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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the all new Toyota Corolla. Welcome

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Speaker 1: to you stuff you should know from House Stuff Works

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Speaker 1: dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark,

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Speaker 1: and there's Charles W Chuck Bryant, and with us today

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Speaker 1: is our friend and rotating guest producer Matt. That's right,

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Speaker 1: stuff they don't want you to know. Yeah. At Frederick,

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Speaker 1: he winsome and charming. At Frederick, yeah, he wins some.

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Speaker 1: He drunk texts me, Oh my god, you can't tell

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Speaker 1: people there. Sure again, Oh that's not very nice. He

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Speaker 1: sober texts me too. So uh, we're Matt. He's all right,

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Speaker 1: he's great, dude, and we're glad you're here. Matt. Can

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Speaker 1: you see us here? You Before we get started, I

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Speaker 1: feel like we should um give a shout out to

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Speaker 1: our buddies over at co ED. Yeah, you want to

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Speaker 1: tell everybody about COED real quick? Who doesn't know? Yes,

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Speaker 1: the Cooperaate for Education. We went on a trip to

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Speaker 1: them with Guatemala a few years ago and they are

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Speaker 1: a nonprofit who tries to break the cycle of poverty

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Speaker 1: through education for school children in Guatemala and the model. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's very it's good stuff. And UM, we'd like to

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Speaker 1: give them shout outs because we genuinely believe in their organization.

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Speaker 1: And we said that any stuff you should know listener

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Speaker 1: who became a scholarship sponsor with co ED, UM, we

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Speaker 1: would read your name on the heirs. Thanks, that's right.

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Speaker 1: So we're going to do that now because we've already

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Speaker 1: done it once and stuff you should know listeners, just

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Speaker 1: keep continuing to give. So we have another batch of people.

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Speaker 1: And if you're interested in giving, you don't have to.

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Speaker 1: We don't have to read your name on the air.

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Speaker 1: I mean I think you need to give permission to

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Speaker 1: co ED to tell us, like, yes, read these people's names. Um,

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Speaker 1: you can do it anonymously. You can do whatever you want.

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Speaker 1: But just go to uh C, O E d UC

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Speaker 1: dot org and you'll learn all about co ED and

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Speaker 1: there's all sorts of places for you to sign up

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Speaker 1: to help in a lot of different ways. Um. So

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Speaker 1: we've got some people some stuff you should know listeners

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Speaker 1: that became scholarship sponsors, UM, starting with Chris Marino, Way

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Speaker 1: to go, Chris, Linda McCarty and Mike Trick. I knew

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Speaker 1: you were gonna give me this way, Cameron. Yes, nice,

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Speaker 1: Is that right? Viceness or that viciness? Yeah, the W

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Speaker 1: is pronounced like a V in Germanic languages from what

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Speaker 1: I understand. Yeah, well you know, yeah, who else, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: I've got Raymond Breen. You skipped over justin Sechina. That's why,

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Speaker 1: that's why c H E n A justin Sechina, and

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Speaker 1: I think we have we got one more on their,

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Speaker 1: Caleb Weeks. Hey, we know Caleb. We know Caleb. He's

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Speaker 1: all over like Twitter and Facebook and emails us and

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Speaker 1: hey Caleb, Yeah, he's he's he's a big fan and

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Speaker 1: a big supporter of us as well. That's very nice.

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Speaker 1: And finally we have Joe Barkovich. That's right. Thanks a lot, guys,

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Speaker 1: we appreciate you giving the co ed and uh we

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Speaker 1: hope that more of you who are just hearing about this.

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Speaker 1: Now we'll go out and do it yourself. C O

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Speaker 1: E d U see dot org. That's right, all right,

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Speaker 1: so Chuck, Yes, we're talking about a guy, very special,

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Speaker 1: guy special. His name is Stephen Hawking with a pH

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Speaker 1: that's right, with a pH d like that. Uh, brilliant physicists,

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Speaker 1: brilliant mind. If you haven't seen the Errol Morris documentary. Oh,

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Speaker 1: I didn't know there was one on him. Yeah, he

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Speaker 1: did The Brief History of Time, which is neat a

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Speaker 1: documentary about Stephen Hawking, not really about the book. I

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Speaker 1: think there's a movie version of the book. I think

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Speaker 1: I have heard that too, but I haven't seen that.

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Speaker 1: I haven't either, But that was his best seller. Um

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Speaker 1: basically explaining making kind of doing what we do, explaining

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Speaker 1: things in a more accessible way that are complex. But

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Speaker 1: he doesn't way better than I. That's why he's like

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Speaker 1: a darling of the media and of everybody, basically, because

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Speaker 1: he's really really good typically at explaining really complex stuff

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Speaker 1: in in a way that the average joke can kind

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Speaker 1: of understand, which is that is, I mean, what we

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Speaker 1: strive to do. They're making a movie about him now, actually,

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Speaker 1: oh yeah, played by Jared Leto No good guess played

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Speaker 1: by Eddie Redmaine. Who U. He sounds like a World

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Speaker 1: War One ace pilot or something. It kind of looks

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Speaker 1: like one. Yeah, have you seen the lay Miss movie? No?

