1 00:00:01,040 --> 00:00:10,119 Speaker 1: What's a dead man? Donald Rumsfeld? Let Go the Bastards, 2 00:00:10,160 --> 00:00:16,200 Speaker 1: the podcast where Donald Rumsfeld is a corpse. Um, it's 3 00:00:17,960 --> 00:00:21,400 Speaker 1: he died surrounded by his family, as opposed to surrounded 4 00:00:21,400 --> 00:00:23,919 Speaker 1: by the families of his victims beating him with sticks. 5 00:00:23,960 --> 00:00:27,280 Speaker 1: But whatever, that's he's dead. That's as good as you get. 6 00:00:27,440 --> 00:00:33,040 Speaker 1: I guess um. There's an amazing, amazing ap article out 7 00:00:33,080 --> 00:00:35,800 Speaker 1: about him that like describes him as a cunning leader 8 00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:43,279 Speaker 1: who was undermined by the Iraq War. Undermine you know how, 9 00:00:43,320 --> 00:00:45,680 Speaker 1: You're just going through life and the Iraq War comes 10 00:00:45,720 --> 00:00:49,559 Speaker 1: and blindsides you after you spend years working to make 11 00:00:49,600 --> 00:00:52,839 Speaker 1: it happen by lying to the international community in the 12 00:00:52,880 --> 00:00:56,920 Speaker 1: United States. Come on, its fucking rules. It's so good, 13 00:00:58,520 --> 00:01:04,000 Speaker 1: just having the best time here. Pro prop props guys. 14 00:01:04,319 --> 00:01:08,679 Speaker 1: Jason Petty, host of the Hood Politics podcast now on 15 00:01:08,720 --> 00:01:14,440 Speaker 1: the Heart Radio Network, because we are slowly consuming all 16 00:01:14,560 --> 00:01:19,000 Speaker 1: media and and and folding it into our overmind of 17 00:01:19,080 --> 00:01:23,680 Speaker 1: content um overmind and just bringing you the best of 18 00:01:23,760 --> 00:01:26,679 Speaker 1: the best. Yeah you know what I'm saying, Like like, 19 00:01:26,760 --> 00:01:30,280 Speaker 1: you know, real recognized real, you feel me. It's magnetic. 20 00:01:30,640 --> 00:01:33,160 Speaker 1: But I wish, I wish listeners could have seen one 21 00:01:33,240 --> 00:01:35,280 Speaker 1: Prop and I met in person the first time and 22 00:01:35,360 --> 00:01:39,560 Speaker 1: we were just yea, yeah, yeah. It was so crazy. 23 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:46,720 Speaker 1: That was right before the motherfucking like yeah, I was like, 24 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:51,960 Speaker 1: you're the real one. It was really like, I think 25 00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:54,560 Speaker 1: she's a real one. I'm I'm pretty sure she's a 26 00:01:54,560 --> 00:01:56,800 Speaker 1: real one. And I was like, yeah, yeah, she's a 27 00:01:56,840 --> 00:02:01,400 Speaker 1: real one. This is crazy prop. You know what else 28 00:02:01,560 --> 00:02:05,279 Speaker 1: is a real one? Rumps veil. Well yeah, he actually, 29 00:02:05,320 --> 00:02:11,280 Speaker 1: I mean yes, actually he pulled triggers that do not have. 30 00:02:13,160 --> 00:02:21,359 Speaker 1: But another thing that's real is the island nation of Haiti. Jason, Yeah, 31 00:02:21,480 --> 00:02:24,600 Speaker 1: this is a natural. This is a real reaction. We've 32 00:02:24,639 --> 00:02:29,240 Speaker 1: been to talk about Haiti. We're fixing to talk about Haiti. Yes, Um, 33 00:02:29,560 --> 00:02:31,840 Speaker 1: I wanted to do an episode because it's been required. 34 00:02:31,880 --> 00:02:34,079 Speaker 1: You know, there's two famous dictators of Haiti, the two 35 00:02:34,120 --> 00:02:37,720 Speaker 1: longest serving modern leaders of the country, Papa Doc and 36 00:02:37,720 --> 00:02:42,079 Speaker 1: Baby Doc. If you're going to like talk about Haitian dictators, 37 00:02:42,160 --> 00:02:45,120 Speaker 1: you have to start with the actual bastard of Haiti, 38 00:02:45,400 --> 00:02:51,400 Speaker 1: which is the entirety of Western civilization. Yes, yeah, the 39 00:02:51,440 --> 00:02:57,639 Speaker 1: most the only effective slavery uprising. But for us to 40 00:02:57,720 --> 00:03:01,840 Speaker 1: get to that moment, and there was a number of 41 00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:05,960 Speaker 1: after so tear one of those things you can't like 42 00:03:06,320 --> 00:03:09,680 Speaker 1: the end. These are some pretty pretty colorful dictators. But 43 00:03:09,760 --> 00:03:12,600 Speaker 1: it would be I think, grossly irresponsible to not talk 44 00:03:12,639 --> 00:03:16,960 Speaker 1: about the various nations by which I mean the United States, France, 45 00:03:16,960 --> 00:03:20,400 Speaker 1: and most of Europe that were heavily responsible for allowing 46 00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:24,200 Speaker 1: a situation in which these guys could could be in power. Um, 47 00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:29,240 Speaker 1: because it required takes a whole village to make a 48 00:03:29,320 --> 00:03:32,240 Speaker 1: situation as fucked up as the present political situation in 49 00:03:32,320 --> 00:03:36,920 Speaker 1: Haiti Um, which is the poorest nation in this hemisphere, yes, 50 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:40,760 Speaker 1: and which engineered to be that way yes, which interestingly enough, 51 00:03:40,920 --> 00:03:45,040 Speaker 1: was part of Trump's shiphole country statements because he was like, well, 52 00:03:45,040 --> 00:03:49,000 Speaker 1: look at Haiti, it's ran by black people. Why are 53 00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:51,960 Speaker 1: you Okay, let's dig into that, analyst, let's ask let's 54 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:55,240 Speaker 1: ask about that. Let's be okay, you just throwing ship out. 55 00:03:55,360 --> 00:03:59,080 Speaker 1: Let's okay, let's think about it. Yeah. Yeah. So the 56 00:03:59,120 --> 00:04:02,640 Speaker 1: island that both Haiti and the Dominican Republic share is 57 00:04:02,640 --> 00:04:06,400 Speaker 1: called Hispaniola Um, and it's the largest island in the 58 00:04:06,440 --> 00:04:09,720 Speaker 1: Antilles chain next to Cuba. So Cuba's Cuba's the bigger, 59 00:04:10,040 --> 00:04:12,160 Speaker 1: is bigger, but Hispaniola is kind of right number two. 60 00:04:13,080 --> 00:04:16,560 Speaker 1: So Hispaniola first entered the annals of European history in 61 00:04:16,600 --> 00:04:19,480 Speaker 1: four nine two when some asshole with the same name 62 00:04:19,480 --> 00:04:21,960 Speaker 1: as the director of Home Alone sailed three boats from 63 00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:24,960 Speaker 1: Spain and landed on their southern shore. He named the 64 00:04:25,000 --> 00:04:28,400 Speaker 1: island Hispaniola, in honor of the Spanish crown. So he 65 00:04:28,480 --> 00:04:31,320 Speaker 1: was like, this is Spain's basically, that's what Hispaniola means. 66 00:04:31,360 --> 00:04:37,880 Speaker 1: This is Spain's island. Um is mine Spain's yeah, um, 67 00:04:37,920 --> 00:04:41,160 Speaker 1: because he was as all bad people are Italian. Um. 68 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:47,680 Speaker 1: Now we just recorded with someone else an episode on 69 00:04:47,839 --> 00:04:50,880 Speaker 1: Ethiopia and Italy's history, and we really got to throw 70 00:04:50,920 --> 00:04:55,359 Speaker 1: out some some some anti Italian hate. Man, good for 71 00:04:55,400 --> 00:04:58,680 Speaker 1: the soul, shout out the birthplace, shout out the birthplace 72 00:04:58,720 --> 00:05:05,200 Speaker 1: of coffee. Oh yeah yeah um so yeah the the 73 00:05:05,440 --> 00:05:08,640 Speaker 1: So he he names the island Hispaniola. He leaves the 74 00:05:08,680 --> 00:05:11,960 Speaker 1: crew of the wrecked Santa Maria on Hispaniola when he 75 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:14,839 Speaker 1: goes back to Europe, and Columbus's men form a settlement 76 00:05:14,880 --> 00:05:18,120 Speaker 1: called La Navidad, which became patient zero for the European 77 00:05:18,160 --> 00:05:20,880 Speaker 1: infestation of the New World. The indigenous people of the 78 00:05:20,880 --> 00:05:23,520 Speaker 1: island where the Arawak and the Tino Uh. They were 79 00:05:23,520 --> 00:05:26,520 Speaker 1: pretty much immediately enslaved and forced to work themselves to 80 00:05:26,680 --> 00:05:29,560 Speaker 1: near extinction mining for gold. Uh. They were all but 81 00:05:29,640 --> 00:05:33,400 Speaker 1: wiped out within a century. Um. Meanwhile, European settlement on 82 00:05:33,440 --> 00:05:36,919 Speaker 1: the island expanded rapidly. The occupation quickly turned into a 83 00:05:36,960 --> 00:05:40,760 Speaker 1: plantation economy, and Spanish domination was replaced by French domination. 84 00:05:40,839 --> 00:05:44,800 Speaker 1: Once the gold mines were exhausted, coffee, cotton, indigo and 85 00:05:44,839 --> 00:05:47,560 Speaker 1: other cash crops made Hispaniola a hub of the burgeoning 86 00:05:47,600 --> 00:05:50,640 Speaker 1: global economy. Now, of course, if you know anything about 87 00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:54,719 Speaker 1: in that period of time, farming cotton, coffee, indigo and 88 00:05:54,760 --> 00:05:58,960 Speaker 1: other cashpots, it was a fucking nightmare um, super deadly, 89 00:05:59,360 --> 00:06:03,400 Speaker 1: super pleasant, grueling, backbreaking work. And white people were not 90 00:06:03,480 --> 00:06:06,000 Speaker 1: about to do that themsel, not at all in a 91 00:06:06,120 --> 00:06:09,120 Speaker 1: in a tropical paradise too. Yeah, no, you're not gonna 92 00:06:09,120 --> 00:06:12,480 Speaker 1: do that, No, no no. By the fifteen hundred, slaves 93 00:06:12,480 --> 00:06:15,599 Speaker 1: were being imported onto the island in huge numbers. Over 94 00:06:15,640 --> 00:06:18,440 Speaker 1: several hundred years, African slaves grew to be the majority 95 00:06:18,480 --> 00:06:22,320 Speaker 1: population of Haiti. By the late seventeenth century, only about 96 00:06:22,360 --> 00:06:24,920 Speaker 1: five thousand African slaves had been brought to the island, 97 00:06:24,960 --> 00:06:27,840 Speaker 1: but by seventeen eighty nine, a century or so later, 98 00:06:28,160 --> 00:06:31,320 Speaker 1: the island had half a million slaves, thirty two thousand 99 00:06:31,400 --> 00:06:34,800 Speaker 1: Europeans and about twenty four thousand of what we're called 100 00:06:34,839 --> 00:06:38,240 Speaker 1: a Francis, which were free mulatto's or people of mixed 101 00:06:38,279 --> 00:06:42,640 Speaker 1: African and European heritage. And that's really key here because 102 00:06:42,760 --> 00:06:47,599 Speaker 1: since it's French dominated, it's a different spin on racism 103 00:06:47,680 --> 00:06:51,000 Speaker 1: than you got in the US South. UM. So you 104 00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:53,520 Speaker 1: you actually have not I mean, you have some free blacks, 105 00:06:53,520 --> 00:06:56,400 Speaker 1: but you have a lot of free mixed race people, UM. 106 00:06:56,480 --> 00:07:00,039 Speaker 1: And they form kind of a buffer, like chunk of 107 00:07:00,080 --> 00:07:04,359 Speaker 1: society between white people and enslaved black people. It's like 108 00:07:04,360 --> 00:07:06,200 Speaker 1: a thing in Haiti, and you have to really talk 109 00:07:06,200 --> 00:07:10,920 Speaker 1: about it. Yeah. Yeah, It's so interesting how every place 110 00:07:11,040 --> 00:07:17,040 Speaker 1: that UM imported African slaves had to deal with their 111 00:07:17,200 --> 00:07:20,680 Speaker 1: categories of race and how they decided to like work 112 00:07:20,720 --> 00:07:23,200 Speaker 1: it out, you know, with us, with like America having 113 00:07:23,240 --> 00:07:26,400 Speaker 1: like Plessy versus Ferguson and like the one drop, you know, 114 00:07:26,440 --> 00:07:28,440 Speaker 1: the one drop, you know what I'm saying, and like 115 00:07:28,720 --> 00:07:32,560 Speaker 1: whereas like that don't exist nowhere else, you know, and 116 00:07:32,640 --> 00:07:35,800 Speaker 1: like everyone else going well, what do you mean, you know, 117 00:07:35,800 --> 00:07:40,560 Speaker 1: and how colorism sort of like ruled in Central and 118 00:07:40,760 --> 00:07:44,240 Speaker 1: in South and Latin America. Uh. But and and then 119 00:07:44,360 --> 00:07:47,400 Speaker 1: and then places like this that figured out like well 120 00:07:47,440 --> 00:07:51,600 Speaker 1: there there's something else, you know, it's something else. You know, 121 00:07:51,720 --> 00:07:54,559 Speaker 1: there's still a lot of racism against totally these people, 122 00:07:54,600 --> 00:07:56,640 Speaker 1: but it is and they have a lot more rights, 123 00:07:56,760 --> 00:07:59,000 Speaker 1: and like yeah, we'll talk, We're about to talk. Yeah. Yeah. 124 00:07:59,040 --> 00:08:03,040 Speaker 1: So French transported more enslaved people to send them aang 125 00:08:03,440 --> 00:08:07,559 Speaker 1: their colony than to any other part of the French Caribbean. Now, again, 126 00:08:07,600 --> 00:08:09,800 Speaker 1: as we were talking about enslave owning regions of the US, 127 00:08:09,880 --> 00:08:11,960 Speaker 1: the racial cast system was very simple. You've got the 128 00:08:12,000 --> 00:08:14,320 Speaker 1: one drop rule for a big chunk of that time, 129 00:08:14,320 --> 00:08:16,600 Speaker 1: you're either white or you're black. Uh. And in many 130 00:08:16,680 --> 00:08:19,080 Speaker 1: slave states, even if a black person was freed, it 131 00:08:19,200 --> 00:08:21,520 Speaker 1: was illegal for them to continue to live in that state. 132 00:08:21,560 --> 00:08:23,160 Speaker 1: I think that was the case in Virginia, number of 133 00:08:23,200 --> 00:08:26,880 Speaker 1: other places. French Haiti was different. While the right status 134 00:08:26,960 --> 00:08:30,600 Speaker 1: of of black people changed over time, from an early point, 135 00:08:30,720 --> 00:08:33,800 Speaker 1: free mulattos were able to accrue significant wealth and power. 136 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:37,000 Speaker 1: And we don't use the term mulatto here anymore, but 137 00:08:37,080 --> 00:08:39,480 Speaker 1: it is you can't really talk about Haiti without using 138 00:08:39,480 --> 00:08:41,600 Speaker 1: it because it's a huge chunk of the history and 139 00:08:41,640 --> 00:08:45,480 Speaker 1: the and the um um and the culture there. So 140 00:08:45,520 --> 00:08:48,080 Speaker 1: at the top of the hierarchy, you would have the 141 00:08:48,120 --> 00:08:51,320 Speaker 1: big whites, which are your standard white plantation rich white 142 00:08:51,320 --> 00:08:53,240 Speaker 1: plantation owners, and that is the same kind of dude. 143 00:08:53,240 --> 00:08:55,440 Speaker 1: So we've got all throughout the US South, right, the 144 00:08:55,480 --> 00:08:58,040 Speaker 1: guys who make a confederacy happen. Then you have the 145 00:08:58,080 --> 00:09:01,199 Speaker 1: little whites, which we'd we'd call like working class white people. 146 00:09:01,240 --> 00:09:03,840 Speaker 1: They don't own plantations, and most maybe they have a 147 00:09:03,840 --> 00:09:06,280 Speaker 1: small farm, they probably don't own slaves. If they do, 148 00:09:06,400 --> 00:09:10,199 Speaker 1: it's a small number um. And they kind of vied 149 00:09:10,280 --> 00:09:13,000 Speaker 1: with the mixed race people for second billing in the 150 00:09:13,040 --> 00:09:16,280 Speaker 1: power hierarchy, which is obviously great for the big whites, right, 151 00:09:16,559 --> 00:09:19,160 Speaker 1: because if you're the big whites, you're worried about the 152 00:09:19,160 --> 00:09:21,640 Speaker 1: little whites because they want your ship um. And you've 153 00:09:21,679 --> 00:09:24,120 Speaker 1: also got this other group of people who have accrued power. 154 00:09:24,160 --> 00:09:26,240 Speaker 1: So if you can have those two groups who are 155 00:09:26,320 --> 00:09:29,480 Speaker 1: kind of both broadly speaking, we wouldn't call it middle 156 00:09:29,480 --> 00:09:31,400 Speaker 1: class in the modern sense, but kind of within that 157 00:09:31,480 --> 00:09:34,280 Speaker 1: like are kind of like the middle middle cast. Yeah, 158 00:09:34,480 --> 00:09:37,160 Speaker 1: noddle cast. If you've got them at each other's throats, 159 00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:39,440 Speaker 1: you the big whites don't think you have to worry 160 00:09:39,440 --> 00:09:41,520 Speaker 1: about as much. Now, that doesn't work out in the 161 00:09:41,559 --> 00:09:44,160 Speaker 1: long run for the big whites because as they all 162 00:09:44,200 --> 00:09:47,400 Speaker 1: get murdered. Um, which is rad It's one of the 163 00:09:47,440 --> 00:09:50,640 Speaker 1: fun parts of the story. So there's so much about 164 00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:55,880 Speaker 1: history where you're just like, yeah, yeah, that happened. But 165 00:09:55,960 --> 00:09:58,160 Speaker 1: that is the idea, right, You've got these two groups 166 00:09:58,160 --> 00:10:00,200 Speaker 1: to keep met eas others throats, And I'm simplif ying 167 00:10:00,240 --> 00:10:03,760 Speaker 1: all this significantly. Um. There's a great podcast series called 168 00:10:03,800 --> 00:10:06,600 Speaker 1: Revolutions by Mike Duncan, and he gives like a thirty 169 00:10:06,679 --> 00:10:10,800 Speaker 1: episodes history of the Haitian revolutions because there's a bunch 170 00:10:10,800 --> 00:10:13,839 Speaker 1: of goes into tremendous detail, um and does a much 171 00:10:13,880 --> 00:10:17,920 Speaker 1: better job. Obviously, we are like criminally simplifying things here, 172 00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:20,440 Speaker 1: but like that's that's the broad I think that's pretty 173 00:10:20,440 --> 00:10:24,960 Speaker 1: accurate to the broad strokes of it. Um. So the 174 00:10:25,080 --> 00:10:28,040 Speaker 1: gist of how this story goes is that over the decades, 175 00:10:28,080 --> 00:10:30,719 Speaker 1: the fact that the majority of the island's population were 176 00:10:30,800 --> 00:10:34,440 Speaker 1: enslaved under brutal conditions led to a series of revolutions. 