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Speaker 1: Ah, we're back. Well, we never left in a lot

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Speaker 1: of ways, because I never leave you, my listeners, and

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Speaker 1: neither this prop. We're always there in your hearts, sometimes

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Speaker 1: in your home, you know, waiting behind the mirrors, watching

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Speaker 1: you to take me away from you. There's nothing men

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Speaker 1: on Mars could have or the men on MARSK. I

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Speaker 1: don't know what's leary. Men are more right, bless the

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Speaker 1: rains down in it. I don't know why I always started.

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Speaker 1: If I just just let yall into my child, that's

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Speaker 1: something that a hundred men on Mars could never do.

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Speaker 1: I don't know. You can't get me out of you

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Speaker 1: can't give me out this. Love it, love it. You

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Speaker 1: know what else? I love Jason Petty Rebellions a k A.

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Speaker 1: Prop host of Hood Politics. I love dictators And as

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Speaker 1: we start this episode, our friend Papa Doc friends Fall

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Speaker 1: Duvalier has made himself into addict hater. You know, um,

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Speaker 1: you know, the the election that made him present was questionable,

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Speaker 1: but not more questionable than the average election in Haiti.

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Speaker 1: But the whole forming your own secret military police force

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Speaker 1: thing in order to murder your enemies, that's some dictatorship,

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Speaker 1: you know, it's you've you've gone full tator. So d

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Speaker 1: Vallier knew that the only force that the military, was

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Speaker 1: the only force in Haiti capable of overthrowing his regime.

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Speaker 1: So as much as he dedicated the Taunton to the

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Speaker 1: Taunton mccoot uh to purging his political rivals and journalists,

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Speaker 1: he also said it towards investigating the top command of

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Speaker 1: the army. He was careful with this information. Rather than

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Speaker 1: use it to carry out public purchase, he instead engaged

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Speaker 1: in frequent shakeups of the high command, prematurely retiring officers

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Speaker 1: he thought might people link to coue him. At the

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Speaker 1: same time, he gradually cut the military budget, trimming its

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Speaker 1: numbers to make it something his into something his Taunton

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Speaker 1: mccoot could deal with. He also ordered all his of

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Speaker 1: the military's armament stored on the grounds of the presidential Palace,

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Speaker 1: where he could keep an eye on it, which is

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Speaker 1: not a dumb move, like, yeah, we're gonna keep all

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Speaker 1: the big guns in my house. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I guess.

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Speaker 1: I mean I would feel better. I mean if all

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Speaker 1: of our military's big weapons were kept in my basement,

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Speaker 1: because at least I know where they are. I know

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Speaker 1: where they are you know, I'm not going to use

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Speaker 1: them for evil often but all the time, all the time, constantly,

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Speaker 1: you're I'm gonna take vacation days and ships. Um. In

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Speaker 1: nineteen fifty eight, before the Tom Tom mccoop were formally organized.

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Speaker 1: But obviously you've got Clement Barbow, he's starting to like

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Speaker 1: gear stuff up. They haven't just haven't earned their name yet. Um.

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Speaker 1: The new president used his its predecessors to crack down

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Speaker 1: and what he saw is the first threat to his reign,

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Speaker 1: which was the labor union movement in Haiti. He canceled

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Speaker 1: that year's May Day rally, he had the leader of

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Speaker 1: the local union arrested, and he started sending out his

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Speaker 1: men to beat into which your labeler organizers. When the

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Speaker 1: Tanton mccoot came into being, Duvalier set them after this

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Speaker 1: task with Gusto, and by nineteen sixty the Haitian labor

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Speaker 1: union movement was completely dead. Now. The men who were

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Speaker 1: selected to join the Tanton mccoot were people with no

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Speaker 1: real other options for success in Haitian society. As one

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Speaker 1: right up by Charles River, editors noted quote. Ex soldiers

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Speaker 1: were recruited alongside criminal street thugs and sundry opportunists of

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Speaker 1: every stripe, and the entire contingent was then armed and

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Speaker 1: occasionally paid and given license to extort. Now that last

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Speaker 1: bit is crucial. They usually weren't paid, and when they were,

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Speaker 1: they were not paid. Well, that was not a downside.

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Speaker 1: That actually increased their loyalty because they in addition to

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Speaker 1: not paying them, they said, you're basically like you can

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Speaker 1: do anything like as like, we're not going to pay you,

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Speaker 1: but you you you have the authority of the president.

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Speaker 1: You can break whatever fucking laws you want to break. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's yeah, that's interesting that the tie between that's interesting,

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Speaker 1: the tie between being like, well, if we paid you,

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Speaker 1: then that would mean that we're kind of responsible for

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Speaker 1: your choices, and we don't pay you. It's like, well,

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Speaker 1: I mean, we don't pay them. They do what they want.

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Speaker 1: It also makes them more dependent on the regime because

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Speaker 1: if you're if the tontime MACUTER like a normal police agency, right,

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Speaker 1: and you have a salary, then they could support someone

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Speaker 1: else taking power, right, Like someone else could take power

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Speaker 1: and then they're just like, oh, well, they were just

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Speaker 1: cops doing their jobs and they can keep being cops

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Speaker 1: doing their jobs under the new regime. If they make

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Speaker 1: their money by extorting people and taking bribes and like

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Speaker 1: committing crimes and they're only allowed to do that because

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Speaker 1: the regime is friendly to them, then they have no

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Speaker 1: legitimate place in society outside of the regime. And they're

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Speaker 1: also they're committing all these crimes, so they know that

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Speaker 1: if the regime loses power, people are going to commit

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Speaker 1: me because they're pissed, you know. Um. Yeah, So their

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Speaker 1: comfort is entirely tied to the fact that the regime

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Speaker 1: allows them to operate as a mafia. These guys are

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Speaker 1: basically a mafia right there, am FIA slash FBI um,

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Speaker 1: which is different from the regular FBI because their badges

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Speaker 1: aren't as nice. Now. The Taunton uniforms, such as it was,

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Speaker 1: consisted of dark sunglasses, straw hats, blue denim shirts, and

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Speaker 1: in many cases machetes. They were allowed to disregard what

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Speaker 1: passed for Haitian civil rights protections, but they were not

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Speaker 1: accountable to any branch of law enforcement or anyone at

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Speaker 1: all but Papa Dock. By nineteen sixty there were thousands

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Speaker 1: of Taunton mccoot. Now I think they topped at like

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Speaker 1: nine thousands there's a lot of these guys. It takes

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Speaker 1: a lot. Yeah, it takes a lot. Now, the problem

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Speaker 1: with creating a secret police slash militia force like this

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Speaker 1: is that you're going to need someone to run them.

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Speaker 1: And if the first pick is obviously Clement Barbo, the

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Speaker 1: President trusts him. He'd done a good job, and he

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Speaker 1: did a good job of setting up this regime of terror.

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Speaker 1: From the New York Times quote and his crackdown on

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Speaker 1: potential troublemakers, notably those who had opposed his electioners stood

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Speaker 1: as a threat to any possible coup. Many were granted

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Speaker 1: asylum in foreign embassies. His rivals in the election fled

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Speaker 1: the country, but Taunton executioners few serious That one of

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Speaker 1: the losing candidates, Clement Jummel, had escaped, tracked down two

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Speaker 1: of his brothers and gunned them down as they surrendered

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Speaker 1: hands up. Opposition newspapers were bombed by Tanton hooligans. During

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Speaker 1: the first year of Duvalier's revolution, Editors and publishers of

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Speaker 1: seven leading periodicals were jailed, and most of them were tortured.

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Speaker 1: Mrs Yvonne Rampel, director of the anti Duvalier Fortnitely Lescal

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Speaker 1: was beaten unconscious before her children and taken by a

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Speaker 1: dozen tauntons to the outskirts of Port of Prints, where

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Speaker 1: they tortured and raped her and left her dying. So

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Speaker 1: pretty bad, dudes, Yeah, man, yeah, got dog man Now,

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Speaker 1: I just I just hate this so much. Yeah, it's

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Speaker 1: it's real bad. It's real bad. Now, if you've never

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Speaker 1: orchestrated repressive regime that murders huge numbers of people, uh yeah,

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Speaker 1: you might be surprised to learn that this pisses people off. Um.

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Speaker 1: People don't like it when you do that. Actually, it's

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Speaker 1: historically unpopular call um. And a lot of these exiled

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Speaker 1: politicians who like escape but their families get killed, And

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Speaker 1: a lot of citizens who like leave because they're like, oh,

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Speaker 1: this isn't gonna go anywhere. Well, they don't want to

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Speaker 1: just like leave Haiti and be like, well, I guess

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Speaker 1: an assholes in charge now, right. They try to overthrow

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Speaker 1: the regime. Um, and so they start raising these kind

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Speaker 1: of exile militias that will periodically enter the country to

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Speaker 1: try to take over. And these guys aren't generally trying

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Speaker 1: to do like they're not like whole armies. They're small

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Speaker 1: groups that are trying to come in and like raise

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Speaker 1: the people up. And because it's not there's not a

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Speaker 1: lot of soldiers in the Haitian army. You don't need

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Speaker 1: to like make a whole war thing, you know, you

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Speaker 1: just have to take out the right people. It's a

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Speaker 1: flo side note as an American, how often governments get overthrown? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but I like tempted to be overthrown like thirty guys.

