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Speaker 1: Hey, everybody out there in the Pacific Northwest or with

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Speaker 1: access to an airport or a car rental place that

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Speaker 1: can get you to the Pacific Northwest specifically at the

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Speaker 1: end of January. We'll see you in Seattle, Portland, and

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Speaker 1: San Francisco.

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Speaker 2: That's right to. Our new live show for twenty twenty

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Speaker 2: four is Seattle, Washington January twenty fourth at the Paramount Theater,

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Speaker 2: then Portland at our Homeway from Home at Revolution Hall

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Speaker 2: in the twenty fifth, and then winding it all up

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Speaker 2: at Sketchfest on the twenty six at the Sydney Goldstein Theater.

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Speaker 1: Very nice. If you want tickets, if you want information,

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Speaker 1: if you want tickets, you can go to a couple

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Speaker 1: of places. You can go to our link tree at

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Speaker 1: Linktree slash sysk, and you can go to our home

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Speaker 1: on the web, stuffishould Know dot com. Click on the

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Speaker 1: tour button and it'll take you to all of the

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Speaker 1: beautiful places you can go to buy your tickets and

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Speaker 1: we'll see you guys in January.

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Speaker 2: Welcome to Stuff you Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio.

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Speaker 1: Hey, and welcome to the Slowcast. I'm Josh, and there's

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Speaker 1: Chuck and Jerry's here too. We're just inch and along

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Speaker 1: doing things our own way, our own speed, our own time,

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Speaker 1: leaving a trail of mucus behind us as we do.

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Speaker 2: Wow. Inch and a long point five inches per second.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, it's like that. One guy said life is a highway.

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Speaker 1: I want to write it all night long, covering only

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Speaker 1: an inch.

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Speaker 2: Was that the parenthetical of that title?

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Speaker 1: Yeah, it was. It was you had to read between

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Speaker 1: the lines, Yeah, exactly what a great song?

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Speaker 2: Or play it backwards that song you think is great?

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Speaker 1: Yeah, I do, I do. If you take away all

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Speaker 1: the bit it's actually a great song. It's very upbeat

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Speaker 1: and enthusiastic and very this is a good song.

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Speaker 2: Who was that?

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Speaker 1: I don't remember. I think that might have been his

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Speaker 1: only song. Although now I've said that, I'm sure he's

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Speaker 1: a huge since in Canada or something, and now everybody's

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Speaker 1: gonna be mad at us.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, that happens a lot.

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Speaker 1: We'll find out. But anyway, whoever you are out there,

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Speaker 1: who made that song? For listening bretton cap off to you.

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Speaker 1: That's right, Chuck, I picked this one.

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Speaker 2: He's Canadian.

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Speaker 1: By the way, I knew it, dude, I know that

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Speaker 1: always happened. I don't know, I don't know what's.

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Speaker 2: His name, Tom Cochrane.

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Speaker 1: I wanted to say Tom, but I wanted to say

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Speaker 1: Tom Brocall and I was like, I'm not even going

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Speaker 1: to bring that up.

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Speaker 2: And you know what, he's in the Canadian Music Hall

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Speaker 2: of Fame.

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Speaker 1: Oh my god.

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Speaker 2: Oh M, so so much for that.

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Speaker 1: Okay, at any rate, hats off Tom Cochrane, I think,

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Speaker 1: is what I was trying to say. Right, So, we're

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Speaker 1: doing an episode on snails, which I'm kind of psyched about.

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Speaker 1: Our new good friend Allison helped us with this one,

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Speaker 1: and believe this is our second one. She's doing great.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, was this a listener recommendation?

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Speaker 1: No, this was a Josh recommendation.

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Speaker 2: Okay, I didn't know if this was. You know, we

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Speaker 2: did some stuff recently with kids in the classroom, like

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Speaker 2: little virtual appearance appearances for our book stuff kids should know,

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Speaker 2: uh huh. And I know we got a lot of

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Speaker 2: ideas and just for some reason, I thought snails might

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Speaker 2: have been one of those.

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Speaker 1: Not a single one of those kids came up with

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Speaker 1: the idea of snails. It was really sad.

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Speaker 2: Kids these days. I don't even know what snails are.

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Speaker 1: Snails that was was my pick. And I'm not sure

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Speaker 1: where it came from. I think I just pulled it

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Speaker 1: out of my head. But I'm glad I did, because

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Speaker 1: this is one of those things where, I mean, snails

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Speaker 1: are everywhere. Everyone knows what a snail is, like, it's

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Speaker 1: just a part of living on Earth. You know about snails.

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Speaker 1: And yet what Alison turned up and I wasn't aware

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Speaker 1: of when I selected this, there's actually a bit of

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Speaker 1: a dearth of information academic information on snails specifically, and

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Speaker 1: that a lot of what we think we know about

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Speaker 1: them is actually just like old yarns that gardeners have

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Speaker 1: come up with over the years. So I love topics

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Speaker 1: like that, And actually, from researching this, I've come to

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Speaker 1: actually really appreciate snails like I Actually I kind of

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Speaker 1: think they're cute now, just from watching them in some videos.

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Speaker 2: Well, I looked up a picture of the and we'll

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Speaker 2: talk about these in a little more detail later, but

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Speaker 2: that giant African snail, and there was one picture of

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Speaker 2: a woman holding one of these things. Yeah, and I

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Speaker 2: swear it looked like a bunny rabbit with a turtle shell.

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Speaker 1: Weird. No, I've not seen that picture.

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Speaker 2: It looked like a bunny I mean it's a snail. Clearly,

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Speaker 2: it didn't look that much like a bunny, right, I

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Speaker 2: wasn't like, what in the world.

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Speaker 1: Maybe it was eating a bunny? Is that what it was?

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Speaker 2: I don't think so, But you were right, Allison was

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Speaker 2: keen to point out that malacology, which is someone who

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Speaker 2: studies mollusks, it's just I guess there's just not a

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Speaker 2: ton of those people out there, so they're just tend

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Speaker 2: to be more people studying, you know, fi er, cuter

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Speaker 2: things than snails.

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Speaker 1: I guess, right exactly, And even if you do have

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Speaker 1: a lot of malacologists, they're studying mollusks, and snails just

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Speaker 1: make up part of one class of a larger phylum

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Speaker 1: of mollusca. They're part of Gastropoda. And it's not just

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Speaker 1: snails in Gastropoda. We're talking slugs, sea slugs, conks, whelks, limpets.

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Speaker 1: Basically all snail like creatures are in the Gastropoda class.

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Speaker 1: So they're gastropodes, yeah, or gastropods.

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Speaker 2: Okay, I didn't know how that was pronounced.

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Speaker 1: So it's gotta be gastropod, right.

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Speaker 2: I mean, I think it's gastropod. But would it be

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Speaker 2: gastropoda No here' is it one of those weird things

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Speaker 2: that just flips when you shorten it.

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Speaker 1: It's that second thing. Okay, great, so I said, Also, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: just living on Earth, you're aware of snails, and there's

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Speaker 1: a reason for that. They've been around for a really,

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Speaker 1: really long time. They are everywhere. And even if you're

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Speaker 1: walking around Antarctica and you look down on the ground,

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Speaker 1: you might see a snail waving up to you wearing

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Speaker 1: a parka.

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Speaker 2: Yeah. And even if you know snails, as we will

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Speaker 2: find out, love moisture, Even if you're in the desert,

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Speaker 2: even if you're in Arizona living there in Phoenix, you

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Speaker 2: might see a snail. Yeah, because there's still random water

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Speaker 2: here and there.

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Speaker 1: Yeah. Plus also some of them have evolved to like

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Speaker 1: really hang on to their water better than other times,

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Speaker 1: so they can survive in the desert. It's just nuts.

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Speaker 1: They're everywhere. As a matter of fact, they think that

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Speaker 1: they there's about one hundred and fifty thousand gastropod species

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Speaker 1: in total. Remember that includes slugs and all that stuff.

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Speaker 1: But they think snail species are between thirty thousand and

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Speaker 1: thirty five thousand, and I mean, you know, we think

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Speaker 1: of snails as typically like the little garden snail, maybe

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Speaker 1: the s car ghost snail. I think that's the Roman snail,

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Speaker 1: if I'm not mistaken, But there are all sorts of snails.

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Speaker 1: You mentioned the giant African land snail. Those things get

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Speaker 1: I saw that they get to be about the size

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Speaker 1: of a human fists or bigger. That's a big snail.

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Speaker 1: But on the other end, there's another type of snail

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Speaker 1: that they recently discovered and I think Vietnam and Cambodia

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Speaker 1: on the walls of caves, and they can fit inside

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Speaker 1: like a grain of sand, they're that small. But if

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Speaker 1: you look at them under a microscope, they are very

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Speaker 1: clearly snails.

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Speaker 2: Yeah. I saw about five hundred native species to North America,

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Speaker 2: and we're generally going to be talking about, you know,

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Speaker 2: sort of your average land snail, but there are snails

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Speaker 2: that live exclusively in the water under the sea. It

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Speaker 2: would you know, there's just no way we could talk

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Speaker 2: about all the snails, So we're going to mainly concentrate

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Speaker 2: on the kind that leave that mucasi trail on the sidewalk.

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Speaker 1: Right, Like, we could probably get through thirty four thousand

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Speaker 1: species today, but definitely not thirty five.

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Speaker 2: Thousand, that's right, So we're not getting dry.

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Speaker 1: Okay. So the other thing that's kind of like a

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Speaker 1: bummer about snail species is that as long as we've

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Speaker 1: been scientifically paying attention to snails, we've recorded more than

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Speaker 1: four hundred extinctions of snail species. And there's an atlantic

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Speaker 1: short documentary I think it's like twelve minutes long. I

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Speaker 1: think it's called Goodbye Snails, and it's set in Hawaii

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Speaker 1: where they're experiencing this crazy mass extinction of their native

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Speaker 1: snail species that exists nowhere else in the world. And

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Speaker 1: it's a really kind of a tense little documentary. But

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Speaker 1: the people who are trying to rescue these snail species

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Speaker 1: and prevent them from extinction are really doing some amazing

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Speaker 1: work over there.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, there's about a thousand of them that are lands

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Speaker 2: now alone that are endangered right now. So that's that's

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Speaker 2: a lot of species to be in trouble. So that's

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Speaker 2: that's no good because as we will see, they can

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Speaker 2: there can be invasive snails, and they can do some

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Speaker 2: harm to the garden, but they also do a lot

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Speaker 2: of great things for your garden and for the world.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, leave the snails alone.

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Speaker 2: You read them, I have.

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Speaker 1: Like once or twice. I'm not crazy about them, No,

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Speaker 1: they're not. I'm not an S cargo fan. I'm a

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Speaker 1: fan of the s cargo joke though.

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Speaker 2: Right, which is look at that S cargo?

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Speaker 1: Is that what it was? What a snail painted an

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Speaker 1: ass on the side of his car?

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Speaker 2: That's right, that's a great elementary school kid joke.

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Speaker 1: Yep, that's wonderful. I was.

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Speaker 2: Trying to remember if I've ever I feel like I

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Speaker 2: might have tried it one time, many many many years ago,

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Speaker 2: because I do remember seeing snails floating in a buttery

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Speaker 2: solution on a plate.