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Speaker 1: Have you seen My Week with Maryland? No? Okay, he

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Speaker 1: was in those anything else he was another stuff, But

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Speaker 1: those are the two most notable things. It's called The

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Speaker 1: Theory of Everything. It's the new one, and it's really

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Speaker 1: about the love story between he and his first wife.

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Speaker 1: And I saw pictures of him, and he looks just

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Speaker 1: like him. They did a really good job. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: think they gave him some different teeth than you know,

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Speaker 1: put on the glasses and messed up his hair and

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Speaker 1: but then the wheelchair and yeah, yeah you're now Stephen Hawking.

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Speaker 1: But I think they're shooting that like literally right now.

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Speaker 1: So I'm looking forward to that one. And he released

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Speaker 1: stayed on that. I have no idea. Okay, it seems

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Speaker 1: like a long time for that. Yeah, they're really putting

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Speaker 1: their heart and soul into it, I guess. So. So

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Speaker 1: there's plenty of stuff that, I mean, everybody's heard of

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Speaker 1: Stephen Hawking, but there's um some pretty interesting little tidbits

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Speaker 1: about the man, the myth, his life, um that I

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Speaker 1: didn't know about until we read this article that I

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Speaker 1: think is worth sharing frankly, because if we don't share it,

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Speaker 1: what are we doing here? That's right. So one of

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Speaker 1: the things, um, just to start off, is that he

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Speaker 1: never won the Nobel Prize. As smart as the stude is, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: has not yet won the Nobel Prize. He's still got time.

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Speaker 1: Oh yeah, for sure, I think I said has never Yeah,

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Speaker 1: I hope I did. It sounded like there was some finality.

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Speaker 1: It's just never gonna happen. Try all you on, but

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Speaker 1: this pillar of the physics and mathematics community has never

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Speaker 1: won a Nobel Prize. Yeah, it is surprising. We're gonna

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Speaker 1: rely on punts for this one, okay. Uh. He was

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Speaker 1: born on January eight, nine two, which was also the

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Speaker 1: three anniversary of Galileo's death, right, which is just mere coincidence,

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Speaker 1: but it's a nice did bit, he says, who uh

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Speaker 1: And he is obviously was diagnosed with ALS at the

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Speaker 1: age of twenty one, Luke Garrig's disease and given just

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Speaker 1: a few years to live. And um, that was a

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Speaker 1: long time ago. It was. Um. He was born in

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Speaker 1: nineteen forty two, so he's what, um, seventy one now. Um. No,

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Speaker 1: he'll be seventy four very soon, in about a month

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Speaker 1: or so. Anyway, he um. When he was just before

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Speaker 1: his twenty one birthday, he started noticing. He was in

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Speaker 1: grad school at Oxford, and he started noticing that he

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Speaker 1: was getting clumsier running into stuff, having like tripping that

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Speaker 1: kind of thing, and it was apparently pronounced enough that

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Speaker 1: his family said, you're going to the doctor while you're

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Speaker 1: home visiting for Christmas break and so he um went

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Speaker 1: into the hospital for a battery of tests for two weeks.

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Speaker 1: That's an awful experience as in and of itself, I'm sure.

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Speaker 1: But then to top it off, they said, oh, well

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Speaker 1: we found out what's wrong with you. You have a LS,

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Speaker 1: which stands for immo trophic lateral sclerosis YEA or Luke

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Speaker 1: Garrig's disease, because Luke Garret most famously had it. That's right,

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Speaker 1: And it's just a neurological condition where you're voluntary muscle

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Speaker 1: control is lost, right, Yeah, and uh, typically you will

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Speaker 1: die a few years after contracting it from a couple

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Speaker 1: of things. Well, after symptoms show up, but what motor

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Speaker 1: neurons running your breathing muscles start to fail for uh,

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Speaker 1: deterioration of your swallowing muscles. That's a big one. So

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Speaker 1: basically you drown like it ends up being respiratory. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: usually go, but it's there's a lot of forms of it,

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Speaker 1: and he doesn't have either one of those conditions, so

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Speaker 1: he's good to go. Basically and has or has been

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Speaker 1: for a long time, especially with this talking box. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he controls that with his cheek. Now, I have no

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Speaker 1: idea how that works though. So Um, he's got the

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Speaker 1: A L. S. Luke Garrig's disease, that's right, Um, but

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Speaker 1: he hasn't really let it slow him down. Prior to that,

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Speaker 1: he wasn't exactly like a real athletic type anyway. But

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Speaker 1: he was on the rowing team at Oxford, which was

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Speaker 1: a huge deal. Rowing team at Oxford equals um football

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Speaker 1: team at Georgia, sure, maybe even more. What's more than

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Speaker 1: that football team in Ohio state? Even Oh that's more lately?

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Speaker 1: Did you see the Vanderbilt came Yeah, I don't want

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Speaker 1: to talk about that. I don't neither. So um, he

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Speaker 1: was the coxswain on the rowing team. He's the guy

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Speaker 1: who goes stroke stroke stroke, And I did know this

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Speaker 1: until I read this article. The coxwain doesn't just set

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Speaker 1: the rhythm for a rowing they also steer. You didn't

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Speaker 1: know that, No, I had no idea. Yeah, I thought

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Speaker 1: it was strictly um being basically like a human metronome,

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Speaker 1: you know. But he, Um, this little pip squeaky guy

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Speaker 1: was on the rowing team as the coxwain and like

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Speaker 1: really became popular, so much so that while he was

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Speaker 1: at Oxford, he kind of threw himself into the rowing

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Speaker 1: team or crew as we call it in America. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: to the detriment of his studies, even for a while.