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Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, it happens all the time and has all

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Speaker 1: the time. Yeah. Um, we're not in support of this coup,

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Speaker 1: so it doesn't have to succeed. The first of these

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Speaker 1: exile militias attacks Haiti in nineteen fifty nine. It's a

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Speaker 1: group of thirty men. They land on the Haitian north

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Speaker 1: coast after sitting sales Cuba. And obviously these guys are

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Speaker 1: backed by the Cuban government. Right. We do the same

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Speaker 1: thing all throughout Latin America. In this case, the Cuban

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Speaker 1: government gives some some guys heavy weapons, um, and they

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Speaker 1: see some initial success. They take over an army post,

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Speaker 1: they start to recruit and hand out guns to nearby villagers,

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Speaker 1: and in pretty short order, two hundred people have joined them. Now,

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Speaker 1: while this happens like as these exiles are starting to

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Speaker 1: form their military, Haitian exiles and Venezuela start broadcasting appeals

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Speaker 1: to their countrymen, like sending out radio broadcasts that reach

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Speaker 1: Haiti to aid the insurgents. Now, two hundred men not

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Speaker 1: a huge force, but after two years of Devolierism, the

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Speaker 1: army is extremely weak, and the dictator was hesitant to

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Speaker 1: give them the weapons they would need to turn back

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Speaker 1: this invasion because then they might use the weapons on him.

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Speaker 1: So he's in a bad position, right, Two guys properly

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Speaker 1: organized and equipped could actually funk up his reach put off.

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Speaker 1: He's very worried about this, and it actually, by some accounts,

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Speaker 1: comes pretty close to to taking him out. But thankfully,

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Speaker 1: prop thankfully, oh, Papa Doc has a friend, and that

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Speaker 1: friend is the United States government, particularly the United States Army.

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Speaker 1: We have a military mission in Haiti, and we had

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Speaker 1: a good relationship with Duvalier because he was anti communist,

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Speaker 1: and he was an anti communist because he cared about

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Speaker 1: anything particularly he was anti communist, because that gets you

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Speaker 1: us support, right um. Now, Duvolier uh basically is like, hey, America,

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Speaker 1: some some mean guys are here. And because like don't worry, buddy.

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Speaker 1: We've got the Marine Corps and planes and they kill

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Speaker 1: all these rebels pretty quick. Um, well, some of them flat,

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Speaker 1: but yeah, they kill a bunch of dudes. Now. The

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Speaker 1: commander of the US mission in Haiti was a colonel

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Speaker 1: named Robert heinel Um, and he was well aware of

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Speaker 1: how terrible the regime he was propping up was. At

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Speaker 1: one point, his twelve year old son was arrested by

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Speaker 1: the Tonton mccoot because he expressed sympathy for a group

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Speaker 1: of starving peasants. So the guy who's massacring these revolutionaries

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Speaker 1: knows that he's helping the bad guys, but it's his job. Um.

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Speaker 1: Finel's orders from the State Department were very clear. He

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Speaker 1: later recalled what he was told by a State Department

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Speaker 1: official when he took the gig. Quote, Colonel, the most

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Speaker 1: important way you can support our objectives in Haiti is

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Speaker 1: to help keep da Vallier in power so he can

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Speaker 1: serve out his full term in office and maybe a

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Speaker 1: little longer than that if everything works out. Okay, got it,

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Speaker 1: got it? You get the feeling. Heinel feels bad about this. Later,

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Speaker 1: he didn't stop him from being the you know, didn't

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Speaker 1: stop Smedley, you know, at the same time, although maybe

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Speaker 1: a little bit longer, maybe a little bit longer than

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Speaker 1: his term where the State Department, we don't give a

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Speaker 1: ship as far as Papa Doc went, his regime weathers

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Speaker 1: the rebellion, right, it's it's a rough point for for

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Speaker 1: a while, but they get through with the help of

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Speaker 1: the US. But he has a lot of stress because

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Speaker 1: people are trying to overthrow him, and all of this

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Speaker 1: stress causes him to have a heart attack, which he

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Speaker 1: near he dies from. Thankfully, his good buddy of the

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Speaker 1: United States of America was there to help. Again. We

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Speaker 1: flew in teams medical teams from Guantanamo Bay and Washington,

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Speaker 1: d C. To operate on the dictator's heart and save

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Speaker 1: his life. Why are so bad, like maybe consistently inconsistent. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we're gonna we're going to a dictator. Yeah, we overthrow

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Speaker 1: dictatorships asterix go to the bottom. This dictators we don't like,

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Speaker 1: that's you know what I'm saying. But there's some dictators

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Speaker 1: that like yo tator and kind of like why are

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Speaker 1: we so extra for somebody, Like why effort somewhere that's needed?

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Speaker 1: Family like America? Ye, good times. They would argue, we

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Speaker 1: are working for America, is their argument. Yeah, and I

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Speaker 1: mean they are. I guess, I don't know. Whatever. So

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Speaker 1: Devolier survives his fucking heart attack, and during his recovery

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Speaker 1: he's able to properly unable to. But like so he's

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Speaker 1: like fucked up for a while, and he can't be

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Speaker 1: a dictator when you're when you're sick, well no, because

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Speaker 1: power falls to his number two man, Clement Barbou, the

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Speaker 1: guy who murdered like Clement Barnbow, gets the nickname the

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Speaker 1: Muffler because of how good he is at silencing people.

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Speaker 1: Good God, So he's not a nice guy, The Muffler.

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Speaker 1: That nickname is so hard, but like horrible, it's very hard, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it is. It is like i'd want to be I'd

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Speaker 1: want to be called them. Yeah, you don't get that

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Speaker 1: nickname unless you're like a scary son of and this

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Speaker 1: guy will be talking about him more, is terrifying. So

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Speaker 1: by all accounts, Barbau does a good job of holding

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Speaker 1: onto powerful Duvaliere. But the problem is that if your

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Speaker 1: boss is a paranoid psychopath, they're not great at trust.

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Speaker 1: So Papa Doc recovers and he takes back power, but

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Speaker 1: he decides the chances are better than zero that his

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Speaker 1: trusted aid had spent the time while he was fucked

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Speaker 1: up plotting against him. Because again Davalier grows up through

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Speaker 1: like a dozen goods. Yeah, he doesn't even wait to

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Speaker 1: see if that's the case. He just immediately throws Barboa

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Speaker 1: in prison for sixteen months, like like, come on, bro,

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Speaker 1: are you serious? Okay, of course I was plotting your murder,

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Speaker 1: but yeah, but say now back in the saddle. Davolier

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Speaker 1: decided that his next job was to get rid of

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Speaker 1: the pesky term limits that the Haitian constitution, which he

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Speaker 1: had written called for his first term, was set to

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Speaker 1: end in nineteen sixty three. So he got together with

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Speaker 1: his attorney general and had him put together a surprise

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Speaker 1: early election. Francois du Volier was the only person allowed

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Speaker 1: to run for president. His party was the only party

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Speaker 1: allowed to field candidates, so Haitian voters basically got a

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Speaker 1: slip of paper with Duvolier's name on it, and whatever

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Speaker 1: they might want to do, he was going to get reelected,

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Speaker 1: which he was by a margin of thirteen million votes. Again,

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Speaker 1: he didn't get all those votes, but there also, weren't

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Speaker 1: other options. Yeah, yeah, they've got a multiple choice, is

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Speaker 1: the answer? A. That's it. That's the If you write

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Speaker 1: anything but A, we are shooting you. Yeah. Yeah. So

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Speaker 1: when he was told that he had won by such

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Speaker 1: a totally legitimate margin, he is said to have declared

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Speaker 1: as a revolutionary, I have no right to disregard the

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Speaker 1: voice of the people. Well, if they want me that

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Speaker 1: bad man, I'm just saying that's what they said, Ain't

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Speaker 1: that right? That's what I said. That's what they said.

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Speaker 1: They voted for me. What you want me to say?

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Speaker 1: Who am? I? I love it? Now. This frustrated the

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Speaker 1: United States, who preferred the strongman that they backed to

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Speaker 1: put in a little bit more effort into hiding their

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Speaker 1: naked authoritarianism. Earlier that year, we've given Duvalier fifty million

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Speaker 1: dollars in economic and military to help prop the regime

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Speaker 1: up because grampant corruption had hollowed out the government's ability

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Speaker 1: to do any of them most basic tasks of governing.

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Speaker 1: Um and the US was frustrated that Duvalier had taken

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Speaker 1: fifty million dollars and then made such a naked power grab. Again,

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Speaker 1: we had no problem with this guy, staying in past

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Speaker 1: his term limits. But we didn't like how blatant it

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Speaker 1: was right to make it obvious, maam. We were also frustrated.

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Speaker 1: That same year he took some of that fifty million

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Speaker 1: dollars and used to make a utopian named after himself.

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Speaker 1: He called it Duvolierville because dictators are not subtle people,

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Speaker 1: and it was a town built as a monument to himself. Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: not that creative either. He selected an existing village named

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Speaker 1: Cabaret as the location for his new project. Construction started

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Speaker 1: in nineteen sixty one and continued for several years. To

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Speaker 1: finances model city, he instituted heavy taxes on sugar, rice

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Speaker 1: and cooking oil. He docked the salaries of government workers,

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Speaker 1: and he forced them to buy bonds and lottery tickets.

