WEBVTT - How Space Stations Work 0:00:00.160 --> 0:00:03.760 This episode of Stuff You Should Know is sponsored by Squarespace. 0:00:04.000 --> 0:00:06.520 Whether you need a landing page, a beautiful gallery of 0:00:06.600 --> 0:00:10.039 professional blogger, an online store, it's all possible with the 0:00:10.119 --> 0:00:14.080 Squarespace website. Go to squarespace dot com and set your 0:00:14.160 --> 0:00:18.959 website apart. Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from 0:00:18.960 --> 0:00:27.720 House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. 0:00:27.800 --> 0:00:30.800 I'm Josh Clark with Charles W. Chuck Bryant and Jerry. 0:00:31.960 --> 0:00:37.800 This is Stuff you Should Know. Okay, you sounded like 0:00:37.840 --> 0:00:40.800 Steve Rule. We were just talking about Steve Rule and 0:00:40.880 --> 0:00:46.560 that was very brulesque, brulesque. Not brulesque, right, brulesque brulesque. 0:00:47.040 --> 0:00:49.199 You're saying you we should do a movie. I'm surprised 0:00:49.240 --> 0:00:52.720 to I could watch a continuous loop of brules Rules 0:00:52.720 --> 0:00:55.720 over and over and over, and people thought, you're don't 0:00:55.760 --> 0:00:58.720 be done. Was an homage to that which omas are 0:00:58.960 --> 0:01:01.120 rip off depending and it was well, it was it 0:01:01.160 --> 0:01:04.360 was neither, but it it was reminiscent of it in 0:01:04.440 --> 0:01:06.200 good ways. But I don't think that that meant that 0:01:06.640 --> 0:01:08.360 ripped it off, or that you were paying tribute to 0:01:08.400 --> 0:01:11.080 It's definitely not intentional. It was just, you know, two 0:01:11.840 --> 0:01:15.160 two great things that go great together. Can't there be both? 0:01:15.200 --> 0:01:19.440 Like ESA scuts, Yeah, they go great with kit cats. 0:01:20.280 --> 0:01:24.039 Oh man, they'd be good. Just take two full kit 0:01:24.120 --> 0:01:25.959 cats and put two ESA's cups in the middle like 0:01:26.000 --> 0:01:29.560 a sandwich. I think you just came up with something 0:01:30.440 --> 0:01:35.560 the news more the reci cat, Um chuckers. Yes. Have 0:01:35.720 --> 0:01:39.360 you ever looked to the sky at night, seen some 0:01:39.440 --> 0:01:46.960 stars flying by and thought, why don't we live up there? Uh? Sure? 0:01:47.040 --> 0:01:50.000 Have you ever seen the I S S cruising? No? 0:01:50.480 --> 0:01:53.240 I used to, Um, apparently you can. I used, Yes, 0:01:53.400 --> 0:01:56.040 I used to get either text or emails. I can't 0:01:56.080 --> 0:01:59.559 remember that. Would you just put in your your zip 0:01:59.560 --> 0:02:04.600 code and UM it sends you texts alerts when the 0:02:04.600 --> 0:02:06.920 I S S is going to be flying overhead. I 0:02:06.920 --> 0:02:09.360 thought you're gonna say one of the lead astronauts would 0:02:09.360 --> 0:02:12.880 just text you be like, h are you doing? We're 0:02:12.919 --> 0:02:15.520 over your house right now. But I mean, basically it's 0:02:15.600 --> 0:02:18.160 not from the astronaut, but it's the same thing. It's saying, like, 0:02:18.560 --> 0:02:21.600 look up in this direction at this time and you 0:02:21.600 --> 0:02:23.080 you should be able to see the I S S 0:02:23.240 --> 0:02:26.560 pretty neat. Yeah. I don't think we actually ever went 0:02:26.560 --> 0:02:28.280 out and looked at it, because it was always at 0:02:28.280 --> 0:02:30.440 like three in the morning or something like that. Yeah, 0:02:30.480 --> 0:02:34.120 this really like thrills me to no end. Once I 0:02:34.160 --> 0:02:36.800 started looking into this, like I don't I never paid 0:02:36.840 --> 0:02:38.960 a lot of attention, and it really just dawned on me, 0:02:39.040 --> 0:02:43.000 like people are living in outer space continuous full time. 0:02:43.120 --> 0:02:46.880 The International Space Station has been continuously inhabited since it 0:02:46.919 --> 0:02:52.760 was launched. Yeah. In fact, they just took they're one 0:02:52.880 --> 0:02:56.160 hundred thousand orbit of Earth. That's really neat in May 