1 00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:06,680 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind from how Stuff 2 00:00:06,680 --> 00:00:14,160 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, welcome to Stuff to Blow your Mind. 3 00:00:14,240 --> 00:00:16,680 Speaker 1: My name is Robert Lamb, and I'm Julie Douglas. Julie, 4 00:00:16,720 --> 00:00:18,160 Speaker 1: did you ever see a little film by the name 5 00:00:18,200 --> 00:00:21,360 Speaker 1: of Fantastic Voyde. I've not seen it in its entirety, 6 00:00:21,360 --> 00:00:24,520 Speaker 1: but I've seen clips and it is a pretty wonderful, 7 00:00:24,760 --> 00:00:29,800 Speaker 1: funny glvie. Yeah, this was six and it's the plot 8 00:00:29,840 --> 00:00:33,560 Speaker 1: involves like a diplomat is nearly assassinated, and so in 9 00:00:33,680 --> 00:00:35,479 Speaker 1: order to save him, the government is going to go 10 00:00:35,479 --> 00:00:39,360 Speaker 1: to ridiculous sci fi extremes. Right, He's got a blood 11 00:00:39,400 --> 00:00:42,400 Speaker 1: clot in his brain, right, so the natural thing to 12 00:00:42,400 --> 00:00:45,279 Speaker 1: do is, let's build a special submarine. Then let's use 13 00:00:46,600 --> 00:00:51,720 Speaker 1: mysterious technology to actually shrink the submarine down so small 14 00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:55,200 Speaker 1: that it can that it can swim around inside the 15 00:00:55,240 --> 00:00:58,240 Speaker 1: bloodstream inside the human body and actually address this problem 16 00:00:58,240 --> 00:01:00,680 Speaker 1: on a micro scale. And we're also shrinking down an 17 00:01:00,760 --> 00:01:05,440 Speaker 1: entire crew to manage, which includes uh oh, Donald Pleasants, 18 00:01:05,440 --> 00:01:10,280 Speaker 1: the young James Brolin and uh and of course yeah, 19 00:01:10,319 --> 00:01:13,279 Speaker 1: of course, um. And it is just it's so funny 20 00:01:13,319 --> 00:01:15,039 Speaker 1: to watch because you're like they're kind of trying to 21 00:01:15,120 --> 00:01:18,920 Speaker 1: swim through the body and they mean, it's just it's 22 00:01:19,040 --> 00:01:22,559 Speaker 1: very uh a low tech. Obviously, it's incredibly well lit 23 00:01:22,640 --> 00:01:25,399 Speaker 1: inside the human body in that film too, despite the 24 00:01:25,400 --> 00:01:28,520 Speaker 1: fact that there's no light inside there. It's it's like 25 00:01:28,560 --> 00:01:31,479 Speaker 1: the whole the old thing about outside of a dog. 26 00:01:32,240 --> 00:01:34,600 Speaker 1: What is the thing outside of a dog? The book 27 00:01:34,680 --> 00:01:36,920 Speaker 1: is a man, that man's best friend, but inside of 28 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:41,119 Speaker 1: a dog it's too dark to see. Oh okay, yeah, yeah, alright, 29 00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:45,920 Speaker 1: alright with that, so anyway, I digress. Uh, fantastic voyage, 30 00:01:46,120 --> 00:01:50,400 Speaker 1: great film. Isaac Asimov wrote the screenplay after being assured 31 00:01:50,400 --> 00:01:51,880 Speaker 1: that he could fix the plot holes and sort of 32 00:01:51,880 --> 00:01:56,160 Speaker 1: tweak the science and then uh. Younger audiences are probably 33 00:01:56,200 --> 00:02:00,160 Speaker 1: familiar with The Ven's inter Space, which was a Joe 34 00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:03,480 Speaker 1: Dante film that started Dennis Quaid, Martin Short, Meg, Ryan 35 00:02:03,960 --> 00:02:06,440 Speaker 1: and Uh and also some older names in the form 36 00:02:06,480 --> 00:02:10,200 Speaker 1: of Kevin McCarthy and Henry Gibson. And this was this. 37 00:02:10,400 --> 00:02:15,000 Speaker 1: Did you see this? This was an amazing picture. I 38 00:02:15,080 --> 00:02:16,880 Speaker 1: probably could not watch it today, but as a kid 39 00:02:16,919 --> 00:02:19,720 Speaker 1: it was. It was fabulous because you have Dennis Quaid 40 00:02:19,800 --> 00:02:22,880 Speaker 1: is a hot shot like fighter Jock who ends up 41 00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:26,480 Speaker 1: getting miniaturized inside this little submarine, and then the submarine 42 00:02:26,520 --> 00:02:31,080 Speaker 1: is injected into Martin shortz buttocks, and so most of 43 00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:34,040 Speaker 1: the film is Martin Short like freaking out and doing 44 00:02:34,200 --> 00:02:37,400 Speaker 1: freaky things because Dennis Quaid is sort of tinkering and 45 00:02:37,400 --> 00:02:40,560 Speaker 1: puppeting with him inside with this little submarine. And then 46 00:02:40,680 --> 00:02:44,480 Speaker 1: later in the film, a second submarine is injected into 47 00:02:44,480 --> 00:02:46,840 Speaker 1: Martin Short and then so it's like a villain in 48 00:02:46,880 --> 00:02:49,040 Speaker 1: one submarine and then Dennis Quaid and the other and 49 00:02:49,040 --> 00:02:52,360 Speaker 1: they duke it out in Martin and shwortz gut. That 50 00:02:52,400 --> 00:02:54,920 Speaker 1: sounds about right, Yeah, yeah, yeah, I mean I was 51 00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:57,600 Speaker 1: kind of wondering what role Martin Short would take in 52 00:02:57,960 --> 00:03:00,519 Speaker 1: and that that totally makes sense. I'll want to note 53 00:03:00,520 --> 00:03:03,400 Speaker 1: the benign violation theory here right when we talked about 54 00:03:03,400 --> 00:03:06,639 Speaker 1: how humor works. Here you have he's got something that's 55 00:03:06,760 --> 00:03:09,720 Speaker 1: put up his bumb right, but it's well, it's not 56 00:03:09,760 --> 00:03:13,560 Speaker 1: put up, it's more put here in his bumba. But 57 00:03:13,639 --> 00:03:17,240 Speaker 1: they're dude duking it out in his bowels. Yeah, and 58 00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:19,840 Speaker 1: somehow that's funny and not so much violating. There is 59 00:03:20,040 --> 00:03:22,760 Speaker 1: in this mild spoiler, but there's an awesome scene where 60 00:03:22,800 --> 00:03:25,239 Speaker 1: the where Dennis quad is fighting the bad guy off, 61 00:03:25,240 --> 00:03:27,680 Speaker 1: and the bad guy has to jettison his suit, so 62 00:03:27,720 --> 00:03:29,960 Speaker 1: he's just like in a like a kind of a 63 00:03:30,000 --> 00:03:33,000 Speaker 1: diving suit and he's on the outside of Dennis quakes 64 00:03:33,040 --> 00:03:36,280 Speaker 1: submarine trying to like drill through the glass screen. And 65 00:03:36,360 --> 00:03:39,120 Speaker 1: so Dennis Quaid like puts his suit his submarine into 66 00:03:39,200 --> 00:03:42,080 Speaker 1: dive and goes into the stomach acid and then uh, 67 00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:44,400 Speaker 1: and so it dissolves like all the skin off of 68 00:03:44,400 --> 00:03:47,280 Speaker 1: the villain. He's just his skeletons clinging to the outside 69 00:03:47,280 --> 00:03:51,040 Speaker 1: of the submarine. And it's and it's awesome if you're eight. Well, 70 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:54,040 Speaker 1: and I mean, I kind of think that's what's happening 71 00:03:54,040 --> 00:03:57,000 Speaker 1: in my stomach right now. Yet a really heavy breakfast. 