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Speaker 1: Foreign businessmen were shaped down for contributions. Construction included a

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Speaker 1: water treatment plant which ever successfully treated any water, and

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Speaker 1: had a giant Greek style theater. From what I've been

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Speaker 1: able to find, was mostly used to store chickens. I

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Speaker 1: found a right up about the village in nineteen eighties six,

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Speaker 1: which shows where the project was twenty four years after

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Speaker 1: the start of construction. From the Chicago Tribune quote. We

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Speaker 1: don't have water, we don't have schools, we don't that

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Speaker 1: we don't have to pay for, and we don't have

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Speaker 1: a hospital, said Petite for Wilbert. What we have our

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Speaker 1: buildings with the name of the president's family. As one

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Speaker 1: enters du Volierville, a town of ten thousand people, there

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Speaker 1: is a large and now de face neon sign with

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Speaker 1: a light spelling out the name Francois du Volier. Just

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Speaker 1: beyond the sign lie a few square blocks of one

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Speaker 1: story cinder block houses. Chickens, goats, and the semi clothe

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Speaker 1: children wander amid the crumbling sidewalks that are the only

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Speaker 1: paved streets in this town. We have seven Sundays in Duvalierville,

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Speaker 1: the thirty five year old Wilbert said, ruling the lack

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Speaker 1: of jobs. The main complaint from the desperately poor people

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Speaker 1: here is about the lack of fresh water. The nearest

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Speaker 1: sources seven miles away, and the residents have to pay

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Speaker 1: people to bring it to them. A giant hugs the

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Speaker 1: project is there. It was going to treat the water

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Speaker 1: from the river, said Father Vital Middy, the parish priest,

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Speaker 1: talking about a plant. The elder Duvolier started to build

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Speaker 1: and never finished, but it has never worked. Father Middy

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Speaker 1: explained that work was begun in nineteen sixty two and

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Speaker 1: that once the late president inaugurated his pet project, nothing

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Speaker 1: more was done. Dude, First of all, at the phrase

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Speaker 1: seven sundays. Yeah, yeah, because we got no fucking jobs. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: we got seven Sundays. Also, can you imagine somebody asking you, hey, so,

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Speaker 1: how's that city named after you? Completely? Yea, it is fucked.

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Speaker 1: Let me tell you to go there. It's terrible, like yeah,

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Speaker 1: but but but I built a city, now you did

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Speaker 1: You didn't build, Yeah, I just named it and then

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Speaker 1: fucked it up. Yeah. So that same year nineteen sixty two,

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Speaker 1: when constructions kicking off for Duvalier, Ville, Clement barbo who

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Speaker 1: gets out of prison, you know it is now at

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Speaker 1: a prison after sixteen months, begins plotting to remove Duvolier

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Speaker 1: from office. And if it wasn't yeah, Now, Barbeau was

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Speaker 1: a frightening man, and he immediately launched a campaign of

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Speaker 1: very effective terrorism against the regime. In April of nineteen

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Speaker 1: sixty three, four of Duvolier's bodyguards were shot dead while

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Speaker 1: escorting his children to school. The kids were unharmed, but

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Speaker 1: Barboa sent Papa Doc a letter that made the meaning

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Speaker 1: of this attack very clear. Just target practice, basically, I

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Speaker 1: was I was just preparing to fucking kill you people.

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Speaker 1: I just wanted to check out if my guns were working.

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Speaker 1: So I killed your kids bodyguards and hey, I didn't

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Speaker 1: miss I didn't miss. Yeah. Weeks later, Barbo's men attacked

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Speaker 1: the schoolhouse filled with Duvolier supporters who were waiting for

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Speaker 1: their chance to come out and cheer the dictator on.

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Speaker 1: They've been packed into the schoolhouse as part of like

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Speaker 1: he was having a march through town. Right um, They've

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Speaker 1: been forced in there, and Barboux decides to ruin this

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Speaker 1: photo op and just machine guns the school kill seven people. Uh.

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Speaker 1: And the knowledge that Duvalier supporters could be although again,

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Speaker 1: these people didn't have the choice to support Duvolier right

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Speaker 1: like yeah, um, the knowledge that his supporters could be

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Speaker 1: massacred at a government rally shook the regime. From Time

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Speaker 1: magazine quote, Duvolier sent militia patrols to comb Porta Princes

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Speaker 1: festering slums, but Barbeau laid clever ambushes. In one final loan,

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Speaker 1: thirty loyal duvalieris were reported killed. While Duvalier's men were

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Speaker 1: out chasing him. Barbeau rated their lightly guarded barracks for arms.

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Speaker 1: He even telephoned the palace one day wanting du Volier

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Speaker 1: not to drink his coffee. It was poisoned, said Barbeaux Sky. Yeah, god,

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Speaker 1: he doing like you shouldn't drinking coffee, Like what because

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Speaker 1: I fucking poisoned it poison Like, oh, you're just gonna

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Speaker 1: tell me about it? I mean, yeah, go ahead and

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Speaker 1: sip it in. Like what this guy he gets one

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Speaker 1: are the only his thing, y'all. Only saving grace in

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Speaker 1: being under a dick hatership like that is knowing that

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Speaker 1: if you just support the dictator, you can't get touched.

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Speaker 1: And what this dude is just ruined that security that like,

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Speaker 1: oh no, you can still get touched. He is fucking

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Speaker 1: shipped up. And there's this amazing moment where he gets

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Speaker 1: cornered in a building and they just machine gun the

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Speaker 1: building he's in, blow it up and ship and a

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Speaker 1: black dog runs out of the building like he had

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Speaker 1: escaped somehow, but there was a dog and there the

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Speaker 1: dog runs out and it starts this myth that Barbo

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Speaker 1: can't be killed because he has the power to change himself.

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Speaker 1: He has the voodoo power to change into a black

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Speaker 1: dog and scape at will. So to follow he, being

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Speaker 1: the kind of dude he is, orders every black dog

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Speaker 1: and Haiti shot on site. Word. Oh he's a black dog. Okay, yeah,

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Speaker 1: gang bang. Now you know who won't order dogs assassinated?

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Speaker 1: I said won't. I said won't. Yeah, Sophie will not,

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Speaker 1: and neither will the products and services that support this podcast.

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Speaker 1: We're back. Uh boy, what a great what a great

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Speaker 1: ad break we just had. So as the whole ordering

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Speaker 1: all of the dogs that looked wrong shot thing might

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Speaker 1: have keep you in on Papa Ducks kind of paranoid

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Speaker 1: in this period. He's always been a paranoid guy, and

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Speaker 1: his paranoia was ratcheted up because of the c i A. So, well,

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Speaker 1: this is all happening. Kennedy takes power in nineteen sixty

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Speaker 1: well not whatever. Kennedy's elected in nineteen sixty one, and

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Speaker 1: that changes US policy towards Haiti because Kennedy does not

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Speaker 1: like Haiti um and it becomes US policy. US had

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Speaker 1: supported Papa Doc prior to this. Uh, it becomes Kennedy's

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Speaker 1: policy to force Papa Dock out of power. So he

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Speaker 1: sets the CIA to this task. The CIA, because they're

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Speaker 1: never quite as smart as as people like to think

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Speaker 1: they are. Um, let's see, IA decides that because he's superstitious. Um,

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Speaker 1: what they're gonna do is they buy the rights to

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Speaker 1: rewrite the horoscope predictions for his astrological sign in a

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Speaker 1: French monthly magazine called Horoscope. That TV red that's the

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Speaker 1: CIA plan. That's fun, this funking. I mean they also

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Speaker 1: try to arm dissidents and stuff like like they were

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Speaker 1: his horoscope, tuck him up. Yeah, this is the time

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Speaker 1: of the exploding cigar, you know, Like, okay, so mad.

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Speaker 1: Could you imagine being on the pitch team during this time? Like, yo, fun?

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Speaker 1: What about horoscopes? Yeah? Okay, guys, hear me out here,

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Speaker 1: me out the man reads a horoscope every day. What

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Speaker 1: if we just what if we just yeah, yeah, what's

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Speaker 1: a sign? I got an idea? Yeah, yeah, I have

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Speaker 1: not come across the tales and what they wrote for

403
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Speaker 1: his horoscopes. But this was not the only time the

404
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Speaker 1: CIA dabbled in astrology. In the nineteen fifties, they created

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Speaker 1: and distributed an astrological almanac and Vietnam in order to

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Speaker 1: play on fears and superstitions that were common in northern Vietnam.

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Speaker 1: They also repeatedly threw in predictions about prosperity in southern

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Speaker 1: Vietnam to try and make life there look more attractive. Um,

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Speaker 1: you may notice that didn't work, and I don't think

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Speaker 1: it works here. I don't have no way of knowing

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Speaker 1: if this makes him more paranoid, if like, maybe it does.

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Speaker 1: It's hard to tell. With Papa doc Um. I just

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Speaker 1: thought that was funny. Fired. He's like, right before the

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Speaker 1: person wants to stay at office, what do we do horoscopes? Yeah,

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Speaker 1: that's a good day's Yeah, at least nobody dies, leasna

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Speaker 1: have to go there. You know, we are so busy

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Speaker 1: killing people in Guatemala. Let's just try the horoscope thing. Yeah. So, um,

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Speaker 1: I don't know, we'll see. Uh. My guesses they were

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00:23:36,119 --> 00:23:38,199
Speaker 1: probably trying to make him like feel like death was

420
00:23:38,240 --> 00:23:40,199
Speaker 1: coming for him and he should probably be an exile.