177 00:10:34,760 --> 00:10:37,320 Speaker 1: The enslaved blacks killed an awful lot of the big 178 00:10:37,360 --> 00:10:39,319 Speaker 1: whites and the little whites, but they also went after 179 00:10:39,400 --> 00:10:42,480 Speaker 1: mulatto property owners too, because they rightly saw these people 180 00:10:42,480 --> 00:10:45,679 Speaker 1: as oppressors to um. And there's other like they're like 181 00:10:45,720 --> 00:10:48,680 Speaker 1: the kind of mixed race community has their own sort 182 00:10:48,679 --> 00:10:51,000 Speaker 1: of movements and their own militia. Like there's this. It's 183 00:10:51,000 --> 00:10:53,520 Speaker 1: a whole process, and it it occurs over a long 184 00:10:53,559 --> 00:10:56,760 Speaker 1: period of time. It started. The kind of series of 185 00:10:56,800 --> 00:11:00,280 Speaker 1: revolutions started when small numbers of slaves began escape into 186 00:11:00,320 --> 00:11:04,280 Speaker 1: the Mountainous Island interior, where they became known as maroons. 187 00:11:04,320 --> 00:11:06,360 Speaker 1: Like the term maroon, you know, that's I think that's 188 00:11:06,360 --> 00:11:09,560 Speaker 1: where it comes from. I mean also has a side note. 189 00:11:09,600 --> 00:11:11,320 Speaker 1: I don't know if you got if you if this 190 00:11:11,400 --> 00:11:12,920 Speaker 1: came up or it's going to come up later, but 191 00:11:13,120 --> 00:11:18,160 Speaker 1: the concept of a zombie is from Haitian slaves. Yeah, 192 00:11:18,320 --> 00:11:20,079 Speaker 1: we're going to get into that a lot. Like, yeah, 193 00:11:20,120 --> 00:11:21,720 Speaker 1: we do have to talk about voodoo a bit because 194 00:11:21,720 --> 00:11:26,120 Speaker 1: it's a really significant chunk of yeah. Yeah. Um, Now, 195 00:11:26,320 --> 00:11:29,720 Speaker 1: the Maroons, these escaped slaves in the Mountainous interior, developed 196 00:11:29,720 --> 00:11:32,400 Speaker 1: their own self sufficient society and they wage a slow 197 00:11:32,440 --> 00:11:35,200 Speaker 1: guerilla war against colonial militias. There's a couple of big 198 00:11:35,280 --> 00:11:38,439 Speaker 1: kind of outbursts of this. From seventeen fifty one to 199 00:11:38,520 --> 00:11:42,200 Speaker 1: seventeen fifty seven France, Swim Makandal, who was the most 200 00:11:42,240 --> 00:11:44,920 Speaker 1: famous Maroon leader, let his six year long insurgent war 201 00:11:44,960 --> 00:11:48,480 Speaker 1: to try to overthrow the white slavers. Alongside Maroon guerrillas, 202 00:11:48,520 --> 00:11:51,800 Speaker 1: the most prominent form of black resistance in Haiti became voodoo, 203 00:11:52,040 --> 00:11:55,400 Speaker 1: which was a slave religion whose practice was forbidden by law. 204 00:11:56,080 --> 00:11:59,280 Speaker 1: Uh and there was a bunch of different like suicide 205 00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:02,200 Speaker 1: and fantasy, i'd arson, poison. These are all aspects of 206 00:12:02,200 --> 00:12:04,400 Speaker 1: the faith and I think in some cases like denying 207 00:12:04,480 --> 00:12:07,960 Speaker 1: your body to being exploded by slavers, and they also 208 00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:11,480 Speaker 1: become elements of resistance to the regime. And again there's 209 00:12:11,480 --> 00:12:13,679 Speaker 1: a lot of history there that we're not going to 210 00:12:13,760 --> 00:12:15,800 Speaker 1: be giving a proper do but it is fascinating. But 211 00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:20,160 Speaker 1: but voodoo has this, it's it's rooted in resistance to 212 00:12:20,360 --> 00:12:23,920 Speaker 1: this this in human regime and a and a throwback 213 00:12:24,000 --> 00:12:28,760 Speaker 1: to your African history and animus of like I'm just 214 00:12:28,880 --> 00:12:30,920 Speaker 1: yeah that the act of resistance. I think it's super 215 00:12:30,960 --> 00:12:34,960 Speaker 1: interesting and it's funny how uh even among sort of 216 00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:40,760 Speaker 1: the black diaspora, like your your your American slave descendant 217 00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:43,760 Speaker 1: versus your Caribbean whether they're Jamaican or Haitian or be 218 00:12:43,840 --> 00:12:47,880 Speaker 1: easy and like even this like you know, I'm doing 219 00:12:47,920 --> 00:12:51,320 Speaker 1: this injustice too, but like they they feel as though, 220 00:12:51,360 --> 00:12:53,080 Speaker 1: like in a lot of ways they're tied to that, 221 00:12:53,480 --> 00:12:58,199 Speaker 1: to to their to their animous faith and they're not 222 00:12:58,360 --> 00:13:01,000 Speaker 1: willingness to and they're no, we need to overthrow their 223 00:13:01,000 --> 00:13:04,360 Speaker 1: oppressors in some ways, like you know, and and the 224 00:13:04,440 --> 00:13:09,160 Speaker 1: lowest debased versions of us made made that community feel 225 00:13:09,200 --> 00:13:13,000 Speaker 1: as though they were stronger than like American black people, 226 00:13:13,040 --> 00:13:14,880 Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying, because they threw their oppressors 227 00:13:14,920 --> 00:13:19,720 Speaker 1: off and they didn't lose hold of their their animous 228 00:13:19,760 --> 00:13:23,080 Speaker 1: traditions like they rebelled. We didn't, you know what I'm saying. 229 00:13:23,400 --> 00:13:26,360 Speaker 1: And um and and in the reverse, it's like black 230 00:13:26,360 --> 00:13:29,800 Speaker 1: people from America American descent, it's looked at them, it's like, well, 231 00:13:29,880 --> 00:13:32,640 Speaker 1: y'all are something else, like y'all, well, yeah, y'all or 232 00:13:32,679 --> 00:13:35,520 Speaker 1: something else you're you're we're not the same, rather than 233 00:13:35,520 --> 00:13:37,920 Speaker 1: being like now you just got off the boat earlier 234 00:13:37,920 --> 00:13:40,920 Speaker 1: than us. And you know what I'm saying, it's really 235 00:13:40,960 --> 00:13:43,720 Speaker 1: interesting is some of those like sort of like in 236 00:13:43,840 --> 00:13:46,880 Speaker 1: house sort of issues that like, hey, we gotta be 237 00:13:46,880 --> 00:13:49,720 Speaker 1: better and really understand the diaspora much better to be 238 00:13:49,800 --> 00:13:52,000 Speaker 1: like they're just as black as we are. They just 239 00:13:52,080 --> 00:13:53,720 Speaker 1: like I said, you just got off the boat earlier, 240 00:13:53,760 --> 00:13:56,640 Speaker 1: you know, And it's it's it's you know, another area 241 00:13:56,720 --> 00:13:59,760 Speaker 1: where this becomes specifically, voodoo becomes kind of an issue 242 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:03,480 Speaker 1: as these dictators who have to talk about today um 243 00:14:03,720 --> 00:14:06,480 Speaker 1: really use there's kind of I think debate over how 244 00:14:06,679 --> 00:14:09,679 Speaker 1: actually into the practice of it they are, but they 245 00:14:09,840 --> 00:14:12,800 Speaker 1: use it um and it becomes kind of this it's 246 00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:15,439 Speaker 1: used as fuel in like the media covering them is like, oh, 247 00:14:15,480 --> 00:14:19,160 Speaker 1: look at these these dangerous third world lunatics and there 248 00:14:19,200 --> 00:14:22,640 Speaker 1: and there, and they're creepy you know, witchcraft and stuff. 249 00:14:22,640 --> 00:14:25,560 Speaker 1: And the reality is that these dictators are co opting 250 00:14:25,640 --> 00:14:28,680 Speaker 1: voodoo because it has this powerful tradition as a as 251 00:14:28,680 --> 00:14:31,120 Speaker 1: a resistance religion, like you have to, you have to. 252 00:14:31,760 --> 00:14:35,040 Speaker 1: It's it's it's not wildly different from like, well, I 253 00:14:35,080 --> 00:14:37,800 Speaker 1: mean there are aspects of it that are similar from 254 00:14:37,800 --> 00:14:40,840 Speaker 1: like politicians in the US South kind of co opting 255 00:14:40,880 --> 00:14:44,240 Speaker 1: aspects of like revolutionary history totally um and trying to 256 00:14:44,280 --> 00:14:46,480 Speaker 1: turn it towards their own political ends and getting a 257 00:14:46,560 --> 00:14:48,320 Speaker 1: lot of it wrong. But it's because it has this 258 00:14:48,400 --> 00:14:53,840 Speaker 1: powerful hold on people's um consciousness. UM. So voodoo is 259 00:14:53,840 --> 00:14:58,720 Speaker 1: a huge aspect of religion or of resistance as well. UM. 260 00:14:58,760 --> 00:15:01,320 Speaker 1: And Yeah, at the same time time this is all 261 00:15:01,360 --> 00:15:04,240 Speaker 1: going on, You've got again, you've got this mixed race 262 00:15:04,280 --> 00:15:06,680 Speaker 1: community who actually has some political power and who has 263 00:15:06,720 --> 00:15:10,120 Speaker 1: some wealth. And they're not they they are these the 264 00:15:10,800 --> 00:15:13,920 Speaker 1: black slaves are not really connected to the rest of 265 00:15:13,920 --> 00:15:16,520 Speaker 1: of the French Empire because they're stuck on this island. 266 00:15:16,560 --> 00:15:19,080 Speaker 1: They have no rights. But these mixed race people are 267 00:15:19,120 --> 00:15:21,280 Speaker 1: a part of the larger empire and they get to 268 00:15:21,320 --> 00:15:23,800 Speaker 1: go back to France. Um, they get to do a 269 00:15:23,880 --> 00:15:26,000 Speaker 1: number of things that are they are participating in this 270 00:15:26,120 --> 00:15:29,560 Speaker 1: broader empire. Several hundred of them joined the Royal French 271 00:15:29,680 --> 00:15:33,320 Speaker 1: Army In seventeen seventy nine, Haitian mixed race people travel 272 00:15:33,400 --> 00:15:36,640 Speaker 1: to North America and fight in the American Revolutionary War. 273 00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:41,000 Speaker 1: They take part in the Siege of Savannah, Georgia. UM. 274 00:15:41,040 --> 00:15:43,600 Speaker 1: And these guys, a lot of them are very inspired 275 00:15:43,680 --> 00:15:46,880 Speaker 1: by the American Revolution and these ideas of what democracy 276 00:15:46,920 --> 00:15:49,640 Speaker 1: could be. UM. At the same time as they're inspired 277 00:15:49,680 --> 00:15:52,240 Speaker 1: by some of like the promise of the American Revolution, 278 00:15:52,280 --> 00:15:55,640 Speaker 1: they're deeply frustrated by the racism they experience in the 279 00:15:55,680 --> 00:16:00,760 Speaker 1: new United States and from their their white French officers. UM. 280 00:16:00,800 --> 00:16:03,480 Speaker 1: And this kind of leads to after the French Revolution, 281 00:16:03,520 --> 00:16:05,600 Speaker 1: because right, the French help us out with our revolution, 282 00:16:05,640 --> 00:16:08,240 Speaker 1: then they have their own revolution. Suddenly they've got these 283 00:16:08,240 --> 00:16:12,040 Speaker 1: people's assemblies and a democracy, the guillotine stuff, YadA, YadA, YadA. 284 00:16:12,080 --> 00:16:16,880 Speaker 1: After this point, after that point, um, mixed race. You know, 285 00:16:17,480 --> 00:16:20,480 Speaker 1: people from Haiti start increasingly coming over to France and 286 00:16:20,520 --> 00:16:24,560 Speaker 1: agitating for equal rights within the Parisian Citizens Assembly, because 287 00:16:25,720 --> 00:16:27,840 Speaker 1: this part of the revolution was this idea that all 288 00:16:27,920 --> 00:16:30,520 Speaker 1: men have equal rights. And so these people who are 289 00:16:30,560 --> 00:16:33,240 Speaker 1: not white from French possessions start coming to Paris and 290 00:16:33,280 --> 00:16:37,720 Speaker 1: being like, well, all right, right, that's pretty cool with 291 00:16:37,800 --> 00:16:40,520 Speaker 1: you guys, said remember you guys said that. And the 292 00:16:40,560 --> 00:16:43,440 Speaker 1: history of this is complex because a number of these, 293 00:16:43,520 --> 00:16:45,520 Speaker 1: you know, these mulatto guys also were like, well, but 294 00:16:45,520 --> 00:16:48,400 Speaker 1: obviously these black slaves don't get rights because I own 295 00:16:48,520 --> 00:16:50,280 Speaker 1: some of them. In some cases, some of them are 296 00:16:50,400 --> 00:16:54,160 Speaker 1: very much for completely like it's it's again. This is like, 297 00:16:54,280 --> 00:16:56,720 Speaker 1: there's a lot of really complex history here. Yeah. Um, 298 00:16:56,760 --> 00:16:58,760 Speaker 1: I'm gonna quote from a rite up by the University 299 00:16:58,760 --> 00:17:02,240 Speaker 1: of Texas. The impact of the revolution reached San Domag, 300 00:17:02,520 --> 00:17:06,320 Speaker 1: escalating tensions between grounds blancs, big whites, the elites, plantation 301 00:17:06,400 --> 00:17:09,040 Speaker 1: owners and the like petit blancs, the little whites and 302 00:17:09,160 --> 00:17:12,760 Speaker 1: the free people of color. Uh. Big whites wanted local 303 00:17:12,800 --> 00:17:16,800 Speaker 1: autonomy from France, Mulatto saw their chance for citizenship and equality, 304 00:17:17,080 --> 00:17:19,359 Speaker 1: and little whites were eager to protect their position in 305 00:17:19,359 --> 00:17:22,280 Speaker 1: the color based class system. All of these groups were 306 00:17:22,320 --> 00:17:25,719 Speaker 1: against freeing the slaves. Amid all this in fighting, the slaves, 307 00:17:25,720 --> 00:17:28,200 Speaker 1: who outnumbered the free population more than ten to one, 308 00:17:28,320 --> 00:17:31,720 Speaker 1: began to organize why was liberty and equality not meant 309 00:17:31,760 --> 00:17:35,600 Speaker 1: for them as well? In August, the rebellion began with 310 00:17:35,640 --> 00:17:38,000 Speaker 1: a voodoo priest predicting that a revolt would free the 311 00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:41,440 Speaker 1: slaves of San domg. The slaves set about burning plantations 312 00:17:41,480 --> 00:17:44,160 Speaker 1: and killing all of the whites they encountered. Sant Doman 313 00:17:44,359 --> 00:17:47,720 Speaker 1: was an inferno for months the revolution had begun. During 314 00:17:47,720 --> 00:17:50,760 Speaker 1: the following two years, the attacks continued and eventually France 315 00:17:50,800 --> 00:17:54,639 Speaker 1: sent agents to try to quell the uprising. In see 316 00:17:54,920 --> 00:17:58,520 Speaker 1: the remarkable Toissant Levature, a former slave rose to power. 317 00:17:58,960 --> 00:18:02,560 Speaker 1: Lovature battle French, Spanish and British forces and by eighteen 318 00:18:02,560 --> 00:18:05,280 Speaker 1: o one head control of Santo Domingo, the current day 319 00:18:05,280 --> 00:18:10,440 Speaker 1: Dominican Republic, where he eradicated slavery. Um Man, could you imagine, 320 00:18:11,560 --> 00:18:15,640 Speaker 1: I mean, thank god the phrase big whites didn't make 321 00:18:15,680 --> 00:18:20,800 Speaker 1: it into America. Yeah, could you imagine if that was 322 00:18:20,920 --> 00:18:25,399 Speaker 1: in our lexicon? Just how just just think about the 323 00:18:25,480 --> 00:18:28,000 Speaker 1: last twenty Just think about the last year in your 324 00:18:28,040 --> 00:18:32,959 Speaker 1: time in Portland's fighting. When I you know, when I 325 00:18:33,000 --> 00:18:36,280 Speaker 1: hear the phrase big whites associated with the United States, 326 00:18:36,320 --> 00:18:39,200 Speaker 1: one guy's picture pops into my fucking head and it's 327 00:18:39,280 --> 00:18:41,560 Speaker 1: Mark McCloskey, the guy with the a R fifteen and 328 00:18:41,600 --> 00:18:47,520 Speaker 1: his mansion, And immediate like, yeah, that's exactly that guy. 329 00:18:47,920 --> 00:18:50,840 Speaker 1: A version of that guy got burnt to death by 330 00:18:50,880 --> 00:18:59,680 Speaker 1: Haitian revolutionists. You see that, See that dude's rally with 331 00:19:00,040 --> 00:19:05,840 Speaker 1: teen people showed up. He is cut out, he's waving 332 00:19:05,960 --> 00:19:09,719 Speaker 1: his gun, which by the way, didn't have sights. So 333 00:19:10,640 --> 00:19:14,600 Speaker 1: if you don't put modern a rs usually don't come 334 00:19:14,600 --> 00:19:16,920 Speaker 1: with sights on them, because you can install a variety 335 00:19:16,920 --> 00:19:18,720 Speaker 1: of optics, and sites might get in the way of 336 00:19:18,760 --> 00:19:21,920 Speaker 1: some more advanced optics. You don't necessarily have iron sights, 337 00:19:21,960 --> 00:19:24,560 Speaker 1: but you need some sort of sights otherwise you can't 338 00:19:24,600 --> 00:19:28,760 Speaker 1: aim the gun, which means he essentially had like a blunderbuss, 339 00:19:28,760 --> 00:19:30,919 Speaker 1: like he had a weapon. He could not have aimed 340 00:19:31,200 --> 00:19:36,879 Speaker 1: a damn toy. You're playing around throngs of fans. Yeah 341 00:19:37,119 --> 00:19:39,800 Speaker 1: you could. You couldn't shoot someone attacking you, but you 342 00:19:39,800 --> 00:19:42,560 Speaker 1: could fire bullets in their broad direction and hit a 343 00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:46,720 Speaker 1: variety of other things. Um, yeah, it's yeah, big whites, 344 00:19:46,840 --> 00:19:51,560 Speaker 1: that big whites, that guy. Yea. So the Haitian revolution 345 00:19:51,600 --> 00:19:53,280 Speaker 1: there were you know, some of the inspiration was the 346 00:19:53,400 --> 00:19:56,400 Speaker 1: ideas of liberty and equality proposed by revolutionaries in North 347 00:19:56,440 --> 00:19:59,480 Speaker 1: American in France. But a lot of these same revolutionaries, 348 00:19:59,480 --> 00:20:02,679 Speaker 1: these white evolutionaries, are horrified by what happened in Haiti 349 00:20:02,720 --> 00:20:07,080 Speaker 1: because they're all galloping racists, right. The Haitian revolutionaries massacred 350 00:20:07,119 --> 00:20:11,120 Speaker 1: a ton of white people, particularly plantation owners and their families, 351 00:20:11,160 --> 00:20:15,240 Speaker 1: which good for them. Uh. This bloodshed was often horrifying, 352 00:20:15,320 --> 00:20:19,200 Speaker 1: But obviously, if you're enslaving people and making them heritable property. 