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Speaker 1: Um and speaking of studies, he getting an Oxford wasn't

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Speaker 1: a foregone conclusion for this guy because he wasn't a

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Speaker 1: great student in grade school. And um, I wasn't so

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Speaker 1: surprised by that that he was average too poor in

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Speaker 1: grade school, because I think a lot of these super geniuses,

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Speaker 1: it's like it's so not even beneath them, but they're

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Speaker 1: still beyond that. They might have a hard time and

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Speaker 1: just in regular class room settings, you know. Oh yeah,

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Speaker 1: so it was challenged, like you're probably not going to

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Speaker 1: do very well in school. So those of you who

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Speaker 1: are board in school and don't have good grades, don't

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Speaker 1: go up. Hope you may be a genius. Yeah, But

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Speaker 1: even at the time, uh, there was something about him,

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Speaker 1: like he was obviously a smart kid even though he

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Speaker 1: wasn't getting good grades. Because his school his classmates named him,

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Speaker 1: nicknamed him Einstein, which is about as pression as you

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Speaker 1: can get and it wasn't because of his fluffy white

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Speaker 1: mustache in the fourth grade. But his parents both went

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Speaker 1: to Oxford and they wanted him to go there. And um,

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Speaker 1: he was a great test taker and he aced his exams,

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Speaker 1: almost got a perfect score on the physics exam unsurprisingly,

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Speaker 1: but rather than going into physics, his father, Frank I

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Speaker 1: believe his name is, said, no, I want you to

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Speaker 1: be a doctor. You're going to serve the world by

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Speaker 1: being a doctor. And so uh, a little Stephen goes

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Speaker 1: and tries to take some biology classes and says, this

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Speaker 1: is sciences is imprecise, it's descriptive, it's subjective, Like I

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Speaker 1: can't be no, I don't want to do this. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: He was not into biology. Um, and I wasn't either,

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Speaker 1: but he was way into physics, whereas I was not.

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Speaker 1: Um And when he went to Oxford, they were like, well,

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Speaker 1: we got a couple of programs. We have the traditional

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Speaker 1: particle physics where you study sub atomic particles and that's

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Speaker 1: old school, where we have this newish kind of thing

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Speaker 1: called cosmology, which isn't even a isn't even a real

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Speaker 1: field yet, like we're trying it out here. Yeah, and

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Speaker 1: he was like, I am all over that because I

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Speaker 1: want to learn about bigger things, not smaller things. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: because they're basically the two different approaches to the same thing.

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Speaker 1: Like particles studies the very small parts that make up

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Speaker 1: the universe, and cosmology is the sum of those parts

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Speaker 1: and how they interact. Yeah, of course he would get

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Speaker 1: into both eventually. Yeah, well, I think you kind of

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Speaker 1: have to have an understanding both else you're just Although

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Speaker 1: bet if your particle physicist, you can just kind of

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Speaker 1: be in your lab running tests and setting out data,

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Speaker 1: and the cosmologists use that as well. Yeah, but because back,

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Speaker 1: I'm sure it's I bet cosmology. I bet they study

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Speaker 1: particle physics more than particle physics. People study cosmology. We'll

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Speaker 1: prove us wrong. People prove us wrong. That was the

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Speaker 1: nerdiest like exchange we've ever had. I think it's up

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Speaker 1: there for sure. So out of the study of cosmology, UM,

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Speaker 1: his probably his biggest contribution to date to science to

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Speaker 1: cosmology popular culture would be A Brief History of Time,

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Speaker 1: But his biggest contribution to his field is UM something

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Speaker 1: that the author of this article calls the boundless universe theory,

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Speaker 1: which I couldn't really find anywhere else every everywhere else

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Speaker 1: on the internet. If the type in boundless universe theory,

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Speaker 1: it just brings up this article and like people copying

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Speaker 1: and pasting this article in the body. Yeah, did this

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Speaker 1: guy invent this title? And I don't. Yeah, I guess so,

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Speaker 1: because there is something out there that describes this, but

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Speaker 1: nobody else calls it boundless universe theory. Really yeah, but

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Speaker 1: this is the big contribution. And here it's about the

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Speaker 1: time that your brain will start to melt. Uh. Yes,

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Speaker 1: he worked with the guy named Jim Hartle and came

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Speaker 1: up with a theory in that the universe is limitless.

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Speaker 1: Yet why is that funny? I could actually hear the

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Speaker 1: hyphen in the Yeah. Uh, it is a contained thing

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Speaker 1: yet it has no boundaries. Right, So, like I said,

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Speaker 1: your mind melts. But wait, this is why Stephen Hawking

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Speaker 1: is awesome. How can that be? Josh, Well, he says,

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Speaker 1: visualize the Earth, the service of the Earth. It's it's contained,

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Speaker 1: but it's also boundless. Like if you travel across the

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Speaker 1: edge of the Earth, you never reached the edge. True,

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Speaker 1: So he said, it's just visualize the surface of the Earth.