421
00:23:40,240 --> 00:23:42,879
Speaker 1: It doesn't work anyway. Back to Barbell. In July of

422
00:23:42,960 --> 00:23:46,800
Speaker 1: nineteen sixty three, Barbo's luck runs out. He had decided

423
00:23:46,840 --> 00:23:49,000
Speaker 1: to gather all of his supporters and launch an attack

424
00:23:49,040 --> 00:23:52,400
Speaker 1: on the dictator, but someone tipped the attack off to Duvalier,

425
00:23:52,560 --> 00:23:54,960
Speaker 1: and he sent a swarm of Tonton mccoot to Barbo's

426
00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:57,520
Speaker 1: hiding place in a sugarcane field, and they just light

427
00:23:57,600 --> 00:24:00,160
Speaker 1: the whole field on fire. When Barbone has men try

428
00:24:00,200 --> 00:24:04,480
Speaker 1: to escape, their machine gun to death, and famously Papa

429
00:24:04,520 --> 00:24:06,520
Speaker 1: Doc has his head cut off, put on ice and

430
00:24:06,520 --> 00:24:11,960
Speaker 1: delivered to the palace um because he's that kind of dude. Now,

431
00:24:12,040 --> 00:24:14,280
Speaker 1: the regime kills at least fifty other people during the

432
00:24:14,320 --> 00:24:17,159
Speaker 1: panic over Barbo. Dozens more picked up on suspicion of

433
00:24:17,200 --> 00:24:20,560
Speaker 1: being antidivaliarist, and I never heard from again. By the

434
00:24:20,600 --> 00:24:23,359
Speaker 1: time the whole sordid business is over, however, the regime

435
00:24:23,400 --> 00:24:27,200
Speaker 1: found itself in a relatively solid position. The greatest threat

436
00:24:27,240 --> 00:24:30,520
Speaker 1: to Papa Doc's reign was gone. There were several more

437
00:24:30,560 --> 00:24:33,320
Speaker 1: invasions by groups of exiles, most of which were launched

438
00:24:33,320 --> 00:24:37,000
Speaker 1: from inside the Dominican Republic, Haiti's neighbor. Again, they don't

439
00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:40,400
Speaker 1: get along, uh and and and fucking and Papa Doctor

440
00:24:40,400 --> 00:24:42,000
Speaker 1: as much of fucked up ship towards Haiti. There's a

441
00:24:42,280 --> 00:24:43,760
Speaker 1: lot of like yeah, like I'm not putting it on

442
00:24:43,800 --> 00:24:47,439
Speaker 1: the Dominican Republican again overthrowing Papa Dox, broadly speaking, a

443
00:24:47,480 --> 00:24:50,679
Speaker 1: good thing to do because he sucks um. So in

444
00:24:50,760 --> 00:24:53,160
Speaker 1: order to deal with all of these like cross border

445
00:24:53,200 --> 00:24:56,679
Speaker 1: attacks from the Dominican Republic, and to stop his own citizens.

446
00:24:56,680 --> 00:24:58,960
Speaker 1: More than that, to stop his own citizens from fleeing

447
00:24:58,960 --> 00:25:02,440
Speaker 1: to the Dominican Republic, Davolier burns a three square mile

448
00:25:02,520 --> 00:25:05,560
Speaker 1: swath of forest around the border between the two countries,

449
00:25:05,920 --> 00:25:08,160
Speaker 1: creating a no man's land so his soldiers can gun

450
00:25:08,200 --> 00:25:10,600
Speaker 1: down anyone trying to flee into or out of the country.

451
00:25:11,920 --> 00:25:14,080
Speaker 1: One threat to his regime came from a former army

452
00:25:14,119 --> 00:25:16,399
Speaker 1: officer who was also a voodoo guy and who bragged

453
00:25:16,400 --> 00:25:18,800
Speaker 1: that he was immune to death. Davolier had his men

454
00:25:18,880 --> 00:25:21,040
Speaker 1: proved the officer wrong by cutting his head off, putting

455
00:25:21,040 --> 00:25:22,520
Speaker 1: it in a bucket of ice, and sending it to

456
00:25:22,520 --> 00:25:26,199
Speaker 1: the presidential palace. He did this a few times. In

457
00:25:26,320 --> 00:25:29,960
Speaker 1: nineteen sixty four, Davolier ditched all pretense and made himself

458
00:25:30,040 --> 00:25:33,000
Speaker 1: president for life. He had a group of army officers

459
00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:36,119
Speaker 1: circulated petition demanding that he'd do this. Then he had

460
00:25:36,160 --> 00:25:39,359
Speaker 1: his legislature replaced the constitution that he'd written years before

461
00:25:39,640 --> 00:25:43,119
Speaker 1: with one that legalized lifelong presidency. Then he had another

462
00:25:43,160 --> 00:25:46,480
Speaker 1: referendum where he was again the sole candidate. He was

463
00:25:46,520 --> 00:25:50,320
Speaker 1: inaugurated president for life on June twenty two, nineteen sixty four.

464
00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:53,919
Speaker 1: From that point on, a lot of professionals in Haiti,

465
00:25:53,960 --> 00:25:57,800
Speaker 1: people with marketable skills like running a country, started to

466
00:25:57,840 --> 00:26:01,120
Speaker 1: flee for literally anywhere else. They're like us. Doesn't seem

467
00:26:01,119 --> 00:26:02,840
Speaker 1: like it's head in a good direct. This guy's already

468
00:26:02,920 --> 00:26:06,520
Speaker 1: lasted longer than any of the other previously. This is

469
00:26:06,560 --> 00:26:08,640
Speaker 1: not going to gonna end anywhere. While we should get

470
00:26:08,640 --> 00:26:11,760
Speaker 1: the funk out um, the fact that everyone who knows

471
00:26:11,760 --> 00:26:14,359
Speaker 1: how to do anything leaves means that the health care

472
00:26:14,359 --> 00:26:17,840
Speaker 1: and educational systems collapse entirely. School just stops being a

473
00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:21,639
Speaker 1: thing from because there's not fucking teachers. Duvolier confiscated peasant

474
00:26:21,760 --> 00:26:24,720
Speaker 1: land holdings and increased taxes on the poor, siphoning off

475
00:26:24,720 --> 00:26:27,600
Speaker 1: about five million dollars in taxes and foreign aid to

476
00:26:27,680 --> 00:26:32,359
Speaker 1: his personal fortune. Malnutrition and famine became endemic. His Taunton

477
00:26:32,440 --> 00:26:35,400
Speaker 1: mccoot grew larger and killed more people every year, beating

478
00:26:35,400 --> 00:26:38,680
Speaker 1: and torturing not just dissidents, but any person individual. Tauntons

479
00:26:38,720 --> 00:26:42,159
Speaker 1: took a dislike to as the regime wore on, so

480
00:26:42,240 --> 00:26:46,040
Speaker 1: did the repression. From the New York Times quote, After

481
00:26:46,080 --> 00:26:49,040
Speaker 1: six teenagers painted a down with Duvalier sign on the

482
00:26:49,080 --> 00:26:52,080
Speaker 1: Port up prints wall and were executed without trial, President

483
00:26:52,119 --> 00:26:55,400
Speaker 1: Duvalier ordered that all youth organizations, even the Boy Scouts,

484
00:26:55,440 --> 00:26:59,080
Speaker 1: be disbanded. He deported clergyman who criticized his rule, earning

485
00:26:59,119 --> 00:27:02,040
Speaker 1: his own excommunity cacation from the Roman Catholic Church. He

486
00:27:02,119 --> 00:27:05,119
Speaker 1: ignored Rome, however, and continued to attend mass carrying a

487
00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:10,439
Speaker 1: rifle inflanked by six to ten bodyguards. Tell me, how

488
00:27:10,440 --> 00:27:13,280
Speaker 1: are you gonna tell me what God? I sir, I'm

489
00:27:13,359 --> 00:27:18,840
Speaker 1: going to church today? These brothers with these weapons, tell

490
00:27:18,920 --> 00:27:22,479
Speaker 1: to do it with the sticks back here? I can't. Community. Yes,

491
00:27:22,560 --> 00:27:25,359
Speaker 1: send those Swiss motherfucker's with the birds and see how

492
00:27:25,400 --> 00:27:29,000
Speaker 1: they do. Send him down. Come round hood, hey, no

493
00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:30,680
Speaker 1: no no, no, no no no no no, hey, you shut

494
00:27:30,720 --> 00:27:36,159
Speaker 1: the funk up. All right past the past, the go ahead. Continue.

495
00:27:37,200 --> 00:27:40,960
Speaker 1: Even duvalier strong willed favorite daughter Marie Denise, fell victim

496
00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:43,600
Speaker 1: to his wrath when she insisted on marrying a Lieutenant

497
00:27:43,600 --> 00:27:47,200
Speaker 1: Colonel Max Dominique, a handsome black, Despite his public stance

498
00:27:47,240 --> 00:27:49,480
Speaker 1: that Haiti belonged to the blacks. Papa Doc had married

499
00:27:49,480 --> 00:27:51,679
Speaker 1: a mulatto and made it no secret that he wanted

500
00:27:51,680 --> 00:27:56,200
Speaker 1: his children to follow his example. Of course, yeah yeah.

501
00:27:56,320 --> 00:27:59,359
Speaker 1: After their marriage in nineteen sixty seven, President Duvalier got

502
00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:02,560
Speaker 1: the manifest Site by appointing Colonel Dominique ambassador to Spain.