353 00:20:19,400 --> 00:20:21,359 Speaker 1: You can't be surprised if they murder you and your 354 00:20:21,400 --> 00:20:25,440 Speaker 1: kids when they get the chance. I mean, Thomas Jefferson 355 00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:30,680 Speaker 1: expressed that he's like, uh, if they ever get guns, Yeah, 356 00:20:30,800 --> 00:20:32,720 Speaker 1: they are not going to treat us. I'm not going 357 00:20:32,760 --> 00:20:36,080 Speaker 1: to treat us kindly. Yeah. It's the same attitude like 358 00:20:36,119 --> 00:20:38,000 Speaker 1: you have about the morality if I don't know the 359 00:20:38,080 --> 00:20:42,480 Speaker 1: execution of the czars and their family and revolutionary Russer 360 00:20:42,560 --> 00:20:45,040 Speaker 1: where it's like, on one hand, no, of course, children 361 00:20:45,080 --> 00:20:48,119 Speaker 1: are always innocent and can't be held accountable for the 362 00:20:48,200 --> 00:20:50,720 Speaker 1: crimes of their parents, even if their parents is the regent. 363 00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:53,919 Speaker 1: At the same time, if you grew up property of 364 00:20:53,960 --> 00:20:56,840 Speaker 1: this family, and you can say that in a way 365 00:20:56,920 --> 00:20:58,879 Speaker 1: like all of the citizens of the Csars were just 366 00:20:59,440 --> 00:21:00,960 Speaker 1: I can't lame you for being like, well, we just 367 00:21:01,000 --> 00:21:03,520 Speaker 1: gotta get rid of all this out like you can. 368 00:21:04,040 --> 00:21:07,000 Speaker 1: It's a cancer. It's not a good thing to do, 369 00:21:07,240 --> 00:21:10,920 Speaker 1: but it's an understandable to make given the situation these 370 00:21:10,920 --> 00:21:13,760 Speaker 1: people were put in, which is impot The situation they 371 00:21:13,800 --> 00:21:16,679 Speaker 1: were put in made a reasonable response of any kind impossible. 372 00:21:16,800 --> 00:21:20,040 Speaker 1: They had to do what they had to do. Um, Now, 373 00:21:20,119 --> 00:21:23,400 Speaker 1: the reason why to Sauant fought basically every major European 374 00:21:23,400 --> 00:21:26,280 Speaker 1: power and this guy we may we may talk about 375 00:21:26,359 --> 00:21:29,240 Speaker 1: him for fucking a Christmas even even amazing. Man. Again, yeah, 376 00:21:29,240 --> 00:21:34,119 Speaker 1: I was gonna say, like his solutions. This motherfucker is illiterate, 377 00:21:34,520 --> 00:21:37,439 Speaker 1: like he's aborted, like he doesn't know how to read. 378 00:21:38,000 --> 00:21:41,200 Speaker 1: And he creates an army from nothing out of people 379 00:21:41,240 --> 00:21:44,920 Speaker 1: who also had no formal education in many cases and 380 00:21:44,960 --> 00:21:47,800 Speaker 1: who are basically just stealing weapons that they that they 381 00:21:47,840 --> 00:21:51,119 Speaker 1: find and learning on the go how to be an army. 382 00:21:51,280 --> 00:21:55,200 Speaker 1: And he beats all of the major world powers. Now 383 00:21:55,359 --> 00:21:57,520 Speaker 1: he has helped by the fact that it is really 384 00:21:57,560 --> 00:22:00,119 Speaker 1: hard for white armies to function in Haiti because they 385 00:22:00,119 --> 00:22:03,080 Speaker 1: don't have immunity to like malaria and ship Obviously that helps. 386 00:22:04,359 --> 00:22:08,760 Speaker 1: He's an impressive dude. Yeah. Yeah. And the reason why 387 00:22:08,800 --> 00:22:11,719 Speaker 1: all of these European powers get involved, because kind of 388 00:22:11,760 --> 00:22:15,760 Speaker 1: everybody winds up rolling into Haiti during this period, is 389 00:22:15,800 --> 00:22:18,080 Speaker 1: because in part because they see the Haitian revolution as 390 00:22:18,119 --> 00:22:22,040 Speaker 1: a threat to white domination tale man. Yeah yeah. And 391 00:22:22,280 --> 00:22:25,080 Speaker 1: it's very complicated because like the British are actually fighting 392 00:22:25,160 --> 00:22:28,840 Speaker 1: France at this same time, um, and they get involved 393 00:22:28,840 --> 00:22:31,399 Speaker 1: in Haiti because they back the independence desires of the 394 00:22:31,400 --> 00:22:33,240 Speaker 1: big whites. Because the big whites are like, I don't 395 00:22:33,280 --> 00:22:35,240 Speaker 1: like this whole idea about the declaration of the rights 396 00:22:35,240 --> 00:22:36,760 Speaker 1: a man. That seems like it could lead to an 397 00:22:36,760 --> 00:22:39,440 Speaker 1: into slavery at some point, which is why I have money. 398 00:22:39,480 --> 00:22:44,080 Speaker 1: So the British, who will not much after this enslavery 399 00:22:44,160 --> 00:22:46,760 Speaker 1: in their own empire officially are like, we will support 400 00:22:46,800 --> 00:22:49,280 Speaker 1: you guys because it will hurt the French government. Um 401 00:22:49,359 --> 00:22:52,000 Speaker 1: and we'll let you keep your racial dominance over Haiti 402 00:22:52,080 --> 00:22:55,120 Speaker 1: if we win this war. Um. So, England basically sends 403 00:22:55,160 --> 00:22:57,440 Speaker 1: an army into Hispaniola in the hope that it would 404 00:22:57,480 --> 00:23:00,240 Speaker 1: defray the cost of losing their North American colin these 405 00:23:00,240 --> 00:23:03,000 Speaker 1: by giving them access to the products that are being 406 00:23:03,040 --> 00:23:06,479 Speaker 1: made in Haiti. And of course Toussant massacres English soldiers 407 00:23:06,520 --> 00:23:09,320 Speaker 1: as he had French and Spanish soldiers in sight. The 408 00:23:09,320 --> 00:23:12,800 Speaker 1: English commander in chief signed a treaty with General Tossant 409 00:23:12,800 --> 00:23:17,320 Speaker 1: and evacuated his soldiers in disgrace. Four years later, Napoleon 410 00:23:17,359 --> 00:23:20,080 Speaker 1: played at negotiating with Tossant and the new Haitian government. 411 00:23:20,359 --> 00:23:22,879 Speaker 1: He kidnapped the revolutionary leader and sent him to a 412 00:23:22,920 --> 00:23:26,280 Speaker 1: prison in this French Alps, where Toussant died. On the 413 00:23:26,320 --> 00:23:28,120 Speaker 1: eve of his death, he was said to have stated, 414 00:23:28,560 --> 00:23:31,280 Speaker 1: in overthrowing me, you have cut down and sandoming only 415 00:23:31,320 --> 00:23:33,160 Speaker 1: the trunk of the tree of liberty. It will spring 416 00:23:33,200 --> 00:23:35,040 Speaker 1: up again from the roots, for they are many and 417 00:23:35,080 --> 00:23:38,400 Speaker 1: they are deep um. And he was not wrong about that. 418 00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:41,520 Speaker 1: I do not retake hatie. And I'm going to quote 419 00:23:41,560 --> 00:23:43,960 Speaker 1: now for a book titled Haiti The de Voliers and 420 00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:48,200 Speaker 1: their Legacy by Elizabeth Abbott. Toussant's faith and the Haitian 421 00:23:48,200 --> 00:23:51,680 Speaker 1: people's determination was justified when Napoleon sent his brother in law, 422 00:23:51,760 --> 00:23:55,280 Speaker 1: General le Clerk, to fight a war of extermination. His 423 00:23:55,359 --> 00:23:59,800 Speaker 1: words against the Haitians follow your instructions exactly, Napoleon wrote, 424 00:23:59,800 --> 00:24:03,800 Speaker 1: and yourself of Toussaint Christophe de Selens and the principal brigands. 425 00:24:04,280 --> 00:24:07,720 Speaker 1: Napoleon instructed rid us of these gilded Africans, and we 426 00:24:07,800 --> 00:24:11,440 Speaker 1: have nothing more to wish. They're gilded, because they're they're 427 00:24:11,480 --> 00:24:14,080 Speaker 1: putting themselves up as equal to to white. Right, that's 428 00:24:14,080 --> 00:24:17,719 Speaker 1: what he means by gilded um. Against Aussant's generals, including 429 00:24:17,760 --> 00:24:20,680 Speaker 1: Desslines and Christophe le Clerk, fought a hopeless campaign which 430 00:24:20,720 --> 00:24:23,800 Speaker 1: lasted until November eighth, eighteen oh three, and cost the 431 00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:27,679 Speaker 1: French fifty thousand soldiers lives, with countless more wounded. We 432 00:24:27,840 --> 00:24:31,080 Speaker 1: have concluded le clerk glumly a false idea of the 433 00:24:31,160 --> 00:24:38,040 Speaker 1: Negro grossly underestimated. Yeah, we we didn't think these people 434 00:24:38,040 --> 00:24:41,520 Speaker 1: were as smart as us. Turns out they are. Turns 435 00:24:41,520 --> 00:24:46,200 Speaker 1: out they're just humans. Yeah, who knew they might be 436 00:24:46,200 --> 00:24:51,080 Speaker 1: better at war than us? Yes, um, at least war 437 00:24:51,160 --> 00:24:53,760 Speaker 1: in this place. They know very well, you know, French 438 00:24:53,760 --> 00:24:55,880 Speaker 1: are like, I think we discovered something that will later 439 00:24:55,960 --> 00:25:01,600 Speaker 1: be called home court advantage. Yeah, don't worry. Napoleon's government 440 00:25:01,640 --> 00:25:04,520 Speaker 1: would never again make the mistake of invading someone else 441 00:25:04,560 --> 00:25:08,520 Speaker 1: on their home tariff and getting read this is the 442 00:25:08,600 --> 00:25:13,080 Speaker 1: last time that happens to Yes, Napoleon learned is Oh 443 00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:15,200 Speaker 1: wait a minute, I'm just I'm checking the record here, 444 00:25:15,280 --> 00:25:22,359 Speaker 1: and maybe maybe we're wrong. Funny, you know, who else 445 00:25:22,600 --> 00:25:29,800 Speaker 1: never invades people's home countries. That's that's that's quite a 446 00:25:30,280 --> 00:25:34,160 Speaker 1: You don't know that, I mean, do not know that? Yeah, 447 00:25:34,200 --> 00:25:36,920 Speaker 1: you're right, you're right. I'm fairly certain none of our 448 00:25:37,080 --> 00:25:42,720 Speaker 1: sponsors have invaded Russia. Yes, yeah, that seems fair. That 449 00:25:42,800 --> 00:25:45,320 Speaker 1: seems fair to say because we are not currently sponsored 450 00:25:45,320 --> 00:25:49,000 Speaker 1: by Mercedes, right, this is true because if Mercedes throws 451 00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:52,760 Speaker 1: and ads, then yes, they have absolutely invaded Russia. I'm 452 00:25:52,840 --> 00:25:57,560 Speaker 1: aware of. But yeah, well we'll put a pin on that. 453 00:25:58,400 --> 00:26:02,120 Speaker 1: SOB too. I think I don't know whatever BMW for sure, 454 00:26:03,119 --> 00:26:07,119 Speaker 1: UH probably can't get any UM can't get any Hugo 455 00:26:07,160 --> 00:26:10,480 Speaker 1: boss ads either if we're really probably not if we're 456 00:26:10,480 --> 00:26:14,840 Speaker 1: going for hasn't invaded Russia? UM in a sponsor anyway, 457 00:26:14,880 --> 00:26:24,560 Speaker 1: We'll we'll figure it out. Okay, we're back. Okay. So 458 00:26:25,760 --> 00:26:30,720 Speaker 1: January one, eighteen o four, Sandoman proclaims its independence from France. Uh. 459 00:26:30,920 --> 00:26:33,560 Speaker 1: They adopt as the name of their new country an 460 00:26:33,600 --> 00:26:38,040 Speaker 1: ancient Uh indigenous Arawak name Haiti, which is where Haiti 461 00:26:38,119 --> 00:26:41,359 Speaker 1: comes from. So there's some acknowledgement there that like this 462 00:26:41,480 --> 00:26:44,439 Speaker 1: belonged to some other people before. Yeah. But at the 463 00:26:44,480 --> 00:26:47,000 Speaker 1: same time, they're not colonizers. They got forced there, right, 464 00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:52,840 Speaker 1: it wasn't um. Yeah, So they adopt this, and they 465 00:26:52,840 --> 00:26:55,960 Speaker 1: adopted as their flag the revolutionary tricolor, so the flag 466 00:26:56,000 --> 00:26:58,160 Speaker 1: that France had had, but they take the white out 467 00:26:58,160 --> 00:27:01,800 Speaker 1: of the French flag. Basically because as they represents them 468 00:27:01,840 --> 00:27:03,200 Speaker 1: the white man, right, they don't want that, and they're 469 00:27:03,240 --> 00:27:05,919 Speaker 1: fucking flag um. So a guy who had been one 470 00:27:05,960 --> 00:27:08,280 Speaker 1: of Toissaint's generals and who had helped beat the clerk, 471 00:27:08,560 --> 00:27:13,000 Speaker 1: general John Jacques Dessalines Um had himself declared emperor just 472 00:27:13,040 --> 00:27:16,600 Speaker 1: as Napoleon had uh. And the history of Haiti, which 473 00:27:16,880 --> 00:27:19,440 Speaker 1: was the world's first black republic, starts at this point 474 00:27:19,520 --> 00:27:22,359 Speaker 1: as like a government. So up to this point not 475 00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:24,960 Speaker 1: a bad direction, right, rough start with the slavery and 476 00:27:24,960 --> 00:27:27,800 Speaker 1: the genocide, but in the end, the better guys beat 477 00:27:27,800 --> 00:27:30,240 Speaker 1: the worst guys. They liberate themselves, and it's one of 478 00:27:30,280 --> 00:27:33,040 Speaker 1: the great stories in global revolutionary history. This is the 479 00:27:33,080 --> 00:27:37,880 Speaker 1: only time, um in modern history where a slave population 480 00:27:38,040 --> 00:27:41,800 Speaker 1: successfully rebels against their masters. They even are we going 481 00:27:41,840 --> 00:27:44,800 Speaker 1: to get into like some of the economic developments to 482 00:27:44,920 --> 00:27:46,800 Speaker 1: like how they put out how to okay cool, how 483 00:27:46,800 --> 00:27:50,160 Speaker 1: they figured out how to like subsidize income and like 484 00:27:50,200 --> 00:27:52,000 Speaker 1: all this good stuff. Oh no, no, no, we're going 485 00:27:52,040 --> 00:27:55,200 Speaker 1: to talk about how French the French. No. I don't 486 00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:57,040 Speaker 1: know much about the actual I mean, I I know 487 00:27:57,119 --> 00:27:58,919 Speaker 1: that there's a lot of people will argue that like 488 00:27:59,080 --> 00:28:01,800 Speaker 1: kind of the destruction of the plantations cost some some 489 00:28:01,840 --> 00:28:06,080 Speaker 1: economic issues. There's a lot of complications here we talk about. Okay, Yeah, 490 00:28:06,080 --> 00:28:07,960 Speaker 1: so there were some moves like I'm getting some of 491 00:28:08,000 --> 00:28:11,439 Speaker 1: the names and dates wrong because I haven't. I'd have 492 00:28:11,480 --> 00:28:13,680 Speaker 1: to brush up on it. But some of the moves 493 00:28:13,720 --> 00:28:17,600 Speaker 1: that they made was like, okay, um, first of all, 494 00:28:17,640 --> 00:28:20,200 Speaker 1: we already showed you that we could wipe you out, 495 00:28:20,760 --> 00:28:24,440 Speaker 1: but we do now since we burnt all our cash crops, 496 00:28:24,760 --> 00:28:27,720 Speaker 1: we need to figure out if y'all gonna stay, how 497 00:28:27,760 --> 00:28:30,040 Speaker 1: we're gonna subsidize our income here. So there was a 498 00:28:30,359 --> 00:28:34,960 Speaker 1: couple of economic incentives that after they overthrow them, after 499 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:38,960 Speaker 1: they overthrew their owners, they were like, okay, so but 500 00:28:39,080 --> 00:28:45,320 Speaker 1: we still need income and jobs. So here's y'all's role. Okay, 501 00:28:45,320 --> 00:28:47,720 Speaker 1: here's our role. Usually don't get his own us and 502 00:28:47,920 --> 00:28:50,080 Speaker 1: m so that yeah, like I said, I'm getting some 503 00:28:50,080 --> 00:28:52,760 Speaker 1: of the information wrong, but uh, there was there was 504 00:28:52,800 --> 00:28:55,920 Speaker 1: a few shrewd moves that this emperor does to like 505 00:28:56,400 --> 00:28:59,800 Speaker 1: stabilize their income for or stabilize their economy for a while. 