72 00:03:57,480 --> 00:03:59,440 Speaker 1: But of course we're talking about all of this because 73 00:04:00,160 --> 00:04:03,000 Speaker 1: this this seemed like a dream right when it was 74 00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:06,680 Speaker 1: first introduced to the audiences, right, this idea that you 75 00:04:06,680 --> 00:04:10,240 Speaker 1: could shrink technology and you could take this fantastic voyage 76 00:04:10,240 --> 00:04:12,960 Speaker 1: through the body. But as we'll discussing this podcast, uh, 77 00:04:13,960 --> 00:04:17,320 Speaker 1: the technology is here, We're already making some pretty fantastic 78 00:04:17,360 --> 00:04:20,520 Speaker 1: voyages and as we look look into the future, um, 79 00:04:20,920 --> 00:04:23,760 Speaker 1: the technology is just going to get that much more amazing. So, 80 00:04:24,120 --> 00:04:26,520 Speaker 1: but before we talk about shrinking down Roquel Welch and 81 00:04:26,560 --> 00:04:29,720 Speaker 1: putting her in your small intestine, we should probably talk 82 00:04:29,760 --> 00:04:33,280 Speaker 1: about what we did in the past to peer into 83 00:04:33,320 --> 00:04:38,200 Speaker 1: the digestive system right and digestion and it's many problems. 84 00:04:38,279 --> 00:04:40,520 Speaker 1: I mean, we've always been obsessed with this. We've always 85 00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:43,400 Speaker 1: been trying to figure out why, what well, how does 86 00:04:43,440 --> 00:04:46,200 Speaker 1: it work? And why does it rarely seem to work well? 87 00:04:46,240 --> 00:04:49,239 Speaker 1: Hence the pooping duck right right, the pooping duck. Um. 88 00:04:49,279 --> 00:04:51,320 Speaker 1: I was looking through a book of you're familiar with 89 00:04:51,440 --> 00:04:55,440 Speaker 1: with neudrius right the whole the hand, the hands symbols 90 00:04:55,480 --> 00:05:00,000 Speaker 1: and hand configurations in in Buddhism and Huduism, and there 91 00:05:00,080 --> 00:05:03,080 Speaker 1: whole lot of them, like an enormous number of moodras 92 00:05:03,080 --> 00:05:06,840 Speaker 1: are related to to digestion and sort of tweaking your 93 00:05:06,880 --> 00:05:11,920 Speaker 1: digestion through a particular energy flows. So scientifically and non scientifically, 94 00:05:12,320 --> 00:05:15,240 Speaker 1: it's been a hot topic for a while, but for 95 00:05:15,279 --> 00:05:18,000 Speaker 1: the longest we weren't actually really able to observe what's 96 00:05:18,000 --> 00:05:21,160 Speaker 1: happening in there. Again, hey, there's no light and uh 97 00:05:21,360 --> 00:05:24,520 Speaker 1: and be we can't really turn ourselves inside out or 98 00:05:24,760 --> 00:05:27,200 Speaker 1: no one and we certainly can't miniaturize ourselves and go 99 00:05:27,320 --> 00:05:31,680 Speaker 1: in and witness digestion firsthand. We only had the autopsies 100 00:05:31,839 --> 00:05:34,400 Speaker 1: and and and sort of you know, diagnosis of symptoms 101 00:05:34,440 --> 00:05:37,599 Speaker 1: to go on, but no real time observation of what's 102 00:05:37,600 --> 00:05:44,279 Speaker 1: going on until undreds Dr William Bowman. Dr William Bowman, Yeah, 103 00:05:44,320 --> 00:05:47,719 Speaker 1: it's pretty pretty amazing, dude. His his family were British 104 00:05:47,760 --> 00:05:51,039 Speaker 1: and they moved to the colonies. He was like twenty six. 105 00:05:51,120 --> 00:05:53,560 Speaker 1: He was enlicted as a surgeon's mate in the U. S. Army. 106 00:05:53,640 --> 00:05:56,160 Speaker 1: So so he it's it's important to note of for 107 00:05:56,240 --> 00:05:57,760 Speaker 1: what's about to come, that that he saw a lot 108 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:00,480 Speaker 1: of a lot of battlefield injuries, a lot of blood 109 00:06:00,520 --> 00:06:02,600 Speaker 1: and guts, a lot of blood and guts, and then 110 00:06:02,880 --> 00:06:05,160 Speaker 1: a particular case of blood and guts came his way 111 00:06:05,320 --> 00:06:10,160 Speaker 1: on June six. The American Fur Company was in Macana, 112 00:06:10,279 --> 00:06:14,000 Speaker 1: island of French Canadian property right now part of Michigan. Yeah, 113 00:06:14,240 --> 00:06:17,840 Speaker 1: and uh, there's a voyager by the name of Alexei St. Martin. 114 00:06:18,040 --> 00:06:19,680 Speaker 1: This is the guy that paddles around in a canoe. 115 00:06:19,760 --> 00:06:22,560 Speaker 1: He picks up first and of Native American trappers and 116 00:06:22,800 --> 00:06:24,920 Speaker 1: delivers them to fur companies. So is that kind of thing, 117 00:06:25,040 --> 00:06:29,400 Speaker 1: a very sort of classic French Canadian kind of thing. Um. 118 00:06:29,480 --> 00:06:31,880 Speaker 1: And the point you said, you were saying earlier that 119 00:06:32,040 --> 00:06:35,240 Speaker 1: that's still pretty much how things roll on Mcanal. Oh yeah, yeah, 120 00:06:35,240 --> 00:06:38,560 Speaker 1: every everything is you know, pretty much horse carriage driven 121 00:06:38,560 --> 00:06:43,640 Speaker 1: there and lots of good fudge covered pretzels. Well for trappers. 122 00:06:44,920 --> 00:06:48,159 Speaker 1: Alexei St. Martin. He ends up suffering an injury though 123 00:06:48,240 --> 00:06:51,400 Speaker 1: basically a musket goes off by accident, blasts a whole 124 00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:54,760 Speaker 1: in his abdomen. Yeah, and it's about the size of 125 00:06:54,800 --> 00:06:57,520 Speaker 1: a of a man's palm, according to the ride ups, 126 00:06:57,760 --> 00:07:01,839 Speaker 1: and Dr Beaumont starts to treat him right right, the 127 00:07:01,960 --> 00:07:04,640 Speaker 1: natural thing, of course, let's fix the fix the ailment 128 00:07:04,680 --> 00:07:08,320 Speaker 1: and close that hole in your stomach because it, I mean, 129 00:07:08,360 --> 00:07:11,160 Speaker 1: it's pretty ghastly wound. Yeah, And again he was no 130 00:07:11,240 --> 00:07:13,840 Speaker 1: stranger to blood and guts um. And in fact, he 131 00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:17,240 Speaker 1: you know, before he even discovered them, the extent of 132 00:07:17,280 --> 00:07:21,080 Speaker 1: the wound. He had carved off a bit of St. 133 00:07:21,120 --> 00:07:23,840 Speaker 1: Martin's ribs and he could stuff the lung back in 134 00:07:25,000 --> 00:07:28,480 Speaker 1: and then apply a poultice. Right, But before doing so, 135 00:07:28,600 --> 00:07:32,440 Speaker 1: he noticed that he could peer into the into his stomach. St. 136 00:07:32,480 --> 00:07:35,960 Speaker 1: Martin's stomach and actually see his breakfast there. Yeah, it 137 00:07:36,080 --> 00:07:38,480 Speaker 1: was to the point, like their descriptions in the text 138 00:07:38,840 --> 00:07:42,239 Speaker 1: that like food and drink would slash out of this hole. Yeah, 139 00:07:42,400 --> 00:07:44,960 Speaker 1: it's it's pretty pretty gross sounding. But as we mentioned, 140 00:07:45,200 --> 00:07:48,360 Speaker 1: this is as a doctor views this as an inquisitive 141 00:07:48,760 --> 00:07:52,320 Speaker 1: mind looks at this hole. Obviously, he's thinking about the 142 00:07:52,600 --> 00:07:55,080 Speaker 1: possibilities here