0:02:56.200 --> 0:02:59.959 of this year and Expedition forty seven began in Mark. 0:03:00.400 --> 0:03:03.120 That's so cool, man, And like we just it's like 0:03:03.160 --> 0:03:05.960 you were saying, you you don't really stop and think 0:03:06.000 --> 0:03:09.120 about it, But we're living in space now. Humanity is 0:03:09.160 --> 0:03:12.480 extended at least into Earth's or of it, right, that's 0:03:12.480 --> 0:03:16.919 where we're living, um, And we just kind of seemed 0:03:16.960 --> 0:03:19.360 to take that for granted. But that wasn't always the 0:03:19.400 --> 0:03:21.960 cases actually, And I think the reason why we do 0:03:22.040 --> 0:03:25.160 kind of take it for granted is because the conception 0:03:25.200 --> 0:03:27.880 of living in space that we're at right now is 0:03:28.280 --> 0:03:31.360 remedial compared to where everyone expected it to be in 0:03:31.440 --> 0:03:34.680 like the mid seventies, when the idea of space colonization 0:03:34.720 --> 0:03:38.040 was at its peak. I mean NASA Aims Research Center 0:03:38.120 --> 0:03:41.080 was conducting summer studies is what they were called, where 0:03:41.360 --> 0:03:44.040 they would just get the public really jazzed about living 0:03:44.080 --> 0:03:46.920 in space. Um. And the best you can say, or 0:03:47.000 --> 0:03:50.480 the least you can say, is that it bore some 0:03:50.600 --> 0:03:54.520 pretty awesome artists surrenderings and space colonies will look like 0:03:54.600 --> 0:03:57.240 It seemed like every other issue of Popular Science was 0:03:57.280 --> 0:04:01.800 just some cool new uh pick of like, you know, 0:04:02.040 --> 0:04:04.160 one day we're gonna be living out here, right exactly, 0:04:04.360 --> 0:04:07.200 but the one day seemed a lot closer than than 0:04:07.240 --> 0:04:10.240 it does now right. Um. But at the at the 0:04:10.280 --> 0:04:13.160 most you can say that that space colony fever that 0:04:13.240 --> 0:04:16.400 was going on in the seventies definitely laid the groundwork 0:04:16.480 --> 0:04:19.240 paved the way for where we are now, which is 0:04:19.400 --> 0:04:23.919 living in space. We just don't have like Stanley Kubrick 0:04:24.160 --> 0:04:28.839 esque space hotels that are big rotating wheels at the moment. 0:04:29.000 --> 0:04:31.320 It doesn't mean we're not going to. It just didn't 0:04:31.360 --> 0:04:33.599 happen as fast as everybody thought it was going to. 0:04:33.960 --> 0:04:36.640 And I was trying to figure out why, and apparently 0:04:36.640 --> 0:04:39.599 it's because of the Shuttle program. Like the these the 0:04:39.760 --> 0:04:43.200 space colony fever was based on the idea that launching 0:04:43.240 --> 0:04:46.080 the Space Shuttle was going to be way cheaper than 0:04:46.240 --> 0:04:48.920 launching any of the rockets have been previously. That didn't 0:04:48.960 --> 0:04:50.840 pan out to be the case, and that there would 0:04:50.880 --> 0:04:56.520 be something like, um, it's gonna be word like at 0:04:56.600 --> 0:04:59.680 least sixty launches a year, which is which didn't pan 0:04:59.720 --> 0:05:02.039 out to be the case either. But they thought that, yeah, 0:05:02.040 --> 0:05:03.479 it was just gonna we're gonna be going back and 0:05:03.480 --> 0:05:06.000 forth to space for like next to nothing all the time, 0:05:06.279 --> 0:05:08.880 and that we would be colonizing space pretty quickly. That 0:05:08.960 --> 0:05:12.240 didn't pan out. Um. The Space Shuttle program didn't didn't 0:05:12.360 --> 0:05:16.000 pan out to be that as cheap or as frequent, um. 0:05:16.120 --> 0:05:18.960 And so this dream of space colony or this enthusiasm 0:05:18.960 --> 0:05:23.160 for space colonization was kind of lost, But luckily it 0:05:23.200 --> 0:05:25.800 wasn't lost by the actual engineers who were in charge 0:05:25.800 --> 0:05:28.400 of putting people in space and figuring out how to 0:05:28.560 --> 0:05:32.719 live in space. And that whole idea is probably still coming, 0:05:32.760 --> 0:05:35.880 it's just a little further down the road. Yeah, And 0:05:35.920 --> 0:05:39.400 there were there are many, many, many, hundreds and hundreds 0:05:39.440 --> 0:05:41.840 of people that helped make this reality over the years. 