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Speaker 1: But the surface of the Earth is you know, two dimensional,

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Speaker 1: This is four dimensional. See, that's where my mind is

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Speaker 1: already blown. Yeah. I didn't even try to follow that.

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Speaker 1: But what what they're saying is um and the larger

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Speaker 1: implication of this is that what Um, Hardle and Hawking

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Speaker 1: did was they took Richard Feynman's quantum theory of the

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Speaker 1: universe and married it to Einstein's theory of relativity to

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Speaker 1: come up with this idea that the universe didn't emerge

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Speaker 1: from a black hole. Um. Instead, it it came out

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Speaker 1: of the Big Bang, and as a result, spacetime, which

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Speaker 1: is exactly what it sounds like, travels if you're looking

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Speaker 1: at it like a a the Earth, the Big Bank

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Speaker 1: takes place of the north pole. So as you're traveling

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Speaker 1: southward towards the equator, these lines of latitude get bigger, right,

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Speaker 1: and Um, those represents space time. So it's kind of

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Speaker 1: like time doesn't exist. And I don't think that's true,

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Speaker 1: So don't email me. I'm just saying my own interpretation

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Speaker 1: of this. At the Big Bang Big Bang happens, time

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Speaker 1: and space start to exist. They go outward expanding, and

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Speaker 1: then once you hit the equator, that's the apex, that's

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Speaker 1: the peak, and then they start to come back in.

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Speaker 1: And the the upshot of this is that eventually, by

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Speaker 1: Hawkings reckoning, in about twenty billion years, spacetime will collapse

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Speaker 1: in on itself again, meaning our entire universe will collapse

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Speaker 1: upon itself. Yeah, it's finite, but it's boundless, mind blown, right,

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Speaker 1: And like Chuck, what we just did, like isn't even

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Speaker 1: It's probably the most rickety terrible interpretation of the of

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Speaker 1: that ever, but I think that that's generally the it's

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Speaker 1: it's an interpretation. Hey, I got one for you, okay,

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Speaker 1: if we're listening Hawking things, And I just found this

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Speaker 1: out today, did you know that he had a really

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Speaker 1: bad situation with his second wife. No, he married his

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Speaker 1: first wife, Jane, and credits her with giving him reasons

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Speaker 1: to live, like right after he was diagnosed, Like he

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Speaker 1: met her the week he was diagnosed, and that's what

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Speaker 1: they're making this love story about. And they were married

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Speaker 1: for quite a long time until the mid nineties and

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Speaker 1: they divorced and he married one of his nurses, Elaine Mason,

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Speaker 1: and reportedly she was an awful, awful person. Reportedly reportedly

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Speaker 1: like basically everybody who knew her, like he was sort

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Speaker 1: of strange from his family for a long time because

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Speaker 1: of her controlling, manipulative bullying and rumors and investigations into

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Speaker 1: the fact that she may have physically abused him. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: his wife and nurse uh fractured his wrists by slamming

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Speaker 1: it onto a wheelchair. And this is all allegedly because

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Speaker 1: he denied it. But people close to him said he

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Speaker 1: would never admit that, because that would admit that he

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Speaker 1: really screwed up by making this decision. Ah let him

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Speaker 1: pee himself by like not giving him his you know,

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Speaker 1: the means to do so. She uh submerged him in

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Speaker 1: a bathtub, like letting his tricky outomy tube fill up

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Speaker 1: with water. Oh my god, and left him out in

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Speaker 1: the sun and like the hottest days of the year.

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Speaker 1: He had heat stroke and severe sunburned. And he denied that.

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Speaker 1: They investigated, and basically the cops wal there was nothing

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Speaker 1: we can do. He's saying the stuff didn't happen. Yet

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Speaker 1: he would show up like bruises and cuts and things

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Speaker 1: and say, yeah, like I've ran into a door again today.

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Speaker 1: They're like, you're in a wheelchair. You can't really do that.

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Speaker 1: I guess you can. Um And they divorced in two

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Speaker 1: thousand six, when did they get married? So there's a

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Speaker 1: Vanity Fair article about it was like really disturbing. Any

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Speaker 1: of that true, that's awful, let alone all of it

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Speaker 1: combined together. Jeez. So there's that that was that was uplifting, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: I've got one for you. Um he. A couple of

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Speaker 1: years back, HuffPo reported that, um he was a frequent

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Speaker 1: visitor to a California sex club, Freedom Makers, and like

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Speaker 1: some somebody who went there said that like he, they'd

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Speaker 1: seen him there more than a handful of times. Interesting

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Speaker 1: like basically getting laft and it's pretty unmistakable guy. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: doubt he would confuse him. But Oxford, I believe it

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Speaker 1: was Oxford came out and said that is b s.