first and foremost, he try he's trying to 143 00:07:55,120 --> 00:07:57,600 Speaker 1: help this guy, trying to heal him, trying to heal him. 144 00:07:58,080 --> 00:08:00,360 Speaker 1: But then he I think that the gears are already 145 00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:02,679 Speaker 1: working because the first thing he does is he hires 146 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:06,000 Speaker 1: alexey On in April of eighteen twenty three as a 147 00:08:06,000 --> 00:08:09,760 Speaker 1: is if his families live in handyman shopping wood, mowing 148 00:08:09,800 --> 00:08:12,920 Speaker 1: the fields, all that sort of stuff. And he waits, 149 00:08:13,080 --> 00:08:16,440 Speaker 1: he waits a couple of years before until August the 150 00:08:16,480 --> 00:08:21,600 Speaker 1: first to actually get the experiment rolling right, because at 151 00:08:21,640 --> 00:08:24,160 Speaker 1: this point has become very obvious, obvious that this is 152 00:08:24,160 --> 00:08:26,920 Speaker 1: a gastric fistula. It is not going to heal. He's 153 00:08:26,920 --> 00:08:28,920 Speaker 1: going to have this gaping hole in his stomach his 154 00:08:29,040 --> 00:08:31,360 Speaker 1: whole life. Yeah, and you can just imagine during that too, 155 00:08:31,520 --> 00:08:35,400 Speaker 1: like during that two year stint, like did he did 156 00:08:35,400 --> 00:08:38,320 Speaker 1: he sort of work up to it. You know what? 157 00:08:38,880 --> 00:08:42,080 Speaker 1: At what point did he say, Hey, Alexei, Um, I 158 00:08:42,120 --> 00:08:44,880 Speaker 1: got this idea. Would would you be cool? It's say 159 00:08:44,960 --> 00:08:47,840 Speaker 1: tomorrow morning, instead of doing some yardwork, you came into 160 00:08:47,840 --> 00:08:50,760 Speaker 1: the office and I took some little pieces of meat 161 00:08:50,800 --> 00:08:53,040 Speaker 1: and tied him to strings and I dangled him through 162 00:08:53,080 --> 00:08:56,079 Speaker 1: that hole in your belly. Yeah, do you mind if 163 00:08:56,120 --> 00:08:59,880 Speaker 1: you are a human fond pot for me? Yeah? Gaster 164 00:09:00,120 --> 00:09:02,520 Speaker 1: fun to Yeah. Can you imagine like that? That would 165 00:09:02,520 --> 00:09:04,719 Speaker 1: be a very awkward conversation, And in fact, I think 166 00:09:04,720 --> 00:09:07,400 Speaker 1: that would be a very awkward work arrangement for as 167 00:09:07,440 --> 00:09:09,520 Speaker 1: long as they had. Of course, I instantly think of 168 00:09:09,559 --> 00:09:13,000 Speaker 1: the classical art images of doubting Thomas and Jesus Christ 169 00:09:13,120 --> 00:09:15,760 Speaker 1: with wound in his side, and Thomas has to stick 170 00:09:15,760 --> 00:09:17,800 Speaker 1: his finger in the in the wound to see if 171 00:09:17,840 --> 00:09:21,440 Speaker 1: it's real. And I mean the comparison here is obvious. 172 00:09:21,520 --> 00:09:24,000 Speaker 1: I mean, Beaumont is a doubting Thomas. He's a very 173 00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:26,599 Speaker 1: inquisitive individual and he cannot help but poke around in 174 00:09:26,640 --> 00:09:28,920 Speaker 1: that hole because there are answers in that hole. Well, 175 00:09:29,000 --> 00:09:31,840 Speaker 1: and up until now, scientists could not figure out what 176 00:09:31,880 --> 00:09:34,720 Speaker 1: digestion was about. Was it mechanical, like was it grinding 177 00:09:34,800 --> 00:09:37,360 Speaker 1: up things, because that's how did they know? Or was 178 00:09:37,400 --> 00:09:40,560 Speaker 1: it chemical? And here he has a specimen in front 179 00:09:40,600 --> 00:09:44,080 Speaker 1: of him in in the form of St. Martin, and yeah, 180 00:09:44,160 --> 00:09:48,640 Speaker 1: he starts doing some things that seem uh kind of disgusting, Yeah, 181 00:09:48,720 --> 00:09:52,199 Speaker 1: but very incightful. Like they started off rather simple with 182 00:09:52,559 --> 00:09:54,720 Speaker 1: for instance, the meat on the strength thing, like, get 183 00:09:54,760 --> 00:09:56,840 Speaker 1: a few different pieces of meat, tie strings to them, 184 00:09:56,920 --> 00:09:59,800 Speaker 1: dangle them through the hole, and then after an hour 185 00:09:59,840 --> 00:10:01,840 Speaker 1: has pasted, pull out one of the pieces of meat, 186 00:10:02,240 --> 00:10:06,320 Speaker 1: see what what what rate has it digested? An hour later, 187 00:10:06,679 --> 00:10:09,000 Speaker 1: two hours have passed, you pull out a second piece 188 00:10:09,040 --> 00:10:11,280 Speaker 1: of meat. After three hours have passed, you pull out 189 00:10:11,280 --> 00:10:13,440 Speaker 1: a third, and you can compare. You know, it's very 190 00:10:13,640 --> 00:10:16,559 Speaker 1: it's very scientific. Yeah, he's a playing the scientific method 191 00:10:16,600 --> 00:10:19,000 Speaker 1: to this, and he really is earnest and earnest trying 192 00:10:19,040 --> 00:10:22,800 Speaker 1: to research this and um in fact researches it for 193 00:10:22,840 --> 00:10:26,160 Speaker 1: like another decade, not not primarily on um St. Martin, 194 00:10:26,280 --> 00:10:29,760 Speaker 1: but other patients with gastric fistulas, and he comes to 195 00:10:29,800 --> 00:10:33,160 Speaker 1: publish a book on the subject, Experiments and Observations on 196 00:10:33,200 --> 00:10:37,040 Speaker 1: the Gastric Juice and the Physiology of digestion, and he says, definitively, 197 00:10:37,520 --> 00:10:40,079 Speaker 1: here's the deal, Um, this stuff in the stomach is 198 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:44,000 Speaker 1: made up of hydrochloric acid. Your answer, yeah. And the 199 00:10:44,080 --> 00:10:47,240 Speaker 1: various experiments he conducts to to figure this out and 200 00:10:47,240 --> 00:10:51,120 Speaker 1: to and to further explore the particulars of the of 201 00:10:51,200 --> 00:10:53,040 Speaker 1: what's going on in the gut are pretty amazing. Like 202 00:10:53,240 --> 00:10:56,439 Speaker 1: at one point he removes some gastric juice. On several 203 00:10:56,480 --> 00:11:00,440 Speaker 1: points he actually removes the gastric juice from alexei stomach. Uh. 204 00:11:00,520 --> 00:11:03,760 Speaker 1: In particular, one case involved taking some of the juice out, 205 00:11:03,760 --> 00:11:07,000 Speaker 1: putting in a glass, and then putting meat in his belly, 206 00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:10,360 Speaker 1: putting meat in the glass of gastric juice, and then 207 00:11:10,360 --> 00:11:12,760 Speaker 1: putting meat in just a glass of water, and then 208 00:11:12,800 --> 00:11:15,280 Speaker 1: comparing and in this he was able to tell that, yes, 209 00:11:15,320 --> 00:11:19,080 Speaker 1: the gastric juices are essential, but heat is also important, 210 00:11:19,400 --> 00:11:21,520 Speaker 1: and the the sample that's just setting out on his 211 00:11:21,600 --> 00:11:24,160 Speaker 1: desk doesn't have the heat to aid in digestion. He 212 00:11:24,240 --> 00:11:26,920 Speaker 1: was able to study things such as exercise, how exercise 213 00:11:26,960 --> 00:11:29,760 Speaker 1: effects because you know, you dangle some meat inside Alexei 214 00:11:29,880 --> 00:11:32,599 Speaker 1: and then