503
00:28:02,800 --> 00:28:05,320
Speaker 1: Hours after the Dominiques had left, Papa Doc rounded up

504
00:28:05,440 --> 00:28:08,359
Speaker 1: nineteen of their army officer friends and, after accusing them

505
00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:11,119
Speaker 1: of plotting against him, personally led the firing squad that

506
00:28:11,160 --> 00:28:16,120
Speaker 1: executed them. Yeah, and that's why White Clef John left

507
00:28:16,160 --> 00:28:18,879
Speaker 1: and started the fujis in I'm just yeah, I think so,

508
00:28:19,680 --> 00:28:22,840
Speaker 1: that's exactly what happened. That's how the fuji started was him.

509
00:28:22,880 --> 00:28:26,000
Speaker 1: He was there in Haiti during this and his mama

510
00:28:26,040 --> 00:28:28,040
Speaker 1: was like, yo, we gotta go. Yes, this is not

511
00:28:28,119 --> 00:28:30,560
Speaker 1: going to end well yeah yeah, that's where he met

512
00:28:30,640 --> 00:28:34,000
Speaker 1: Lauren Hill and that's why we have the So something

513
00:28:34,040 --> 00:28:38,040
Speaker 1: good came out of the roy we got we got

514
00:28:40,960 --> 00:28:46,280
Speaker 1: we got the Shakira song yeh with White Clep there. Yes,

515
00:28:46,760 --> 00:28:49,280
Speaker 1: we didn't get any good hip hop acts out of Hitler.

516
00:28:50,040 --> 00:28:53,640
Speaker 1: Wait a second that was excellent? Was that was that

517
00:28:53,680 --> 00:28:56,000
Speaker 1: spot on you know the trick for secura is you

518
00:28:56,040 --> 00:28:59,360
Speaker 1: have to kind she's kind of kermit. It's kind of kermit,

519
00:29:00,640 --> 00:29:04,360
Speaker 1: but you have to do it on key. I just

520
00:29:04,400 --> 00:29:08,440
Speaker 1: wanted to give that some shine because okay, appreciate that.

521
00:29:09,640 --> 00:29:11,960
Speaker 1: Thank you. I don't know if I could do it

522
00:29:11,960 --> 00:29:17,480
Speaker 1: again because it was so off the head. Yeah anyway,

523
00:29:17,520 --> 00:29:21,280
Speaker 1: all right, so uh. Davolier spent much of the middle

524
00:29:21,360 --> 00:29:25,040
Speaker 1: late sixties engaging in an escalating war with the Catholic

525
00:29:25,160 --> 00:29:28,400
Speaker 1: Church clergy. He could not briber, threatened would be arrested.

526
00:29:28,440 --> 00:29:32,200
Speaker 1: He exiled several bishops of papal nuncio and numerous priests.

527
00:29:32,240 --> 00:29:35,600
Speaker 1: He confiscated church property, and in nineteen sixty six he

528
00:29:35,680 --> 00:29:39,040
Speaker 1: succeeded in bringing the Vatican to the negotiating table. The

529
00:29:39,120 --> 00:29:41,960
Speaker 1: end result was an accord that allowed him to nationalize

530
00:29:41,960 --> 00:29:44,840
Speaker 1: the Catholic Church of Haiti, effectively making him the head

531
00:29:44,840 --> 00:29:47,760
Speaker 1: of Haitian Catholicism. He was given the power to name

532
00:29:47,840 --> 00:29:50,920
Speaker 1: bishops and archbishops, albeit with the approval of the Holy See.

533
00:29:51,400 --> 00:29:54,560
Speaker 1: So let me tell you something. When you start traveling

534
00:29:54,600 --> 00:29:59,240
Speaker 1: hoods and you like no like like Haitian, like Haitian

535
00:29:59,320 --> 00:30:04,000
Speaker 1: thugs like Haitian gangsters, and justice like these people are

536
00:30:04,040 --> 00:30:09,000
Speaker 1: afraid of nothing. And and now like understanding the sort

537
00:30:09,000 --> 00:30:12,680
Speaker 1: of the cultural mew meal you where like even the

538
00:30:12,680 --> 00:30:16,520
Speaker 1: dictator was like, okay, first of all, we overthrew our oppressors.

539
00:30:16,760 --> 00:30:21,520
Speaker 1: Then we overthrew every politic or every uh colonial force.

540
00:30:22,120 --> 00:30:24,120
Speaker 1: And now we've ben't told the Catholic Church what we're

541
00:30:24,120 --> 00:30:26,360
Speaker 1: gonna do. You understand what I'm saying. You think you're

542
00:30:26,360 --> 00:30:29,400
Speaker 1: gonna serve from cocaine on my block? Like that that

543
00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:32,440
Speaker 1: this is making all that makes sense that like some

544
00:30:32,520 --> 00:30:34,800
Speaker 1: of the hoods in Miami would like these like way

545
00:30:34,880 --> 00:30:37,720
Speaker 1: like the Hatians do out there. Are you just like stated,

546
00:30:37,960 --> 00:30:40,080
Speaker 1: there's some people that you like, stay to hell out

547
00:30:40,120 --> 00:30:45,600
Speaker 1: their way, you know, and it is known you stay

548
00:30:45,600 --> 00:30:47,640
Speaker 1: out the Haitians. Just stay out their way, let them

549
00:30:47,680 --> 00:30:51,400
Speaker 1: do what they're doing. And I'm seeing now even at

550
00:30:51,920 --> 00:30:54,080
Speaker 1: the government level, you should just stay to hell out

551
00:30:54,120 --> 00:30:57,760
Speaker 1: their way. Yeah. And it's you know, it is a

552
00:30:57,800 --> 00:31:01,560
Speaker 1: mark of the level of skill and how frightening this

553
00:31:01,600 --> 00:31:04,120
Speaker 1: guy is that he's able to get He gets the

554
00:31:04,160 --> 00:31:08,840
Speaker 1: Catholic Church to like the seeds some of their sovereignty,

555
00:31:08,920 --> 00:31:11,360
Speaker 1: and the Catholic Church is like, yeah, you know, there

556
00:31:12,560 --> 00:31:15,560
Speaker 1: there is there as hard as it gets pretty much

557
00:31:15,600 --> 00:31:21,200
Speaker 1: with this millennial long yeah regime here, they've kept the

558
00:31:21,240 --> 00:31:24,360
Speaker 1: ship going a while, and they're like right, like we

559
00:31:24,360 --> 00:31:26,240
Speaker 1: we we've got to we've got to bow to you

560
00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:29,280
Speaker 1: some Okay, we all want no parts. It is go ahead,

561
00:31:29,360 --> 00:31:33,040
Speaker 1: do what you want to do. So uh yeah. Now unfortunately,

562
00:31:33,360 --> 00:31:37,479
Speaker 1: uh well, fortunately, I guess people die. Uh. And by

563
00:31:37,520 --> 00:31:41,080
Speaker 1: the late nineteen sixties he's old, he's in bad health. Um.

564
00:31:41,120 --> 00:31:43,360
Speaker 1: He tries to kind of burnish his image at the

565
00:31:43,440 --> 00:31:45,760
Speaker 1: end by putting out a bunch of propaganda about like

566
00:31:45,800 --> 00:31:49,080
Speaker 1: how cool the Duvolarist revolution, and he tries to actually

567
00:31:49,080 --> 00:31:52,560
Speaker 1: tie himself to like Mao and other great revolutionaries, even

568
00:31:52,560 --> 00:31:56,600
Speaker 1: though he'd spent his life as an anti communist. It's weird. Um.

569
00:31:56,640 --> 00:31:58,440
Speaker 1: One of the things he does is he adapts the

570
00:31:58,480 --> 00:32:02,480
Speaker 1: Lord's prayer so that Haitians can pray to him. Um.

571
00:32:02,560 --> 00:32:04,760
Speaker 1: And the adaptation goes, our doc who aren't in the

572
00:32:04,840 --> 00:32:06,880
Speaker 1: National Palace for life, how lo would be thy name

573
00:32:06,960 --> 00:32:10,080
Speaker 1: by present in future generations that will be done at Porta,

574
00:32:10,160 --> 00:32:12,200
Speaker 1: Prince and in the provinces, give us this day, our

575
00:32:12,280 --> 00:32:15,320
Speaker 1: new Haiti, and never forgive the trespasses of the antipatriots.

576
00:32:15,320 --> 00:32:17,800
Speaker 1: Who spent every day on our country. Let them succumb

577
00:32:17,840 --> 00:32:20,040
Speaker 1: to temptation and under the weight of their venom, deliver

578
00:32:20,120 --> 00:32:25,000
Speaker 1: them not from evil. He took the most wholesome part,

579
00:32:26,360 --> 00:32:29,760
Speaker 1: the most wholesome part, the most redeeming part of the

580
00:32:29,760 --> 00:32:32,720
Speaker 1: whole thing. Was like, oh man, you know what, how

581
00:32:32,760 --> 00:32:34,520
Speaker 1: you know your kind of give us this day our

582
00:32:34,600 --> 00:32:37,960
Speaker 1: daily bread. You know, forgive our debts as we forgive

583
00:32:38,040 --> 00:32:40,640
Speaker 1: our debtors. Like the one part you could say is

584
00:32:40,680 --> 00:32:43,400
Speaker 1: like this is pretty good, you know, just this idea

585
00:32:43,400 --> 00:32:46,480
Speaker 1: of radical forgiveness. He's like, and don't you ever in

586
00:32:46,520 --> 00:32:55,360
Speaker 1: your life forgive these people? Dog hard So Davoliers propagandists

587
00:32:55,360 --> 00:32:57,520
Speaker 1: put out a book, you know. Anyway, they do a

588
00:32:57,520 --> 00:32:59,920
Speaker 1: bunch of trying to tie him, like make him into

589
00:32:59,920 --> 00:33:03,520
Speaker 1: the great revolutionary leader. That's kind of his last big flex.