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Speaker 1: He did go to this place once basically like as

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Speaker 1: a joke, as the guest of a friend or something

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Speaker 1: like that. But he's certainly not a member. He's certainly

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Speaker 1: not a frequent visitor. And like this person who's saying

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Speaker 1: this is a liar. Thin got dropped after that, but he,

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Speaker 1: um he, he does have a great wit. That's another

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Speaker 1: thing he's known for being a charmer. Yeah, and um

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Speaker 1: the he was asked I think the Guardian asked him, like,

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Speaker 1: if there's anything that he didn't understand or that baffled

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Speaker 1: them in the universe. And his answer was women said,

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Speaker 1: they're a total mystery to me. So there is at

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Speaker 1: least one thing, but black holes not the case. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: he lost a bet on black holes and was man

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Speaker 1: enough to admit it. In two thousand four. Uh, he

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Speaker 1: made a bet with um, a fellow scientist named John Preskill. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and they did well. I let's talk about black holes

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Speaker 1: for a second here. I guess. Stars are these big,

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Speaker 1: huge things that burned tons of energy, the sons of

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Speaker 1: star Son is a star. You should go back and

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Speaker 1: revisit our Sun podcast. That's a great one. Uh. And

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Speaker 1: they have a ton of mass and a ton of gravity,

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Speaker 1: which is great as long as they're burning and doing

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Speaker 1: fine because there are nuclear explosions pushing outward. Yeah, just

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Speaker 1: gravities ing it inwards. So they find this happy balance

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Speaker 1: massive amounts of mass and gravity. When they die, though,

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Speaker 1: something bad happens and the gravity says, I am funny,

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Speaker 1: something bad happened. That's hilarious. Well, if you're a star,

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Speaker 1: I guess, um, unless like that's the apex of being

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Speaker 1: a star. Maybe, man I get to be a black

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Speaker 1: hole to burn out. Well, that was a spoiler. They

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Speaker 1: become black holes because gravity wins out and becomes stronger

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Speaker 1: and it collapses on itself. And that that is what

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Speaker 1: a black hole is, right. It's just all the matter

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Speaker 1: in the star combined in this little dense ball that's

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Speaker 1: so dense and has such an amount of mass clustered

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Speaker 1: into one little part that it actually bends the fabric

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Speaker 1: of space and time. And so that's your black hole.

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Speaker 1: It's really a black well in the fabric of space

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Speaker 1: and time. Uh. And so that's a black hole. And supposedly, no, not,

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Speaker 1: not even light can escape once it passes an event horizon.

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Speaker 1: And um, who did he have the bet with pres Skill?

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Speaker 1: So press Skill and Hawking disagreed about whether or not

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Speaker 1: anything called information, which would be light, particles, anything, anything

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Speaker 1: at all escaping black holes. Hawking said no, Preskill said yes.

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Speaker 1: And then later on Hawking figured out that Prescoe was right, um,

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Speaker 1: that if you did go into a black hole, you

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Speaker 1: would get all jumbled up and distorted, but you information

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Speaker 1: about you, particles, whatever could escape. Um. And therefore there's

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Speaker 1: no such thing as a true event horizon. There's a

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Speaker 1: pseudo event horizon, because if you have a genuine event horizon,

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Speaker 1: nothing could ever come back out. I wonder what the

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Speaker 1: bet was. They don't, they don't say. I found out

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Speaker 1: it was a m because it was information escaping a

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Speaker 1: black hole. They they they bet um and an encyclopedia

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Speaker 1: of the winner's choice, and encyclopedia being a place from

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Speaker 1: which information is easily retrieved. And I think press Gil

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Speaker 1: wanted a baseball encyclopedia because you know, smart guys, they're

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Speaker 1: into sports. They're into baseball. Yeah, that's true. It's the

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Speaker 1: thinking man's game. Um. I thought it might have been

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Speaker 1: a trip back to the gentleman's club freedommakers. Yeah, you're

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Speaker 1: buying all right. Here's one that I didn't realize. Uh.

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Speaker 1: He's written to children's books with his daughter Lucy, and

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Speaker 1: they have a trilogy and uh, the first one in

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Speaker 1: two thousand and seven was called Georgia's Secret Key to

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Speaker 1: the Universe and it's about a little boy named George

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Speaker 1: who has these leadite parents that he can't stand, so

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Speaker 1: he kills them. He doesn't kill them, um, but technology

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Speaker 1: to kill him. Nobody has a neighbor who he really

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Speaker 1: cottons too because he's a physicist and has a computer.

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Speaker 1: It just happens to have the most powerful computer in

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Speaker 1: the world at his house, that's right. And that computer

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Speaker 1: offers offers portals that they can see into outer space.

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Speaker 1: So George is super stoked about this, right, So there's

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Speaker 1: Georgia's Secret Key of the Universe. They followed that with

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Speaker 1: George's Cosmic Treasure Hunt, and then in two eleven they

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Speaker 1: had George in The Big Bang. Yeah, and that was

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Speaker 1: their children's book trilogy. And I think when they interviewed

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Speaker 1: Lucy In and him, people are like, we shouldn't be

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Speaker 1: surprised because this is sort of just another extension of

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Speaker 1: what he's trying to do his whole life, which is

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Speaker 1: explained things. And that's what the book does for children.