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Speaker 1: M hm.

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Speaker 2: And I think that was a little tiny.

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Speaker 1: Tong yeah, that's involved.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, but I really had a very very faint memory.

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Speaker 2: So if I did try it, I don't know under

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Speaker 2: what circumstance it was, but it was a long time ago,

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Speaker 2: and it's not something i'd really be into now.

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Speaker 1: They even have like a specialized plate for serving them,

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Speaker 1: and it basically doubles as like a doubled egg serving

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Speaker 1: plate too. It's like, you know, got a bunch of

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Speaker 1: depressions in it that the snails sit in.

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Speaker 2: Right, I'd rather have a double legg You can also

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Speaker 2: eat snail eggs. They call it white caviar. Oh yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 2: it's a thing. There's a I think it's like one

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Speaker 2: hundred and thirty bucks for about one point seventy five ounces.

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Speaker 1: Wow. Wow, well that's a lot of snail eggs now

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Speaker 1: that I think about it.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, it seems like it. I mean, it looks like

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Speaker 2: it comes a little ten like caviar. But although I

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Speaker 2: do love caviar, now I don't think I would try

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Speaker 2: snail caviar.

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Speaker 1: Okay, I'll accept that answer.

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Speaker 2: And I know I've talked about a new wish to

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Speaker 2: caviare just the past couple of years. So was it

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Speaker 2: something I ever had until semi recently?

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Speaker 1: But now you have it at dinner every night.

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Speaker 2: Just you've heard an avocado toast every morning. I just

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Speaker 2: have caviar toast. Cut it all over the biggest piece

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Speaker 2: of sour dough I can.

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Speaker 1: With gold flakes on top.

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Speaker 2: All right, Should we talk about the body of a snail?

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Speaker 1: Yeah? I feel like we kind of have to because

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Speaker 1: there's a lot of misconceptions people have about snails, including me,

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Speaker 1: as far as their body goes.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean, we can talk about their shell for

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Speaker 2: a little bit. They have that well, we'll talk about

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Speaker 2: the shell kind of threw out. It's obviously a protective device.

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Speaker 2: Snail can pull themselves back into that shell, and they

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Speaker 2: can actually put a little I think it's called an epigram,

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Speaker 2: and that is like a it's like a front door,

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Speaker 2: basically a temporary front door that they can put on

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Speaker 2: the whole of that shell. So if you ever pick

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Speaker 2: up a snail shell and it's covered with something, that

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Speaker 2: is a temporary front door that a snail uses to

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Speaker 2: keep people like you from poking around into that snail shell.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, and I saw that some of them have denticles

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Speaker 1: on their like sharp kind of tooth like projections, so

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Speaker 1: that if a predator tries to come in there after them,

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Speaker 1: they'll get all torn up. Oh.

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Speaker 2: On the epigram, yeah.

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Speaker 1: It's like those reverse tire damage things that like a

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Speaker 1: car rental parking lot. It's like that.

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Speaker 2: From what I understand, that's pretty cool. And it also

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Speaker 2: keeps some moist because what a snail does not want

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Speaker 2: to do is dry out, because once again, a snail

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Speaker 2: is basically a slug with a helmet on.

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Speaker 1: Right, So I'd like to talk a little bit about

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Speaker 1: the misconceptions of how the snail body is arranged. If

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Speaker 1: we can, let's do it. Inside that shell is the

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Speaker 1: actual body of the snail. What we see as the

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Speaker 1: head in the in the tail is actually the head, true.

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Speaker 1: But what looks like the tail is actually like the

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Speaker 1: heel of its foot. That's what it's moving around on.

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Speaker 1: Is its foot, right, it sing exactly, And so above

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Speaker 1: on top of that foot is the whole body and

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Speaker 1: all that is encased in the shell. And what's weird

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Speaker 1: is there's one opening that the what do you say

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Speaker 1: covers the opening.

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Speaker 2: The I think it's called an epigram. Okay, I'm sorry,

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Speaker 2: I've been saying epigram, epiphram, epi.

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Speaker 1: Okay, gotcha. So what the epifram covers is called the aperture.

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Speaker 1: And on land snails there's one aperture. There's one way in,

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Speaker 1: one way out. And because all of their body is

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Speaker 1: tucked up in the shell, they still got to poop,

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Speaker 1: they've still got to breathe, they still have to do

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Speaker 1: all the stuff that requires the outside atmosphere. And so

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Speaker 1: what they've done is they've figured out how to double

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Speaker 1: their bodies around so that their head and their including

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Speaker 1: their anus are basically right next to one another at

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Speaker 1: the aperture at the opening of their show.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, kind of like on top of their head. And

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Speaker 2: this is something called torsion, which means to twist. You know,

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Speaker 2: if you've heard of something, you've heard of torsion before. Probably.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, Chubby Checker was going to call his dance the torsion,

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Speaker 1: and he's like, this doesn't have the right ring. Let's

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Speaker 1: do the torsion, right. A traveler from the future came

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Speaker 1: back in time and told him, no, we should call

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Speaker 1: this the twist. Rocked out the high school dance and

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Speaker 1: that was history.

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Speaker 2: That's pretty good. Did you think of that one beforehand?

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Speaker 1: No? No, okay, no I didn't. I've just gotten that

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Speaker 1: good this late in the year.

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Speaker 2: I love it.

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Speaker 1: So. Yeah.

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Speaker 2: That body basically doubles back one hundred and eighty degrees

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Speaker 2: on top of itself. And there's a lot of debate.

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Speaker 2: I mean, should we get into that, like the great

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Speaker 2: torsion debate.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, we can at least touch on it. Sure, it's

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Speaker 1: almost impenetrable if you're not a malacologist.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I would say so. So as far as when

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Speaker 2: torsion emerged, they're not exactly sure, because you can't tell

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Speaker 2: from like a fossil whether or not a you know,

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Speaker 2: you can find a fossil of a shell, but the

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Speaker 2: torsion is happening within the shell, so you can't really

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Speaker 2: tell if it's been torsioned. Is that even a verb?

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Speaker 1: I don't know torted, I was gonna say torted. I

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Speaker 1: didn't look it up, though, so I think tort it's right,

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Speaker 1: let's say torted.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I think it's torted. So you can't really tell

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Speaker 2: if it's been torted by looking at a fossil. And

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Speaker 2: so there's just been a lot of debate, like obviously

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Speaker 2: this happened for a reason, no one knows exactly what

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Speaker 2: that was. And like you mentioned at the beginning, some

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Speaker 2: of the sort of old farmer's tales. One of those

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Speaker 2: is you might hear some gardening people say, oh, well,

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Speaker 2: actually they're asymmetry inside that shell provides balance, and that's

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Speaker 2: it's not true.

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Speaker 1: No, no, that's definitely not There's also one that back

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Speaker 1: in the day when they were all marine animals, because

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Speaker 1: land snails evolve from marine aquatic snails, that it was

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Speaker 1: a way to keep their their hind quarters, their tails,

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Speaker 1: all that stuff from being bitten by a predator.

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Speaker 2: Probably it does make.

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Speaker 1: Sense, it's probably not it what the two biggest competing

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Speaker 1: hypothesis are the rotation hypothesis and the asymmetrical hypothesis. And

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Speaker 1: the rotational hypothesis the one that's been around since like

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Speaker 1: nineteen twenty nine, and it basically says that at some

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Speaker 1: point in the past, the the snail, some snail mutant

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Speaker 1: came along and twisted around during its development and it

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Speaker 1: became naturally selected because it was advantageous because it allowed

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Speaker 1: the snail to retract its head faster, whereas before it

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Speaker 1: would have had to retract the tail and then the head.

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Speaker 1: Now it can retract the head because it's all it

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Speaker 1: had to retract.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, but that was just like a spontaneous thing, right.

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Speaker 1: That's that's what they think. But it's just such a

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Speaker 1: bizarre thing to have happen, especially in a single mutation,

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Speaker 1: because again, what we're talking about is during the larval

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Speaker 1: development a snail's body, it count it moves counterclockwise to

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Speaker 1: one hundred and eighty degrees, and so its circulatory and

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Speaker 1: nervous system forms a Figure eight inside the shell. It's

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Speaker 1: not all just packed in there straight. It's all over

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Speaker 1: the place, and because of that weird torsion thing, the

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00:17:36,080 --> 00:17:39,640
Speaker 1: entire right side of its anatomy, including its organs, are

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Speaker 1: just not there. It's all left side organ stuff. It

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Speaker 1: all just got moved over toward the inside of the

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Speaker 1: shell because the right side is pressed up against the

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Speaker 1: shell itself, and it's all because of torsion. And they

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Speaker 1: just cannot figure out why that would have happened in

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Speaker 1: the past. And clearly it could have happened as a

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Speaker 1: as a like a mutation, and that obviously did, but

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Speaker 1: why would it have been naturally selected for for hundreds

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Speaker 1: of millions of years, which strongly implies that it was

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Speaker 1: like an advantageous mutation.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, I would think so, right.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, So that's kind of like this debate that's going

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Speaker 1: on that that is, I mean, you really have to

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00:18:17,280 --> 00:18:21,359
Speaker 1: understand snail anatomy and evolutionary history to go much further

348
00:18:21,640 --> 00:18:24,560
Speaker 1: in understanding that debate. That's pretty much what I could

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Speaker 1: glean from the whole thing.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, And I would say hesitate even getting into that debate.

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Speaker 2: If you've had a couple of drinks at the bar

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00:18:32,359 --> 00:18:34,399
Speaker 2: and you're feeling a little squarely and you want to

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Speaker 2: dive into this hot conversation.

354
00:18:36,440 --> 00:18:38,520
Speaker 1: Yeah, I would stare clear, just take a.

355
00:18:38,480 --> 00:18:41,000
Speaker 2: Break and have another drink and just relax.

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Speaker 1: Yeah, or maybe it's time for you to go home.

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Speaker 2: Right, Yeah, get a car to take you home or

358
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Speaker 2: walk or whatever.

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Speaker 1: Yeah. So that's snails tort and we're not sure exactly why,

360
00:18:54,160 --> 00:18:56,119
Speaker 1: but what we do know the upshot of it is

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Speaker 1: that their body is double back on itself and there

362
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Speaker 1: there ain't and their head are essentially right next to each.

363
00:19:03,320 --> 00:19:08,280
Speaker 2: Other, yes, exactly. They also have a mouth and inside

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00:19:08,280 --> 00:19:12,560
Speaker 2: that mouth is something called a radula. It has teeth

365
00:19:12,560 --> 00:19:14,320
Speaker 2: on it and it's like it's kind of like a tongue,

366
00:19:15,160 --> 00:19:18,000
Speaker 2: and they have you know, if you look at a

367
00:19:18,040 --> 00:19:20,840
Speaker 2: snail and they turn those two little tentacles to look

368
00:19:20,880 --> 00:19:25,040
Speaker 2: back at you, that's because they have eyes mounted on

369
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Speaker 2: either one or two pairs of tentacles, and they can

370
00:19:28,920 --> 00:19:31,360
Speaker 2: look at you. They can't hear you, they don't have ears.