590
00:33:03,640 --> 00:33:07,360
Speaker 1: In nineteen seventy, he suffers a horrible heart attack. Um,

591
00:33:07,400 --> 00:33:09,880
Speaker 1: and like most men who suffer their second big heart attack,

592
00:33:09,960 --> 00:33:13,320
Speaker 1: after thirteen years of suppressing rebellions, Papa Doc starts thinking

593
00:33:13,320 --> 00:33:15,880
Speaker 1: about his mortality. UM. He decides he wants to be

594
00:33:15,920 --> 00:33:19,120
Speaker 1: succeeded by his only son, Jean Claude, a nineteen year

595
00:33:19,120 --> 00:33:21,280
Speaker 1: old giant who up until that point has mostly been

596
00:33:21,280 --> 00:33:24,320
Speaker 1: a party kid. Papa Doc had his legislature changed the

597
00:33:24,360 --> 00:33:26,800
Speaker 1: constitution again, which sort of begs the question of why

598
00:33:26,880 --> 00:33:29,480
Speaker 1: he bothered having a constitution in the first place. The

599
00:33:29,560 --> 00:33:32,680
Speaker 1: second constitution that he'd written in sixty four had stipulated

600
00:33:32,720 --> 00:33:34,840
Speaker 1: that the president for life had to be forty years old.

601
00:33:35,080 --> 00:33:37,880
Speaker 1: He changed this. He holds another referendum and asked people

602
00:33:37,920 --> 00:33:41,000
Speaker 1: to vote yea or nay on this question. Citizen Doctor

603
00:33:41,200 --> 00:33:44,680
Speaker 1: Francois du Volier has chosen citizen John Claude Duvalier to

604
00:33:44,720 --> 00:33:47,040
Speaker 1: succeed him to the presidency for life of the Republic.

605
00:33:47,240 --> 00:33:54,160
Speaker 1: Does this choice answer your aspirations and your desisures? Um? Obviously? Yeah,

606
00:33:54,520 --> 00:33:58,160
Speaker 1: Papa Doc gets his way, um. And two months later,

607
00:33:58,200 --> 00:34:01,880
Speaker 1: in February nineteen seventy one, Papa Doc Duvalier dies. An

608
00:34:02,000 --> 00:34:05,240
Speaker 1: estimated forty Haitians had died under his rule from a

609
00:34:05,240 --> 00:34:09,560
Speaker 1: mix of starvation, malnutrition, and murder. And we're going to

610
00:34:09,680 --> 00:34:13,000
Speaker 1: give the story much shorter story of Jean Claude Duvalier.

611
00:34:13,360 --> 00:34:18,080
Speaker 1: But first, you know who didn't kill forty people? The

612
00:34:18,120 --> 00:34:21,879
Speaker 1: products and services? That's that's right, that's right, that's right,

613
00:34:28,520 --> 00:34:31,600
Speaker 1: all right, We're back. So, Jean Claude Duvalier did not

614
00:34:31,760 --> 00:34:34,480
Speaker 1: really want to be president for life. Um. Prior to

615
00:34:34,520 --> 00:34:37,440
Speaker 1: taking power, he'd spent most of his time living in

616
00:34:37,480 --> 00:34:39,960
Speaker 1: the palace. He never really left the capital. He was

617
00:34:40,040 --> 00:34:42,400
Speaker 1: not very smart. He seems to have known this. He

618
00:34:42,520 --> 00:34:45,920
Speaker 1: was not very power hungry. Um. He suggested his sister

619
00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:49,399
Speaker 1: Marie Denise take the job, but his father said no. Um.

620
00:34:49,400 --> 00:34:51,840
Speaker 1: On the day he was sworn into office, Jean Claude

621
00:34:51,840 --> 00:34:54,600
Speaker 1: missed his own coronation because he was too high on valium,

622
00:34:54,600 --> 00:34:57,399
Speaker 1: because he was Yeah, I love it. He's like, man,

623
00:34:57,440 --> 00:35:01,640
Speaker 1: I'm just rich. I just want to rich. I'm just rich.

624
00:35:01,760 --> 00:35:05,080
Speaker 1: Don't work, Hey, you do it? Yeah. Look, my sister

625
00:35:05,239 --> 00:35:08,080
Speaker 1: she loves audit. I'm not great at history, but I

626
00:35:08,120 --> 00:35:10,319
Speaker 1: know enough to know that it's hard to be the

627
00:35:10,320 --> 00:35:13,480
Speaker 1: president of what you going through? Are you stressed out

628
00:35:13,480 --> 00:35:17,680
Speaker 1: all the time? Killing everybody that seemed miserable? He missed,

629
00:35:17,880 --> 00:35:22,359
Speaker 1: won't this? Uh? So. The one sign that he might

630
00:35:22,400 --> 00:35:24,840
Speaker 1: have some steel in him had come in nineteen sixty seven,

631
00:35:24,840 --> 00:35:27,560
Speaker 1: when John Claude was fifteen. His fa father had flown

632
00:35:27,560 --> 00:35:29,759
Speaker 1: into a rage at his mother and started hitting her,

633
00:35:29,800 --> 00:35:32,200
Speaker 1: and John Claude had shoved Papa Doc into a room

634
00:35:32,239 --> 00:35:35,879
Speaker 1: and locked him there for three hours. UM. That said,

635
00:35:35,920 --> 00:35:38,440
Speaker 1: the story was not widely known, and most foreign pundits

636
00:35:38,480 --> 00:35:41,680
Speaker 1: assumed he was going to lose power pretty quickly. Um.

637
00:35:41,760 --> 00:35:45,080
Speaker 1: But of course that's not how it went. He surprised

638
00:35:45,120 --> 00:35:46,560
Speaker 1: the people who thought that he was going to be

639
00:35:46,600 --> 00:35:49,239
Speaker 1: out quickly. He put on a friendlier mask to the

640
00:35:49,280 --> 00:35:52,839
Speaker 1: international community. Um. While his family, namely his sister and

641
00:35:52,880 --> 00:35:56,560
Speaker 1: his mom were the power behind the throne. Um. Meanwhile, like, well,

642
00:35:56,600 --> 00:35:59,440
Speaker 1: they were continuing to do pretty brutal ship. He opens

643
00:35:59,480 --> 00:36:02,960
Speaker 1: the palace to journalists. He starts paying off the country's debts. Uh.

644
00:36:03,000 --> 00:36:06,279
Speaker 1: He modernizes. He supports a quickie divorce law that makes

645
00:36:06,320 --> 00:36:08,960
Speaker 1: Haiti a tourist mecca. You can get divorced in twenty

646
00:36:08,960 --> 00:36:13,760
Speaker 1: four hours, so people start going there to divorce. Um.

647
00:36:13,800 --> 00:36:16,239
Speaker 1: And he gets good at cleaning up prisons, like right

648
00:36:16,280 --> 00:36:19,080
Speaker 1: before international observers visit. So he starts to like make

649
00:36:19,080 --> 00:36:21,839
Speaker 1: a play for now. I'm gonna modernize. I'm gonna fix

650
00:36:21,880 --> 00:36:23,439
Speaker 1: a lot of this ship that's wrong. We're gonna fix

651
00:36:23,440 --> 00:36:26,959
Speaker 1: this stuff. We're gonna clean up Haiti. Um. Davalier also

652
00:36:27,000 --> 00:36:30,120
Speaker 1: opened the country to foreign business and economic liberalization. He

653
00:36:30,200 --> 00:36:34,520
Speaker 1: called Jean claudeis um. This mostly meant giving US businesses

654
00:36:34,600 --> 00:36:36,640
Speaker 1: a lot of tax breaks and ship and letting take

655
00:36:36,680 --> 00:36:39,560
Speaker 1: advantage of cheap labor uh and letting them use the

656
00:36:39,560 --> 00:36:41,920
Speaker 1: Taunton mccoots to crack it down on any unions that

657
00:36:42,000 --> 00:36:47,960
Speaker 1: tried to form and damn Sean Claude. So all of

658
00:36:47,960 --> 00:36:50,279
Speaker 1: this makes the US government really happy. Oh, you're gonna

659
00:36:50,320 --> 00:36:52,440
Speaker 1: crack out on unions again. You gotta let businesses in.

660
00:36:52,760 --> 00:36:54,279
Speaker 1: For the first couple of years of his rule, for

661
00:36:54,520 --> 00:36:59,240
Speaker 1: and aid increased to Haiti by more than eight percent UM. Now, obviously,

662
00:36:59,280 --> 00:37:01,680
Speaker 1: as I said, his his mom and his sister are

663
00:37:01,680 --> 00:37:03,239
Speaker 1: the real power, and they're kind of a odds with

664
00:37:03,280 --> 00:37:05,600
Speaker 1: each other. His mom is a traditionalist. She wants to

665
00:37:05,600 --> 00:37:08,480
Speaker 1: do things the way that Dad had done things. UM.

666
00:37:08,520 --> 00:37:11,360
Speaker 1: His sister is more actually does want to seem to

667
00:37:11,400 --> 00:37:13,600
Speaker 1: want to modernize at least some things. The to fight

668
00:37:13,640 --> 00:37:16,480
Speaker 1: all the time, Baby Doc mostly spends his time playing

669
00:37:16,640 --> 00:37:20,520
Speaker 1: with fast cars and partying. In nineteen and other horrible

670
00:37:20,560 --> 00:37:23,600
Speaker 1: famine hits the country, Baby Doc begs the US for aid.