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Speaker 1: It's it's not just a fantastical story. It kind of

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Speaker 1: introduces them to things like physics and black holes and

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Speaker 1: or black wells. Right, you're gonna coin that, I think

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Speaker 1: if somebody else already has um. All right, well, chuck,

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Speaker 1: before we keep going. We got some more stuff up

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Speaker 1: our sleep, possibly the most surprising things you can think of,

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Speaker 1: That about Hawking coming up after this message break. All right,

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Speaker 1: so you're about to blow my doors with some surprises. Okay,

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Speaker 1: I think you know all this. You read the same

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Speaker 1: article I did, being coy okay. Um Hawking has said

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Speaker 1: publicly that he believed in the possibility of alien life,

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Speaker 1: and not just primitive alien life, which he suggests is

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Speaker 1: possibly common. He's actually a proponent of panspermia, which is

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Speaker 1: um basically like say a meteor bringing the basics of

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Speaker 1: life from Mars to Earth um, but also possibly intelligent life,

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Speaker 1: although he says it's probably few and far between. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: but the fact that he was on record for this

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Speaker 1: is pretty surprising. Sure, he said it to NASA. He was.

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Speaker 1: He came out as an alien life supporter to NASA.

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Speaker 1: I wonder if belon though, and told his wife he

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Speaker 1: was like, I get this. I told NASA I thought

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Speaker 1: there might be intelligent line over there. Here's where my

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Speaker 1: mind was blown a little bit. He says, we might

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Speaker 1: need to be uh wary of them though, if they come,

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Speaker 1: because they probably won't be DNA based, which you just

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Speaker 1: can't even wrap your head around. Well, yeah, you know, um,

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Speaker 1: I remember having my mind blown. The younger person, I

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Speaker 1: think it was Michael Crichton. In one of his books,

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Speaker 1: he just was mentioning off handedly how aliens might not

422
00:25:08,280 --> 00:25:12,320
Speaker 1: even be like might they might be intelligent crystals or

423
00:25:12,359 --> 00:25:14,760
Speaker 1: something like that. They can something we just had, we

424
00:25:14,840 --> 00:25:18,919
Speaker 1: wouldn't recommise at all. Yeah, which is I think probably

425
00:25:19,359 --> 00:25:21,760
Speaker 1: the likelier case. Like he's saying, d n A is

426
00:25:21,840 --> 00:25:25,639
Speaker 1: not essential a life. It can be a lot of

427
00:25:25,680 --> 00:25:27,359
Speaker 1: other things as long as you have some sort of

428
00:25:27,400 --> 00:25:31,720
Speaker 1: replicating basis of life. That there you go. That's sort

429
00:25:31,720 --> 00:25:34,640
Speaker 1: of old school like Lovecraft and all those early sci

430
00:25:34,680 --> 00:25:38,359
Speaker 1: fi horror writers. Remember, their common method was always to

431
00:25:38,359 --> 00:25:41,240
Speaker 1: be like it cannot even be described. That was always

432
00:25:41,240 --> 00:25:46,880
Speaker 1: their copse unnamable. Um. But the way he describes aliens

433
00:25:46,920 --> 00:25:51,240
Speaker 1: and potentially smart aliens is sort of just like you

434
00:25:51,280 --> 00:25:54,399
Speaker 1: would see in the movies, like, hey, they may be

435
00:25:54,520 --> 00:25:57,480
Speaker 1: nomads who ran out of resources and they're coming to

436
00:25:57,520 --> 00:26:00,040
Speaker 1: Earth for hours and then that's straight out of a

437
00:26:00,160 --> 00:26:07,080
Speaker 1: sci fi movie. Or are we the aliens? No, I'm

438
00:26:07,119 --> 00:26:09,000
Speaker 1: just saying like that's kind of what the we're at

439
00:26:09,040 --> 00:26:11,840
Speaker 1: the very cusp of that as well. Yeah, I remember

440
00:26:11,840 --> 00:26:14,280
Speaker 1: when like an elementary school, when at some point the

441
00:26:14,320 --> 00:26:17,040
Speaker 1: first mind blow is probably like we could be just

442
00:26:17,280 --> 00:26:20,159
Speaker 1: a speck on the fingernail, like some giant in some

443
00:26:20,240 --> 00:26:24,120
Speaker 1: other world. Wun't that neat that they ended? Um? Uh

444
00:26:24,160 --> 00:26:29,040
Speaker 1: the Grinch like that the movie? Yeah, I don't remember. Yeah,

445
00:26:29,080 --> 00:26:31,080
Speaker 1: that's how it ends. What do you mean like it?