506 00:29:00,040 --> 00:29:01,800 Speaker 1: That it goes to ship but yeah, yeah, and we're 507 00:29:01,840 --> 00:29:03,880 Speaker 1: we're going to talk about like kind of what goes 508 00:29:03,920 --> 00:29:06,800 Speaker 1: awry there. But Yeah, it's a promising start, right, some 509 00:29:06,800 --> 00:29:09,680 Speaker 1: some good moves, some good luck. But um, you know, 510 00:29:10,400 --> 00:29:14,280 Speaker 1: obviously today things are not great in Haiti, uh poor, 511 00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:16,680 Speaker 1: one of the poorest nations on the planet. The infrastructure 512 00:29:16,760 --> 00:29:18,600 Speaker 1: is pretty much in a constant state of free fall. 513 00:29:18,640 --> 00:29:22,480 Speaker 1: Their numerous endemic diseases and almost unimaginable corruption. And it 514 00:29:22,520 --> 00:29:26,000 Speaker 1: didn't just get that way by the naturally. This was 515 00:29:26,040 --> 00:29:28,200 Speaker 1: not the natural course of events. It was. It was 516 00:29:28,240 --> 00:29:31,800 Speaker 1: heavily manipulated. So let's start about talking by talking about 517 00:29:31,840 --> 00:29:34,720 Speaker 1: the USA's role and how we got here. So, as 518 00:29:34,760 --> 00:29:37,360 Speaker 1: a republic built on slavery, our founding fathers were very 519 00:29:37,360 --> 00:29:40,120 Speaker 1: frightened of Haiti, particularly the massacres of big whites in 520 00:29:40,160 --> 00:29:43,040 Speaker 1: eighteen o one and eighteen o two UM. Now, at 521 00:29:43,040 --> 00:29:45,000 Speaker 1: this point in time in the United States, the idea 522 00:29:45,040 --> 00:29:46,920 Speaker 1: that a black slave might want to be free was 523 00:29:46,960 --> 00:29:49,400 Speaker 1: seen as a mental illness. There was even a diagnosis 524 00:29:49,440 --> 00:29:54,080 Speaker 1: for drapetomania UM and they treated Haitian independence thus lee. 525 00:29:54,520 --> 00:29:57,160 Speaker 1: They consider a desire for freedom from an enslaved person 526 00:29:57,200 --> 00:29:59,560 Speaker 1: to be a mental illness. They consider Haitian independence to 527 00:29:59,600 --> 00:30:02,160 Speaker 1: be a kind of viral infection. So they want to 528 00:30:02,280 --> 00:30:06,520 Speaker 1: stop any contage any They want to stop any possibility 529 00:30:06,560 --> 00:30:08,840 Speaker 1: of it's spreading, right, that's what they see. What they 530 00:30:08,880 --> 00:30:12,280 Speaker 1: don't they don't see, oh hey, another people has overthrown 531 00:30:12,280 --> 00:30:15,840 Speaker 1: the chains of of of their colonial you know, owners 532 00:30:15,960 --> 00:30:19,320 Speaker 1: and become a republic. They see, oh, this is a threat. Um. 533 00:30:19,480 --> 00:30:22,000 Speaker 1: So when one Haitian veteran who had fought to liberate 534 00:30:22,040 --> 00:30:24,680 Speaker 1: the United States from Great Britain at the Battle of Savannah, 535 00:30:24,880 --> 00:30:27,640 Speaker 1: attempted to return to the country he had helped fought 536 00:30:27,720 --> 00:30:30,240 Speaker 1: to find and tried to land in Charleston, he was 537 00:30:30,280 --> 00:30:32,200 Speaker 1: denied the right to set foot on the soil he's 538 00:30:32,360 --> 00:30:35,480 Speaker 1: fought for. That's just one kind of example of how yeah, no, 539 00:30:35,600 --> 00:30:38,640 Speaker 1: you're dangerous. Yes, And of course he was obviously like, 540 00:30:38,720 --> 00:30:40,440 Speaker 1: this is a danger to them because it's a it's 541 00:30:40,480 --> 00:30:45,040 Speaker 1: a it's a country built on the human bondage um. 542 00:30:45,040 --> 00:30:49,360 Speaker 1: Thomas Jefferson, the great philosopher of liberty, slash rapist, child 543 00:30:49,480 --> 00:30:52,640 Speaker 1: rapist um, proposed that slaves convicted of crimes and remember, 544 00:30:52,680 --> 00:30:55,280 Speaker 1: wanting to be free was a crime, should be exiled 545 00:30:55,280 --> 00:30:58,040 Speaker 1: to haiti Um. And again his goal here is he 546 00:30:58,080 --> 00:31:01,040 Speaker 1: wants to quarantine the black desire for liberty. That's kind 547 00:31:01,040 --> 00:31:04,600 Speaker 1: of how Jefferson sees this. The most positive moment in 548 00:31:04,720 --> 00:31:09,160 Speaker 1: US Haitian relations came after Haiti's independence, but before Toussant's capture, 549 00:31:10,000 --> 00:31:12,280 Speaker 1: when Toussant found his new government locked in a civil 550 00:31:12,280 --> 00:31:17,200 Speaker 1: war with a Mulatto general named uh Regald Uh and 551 00:31:17,200 --> 00:31:20,120 Speaker 1: Regald was a mulatto supremacist who wanted to massacre all 552 00:31:20,160 --> 00:31:22,320 Speaker 1: the white people on the island and also re enslave 553 00:31:22,440 --> 00:31:25,440 Speaker 1: the black population. That's at least how to Sant framed 554 00:31:25,480 --> 00:31:28,080 Speaker 1: the problem this guy posed. In a letter he sent 555 00:31:28,120 --> 00:31:32,240 Speaker 1: to US President Adams requesting military aid, he wrote, quote, 556 00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:34,960 Speaker 1: Regard has has assassinated many whites, and this is but 557 00:31:35,080 --> 00:31:37,600 Speaker 1: the beginning of his hainous crimes. His criminal and atrocious 558 00:31:37,640 --> 00:31:40,600 Speaker 1: misdoings have left no alternative to the government agent but 559 00:31:40,640 --> 00:31:42,600 Speaker 1: to brand him as a lawless rebel and to muster 560 00:31:42,680 --> 00:31:46,000 Speaker 1: an army to punish his outrages. Now, the massacre of 561 00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:49,320 Speaker 1: white people justified the first U. S military intervention on 562 00:31:49,360 --> 00:31:51,880 Speaker 1: the island. We sent over some ships ammunition in two 563 00:31:51,960 --> 00:31:55,120 Speaker 1: thousand muskets. The aid played a meaningful role in allowing 564 00:31:55,200 --> 00:31:58,920 Speaker 1: Tossants government to smash Regard's rebellion. This would be the 565 00:31:59,000 --> 00:32:02,960 Speaker 1: only broadly positive move the US made towards Haiti um 566 00:32:03,000 --> 00:32:05,960 Speaker 1: after eighteen hundred when the US and France reconciled, because 567 00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:07,760 Speaker 1: we're having a bit of a tiff when we send 568 00:32:07,760 --> 00:32:11,400 Speaker 1: those rifles over, the official government policy towards Haiti grows 569 00:32:11,440 --> 00:32:14,080 Speaker 1: more hostile, and after the massacres of eighteen o one 570 00:32:14,080 --> 00:32:17,440 Speaker 1: eighteen to uh, the United States refuses to recognize the 571 00:32:17,480 --> 00:32:21,280 Speaker 1: Haitian government as independent. This was justified by the United 572 00:32:21,320 --> 00:32:24,320 Speaker 1: States and by everyone else because this is broadly speaking, 573 00:32:24,360 --> 00:32:27,880 Speaker 1: how most of the West handles Haitian independence, and it's 574 00:32:27,960 --> 00:32:30,960 Speaker 1: justified by them because the French had refused to acknowledge 575 00:32:31,000 --> 00:32:34,880 Speaker 1: Haitian independence. Now, France was like one of the big 576 00:32:34,920 --> 00:32:38,000 Speaker 1: world powers right then, and they're like the military power. 577 00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:41,479 Speaker 1: So acknowledging Haiti as its own thing is a dicey 578 00:32:41,560 --> 00:32:44,640 Speaker 1: thing diplomatically, right. You see versions of the same thing 579 00:32:44,680 --> 00:32:47,720 Speaker 1: today with fucking Taiwan and stuff. There's a constant like 580 00:32:48,080 --> 00:32:50,480 Speaker 1: do we recognize this country? Yeah, you can't acknowledge the 581 00:32:50,720 --> 00:32:53,360 Speaker 1: L Like, hey man, you know you took it. L's 582 00:32:53,440 --> 00:32:56,880 Speaker 1: like no, we didn't. No, that was different. Now we 583 00:32:57,000 --> 00:33:01,360 Speaker 1: don't count. Yeah, the US refuses to acknowledge like China, 584 00:33:01,480 --> 00:33:05,280 Speaker 1: the Chinese government for for years as the legit like 585 00:33:05,360 --> 00:33:07,560 Speaker 1: after the Civil War. Like we do this all the time, 586 00:33:07,640 --> 00:33:12,080 Speaker 1: is what I'm saying. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I love the 587 00:33:12,240 --> 00:33:15,240 Speaker 1: like yeah, like even just America being like we've never 588 00:33:15,280 --> 00:33:18,160 Speaker 1: lost a war, Like what about Vietnam. That was different, 589 00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:21,720 Speaker 1: That wasn't our war. That wasn't a war, because you 590 00:33:21,760 --> 00:33:24,360 Speaker 1: have to declare it, you know, you gotta go declare. 591 00:33:24,360 --> 00:33:28,920 Speaker 1: It's only if it comes from the from different. It's 592 00:33:28,960 --> 00:33:34,280 Speaker 1: just a sparkling conflict. Yeah that's different. Yeah. Yeah, so 593 00:33:34,400 --> 00:33:36,400 Speaker 1: it'd be like, nah, I don't know, I don't think. 594 00:33:36,440 --> 00:33:39,480 Speaker 1: I don't think eight's a country, Like yeah, fam, yes 595 00:33:39,520 --> 00:33:44,840 Speaker 1: they are, okay. Yeah. So the US fights another war 596 00:33:44,880 --> 00:33:47,680 Speaker 1: against Great Britain in eighteen twelve, and we rely heavily 597 00:33:47,680 --> 00:33:49,840 Speaker 1: on trade and aid from the French. So obviously there's 598 00:33:49,840 --> 00:33:52,440 Speaker 1: a there's a lot of vested interest in not recognizing 599 00:33:52,480 --> 00:33:55,640 Speaker 1: Haiti because we don't want to piss off France. As 600 00:33:55,640 --> 00:33:58,520 Speaker 1: a result from independence. From its independence up to about 601 00:33:58,520 --> 00:34:02,360 Speaker 1: eighteen five, Haiti is a pariah state. Uh. This enables 602 00:34:02,400 --> 00:34:05,440 Speaker 1: the first emperor of Haiti, de Selenes, to justify an 603 00:34:05,440 --> 00:34:08,719 Speaker 1: increasingly repressive regime. Haiti had nothing but enemies, and the 604 00:34:08,880 --> 00:34:11,560 Speaker 1: entire effort of the state was devoted towards maintaining a 605 00:34:11,680 --> 00:34:15,000 Speaker 1: huge army and a massive system of protective fortresses. Uh. 606 00:34:15,000 --> 00:34:18,120 Speaker 1: And Desoleines becomes basically a military dictator. And this is 607 00:34:18,320 --> 00:34:21,399 Speaker 1: again she she's got a point, right, Like they want 608 00:34:21,400 --> 00:34:23,160 Speaker 1: to they want to funk us up. They want to 609 00:34:23,160 --> 00:34:25,879 Speaker 1: take like us, they want to take our liberty back. 610 00:34:25,920 --> 00:34:28,080 Speaker 1: They want to take this island back. Like we have 611 00:34:28,160 --> 00:34:31,000 Speaker 1: to always be ready to fight. Um. The problem is 612 00:34:31,040 --> 00:34:33,200 Speaker 1: that when you base your whole society around that, it's 613 00:34:33,239 --> 00:34:37,840 Speaker 1: not the healthiest way under society. Yeah you can't, you can't. 614 00:34:37,880 --> 00:34:42,080 Speaker 1: That's not that's not sustainable. Yeah. Now, Desolines again, like 615 00:34:42,160 --> 00:34:45,759 Speaker 1: all of these kind of founding fathers, was illiterate and 616 00:34:45,960 --> 00:34:48,840 Speaker 1: was a like yeah, he comes from, you know, a 617 00:34:48,880 --> 00:34:51,760 Speaker 1: background where that was not education of much any formal 618 00:34:51,840 --> 00:34:54,000 Speaker 1: kind was not really an option. And as a result 619 00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:57,960 Speaker 1: of his influence, the military becomes dominated by black officers 620 00:34:57,960 --> 00:35:01,880 Speaker 1: who were like him, gen really illiterate former slaves. Meanwhile, 621 00:35:01,960 --> 00:35:05,880 Speaker 1: the civil administration of the Haitian government becomes dominated by Mulatto's, 622 00:35:05,920 --> 00:35:08,680 Speaker 1: most of whom had benefited from a better education, and 623 00:35:08,760 --> 00:35:11,760 Speaker 1: this contributes to the You've already got this really bloody 624 00:35:11,840 --> 00:35:14,680 Speaker 1: racial divide and this long history of fighting. And it 625 00:35:14,800 --> 00:35:21,080 Speaker 1: just after independence that divide doesn't get erased, um and 626 00:35:21,080 --> 00:35:24,840 Speaker 1: and Desolines leans into this divide. He massacred tens of 627 00:35:24,880 --> 00:35:27,719 Speaker 1: thousands of French civilians after independence. Uh and at the 628 00:35:27,760 --> 00:35:29,919 Speaker 1: same time he had massacred a lot of Mulatto saying 629 00:35:29,920 --> 00:35:32,919 Speaker 1: he couldn't tell the difference between them. In eighteen o four, 630 00:35:33,000 --> 00:35:35,040 Speaker 1: he declared, I will go to my grave happy we 631 00:35:35,080 --> 00:35:37,439 Speaker 1: have avenged our brothers. Haiti has become a blood red 632 00:35:37,440 --> 00:35:40,640 Speaker 1: spot on the face of the globe. Um. Now, of 633 00:35:40,680 --> 00:35:43,360 Speaker 1: course it was born in blood, right had he starts 634 00:35:43,400 --> 00:35:46,359 Speaker 1: as an act of labor genocide and is depopulated by 635 00:35:46,440 --> 00:35:50,880 Speaker 1: violent force. Desolines is not starting a process here, it's 636 00:35:50,920 --> 00:35:56,000 Speaker 1: just the natural continuation of that kind of violence. Um. Now. 637 00:35:56,040 --> 00:35:59,080 Speaker 1: That said later on in his reign, Desolines takes an 638 00:35:59,160 --> 00:36:02,120 Speaker 1: extra step to words. I think he saw it as 639 00:36:02,160 --> 00:36:05,080 Speaker 1: kind of an attempt to destroy these racial barriers. He 640 00:36:05,160 --> 00:36:09,120 Speaker 1: declared a policy of bronze ification um, which was his 641 00:36:09,200 --> 00:36:11,759 Speaker 1: goal was to destroy all distinctions of color on the 642 00:36:11,800 --> 00:36:15,560 Speaker 1: island by forced intermarriage of blacks and mulatto's. Uh. Now, 643 00:36:15,600 --> 00:36:19,920 Speaker 1: to start this process, he ordered a mulatto general, Alexandra Petition, 644 00:36:20,320 --> 00:36:24,080 Speaker 1: to marry his daughter sal Amine, who was, unbeknownst to him, 645 00:36:24,120 --> 00:36:27,120 Speaker 1: already pregnant. When he found out, he murdered her lover 646 00:36:27,560 --> 00:36:30,800 Speaker 1: and Pettian declined the marriage, and shortly thereafter Dessolens is 647 00:36:30,840 --> 00:36:35,880 Speaker 1: assassinated by an unknown group of assailants. Um it's still 648 00:36:36,040 --> 00:36:38,279 Speaker 1: why he was killed. Who exactly killed him is a 649 00:36:38,360 --> 00:36:40,920 Speaker 1: mystery in Haiti today. There's theories that he was murdered 650 00:36:40,920 --> 00:36:44,600 Speaker 1: by unpaid soldiers, that it was general Petition. What matters 651 00:36:44,719 --> 00:36:48,040 Speaker 1: more than the specifics of like who did the did 652 00:36:48,080 --> 00:36:51,200 Speaker 1: the deed, is that from the beginning, Haiti is burdened 653 00:36:51,239 --> 00:36:55,200 Speaker 1: by a history of authoritarian leaders, which again starts with 654 00:36:55,239 --> 00:36:58,360 Speaker 1: the white rulership of the colony and is burned by 655 00:36:58,360 --> 00:37:00,719 Speaker 1: a history of violent changes of power. Right it's born 656 00:37:00,760 --> 00:37:03,719 Speaker 1: in blood and that they don't break the cycle. Um 657 00:37:03,880 --> 00:37:06,760 Speaker 1: power would swing wildly over the next years between mulatto 658 00:37:06,880 --> 00:37:10,760 Speaker 1: and black generals, generally representing different geographic and racial chunks 659 00:37:10,760 --> 00:37:15,560 Speaker 1: of the island. Um the term it's so funny, it's like, well, 660 00:37:15,600 --> 00:37:19,800 Speaker 1: not funny, but the word bronze vocation. Just if you 661 00:37:19,920 --> 00:37:22,680 Speaker 1: just say, you're like, actually sounds kind of rad, Like 662 00:37:22,800 --> 00:37:24,960 Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying, Like if you just just 663 00:37:24,960 --> 00:37:28,680 Speaker 1: just the idea of like let's just get this like 664 00:37:29,520 --> 00:37:31,799 Speaker 1: that beautiful brown on people, you know what I'm saying, 665 00:37:31,840 --> 00:37:34,120 Speaker 1: Like it's kind of dope, you know. But then it's 666 00:37:34,120 --> 00:37:39,279 Speaker 1: still like you're still addressing this like scourge of a 667 00:37:39,480 --> 00:37:45,480 Speaker 1: racialized society that for multiple millennia we didn't have, you know, 668 00:37:45,680 --> 00:37:48,920 Speaker 1: and like in in in terms of a social construct 669 00:37:49,080 --> 00:37:53,960 Speaker 1: where it's like we just you dated regionally, you dated 670 00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:57,239 Speaker 1: tribally because this was like who was around, you know 671 00:37:57,280 --> 00:37:59,799 Speaker 1: what I'm saying. But once you started putting these like 672 00:38:00,520 --> 00:38:05,239 Speaker 1: rules around, you know, the phrenology and and the you know, 673 00:38:05,280 --> 00:38:08,600 Speaker 1: the the eugenics of the ship that like created this 674 00:38:08,719 --> 00:38:13,480 Speaker 1: like racial colorized cast that like has just become a scourge. 675 00:38:13,800 --> 00:38:16,520 Speaker 1: You just see how many attempts we've had to try 676 00:38:16,560 --> 00:38:20,359 Speaker 1: to undo this curse across across the cultures. And this 677 00:38:20,480 --> 00:38:24,719 Speaker 1: was just one of his thought was well, well, if 678 00:38:24,800 --> 00:38:28,480 Speaker 1: your kids is all, we'll look and we'll find you 679 00:38:28,640 --> 00:38:32,480 Speaker 1: somebody that's hot, It's that's fine, you know, and make 680 00:38:32,480 --> 00:38:35,799 Speaker 1: a baby with him. Like you can't be mad at 681 00:38:35,800 --> 00:38:38,759 Speaker 1: this little brown baby, could the baby look good? You know? 682 00:38:38,960 --> 00:38:41,920 Speaker 1: So you just I it's like you you're following the 683 00:38:42,080 --> 00:38:45,080 Speaker 1: logic and it's just but it's like being able to 684 00:38:45,080 --> 00:38:50,120 Speaker 1: step back and examine like damn, like just the racialization 685 00:38:50,440 --> 00:38:53,400 Speaker 1: of our world. Like, man, we're still trying to solve 686 00:38:53,440 --> 00:38:57,160 Speaker 1: this issue, you know. Yeah, yeah, and like it's it's 687 00:38:57,200 --> 00:39:01,400 Speaker 1: it's super messy. Yeah, it's one of those things like 688 00:39:02,000 --> 00:39:05,000 Speaker 1: you'd be you can talk about how it happened and 689 00:39:05,040 --> 00:39:08,399 Speaker 1: like what the actual impact was. But it is kind 690 00:39:08,440 --> 00:39:10,960 Speaker 1: of this like as much as many fucked up things 691 00:39:10,960 --> 00:39:13,799 Speaker 1: as like different players in this period carry out as 692 00:39:13,800 --> 00:39:16,239 Speaker 1: guys like Desolens do, it's like, also, well, I don't 693 00:39:16,239 --> 00:39:19,080 Speaker 1: know what would have worked better? Right, Yeah, Like you're 694 00:39:19,120 --> 00:39:22,160 Speaker 1: coming in in a messy as situation, hella messy, so 695 00:39:22,239 --> 00:39:24,759 Speaker 1: you like I got to start somewhere. I can't like 696 00:39:24,960 --> 00:39:26,880 Speaker 1: I can say, yeah, that didn't doesn't seem like it 697 00:39:26,920 --> 00:39:28,839 Speaker 1: worked out great, But I can't be like, well, here's 698 00:39:28,880 --> 00:39:31,479 Speaker 1: what would have worked better? Right? Right? Right? The guy 699 00:39:31,560 --> 00:39:35,279 Speaker 1: and yeah, like trying to do the hardest thing ever, right, 700 00:39:35,840 --> 00:39:40,360 Speaker 1: some suggestions in the year Yeah, I think word for 701 00:39:40,680 --> 00:39:44,240 Speaker 1: what I'm saying, like, yeah, you guys got ideas, Oh, three, 702 00:39:44,840 --> 00:39:47,160 Speaker 1: three centuries later, you still have figured it out and 703 00:39:47,480 --> 00:39:52,200 Speaker 1: stopped looking back at me. Yeahs Haiti air conditioning probably 704 00:39:52,200 --> 00:39:54,080 Speaker 1: would have solved some problems. Why don't you Why don't 705 00:39:54,080 --> 00:39:58,480 Speaker 1: you guys condition could have some American conditioning also, antibiotics. 