671
00:37:23,680 --> 00:37:26,280
Speaker 1: The United States obliges, and all those cash and food

672
00:37:26,760 --> 00:37:30,040
Speaker 1: shipments go directly into the hands of his powerful supporters.

673
00:37:30,080 --> 00:37:33,560
Speaker 1: This was discovered immediately. Congressman started yelling about Haitian corruption

674
00:37:33,640 --> 00:37:36,200
Speaker 1: until Baby Doc arrested a handful of people. But this

675
00:37:36,280 --> 00:37:38,720
Speaker 1: did not stop the famine or make Hatie less corrupt,

676
00:37:38,760 --> 00:37:41,640
Speaker 1: and in seventy six, Haitian refugees start flooding into the

677
00:37:41,719 --> 00:37:44,480
Speaker 1: United States. A lot of these guys die. It's a

678
00:37:44,520 --> 00:37:47,359
Speaker 1: really horrible trip. There's a lot of gruesome pictures of it,

679
00:37:47,680 --> 00:37:50,399
Speaker 1: and people get outraged. In nineteen seventy six, Jimmy Carter

680
00:37:50,480 --> 00:37:52,520
Speaker 1: takes office and he's like, we're going to change things.

681
00:37:52,840 --> 00:37:54,960
Speaker 1: You know, We're we're gonna tie aid to you, actually

682
00:37:55,000 --> 00:37:58,759
Speaker 1: improving human rights conditions. Um. This creates a problem for

683
00:37:58,800 --> 00:38:00,359
Speaker 1: Baby Docs, so he has to push through a bunch

684
00:38:00,400 --> 00:38:03,080
Speaker 1: of cosmetic reforms to try to trick Jimmy Carter. Not

685
00:38:03,200 --> 00:38:06,320
Speaker 1: the hardest things anyone's ever done. He arrests if Utahnton

686
00:38:06,400 --> 00:38:10,400
Speaker 1: mccoot um. Very few international absorbs are truly fooled, but

687
00:38:10,480 --> 00:38:12,799
Speaker 1: more AID is allowed to enter the country. I think

688
00:38:12,840 --> 00:38:15,239
Speaker 1: Carter's hope was that, Okay, they did a couple of things,

689
00:38:15,280 --> 00:38:17,839
Speaker 1: will send in more aid, maybe they'll change more. But

690
00:38:17,960 --> 00:38:21,120
Speaker 1: before anything could really change, Ronald Reagan gets elected, and

691
00:38:21,160 --> 00:38:23,200
Speaker 1: he did not give a fuck about whether or not

692
00:38:23,280 --> 00:38:27,279
Speaker 1: Haiti got more democratic Um. Baby, Doc is smart enough

693
00:38:27,320 --> 00:38:29,640
Speaker 1: to know. Okay, Ronald Reagan's and I'm gonna start talking

694
00:38:29,640 --> 00:38:32,759
Speaker 1: about how bad communism is. He actually holds a champagne

695
00:38:32,760 --> 00:38:34,799
Speaker 1: party when Reagan gets elected because he knows it's gonna

696
00:38:34,800 --> 00:38:38,000
Speaker 1: make it easier. Reagan's like anti communist. Here's a funkload

697
00:38:38,040 --> 00:38:42,399
Speaker 1: of money. Um. Yeah, and this is actually uh now

698
00:38:42,520 --> 00:38:45,680
Speaker 1: now seriously speaking, this is actually the the meal you

699
00:38:45,800 --> 00:38:48,239
Speaker 1: that made the Fuji's and why they're called the Fuji's.

700
00:38:48,280 --> 00:38:51,279
Speaker 1: It's short for refugees and it's because of this. Yeah.

701
00:38:51,400 --> 00:38:54,840
Speaker 1: And and by nineteen eighty, Haiti is completely dependent on

702
00:38:54,960 --> 00:38:57,520
Speaker 1: foreign aid, and the greatest recipient of foreign aid is

703
00:38:57,520 --> 00:39:00,279
Speaker 1: the Duvalier family. More than two thirds of the Tree's

704
00:39:00,320 --> 00:39:02,759
Speaker 1: development budget, which was about eighty one million dollars, came

705
00:39:02,800 --> 00:39:06,000
Speaker 1: from foreign governments, namely the US, Canada, West Germany, and

706
00:39:06,040 --> 00:39:12,160
Speaker 1: the United Kingdom. Um. And obviously this is incredibly, incredibly corrupt.

707
00:39:12,400 --> 00:39:14,640
Speaker 1: He's channeling a much of I m F money into

708
00:39:14,680 --> 00:39:17,880
Speaker 1: his his his accounts to there's constant like issues and

709
00:39:17,920 --> 00:39:20,600
Speaker 1: constant international anger over the fact that he's just stealing

710
00:39:20,640 --> 00:39:23,160
Speaker 1: all of this aid money that he gets, but nothing

711
00:39:23,280 --> 00:39:26,400
Speaker 1: is actually done about it. The term cleftocracy is actually

712
00:39:26,440 --> 00:39:29,279
Speaker 1: first coined by a Canadian government report on graft in

713
00:39:29,320 --> 00:39:32,880
Speaker 1: the Duvalier regime. That's where we get the word. The

714
00:39:32,960 --> 00:39:36,399
Speaker 1: whole government, including numerous state owned companies, existed as an

715
00:39:36,400 --> 00:39:39,920
Speaker 1: extension of the Duvalier family bank account now. One of

716
00:39:39,960 --> 00:39:41,960
Speaker 1: the chief movers of the Haitian economy was a guy

717
00:39:42,040 --> 00:39:45,319
Speaker 1: named Luckner Cambrone, who was the lover of baby Docs

718
00:39:45,400 --> 00:39:48,680
Speaker 1: mother Simone. He made a fortune exporting the literal blood

719
00:39:48,719 --> 00:39:52,240
Speaker 1: of Haitian citizens, often gathered by force by the Tonton mccoot.

720
00:39:52,560 --> 00:39:55,799
Speaker 1: The nation exported five tons of blood plasma per month

721
00:39:55,880 --> 00:39:58,479
Speaker 1: under Luckner. He bought it for five dollars a pint

722
00:39:58,520 --> 00:40:00,480
Speaker 1: and sold it for thirty five dollar to U S

723
00:40:00,520 --> 00:40:03,279
Speaker 1: firms like dal Chemical uh So, a bunch of US

724
00:40:03,320 --> 00:40:05,960
Speaker 1: companies profited off of the literal stolen blood of the

725
00:40:05,960 --> 00:40:08,759
Speaker 1: Haitian people. Sometimes they were paid, often people were just

726
00:40:08,800 --> 00:40:11,279
Speaker 1: paid to make sure there was access to blood. He

727
00:40:11,320 --> 00:40:15,160
Speaker 1: also sold cadaverous for medical research, literally selling the corpses

728
00:40:15,160 --> 00:40:18,960
Speaker 1: of his people because they've been robbed so thoroughly. Um

729
00:40:19,080 --> 00:40:21,719
Speaker 1: As his time in office, wore on Papa or baby Doc,

730
00:40:21,760 --> 00:40:24,759
Speaker 1: grew bolder. Uh he became more brutal. He eventually kicks

731
00:40:24,760 --> 00:40:27,239
Speaker 1: his mom out of power because he marries a woman

732
00:40:27,320 --> 00:40:29,640
Speaker 1: named Michelle, and she doesn't like his mom. There's a

733
00:40:29,680 --> 00:40:33,800
Speaker 1: whole thing, damn it. Michelle the First, the new first Lady,

734
00:40:33,840 --> 00:40:35,719
Speaker 1: hates that her husband's fat. She puts him on a

735
00:40:35,760 --> 00:40:38,920
Speaker 1: crash diet and threatened staff who feed him that by

736
00:40:38,960 --> 00:40:41,879
Speaker 1: saying that they'll wish they'd never been born. Killed your

737
00:40:41,920 --> 00:40:45,360
Speaker 1: mother in law and now your body shaming. Well, he

738
00:40:45,400 --> 00:40:48,120
Speaker 1: doesn't kill her, He just forces herd say yeah, yeah, yeah,

739
00:40:48,719 --> 00:40:52,880
Speaker 1: um yeah and uh so. By the start of Reagan's

740
00:40:52,880 --> 00:40:55,160
Speaker 1: second term, Haiti was and had been for some time,

741
00:40:55,200 --> 00:40:57,960
Speaker 1: the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere. The average life

742
00:40:57,960 --> 00:41:01,160
Speaker 1: expectancy was forty eight years old. For every teacher on

743
00:41:01,160 --> 00:41:03,200
Speaker 1: the government pay roll, there were a hundred and eighty

744
00:41:03,280 --> 00:41:06,880
Speaker 1: nine soldiers for every secondary school. There were thirty five prisons.