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00:19:32,080 --> 00:19:35,920
Speaker 2: From what I saw, snails are basically deaf. But they

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00:19:35,960 --> 00:19:37,560
Speaker 2: can see you.

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Speaker 1: They can see you, and depending on the species, there's

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Speaker 1: different types of eyes. Some have very simple eyes where

375
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Speaker 1: they can detect changes in light and dark or maybe

376
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Speaker 1: maybe movement. But there's some kinds I think that have

377
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Speaker 1: the ability to see you, to focus on you. And

378
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Speaker 1: because they're on the ends of those stalks, they can

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00:19:58,520 --> 00:20:01,760
Speaker 1: retract the eye themselves in the stalk, and then the

380
00:20:01,800 --> 00:20:04,679
Speaker 1: stalk into the head, and then the head into the shell.

381
00:20:05,240 --> 00:20:07,120
Speaker 1: And then when they want to see if danger's gone,

382
00:20:07,119 --> 00:20:10,000
Speaker 1: they can peak one of those stalks out from the shell.

383
00:20:10,160 --> 00:20:11,760
Speaker 1: Look around. Isn't that cool?

384
00:20:12,320 --> 00:20:13,000
Speaker 2: That's pretty cool?

385
00:20:13,080 --> 00:20:13,760
Speaker 1: Yeah?

386
00:20:13,800 --> 00:20:15,879
Speaker 2: I love it. And there's also the mantle, and the

387
00:20:15,880 --> 00:20:17,640
Speaker 2: mantle will come up quite a bit. And the best

388
00:20:17,720 --> 00:20:21,000
Speaker 2: I could figure is that mantle is that area around

389
00:20:21,040 --> 00:20:23,800
Speaker 2: the rim of the shell that connects the foot in

390
00:20:23,840 --> 00:20:25,560
Speaker 2: the head to the shell itself, right.

391
00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:29,720
Speaker 1: Yeah, And it's also whatever holds all of our organs

392
00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:34,000
Speaker 1: and guts in place. That membrane is very analogous to

393
00:20:34,680 --> 00:20:38,439
Speaker 1: the mantle tissue of the snail because it holds all

394
00:20:38,480 --> 00:20:41,240
Speaker 1: the organs in place. But it also does something really important.

395
00:20:41,480 --> 00:20:44,280
Speaker 1: It secretes all of the stuff that eventually is built

396
00:20:44,280 --> 00:20:45,720
Speaker 1: into the shell itself.

397
00:20:46,480 --> 00:20:46,920
Speaker 2: That's right.

398
00:20:47,560 --> 00:20:50,840
Speaker 1: So are we at the shell partner? You think.

399
00:20:52,119 --> 00:20:54,080
Speaker 2: You know what? This is a good We're twenty minutes in.

400
00:20:54,240 --> 00:20:56,040
Speaker 2: I think we should take a break, Yeah, because that

401
00:20:56,080 --> 00:20:59,600
Speaker 2: shell formation is quite a cliffhanger. Okay, and we'll be

402
00:21:00,160 --> 00:21:27,240
Speaker 2: back after this, all right, So we promised to talk

403
00:21:27,280 --> 00:21:29,719
Speaker 2: to you a little bit about the shell. A snail

404
00:21:29,760 --> 00:21:35,800
Speaker 2: shell is beautiful. You should never ever ever smash a

405
00:21:36,040 --> 00:21:40,040
Speaker 2: snail shell or a snail because that's animal cruelty and

406
00:21:40,119 --> 00:21:42,320
Speaker 2: it's a terrible thing to do, so just don't do it. Right,

407
00:21:43,480 --> 00:21:45,879
Speaker 2: But it is basically there's a little bit of protein

408
00:21:45,920 --> 00:21:49,600
Speaker 2: in there, but it's mainly something called calcium carbonate, and

409
00:21:49,680 --> 00:21:53,119
Speaker 2: it is, like you said earlier, secreted by that mantle tissue,

410
00:21:54,160 --> 00:21:57,680
Speaker 2: and it builds up over time. It's if you look

411
00:21:57,720 --> 00:21:59,840
Speaker 2: at sort of the center part of that shell, that's

412
00:21:59,880 --> 00:22:02,639
Speaker 2: the oldest part of the shell. You can tell a

413
00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:05,240
Speaker 2: snail's age by how big that shell is. And that's

414
00:22:05,280 --> 00:22:07,639
Speaker 2: also the hardest part of the shell because it's been

415
00:22:07,680 --> 00:22:10,919
Speaker 2: around longer. So they just keep adding material along that

416
00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:15,399
Speaker 2: outer edge little by little as it expands outward. And

417
00:22:15,440 --> 00:22:18,119
Speaker 2: that is why a like the outer edge of a

418
00:22:18,160 --> 00:22:20,840
Speaker 2: snail shell will be much more you know, sort of

419
00:22:21,119 --> 00:22:23,000
Speaker 2: breakable than the inside harder part.

420
00:22:23,280 --> 00:22:26,560
Speaker 1: That makes sense. So the oldest part is the closest

421
00:22:26,600 --> 00:22:30,040
Speaker 1: to the to the center. Yeah, apparently also, I didn't

422
00:22:30,040 --> 00:22:34,200
Speaker 1: realize this they're born with a tiny shell already attached.

423
00:22:34,600 --> 00:22:37,160
Speaker 1: They just grow it over time by secrete starter starter

424
00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:40,119
Speaker 1: shell exactly, and then you yeah, they're born like little

425
00:22:40,160 --> 00:22:45,920
Speaker 1: tiny baby snails like that preformationism theory from our things

426
00:22:45,920 --> 00:22:48,640
Speaker 1: we used to believe before the Scientific Method episode.

427
00:22:49,080 --> 00:22:49,520
Speaker 2: That's right.

428
00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:53,080
Speaker 1: So I also said, Chuck, the mantle holds the mantle

429
00:22:53,080 --> 00:22:56,280
Speaker 1: tissue holds all the the important guts and stuff like

430
00:22:56,320 --> 00:23:00,880
Speaker 1: that in place. And the way that snails breathe is

431
00:23:01,040 --> 00:23:04,160
Speaker 1: through the mantle cavity. They have blood vessels in there,

432
00:23:04,520 --> 00:23:08,920
Speaker 1: but they breathe using kind of like a primitive I

433
00:23:08,960 --> 00:23:10,600
Speaker 1: don't want to say long. I think that's kind of

434
00:23:10,640 --> 00:23:13,720
Speaker 1: a stretch, but basically, they have an opening that it's.

435
00:23:13,560 --> 00:23:15,760
Speaker 2: Called a lung. I've seen it called the lung in diagrams.

436
00:23:15,840 --> 00:23:20,479
Speaker 1: Okay, so I've also seen it called a numistome, and

437
00:23:20,520 --> 00:23:22,919
Speaker 1: it's essentially a breathing port that they can open and

438
00:23:22,960 --> 00:23:27,760
Speaker 1: close using their muscles that takes in air and exhales air.

439
00:23:27,800 --> 00:23:30,240
Speaker 1: But it's pretty neat, and it's right there next to

440
00:23:30,280 --> 00:23:32,960
Speaker 1: their head, right there at the aperture where everything else

441
00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:34,280
Speaker 1: that needs to be outside is.

442
00:23:35,280 --> 00:23:38,840
Speaker 2: Yeah, and they can. If you're talking about sea snails.

443
00:23:39,200 --> 00:23:40,800
Speaker 2: Like I said, we're not going to get two into them,

444
00:23:40,840 --> 00:23:44,240
Speaker 2: but they can have similar body parts in terms of breathing,

445
00:23:44,359 --> 00:23:47,440
Speaker 2: or they can also have gills kind of upfront as well.

446
00:23:47,560 --> 00:23:50,560
Speaker 1: Yeah. So one of the things snails are most famous

447
00:23:50,560 --> 00:23:56,440
Speaker 1: for is there mucus, right, Yeah, that is apparently secreted

448
00:23:56,480 --> 00:23:58,960
Speaker 1: by the foot, and as the foot moves along, it's

449
00:23:58,960 --> 00:24:01,600
Speaker 1: just a series of muscles that just kind of propel

450
00:24:01,920 --> 00:24:05,720
Speaker 1: as they ripple, propel the snail along, but they lay

451
00:24:05,760 --> 00:24:08,320
Speaker 1: down a trail of mucus that does a lot of

452
00:24:08,359 --> 00:24:11,520
Speaker 1: different things. For one, it allows the snail to do

453
00:24:11,600 --> 00:24:15,439
Speaker 1: some Spider man esque moves, like just crawl right up

454
00:24:15,480 --> 00:24:18,880
Speaker 1: the side of a building because it's very strong.

455
00:24:18,960 --> 00:24:21,800
Speaker 2: It's glue like, yeah, but it can be it's funny

456
00:24:21,800 --> 00:24:23,680
Speaker 2: because it can be glue like or act as a

457
00:24:23,760 --> 00:24:26,520
Speaker 2: lubricant exactly, which is pretty remarkable.

458
00:24:26,600 --> 00:24:30,640
Speaker 1: Yeah. So yeah, it also separates the snail from the

459
00:24:30,680 --> 00:24:34,119
Speaker 1: rest of the world that it's running over. You know,

460
00:24:34,359 --> 00:24:37,520
Speaker 1: it's strong like glue, but it also allows the snail

461
00:24:37,560 --> 00:24:40,639
Speaker 1: to move smoothly, and it also protects the snail's body

462
00:24:40,760 --> 00:24:44,960
Speaker 1: from sharp things that it might be crawling over slowly

463
00:24:45,240 --> 00:24:50,240
Speaker 1: crawling over. And it also keeps the moisture locked inside.

464
00:24:50,600 --> 00:24:53,159
Speaker 1: So much so that snail mucin, as we'll see, has

465
00:24:53,200 --> 00:24:56,280
Speaker 1: been used for millennia as like kind of a skin thing.

466
00:24:56,800 --> 00:24:59,280
Speaker 1: If you have very dry skin and you can get

467
00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:03,320
Speaker 1: your hands on sna mucan or mucus, it will cure

468
00:25:03,359 --> 00:25:04,000
Speaker 1: your dry skin.

469
00:25:05,200 --> 00:25:08,480
Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean that's what keeps the I mean that

470
00:25:08,600 --> 00:25:11,080
Speaker 2: and other things is what keeps that snail moist So

471
00:25:11,640 --> 00:25:14,639
Speaker 2: if it's if it's keeping the snail alive, then imagine

472
00:25:14,680 --> 00:25:18,560
Speaker 2: what it can do for your crow's feet exactly. I

473
00:25:18,600 --> 00:25:23,560
Speaker 2: don't think we said what was actually made of. It's enzymes, peptides, proteins,

474
00:25:24,880 --> 00:25:30,080
Speaker 2: trace minerals, and it's it's pretty remarkable stuff. It's you know,

475
00:25:30,359 --> 00:25:32,119
Speaker 2: the tailtale sign is when you see that stuff on

476
00:25:32,160 --> 00:25:36,000
Speaker 2: the sidewalk, and just the term snail trail itself, that

477
00:25:36,080 --> 00:25:40,960
Speaker 2: sort of snotty, glistening, shiny snail trail is you know,

478
00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:44,439
Speaker 2: it's become sort of part of the lexicon to you know,

479
00:25:44,520 --> 00:25:46,960
Speaker 2: as a stand in for other things at times.