706 00:39:58,600 --> 00:40:02,880 Speaker 1: Just throwing it out there, I'm just saying, how about automation. 707 00:40:03,640 --> 00:40:07,040 Speaker 1: You have all these people, there's a machine. Hello, We 708 00:40:07,160 --> 00:40:09,759 Speaker 1: eventually invented the Ford truck and that made a lot 709 00:40:09,840 --> 00:40:11,680 Speaker 1: of money. Could you guys have tried that in eight 710 00:40:13,920 --> 00:40:18,080 Speaker 1: Why don't you try not slavery? Yeah? Yeah, yeah, could 711 00:40:18,080 --> 00:40:21,000 Speaker 1: you try not being taken from your homeland and forced 712 00:40:21,080 --> 00:40:24,160 Speaker 1: onto an island to farm cotton? Maybe give that one 713 00:40:24,160 --> 00:40:25,960 Speaker 1: a shot. Can't try it? And then they were like, 714 00:40:25,960 --> 00:40:28,080 Speaker 1: you know what, here's the idea. We're gonna try not 715 00:40:28,200 --> 00:40:35,640 Speaker 1: being dark. I mean yeah he does eventually kind of yeah. Um, 716 00:40:35,680 --> 00:40:38,160 Speaker 1: but yeah, there's no good. There's no good. No, there's 717 00:40:38,160 --> 00:40:40,560 Speaker 1: no auctions for for any of these people in this period, 718 00:40:40,600 --> 00:40:42,640 Speaker 1: which is not to like, also not to whitewash the 719 00:40:42,640 --> 00:40:45,080 Speaker 1: fun up stuff that all of these different Haitian leaders do, 720 00:40:45,200 --> 00:40:48,879 Speaker 1: but like, what are you gonna do? Um again? So 721 00:40:49,200 --> 00:40:52,480 Speaker 1: Haiti is also and the thing that really makes this difficult, right, 722 00:40:52,480 --> 00:40:55,160 Speaker 1: because every every new nation that's been born has different 723 00:40:55,200 --> 00:40:59,160 Speaker 1: kinds of divisions and hurdles to overcome. Haiti is additionally 724 00:40:59,239 --> 00:41:02,200 Speaker 1: hobbled by something that makes it kind of impossible for 725 00:41:02,239 --> 00:41:04,600 Speaker 1: them to thrive economically, which is the fact that they 726 00:41:04,640 --> 00:41:08,160 Speaker 1: are completely locked out of the global market, which contributes 727 00:41:08,200 --> 00:41:11,520 Speaker 1: to rampant poverty and misery. In in order to gain 728 00:41:11,600 --> 00:41:14,279 Speaker 1: diplomatic recognition and entrance into the world market to be 729 00:41:14,320 --> 00:41:16,520 Speaker 1: able to trade with people, right, to be able to 730 00:41:16,560 --> 00:41:19,760 Speaker 1: actually like make things and sell them and import goods, 731 00:41:20,200 --> 00:41:22,840 Speaker 1: which you need to do in order to be a 732 00:41:22,920 --> 00:41:25,799 Speaker 1: part of the modern world. Right, Like it's that's just 733 00:41:25,840 --> 00:41:28,839 Speaker 1: the way it works. They're not allowed to. Um. So 734 00:41:29,000 --> 00:41:31,840 Speaker 1: they start negotiating with France in order to gain diplomatic 735 00:41:31,880 --> 00:41:35,040 Speaker 1: recognition and entrance into the world market. Um. Now, by 736 00:41:35,080 --> 00:41:37,480 Speaker 1: this point, the French had accepted that they were not 737 00:41:37,600 --> 00:41:40,239 Speaker 1: going to regain military control of the island, so they 738 00:41:40,280 --> 00:41:43,680 Speaker 1: agreed to recognize Haiti as a sovereign nation if it 739 00:41:43,840 --> 00:41:51,520 Speaker 1: paid reparations. Well, you stow yourselves from us, so you 740 00:41:51,560 --> 00:41:57,399 Speaker 1: owe us so you kind of oh my god, real, real, 741 00:41:57,719 --> 00:42:00,719 Speaker 1: real asshole move from France. There. Quote from a write 742 00:42:00,760 --> 00:42:04,799 Speaker 1: up by the Origins Project at Oklahoma State University. The 743 00:42:04,840 --> 00:42:07,239 Speaker 1: French government sent a team of accountants into Haiti in 744 00:42:07,320 --> 00:42:10,160 Speaker 1: order to place a value on all lands and physical assets, 745 00:42:10,160 --> 00:42:13,640 Speaker 1: including the five hundred thousand citizens were formerly enslaved, and 746 00:42:13,680 --> 00:42:17,080 Speaker 1: declared the value at a hundred and fifty million gold francs, 747 00:42:17,080 --> 00:42:19,520 Speaker 1: in which in contemporary terms would equate to well over 748 00:42:19,560 --> 00:42:23,680 Speaker 1: twenty billion dollars. Payments began immediately, and although Haiti was 749 00:42:23,719 --> 00:42:27,600 Speaker 1: able to officially by its economic freedom and diplomatic recognition, 750 00:42:27,920 --> 00:42:30,040 Speaker 1: the debt of a hundred and fifty million francs was 751 00:42:30,080 --> 00:42:32,719 Speaker 1: a massive burden from which Haitians have never been able 752 00:42:32,760 --> 00:42:36,320 Speaker 1: to fully recover. Although the official debt was later reduced, 753 00:42:36,560 --> 00:42:39,640 Speaker 1: France four Haiti to pay an annual fee for its 754 00:42:39,719 --> 00:42:43,640 Speaker 1: national sovereignty for nearly a hundred years, from eighteen twenty 755 00:42:43,680 --> 00:42:49,120 Speaker 1: five to nineteen twenty two. Good lord for almost a century. 756 00:42:49,160 --> 00:42:53,239 Speaker 1: Then Haiti endured French imposed pinury. By nineteen fifteen, and 757 00:42:53,239 --> 00:42:56,440 Speaker 1: we'll talk about what happens. In nineteen fifteen, Haiti still 758 00:42:56,440 --> 00:42:59,279 Speaker 1: owed France a hundred and twenty one million francs. So 759 00:43:00,440 --> 00:43:03,400 Speaker 1: for nearly a century they pay off their hundred and 760 00:43:03,440 --> 00:43:06,759 Speaker 1: twenty million debt, and in nineteen fifteen they undred and 761 00:43:06,760 --> 00:43:11,080 Speaker 1: twenty one million. Oh my god, oh my god. France 762 00:43:11,320 --> 00:43:18,600 Speaker 1: is a nation of fucking payday loan. Yes, just such 763 00:43:18,600 --> 00:43:22,399 Speaker 1: a such a bit of faccory right there. Uh man. 764 00:43:22,960 --> 00:43:25,319 Speaker 1: So much of their resources as a nation went to 765 00:43:25,320 --> 00:43:28,120 Speaker 1: paying off this debt. For instance, fifty one percent of 766 00:43:28,160 --> 00:43:31,560 Speaker 1: haities revenues from coffee went to service the exterioror debt 767 00:43:32,480 --> 00:43:35,480 Speaker 1: scent went to pay internal debts associated with building the 768 00:43:35,560 --> 00:43:39,600 Speaker 1: nation's infrastructure, with only two percent available for all other expenses. 769 00:43:40,040 --> 00:43:42,919 Speaker 1: Why doesn't Haiti have a functional state because they are 770 00:43:43,040 --> 00:43:46,200 Speaker 1: forbidden by law from building one, otherwise they won't be 771 00:43:46,239 --> 00:43:50,680 Speaker 1: able to pay off the debt that guarantees their their freedom. Yeah. 772 00:43:50,760 --> 00:43:53,480 Speaker 1: Think about that for a second. Yeah, yeah, you're just 773 00:43:53,640 --> 00:43:57,759 Speaker 1: it's on purpose. Yeah, This suffocating debt, more than any 774 00:43:57,760 --> 00:44:00,560 Speaker 1: other single factor, is why and how hate becomes the 775 00:44:00,600 --> 00:44:03,360 Speaker 1: poorest country in the Western hemisphere. That's it, right. We 776 00:44:03,360 --> 00:44:05,400 Speaker 1: can talk about funded up things different leaders did. We 777 00:44:05,400 --> 00:44:08,000 Speaker 1: can talk about mistakes made by and there's plenty of mistakes, 778 00:44:08,160 --> 00:44:11,840 Speaker 1: of course, all leaders make mistakes. Haiti is not allowed 779 00:44:11,920 --> 00:44:15,160 Speaker 1: to build a public sector. Yeah, they're not allowed to. 780 00:44:16,200 --> 00:44:18,839 Speaker 1: They've got that money is why France is so nice. 781 00:44:18,960 --> 00:44:20,759 Speaker 1: Part of it, right, for it steals from a lot 782 00:44:20,760 --> 00:44:22,920 Speaker 1: of people. If you want to know why Haiti so 783 00:44:23,000 --> 00:44:25,439 Speaker 1: fucked up, walk down the streets of Paris and look 784 00:44:25,440 --> 00:44:27,440 Speaker 1: at the nice monuments, like, oh, some of this was 785 00:44:27,480 --> 00:44:31,360 Speaker 1: paid for by the reason Haiti doesn't have functioning sewers. Damn, 786 00:44:31,560 --> 00:44:36,399 Speaker 1: that's why it's fucked up now. Of course, the fact 787 00:44:36,400 --> 00:44:39,279 Speaker 1: that Haiti agreed to bribe bribe France for access to 788 00:44:39,360 --> 00:44:42,040 Speaker 1: the world did not mean that the world accepted Haiti. 789 00:44:42,440 --> 00:44:45,480 Speaker 1: The United States continue to have a profoundly toxic opinion 790 00:44:45,520 --> 00:44:48,240 Speaker 1: of the ailing republic, and most European powers were equally 791 00:44:48,280 --> 00:44:50,480 Speaker 1: unwilling to do business with a nation who's founding with 792 00:44:50,560 --> 00:44:53,640 Speaker 1: such a threat to their domestic and international order. Again, 793 00:44:53,960 --> 00:44:56,960 Speaker 1: all these powers are based on slavery or based on 794 00:44:57,080 --> 00:45:00,600 Speaker 1: colonialism that verges on slavery. So even if the Haitians 795 00:45:00,640 --> 00:45:03,279 Speaker 1: themselves mostly just want hope and opportunity, right there, not 796 00:45:03,320 --> 00:45:06,040 Speaker 1: saying like our goal is Haiti is to overthrow the 797 00:45:06,040 --> 00:45:08,520 Speaker 1: global colonial system. They just want to have food and 798 00:45:08,520 --> 00:45:12,600 Speaker 1: ship right most people, um, they're very existence though, is 799 00:45:12,719 --> 00:45:15,440 Speaker 1: dangerous to the myth of white supremacy that the European 800 00:45:15,520 --> 00:45:19,400 Speaker 1: world order is based on think about every time we 801 00:45:19,440 --> 00:45:21,920 Speaker 1: talked about this in the Ethiopia episode, to think about 802 00:45:22,000 --> 00:45:24,000 Speaker 1: like you know, you and I talked about this, and 803 00:45:24,080 --> 00:45:27,240 Speaker 1: we talked about Spain in Algeria, Right, they get beaten 804 00:45:27,400 --> 00:45:30,120 Speaker 1: by this, by this African army and then they go 805 00:45:30,200 --> 00:45:33,120 Speaker 1: in with France with chemical weapons to massacre these people 806 00:45:33,120 --> 00:45:36,200 Speaker 1: because they can't stand the thought that they were defeated 807 00:45:36,400 --> 00:45:40,520 Speaker 1: to all the colonized people. Um, that's the very much 808 00:45:40,560 --> 00:45:43,319 Speaker 1: all of the West's attitude towards Haiti. These people beat 809 00:45:43,400 --> 00:45:46,320 Speaker 1: every Western army put against them. That can't be allowed 810 00:45:46,840 --> 00:45:51,319 Speaker 1: it and it unravels all of your origin stories, your 811 00:45:51,360 --> 00:45:56,960 Speaker 1: creation myths, your formation of identity. It unravels. You're looking 812 00:45:57,000 --> 00:46:00,400 Speaker 1: at evidence that you're full of crap and that you 813 00:46:00,440 --> 00:46:03,439 Speaker 1: can't let that that can't exist in your world. You know, Yeah, 814 00:46:03,480 --> 00:46:05,640 Speaker 1: it's kind of crazy. It's gonna feel like a jump, 815 00:46:05,719 --> 00:46:08,879 Speaker 1: But like I mean it, like when I think of 816 00:46:08,920 --> 00:46:16,240 Speaker 1: like that same sort of fear of of the unraveling 817 00:46:16,480 --> 00:46:19,879 Speaker 1: of your reality, I think a lot of ways it's 818 00:46:19,920 --> 00:46:23,759 Speaker 1: that same sort of like germ that's in this like 819 00:46:24,719 --> 00:46:30,000 Speaker 1: aversion towards like trans rights and like LGBT Q stuff, 820 00:46:30,000 --> 00:46:33,800 Speaker 1: because it's like, you have this universe that is ordered 821 00:46:33,800 --> 00:46:38,960 Speaker 1: a certain way, and these the existence of these people 822 00:46:39,719 --> 00:46:44,800 Speaker 1: means you've ordered the universe incompletely, you know what I'm saying, 823 00:46:45,239 --> 00:46:49,160 Speaker 1: So it has its genesis. There's something element of like 824 00:46:49,239 --> 00:46:51,800 Speaker 1: that idea of fomo. Right, you hear about your friends 825 00:46:51,840 --> 00:46:53,520 Speaker 1: going to a party that you're not going to and 826 00:46:53,560 --> 00:46:55,879 Speaker 1: it makes you feel like you're missing out. It's it's 827 00:46:55,920 --> 00:46:59,520 Speaker 1: this idea that like, if things elsewhere or if things 828 00:46:59,560 --> 00:47:03,080 Speaker 1: for their people are fundamentally different than they are for me, 829 00:47:03,400 --> 00:47:06,400 Speaker 1: then maybe I'm not doing things the best way possible. 830 00:47:06,440 --> 00:47:09,120 Speaker 1: Maybe the way I live isn't the the absolute best 831 00:47:09,120 --> 00:47:12,040 Speaker 1: way someone could live, And that makes me so angry 832 00:47:12,040 --> 00:47:14,640 Speaker 1: that I will commit a genocide totally because it's not 833 00:47:14,680 --> 00:47:17,200 Speaker 1: like because it's not about it's so true because it's 834 00:47:17,200 --> 00:47:20,880 Speaker 1: not about. When you start listening to like people's arguments 835 00:47:20,920 --> 00:47:25,160 Speaker 1: about rights, it's like, oh, you're not talking about rights. 836 00:47:25,960 --> 00:47:31,040 Speaker 1: You think they shouldn't exist. Like the reality of their different. Yes, 837 00:47:31,440 --> 00:47:35,480 Speaker 1: the reality of their existence is an affront to your universe. 838 00:47:36,040 --> 00:47:41,080 Speaker 1: So if I can take their rights, maybe they'll stop existing. 839 00:47:41,239 --> 00:47:43,359 Speaker 1: Is that your is that? Is that your logic? Because 840 00:47:43,400 --> 00:47:45,920 Speaker 1: that's what it sounds like your logic is so when 841 00:47:45,960 --> 00:47:48,120 Speaker 1: I think about like you said, like, well, well we 842 00:47:48,200 --> 00:47:51,000 Speaker 1: won't trade with Haiti, Well we wanted that. It's like, 843 00:47:51,000 --> 00:47:53,560 Speaker 1: because you all want them to exist, you don't think 844 00:47:53,680 --> 00:47:57,600 Speaker 1: this should have happened, but it did. And rather than 845 00:47:57,680 --> 00:48:03,680 Speaker 1: saying maybe I should rethink what I consider reality, I'd 846 00:48:03,760 --> 00:48:07,040 Speaker 1: rather just say no, we just we'll just make them 847 00:48:07,040 --> 00:48:10,399 Speaker 1: pay forever. Yeah, we'll just we'll just we'll just go 848 00:48:10,480 --> 00:48:14,759 Speaker 1: out of our way to sabotage them forever. Um, you 849 00:48:14,800 --> 00:48:16,840 Speaker 1: know who else will go out of their way to 850 00:48:17,000 --> 00:48:27,280 Speaker 1: sabotage hey t forever sabotage money going into black community. Yeah, boy, 851 00:48:27,560 --> 00:48:29,560 Speaker 1: this is it's not a great way to do an 852 00:48:29,600 --> 00:48:35,160 Speaker 1: ad plug prop. How do you feel about getting food 853 00:48:35,239 --> 00:48:38,279 Speaker 1: delivered deer House. I'm not gonna lie to you, man. 854 00:48:38,560 --> 00:48:40,440 Speaker 1: It's one of those one of those things that are 855 00:48:40,440 --> 00:48:43,960 Speaker 1: clearly a privilege. But that's what that word means because 856 00:48:43,960 --> 00:48:47,799 Speaker 1: it is great. Well, there we go. That's a better 857 00:48:47,800 --> 00:48:59,920 Speaker 1: way to lead a nats uh uh, So we're bad. 858 00:49:03,800 --> 00:49:06,600 Speaker 1: I guess we are. We're back. That's the sound that 859 00:49:06,640 --> 00:49:08,799 Speaker 1: you find in your place in this script. It is 860 00:49:08,880 --> 00:49:13,839 Speaker 1: it is so Haitian politics doesn't grow more functional over 861 00:49:13,880 --> 00:49:16,560 Speaker 1: the course of the eighteen hundreds for reasons we've discussed. 862 00:49:17,000 --> 00:49:20,120 Speaker 1: There's a bunch of revolts. Right when people can't build 863 00:49:20,160 --> 00:49:23,560 Speaker 1: any kind of uh, functional civil society, or when it's 864 00:49:23,560 --> 00:49:25,080 Speaker 1: a lot harder and all of their money is going 865 00:49:25,120 --> 00:49:28,400 Speaker 1: to other countries, it's difficult to um, you know, have 866 00:49:28,480 --> 00:49:31,520 Speaker 1: a happy civil anyway. So the republic had kicked off 867 00:49:31,560 --> 00:49:34,400 Speaker 1: with an emperor than reverted to a republican government with 868 00:49:34,480 --> 00:49:37,279 Speaker 1: presidents and stuff. But in the eighteen forties they go 869 00:49:37,320 --> 00:49:39,840 Speaker 1: back to having emperors. And also the eighteen forties and 870 00:49:39,840 --> 00:49:42,479 Speaker 1: the eighty four when the Dominican Republic fights a war 871 00:49:42,800 --> 00:49:45,279 Speaker 1: with Haiti and they separate, so there's there's two different 872 00:49:45,320 --> 00:49:48,600 Speaker 1: countries on the same island. The Menican Republic is definitely 873 00:49:48,960 --> 00:49:51,080 Speaker 1: it seems to be in a better position than than 874 00:49:51,160 --> 00:49:55,239 Speaker 1: Haiti has been lately. Uma, but they have constant they're 875 00:49:55,239 --> 00:49:57,239 Speaker 1: like always kind of at each other's throats, like there's 876 00:49:57,280 --> 00:49:59,080 Speaker 1: a bunch of a bunch of a bunch of issues 877 00:49:59,080 --> 00:50:01,520 Speaker 1: going on between the anyway that all happens, uh. And 878 00:50:01,520 --> 00:50:04,200 Speaker 1: then in eighteen fifty nine there's a military coup in 879 00:50:04,239 --> 00:50:07,280 Speaker 1: Haiti and that brings back a republican government and president 880 00:50:07,360 --> 00:50:09,719 Speaker 1: presidents again. So we go from emperor to president to 881 00:50:09,840 --> 00:50:14,000 Speaker 1: emperor to president right. Um. In eighteen sixty one, the 882 00:50:14,000 --> 00:50:16,000 Speaker 1: outbreak of the Civil War gives the people who didn't 883 00:50:16,000 --> 00:50:19,239 Speaker 1: totally suck in US politics an opportunity to recognize the 884 00:50:19,239 --> 00:50:23,400 Speaker 1: Haitian government. After a long Congressional debate, President Lincoln enacts 885 00:50:23,440 --> 00:50:26,640 Speaker 1: the law recognizing Haiti and appointing the first U S 886 00:50:26,680 --> 00:50:30,440 Speaker 1: Haitian Commissioner. So that is, we recognize Haiti kind of 887 00:50:30,480 --> 00:50:34,680 Speaker 1: as like a fuck you to the Confederacy. Yeah, that's 888 00:50:34,680 --> 00:50:37,080 Speaker 1: what you really don't like somebody like, you know what. 889 00:50:38,200 --> 00:50:41,959 Speaker 1: A matter of fact, Haiti, I'll rock with y'all. Yeah, 890 00:50:42,000 --> 00:50:48,719 Speaker 1: I'll take it, like yeah, all right. So the political situation, though, 891 00:50:48,760 --> 00:50:51,560 Speaker 1: does not grow more stable in the late eighteen hundreds. 