745
00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:09,719
Speaker 1: A majority of the population was food and secure, many

746
00:41:09,760 --> 00:41:12,920
Speaker 1: were starving. Clearing away the bodies of starved dead was

747
00:41:12,960 --> 00:41:16,280
Speaker 1: a regular task for city employees in the capital. Civil

748
00:41:16,320 --> 00:41:18,680
Speaker 1: rests began to burble up in nineteen eighty five, quickly

749
00:41:18,680 --> 00:41:21,200
Speaker 1: growing into a significant movement. The Catholic Church gets some

750
00:41:21,239 --> 00:41:23,719
Speaker 1: credit for this because the Pope actually gives a brief

751
00:41:23,719 --> 00:41:27,360
Speaker 1: speech where he critiques the government. Um liberation theology is

752
00:41:27,400 --> 00:41:28,600
Speaker 1: a part of this right. We see this in a

753
00:41:28,600 --> 00:41:30,320
Speaker 1: lot of the rest of Latin America. So it's a

754
00:41:30,400 --> 00:41:33,319
Speaker 1: number of things. And a student revolt breaks out and

755
00:41:33,400 --> 00:41:36,319
Speaker 1: students are initially shot dead by the Tanton mccoot, but

756
00:41:36,400 --> 00:41:39,799
Speaker 1: this leads to international condemnation and the US cuts off aid,

757
00:41:40,040 --> 00:41:42,359
Speaker 1: which is what kind of spell helps spell the end

758
00:41:42,360 --> 00:41:45,160
Speaker 1: of the regime because they're totally dependent on AID. On

759
00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:48,120
Speaker 1: the night of February five, nineteen eighty six, Baby Doc

760
00:41:48,200 --> 00:41:51,240
Speaker 1: flees the country. Before he leaves the palace, he orders

761
00:41:51,239 --> 00:41:53,200
Speaker 1: one of his voodoo sorcerers to lay a spell on

762
00:41:53,200 --> 00:41:55,719
Speaker 1: the presidential beds that the next occupant would die there.

763
00:41:56,080 --> 00:41:59,200
Speaker 1: A perhaps legendary story goes that the sorcerer called for

764
00:41:59,280 --> 00:42:02,400
Speaker 1: two unbapped as newborns to be sacrificed for the ritual.

765
00:42:02,680 --> 00:42:06,920
Speaker 1: The hospital charged four hundred dollars for the babies. Um Again,

766
00:42:07,080 --> 00:42:10,120
Speaker 1: whether or not this is true, it's definitely true. What's

767
00:42:10,160 --> 00:42:12,960
Speaker 1: definitely true is that two days after Baby Doc fled

768
00:42:13,080 --> 00:42:15,600
Speaker 1: they hitched a ride along with all of their cash, jewelry,

769
00:42:15,600 --> 00:42:18,719
Speaker 1: antiques and artwork from Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, courtesy of a

770
00:42:18,800 --> 00:42:22,160
Speaker 1: US Transport aircraft. We helped them flee to France where

771
00:42:22,160 --> 00:42:24,480
Speaker 1: they rent a villain near Cans from the Saudi arms

772
00:42:24,480 --> 00:42:29,479
Speaker 1: dealer at Non Kasho UM. So that's great. Uh. Now

773
00:42:29,960 --> 00:42:32,160
Speaker 1: the bad news is the really sad part of the

774
00:42:32,200 --> 00:42:35,960
Speaker 1: story is that Michelle and John Claude's marriage doesn't last UM.

775
00:42:35,960 --> 00:42:38,960
Speaker 1: A couple divorce in nine nine. He starts to run

776
00:42:39,000 --> 00:42:41,120
Speaker 1: out of money by two thousand three, and he was

777
00:42:41,160 --> 00:42:42,920
Speaker 1: said to be living with a mistress in a one

778
00:42:42,960 --> 00:42:47,680
Speaker 1: bedroom apartment in Paris by two thousand and three. UM.

779
00:42:47,760 --> 00:42:50,320
Speaker 1: In two thousand eleven, he returns to Haiti, claiming he

780
00:42:50,360 --> 00:42:53,640
Speaker 1: wants to help rebuild after an earthquake UM, but probably

781
00:42:53,680 --> 00:42:56,160
Speaker 1: just trying to get around Swiss banking regulations designed to

782
00:42:56,160 --> 00:42:59,120
Speaker 1: stop dictators from using money they'd stolen. He gets arrested,

783
00:42:59,360 --> 00:43:01,440
Speaker 1: but for whatever reason, he's kept in a hotel in

784
00:43:01,480 --> 00:43:03,600
Speaker 1: the mountains above Port of Prince rather than actually going

785
00:43:03,640 --> 00:43:05,520
Speaker 1: to prison, where he dies of a heart attack in

786
00:43:05,520 --> 00:43:09,200
Speaker 1: two thousand fourteen at the age of sixty three. So

787
00:43:10,239 --> 00:43:13,160
Speaker 1: Pap a dock and baby doc. That's the tail, not

788
00:43:13,320 --> 00:43:23,920
Speaker 1: at all. Yeah, that is harsh. Yeah, well I have

789
00:43:24,080 --> 00:43:28,400
Speaker 1: that that I feel that feeling of doling death that

790
00:43:28,520 --> 00:43:30,839
Speaker 1: you always feel at the end of these pods. Yeah,

791
00:43:30,920 --> 00:43:35,560
Speaker 1: that's our goal. That's the goal, the doling death. Yeah,

792
00:43:36,320 --> 00:43:41,920
Speaker 1: you can find me a proper pop dot com support

793
00:43:41,960 --> 00:43:45,879
Speaker 1: to the politics pod. Yes, also get get props. Book

794
00:43:46,080 --> 00:43:54,120
Speaker 1: is delightful and esthetically thank you. Yeah, get um and uh,

795
00:43:54,360 --> 00:43:59,959
Speaker 1: I don't know, get a get get get. Uh, don't

796
00:44:00,080 --> 00:44:04,200
Speaker 1: get a Haiti. Enough people have taken Haiti. Let them

797
00:44:04,239 --> 00:44:06,520
Speaker 1: just try to do something more. Yeah, I mean give

798
00:44:06,560 --> 00:44:10,520
Speaker 1: them I don't know, chance here aid and ship but

799
00:44:10,600 --> 00:44:12,959
Speaker 1: yeah whatever, I don't know. That didn't work out great either,

800
00:44:13,040 --> 00:44:15,960
Speaker 1: So whatever, I don't know what to do. Uh, don't

801
00:44:16,000 --> 00:44:23,839
Speaker 1: have fucked with Haiti for centuries. Yeah, lead them alone? Yeah. Um,

802
00:44:25,280 --> 00:44:27,360
Speaker 1: well that's the end of the episode. I have a

803
00:44:27,360 --> 00:44:29,319
Speaker 1: book you can find at a t r book dot

804
00:44:29,320 --> 00:44:31,719
Speaker 1: com and a podcast form and after the revolution, and

805
00:44:31,760 --> 00:44:34,800
Speaker 1: that's it. That's the end of the episode. Go home. Um,

806
00:44:35,160 --> 00:44:39,280
Speaker 1: kiss a cat or don't give your alertic to cats? Whatever,

807
00:44:39,400 --> 00:44:44,440
Speaker 1: kiss something. I don't care. Hey, everybody. Initially I was

808
00:44:44,480 --> 00:44:46,640
Speaker 1: going to plug the go fund me for the sequel

809
00:44:46,680 --> 00:44:49,399
Speaker 1: to my book, UM After the Revolution, which you can

810
00:44:49,400 --> 00:44:52,200
Speaker 1: find at a t r book dot com. But here

811
00:44:52,200 --> 00:44:55,520
Speaker 1: in the Pacific Northwest, we're having an unprecedented heat wave

812
00:44:55,640 --> 00:44:59,040
Speaker 1: and it's causing disastrous conditions, life threatening conditions for a

813
00:44:59,080 --> 00:45:02,960
Speaker 1: lot of houseless people, a lot of people without air conditioning. UM,

814
00:45:03,120 --> 00:45:06,360
Speaker 1: particularly in the city of Salem. UM activists everywhere have

815
00:45:06,440 --> 00:45:09,960
Speaker 1: been kind of gathering to try and um mitigate set

816
00:45:10,000 --> 00:45:12,640
Speaker 1: up cooling stations, hand out cold drinks, to do things

817
00:45:12,640 --> 00:45:14,920
Speaker 1: to help people get their temperature down. UM. I want

818
00:45:14,920 --> 00:45:18,560
Speaker 1: to try and raise funds for the Free Fridge of Salem, UM,

819
00:45:18,600 --> 00:45:22,279
Speaker 1: which are doing cooling stations in the capital of Oregon, Salem.

820
00:45:22,360 --> 00:45:25,160
Speaker 1: So if you go to venmo At Free Fridge Salem,

821
00:45:25,440 --> 00:45:28,200
Speaker 1: that's venmo At Free Fridge Salem, and send them a

822
00:45:28,200 --> 00:45:31,360
Speaker 1: couple of bucks, they could really use it. UM. Local

823
00:45:31,360 --> 00:45:34,720
Speaker 1: government has destroyed a number, like police particularly have destroyed

824
00:45:34,760 --> 00:45:38,000
Speaker 1: a number of water and cooling stations they've set out. UM.

825
00:45:38,040 --> 00:45:39,600
Speaker 1: It's you know, we're not going to be in triple

826
00:45:39,640 --> 00:45:42,120
Speaker 1: digit heats for the next couple of days after I'm

827
00:45:42,160 --> 00:45:44,640
Speaker 1: recording this on Monday, but it's still going to be

828
00:45:44,719 --> 00:45:47,560
Speaker 1: very hot people still need this, so please Venmo at

829
00:45:47,680 --> 00:45:51,279
Speaker 1: Free Fridge Salem if you have the wherewithal and the

830
00:45:51,320 --> 00:45:54,160
Speaker 1: financial resources to do so. One more time, the Venemo

831
00:45:54,400 --> 00:45:56,760
Speaker 1: is at Free Fridge Salem. Thanks