Speaker 1: there and we're working on getting that together. So perhaps 622 00:40:09,360 --> 00:40:11,400 Speaker 1: by the time this episode is out, it will it 623 00:40:11,440 --> 00:40:13,479 Speaker 1: will be out as well. We tried to time these things. 624 00:40:13,640 --> 00:40:17,239 Speaker 1: We try. Yeah, I always succeed. Um. And and thanks 625 00:40:17,280 --> 00:40:20,920 Speaker 1: so much to uh, to Malvie Marshmallows and Laura there 626 00:40:21,280 --> 00:40:23,560 Speaker 1: for working with us and giving us a little bit 627 00:40:23,560 --> 00:40:29,160 Speaker 1: of marshmallow knowledge. Yeah, he was awesome. Yeah. Thanks also 628 00:40:29,200 --> 00:40:33,319 Speaker 1: to Tristan McNeil, our audio engineer, and to you guys 629 00:40:33,360 --> 00:40:36,160 Speaker 1: for listening. If if you guys would like to send 630 00:40:36,239 --> 00:40:40,360 Speaker 1: us emails about fruit bombs or anything else. We have 631 00:40:40,400 --> 00:40:43,120 Speaker 1: an email address, yes it is food Stuff at how 632 00:40:43,160 --> 00:40:45,399 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com. If you're not into that whole 633 00:40:45,440 --> 00:40:50,560 Speaker 1: email thing, um, then we've got a Twitter and Facebook. 634 00:40:51,000 --> 00:40:54,840 Speaker 1: Both of those are our handles are food Stuff HSW 635 00:40:54,880 --> 00:40:59,960 Speaker 1: We're on Instagram as food stuff Simple. We hope that 636 00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:03,040 Speaker 1: we'll hear from you, and we hope that in the meanwhile, 637 00:41:03,239 --> 00:41:06,799 Speaker 1: lots of good things are coming your way.