480
00:25:47,280 --> 00:25:50,480
Speaker 1: So yeah, for sure. So one of the other things

481
00:25:50,520 --> 00:25:55,000
Speaker 1: that the snail trail, the mucous trail does is it says, hey,

482
00:25:55,440 --> 00:25:59,400
Speaker 1: sailor come come this way. Right, because it's one way

483
00:25:59,400 --> 00:26:03,240
Speaker 1: that snails find one another to mate, which is surprising

484
00:26:03,280 --> 00:26:06,560
Speaker 1: that they mate because they're hermaphroditic. They both all snails

485
00:26:06,680 --> 00:26:09,840
Speaker 1: or most species of land snails are equipped with both

486
00:26:09,840 --> 00:26:14,320
Speaker 1: male and female sex organs, and when they come together

487
00:26:14,400 --> 00:26:18,359
Speaker 1: to mate, it's there's no telling who's who or who's

488
00:26:18,400 --> 00:26:20,440
Speaker 1: doing what, because in the end both of them often

489
00:26:20,480 --> 00:26:22,640
Speaker 1: come away with fertilized eggs.

490
00:26:23,640 --> 00:26:28,000
Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean, to me, this section is the most

491
00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:32,720
Speaker 2: remarkable stuff about snails. How they reproduce is just amazing.

492
00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:37,439
Speaker 2: They are hermaphroditic because and it just makes sense if

493
00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:40,800
Speaker 2: you're moving point five inches per second, you would die

494
00:26:40,840 --> 00:26:44,280
Speaker 2: out as a species if you if like a male

495
00:26:44,359 --> 00:26:46,399
Speaker 2: had to search for a female or the other way around.

496
00:26:47,320 --> 00:26:51,120
Speaker 2: So they basically just double their chances of finding somebody

497
00:26:51,200 --> 00:26:54,080
Speaker 2: within the you know, ten feet or so that they're

498
00:26:54,240 --> 00:26:57,480
Speaker 2: they're wandering around. I mean, they move more than that

499
00:26:57,520 --> 00:27:00,159
Speaker 2: within a lifetime obviously, but you know, if it's that

500
00:27:00,200 --> 00:27:01,560
Speaker 2: time of year, which is what like.

501
00:27:01,520 --> 00:27:04,240
Speaker 1: Autumn, sure, autumn and spring.

502
00:27:05,200 --> 00:27:09,240
Speaker 2: Autumn and spring, they're gonna wander around, They're gonna find

503
00:27:09,400 --> 00:27:13,439
Speaker 2: another snail. They're gonna dance around each other and that

504
00:27:13,560 --> 00:27:17,880
Speaker 2: just means very slowly circle each other. For I saw

505
00:27:18,119 --> 00:27:21,440
Speaker 2: four to six hours. I saw. The whole thing can

506
00:27:21,480 --> 00:27:25,040
Speaker 2: take up to twelve hours. It's a very obviously as

507
00:27:25,040 --> 00:27:26,840
Speaker 2: you would imagine, a very slow process.

508
00:27:26,960 --> 00:27:30,080
Speaker 1: It is slow, but it's really involved, like they are

509
00:27:30,200 --> 00:27:33,119
Speaker 1: really into it while they're they're going at it.

510
00:27:33,800 --> 00:27:36,200
Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean they're they're and this is before they're

511
00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:37,760
Speaker 2: going at it. This is when they're just sort of

512
00:27:37,800 --> 00:27:40,520
Speaker 2: like sizing each other up. They're getting their steam, they're

513
00:27:40,880 --> 00:27:45,280
Speaker 2: touching tentacles, they're biting each other's lips. Things are getting

514
00:27:46,080 --> 00:27:49,160
Speaker 2: really pretty hot and heavy in there, and then they

515
00:27:49,200 --> 00:27:52,760
Speaker 2: have something that is amazing, And I don't know if

516
00:27:52,840 --> 00:27:56,080
Speaker 2: any other animal that has something like this. They have

517
00:27:56,119 --> 00:27:58,680
Speaker 2: something called a love what they call a love dart.

518
00:28:00,119 --> 00:28:02,919
Speaker 2: Love dart only forms after the first mating, so you

519
00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:05,600
Speaker 2: have to have at least a little bit of sexual

520
00:28:05,640 --> 00:28:09,400
Speaker 2: experience to even form a love dart. Sure, they take

521
00:28:09,400 --> 00:28:11,439
Speaker 2: about a week to form, and you don't always have

522
00:28:11,520 --> 00:28:15,200
Speaker 2: to have one to mate, because if you've used up

523
00:28:15,560 --> 00:28:18,600
Speaker 2: your love dart and then you know within the week

524
00:28:18,640 --> 00:28:21,160
Speaker 2: you want to go at it again, you can still

525
00:28:21,160 --> 00:28:24,520
Speaker 2: do that. It's not necessary for reproduction, but it helps

526
00:28:24,520 --> 00:28:28,520
Speaker 2: in reproduction. They form in the dart sack and is

527
00:28:28,760 --> 00:28:31,280
Speaker 2: stored in a dart sack, and if you look at it,

528
00:28:31,280 --> 00:28:33,440
Speaker 2: it's a little it is a little dart. It's got

529
00:28:33,440 --> 00:28:37,639
Speaker 2: this little sharp harpoon like tip and they actually it

530
00:28:37,720 --> 00:28:41,040
Speaker 2: says they shoot it, but it doesn't like fly through

531
00:28:41,040 --> 00:28:43,440
Speaker 2: the air. It's more like a They stab one another

532
00:28:43,440 --> 00:28:43,719
Speaker 2: with it.

533
00:28:43,800 --> 00:28:47,080
Speaker 1: Oh, I imagine it like ew and then just sailing

534
00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:48,960
Speaker 1: a couple feet and then spraying.

535
00:28:49,680 --> 00:28:51,800
Speaker 2: That would be great. It's more like it's stabbing. But

536
00:28:52,200 --> 00:28:56,480
Speaker 2: apparently it's very imprecise. This hydraulic pressure builds up as

537
00:28:56,520 --> 00:28:59,000
Speaker 2: they circle and bite each other's lips, and then they

538
00:28:59,000 --> 00:29:02,200
Speaker 2: shoot this thing out each other and it can I

539
00:29:02,200 --> 00:29:04,000
Speaker 2: think about a third of the time. It doesn't even

540
00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:06,000
Speaker 2: do what it's intended to do, which we'll get to

541
00:29:06,040 --> 00:29:08,800
Speaker 2: in a sect, but it can pierce organs. It can

542
00:29:08,840 --> 00:29:11,080
Speaker 2: go all the way through the head and out the

543
00:29:11,080 --> 00:29:16,840
Speaker 2: other side. So it's it's really crazy. It's a weird adaptation.

544
00:29:17,360 --> 00:29:20,440
Speaker 1: Yeah, no, it's super weird. And the I think what's

545
00:29:20,840 --> 00:29:23,360
Speaker 1: most weird about it to me is there's other animals

546
00:29:23,400 --> 00:29:26,760
Speaker 1: that do that to deliver sperm. That's not what the

547
00:29:26,800 --> 00:29:30,960
Speaker 1: snails are doing. These love darts deliver other hormones that

548
00:29:31,160 --> 00:29:34,600
Speaker 1: help protect the sperm as it makes its way to

549
00:29:34,640 --> 00:29:40,080
Speaker 1: the eggs to fertilize. It's like a really clumsy, superfluous

550
00:29:40,360 --> 00:29:44,040
Speaker 1: extra step that, like you said, doesn't even like they

551
00:29:44,200 --> 00:29:46,000
Speaker 1: miss a lot of the time. They still manage to

552
00:29:46,040 --> 00:29:48,760
Speaker 1: fertilize eggs. It's just a very strange thing that they do.

553
00:29:48,840 --> 00:29:54,760
Speaker 1: But it's part of this really long, really slimy courtship

554
00:29:54,880 --> 00:29:58,840
Speaker 1: mating process that they get involved in. And then the

555
00:29:59,280 --> 00:30:03,120
Speaker 1: sex itsel is like just one rubs its foot against

556
00:30:03,120 --> 00:30:04,160
Speaker 1: the other foot and there you.

557
00:30:04,120 --> 00:30:08,560
Speaker 2: Go, right, and they say who's pregnant which and they go,

558
00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:10,160
Speaker 2: I don't know, Yeah, maybe both of us.

559
00:30:10,120 --> 00:30:11,080
Speaker 1: Yeah, both of us?

560
00:30:11,520 --> 00:30:12,480
Speaker 2: Actually can it be both?

561
00:30:12,560 --> 00:30:14,680
Speaker 1: Yeah, that's what I'm saying, that both both can walk

562
00:30:14,720 --> 00:30:16,440
Speaker 1: away with fertilized eggs after this.

563
00:30:17,560 --> 00:30:20,400
Speaker 2: Yeah, and they can lay. I think they can hatch

564
00:30:20,600 --> 00:30:24,880
Speaker 2: up to four hundred and fifty eggs per year and

565
00:30:25,080 --> 00:30:27,800
Speaker 2: when and that doesn't take very long actually, right in

566
00:30:27,840 --> 00:30:30,320
Speaker 2: the gestation period it can be like really short.

567
00:30:30,400 --> 00:30:33,440
Speaker 1: Right for some species, especially in captivity, it can be

568
00:30:33,560 --> 00:30:36,600
Speaker 1: twenty four hours. Others it seems like the outside is

569
00:30:36,640 --> 00:30:38,600
Speaker 1: four weeks and usually in the while it's like two

570
00:30:38,600 --> 00:30:39,920
Speaker 1: to four weeks for gestation.

571
00:30:40,960 --> 00:30:44,520
Speaker 2: Yeah, and once those little guys are born, they may

572
00:30:44,560 --> 00:30:46,800
Speaker 2: immediately start eating the rest of the eggs as their

573
00:30:46,800 --> 00:30:47,320
Speaker 2: first meal.

574
00:30:47,840 --> 00:30:50,600
Speaker 1: Yeah, it's kind of a bummer, especially because leading up

575
00:30:50,600 --> 00:30:52,680
Speaker 1: to it, it's so cute, this little tiny snail with

576
00:30:52,720 --> 00:30:55,240
Speaker 1: its little tiny shells inside its egg and it starts

577
00:30:55,240 --> 00:30:58,560
Speaker 1: tapping its way out until it cracks through the egg.

578
00:30:58,640 --> 00:31:02,200
Speaker 1: And then yeah, it grewsome eats its siblings very quickly.

579
00:31:02,400 --> 00:31:05,520
Speaker 1: Sometimes it'll eat smaller siblings that have already hatched, not

580
00:31:05,680 --> 00:31:09,200
Speaker 1: just the eggs. What I didn't realize though, is that

581
00:31:09,720 --> 00:31:14,720
Speaker 1: some and that's that's actually not all snail species. That's

582
00:31:14,840 --> 00:31:16,960
Speaker 1: ones that will eat eggs, but for the most part

583
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:22,600
Speaker 1: they'll eat just vegetation. Yeah. The snail parent will often

584
00:31:22,680 --> 00:31:27,680
Speaker 1: stay nearby to provide protection for the young snail hatchlings

585
00:31:28,160 --> 00:31:28,760
Speaker 1: for a little.