892 00:50:51,600 --> 00:50:55,080 Speaker 1: In eighteen nineties six, President Hippolyte died of a stroke 893 00:50:55,160 --> 00:50:57,640 Speaker 1: on his way to crush a rebellion in the Southwest. 894 00:50:58,040 --> 00:51:00,880 Speaker 1: He was replaced by President teresi is Sam, who was 895 00:51:00,960 --> 00:51:04,760 Speaker 1: nicknamed the incompetent for reasons that are probably pretty obvious, 896 00:51:04,840 --> 00:51:08,239 Speaker 1: right not not because he was so popular. Um. Under 897 00:51:08,280 --> 00:51:10,919 Speaker 1: his ages, the Haitian government grew more corrupt and less 898 00:51:10,920 --> 00:51:14,239 Speaker 1: functional than ever The most egregious example of this was 899 00:51:14,280 --> 00:51:19,280 Speaker 1: the finance minister, the President's cousin, Gilliam Gilliam Sam developed 900 00:51:19,280 --> 00:51:22,120 Speaker 1: an extensive grift system, whereby he would have the government 901 00:51:22,200 --> 00:51:24,800 Speaker 1: order and pay for non existent goods, and then pocket 902 00:51:24,840 --> 00:51:28,320 Speaker 1: the payment himself. President Sam allowed dozens of his relatives 903 00:51:28,320 --> 00:51:31,560 Speaker 1: and positions of power. Together they robbed the nation blind 904 00:51:31,840 --> 00:51:36,920 Speaker 1: while blinder um. This compounded the economic misery created by 905 00:51:36,920 --> 00:51:40,280 Speaker 1: the crushing debt to France. Under Sam's reign, civil service 906 00:51:40,360 --> 00:51:45,000 Speaker 1: salaries were cut by public works projects almost ceased entirely. 907 00:51:45,239 --> 00:51:47,680 Speaker 1: When Sam came to power. A tramway station had been 908 00:51:47,960 --> 00:51:50,640 Speaker 1: under construction in Porta Prince, and the beginnings of a 909 00:51:50,719 --> 00:51:53,439 Speaker 1: national railway station had been laid. All of this died 910 00:51:53,480 --> 00:51:56,239 Speaker 1: on the vine as the Sam family sucked Haiti dry. 911 00:51:56,520 --> 00:52:00,000 Speaker 1: In nineteen o two, dogged by economic disaster and riotous 912 00:52:00,040 --> 00:52:03,759 Speaker 1: content among the citizenry, Sam resigned. He barely escaped with 913 00:52:03,800 --> 00:52:05,880 Speaker 1: his lute ahead of a mob bent on murdering him 914 00:52:05,880 --> 00:52:09,360 Speaker 1: and his family. Foreign diplomats escorted him to the docks, 915 00:52:09,400 --> 00:52:12,360 Speaker 1: and he eventually wound up in Europe with his fortune. Again. 916 00:52:12,880 --> 00:52:15,680 Speaker 1: The reason part of like he's he's not, He's not 917 00:52:15,760 --> 00:52:19,480 Speaker 1: just stealing money. He's greasing palms in Europe because yeah, again, 918 00:52:20,200 --> 00:52:24,120 Speaker 1: they're They're always. All of these grifter dictators are very 919 00:52:24,120 --> 00:52:27,719 Speaker 1: tied to the West and generally backed by them and 920 00:52:27,800 --> 00:52:31,040 Speaker 1: often funded by them. Um, and the wake of his 921 00:52:31,080 --> 00:52:34,880 Speaker 1: disastrous regime came political chaos. He was eventually succeeded by 922 00:52:34,880 --> 00:52:38,000 Speaker 1: a very old man named Nord Alexis, who was overthrown 923 00:52:38,120 --> 00:52:40,960 Speaker 1: himself a couple of years later by a revolt in 924 00:52:41,000 --> 00:52:44,359 Speaker 1: the middle of all of this chaos. These just constant revolts, right, 925 00:52:44,440 --> 00:52:46,840 Speaker 1: no peaceful transfers of power. And in the middle of 926 00:52:46,840 --> 00:52:51,239 Speaker 1: all this chaos, on April fourteenth, nineteen o seven, Francois 927 00:52:51,320 --> 00:52:56,400 Speaker 1: du Volier is born into duval in Euritia du Volier. Now, 928 00:52:56,640 --> 00:52:59,000 Speaker 1: this is, by the way, the subject of our episode, 929 00:52:59,000 --> 00:53:03,640 Speaker 1: Francois Duvolier, the guy better known as Papa Doc. Um. Yeah, 930 00:53:03,680 --> 00:53:05,839 Speaker 1: it would be an understatement to say that he did 931 00:53:05,840 --> 00:53:10,399 Speaker 1: not grow up in a functional state, right. This guy 932 00:53:10,440 --> 00:53:13,600 Speaker 1: doesn't fuck haiti up. This guy is born into fun 933 00:53:13,719 --> 00:53:21,160 Speaker 1: and adopts it. You call y'all with that one. Okay, 934 00:53:21,200 --> 00:53:24,880 Speaker 1: that's good. So when Papa doc was a toddler, President 935 00:53:24,920 --> 00:53:28,640 Speaker 1: Alexis is succeeded by Antoine Simone, who ruled for three 936 00:53:28,719 --> 00:53:31,560 Speaker 1: years before another revolt forced him to flee to Jamaica. 937 00:53:32,120 --> 00:53:35,279 Speaker 1: The next president, Lecante, came to power when Francois was 938 00:53:35,320 --> 00:53:38,760 Speaker 1: about five. He survived only a single year in office. 939 00:53:39,040 --> 00:53:42,800 Speaker 1: He was murdered by again unknown assassins. His body was 940 00:53:42,880 --> 00:53:45,520 Speaker 1: hidden to cover up their crime. The conspirators blew up 941 00:53:45,560 --> 00:53:49,000 Speaker 1: the presidential palace on August eight, nineteen twelve, leaving Haiti 942 00:53:49,080 --> 00:53:52,880 Speaker 1: without a capitol building or ahead of state now. Despite 943 00:53:52,920 --> 00:53:57,160 Speaker 1: the shall we say tumultuous times, Francois parents managed to 944 00:53:57,200 --> 00:54:00,319 Speaker 1: make a decent living. They were lower middle class but 945 00:54:00,520 --> 00:54:04,520 Speaker 1: upwardly mobile. His father, Duval, was a school teacher and 946 00:54:04,600 --> 00:54:08,480 Speaker 1: his mother, Euridia, worked for a bakery. Duval was politically 947 00:54:08,560 --> 00:54:11,440 Speaker 1: active and aware. He wanted a better life for his children, 948 00:54:11,440 --> 00:54:13,360 Speaker 1: and he worked like a demon in order to scrape 949 00:54:13,360 --> 00:54:16,000 Speaker 1: together the funds necessary to send his son to private 950 00:54:16,040 --> 00:54:19,680 Speaker 1: schools in nineteen which is something very few Haitians that 951 00:54:19,760 --> 00:54:22,800 Speaker 1: never happens. The education system is not in good shape, 952 00:54:22,840 --> 00:54:26,799 Speaker 1: so he grows up very well educated in nineteen. Hold 953 00:54:26,840 --> 00:54:29,400 Speaker 1: that thought, because I would be doing you and the 954 00:54:29,480 --> 00:54:33,120 Speaker 1: listeners a horrible disservice and if I didn't stop and 955 00:54:33,160 --> 00:54:37,640 Speaker 1: acknowledge the name Papa Doc. Papa Doc. Yes, in the 956 00:54:39,120 --> 00:54:41,400 Speaker 1: here's a pop culture reference. So he was a character 957 00:54:41,480 --> 00:54:45,440 Speaker 1: an eight Mile the the Eminem movie. Oh really, I 958 00:54:45,440 --> 00:54:48,040 Speaker 1: gotta happen. Yeah, yeah, I know what eight mile is. 959 00:54:48,080 --> 00:54:49,520 Speaker 1: But yeah, so yeah, I was like, I don't know 960 00:54:49,560 --> 00:54:51,800 Speaker 1: how far down his rabble I need to go. Papa 961 00:54:51,800 --> 00:54:55,680 Speaker 1: Doc was one of the main characters, and it seems 962 00:54:55,719 --> 00:54:58,040 Speaker 1: like it seemed like a strange name to choose as 963 00:54:58,040 --> 00:55:02,040 Speaker 1: a rapper, unless you know who Papa Dock is. Yeah, Haiti. 964 00:55:02,239 --> 00:55:05,799 Speaker 1: So there you go. Connect your dots, guys. That is interesting. Yeah, 965 00:55:05,880 --> 00:55:07,880 Speaker 1: I was unaware of that part because all I know 966 00:55:07,920 --> 00:55:11,400 Speaker 1: about the eight Mile movie is Rabbit that it's about. 967 00:55:11,800 --> 00:55:18,719 Speaker 1: It's about Eminem, Mom Spaghetti exactly, Mom Spaghetti. Um. So. 968 00:55:18,800 --> 00:55:22,520 Speaker 1: In nineteen fifteen, when Francois was eight, Haitian President Joseph 969 00:55:22,560 --> 00:55:25,759 Speaker 1: daffl Mar Theodore was ousted and yet another coup, this 970 00:55:25,840 --> 00:55:29,160 Speaker 1: one of the military variety. He was replaced by General 971 00:55:29,280 --> 00:55:33,080 Speaker 1: Jean Phil Brune. Gilliam Sam now the president and of 972 00:55:33,120 --> 00:55:35,359 Speaker 1: the United States in this period is a fellow named 973 00:55:35,360 --> 00:55:38,440 Speaker 1: Woodrow Wilson, who is one of the most racist people 974 00:55:38,480 --> 00:55:40,600 Speaker 1: who's ever been president of the United States, which is 975 00:55:40,640 --> 00:55:45,400 Speaker 1: which is bar So you are saying, as listeners of 976 00:55:45,480 --> 00:55:48,560 Speaker 1: two people that y'all know on this pod, me and 977 00:55:48,680 --> 00:55:51,719 Speaker 1: Robert are bona fide history nerds, we know what the 978 00:55:51,719 --> 00:55:54,440 Speaker 1: hell we talk about. Well, we tell you that Woodrow 979 00:55:54,480 --> 00:56:01,640 Speaker 1: Wilson Old the Crown. He's up there. Yes, he's competed 980 00:56:01,719 --> 00:56:05,120 Speaker 1: with guys like eight Team twin because he would like 981 00:56:05,200 --> 00:56:08,200 Speaker 1: Andrew Jackson, and we're probably like you could like like 982 00:56:08,239 --> 00:56:10,839 Speaker 1: they named the Trail of Tears after this man. He's 983 00:56:10,880 --> 00:56:14,680 Speaker 1: a loyal piece of ship. Yes, so like like, let's 984 00:56:14,719 --> 00:56:18,520 Speaker 1: pause for a second, really outraci he is. He is 985 00:56:18,560 --> 00:56:21,600 Speaker 1: a repeatedly praised the Ku Klux Klan and screened a 986 00:56:21,640 --> 00:56:24,320 Speaker 1: movie about their founding in the White House level races, 987 00:56:24,600 --> 00:56:28,520 Speaker 1: and Woodrow Wilson is particularly concerned. Um, he's he's concerned 988 00:56:28,520 --> 00:56:30,399 Speaker 1: for a number reasons. Number one, he sees a black 989 00:56:30,440 --> 00:56:33,000 Speaker 1: republic as a week is a weak link in the 990 00:56:33,040 --> 00:56:35,560 Speaker 1: political structure of the Caribbean, which is really close to 991 00:56:35,600 --> 00:56:39,600 Speaker 1: the United States. So you know, um, he's also further 992 00:56:39,680 --> 00:56:42,960 Speaker 1: concerned by you know, in this period, World War One 993 00:56:42,960 --> 00:56:46,319 Speaker 1: has just kicked off, right UM and Germany, prior to 994 00:56:46,360 --> 00:56:49,279 Speaker 1: World War One, had developed strong economic interests on the 995 00:56:49,280 --> 00:56:52,479 Speaker 1: island of Haiti. UM German investor or on the island 996 00:56:52,480 --> 00:56:56,520 Speaker 1: of Hispaniel. In the Haitian nation, UM German investors had 997 00:56:56,560 --> 00:57:00,920 Speaker 1: started to directly impact Haitian politics, and eighteen nine two 998 00:57:01,040 --> 00:57:04,200 Speaker 1: Germany had been instrumental in defeating a reform movement within 999 00:57:04,239 --> 00:57:06,920 Speaker 1: the Haiti that would have hurt their economic design. So 1000 00:57:07,520 --> 00:57:10,160 Speaker 1: this is a weak government, it's a country that's in chaos. 1001 00:57:10,239 --> 00:57:13,320 Speaker 1: Colonizers see the opportunity in this. Germany doesn't colonize Haiti, 1002 00:57:13,520 --> 00:57:15,600 Speaker 1: but they come in and they help defeat a political 1003 00:57:15,640 --> 00:57:17,400 Speaker 1: movement that would have been bad for the interests of 1004 00:57:17,440 --> 00:57:20,360 Speaker 1: German corporations. Right. So, in the months leading to the 1005 00:57:20,400 --> 00:57:23,080 Speaker 1: coup that brought General Sam to power, Wilson had been 1006 00:57:23,080 --> 00:57:26,760 Speaker 1: considering sending in US troops to Haiti to replace the 1007 00:57:26,800 --> 00:57:28,680 Speaker 1: government with one that would be more friendly to us 1008 00:57:28,720 --> 00:57:31,760 Speaker 1: and interests and less friendly to German ones. And again, 1009 00:57:32,480 --> 00:57:35,280 Speaker 1: the Germans are against positive reform in the Haitian government. 1010 00:57:35,560 --> 00:57:38,080 Speaker 1: The US doesn't support positive reform in the Haitian government. 1011 00:57:38,160 --> 00:57:40,480 Speaker 1: We just want a government that's more friendly to our 1012 00:57:40,600 --> 00:57:45,440 Speaker 1: companies than to German ones. Right. Um, So the coup 1013 00:57:45,480 --> 00:57:47,680 Speaker 1: gave him the excuse that he needed, right, and in 1014 00:57:47,760 --> 00:57:51,120 Speaker 1: short order he sends the United States Marines, including frequent 1015 00:57:51,160 --> 00:57:56,640 Speaker 1: bastards pod Side character Smedley Butler, into occupied Haiti. Yeah, Smedley, 1016 00:57:57,200 --> 00:58:02,680 Speaker 1: counterinsurgency work there, dog smed He's still he's still a 1017 00:58:02,760 --> 00:58:05,880 Speaker 1: heel at this point. Now heel turn. He has a 1018 00:58:05,920 --> 00:58:08,960 Speaker 1: real good heel turn, which we've talked about, but he's 1019 00:58:08,960 --> 00:58:12,440 Speaker 1: still a heel at this period. So from nineteen yeah, 1020 00:58:12,760 --> 00:58:17,919 Speaker 1: Smedley's in play. So from nineteen fifteen to nineteen thirty four, 1021 00:58:18,000 --> 00:58:21,160 Speaker 1: which is basically all of Francois de Volier's childhood and 1022 00:58:21,240 --> 00:58:25,400 Speaker 1: early adulthood, the United States rules Haiti with an iron fist. 1023 00:58:25,800 --> 00:58:28,919 Speaker 1: Protests that break out against the occupation are put down 1024 00:58:28,920 --> 00:58:32,920 Speaker 1: with machine gun fire. In one protest alone, US soldiers 1025 00:58:32,960 --> 00:58:38,560 Speaker 1: gunned down two thousand Haitian protesters. So, yeah, we're not 1026 00:58:38,560 --> 00:58:44,720 Speaker 1: talking like Kent State here, We're talking, are you know? Yeah? Um. 1027 00:58:44,720 --> 00:58:47,120 Speaker 1: From a write up by the Origins Project. Quote, for 1028 00:58:47,320 --> 00:58:51,120 Speaker 1: nineteen years, the United States controlled customs in Haiti, collected taxes, 1029 00:58:51,160 --> 00:58:54,640 Speaker 1: and ran many governmental institutions, all of which benefited the 1030 00:58:54,720 --> 00:58:58,000 Speaker 1: United States in ninety two, for example, the United States 1031 00:58:58,000 --> 00:59:01,160 Speaker 1: extended Haiti a debt consolidation and loan that was designed 1032 00:59:01,160 --> 00:59:03,480 Speaker 1: to pay off its remaining debt to France, but in 1033 00:59:03,800 --> 00:59:07,440 Speaker 1: many ways, Haiti simply exchanged one master for another. Although 1034 00:59:07,440 --> 00:59:09,480 Speaker 1: Haiti was finally free if it's debt to France, it 1035 00:59:09,600 --> 00:59:12,280 Speaker 1: now had a new creditor, the US government and the 1036 00:59:12,400 --> 00:59:15,440 Speaker 1: US banks, who made a small fortune off the loan arrangement. 1037 00:59:16,920 --> 00:59:19,680 Speaker 1: So US is is like, I can help you out 1038 00:59:19,680 --> 00:59:23,040 Speaker 1: with this France problem, because like France, France right nineteen 1039 00:59:23,120 --> 00:59:26,920 Speaker 1: fifteen desperately needs us help because they have gone broke 1040 00:59:27,280 --> 00:59:31,919 Speaker 1: fighting this stupid, stupid fucking war, Like we can't really 1041 00:59:31,960 --> 00:59:35,720 Speaker 1: afford to do anything but barely hold off the Germans. 1042 00:59:36,080 --> 00:59:38,840 Speaker 1: The US is like, well, we gotta, we gotta proposition 1043 00:59:38,920 --> 00:59:40,920 Speaker 1: for you, Like when we work this out, we'll give 1044 00:59:40,960 --> 00:59:43,520 Speaker 1: give you guys some money up front, you cut down 1045 00:59:43,560 --> 00:59:45,880 Speaker 1: the loan, but also had he's gonna owe us forever. 1046 00:59:45,920 --> 00:59:49,160 Speaker 1: And now this is why you never open your junk mail. 1047 00:59:49,360 --> 00:59:53,200 Speaker 1: Thatsolidate your debt. Yeah, like that's what just this is 1048 00:59:53,240 --> 00:59:56,440 Speaker 1: what you're looking at right now. Yeah, you're about to 1049 00:59:56,440 --> 01:00:01,400 Speaker 1: get Haiti. Yeah. So although the US finally withdrew troops 1050 01:00:01,400 --> 01:00:03,400 Speaker 1: from Haiti in nineteen thirty four. The U. S. Government 1051 01:00:03,480 --> 01:00:07,840 Speaker 1: still maintained fiscal control over the country until nineteen forty seven. Again, 1052 01:00:08,040 --> 01:00:12,320 Speaker 1: the US has never had colonies. We just maintained military 1053 01:00:12,320 --> 01:00:14,560 Speaker 1: and control of Haiti for nineteen years and then controlled 1054 01:00:14,600 --> 01:00:18,480 Speaker 1: their finance system until seven, when they finally paid off 1055 01:00:18,480 --> 01:00:21,680 Speaker 1: their loan to us UM. In order to pay off 1056 01:00:21,680 --> 01:00:24,200 Speaker 1: this loan, Haiti was forced to expend its entire gold 1057 01:00:24,240 --> 01:00:27,120 Speaker 1: reserves pretty much, which left the company bereft of any 1058 01:00:27,200 --> 01:00:30,720 Speaker 1: kind of hard currency. Perhaps more importantly, the removal of 1059 01:00:30,760 --> 01:00:32,840 Speaker 1: the U. S. Military didn't mean the end of US 1060 01:00:32,880 --> 01:00:37,680 Speaker 1: military influence in Haiti. In nineteen sixteen, We're gonna talk 1061 01:00:37,680 --> 01:00:39,400 Speaker 1: about some ship that happened while the US was in 1062 01:00:39,440 --> 01:00:42,040 Speaker 1: charge here. In nineteen sixteen, the all white wives of U. S. 1063 01:00:42,120 --> 01:00:44,880 Speaker 1: Marine Corps officers joined their husbands on the island. Right. 