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Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, Eve's here. Today's episode contains not just one,

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Speaker 1: but two nuggets of history. These are coming from the

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Speaker 1: T d I H Vault, so you'll also here two hosts.

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Speaker 1: Consider it a double feature. Enjoy the show. Welcome to

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Speaker 1: This Day in History Class from how Stuff Works dot

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Speaker 1: com and from the desk of Stuff you Missed in

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Speaker 1: History Class. It's the show where we explore the past

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Speaker 1: one day at a time with a quick look at

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Speaker 1: what happened today in history. Hello and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Tracy V. Wilson, and it's November. The Mirrorbal Sisters,

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Speaker 1: also known as last Mina Posas, were assassinated in the

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Speaker 1: Dominican Republic on this day in nineteen sixty. These were

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Speaker 1: three sisters, Patria, Minerva and Maria Theresa. They had a

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Speaker 1: fourth sister, Day Day, who wasn't targeted in the assassination.

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Speaker 1: She wasn't politically active in the way that her other

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Speaker 1: sisters were. All four sisters, though were born in the

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Speaker 1: Dominican Republic. They grew up in a relatively affluent family,

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Speaker 1: and they had pretty conventional lives for at least the

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Speaker 1: first years. They went to a Catholic school. They went

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Speaker 1: to church. They got married and had children. But the

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Speaker 1: Dominican Republic at that time was under the oppressive and

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Speaker 1: brutal rule of Dictator Raphael Truchio. And when I say

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Speaker 1: oppressive and brutal, as one example, in seven he had

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Speaker 1: ordered the massacre of thousands of Haitians in the border

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Speaker 1: region between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. He had a

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Speaker 1: secret police force that monitored everything, and it was extremely

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Speaker 1: common for his opponents and for political dissidence to be imprisoned,

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Speaker 1: tortured and killed. He had total control over virtually every

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Speaker 1: aspect of Dominican society, including the radio and passports and

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Speaker 1: air travel. And he also had a collection of so

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Speaker 1: called beauty scouts whose job it was to bring him

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Speaker 1: attractive young women. And some of these women they were

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Speaker 1: very young, some of them were still schoolgirls. Raphael Trillillo

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Speaker 1: also had a personal vendetta against the Mirrorbal family. He

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Speaker 1: had invited them to a social event at his estate,

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Speaker 1: and this wasn't the kind of thing that you could

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Speaker 1: turn down. While they were there, he started making advances

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Speaker 1: on Minerva Mirrorball. This was before she got married. In

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Speaker 1: some accounts, this led to a heated argument between the

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Speaker 1: two of them, and other accounts she slapped him regardless

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Speaker 1: of exactly what happened, though this was unacceptable to him.

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Speaker 1: Minerva's father was imprisoned. She and her mother were kept

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Speaker 1: basically under house arrest at a hotel. Their family was

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Speaker 1: the target of suspicion and surveillance for years. Trujillo even

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Speaker 1: tried to stop Minerva from finishing law school. Once she graduated,

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Speaker 1: she wasn't even allowed a license to practice, so, maybe unsurprisingly,

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Speaker 1: considering the fact that their family had been under this

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Speaker 1: kind of surveillance and harassment for so many years, Patria, Minerva,

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Speaker 1: and Maria Teresa became part of a resistance movement called

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Speaker 1: the fourteenth of June movement. It was named for a

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Speaker 1: failed attempt by exiled Dominicans to try to retake the

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Speaker 1: country from Tokio. They planned to assassinate him with a

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Speaker 1: car bomb, but just before they were supposed to carry

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Speaker 1: that out, the leaders of this movement were arrested and imprisoned,

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Speaker 1: and this included Minerva and Maria Teresa and all three

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Speaker 1: of the sisters husbands. Eventually, Minerva and Maria Teresa were released,

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Speaker 1: but their husbands were transferred to a prison in Puerto Plata,

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Speaker 1: and visiting them required the sisters to travel over a

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Speaker 1: remote mountain range to get their own back. On the

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Speaker 1: way back from visiting their husbands, on November twenty five,

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Speaker 1: nine sixty, they were overtaken by some of Tokio's men,

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Speaker 1: and the sisters and their driver were beaten and strangled

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Speaker 1: and then put back into the jeep that they had

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Speaker 1: been traveling in, and then the jeep was pushed over

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Speaker 1: the side of the mountain. It was clear here to everyone, though,

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Speaker 1: that this had not been an accident. The murder of

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Speaker 1: three attractive young mothers really brought a lot more criticism

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Speaker 1: than Andrello had been facing before. He started to lose

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Speaker 1: the backing of his military and he was assassinated six

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Speaker 1: months later. Data helped raise her sister's children after their deaths,

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Speaker 1: and she also helped protect their legacy, and today the

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Speaker 1: sisters are national heroes and the Dominican Republic. November twenty

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Speaker 1: is also observed as the International Day for the Elimination

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Speaker 1: of Violence against Women in commemoration of them. You can

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Speaker 1: learn more about this in the November episode of Stuff

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Speaker 1: You Missed in History Class. Thanks to Casey P. Graham

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Speaker 1: and Tandler Mays for their audio work on the show,

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Speaker 1: and you can subscribe to the Stay in History Class

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Speaker 1: on Apple Podcasts, Google podcast, the I Heart Radio app,

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Speaker 1: and wherever else you get your podcasts. You can tune

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Speaker 1: in tomorrow for one of the world's most famous tombs.