586
00:31:28,600 --> 00:31:31,160
Speaker 2: While they hang out for a while, right, Yeah.

587
00:31:30,680 --> 00:31:32,920
Speaker 1: I did not realize though. I thought it was pretty cool.

588
00:31:33,120 --> 00:31:34,840
Speaker 2: Yeah, they can. They can hang out for up to

589
00:31:34,920 --> 00:31:38,560
Speaker 2: three months together while the parents are kind of protecting them.

590
00:31:39,960 --> 00:31:41,800
Speaker 2: And like you said, they're born with that little baby

591
00:31:41,800 --> 00:31:45,320
Speaker 2: shell and just gets bigger and bigger. They did we

592
00:31:45,360 --> 00:31:46,640
Speaker 2: talk about how long they can live.

593
00:31:47,080 --> 00:31:49,320
Speaker 1: No, we didn't. It's pretty spectacular.

594
00:31:50,000 --> 00:31:51,600
Speaker 2: Yeah, I mean in the wild they can live up

595
00:31:51,640 --> 00:31:54,240
Speaker 2: to five years, which that shocked me quite frankly.

596
00:31:54,320 --> 00:31:56,600
Speaker 1: Yeah, really, I feel bad for all the snails you've

597
00:31:56,640 --> 00:31:58,840
Speaker 1: accidentally stepped on after a rainy evening.

598
00:31:59,520 --> 00:32:02,840
Speaker 2: You hope at least they were old.

599
00:32:02,680 --> 00:32:04,400
Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly, like they had their time.

600
00:32:05,120 --> 00:32:07,120
Speaker 2: Yeah, so five years is a pretty long time in

601
00:32:07,120 --> 00:32:10,160
Speaker 2: the wild. I think in captivity they can live up

602
00:32:10,160 --> 00:32:12,760
Speaker 2: to twenty five years, which is astounding.

603
00:32:12,960 --> 00:32:17,400
Speaker 1: Yeah. There's a really great little short documentary called The

604
00:32:17,440 --> 00:32:20,880
Speaker 1: Strange and Wonderful World of the Snail Wrangler. It's on YouTube,

605
00:32:21,320 --> 00:32:24,200
Speaker 1: and it's about this woman who takes photos of her

606
00:32:24,840 --> 00:32:29,000
Speaker 1: snail friends in like little miniature settings, human settings. It's

607
00:32:29,040 --> 00:32:32,480
Speaker 1: really cute, and she talks about one of her snail

608
00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:36,800
Speaker 1: companions that she's been with for like ten years, and

609
00:32:36,840 --> 00:32:38,680
Speaker 1: it's just I mean, when you think of it like that,

610
00:32:38,760 --> 00:32:41,920
Speaker 1: like snails are just so they're off doing their own thing.

611
00:32:41,960 --> 00:32:44,400
Speaker 1: They live in a world far different from ours, even

612
00:32:44,440 --> 00:32:47,680
Speaker 1: though we share the same geography. It's just a different world.

613
00:32:48,200 --> 00:32:51,120
Speaker 1: So when you cross paths with one, you're like, hey alien,

614
00:32:51,240 --> 00:32:54,200
Speaker 1: and they're probably like hey, giant alien, and that's it,

615
00:32:54,720 --> 00:32:58,800
Speaker 1: the idea that they're there in that same patch as

616
00:32:58,800 --> 00:33:00,960
Speaker 1: long as you are. In some cases, when you're like

617
00:33:01,000 --> 00:33:03,480
Speaker 1: if you live at a house for ten years, a

618
00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:07,640
Speaker 1: snail might have lived there just as long as you

619
00:33:07,720 --> 00:33:09,680
Speaker 1: did for the same time, like you shared that with

620
00:33:09,760 --> 00:33:12,560
Speaker 1: them that whole time. It's they're not just this anonymous,

621
00:33:12,640 --> 00:33:17,000
Speaker 1: generic animals running around. They I mean, anything that lives

622
00:33:17,040 --> 00:33:20,280
Speaker 1: that long, there's just something more substantial to it than

623
00:33:20,960 --> 00:33:22,120
Speaker 1: you would think initially.

624
00:33:23,200 --> 00:33:24,520
Speaker 2: Are you saying a snail has a soul?

625
00:33:25,720 --> 00:33:26,680
Speaker 1: I think it's pretty clear.

626
00:33:26,760 --> 00:33:31,200
Speaker 2: Yes, all right, so snails are doing their things. I

627
00:33:31,240 --> 00:33:34,320
Speaker 2: love this account that Alison found that was a scientist

628
00:33:34,760 --> 00:33:39,040
Speaker 2: from Pittsburgh's Carnegie Museum of Natural History that said snails

629
00:33:39,080 --> 00:33:43,160
Speaker 2: are leaky bags of water that survive on dry land.

630
00:33:44,160 --> 00:33:46,240
Speaker 2: And it almost sounds like they're saying like they happen

631
00:33:46,320 --> 00:33:49,760
Speaker 2: to survive, because it doesn't seem like a snail was

632
00:33:49,840 --> 00:33:54,520
Speaker 2: really made for that environment. But they survive anyway because

633
00:33:55,080 --> 00:33:58,760
Speaker 2: snails really need to stay moist, like a snail. Drying

634
00:33:58,800 --> 00:34:03,160
Speaker 2: out just like a slug, means certain death. So even

635
00:34:03,200 --> 00:34:05,440
Speaker 2: though there are snails in the desert, you're mainly going

636
00:34:05,520 --> 00:34:08,919
Speaker 2: to find snails in more moist areas. We're gonna say

637
00:34:08,920 --> 00:34:10,360
Speaker 2: that word quite a bit. I apologize, I.

638
00:34:10,400 --> 00:34:13,799
Speaker 1: Was gonna say, unlike humans, moist is a snail's favorite word.

639
00:34:14,719 --> 00:34:17,840
Speaker 2: It really is. They do live on the ground, mainly

640
00:34:18,080 --> 00:34:21,080
Speaker 2: if they are terrestrial snails, but they can live in trees,

641
00:34:21,920 --> 00:34:24,880
Speaker 2: but they really like it down there on the ground

642
00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:30,400
Speaker 2: in that sort of moist outer layer of decaying plant matter.

643
00:34:31,320 --> 00:34:35,080
Speaker 2: They're pretty active at night because things can get wetter overnight,

644
00:34:35,160 --> 00:34:36,520
Speaker 2: as we know, like when you wake up with like

645
00:34:36,560 --> 00:34:39,560
Speaker 2: morning dew and stuff like that. So they're just down

646
00:34:39,600 --> 00:34:42,760
Speaker 2: there on the ground, sometimes eating meat and other snails

647
00:34:42,880 --> 00:34:45,960
Speaker 2: and other eggs. But generally what they're doing is eating

648
00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:49,560
Speaker 2: and munching down on that either decaying plant matter, or

649
00:34:50,600 --> 00:34:52,799
Speaker 2: if you have a garden, they will also munch down

650
00:34:52,800 --> 00:34:54,480
Speaker 2: on your nice new fresh plants.

651
00:34:54,560 --> 00:34:56,839
Speaker 1: Yeah, and as we'll see that, they run a foul

652
00:34:56,880 --> 00:35:01,280
Speaker 1: of gardeners for that reason. But just hold your horses, gardeners,

653
00:35:01,520 --> 00:35:04,840
Speaker 1: put your rubber mallets away for a second until we

654
00:35:04,880 --> 00:35:07,000
Speaker 1: get to that part and talk you out of it.

655
00:35:07,400 --> 00:35:10,040
Speaker 1: But in that leaf litter layer, they do a lot

656
00:35:10,040 --> 00:35:15,440
Speaker 1: of really important stuff they are in charge of, like

657
00:35:15,520 --> 00:35:22,080
Speaker 1: recycling plant matter, decaying stuff. They love decaying everything in

658
00:35:22,120 --> 00:35:25,200
Speaker 1: addition to live plants to they love dead plants. And

659
00:35:25,239 --> 00:35:28,799
Speaker 1: when they're doing that, they're like recycling nutrients. They eat

660
00:35:28,840 --> 00:35:31,920
Speaker 1: that stuff, they break it down, and they poop it out,

661
00:35:32,080 --> 00:35:35,280
Speaker 1: and that means it's bioavailable in the soil for plants

662
00:35:35,320 --> 00:35:37,920
Speaker 1: to use, for other animals to come along and like that,

663
00:35:38,040 --> 00:35:40,399
Speaker 1: like to lick the dirt, that kind of thing. They

664
00:35:40,440 --> 00:35:45,600
Speaker 1: also are really important in the food web because calcium

665
00:35:45,719 --> 00:35:49,760
Speaker 1: is not really easy necessarily to come by in food

666
00:35:50,840 --> 00:35:53,560
Speaker 1: at least if you're like a small like an invertbrate

667
00:35:53,640 --> 00:35:56,399
Speaker 1: or a mammal or something like that. If you eat

668
00:35:56,440 --> 00:36:00,480
Speaker 1: a snailshell, you get a burst of calcium, So that

669
00:36:00,600 --> 00:36:03,480
Speaker 1: snailshell is really important. And then they're also chock full

670
00:36:03,520 --> 00:36:06,120
Speaker 1: of protein themselves, so they're like a really important part

671
00:36:06,600 --> 00:36:09,440
Speaker 1: of any food web in the ecosystem that they live in.

672
00:36:10,400 --> 00:36:13,279
Speaker 2: Yeah, they're also moving stuff around down there. I mean,

673
00:36:14,640 --> 00:36:17,000
Speaker 2: plant matter in that outer layer that just sits and

674
00:36:17,040 --> 00:36:21,080
Speaker 2: sits isn't great. But if they're if you've got thousands

675
00:36:21,120 --> 00:36:23,600
Speaker 2: of snails moving around through it, it's going to help

676
00:36:23,680 --> 00:36:26,920
Speaker 2: drainage out, it's going to help keep distributing those nutrients

677
00:36:28,200 --> 00:36:30,480
Speaker 2: if there's you know, it can help move dirt and

678
00:36:30,520 --> 00:36:33,560
Speaker 2: clay even very important. All that stuff is great. And

679
00:36:33,600 --> 00:36:36,920
Speaker 2: they can actually help pollinate too. Some of them are

680
00:36:37,280 --> 00:36:41,280
Speaker 2: nighttime pollinators. They get in there with that plant nectar,

681
00:36:41,719 --> 00:36:44,040
Speaker 2: they eat that stuff and then they poop that out

682
00:36:44,080 --> 00:36:44,439
Speaker 2: as well.

683
00:36:44,560 --> 00:36:47,879
Speaker 1: Yeah, pretty crazy. I had no idea that they were pollinators.

684
00:36:47,880 --> 00:36:49,600
Speaker 1: It just makes them even more important, you know what

685
00:36:49,640 --> 00:36:52,880
Speaker 1: I mean totally. So I think, Chuck, we take a

686
00:36:52,920 --> 00:36:54,919
Speaker 1: break and then we come back and talk about why

687
00:36:55,000 --> 00:36:57,160
Speaker 1: you should leave the snails alone. How about that.