1064 01:00:44,920 --> 01:00:47,080 Speaker 1: They were immediately, in the words of one source, I 1065 01:00:47,120 --> 01:00:51,200 Speaker 1: found squeamish about meeting or socializing with native Haitians. You 1066 01:00:51,240 --> 01:00:53,520 Speaker 1: have to remember, these women are white women coming from 1067 01:00:53,560 --> 01:00:56,200 Speaker 1: the segregated United States, where many of them had probably 1068 01:00:56,240 --> 01:00:58,640 Speaker 1: never met a black person who wasn't a servant, and 1069 01:00:58,680 --> 01:01:00,600 Speaker 1: going to it. Then they went to an island where 1070 01:01:00,600 --> 01:01:03,520 Speaker 1: the black people were ostensibly in charge. Obviously the US 1071 01:01:03,640 --> 01:01:06,280 Speaker 1: is in charge, but there we like the fiction that 1072 01:01:06,320 --> 01:01:09,800 Speaker 1: we're letting them govern this, right. They were disgusted by this. 1073 01:01:10,200 --> 01:01:13,560 Speaker 1: They refused polite invitations to dance and snubbed even the 1074 01:01:13,560 --> 01:01:17,280 Speaker 1: Haitian elite. As a result, US occupiers formed essentially their 1075 01:01:17,280 --> 01:01:20,760 Speaker 1: own micro society in Haiti. This really piste off the 1076 01:01:20,760 --> 01:01:23,680 Speaker 1: Haitian elite. Of course, so again they're the elite. They 1077 01:01:23,720 --> 01:01:27,400 Speaker 1: also suck right like, but they're also justly piste off 1078 01:01:27,440 --> 01:01:32,600 Speaker 1: by how racist these white Americans who come over an okay, yeah, yeah, 1079 01:01:33,080 --> 01:01:36,120 Speaker 1: and they're increasingly disgusted not only by the racism of 1080 01:01:36,200 --> 01:01:39,480 Speaker 1: these these occupiers, but by how fucking drunk they get. 1081 01:01:39,800 --> 01:01:43,040 Speaker 1: So at this point, Haitian culture was very conservative in 1082 01:01:43,080 --> 01:01:47,240 Speaker 1: regards to alcohol consumption. Um, crowds of drink and yeah, 1083 01:01:47,280 --> 01:01:49,920 Speaker 1: these guys are fucking these guys are white people in 1084 01:01:50,120 --> 01:01:55,000 Speaker 1: nineteen sixteen drunk, which is we still have not eclipsed 1085 01:01:55,000 --> 01:01:57,760 Speaker 1: those levels of drunk. Yeah. And let's say, I don't know, 1086 01:01:57,840 --> 01:02:03,600 Speaker 1: by drink like white people boy, so to imagine a boy, yeah, 1087 01:02:02,720 --> 01:02:06,600 Speaker 1: it's a yeah. Yeah. Their nightcaps are just points of liquor, 1088 01:02:06,720 --> 01:02:13,080 Speaker 1: you know. Um, So how drunk these Americans get when 1089 01:02:13,080 --> 01:02:15,160 Speaker 1: they get time off, when it's like the weekend or whatever. 1090 01:02:15,240 --> 01:02:18,680 Speaker 1: This horrifies them. And they're also shocked by the seer 1091 01:02:18,720 --> 01:02:22,800 Speaker 1: sheer frequency with which US soldiers engaged in whoring. Again, 1092 01:02:23,120 --> 01:02:26,480 Speaker 1: nobody's I mean nobody whoards like soldiers. I'm not going 1093 01:02:26,560 --> 01:02:32,520 Speaker 1: to say the US is particularly that's just it. But 1094 01:02:32,520 --> 01:02:35,840 Speaker 1: but yeah, people, but it's it's at a level that 1095 01:02:35,880 --> 01:02:38,720 Speaker 1: they were not used to see. Um. In a few years, 1096 01:02:38,760 --> 01:02:41,040 Speaker 1: there are a hundred and forty seven new dance halls 1097 01:02:41,040 --> 01:02:44,280 Speaker 1: and saloons, most of which are barely disguised brothels. Since 1098 01:02:44,320 --> 01:02:48,480 Speaker 1: Americans were getting super racist, they had to import girls 1099 01:02:48,520 --> 01:02:51,320 Speaker 1: to work in these places, generally lighter skinned women from 1100 01:02:51,320 --> 01:02:54,160 Speaker 1: the Dominican Republic. Rights. Again, you never get over this 1101 01:02:54,240 --> 01:02:57,400 Speaker 1: racial cast system, even when it's like some drunk nineteen 1102 01:02:57,440 --> 01:03:01,160 Speaker 1: year old Texan boy, like, it's all the fucking you know, 1103 01:03:01,440 --> 01:03:06,840 Speaker 1: the divide between mixed race and black YadA, YadA, keeps going. Um. 1104 01:03:07,160 --> 01:03:11,160 Speaker 1: US domination brought Jim Crow hotels, segregated Catholic masses, and 1105 01:03:11,200 --> 01:03:15,720 Speaker 1: segregated white neighborhoods. The US remade Haiti in its own image, 1106 01:03:15,840 --> 01:03:19,360 Speaker 1: which meant instituting something that looked like democracy if you squinted, 1107 01:03:19,400 --> 01:03:20,800 Speaker 1: but was really just a way to make sure no 1108 01:03:20,800 --> 01:03:23,400 Speaker 1: one wound up president who wasn't good for us business interests. 1109 01:03:23,880 --> 01:03:28,120 Speaker 1: Not all that different from our presences. Yeah, yeah, in fairness, 1110 01:03:28,360 --> 01:03:33,880 Speaker 1: we do the same thing to ourselves in this regard. Yeah. Um, 1111 01:03:33,960 --> 01:03:37,480 Speaker 1: this is important because the elections that take place during 1112 01:03:37,560 --> 01:03:40,680 Speaker 1: this period are the first ones. Friendcois Duvalier would have 1113 01:03:40,680 --> 01:03:43,720 Speaker 1: been really cognizant of. Right. There's again there's a lot 1114 01:03:43,760 --> 01:03:45,800 Speaker 1: of chaos in his childhood, but by the time he's 1115 01:03:46,000 --> 01:03:48,760 Speaker 1: eight nineteen years old old enough to like no ship 1116 01:03:49,000 --> 01:03:52,080 Speaker 1: and actually like think about what's happening. This is the 1117 01:03:52,160 --> 01:03:54,640 Speaker 1: kind of elections that are happening. And this excerpt from 1118 01:03:54,680 --> 01:03:57,240 Speaker 1: the book Haiti, the Davoliers and their Legacy makes it 1119 01:03:57,280 --> 01:04:00,320 Speaker 1: clear that this was not a good thing. Quote though 1120 01:04:00,320 --> 01:04:03,080 Speaker 1: are the Americans insisted on the semblance of democracy, They 1121 01:04:03,080 --> 01:04:06,360 Speaker 1: refused even the slightest democratic substance. Nowhere was this more 1122 01:04:06,360 --> 01:04:10,600 Speaker 1: obvious than an American sponsored Haitian presidential elections. The State 1123 01:04:10,640 --> 01:04:14,280 Speaker 1: Department approved the first occupation, President Philip Sudre, not even 1124 01:04:14,280 --> 01:04:16,160 Speaker 1: going to try to pronounce that last name. Sorry. After 1125 01:04:16,240 --> 01:04:19,360 Speaker 1: he agreed to surrender financial control and receivership of the 1126 01:04:19,400 --> 01:04:22,800 Speaker 1: customs haiti sole source of revenue, asking in return only 1127 01:04:22,800 --> 01:04:26,360 Speaker 1: from marine protection against assassin's He was the sole candidate. 1128 01:04:26,560 --> 01:04:30,520 Speaker 1: His rival Dr Rosalvo Bobo had earlier disqualified himself with 1129 01:04:30,560 --> 01:04:33,960 Speaker 1: fits of peak and arrestability. Allow election of president to 1130 01:04:33,960 --> 01:04:37,400 Speaker 1: take place whenever Haitians want, ordered Secretary of State Daniels, 1131 01:04:37,560 --> 01:04:40,520 Speaker 1: the US prefers the election of the guy that was 1132 01:04:40,560 --> 01:04:43,960 Speaker 1: the only real candidate. Um. And again he's saying, I 1133 01:04:44,000 --> 01:04:46,680 Speaker 1: will give you all of our money if you make 1134 01:04:46,760 --> 01:04:49,240 Speaker 1: me the boss and give me marines to stop me 1135 01:04:49,280 --> 01:04:52,160 Speaker 1: from being murdered. Right, that's the deal. I want your 1136 01:04:52,240 --> 01:04:54,320 Speaker 1: jack boots to protect me. I will give you all 1137 01:04:54,360 --> 01:04:58,080 Speaker 1: of my people's money in response. UM. As a result, 1138 01:04:58,120 --> 01:05:01,720 Speaker 1: Franchois early political understand name was heavily informed and influenced 1139 01:05:01,720 --> 01:05:05,200 Speaker 1: by completely understandable hatred of the United States. As a 1140 01:05:05,240 --> 01:05:08,440 Speaker 1: young man, he wrote articles for the nationalist anti occupation 1141 01:05:08,480 --> 01:05:13,840 Speaker 1: newsletter Action Nationale. He used a pseudonym Abderrahman to avoid 1142 01:05:13,880 --> 01:05:18,160 Speaker 1: being arrested or murdered by US occupiers. In nine Francois 1143 01:05:18,200 --> 01:05:20,840 Speaker 1: and a black lawyer in Mystic named Laura more Denise. 1144 01:05:21,000 --> 01:05:26,560 Speaker 1: Lauramer Denise founded the Haitian Negratude movement. Now, the Negratude, Yeah, 1145 01:05:26,600 --> 01:05:29,680 Speaker 1: have you heard of this great word? It is a 1146 01:05:29,720 --> 01:05:31,880 Speaker 1: great word, and it's it's in brief, it's a black 1147 01:05:32,000 --> 01:05:36,520 Speaker 1: nationalist movement that advocates black Haitians overthrowing or otherwise taking 1148 01:05:36,560 --> 01:05:40,560 Speaker 1: power both from the the Americans who were you know, 1149 01:05:40,640 --> 01:05:42,960 Speaker 1: colon I well, who were dominating, colonized whatever you wanna 1150 01:05:43,000 --> 01:05:45,680 Speaker 1: call it their nation, and from the mixed race political 1151 01:05:45,720 --> 01:05:49,200 Speaker 1: elite who collaborated with European colonizers in the US in 1152 01:05:49,240 --> 01:05:52,080 Speaker 1: this period, but who throughout Like yeah, now, if you'll 1153 01:05:52,120 --> 01:05:55,160 Speaker 1: remember from earlier in the episode, voodoo had a long 1154 01:05:55,240 --> 01:05:57,560 Speaker 1: history as part of the black liberation struggle in Haiti, 1155 01:05:57,720 --> 01:06:00,640 Speaker 1: and voodoo becomes a major part of the neg Tude movement, 1156 01:06:00,720 --> 01:06:03,600 Speaker 1: right because it's authentically ours, right, you know, it's not 1157 01:06:03,720 --> 01:06:06,640 Speaker 1: it's not something you've got this kind of mixed race 1158 01:06:06,720 --> 01:06:11,280 Speaker 1: dominated political and economic elite who's working with the Americans, 1159 01:06:11,280 --> 01:06:13,880 Speaker 1: who's trying who are trying to become more Western, right, 1160 01:06:13,880 --> 01:06:16,920 Speaker 1: who are adopted Western clothing, Western customs and stuff. Because 1161 01:06:16,920 --> 01:06:19,280 Speaker 1: that's where the money is in partant because it's just fashionable, 1162 01:06:19,640 --> 01:06:22,680 Speaker 1: and Francois and others like him, we're like, no, what 1163 01:06:22,720 --> 01:06:24,720 Speaker 1: we need to do is actually that this is authentically ours. 1164 01:06:24,760 --> 01:06:27,480 Speaker 1: Voodoo's arms doesn't like like fuck their ship, we don't 1165 01:06:27,520 --> 01:06:33,800 Speaker 1: need your ship. Very understandable motivations um The negratude movement 1166 01:06:33,800 --> 01:06:36,280 Speaker 1: continued to grow as Francois went to medical school in 1167 01:06:36,280 --> 01:06:39,800 Speaker 1: the early nineteen thirties. He graduated in nineteen thirty four, 1168 01:06:39,840 --> 01:06:41,680 Speaker 1: which is the same year that the U. S Marines 1169 01:06:41,760 --> 01:06:45,120 Speaker 1: finally left his country. He started his medical career working 1170 01:06:45,200 --> 01:06:47,640 Speaker 1: in hospitals and clinics around Port of Prince. In the 1171 01:06:47,720 --> 01:06:50,400 Speaker 1: late nineteen thirties, he and Laura mur Denise founded a 1172 01:06:50,480 --> 01:06:55,520 Speaker 1: pro Voodoo African focused political organization called the Grillo, which 1173 01:06:55,560 --> 01:06:59,360 Speaker 1: means the Bards. The Grio included an academic journal where 1174 01:06:59,400 --> 01:07:01,840 Speaker 1: France While bushed articles laying out his thoughts on the 1175 01:07:01,880 --> 01:07:04,520 Speaker 1: negrotude movement. He also wrote a book in which he 1176 01:07:04,600 --> 01:07:07,400 Speaker 1: urged black Hasians to take power from the mixed race elite. 1177 01:07:07,960 --> 01:07:10,320 Speaker 1: Despite his hatred of the US government, He traveled to 1178 01:07:10,320 --> 01:07:12,720 Speaker 1: the mountainous interior of Haiti to work as part of 1179 01:07:12,720 --> 01:07:15,680 Speaker 1: a US supported effort to wipe out malaria and yaws, 1180 01:07:15,920 --> 01:07:18,400 Speaker 1: which is a horrible disease. I don't know much about. 1181 01:07:18,440 --> 01:07:20,640 Speaker 1: Yaws is a bad disease. This happens in the night 1182 01:07:20,640 --> 01:07:22,840 Speaker 1: in the early forties, and you find when you find 1183 01:07:22,840 --> 01:07:24,680 Speaker 1: writings about this guy, a lot of them portrayed as 1184 01:07:24,720 --> 01:07:27,120 Speaker 1: like baffling or inconsistent. Will this guy hates the U 1185 01:07:27,240 --> 01:07:30,560 Speaker 1: S why is he doing because he he's a doctor 1186 01:07:30,640 --> 01:07:33,160 Speaker 1: and they're helping fight a disease. Like, it doesn't mean 1187 01:07:33,360 --> 01:07:35,000 Speaker 1: they didn't do a bunch of other fun up shit. 1188 01:07:35,120 --> 01:07:36,680 Speaker 1: It means he's like, Okay, I'll take your money to 1189 01:07:36,760 --> 01:07:40,880 Speaker 1: vaccinate people. Yeah. I don't think it's in any way inconsistent. Yeah, 1190 01:07:41,680 --> 01:07:44,280 Speaker 1: um yeah. Francois seems to have been good at this work, 1191 01:07:44,360 --> 01:07:46,400 Speaker 1: and eventually he becomes the head of a clinic. In 1192 01:07:46,440 --> 01:07:49,040 Speaker 1: August of nineteen forty four, he briefly travels to the 1193 01:07:49,120 --> 01:07:52,800 Speaker 1: United States to attend Michigan State University to study public health. 1194 01:07:53,160 --> 01:07:55,040 Speaker 1: Does he's not in there long? But if you if 1195 01:07:55,080 --> 01:08:01,320 Speaker 1: you went to Michigan State, what if you're Papa Doc. 1196 01:08:01,760 --> 01:08:04,560 Speaker 1: Papa Doc went to Michigan State man famed in Michigan 1197 01:08:04,680 --> 01:08:09,880 Speaker 1: State grad Well, but yeah, he goes um. So he 1198 01:08:09,960 --> 01:08:12,520 Speaker 1: never finishes the program, and he rather quickly goes back 1199 01:08:12,600 --> 01:08:15,040 Speaker 1: to Haiti to continue his work trying to eliminate laws. 1200 01:08:15,680 --> 01:08:18,200 Speaker 1: At the same time, he helps another doctor named Price 1201 01:08:18,320 --> 01:08:22,160 Speaker 1: Mars formed the Bureau of Ethnology, an organization dedicated to 1202 01:08:22,240 --> 01:08:26,599 Speaker 1: studying and propagating indigenous Haitian customs, including voodoo. Now, at 1203 01:08:26,640 --> 01:08:31,080 Speaker 1: this point Francois d Volier is pretty rad. Unfortunately, in 1204 01:08:31,200 --> 01:08:33,519 Speaker 1: the mid nineteen forties, he makes the call to get 1205 01:08:33,560 --> 01:08:35,719 Speaker 1: into politics, which is not a thing that ever tends 1206 01:08:35,760 --> 01:08:37,880 Speaker 1: to go well for people. And I want to quote 1207 01:08:37,920 --> 01:08:40,559 Speaker 1: now from a book published by the Federal Research Division 1208 01:08:40,600 --> 01:08:44,599 Speaker 1: of the Library of Congress in nine Francois de Volier's 1209 01:08:44,680 --> 01:08:47,720 Speaker 1: first overly political act was to become general secretary of 1210 01:08:47,800 --> 01:08:50,600 Speaker 1: Danielle Fignol's Party of Young Professionals, the m O P. 1211 01:08:51,120 --> 01:08:56,720 Speaker 1: Incame a I'm sorry, there's so many like a lot 1212 01:08:56,800 --> 01:09:00,320 Speaker 1: of happening the m O P. As far as like, uh, 1213 01:09:00,479 --> 01:09:02,880 Speaker 1: the rap group from New York, which I never thought about, 1214 01:09:04,120 --> 01:09:06,360 Speaker 1: you know what I'm saying, and um, and then when 1215 01:09:06,360 --> 01:09:09,160 Speaker 1: you said the Grio, I always thought that was a 1216 01:09:09,200 --> 01:09:11,800 Speaker 1: reference reference to the griyachts, you know, we're like the 1217 01:09:11,880 --> 01:09:15,680 Speaker 1: African storytellers. But yeah, yeah, yeah, it's g R g 1218 01:09:15,920 --> 01:09:20,200 Speaker 1: R I O T S. Yeah yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah yeah, Okay, cool. 1219 01:09:20,520 --> 01:09:23,160 Speaker 1: I was just pronounced to it probably wrong, Okay, I 1220 01:09:23,240 --> 01:09:25,600 Speaker 1: thought it was something else. I was like, no, it 1221 01:09:25,680 --> 01:09:29,360 Speaker 1: mean it's barred. So yeah, it's like African storytellers. Yeah yeah, yeah, okay, 1222 01:09:30,400 --> 01:09:32,640 Speaker 1: oh man, Okay, well then yeah, there it is. So 1223 01:09:32,760 --> 01:09:35,479 Speaker 1: there's all these like these ties that like I knew 1224 01:09:35,520 --> 01:09:37,240 Speaker 1: the Papa doc one, but I didn't think about the 1225 01:09:37,400 --> 01:09:40,599 Speaker 1: m O p one. You know what I'm saying. That's dope. Okay, Anyway, 1226 01:09:40,800 --> 01:09:43,040 Speaker 1: may I hope it's I hope MP is referring to that. 1227 01:09:44,400 --> 01:09:48,120 Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, I honestly don't know. Um, but yeah, it's 1228 01:09:48,160 --> 01:09:52,000 Speaker 1: fucking yeah, it's it's fascinating. So he becomes a protege 1229 01:09:52,080 --> 01:09:55,040 Speaker 1: in six of a guy named du Marcailles esteem A 1230 01:09:55,479 --> 01:09:59,559 Speaker 1: uh and then um steam A becomes like the MP candidate. 