send him out to do some work us 215 00:11:32,600 --> 00:11:35,680 Speaker 1: imagining him on a treadmill, but of course that didn't exist. Yeah, yeah, 216 00:11:35,720 --> 00:11:38,480 Speaker 1: he was probably chopping wood or doing you know, attending 217 00:11:38,520 --> 00:11:42,120 Speaker 1: to his other duties around the property. Or Another thing 218 00:11:42,120 --> 00:11:44,680 Speaker 1: that would happen is that Alexei would occasionally become irritable 219 00:11:45,240 --> 00:11:48,320 Speaker 1: during all this whole poking and uh and that would 220 00:11:48,360 --> 00:11:52,800 Speaker 1: be measurable to determine how how emotion, how agitation affects 221 00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:56,160 Speaker 1: our digestion and uh. In the whole time he's he's 222 00:11:56,160 --> 00:11:59,200 Speaker 1: also testing various meats to see what the rate, like, 223 00:11:59,200 --> 00:12:01,760 Speaker 1: how how does chicken stack up against beef? At one 224 00:12:01,800 --> 00:12:05,840 Speaker 1: point he uh puts twelve raw oysters to let directly 225 00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:09,800 Speaker 1: through the stomach hole. Sounds about right, right right, and 226 00:12:09,920 --> 00:12:13,080 Speaker 1: uh and yeah, this continues for about a decade and 227 00:12:13,120 --> 00:12:16,320 Speaker 1: it and it really is important work in our in 228 00:12:16,320 --> 00:12:20,120 Speaker 1: our historical understanding of how the digestive system works. Yeah, 229 00:12:20,160 --> 00:12:23,720 Speaker 1: thanks to St. Martin. And the crazy thing too, is 230 00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:26,360 Speaker 1: that Alexei St. Martin lived to the eighty six years old. 231 00:12:26,600 --> 00:12:30,000 Speaker 1: That's fifty eight years after his accident. That alone is amazing, 232 00:12:30,160 --> 00:12:31,920 Speaker 1: but along the way he was able to make kind 233 00:12:31,920 --> 00:12:34,160 Speaker 1: of a career out of this. Well. Also amazing because 234 00:12:34,200 --> 00:12:36,719 Speaker 1: duct tape wasn't invented yet, right, I mean, how how 235 00:12:36,840 --> 00:12:40,240 Speaker 1: is he you know keeping um, you know, presumably he 236 00:12:40,280 --> 00:12:43,280 Speaker 1: was changing out the poultices. Yeah, um, that we're covering 237 00:12:43,320 --> 00:12:46,679 Speaker 1: the wound. But I mean that is incredible. I mean 238 00:12:46,679 --> 00:12:49,920 Speaker 1: he outlived but yeah, and at one point he had 239 00:12:49,960 --> 00:12:52,480 Speaker 1: moved away and then he ended up moving back with 240 00:12:52,559 --> 00:12:55,319 Speaker 1: his family, like Billmont was able to let to lure 241 00:12:55,400 --> 00:12:59,000 Speaker 1: him back into these experiments. Yeah, there's no real definitive 242 00:12:59,000 --> 00:13:02,280 Speaker 1: accounts there, but there there there's some suggestions that the 243 00:13:03,120 --> 00:13:05,800 Speaker 1: it was an odd relationship and um, as you talked 244 00:13:05,840 --> 00:13:08,720 Speaker 1: about before, the family wasn't very supportive of Hey, let's 245 00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:10,959 Speaker 1: why don't you go let this guy poke around you all? 246 00:13:11,120 --> 00:13:14,640 Speaker 1: You know. Year. Yeah, when he when Alexei finally died 247 00:13:14,720 --> 00:13:18,439 Speaker 1: at this rifled age, his family let his body decompose 248 00:13:18,480 --> 00:13:20,280 Speaker 1: in the sun for a few days before they buried 249 00:13:20,360 --> 00:13:22,920 Speaker 1: him in an unmarked grave because because they didn't want 250 00:13:22,920 --> 00:13:25,640 Speaker 1: people digging and they didn't want an autopsy performed on him. 251 00:13:25,679 --> 00:13:28,160 Speaker 1: They didn't want anybody poking around anymore with him. And 252 00:13:28,160 --> 00:13:30,839 Speaker 1: you know, if to say, look, you really did enough 253 00:13:30,840 --> 00:13:33,760 Speaker 1: of this while he was alive, and we would really 254 00:13:33,760 --> 00:13:36,480 Speaker 1: like to mourn, um, you know, a husband the father 255 00:13:36,640 --> 00:13:39,760 Speaker 1: or a grandfather, and not just a dude with a 256 00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:42,720 Speaker 1: hole in his stomach. He was leave him alone already, 257 00:13:43,080 --> 00:13:45,559 Speaker 1: I think what they were saying. Um. All right, so 258 00:13:45,679 --> 00:13:47,360 Speaker 1: now we know how how it was done in the 259 00:13:47,400 --> 00:13:50,480 Speaker 1: olden days. Um. Right after this message, we'll talk about 260 00:13:50,679 --> 00:13:57,960 Speaker 1: the amazing technology that we had today. All right, we're back. 261 00:13:58,240 --> 00:14:01,160 Speaker 1: Now we're moving into a more modern understanding of of 262 00:14:01,240 --> 00:14:04,520 Speaker 1: what's going on inside the human body and uh in 263 00:14:04,559 --> 00:14:07,600 Speaker 1: our ability to poke around inside it. Long before Beaumont, 264 00:14:07,760 --> 00:14:10,640 Speaker 1: we were of course interested in this, and long before Beaumont, 265 00:14:10,840 --> 00:14:14,320 Speaker 1: doctors were poking around in the various holes in the 266 00:14:14,400 --> 00:14:17,079 Speaker 1: human body. Uh. And you had physicians even as far 267 00:14:17,120 --> 00:14:19,360 Speaker 1: back as the tenth century a d. Who were trying 268 00:14:19,360 --> 00:14:23,120 Speaker 1: to develop devices that would allow them to better see 269 00:14:23,360 --> 00:14:26,479 Speaker 1: the inside of the human body through various body orifices, 270 00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:29,440 Speaker 1: and through the eight hundred you actually you've had several 271 00:14:29,440 --> 00:14:34,080 Speaker 1: scientists attempting to construct actual endoscopic instruments. But it wasn't 272 00:14:34,160 --> 00:14:37,720 Speaker 1: until basically the the mid eighteen hundreds and then eventually 273 00:14:37,960 --> 00:14:41,960 Speaker 1: the early twentieth century that this technology began to really 274 00:14:42,080 --> 00:14:45,080 Speaker 1: take hold. And certainly it was the sixties and seventies 275 00:14:45,200 --> 00:14:49,120 Speaker 1: before we were actually using endoscopic technology to to view 276 00:14:49,160 --> 00:14:52,040 Speaker 1: inside the human body. The indios endoscope. Just think of 277 00:14:52,080 --> 00:14:54,840 Speaker 1: it like a telescope, except instead of looking at the 278 00:14:54,880 --> 00:14:59,960 Speaker 1: cosmos looking outward, we're looking inward. Right, And it pokes 279 00:15:00,080 --> 00:15:03,520 Speaker 1: inside the body through either one of its naturally occurring 280 00:15:03,520 --> 00:15:07,400 Speaker 1: holes or a surgical incision. Right. And a lot of 281 00:15:07,400 --> 00:15:11,560 Speaker 1: people are familiar with this with these endoscopies and colonoscopies. Right. 