688
00:36:57,880 --> 00:36:58,400
Speaker 2: Let's do it.

689
00:37:23,239 --> 00:37:27,600
Speaker 1: So one thing that we said earlier, Chuck, was that

690
00:37:27,960 --> 00:37:31,160
Speaker 1: snails run a foul of gardeners, and the reason why

691
00:37:31,239 --> 00:37:33,680
Speaker 1: is because they will I mean, they will eat a

692
00:37:33,719 --> 00:37:37,080
Speaker 1: lot of plants. The burgundy snail also known as the

693
00:37:37,200 --> 00:37:40,400
Speaker 1: Roman snail, the one that's mostly used for s cargo

694
00:37:40,480 --> 00:37:45,120
Speaker 1: these days. They weigh twenty gramsish as an adult, but

695
00:37:45,200 --> 00:37:48,799
Speaker 1: they'll eat six grams of plant matter in a day. Yeah,

696
00:37:48,840 --> 00:37:51,240
Speaker 1: you have a bunch of burgundy snails running around your garden.

697
00:37:51,280 --> 00:37:54,000
Speaker 1: They're gonna eat your hostas, they're gonna eat your seedlings.

698
00:37:54,239 --> 00:37:57,480
Speaker 1: They're going to tick you off. And so there's a

699
00:37:57,520 --> 00:38:01,359
Speaker 1: lot of a lot of animal mosity that gardeners have

700
00:38:01,480 --> 00:38:06,120
Speaker 1: towards snails and slugs too, and so the people have

701
00:38:06,160 --> 00:38:08,160
Speaker 1: been trying things to get rid of snails for a

702
00:38:08,239 --> 00:38:10,839
Speaker 1: very long time. The problem is number one, you don't

703
00:38:10,840 --> 00:38:14,760
Speaker 1: actually want to get rid of snails, especially native snails

704
00:38:15,239 --> 00:38:19,520
Speaker 1: or common garden snails. And number two, the methods typically

705
00:38:19,600 --> 00:38:23,160
Speaker 1: used are chemical and they can harm other life as well.

706
00:38:24,239 --> 00:38:26,640
Speaker 1: So there's you basically want to leave the snails alone

707
00:38:26,680 --> 00:38:28,040
Speaker 1: as much as possible.

708
00:38:29,080 --> 00:38:33,640
Speaker 2: Yeah, there is some information here that Allison got from

709
00:38:33,640 --> 00:38:38,680
Speaker 2: the Royal Horticultural Society in Britain, and they say, you know,

710
00:38:38,840 --> 00:38:41,560
Speaker 2: don't use chemical pesticides please, Like, if you want to

711
00:38:41,560 --> 00:38:43,640
Speaker 2: get rid of your snails, you can try and do

712
00:38:43,719 --> 00:38:49,880
Speaker 2: so naturally by introducing predators. I guess you know, you

713
00:38:50,040 --> 00:38:51,960
Speaker 2: throw a bunch of garden beetles out there and see

714
00:38:52,000 --> 00:38:55,520
Speaker 2: what happens. Just say, who whoever walks out of here

715
00:38:55,520 --> 00:38:58,520
Speaker 2: alive is, you know, deserves to live. It's like the

716
00:38:58,920 --> 00:39:02,760
Speaker 2: thunder don't exactly to enter one leaves.

717
00:39:03,080 --> 00:39:04,920
Speaker 1: As a matter of fact, if you're bored, just go

718
00:39:04,920 --> 00:39:08,520
Speaker 1: ahead and build a small scale replica of the thunderdome

719
00:39:08,560 --> 00:39:11,080
Speaker 1: and put the snail in the beetle in you sick.

720
00:39:11,120 --> 00:39:14,480
Speaker 2: Oh, that's right, But then you have to act like

721
00:39:14,520 --> 00:39:19,600
Speaker 2: Tina Turner and use that voice when Hello, raggedy snail,

722
00:39:19,960 --> 00:39:21,120
Speaker 2: that's what you would have to call it.

723
00:39:22,440 --> 00:39:25,399
Speaker 1: That was a great impression, by the way, Chuck, thank you.

724
00:39:25,480 --> 00:39:29,239
Speaker 1: In addition to putting them in a death match against beetles,

725
00:39:30,200 --> 00:39:31,719
Speaker 1: you can go pick them out yourself. If you go

726
00:39:31,760 --> 00:39:35,000
Speaker 1: out at night with the flashlight, you can pick up

727
00:39:35,560 --> 00:39:36,440
Speaker 1: plenty of snails.

728
00:39:36,840 --> 00:39:39,080
Speaker 2: The thing is you put them in your neighbor's guard.

729
00:39:39,200 --> 00:39:42,400
Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly, Especially if they're a jerk hosta grower, they

730
00:39:42,480 --> 00:39:45,000
Speaker 1: will really job them crazy. No, what you want to

731
00:39:45,000 --> 00:39:46,959
Speaker 1: do is put them on your compost pile because again,

732
00:39:47,000 --> 00:39:50,120
Speaker 1: they like decaying stuff and they're really useful, so they'll

733
00:39:50,160 --> 00:39:54,399
Speaker 1: be pretty happy there. And you can also trap them

734
00:39:54,440 --> 00:39:57,480
Speaker 1: by carving out like melons or grapefruit or something like that,

735
00:39:57,520 --> 00:39:59,760
Speaker 1: and they'll be attracted to that, and it's just basically

736
00:39:59,760 --> 00:40:01,960
Speaker 1: act as a trap. You just throw it back on

737
00:40:02,040 --> 00:40:04,279
Speaker 1: your compost pile the next day and there you go.

738
00:40:05,239 --> 00:40:05,680
Speaker 2: All right.

739
00:40:06,880 --> 00:40:12,640
Speaker 1: Some people do, say you Some people still use pesticides.

740
00:40:13,440 --> 00:40:18,960
Speaker 1: If you're organic, use peric phosphate, which interrupts their ability

741
00:40:18,960 --> 00:40:22,040
Speaker 1: to digest so they die of starvation in a few days.

742
00:40:22,960 --> 00:40:27,880
Speaker 1: There's another one called metaldehyde that is hardcore stuff. It

743
00:40:28,400 --> 00:40:32,279
Speaker 1: desiccates them. They end up dehydrating to death, and it's

744
00:40:32,400 --> 00:40:36,719
Speaker 1: banned in the EU because they consider it unacceptably harmful

745
00:40:36,800 --> 00:40:40,319
Speaker 1: to birds and mammals. Here in the US, you can

746
00:40:40,400 --> 00:40:43,200
Speaker 1: use it as much as you like, and they use

747
00:40:43,239 --> 00:40:46,439
Speaker 1: it for the giant African land snail in particular, because

748
00:40:46,480 --> 00:40:49,799
Speaker 1: again metaldehyde is hardcore stuff, and it turns out that

749
00:40:49,880 --> 00:40:52,720
Speaker 1: the giant African land snail is hardcore snail.

750
00:40:53,840 --> 00:40:56,600
Speaker 2: Yeah, it's a hard core snail. Obviously, would be an

751
00:40:56,600 --> 00:41:01,279
Speaker 2: invasive species here in North America. These are the big ones,

752
00:41:01,280 --> 00:41:04,080
Speaker 2: the one that look like a bunny. I thought they

753
00:41:04,080 --> 00:41:07,480
Speaker 2: can be eight inches long. They eat more than five

754
00:41:07,560 --> 00:41:11,440
Speaker 2: hundred species of plant. They will eat everything and in

755
00:41:11,480 --> 00:41:15,640
Speaker 2: their paths, including in Florida. They're a real problem in Florida.

756
00:41:15,680 --> 00:41:19,480
Speaker 2: Apparently they will eat the stucco off your house to

757
00:41:19,520 --> 00:41:23,320
Speaker 2: get more calcium. And they can pass disease along to

758
00:41:23,520 --> 00:41:29,239
Speaker 2: people and animals. Yeah, rat lungworm, yeah, meningitis. I've seen

759
00:41:29,280 --> 00:41:33,320
Speaker 2: that there. They can carry a host of parasites, or

760
00:41:33,360 --> 00:41:36,759
Speaker 2: they can host a host of parasites some of which

761
00:41:36,800 --> 00:41:39,680
Speaker 2: will is you know, good for the snail because it

762
00:41:39,760 --> 00:41:44,439
Speaker 2: keeps animals from eating them, so it's like a defense mechanism, right,

763
00:41:44,760 --> 00:41:47,279
Speaker 2: But that can be harmful to people at times as well.

764
00:41:48,200 --> 00:41:50,719
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, you don't want rat long worm. Like you said,

765
00:41:50,719 --> 00:41:54,400
Speaker 1: it can create meningitis in humans, so it's best to

766
00:41:54,440 --> 00:41:56,920
Speaker 1: not really handle snails with your bare hands, and especially

767
00:41:57,239 --> 00:42:00,960
Speaker 1: don't eat the snail alive from your garden. Really bad idea.

768
00:42:01,960 --> 00:42:05,600
Speaker 2: Yeah, but people actually collect and I'm not sure if

769
00:42:05,600 --> 00:42:08,560
Speaker 2: that's how they got here, but people collect these, you know,

770
00:42:08,600 --> 00:42:12,560
Speaker 2: as an illegal pet, these giant African land snails.

771
00:42:12,640 --> 00:42:15,440
Speaker 1: That's my understanding that they were imported as illegal pets,

772
00:42:15,560 --> 00:42:19,799
Speaker 1: at least to South the doing I don't know, but

773
00:42:19,920 --> 00:42:23,080
Speaker 1: they also have been have shown up in some other places,

774
00:42:23,080 --> 00:42:28,480
Speaker 1: including Hawaii and Polynesia, and somehow they got from Florida

775
00:42:28,640 --> 00:42:32,680
Speaker 1: to these places, probably through the illegal pet trade. And so,

776
00:42:34,200 --> 00:42:40,120
Speaker 1: in just typical human fashion in the fifties, people said, well, wait,

777
00:42:40,200 --> 00:42:43,759
Speaker 1: there's this this snail called a rosy wolf snail, and

778
00:42:43,880 --> 00:42:47,560
Speaker 1: it's a predator. It's a little literal snail predator. It's

779
00:42:47,560 --> 00:42:50,440
Speaker 1: just import a bunch of them to take care of

780
00:42:50,480 --> 00:42:53,439
Speaker 1: this giant African land snail because I'm sure nothing will

781
00:42:53,480 --> 00:42:56,640
Speaker 1: possibly go wrong because of this plan. It's fool proof.

782
00:42:56,880 --> 00:42:59,320
Speaker 1: And that's what they did, and as a result, Hawaii

783
00:42:59,320 --> 00:43:02,840
Speaker 1: has lost almost all of its native snail species in

784
00:43:02,840 --> 00:43:06,720
Speaker 1: the wild because the rosy wolf snail was like, I'd

785
00:43:06,800 --> 00:43:08,600
Speaker 1: just rather eat these other kinds of snails than leave

786
00:43:08,600 --> 00:43:10,280
Speaker 1: the giant African snail alone.