1231 01:10:00,160 --> 01:10:03,160 Speaker 1: A steam A gets elected president and Davolier enters his 1232 01:10:03,360 --> 01:10:06,600 Speaker 1: cabinet as the Minister of Labor. But a steam Ay 1233 01:10:06,640 --> 01:10:10,120 Speaker 1: gets ousted in a coup in nineteen fifty, right, and 1234 01:10:10,240 --> 01:10:15,559 Speaker 1: Duvalier loses his job. Um, so when a steam Ay, 1235 01:10:15,640 --> 01:10:18,240 Speaker 1: the guy who had made Duvolier a member a minister 1236 01:10:18,320 --> 01:10:20,560 Speaker 1: of Labor gets you know, forced out of power. A 1237 01:10:20,640 --> 01:10:24,680 Speaker 1: new guy, General Magliore, takes power right, so again one 1238 01:10:24,720 --> 01:10:27,519 Speaker 1: of these things that keeps happening in Haitian history, and Duvolier, 1239 01:10:27,680 --> 01:10:29,280 Speaker 1: because he was a member of the old government, finds 1240 01:10:29,360 --> 01:10:31,439 Speaker 1: himself a wanted man, and he winds up hiding from 1241 01:10:31,479 --> 01:10:34,839 Speaker 1: the government. He befriends a school teacher named Clement Barbeau, 1242 01:10:34,920 --> 01:10:37,320 Speaker 1: who becomes his trusted friend and helps him move from 1243 01:10:37,360 --> 01:10:39,920 Speaker 1: one hiding place to the next, often dressed as a woman. 1244 01:10:40,400 --> 01:10:43,560 Speaker 1: For years, Duvolier hid and built a base of supporters 1245 01:10:43,720 --> 01:10:46,240 Speaker 1: in the mountains, biding his time until the end came 1246 01:10:46,320 --> 01:10:49,160 Speaker 1: from Magliore, which it did in nineteen fifties six. So 1247 01:10:49,240 --> 01:10:51,600 Speaker 1: he spends years kind of like a guerilla leader, right, 1248 01:10:51,640 --> 01:10:54,200 Speaker 1: doing the castro thing, right, hiding in the mountains, building 1249 01:10:54,200 --> 01:10:56,800 Speaker 1: my support. He's got support in the mountains already because 1250 01:10:56,800 --> 01:10:59,839 Speaker 1: he's this famous doctor who helped people with these horrible diseases, 1251 01:10:59,880 --> 01:11:02,639 Speaker 1: so he's very well liked there and he starts building. 1252 01:11:03,200 --> 01:11:06,479 Speaker 1: Uh yeah, he builds up a movement. Um. So nineteen 1253 01:11:06,560 --> 01:11:09,639 Speaker 1: fifty six, General Magleore gets kicked out in ten months 1254 01:11:09,680 --> 01:11:13,040 Speaker 1: of chaos follows in which six different governments attempt and 1255 01:11:13,120 --> 01:11:15,920 Speaker 1: failed to hold onto power. While this was going on, 1256 01:11:16,080 --> 01:11:19,759 Speaker 1: du Vallier succeeded in appointing his followers to several public offices. 1257 01:11:19,880 --> 01:11:22,040 Speaker 1: So while all these different dudes are like trying to 1258 01:11:22,120 --> 01:11:25,920 Speaker 1: take power and failing, he's kind of quietly like making 1259 01:11:26,000 --> 01:11:28,200 Speaker 1: deals with whoever he has due to shotgun guys loyal 1260 01:11:28,280 --> 01:11:30,800 Speaker 1: to him into different political positions in order to and 1261 01:11:30,840 --> 01:11:33,320 Speaker 1: he uses these guys a beachheads to build support for 1262 01:11:33,439 --> 01:11:37,960 Speaker 1: a regime headed by him among civil servants. Right, what 1263 01:11:38,280 --> 01:11:39,840 Speaker 1: the kind of equivalent to the deep state. That's what 1264 01:11:39,880 --> 01:11:41,640 Speaker 1: he's trying to hes trying to set his guys up 1265 01:11:41,880 --> 01:11:44,160 Speaker 1: and positions that don't get overthrown because nobody wants to 1266 01:11:44,479 --> 01:11:47,400 Speaker 1: overthrow the guy keeping the sewers going or whatever. Yeah yeah, yeah, 1267 01:11:47,640 --> 01:11:48,960 Speaker 1: but if that guy's will to you, and then the 1268 01:11:49,000 --> 01:11:50,559 Speaker 1: guy doing this, the guy doing that, the guy keeping 1269 01:11:50,600 --> 01:11:52,800 Speaker 1: power going, right, that you gradually build up a basis 1270 01:11:52,800 --> 01:11:54,919 Speaker 1: support makes it easy for you to take over. He's 1271 01:11:55,000 --> 01:11:57,720 Speaker 1: very smart about this, is what I'm saying, very methodical 1272 01:11:57,800 --> 01:12:00,600 Speaker 1: about it. He doesn't just take the easy grabbed to 1273 01:12:00,600 --> 01:12:02,559 Speaker 1: get power. Because those motherfuckers are going to get kicked 1274 01:12:02,600 --> 01:12:04,400 Speaker 1: out by the other people. He lets them fight among 1275 01:12:04,479 --> 01:12:08,200 Speaker 1: themselves a while. In nineteen fifty seven, after again six 1276 01:12:08,280 --> 01:12:10,920 Speaker 1: different governments try and fail to hold onto power, Haiti 1277 01:12:11,040 --> 01:12:14,280 Speaker 1: has another election and Davolier runs on a campaign of 1278 01:12:14,400 --> 01:12:18,439 Speaker 1: what one writer called undeluded africanism um, and one of 1279 01:12:18,479 --> 01:12:20,840 Speaker 1: the things he advocates is the removal from public life 1280 01:12:20,880 --> 01:12:25,640 Speaker 1: of all Mulatto's. Well, I say that. But despite this 1281 01:12:25,880 --> 01:12:29,120 Speaker 1: rather hard line, a number of Mulatto business owners, a 1282 01:12:29,160 --> 01:12:32,200 Speaker 1: lot of these rich mixed race elite, support his run 1283 01:12:32,320 --> 01:12:34,479 Speaker 1: for president because he assures them in private that he 1284 01:12:34,479 --> 01:12:37,760 Speaker 1: didn't really mean what he was saying. Okay, Like no, 1285 01:12:38,479 --> 01:12:41,320 Speaker 1: I'm just I'm saying. We all make campaign promises. It's 1286 01:12:41,400 --> 01:12:44,880 Speaker 1: like creature, like we're to remove all the light skin. 1287 01:12:45,800 --> 01:12:49,479 Speaker 1: We're not gonna really all the light skin. Gotta go 1288 01:12:51,040 --> 01:12:55,000 Speaker 1: Drake out of here. Yeah, it was his, It was 1289 01:12:55,120 --> 01:13:00,360 Speaker 1: his closing Guantanamo. Yeah, I just threw Drake under a buzz. 1290 01:13:00,760 --> 01:13:04,679 Speaker 1: I was about to say with Rob he just light skinned, 1291 01:13:06,960 --> 01:13:09,280 Speaker 1: shave it a heart into his head, Like we're not 1292 01:13:09,400 --> 01:13:15,040 Speaker 1: just put just irrationally salty. We you know, we still 1293 01:13:15,120 --> 01:13:17,479 Speaker 1: beef with the Mulatto's we need to really work this out. 1294 01:13:17,880 --> 01:13:19,880 Speaker 1: We still we need to really work this out with him. 1295 01:13:19,920 --> 01:13:22,639 Speaker 1: I got, I got no comment there, No, don't don't 1296 01:13:23,040 --> 01:13:25,880 Speaker 1: this in house debate here, guys. A matter of fact, 1297 01:13:26,439 --> 01:13:28,519 Speaker 1: one of the shows we did on the my mama 1298 01:13:28,600 --> 01:13:31,400 Speaker 1: told me with listing that was my episode about like 1299 01:13:31,600 --> 01:13:35,679 Speaker 1: light scared people are sensitive, and if this is the case, 1300 01:13:36,360 --> 01:13:38,800 Speaker 1: I'm like, well, we did try to run y'all out 1301 01:13:38,840 --> 01:13:42,320 Speaker 1: of Haiti, so maybe you got it. Honestly, this is 1302 01:13:42,479 --> 01:13:46,080 Speaker 1: obviously obviously, this is ridiculous. I don't really think about 1303 01:13:46,120 --> 01:13:48,280 Speaker 1: this about light scared people. But it was a very 1304 01:13:48,320 --> 01:13:53,920 Speaker 1: funny thing to point out. So from a right up 1305 01:13:53,960 --> 01:13:56,800 Speaker 1: by the New York Times here um about how de 1306 01:13:56,880 --> 01:13:59,200 Speaker 1: Volier kind of comes to power because it's not, you know, 1307 01:13:59,479 --> 01:14:02,720 Speaker 1: the election is a very flawed election, um. And and 1308 01:14:02,840 --> 01:14:04,360 Speaker 1: it's more a matter of who he's able to get 1309 01:14:04,400 --> 01:14:07,439 Speaker 1: in his corner before the quote unquote vote happens. Du 1310 01:14:07,520 --> 01:14:09,880 Speaker 1: Volier had the all important support of the army, whose 1311 01:14:09,920 --> 01:14:13,559 Speaker 1: generals considered him affectless puppet. Even his campaign workers openly 1312 01:14:13,600 --> 01:14:16,320 Speaker 1: boasted that they could easily manipulate him, and some rewrote 1313 01:14:16,400 --> 01:14:20,000 Speaker 1: his campaign speeches without even consulting him. She Haitian intellectuals 1314 01:14:20,040 --> 01:14:22,720 Speaker 1: who were later exiled have speculated that Duvolier, far from 1315 01:14:22,760 --> 01:14:25,639 Speaker 1: being a stupid pawn, cunningly stepped into a deceptive role 1316 01:14:25,680 --> 01:14:28,759 Speaker 1: as puppet and figurehead, playing various power blocks and interests 1317 01:14:28,760 --> 01:14:31,560 Speaker 1: against one another to divide and conquer. And conquer he 1318 01:14:31,640 --> 01:14:34,320 Speaker 1: did with an overwhelming majority in the election of September 1319 01:14:34,360 --> 01:14:37,920 Speaker 1: twenty two, nineteen fifty seven. He was inaugurated on October 1320 01:14:38,000 --> 01:14:40,800 Speaker 1: twenty two. The two dates were felicitous ones from his 1321 01:14:40,840 --> 01:14:43,360 Speaker 1: point of view, as Papa Doc had always considered twenty 1322 01:14:43,400 --> 01:14:45,679 Speaker 1: two his lucky number. He was to continue to hold 1323 01:14:45,720 --> 01:14:49,000 Speaker 1: it in superstitious reverence. Francois came to power with the 1324 01:14:49,000 --> 01:14:50,760 Speaker 1: support of the army, who are again in a very 1325 01:14:51,479 --> 01:14:54,160 Speaker 1: like themselves, in a pretty desperate situation in fifty seven. 1326 01:14:54,439 --> 01:14:57,800 Speaker 1: They were very unpopular, disorganized, not very well equipped or trained, 1327 01:14:57,800 --> 01:15:00,200 Speaker 1: and Francois saw this as an opportunity. He was a 1328 01:15:00,280 --> 01:15:02,599 Speaker 1: smart guy. He lived through a lot of military coups 1329 01:15:02,760 --> 01:15:04,240 Speaker 1: and he was not going to let that ship happen 1330 01:15:04,320 --> 01:15:06,360 Speaker 1: to him. So one of his first acts when he 1331 01:15:06,439 --> 01:15:09,920 Speaker 1: becomes president, um like two years after he takes office 1332 01:15:09,960 --> 01:15:12,839 Speaker 1: in nineteen fifty nine is he starts building a civilian 1333 01:15:12,920 --> 01:15:17,240 Speaker 1: militia which will be the Tonton mccoot. Are kind of 1334 01:15:17,720 --> 01:15:22,720 Speaker 1: described alternatingly as a secret police and a militia and 1335 01:15:23,040 --> 01:15:26,639 Speaker 1: uh an imperial guard. They're not really any of those, 1336 01:15:26,720 --> 01:15:28,799 Speaker 1: and they're kind of all of them. It's an interesting 1337 01:15:28,960 --> 01:15:32,600 Speaker 1: organization how he makes this as he starts drawing in 1338 01:15:32,760 --> 01:15:35,720 Speaker 1: poor young men from Capital City slums and he arms 1339 01:15:35,800 --> 01:15:38,000 Speaker 1: them with an antique guns that he found in the 1340 01:15:38,040 --> 01:15:40,679 Speaker 1: basement of the Presidential Palace, and he puts them under 1341 01:15:40,720 --> 01:15:42,840 Speaker 1: the command of his old friend Clement Barbeau, who had 1342 01:15:42,840 --> 01:15:45,719 Speaker 1: helped him hide out during the bad years. This militia 1343 01:15:46,120 --> 01:15:49,880 Speaker 1: he calls officially the Volunteers for National Security or vs N, 1344 01:15:50,200 --> 01:15:52,840 Speaker 1: and they become better known as the Tonton mccoot, whose 1345 01:15:52,920 --> 01:15:55,200 Speaker 1: name was taken from a myth about a Haitian uncle 1346 01:15:55,240 --> 01:15:57,800 Speaker 1: who kidnaps and punishes bad kids by trapping them in 1347 01:15:57,840 --> 01:16:01,479 Speaker 1: a gunny sack and then eating them for breakfast. H Um. Yeah, 1348 01:16:01,560 --> 01:16:04,080 Speaker 1: that's like they're not they're called that because they're scary, 1349 01:16:04,920 --> 01:16:09,000 Speaker 1: because people are terrified. Okay. Yeah. From the New York 1350 01:16:09,080 --> 01:16:12,559 Speaker 1: Times quote. Within weeks, hundreds of Davoliers political enemies were 1351 01:16:12,600 --> 01:16:15,439 Speaker 1: thrown into jail, others simply disappeared, and within a year, 1352 01:16:15,520 --> 01:16:17,920 Speaker 1: according to the later claim if Mr Barbow, more than 1353 01:16:17,960 --> 01:16:20,920 Speaker 1: three persons had been killed by the Tontons on Devolier's 1354 01:16:21,000 --> 01:16:25,800 Speaker 1: personal orders. And as we'll discuss in part two, Jason's 1355 01:16:25,800 --> 01:16:30,599 Speaker 1: only get worse from there. That's Part one. Some Haitian history, 1356 01:16:30,720 --> 01:16:34,759 Speaker 1: some Papa doc Papa good stuff, Good stuff man, Papa 1357 01:16:34,840 --> 01:16:39,200 Speaker 1: dot man. Go back to just battle rapping man, when 1358 01:16:39,240 --> 01:16:41,560 Speaker 1: you were just spitting bars to be rabbit. You know 1359 01:16:42,240 --> 01:16:46,120 Speaker 1: it was better than Yeah, you got any plugs for us? 1360 01:16:46,200 --> 01:16:50,160 Speaker 1: Prop man Hood Politics will PROP coming at you. Uh, 1361 01:16:50,320 --> 01:16:55,440 Speaker 1: We're we're cranking um in the Politics pod uh Instagram 1362 01:16:55,560 --> 01:16:59,760 Speaker 1: and in Twitter is cranking. We're doing silly takes on that. 1363 01:17:00,200 --> 01:17:02,880 Speaker 1: Uh you know, things that can't you know, become a 1364 01:17:02,960 --> 01:17:06,080 Speaker 1: full episode. So we're doing takes on that. Uh. Prop 1365 01:17:06,160 --> 01:17:10,280 Speaker 1: hip hop dot Com for the book and for the 1366 01:17:10,439 --> 01:17:14,439 Speaker 1: music and for the Instagram and the twitters. It's all 1367 01:17:14,479 --> 01:17:19,840 Speaker 1: proper hip hop right Well. Check out prop, check out 1368 01:17:19,960 --> 01:17:23,800 Speaker 1: Hood Politics, and check out I Got a book if 1369 01:17:23,840 --> 01:17:25,479 Speaker 1: you find it at a t r book dot com. 1370 01:17:25,600 --> 01:17:28,280 Speaker 1: You can find the podcast After the Revolution. Check that 1371 01:17:28,360 --> 01:17:31,320 Speaker 1: shout out too, I'm a man. I'm I'm I'm I'm 1372 01:17:31,479 --> 01:17:34,439 Speaker 1: I'm caught up on it with with with skull fucker 1373 01:17:34,520 --> 01:17:39,439 Speaker 1: on his uh. Every time I hear every time I 1374 01:17:39,560 --> 01:17:41,320 Speaker 1: hear the names on this, I'm like, I can totally 1375 01:17:41,360 --> 01:17:46,760 Speaker 1: picture Robert just giggling as you keep making these names, like, oh, 1376 01:17:47,000 --> 01:17:50,519 Speaker 1: oh no, you shouldn't. I will never write a British 1377 01:17:50,600 --> 01:17:53,400 Speaker 1: person into a story again. Oh would you trying to 1378 01:17:53,439 --> 01:17:58,080 Speaker 1: do the British terrible mistake on? Oh my god, it's 1379 01:17:58,280 --> 01:18:03,439 Speaker 1: so unbelively fun for me. Oh my god, I hate it. Yeah, 1380 01:18:04,200 --> 01:18:06,600 Speaker 1: I hate it. Well, I enjoy it. I enjoy you 1381 01:18:06,680 --> 01:18:10,160 Speaker 1: attempting to do the British accent. I love Robert. Hey, 1382 01:18:10,360 --> 01:18:13,720 Speaker 1: by the way, he thought he's British, not Australian, so 1383 01:18:15,120 --> 01:18:21,160 Speaker 1: that an island. I am on record as saying British 1384 01:18:21,200 --> 01:18:25,840 Speaker 1: and Australian people are the same thing. Um, one could argue, yeah, 1385 01:18:26,560 --> 01:18:29,719 Speaker 1: all right, well if you think British and Australian people 1386 01:18:29,760 --> 01:18:32,000 Speaker 1: are different, hit me up on Twitter and argue with me, 1387 01:18:32,120 --> 01:18:38,000 Speaker 1: but I will not respond to you episodes over Hey, everybody. 1388 01:18:38,080 --> 01:18:40,200 Speaker 1: Initially I was going to plug the go fund me 1389 01:18:40,360 --> 01:18:43,320 Speaker 1: for the sequel to my book. Um, after the Revolution, 1390 01:18:43,439 --> 01:18:45,400 Speaker 1: which you can find at a t r book dot com. 1391 01:18:45,920 --> 01:18:48,559 Speaker 1: But um, here in the Pacific Northwest, we're having an 1392 01:18:48,720 --> 01:18:52,880 Speaker 1: unprecedented heat wave and it's causing disastrous conditions, life threatening 1393 01:18:52,880 --> 01:18:55,519 Speaker 1: conditions for a lot of houseless people, a lot of 1394 01:18:55,520 --> 01:18:59,120 Speaker 1: people without air conditioning. UM, particularly in the city of Salem. 1395 01:18:59,320 --> 01:19:02,040 Speaker 1: UM activists everywhere have been kind of gathering to try 1396 01:19:02,160 --> 01:19:06,400 Speaker 1: and um mitigate set up cooling stations, hand out cold drinks, 1397 01:19:06,640 --> 01:19:09,000 Speaker 1: to do things to help people get their temperature down. UM. 1398 01:19:09,080 --> 01:19:11,519 Speaker 1: I want to try and raise funds for the Free 1399 01:19:11,560 --> 01:19:14,640 Speaker 1: Fridge of Salem, UM, which are doing cooling stations in 1400 01:19:14,680 --> 01:19:17,240 Speaker 1: the capital of Oregon, Salem. So if you go to 1401 01:19:17,400 --> 01:19:21,960 Speaker 1: venmo At Free Fridge Salem, that's venemo At Free Fridge Salem, 1402 01:19:22,080 --> 01:19:24,280 Speaker 1: and send them a couple of bucks, they could really 1403 01:19:24,400 --> 01:19:27,479 Speaker 1: use it. UM. Local government has destroyed a number like 1404 01:19:27,640 --> 01:19:30,320 Speaker 1: police particularly have destroyed a number of water and cooling 1405 01:19:30,400 --> 01:19:33,320 Speaker 1: stations they've set out. UM. It's you know, we're not 1406 01:19:33,360 --> 01:19:35,040 Speaker 1: going to be in triple digit heats for the next 1407 01:19:35,120 --> 01:19:38,240 Speaker 1: couple of days after I'm recording this on Monday, but 1408 01:19:38,400 --> 01:19:40,439 Speaker 1: it's still going to be very hot. People still need this, 1409 01:19:40,560 --> 01:19:43,840 Speaker 1: so please venmo At Free fridge Salem. If you have 1410 01:19:44,400 --> 01:19:47,479 Speaker 1: the wherewithal and the financial resources to do so one 1411 01:19:47,520 --> 01:19:51,160 Speaker 1: more time, the Venemo is at free fridge Salem. Thanks