282 00:15:11,800 --> 00:15:14,320 Speaker 1: And the traditional way to do this as a person 283 00:15:14,320 --> 00:15:18,840 Speaker 1: who goes endoscopic ultrasound and they're sedated prior to this. UM. 284 00:15:18,880 --> 00:15:21,320 Speaker 1: After sedation, the doctor in search the endoscope into the 285 00:15:21,320 --> 00:15:24,360 Speaker 1: person's mouth a rectum and then observes the intestinal track 286 00:15:24,520 --> 00:15:28,520 Speaker 1: on a TV monitor in the ultrasound image on another monitor. 287 00:15:28,760 --> 00:15:30,920 Speaker 1: So this is how we can sort of turn ourselves 288 00:15:30,920 --> 00:15:34,080 Speaker 1: inside out what we've been doing in the past at least. 289 00:15:34,640 --> 00:15:37,400 Speaker 1: So the problem with this, um, I mean, it's a 290 00:15:37,400 --> 00:15:39,800 Speaker 1: great technology, but the problem is that you know, obviously 291 00:15:39,880 --> 00:15:44,200 Speaker 1: the you could accidentally puncture an oregon or some other 292 00:15:44,840 --> 00:15:47,680 Speaker 1: accident that could occur. This doesn't happen a lot, but 293 00:15:47,720 --> 00:15:50,440 Speaker 1: it could result in death. Um, it's a little bit 294 00:15:50,480 --> 00:15:52,720 Speaker 1: more invasive than you probably want it to be, right, Yeah, 295 00:15:52,760 --> 00:15:56,640 Speaker 1: you're ultimately sticking a camera, very narrow camera into a 296 00:15:56,680 --> 00:15:59,720 Speaker 1: hole in the body, So there is the potential first 297 00:15:59,840 --> 00:16:03,520 Speaker 1: for injury to take place. Yeah, but it's incredibly useful 298 00:16:03,600 --> 00:16:08,800 Speaker 1: for trying to detect calling, cancers, digestive disorders, nodules, just 299 00:16:08,960 --> 00:16:11,680 Speaker 1: any number of things that you want to know more 300 00:16:11,720 --> 00:16:15,160 Speaker 1: about that you can only go inside. Yeah. Yeah, it 301 00:16:15,160 --> 00:16:17,680 Speaker 1: allows the doctor to look at things that that they 302 00:16:17,680 --> 00:16:19,600 Speaker 1: otherwise would not be able to see and will not 303 00:16:19,640 --> 00:16:24,000 Speaker 1: be able to examine and diagnose. The technology really became 304 00:16:24,040 --> 00:16:27,600 Speaker 1: advanced around the six That was at the point where 305 00:16:27,640 --> 00:16:31,280 Speaker 1: we had a video computer chip technology that allowed magnification 306 00:16:31,320 --> 00:16:35,040 Speaker 1: and projection of images from an endoscope. So that this 307 00:16:35,120 --> 00:16:37,080 Speaker 1: is for the point where it really began to be 308 00:16:37,400 --> 00:16:41,480 Speaker 1: useful during general surgery, even where you could you could 309 00:16:41,560 --> 00:16:43,760 Speaker 1: you could actually have an image of of what's going 310 00:16:43,760 --> 00:16:46,960 Speaker 1: on inside the human body projected or displayed on the 311 00:16:46,960 --> 00:16:50,600 Speaker 1: television screen during surgery. And then of course, um you 312 00:16:50,720 --> 00:16:54,000 Speaker 1: capsule into scopes came more into vogue in the two 313 00:16:54,000 --> 00:16:57,280 Speaker 1: thousands and they started to be used widely, and at 314 00:16:57,320 --> 00:17:00,520 Speaker 1: that time they were unable to propel themselves. They were 315 00:17:00,560 --> 00:17:03,320 Speaker 1: like more on muscle contractions to move them along but 316 00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:04,920 Speaker 1: the cool part of this is that this is really 317 00:17:04,960 --> 00:17:08,400 Speaker 1: where the fantastic voyage comes into play. Talking about a capsule, 318 00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:11,639 Speaker 1: you know, the size of a vitamin that has the 319 00:17:11,680 --> 00:17:15,920 Speaker 1: camera in it. That is really far less invasive, right, 320 00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:18,919 Speaker 1: it's it's uh. If you think of the digestion system, 321 00:17:19,040 --> 00:17:21,639 Speaker 1: is this is highway that food has to travel and 322 00:17:21,680 --> 00:17:24,800 Speaker 1: it tends to run figures very but it's the digestion 323 00:17:24,840 --> 00:17:27,760 Speaker 1: system from mouth to anus is somewhere between twenty two 324 00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:30,600 Speaker 1: and twenty six ft in length. And if you are 325 00:17:30,760 --> 00:17:35,600 Speaker 1: limited by tethers by a pole, if your car was 326 00:17:35,840 --> 00:17:38,439 Speaker 1: had some sort of rope on the end of it. 327 00:17:38,520 --> 00:17:40,720 Speaker 1: R yeah. Yeah. It's like imagine you had to pump 328 00:17:40,760 --> 00:17:43,920 Speaker 1: gasoline through a hose to your car. You can only 329 00:17:43,960 --> 00:17:46,920 Speaker 1: travel so far. Become before we just become it just 330 00:17:46,960 --> 00:17:49,959 Speaker 1: wouldn't be feasible anymore. Like diving comes to mind as 331 00:17:50,080 --> 00:17:51,800 Speaker 1: you know, an example of this. If you're having to 332 00:17:51,920 --> 00:17:55,920 Speaker 1: pipe air down to the diver. Uh, you know, it 333 00:17:56,080 --> 00:17:57,719 Speaker 1: just becomes more and more of a pain, and it 334 00:17:57,760 --> 00:18:01,880 Speaker 1: becomes it ultimately isn't feasible and want to keep coiling 335 00:18:01,880 --> 00:18:04,800 Speaker 1: out the pipe. What you want is a diver with 336 00:18:04,840 --> 00:18:08,920 Speaker 1: a tank so that they're independent of the of any 337 00:18:08,960 --> 00:18:11,520 Speaker 1: tether to the surface world. And that's what's happening here. 338 00:18:11,520 --> 00:18:13,920 Speaker 1: If you could put it in a capsule, the individual 339 00:18:13,960 --> 00:18:16,520 Speaker 1: can swallow it and you can travel the whole course 340 00:18:16,800 --> 00:18:21,360 Speaker 1: without having wires or lines or anything trailing down one 341 00:18:21,400 --> 00:18:24,719 Speaker 1: orifice or up another. And then a doctor could manipulate right, right, 342 00:18:24,720 --> 00:18:26,760 Speaker 1: Because that's the other thing too. We want to be 343 00:18:26,800 --> 00:18:29,000 Speaker 1: able to manipulate the capsule, and you want to be 344 00:18:29,080 --> 00:18:30,879 Speaker 1: able to fit enough, like you know, you you want 345 00:18:30,880 --> 00:18:32,760 Speaker 1: to get a camera in there, and you're you're gonna 346 00:18:32,760 --> 00:18:34,800 Speaker 1: need power in there, but you don't want to necessarily 347 00:18:34,800 --> 00:18:37,160 Speaker 1: have a couple of double a's, You don't you don't 348 00:18:37,160 --> 00:18:39,280 Speaker 1: want to have to have room in there for digital 349 00:18:39,320 --> 00:18:42,600 Speaker 1: storage of the of the photos because this is this 350 00:18:42,680 --> 00:18:45,359 Speaker 1: is gonna travel through the human body and needs to 351 00:18:45,359 --> 00:18:47,439 Speaker 1: be relatively small in size. It's going to go through 352 00:18:47,440 --> 00:18:49,920 Speaker 1: the poop shoot and you don't want necessarily all that 353 00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:52,560 Speaker 1: data to go into the toilet, right, So you want 354 00:18:52,560 --> 00:18:55,080 Speaker 1: it to go elsewhere so that you have access to it. 355 00:18:55,160 --> 00:18:56,879 Speaker 1: So let's talk a little bit more about the specs 356 00:18:56,920 --> 00:18:59,879 Speaker 1: on this. Yeah, some of these are about the