787
00:43:10,760 --> 00:43:15,080
Speaker 2: Yeah, these things are pretty creepy though. I imagine there's got

788
00:43:15,120 --> 00:43:19,080
Speaker 2: to be some kind of nat geo video of the

789
00:43:19,120 --> 00:43:24,200
Speaker 2: wolf snail, like, you know, following its prey because for

790
00:43:24,280 --> 00:43:28,000
Speaker 2: a snail, they're moving pretty fast. Yeah. When they're tracking something,

791
00:43:28,040 --> 00:43:31,680
Speaker 2: they go double to triple their normal speed. They will

792
00:43:31,680 --> 00:43:34,960
Speaker 2: go up a tree after something. They will go underwater

793
00:43:35,239 --> 00:43:37,680
Speaker 2: after something for a little while until they need to

794
00:43:37,719 --> 00:43:40,360
Speaker 2: come up. It seems like they're just tenacious little fellas

795
00:43:40,760 --> 00:43:43,440
Speaker 2: and they will go after something until they catch it.

796
00:43:43,880 --> 00:43:47,040
Speaker 1: Yeah, and they like to swallow other snails whole, including

797
00:43:47,080 --> 00:43:47,560
Speaker 1: their shell.

798
00:43:47,960 --> 00:43:48,240
Speaker 2: Wow.

799
00:43:48,280 --> 00:43:52,200
Speaker 1: And there's a malacologist named Harry G. Lee who dissected

800
00:43:52,200 --> 00:43:56,160
Speaker 1: a rosy wolf snail and found thirteen other snails shells

801
00:43:56,160 --> 00:43:57,240
Speaker 1: in its gut.

802
00:43:57,880 --> 00:44:01,160
Speaker 2: Yeah, that's a lot. That's a lot. It's like in

803
00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:03,040
Speaker 2: a Louisiana state license plate.

804
00:44:03,520 --> 00:44:06,680
Speaker 1: Yeah, exactly. So, yeah, you don't want these things on

805
00:44:06,719 --> 00:44:09,920
Speaker 1: your beautiful, pristine island. And once you bring them in,

806
00:44:09,960 --> 00:44:12,080
Speaker 1: they're going to cause all sorts of problems. And that's

807
00:44:12,080 --> 00:44:15,280
Speaker 1: what that Goodbye Snail video was about. It's definitely worth watching.

808
00:44:15,760 --> 00:44:19,440
Speaker 1: But the rosy wolf snail is definitely considered invasive. And

809
00:44:19,440 --> 00:44:22,440
Speaker 1: what I didn't know, Chuck, is the common garden snail,

810
00:44:23,000 --> 00:44:28,040
Speaker 1: the one we're so familiar with, is considered invasive in

811
00:44:28,200 --> 00:44:34,240
Speaker 1: the United States. Cornew espersum poof that is the common

812
00:44:34,239 --> 00:44:37,200
Speaker 1: garden snail, and it was originally imported because it was

813
00:44:37,239 --> 00:44:39,920
Speaker 1: the one that used to bees cargo and some of

814
00:44:39,920 --> 00:44:42,720
Speaker 1: them escape from farms and set up shop in the wild.

815
00:44:42,760 --> 00:44:46,200
Speaker 1: And now it's called the common garden snail because it

816
00:44:46,320 --> 00:44:47,480
Speaker 1: became so prolific.

817
00:44:48,360 --> 00:44:52,320
Speaker 2: Yeah, and they don't know when people started eatinges cargo.

818
00:44:52,840 --> 00:44:56,040
Speaker 2: And I think es cargo is the French name for

819
00:44:56,280 --> 00:44:59,920
Speaker 2: that edible snail. And also doubles is the name of the.

820
00:45:00,160 --> 00:45:03,800
Speaker 1: Ish, right, Yeah, yeah, I think you're right, like French

821
00:45:03,800 --> 00:45:04,399
Speaker 1: of us both.

822
00:45:04,840 --> 00:45:09,320
Speaker 2: Yeah, but you know, people like this stuff. It was

823
00:45:09,360 --> 00:45:11,279
Speaker 2: always you know, growing up, you always heard about s

824
00:45:11,320 --> 00:45:14,440
Speaker 2: cargo was like this you know, sort of as a

825
00:45:14,440 --> 00:45:18,880
Speaker 2: as a kid, the first fancy, weird food you'd heard of, probably.

826
00:45:18,719 --> 00:45:22,080
Speaker 1: Like do the wealthy have no bounds? Kind of right.

827
00:45:23,520 --> 00:45:27,400
Speaker 2: Exactly, And then you know, we've got all signs. Should

828
00:45:27,400 --> 00:45:28,840
Speaker 2: we finish up with just a bunch of kind of

829
00:45:28,920 --> 00:45:29,920
Speaker 2: cool factoids?

830
00:45:30,160 --> 00:45:30,880
Speaker 1: Yeah, for sure.

831
00:45:31,840 --> 00:45:36,680
Speaker 2: Well jewelry. Snail shells have always or have long been

832
00:45:36,800 --> 00:45:39,280
Speaker 2: used as jewelry for humans as some of the oldest

833
00:45:39,440 --> 00:45:43,440
Speaker 2: known human jewelry. They found this stuff like necklaces and

834
00:45:43,480 --> 00:45:47,319
Speaker 2: stuff made of sea snail shells that date back like

835
00:45:47,520 --> 00:45:49,320
Speaker 2: at least one hundred and twenty thousand years.

836
00:45:49,560 --> 00:45:50,520
Speaker 1: That's nuts, man.

837
00:45:50,960 --> 00:45:51,719
Speaker 2: Yeah, what else?

838
00:45:52,440 --> 00:45:55,360
Speaker 1: The author Patricia high Smith, who was a very interesting

839
00:45:55,400 --> 00:45:58,160
Speaker 1: person in her own right. She wrote The Strangers on

840
00:45:58,200 --> 00:46:01,520
Speaker 1: a Train and The Talented Mister Ripple novels. She was

841
00:46:01,560 --> 00:46:05,480
Speaker 1: a snail pal like the snail wrangler in that video

842
00:46:05,560 --> 00:46:08,400
Speaker 1: that I talked about, And like the snail wrangler in

843
00:46:08,400 --> 00:46:10,359
Speaker 1: that video that I talked about, she would go out

844
00:46:10,400 --> 00:46:13,800
Speaker 1: in public with their snails as companions. There's a story

845
00:46:13,800 --> 00:46:16,840
Speaker 1: of Patricia Highsmith at a party who was revealed to

846
00:46:16,880 --> 00:46:20,040
Speaker 1: have dozens of snails in her purse who she brought

847
00:46:20,200 --> 00:46:22,680
Speaker 1: so she'd have someone to talk to her snail friends.

848
00:46:23,360 --> 00:46:24,680
Speaker 2: Yeah, how about that?

849
00:46:25,480 --> 00:46:28,000
Speaker 1: How about that? That's what snail people do, is that

850
00:46:28,120 --> 00:46:28,520
Speaker 1: kind of thing?

851
00:46:28,560 --> 00:46:32,080
Speaker 2: Yeah? Yeah, This is really interesting is they've been studying

852
00:46:32,239 --> 00:46:37,719
Speaker 2: how snails might help us figure out Alzheimer's disease. From

853
00:46:37,719 --> 00:46:39,879
Speaker 2: what I found is they've you know, we've talked about

854
00:46:39,880 --> 00:46:43,600
Speaker 2: Alzheimer's before, which is when you have these amyloid plaque

855
00:46:43,600 --> 00:46:46,759
Speaker 2: build up or plaques I guess that build up on

856
00:46:46,800 --> 00:46:51,200
Speaker 2: the brain tissue, and they don't exactly know how it

857
00:46:51,280 --> 00:46:53,160
Speaker 2: causes memory loss. But this is what they're trying to

858
00:46:53,160 --> 00:46:56,239
Speaker 2: figure out what the snails. These plaques are formed from

859
00:46:56,239 --> 00:46:59,440
Speaker 2: a protein called amyloid beta, which we've talked about, or

860
00:46:59,480 --> 00:47:02,759
Speaker 2: a beta, and they have taken a beta and put

861
00:47:02,760 --> 00:47:07,200
Speaker 2: it on otherwise very healthy pond snails. I have no

862
00:47:07,280 --> 00:47:10,600
Speaker 2: idea why they chose, like why they thought the pond

863
00:47:10,600 --> 00:47:12,000
Speaker 2: snail was a good candidate.

864
00:47:11,880 --> 00:47:13,920
Speaker 1: To begin with, terrible lobbying group.

865
00:47:14,440 --> 00:47:17,080
Speaker 2: Maybe that's what it is. But they put this a

866
00:47:17,120 --> 00:47:20,080
Speaker 2: beta on these healthy pond snails and within twenty four

867
00:47:20,120 --> 00:47:25,680
Speaker 2: hours they show evidence that they have harmed their memory basically,

868
00:47:26,280 --> 00:47:30,200
Speaker 2: but the finding is that they haven't found any damage

869
00:47:30,200 --> 00:47:33,239
Speaker 2: to the brain tissue. Like no cell loss, no brain

870
00:47:33,280 --> 00:47:36,520
Speaker 2: tissue damage at all. So basically what they're they have

871
00:47:36,880 --> 00:47:39,520
Speaker 2: sort of you know, the result of all that is

872
00:47:39,520 --> 00:47:43,120
Speaker 2: that a beta by itself can trigger the memory loss

873
00:47:43,120 --> 00:47:45,839
Speaker 2: and it's not from like damage to the brain or

874
00:47:45,880 --> 00:47:50,400
Speaker 2: like a deterioration of the brain or the plant builds up, right, Yeah, exactly.

875
00:47:50,640 --> 00:47:54,120
Speaker 2: They think it's like a specific pathway for memory that's

876
00:47:54,160 --> 00:47:55,960
Speaker 2: being damaged and the brain itself.

877
00:47:56,120 --> 00:47:57,440
Speaker 1: Thank you pond snails.

878
00:47:57,719 --> 00:47:59,080
Speaker 2: I know it's amazing.

879
00:47:59,200 --> 00:48:00,759
Speaker 1: I also saw it goes the other way too, that

880
00:48:00,840 --> 00:48:04,200
Speaker 1: the common garden snails mucus has been found to be

881
00:48:04,280 --> 00:48:10,399
Speaker 1: bioactive as an anti inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti apoptic, which

882
00:48:10,440 --> 00:48:14,640
Speaker 1: means it prevents cell death. Oh wow, So they think

883
00:48:14,680 --> 00:48:17,319
Speaker 1: that they are figuring out how to turn that into

884
00:48:17,320 --> 00:48:20,120
Speaker 1: a drug to treat Alzheimer's too. So snails are just

885
00:48:20,120 --> 00:48:22,120
Speaker 1: coming at us with the one two punch to battle

886
00:48:22,120 --> 00:48:27,240
Speaker 1: Alzheimer's disease. Yeah, God bless it. Speaking of God bless them,

887
00:48:27,560 --> 00:48:32,640
Speaker 1: if you're subscribe to the West African Yoruba religion, you

888
00:48:32,680 --> 00:48:35,960
Speaker 1: would say God bless the snail because they're associated with Obitala,

889
00:48:36,080 --> 00:48:40,520
Speaker 1: the Skyfather, as well as the Arisha's collective deities to

890
00:48:40,600 --> 00:48:43,920
Speaker 1: whom the land snail, the giant African land snail in particular,

891
00:48:44,320 --> 00:48:45,000
Speaker 1: is sacred.