446
00:26:31,600 --> 00:26:34,600
Speaker 1: He Ron Howard starts panning out out and out and

447
00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:38,600
Speaker 1: out from pulling out. Yeah, so pan is only going

448
00:26:38,640 --> 00:26:41,440
Speaker 1: in now. Panting is left and right okay, other where

449
00:26:41,480 --> 00:26:43,520
Speaker 1: you push interor pull out Okay, Well he's pulling out

450
00:26:43,520 --> 00:26:46,199
Speaker 1: and out and out now. And um you finally realize

451
00:26:46,240 --> 00:26:49,840
Speaker 1: that Whoville is part of like a Adam that makes

452
00:26:49,920 --> 00:26:53,960
Speaker 1: up a snowflake. Oh, I don't remember that. Yeah, that

453
00:26:54,080 --> 00:26:57,080
Speaker 1: was a great way to end it. Pretty brilliant. Um. Also,

454
00:26:57,280 --> 00:26:59,639
Speaker 1: Stephen Hawking believes in time travel. He's been on the

455
00:26:59,640 --> 00:27:02,240
Speaker 1: record about that. Remember in our time travel episode that

456
00:27:02,280 --> 00:27:07,800
Speaker 1: we did at Yeah, we he like theorized this huge

457
00:27:07,880 --> 00:27:11,800
Speaker 1: machine that you could use to travel forward in time. Yeah,

458
00:27:11,840 --> 00:27:16,679
Speaker 1: but not back when his Yeah? Yeah? Uh do you

459
00:27:16,680 --> 00:27:21,960
Speaker 1: have anything else any surprising Hawking Hawk facts? Uh? He

460
00:27:21,960 --> 00:27:24,560
Speaker 1: held a chair for thirty years, which is basically like

461
00:27:24,600 --> 00:27:31,240
Speaker 1: a position at Cambridge um the Lucazian Professor of Mathematics

462
00:27:31,240 --> 00:27:34,960
Speaker 1: at Cambridge in this chair of this position at this

463
00:27:35,080 --> 00:27:38,600
Speaker 1: university dates back to sixteen sixty three. He held it

464
00:27:38,640 --> 00:27:42,680
Speaker 1: for thirty years. The guy who held it the second position,

465
00:27:42,720 --> 00:27:45,600
Speaker 1: the second person to hold that was Isaac Newton. Yeah,

466
00:27:45,680 --> 00:27:48,639
Speaker 1: that's not bad. That's pretty cool. So his nickname was Einstein.

467
00:27:49,240 --> 00:27:52,920
Speaker 1: He had the same job literally as Isaac Newton. He's

468
00:27:52,920 --> 00:27:55,880
Speaker 1: doing pretty good for himself. Presidential Medal of Freedom here

469
00:27:55,920 --> 00:27:59,720
Speaker 1: and Commander of the British Empire, which is what non

470
00:27:59,720 --> 00:28:02,600
Speaker 1: brit skit I think, instead of being knighted. But still

471
00:28:02,880 --> 00:28:08,040
Speaker 1: James Bond is the commander. Oh yeah, but still no

472
00:28:08,040 --> 00:28:12,119
Speaker 1: Nobel prize. No for Bond or Hawking. Yeah, well, I

473
00:28:12,119 --> 00:28:18,159
Speaker 1: mean breaking bad wanted on their last season. That's funny.

474
00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:20,159
Speaker 1: Didn't they win the Nobel? I don't think so. I

475
00:28:20,160 --> 00:28:22,480
Speaker 1: don't think they did. They wanted to me. Uh. If

476
00:28:22,520 --> 00:28:24,960
Speaker 1: you want to learn more about Stephen Hawking, you can

477
00:28:25,040 --> 00:28:28,200
Speaker 1: type that into the search bar Stephen with the pH

478
00:28:28,200 --> 00:28:31,320
Speaker 1: remember um at how stuff works dot com. And since

479
00:28:31,359 --> 00:28:35,040
Speaker 1: I said search bar, friends, it is time for listener mail.

480
00:28:37,040 --> 00:28:41,720
Speaker 1: I'm gonna call this last call for alcohol. And this

481
00:28:41,760 --> 00:28:45,160
Speaker 1: guy Dan describes something that we're familiar with, but we're

482
00:28:45,160 --> 00:28:48,080
Speaker 1: gonna read it anyway in case people don't know. Hey, guys,

483
00:28:48,080 --> 00:28:49,640
Speaker 1: and Dan and I'm a big fan of live in

484
00:28:49,680 --> 00:28:52,360
Speaker 1: New York City and listen to you drop knowledge on

485
00:28:52,440 --> 00:28:55,240
Speaker 1: my way to and from work at an East Harlem

486
00:28:55,240 --> 00:28:58,440
Speaker 1: beer and wine bar called a b v uh. And

487
00:28:58,480 --> 00:29:00,720
Speaker 1: it was here where I discovered it unique use for

488
00:29:00,800 --> 00:29:03,240
Speaker 1: your work. I don't know if you guys are aware,

489
00:29:03,320 --> 00:29:05,840
Speaker 1: but bars have something called last call. That is when

490
00:29:05,840 --> 00:29:09,880
Speaker 1: the bartender offers folks one last drink before finishing up,

491
00:29:10,360 --> 00:29:14,160
Speaker 1: usually about fifteen minutes before standard closing time. The idea

492
00:29:14,280 --> 00:29:16,480
Speaker 1: is that the customer will use the remaining fifteen minutes

493
00:29:16,520 --> 00:29:20,560
Speaker 1: to finish up the drinks and then hit bricks. Uh.

494
00:29:20,600 --> 00:29:23,080
Speaker 1: This system has served quite well for quite some time

495
00:29:23,560 --> 00:29:26,280
Speaker 1: and is one of the unwritten rules of bar etiquette. But,

496
00:29:26,520 --> 00:29:30,520
Speaker 1: as Newton's Law would suggest, sometimes that the system breaks down.