size 357 00:18:59,880 --> 00:19:02,720 Speaker 1: of the vitamin um, but some of the more experimental 358 00:19:02,800 --> 00:19:05,680 Speaker 1: versions have actually gotten down as small as a as 359 00:19:05,680 --> 00:19:10,160 Speaker 1: a piece of rice grain of rice, which is and 360 00:19:10,359 --> 00:19:13,399 Speaker 1: they're able to to solve some of these problems of 361 00:19:13,520 --> 00:19:17,600 Speaker 1: size by actually having the individual who has swallowed the 362 00:19:17,600 --> 00:19:20,560 Speaker 1: capsule where a belt, and this belt has the technology 363 00:19:20,640 --> 00:19:24,480 Speaker 1: to both uh being power to the capsule so that 364 00:19:24,600 --> 00:19:27,520 Speaker 1: doesn't have to have an onboard power source, and it 365 00:19:27,560 --> 00:19:31,000 Speaker 1: has the ability to receive images from the camera, so 366 00:19:31,040 --> 00:19:34,680 Speaker 1: the camera is out putting the images to a contraption 367 00:19:34,760 --> 00:19:37,600 Speaker 1: on the belt, right, and it has a magnetic field 368 00:19:38,080 --> 00:19:41,800 Speaker 1: that allows a tart to to actually manipulate the pill 369 00:19:41,920 --> 00:19:44,240 Speaker 1: to go where he or she wants it to go. Yeah, 370 00:19:44,280 --> 00:19:47,480 Speaker 1: and when we're talking about taking images, we're talking uh, 371 00:19:47,520 --> 00:19:49,639 Speaker 1: you know somewhere in the neighborhood of like eight D 372 00:19:49,760 --> 00:19:53,000 Speaker 1: seventy thousand images. That's the that's the number that's given 373 00:19:53,040 --> 00:19:56,560 Speaker 1: for the Saka endscopic capsule that was developed by the 374 00:19:56,640 --> 00:20:00,159 Speaker 1: Japanese RF System Lab. This was a pretty ma using 375 00:20:00,160 --> 00:20:02,800 Speaker 1: a little piece of technology, especially when you consider that 376 00:20:02,840 --> 00:20:05,480 Speaker 1: it achieves all of these these goals while only costing 377 00:20:05,480 --> 00:20:09,159 Speaker 1: around a hundred dollars. So it's actually a disposable camera 378 00:20:10,240 --> 00:20:12,919 Speaker 1: passes through the human body, and then the patient doesn't 379 00:20:12,920 --> 00:20:14,720 Speaker 1: have to dig it out of their stool at the 380 00:20:14,800 --> 00:20:18,440 Speaker 1: end of it. It's just completely another advantage people. I 381 00:20:18,440 --> 00:20:20,159 Speaker 1: would yeah, I would think so unless you want, you know, 382 00:20:20,200 --> 00:20:21,919 Speaker 1: you could I guess you could get it out of 383 00:20:21,960 --> 00:20:25,119 Speaker 1: there and keep it as a souvenir. But but if 384 00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:27,480 Speaker 1: you're squamish about that sort of thing, just I guess 385 00:20:27,520 --> 00:20:31,120 Speaker 1: flush it. Yeah, And this procedure really is considered low risk. 386 00:20:31,800 --> 00:20:34,320 Speaker 1: There's a chance that the capsule becoming watching the intestine, 387 00:20:34,480 --> 00:20:37,000 Speaker 1: but that usually happens about one percent of the cases 388 00:20:37,359 --> 00:20:40,320 Speaker 1: that happens. Uh. They can remove it with a scope 389 00:20:40,359 --> 00:20:43,560 Speaker 1: or through surgery. Right. The next stage in the development 390 00:20:43,640 --> 00:20:46,000 Speaker 1: of the Fantastic Voyage, though, is the idea of a 391 00:20:46,080 --> 00:20:49,399 Speaker 1: self propelled intoscopic camera, so it's it's not having to 392 00:20:49,440 --> 00:20:53,639 Speaker 1: depend on either muscle contractions or magnetic fields to move. 393 00:20:54,160 --> 00:20:56,359 Speaker 1: There's this a little device called the Mermaid, and it 394 00:20:56,400 --> 00:21:01,600 Speaker 1: comes to us from Japan's Koku Universe and Osaka Medical College, 395 00:21:01,920 --> 00:21:04,160 Speaker 1: and it it's called the Mermaid, but it actually looks 396 00:21:04,200 --> 00:21:06,399 Speaker 1: more like a tadpole. It's a it's one of these 397 00:21:06,400 --> 00:21:08,480 Speaker 1: little capsule and the scupic cameras, but it has this 398 00:21:08,600 --> 00:21:11,919 Speaker 1: little tail that it actually uses to propel itself throughout 399 00:21:12,000 --> 00:21:14,160 Speaker 1: the digestive system. It can go in at either end, 400 00:21:14,600 --> 00:21:18,720 Speaker 1: swim around, and apparently make it through the entire body 401 00:21:18,800 --> 00:21:21,840 Speaker 1: in just a few hours, as opposed to well what 402 00:21:22,000 --> 00:21:26,000 Speaker 1: is supposed to like several hours with the other types 403 00:21:26,040 --> 00:21:28,840 Speaker 1: of capsules. Yeah, and a cornby sandwich will typically run 404 00:21:29,800 --> 00:21:32,920 Speaker 1: two hours. Put that in perspective with normal traffic flow 405 00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:37,400 Speaker 1: through the human body. Yeah, so that's like the bullet train. Yeah, 406 00:21:37,440 --> 00:21:40,800 Speaker 1: of technology for for the capsule. The doctors on the 407 00:21:40,800 --> 00:21:43,199 Speaker 1: outside will be able to control it, control it with 408 00:21:43,200 --> 00:21:46,199 Speaker 1: the joystick and there there's also they would have a 409 00:21:46,280 --> 00:21:49,680 Speaker 1: certain amount of autonomous navigation as well. You could sort 410 00:21:49,680 --> 00:21:51,879 Speaker 1: of do its own thing in there. Okay, so it 411 00:21:51,880 --> 00:21:54,959 Speaker 1: could possibly be programmed to go and do it something 412 00:21:55,040 --> 00:21:58,400 Speaker 1: and scoop up data. Um, so some people have said 413 00:21:58,520 --> 00:22:00,760 Speaker 1: by people, I mean there have been some scientists who 414 00:22:00,760 --> 00:22:05,320 Speaker 1: say and some researchers who who questioned the amount of 415 00:22:05,520 --> 00:22:09,920 Speaker 1: data that is transmitting And so their argument is, and 416 00:22:10,080 --> 00:22:11,639 Speaker 1: there have not been a lot of studies on this, 417 00:22:11,800 --> 00:22:15,479 Speaker 1: so we don't know definitely, their question is can you 418 00:22:15,560 --> 00:22:19,040 Speaker 1: really have that much data those that many images and 419 00:22:19,080 --> 00:22:22,399 Speaker 1: be able to look through it in a very thorough 420 00:22:22,440 --> 00:22:25,760 Speaker 1: way and catch everything. Yeah. Their their argument is that 421 00:22:27,240 --> 00:22:31,720 Speaker 1: images is maybe too much for anybody to process. Anyway, 422 00:22:31,720 --> 00:22:36,200 Speaker 1: if if you've ever been subjected to vacation photos and 423 00:22:36,320 --> 00:22:39,159 Speaker 1: uh and and and no editing has been used, you 424 00:22:39,240 --> 00:22:41,280 Speaker 1: probably know what they're talking about, Like they're there. An 425 00:22:41,320 --> 00:22:44,920 Speaker 1: individual can only look at so many photos and diagnose 426 00:22:45,040 --> 00:22:47,439 Speaker 1: what's happening in And this is often the case. Our 427 00:22:47,480 --> 00:22:51,480 Speaker 1: ability to collect data outpaces our ability to process it 428 00:22:51,520 --> 00:22:53,959 Speaker 1: with the same technology. So when we can have an 429 00:22:53,960 --> 00:22:56,879 Speaker 1: automated or remote control camera that can take all this stuff, 430 00:22:56,880 --> 00:22:59,920 Speaker 1: we we don't uh, we don't have the processing technology 431 00:23:00,119 --> 00:23:02,320 Speaker 1: to just load it into a computer and say, all right, computer, 432 00:23:02,400 --> 00:23:04,480 Speaker 1: let me know which images are a little suspect so 433 00:23:04,520 --> 00:23:06,600 Speaker 1: that an actual doctor can look at them. Which maybe 434 00:23:06,600 --> 00:23:08,879 Speaker 1: that's the next step. Yeah, I may imagine it will be, 435 00:23:09,280 --> 00:23:11,480 Speaker 1: but right now, that is that's the main point that's 436 00:23:11,520 --> 00:23:14,040 Speaker 1: being made. Is just just like you would um here 437 00:23:14,240 --> 00:23:16,560 Speaker 1: in an argument about security, like if you have a 438 00:23:16,600 --> 00:23:19,800 Speaker 1: million cameras all collecting data, you know, do you have 439 00:23:19,840 --> 00:23:23,000 Speaker 1: the manpower to actually go through and detect a security threat? 