892
00:48:45,239 --> 00:48:47,120
Speaker 2: I gotta read this last thing. This is the only

893
00:48:47,239 --> 00:48:52,560
Speaker 2: last thing I got. Okay, this Nigerian snail recipe. Yeah,

894
00:48:52,600 --> 00:48:55,120
Speaker 2: I'm not into eat snails. They call this congo meat.

895
00:48:56,480 --> 00:49:01,840
Speaker 2: It's got red pepper, havinio's okay onion, all right, and

896
00:49:01,880 --> 00:49:05,760
Speaker 2: then a season with cayenne and ground crayfish.

897
00:49:06,440 --> 00:49:08,160
Speaker 1: Yeah. You lost me at Hobin Euro but it does

898
00:49:08,200 --> 00:49:11,160
Speaker 1: sound extremely interesting. I would try it. I'd just be like,

899
00:49:11,200 --> 00:49:12,759
Speaker 1: can you leave the hobbin niro out?

900
00:49:13,200 --> 00:49:13,800
Speaker 2: Too hot?

901
00:49:14,160 --> 00:49:14,759
Speaker 1: Too hot?

902
00:49:15,560 --> 00:49:18,360
Speaker 2: Yeah? Too hot for the hot tub, yeah.

903
00:49:18,280 --> 00:49:19,120
Speaker 1: Too hot for TV.

904
00:49:19,840 --> 00:49:20,600
Speaker 2: Uh huh.

905
00:49:20,680 --> 00:49:24,480
Speaker 1: So I've got one more thing, chuck, let's hear it. Uh.

906
00:49:24,560 --> 00:49:27,400
Speaker 1: There is a weird thing that started popping up at

907
00:49:27,440 --> 00:49:31,560
Speaker 1: the end of the thirteenth century in northern France. If

908
00:49:31,560 --> 00:49:35,479
Speaker 1: you look through illuminated manuscripts, meaning manuscripts that have the

909
00:49:35,520 --> 00:49:39,760
Speaker 1: doodles in the margins and all that like a map magazine, yeah,

910
00:49:39,840 --> 00:49:43,000
Speaker 1: you will start to notice there are pictures of nights

911
00:49:43,239 --> 00:49:44,960
Speaker 1: battling giant snails.

912
00:49:45,000 --> 00:49:46,880
Speaker 2: Oh yeah, that's so interesting.

913
00:49:47,040 --> 00:49:49,560
Speaker 1: And they It lasted for like one hundred or so

914
00:49:49,680 --> 00:49:52,319
Speaker 1: years is like a trend. It actually came back again

915
00:49:52,400 --> 00:49:54,480
Speaker 1: for a little while in the fifteenth century, and no

916
00:49:54,520 --> 00:49:57,440
Speaker 1: one has any idea what they were trying to say.

917
00:49:58,640 --> 00:50:00,840
Speaker 1: One of the theories is that is just it's hilarious that

918
00:50:00,880 --> 00:50:02,960
Speaker 1: it was men who's like kind of comic relief. While

919
00:50:03,000 --> 00:50:05,280
Speaker 1: you're reading like this kind of heavy text or whatever,

920
00:50:05,280 --> 00:50:06,879
Speaker 1: you just look over and you're like, that's a night

921
00:50:07,000 --> 00:50:08,719
Speaker 1: battling a snail. Right.

922
00:50:08,840 --> 00:50:09,200
Speaker 2: Yeah.

923
00:50:09,320 --> 00:50:13,080
Speaker 1: Other people say that the snails symbolize something like superhuman

924
00:50:13,160 --> 00:50:15,600
Speaker 1: strength because they carry their house on their back. I

925
00:50:15,680 --> 00:50:17,560
Speaker 1: kind of pooh pooh that one. I like this the

926
00:50:17,600 --> 00:50:19,040
Speaker 1: comic relief one.

927
00:50:19,440 --> 00:50:21,640
Speaker 2: And people were just like, hey, this is funny. Look

928
00:50:21,680 --> 00:50:23,360
Speaker 2: at this. This night's fighting a snail.

929
00:50:23,520 --> 00:50:25,440
Speaker 1: Yeah, this will be good for a laugh, said the

930
00:50:25,480 --> 00:50:29,600
Speaker 1: medieval monk. Very interesting, I say so too. So if

931
00:50:29,640 --> 00:50:32,520
Speaker 1: you want to know more about snails, everybody, go forth

932
00:50:32,760 --> 00:50:35,240
Speaker 1: research them. You could do worse than watching The Strange

933
00:50:35,239 --> 00:50:38,280
Speaker 1: and Wonderful World of the Snail Wrangler. And Goodbye snails.

934
00:50:38,440 --> 00:50:40,440
Speaker 1: And if you see a snail in your garden, and

935
00:50:40,600 --> 00:50:43,640
Speaker 1: especially if it's not doing anything to harm things, you

936
00:50:43,680 --> 00:50:46,560
Speaker 1: just tip your hat to it and say, good day, snail.

937
00:50:46,960 --> 00:50:49,600
Speaker 1: You could be as much as five to ten years old.

938
00:50:50,600 --> 00:50:53,359
Speaker 1: That's right, Chuck said, that's right. It means it's time

939
00:50:53,400 --> 00:50:54,120
Speaker 1: for listener mail.

940
00:50:56,960 --> 00:51:00,000
Speaker 2: Yeah, we're gonna do a correction. I wish we could

941
00:51:00,200 --> 00:51:02,440
Speaker 2: this one out sooner because we're going to continue to

942
00:51:02,440 --> 00:51:10,480
Speaker 2: get emails about the great isotope ion. My goodness issue,

943
00:51:11,200 --> 00:51:13,560
Speaker 2: which I didn't know is an issue. This was we

944
00:51:13,600 --> 00:51:15,840
Speaker 2: had a lot of them. But this is from Nick Lufty,

945
00:51:16,560 --> 00:51:21,040
Speaker 2: PhD student at U see Irvine and Nick is getting

946
00:51:21,239 --> 00:51:24,080
Speaker 2: a PhD in quantum chemistry.

947
00:51:24,640 --> 00:51:27,879
Speaker 1: Oh wow, man, I want to hang out with you, Nick.

948
00:51:29,400 --> 00:51:34,919
Speaker 2: And Nick listens with his wife Dinah. Hey Dinah, and said,

949
00:51:35,000 --> 00:51:37,360
Speaker 2: can't wait till we're in town for a show. But

950
00:51:37,680 --> 00:51:40,239
Speaker 2: if you're at Irvine, I mean Irvine, how far is

951
00:51:40,239 --> 00:51:41,200
Speaker 2: that from San Francisco.

952
00:51:41,400 --> 00:51:42,400
Speaker 1: I have no idea.

953
00:51:42,920 --> 00:51:44,760
Speaker 2: I mean it's in the state of California. So Scott

954
00:51:44,800 --> 00:51:45,560
Speaker 2: to just be like an.

955
00:51:45,400 --> 00:51:48,320
Speaker 1: Hour away exactly. Yeah, everything in California is an hour away.

956
00:51:48,880 --> 00:51:51,319
Speaker 2: Come see us. Hey, guys, wanted to offer a slight

957
00:51:51,320 --> 00:51:54,719
Speaker 2: correction about the periodic table. Don't hate me. When you

958
00:51:54,760 --> 00:51:58,200
Speaker 2: mentioned the different weighted averages being a result of different isotopes,

959
00:51:58,840 --> 00:52:00,800
Speaker 2: you mentioned that it is a loss or gain of

960
00:52:00,840 --> 00:52:05,200
Speaker 2: an electron that constitutes the different isotopes. This is actually incorrect.

961
00:52:05,520 --> 00:52:09,120
Speaker 2: What you've defined is an ion, not an isotope. It

962
00:52:09,160 --> 00:52:11,080
Speaker 2: is the varying number of neutrons that makes up the

963
00:52:11,080 --> 00:52:13,799
Speaker 2: different flavors of isotopes. This is the thing that makes

964
00:52:13,840 --> 00:52:16,759
Speaker 2: carbon dating possible. I love that episode. By the way.

965
00:52:17,640 --> 00:52:20,319
Speaker 2: Last thing, guys, chemistry as a whole is a very

966
00:52:20,360 --> 00:52:23,800
Speaker 2: inaccessible branch of STEM. I hated it. I failed my

967
00:52:23,840 --> 00:52:27,680
Speaker 2: first chemistry class in one day. Our professor was out sick,

968
00:52:27,760 --> 00:52:30,680
Speaker 2: and the chair of the chem department came to sub

969
00:52:30,719 --> 00:52:33,400
Speaker 2: in and she implored us to get a PhD in chemistry.

970
00:52:33,760 --> 00:52:36,160
Speaker 2: I said to myself, she must be nuts. Here I

971
00:52:36,200 --> 00:52:40,160
Speaker 2: am ten years later and I am clearly the one

972
00:52:40,160 --> 00:52:42,759
Speaker 2: who is nuts. The long and short of this last

973
00:52:42,760 --> 00:52:46,080
Speaker 2: bit is to never give up on science. Nice And

974
00:52:46,120 --> 00:52:49,360
Speaker 2: that again is from Nick. I think it said lufty,

975
00:52:49,840 --> 00:52:51,440
Speaker 2: but it's actually lutfi.

976
00:52:52,400 --> 00:52:58,480
Speaker 1: Okay, like chipotle chipolte. Yeah, that's right, Thanks a lot, Nick.

977
00:52:59,120 --> 00:53:02,160
Speaker 1: We'll call him nick L from now on. Yeah, that

978
00:53:02,280 --> 00:53:04,560
Speaker 1: was a great one. So everybody who wrote in to

979
00:53:04,600 --> 00:53:06,640
Speaker 1: let us know, we appreciate you for doing that, because

980
00:53:06,680 --> 00:53:08,759
Speaker 1: we like to get things right. And that was definitely

981
00:53:08,760 --> 00:53:11,000
Speaker 1: a slip up and it is something that we needed

982
00:53:11,000 --> 00:53:13,960
Speaker 1: to correct for sure. So good job Chuck picking that one.

983
00:53:14,520 --> 00:53:15,360
Speaker 2: Yeah.

984
00:53:15,440 --> 00:53:16,759
Speaker 1: Well, if you want to get in touch with us

985
00:53:16,760 --> 00:53:18,600
Speaker 1: and let us know we got something wrong or we

986
00:53:18,680 --> 00:53:21,160
Speaker 1: got something right, or tell us something about yourself or

987
00:53:21,160 --> 00:53:23,839
Speaker 1: your dog or your pet goat doesn't matter, you can

988
00:53:23,880 --> 00:53:29,840
Speaker 1: send it via email to stuff podcast at iHeartRadio dot com.

989
00:53:31,239 --> 00:53:34,120
Speaker 2: Stuff you Should Know is a production of iHeartRadio. For

990
00:53:34,239 --> 00:53:38,400
Speaker 2: more podcasts my heart Radio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

991
00:53:38,520 --> 00:53:40,360
Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.