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Speaker 1: M Hey everyone, I'm Eves and welcome back to This

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Speaker 1: Day in History Class, a podcast where we unwrap a

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Speaker 1: piece of history candy every day. The day was November

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Speaker 1: n The first US patent for a whole body X

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Speaker 1: ray scanner was issued to Robert S. Ledley. Scientists have

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Speaker 1: been working on developing X ray computer tomography technology for years.

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Speaker 1: South Africa born physicist and mathematician Alan Cormick's main work

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Speaker 1: was in particle physics, but he theorized that X rays

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Speaker 1: of the brain and body could be taken from different

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Speaker 1: angles and the computer could be programmed to arrange the

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Speaker 1: images into three D representations. British electrical engineer got Free

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Speaker 1: Hounsfield developed a ct OR computerized tomography machine that could

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Speaker 1: carry out brain scans, and he began testing it in

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Speaker 1: nineteen seventy one. He announced his invention publicly in nineteen

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Speaker 1: seventy two. The first CT scanner that Hounsfield developed in

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Speaker 1: his lab at e m I Central Research Laboratories in England,

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Speaker 1: took several hours to get the raw data for a

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Speaker 1: single scan, in days to reconstruct an image from the

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Speaker 1: raw data. The first production model e m I scanner

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Speaker 1: took four minutes to make a scan and its mini

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Speaker 1: computer took about seven minutes to compute each picture. In

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Speaker 1: the US, Robert Letley was working in the School of

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Speaker 1: Medicine at Georgetown University Medical Center as a professor in

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Speaker 1: the Department of Physiology and Biophysics. Letley previously studied dentistry

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Speaker 1: and theoretical physics and worked as a physicist, research analysts,

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Speaker 1: and professor of electrical engineering. In nineteen seventy three, while

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Speaker 1: at Georgetown, he developed the first whole body CT machine.

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Speaker 1: Letley's invention was known as the a c T A

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Speaker 1: or Automatic Computerized trans spurs Axial Diagnostic X ray scanner.

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Speaker 1: It provided images of the body and brain that could

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Speaker 1: not be seen with normal X rays. This was because

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Speaker 1: the device used computers to generate three dimensional images from

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Speaker 1: flat X ray pictures of cross sections of the body.

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Speaker 1: The technology allowed doctors to precisely locate abnormal tissue, which

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Speaker 1: could provide for early diagnosis of illness and disease. Let

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Speaker 1: Lea's patent for the machine, number three million, nine two thousand,

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Speaker 1: five hundred and fifty two, issued on November nineteen fifteen,

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Speaker 1: recognizes precedents for quote the concept of utilizing X ray

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Speaker 1: scanning with thin beams for analysis by computers for storing

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Speaker 1: and reconstructing the results in tangible form, as well as

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Speaker 1: quote the concept of rotational scanning by X rays for

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Speaker 1: the reconstruction of planer anatomical sections. The patent describes a

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Speaker 1: machine for examining the interior of a patient that consists

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Speaker 1: of a movable sup or a frame with an opening

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Speaker 1: that the patient can enter into a shutter assembly, an

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Speaker 1: X ray beam source and detector unit mounted on the

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Speaker 1: opening of the frame, and mechanisms for rotating and tilting

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Speaker 1: the framework. Let Le Scanner set the foundation for modern

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Speaker 1: CT scanners as it made use of the first high

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Speaker 1: resolution digital TV display for medical imaging and a tilting

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Speaker 1: gantry or circular frame. The technology also improved the diagnosis

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Speaker 1: of cancers, heart disease, and bone disease, and was used

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Speaker 1: in radiation therapy planning. I'M eave chef Coo and hopefully

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Speaker 1: you know a little more about history today than you

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Speaker 1: did yesterday. Give us a show of or a share

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Speaker 1: on social media at t D I h C Podcast,

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Speaker 1: or if you are so inclined, you can send us

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Speaker 1: a message at this Day at I heart media dot com.

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Speaker 1: I truly hope you enjoyed today's show. We'll be back

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Speaker 1: tomorrow with another episode US Fast Sea of Past, passing

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Speaker 1: Sta