440 00:23:23,680 --> 00:23:26,240 Speaker 1: But you know that's that'll probably be easily solved because 441 00:23:26,240 --> 00:23:28,240 Speaker 1: I mean, imagine if you were you're an editor of 442 00:23:28,280 --> 00:23:30,760 Speaker 1: the small paper and you send a photographer out to 443 00:23:30,760 --> 00:23:32,399 Speaker 1: cover an event and they bring back eight hundred and 444 00:23:32,400 --> 00:23:35,280 Speaker 1: sixty thousand images. That's not the answer you want. You 445 00:23:35,359 --> 00:23:36,679 Speaker 1: want show me the good ones, show me the ones 446 00:23:36,720 --> 00:23:39,879 Speaker 1: that should be concerned about, right right, Yeah, But you 447 00:23:39,920 --> 00:23:44,240 Speaker 1: know that being said, this is a great technology and um, 448 00:23:44,320 --> 00:23:46,440 Speaker 1: you know it's it's been growing something like twelve point 449 00:23:46,520 --> 00:23:49,000 Speaker 1: nine percent annually since two thousand and seven. And it's 450 00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:51,959 Speaker 1: not just the digestive system. Galermo Tyarney at the Messages 451 00:23:52,160 --> 00:23:54,360 Speaker 1: General Hospital in Boston has been working on and using 452 00:23:54,400 --> 00:23:58,080 Speaker 1: this technology to examine what's going on in arteries to 453 00:23:58,640 --> 00:24:01,639 Speaker 1: figure out ways to detect dangerous blood clots uh and 454 00:24:01,760 --> 00:24:06,439 Speaker 1: ultimately deal with them at this micro scale. So not 455 00:24:06,720 --> 00:24:09,359 Speaker 1: like you know, the fantastic voyage where where they have 456 00:24:09,440 --> 00:24:12,560 Speaker 1: a little beam they are trying to laser beam that 457 00:24:12,600 --> 00:24:15,360 Speaker 1: they're trying to repair the clot. But same idea, right, 458 00:24:15,400 --> 00:24:18,080 Speaker 1: So that's the very exciting thing about this. And we 459 00:24:18,200 --> 00:24:20,919 Speaker 1: bring up Aubrey de Gray that the bearded um, the 460 00:24:20,960 --> 00:24:24,000 Speaker 1: bearded one as we call him, the Jerry O excuse me, 461 00:24:24,040 --> 00:24:27,880 Speaker 1: bio gerontologist and he talks about this very sort of 462 00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:30,760 Speaker 1: thing as being part and parcel of living to be 463 00:24:30,840 --> 00:24:32,680 Speaker 1: a thousand years old. If you can have a sort 464 00:24:32,680 --> 00:24:37,119 Speaker 1: of self maintenance at this level, detecting illnesses diseases before 465 00:24:37,119 --> 00:24:39,960 Speaker 1: they get out of hand, then boom, you are setting 466 00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:43,080 Speaker 1: yourself up for a much lengthier life. Yeah. Yeah, and 467 00:24:43,080 --> 00:24:45,879 Speaker 1: the technology is headed there. I mean, it's it's easy 468 00:24:45,920 --> 00:24:50,160 Speaker 1: to imagine, just as we've seen the technology improved from 469 00:24:50,160 --> 00:24:54,399 Speaker 1: a a a camera wand that we we shove up 470 00:24:54,400 --> 00:24:57,080 Speaker 1: the rectum, that we've seen an advance from that to 471 00:24:57,240 --> 00:24:59,960 Speaker 1: a capsule or even something the size of a grain 472 00:25:00,119 --> 00:25:02,840 Speaker 1: rise that we swallow. It's easy to imagine it coming 473 00:25:02,840 --> 00:25:04,840 Speaker 1: to the point where you would swallow this little, little 474 00:25:04,840 --> 00:25:06,880 Speaker 1: tiny device and it would swim around and it would 475 00:25:07,040 --> 00:25:11,760 Speaker 1: not only diagnose, but potentially address problems in the digestive system. Yeah, 476 00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:16,080 Speaker 1: it's it's completely amazing. And it's also hasn't it has 477 00:25:16,119 --> 00:25:17,840 Speaker 1: it not been used for art? Did you send me 478 00:25:17,840 --> 00:25:21,919 Speaker 1: a link? Yeah, yeah, there's there's an art project. Um 479 00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:24,960 Speaker 1: it's art installation by media artist Stephanie Bardon that's called 480 00:25:25,080 --> 00:25:28,880 Speaker 1: m to A. M to A refers to the endoscopic capsule, 481 00:25:29,440 --> 00:25:31,280 Speaker 1: the ones that we've just been talking about. The name 482 00:25:31,280 --> 00:25:34,359 Speaker 1: is short from mouth to anus and the captured video 483 00:25:34,480 --> 00:25:36,840 Speaker 1: is combined with data from a separate capsule that since 484 00:25:36,880 --> 00:25:40,919 Speaker 1: this pH and pressure and the gastro intestinal tract. So 485 00:25:40,960 --> 00:25:43,359 Speaker 1: what she did is she fed one subject a meal 486 00:25:43,359 --> 00:25:48,600 Speaker 1: of top Raymond, gatorade and gummy bears classic classic Neil 487 00:25:48,640 --> 00:25:52,480 Speaker 1: that good stuff to observe getting broken down. She fed 488 00:25:52,520 --> 00:25:58,679 Speaker 1: another subject handmade noodles okay, pomegranate cherry juice, gummy bears 489 00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:04,120 Speaker 1: and hybisc gatorade gatoradeing quote. So the more whole foods 490 00:26:04,160 --> 00:26:08,359 Speaker 1: aspect of the um the boxed foods. So she was 491 00:26:08,359 --> 00:26:11,280 Speaker 1: trying to look at the difference in digestion and it's 492 00:26:11,359 --> 00:26:16,359 Speaker 1: really interesting. Um, I don't know how scientifically tight some 493 00:26:16,480 --> 00:26:20,320 Speaker 1: of her her observations are, but it is scored to 494 00:26:20,320 --> 00:26:23,400 Speaker 1: a disco version of the flight of the bumblebee. Oh 495 00:26:23,600 --> 00:26:25,960 Speaker 1: very nice. I mean, that's that's panache right there. That 496 00:26:26,119 --> 00:26:29,720 Speaker 1: is wow. So yeah, once again we're happy to share strange, 497 00:26:29,840 --> 00:26:33,000 Speaker 1: grotesque guests or intestinal art with you guys, and we 498 00:26:33,040 --> 00:26:35,600 Speaker 1: will be sure to include a link to that and 499 00:26:35,640 --> 00:26:37,960 Speaker 1: other related topics on the blog posted a companies to 500 