497
00:29:31,160 --> 00:29:33,480
Speaker 1: Sometimes folks just don't get the whole idea of a

498
00:29:33,520 --> 00:29:36,880
Speaker 1: timely closed want to linger. Here in lies one of

499
00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:39,400
Speaker 1: the tougher spots for a bartender. How to get those

500
00:29:39,440 --> 00:29:44,000
Speaker 1: loiterers out without offending or upsetting anyone's delicate sensibilities. Um,

501
00:29:45,320 --> 00:29:48,160
Speaker 1: but most bartenders really didn't give a care about that

502
00:29:48,240 --> 00:29:52,040
Speaker 1: at closing time. Well, the bars that I went to

503
00:29:52,160 --> 00:29:55,840
Speaker 1: like in college, it was pretty rough. The Georgia Bar,

504
00:29:56,000 --> 00:30:01,720
Speaker 1: you know, it was profanities, consulting people will many families.

505
00:30:03,680 --> 00:30:05,600
Speaker 1: You don't have to go home, but you can't stay here,

506
00:30:06,160 --> 00:30:09,280
Speaker 1: or playing really awful music was a great mess, you know,

507
00:30:10,160 --> 00:30:14,320
Speaker 1: which is where we come in. Um. Yeah, you can

508
00:30:14,360 --> 00:30:16,200
Speaker 1: stop the music, you can flash the lights, you can

509
00:30:16,200 --> 00:30:19,600
Speaker 1: walk over and plainly tell them uh to leave. But

510
00:30:19,840 --> 00:30:23,680
Speaker 1: you can try my new method, peak oil. Nothing will

511
00:30:23,680 --> 00:30:28,040
Speaker 1: clear room of helpless, helpless drunks, philanderers and miscreants like

512
00:30:28,040 --> 00:30:30,440
Speaker 1: a thorough, thoughtful and well meaning discussion of the ins

513
00:30:30,440 --> 00:30:32,520
Speaker 1: and outs of peak oil from the middle of the

514
00:30:32,560 --> 00:30:36,560
Speaker 1: show and without warning our context. This tactic is subtle,

515
00:30:36,840 --> 00:30:40,080
Speaker 1: it is funny, and it is amazingly effective. I cannot

516
00:30:40,200 --> 00:30:43,120
Speaker 1: begin to describe the joy I experience watching the Dilly

517
00:30:43,200 --> 00:30:47,000
Speaker 1: Daliers suddenly gained self awareness and scurry for the exits

518
00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:50,320
Speaker 1: for climped but one can only hope better informed. But

519
00:30:50,400 --> 00:30:52,920
Speaker 1: in all seriousness, guys, you're doing the world in excellent service.

520
00:30:53,520 --> 00:30:56,040
Speaker 1: Information is rarely conveyed with such grace and wit, and

521
00:30:56,120 --> 00:30:58,520
Speaker 1: for that I thank you. And if you find yourselves

522
00:30:58,560 --> 00:31:01,440
Speaker 1: in need of a libation in New York, see seek

523
00:31:01,480 --> 00:31:04,240
Speaker 1: me out. Oh we will Dan Morton at A B

524
00:31:04,400 --> 00:31:07,920
Speaker 1: V and East Harlem. Awesome, we'll go do Peak Oil Live.

525
00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:12,360
Speaker 1: Let's all that is really cool. Yeah, what had great

526
00:31:12,440 --> 00:31:15,760
Speaker 1: use for that one man? Thanks a lot, Dan, thanks

527
00:31:15,760 --> 00:31:18,160
Speaker 1: for the invite to you and anybody hanging out in

528
00:31:18,200 --> 00:31:20,000
Speaker 1: New York. Go check out Dan and A B B

529
00:31:20,600 --> 00:31:23,280
Speaker 1: and you can get a little free stuff you should

530
00:31:23,320 --> 00:31:26,120
Speaker 1: Know action going on there at closing time, that's right. Yeah.

531
00:31:26,520 --> 00:31:29,960
Speaker 1: Uh so, if you have figured out a new use

532
00:31:30,080 --> 00:31:32,360
Speaker 1: for stuff you should Know, we always want to hear

533
00:31:32,360 --> 00:31:34,560
Speaker 1: about stuff like that. You can tweet to us at

534
00:31:34,680 --> 00:31:37,200
Speaker 1: s Y s K podcast. You can join us on

535
00:31:37,200 --> 00:31:39,640
Speaker 1: Facebook dot com slash Stuff you Should Know So, you

536
00:31:39,680 --> 00:31:42,080
Speaker 1: can send us an email to Stuff Podcast at Discovery

537
00:31:42,120 --> 00:31:44,640
Speaker 1: dot com, and as always, you can join us at

538
00:31:44,640 --> 00:31:46,840
Speaker 1: our home on the web, Stuff you Should Know dot

539
00:31:46,920 --> 00:31:54,600
Speaker 1: com for more on this and thousands of other topics.

540
00:31:54,840 --> 00:32:03,920
Speaker 1: Is it how stuff works dot com? Yeah. Brought to

541
00:32:03,960 --> 00:32:06,560
Speaker 1: you by the all new fourteen Toyota Corolla