00:26:38,000 --> 00:26:40,520 Speaker 1: this podcast. So don't worry about having to actually go 501 00:26:40,600 --> 00:26:43,919 Speaker 1: out in Google that particular art project, because there's no 502 00:26:43,960 --> 00:26:48,280 Speaker 1: telling where you'll wind up. That's right. You don't want 503 00:26:48,280 --> 00:26:52,080 Speaker 1: to get into digestive videos take a nasty turn. All right, 504 00:26:52,119 --> 00:26:55,240 Speaker 1: here comes Arnie. Oh, here's a robot with our listener mail. 505 00:26:55,280 --> 00:26:59,880 Speaker 1: All right, what do you have for us today? All right? First, 506 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:03,119 Speaker 1: all we heard from while one listener who was concerned 507 00:27:03,240 --> 00:27:06,199 Speaker 1: when she heard a listener mail that mentioned listening to 508 00:27:06,240 --> 00:27:09,159 Speaker 1: our podcast while riding a bicycle. She was concerned that 509 00:27:09,200 --> 00:27:11,280 Speaker 1: this was not safe. Um that you know, you're gonna 510 00:27:11,280 --> 00:27:13,560 Speaker 1: be distracted if you have your headphones in and you're 511 00:27:13,560 --> 00:27:15,119 Speaker 1: listening to the podcast. We're not going to tell you, 512 00:27:15,160 --> 00:27:17,800 Speaker 1: guys how or when to listen to the podcast, but 513 00:27:17,880 --> 00:27:21,040 Speaker 1: do just be careful out there, because I mean, God forbid, 514 00:27:21,200 --> 00:27:23,040 Speaker 1: something should happen to you when you're riding on a 515 00:27:23,040 --> 00:27:25,320 Speaker 1: bicycle listening to our podcast, because I think if you 516 00:27:25,480 --> 00:27:28,480 Speaker 1: die while listening to our episode on the Rat King, 517 00:27:28,800 --> 00:27:32,280 Speaker 1: if that's the last thing, uh you hear, you're probably 518 00:27:32,320 --> 00:27:36,440 Speaker 1: not gonna get into heaven. Sorry, yeah, well our heads Yeah, 519 00:27:37,520 --> 00:27:40,280 Speaker 1: so yeah, just be careful there, guys. Uh. And then 520 00:27:40,280 --> 00:27:43,840 Speaker 1: we also heard from Amanda from Australia. Amanda writes in 521 00:27:43,880 --> 00:27:45,760 Speaker 1: and said, I've been listening to your podcast for a 522 00:27:45,760 --> 00:27:48,560 Speaker 1: while now, but I usually download them in batches, so 523 00:27:48,600 --> 00:27:50,320 Speaker 1: I could be a little late with this one. And 524 00:27:50,320 --> 00:27:52,360 Speaker 1: she's finding to our cheating in the name of the episode, 525 00:27:52,359 --> 00:27:55,240 Speaker 1: which actually isn't that old, and and certainly never worry 526 00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:58,160 Speaker 1: about responding to an old topic. We're happy to revisit them. 527 00:27:58,800 --> 00:28:01,040 Speaker 1: She says. The podcast about cheating reminding me of something 528 00:28:01,040 --> 00:28:03,720 Speaker 1: I did in chemistry exam during my first year of university. 529 00:28:03,960 --> 00:28:06,199 Speaker 1: There were only about five minutes lefting the exam and 530 00:28:06,240 --> 00:28:08,720 Speaker 1: I had absolutely no clue how to even begin the 531 00:28:08,800 --> 00:28:11,240 Speaker 1: last question. Honestly, I can't even remember what the question 532 00:28:11,280 --> 00:28:14,960 Speaker 1: was about, so instead of attempting to answer it or cheating, 533 00:28:15,200 --> 00:28:18,919 Speaker 1: I wrote insert Act of God here. Apparently my tutor 534 00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:21,600 Speaker 1: loved it because I got part marks on this question 535 00:28:21,640 --> 00:28:24,439 Speaker 1: for originality. Well, I know that isn't It wasn't cheating. 536 00:28:24,720 --> 00:28:26,560 Speaker 1: I thought I would share my experience because it was 537 00:28:26,560 --> 00:28:29,480 Speaker 1: an interesting way of getting extra marks for an exam. 538 00:28:29,640 --> 00:28:32,360 Speaker 1: Thanks for the podcast, Amanda. All right, kids, you heard 539 00:28:32,359 --> 00:28:34,919 Speaker 1: it there. Try that out and let out and let 540 00:28:34,960 --> 00:28:37,439 Speaker 1: us know how that shakes out. For everyone else. And 541 00:28:37,440 --> 00:28:40,840 Speaker 1: then we also heard from a listener by the name 542 00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:44,280 Speaker 1: of Victoria, and Victoria was responding to our episode about 543 00:28:44,320 --> 00:28:46,240 Speaker 1: the rat King, The Layer of the Rat King. She says, Hello, 544 00:28:46,280 --> 00:28:48,480 Speaker 1: I wanted to thank you for your podcast on the 545 00:28:48,560 --> 00:28:50,680 Speaker 1: rat King. I brought up. It brought up many memories 546 00:28:50,680 --> 00:28:52,560 Speaker 1: for me, and I wanted to share them with you. 547 00:28:53,000 --> 00:28:54,720 Speaker 1: And then she shares them kind of a stream of 548 00:28:54,720 --> 00:28:58,160 Speaker 1: conscious way that I really did. She says, there was 549 00:28:58,200 --> 00:29:01,080 Speaker 1: the underwater version of the nutclut Hecker Ballet, complete with 550 00:29:01,200 --> 00:29:06,280 Speaker 1: dancing lobsters about by the Milwaukee Ballet, my college professor's 551 00:29:06,360 --> 00:29:09,240 Speaker 1: lecture on the plague and rats uh the whole time 552 00:29:09,240 --> 00:29:12,080 Speaker 1: with a piece of tissue peeking out of his left nostril, 553 00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:14,600 Speaker 1: The story of my mother actually finding a rat in 554 00:29:14,600 --> 00:29:16,560 Speaker 1: the toilet when we lived in the Philippines I was 555 00:29:16,600 --> 00:29:19,800 Speaker 1: too young to remember, and seeing my first cat sized 556 00:29:19,920 --> 00:29:23,400 Speaker 1: rat upon moving to Baltimore. Thanks for such a great episode. 557 00:29:23,480 --> 00:29:25,600 Speaker 1: I enjoy listening to you. I love that. I love 558 00:29:25,680 --> 00:29:27,960 Speaker 1: like when whatever episodes just hits one of you guys, 559 00:29:28,040 --> 00:29:31,400 Speaker 1: like on all cylinders, and I feel like we're just 560 00:29:31,440 --> 00:29:34,560 Speaker 1: sort of like tapping into your mind. Yeah, So if 561 00:29:34,600 --> 00:29:37,480 Speaker 1: you would like to tap into our mind. You can 562 00:29:37,520 --> 00:29:40,160 Speaker 1: find us on Facebook. You can find us on Twitter. 563 00:29:40,440 --> 00:29:42,680 Speaker 1: On Facebook, just search for stuff to Blow your Mind. 564 00:29:42,920 --> 00:29:46,000 Speaker 1: You will find us on Twitter. Our handle is blow 565 00:29:46,080 --> 00:29:48,120 Speaker 1: the Mind, so you know, shoot us, get us some 566 00:29:48,160 --> 00:29:50,800 Speaker 1: comments on there. We're happy to listen to you, and 567 00:29:50,960 --> 00:29:53,040 Speaker 1: you can always send us an email at blow the 568 00:29:53,080 --> 00:30:00,440 Speaker 1: Mind at Discovery dot com. Be sure to check out 569 00:30:00,480 --> 00:30:03,440 Speaker 1: our new video podcast, Stuff from the Future. It's join 570 00:30:03,520 --> 00:30:06,040 Speaker 1: how staf Work staff as we explore the most promising 571 00:30:06,120 --> 00:30:08,440 Speaker 1: and perplexing possibilities of tomorrow.