0:05:41.880 --> 0:05:43.560 But a lot of this can be laid at the 0:05:43.560 --> 0:05:47.800 feet of Mr. Verna von Braun, who was the architect 0:05:47.800 --> 0:05:51.560 of the US space program, and he was the big 0:05:51.640 --> 0:05:54.760 champion of space stations early on, like in a real 0:05:55.680 --> 0:05:58.560 viable way. Well, he was like the Carl Sagan of 0:05:58.600 --> 0:06:01.880 his day. He realized that he had a quote he 0:06:01.920 --> 0:06:04.720 said that we can publish scientific papers and treatises till 0:06:04.800 --> 0:06:07.159 health freezes over. But if we don't get the attention 0:06:07.200 --> 0:06:09.560 of the taxpayer, we're going We're not going anywhere. And 0:06:09.600 --> 0:06:11.240 how do you do that? You start putting people in 0:06:11.279 --> 0:06:14.719 the moon and start building space stations. Well, even even 0:06:15.040 --> 0:06:18.080 more basic than that, he started he wrote like popular 0:06:18.160 --> 0:06:22.040 articles and popular magazines to get the public's imagination prime 0:06:22.160 --> 0:06:24.600 for that kind of thing. Yeah, and his idea was 0:06:24.680 --> 0:06:26.440 it was it was not just like, hey, look at 0:06:26.440 --> 0:06:28.880 a neat thing we can do. It's you know, you 0:06:28.920 --> 0:06:32.120 have an Antarctic outpost. You have back in the old days, 0:06:32.120 --> 0:06:34.480 he had an outwest outpost. He was like, we need 0:06:34.520 --> 0:06:37.320 an outpost. We need a place where people can live 0:06:37.360 --> 0:06:42.159 and work and as their base station. Essentially, sure, space 0:06:42.240 --> 0:06:44.479 is a frontier, but you watch the star trek knows 0:06:44.560 --> 0:06:48.120 that the final frontier, right, Well, that's what we think, 0:06:48.560 --> 0:06:50.880 that's what we thought back then. I'm sure there's other 0:06:50.920 --> 0:06:57.799 frontiers ner dimensions to explore that kind of thing. Right. Uh, well, 0:06:57.960 --> 0:07:01.600 let's just talk about why what What are some of 0:07:01.600 --> 0:07:05.240 the reasons we should do this. Um you mentioned um 0:07:05.279 --> 0:07:07.800 just capturing the public, and it certainly will would do 0:07:07.839 --> 0:07:12.440 a lot to rally people around spending funds on you know, 0:07:12.800 --> 0:07:17.240 space travel, NASA allocating funds towards this kind of thing, right, 0:07:17.320 --> 0:07:20.760 you mean space tourism. No, no, no, not space tourism. 0:07:20.800 --> 0:07:23.920 But just initially, you know, they needed the support of 0:07:23.960 --> 0:07:28.840 the popular American opinion, right, which is why Von Brown said, 0:07:29.040 --> 0:07:32.080 I'm gonna like reach out to the public directly through 0:07:32.160 --> 0:07:34.920 Collier's magazine. He did a three part he hosted a 0:07:34.960 --> 0:07:38.280 three part show UM on like the Wonderful World of 0:07:38.320 --> 0:07:42.000 Disney about living in space and we really got people 0:07:42.080 --> 0:07:44.600 jazzed about this back in the fifties. Then it peaked 0:07:44.600 --> 0:07:46.840 again in the seventies. Like I was saying, yeah, but 0:07:46.840 --> 0:07:48.640 one of the big reasons that you would want to 0:07:48.760 --> 0:07:52.040 have a working space station is, um, aside from the 0:07:52.040 --> 0:07:55.760 convenience of you know, having a having it up there 0:07:55.800 --> 0:07:57.280 and not having to go back and forth every time 0:07:57.280 --> 0:08:00.480 you want to do something, is to thinks are different 0:08:00.520 --> 0:08:03.360 up there, and you can do different things without gravity 0:08:03.440 --> 0:08:06.960 that you can't do here on Earth, like research. Yeah, 0:08:07.000 --> 0:08:10.160 like remarkable things. So it turns out gravity has a 0:08:10.200 --> 0:08:13.280 weird effect on crystals in the way they form, flaws 0:08:13.320 --> 0:08:16.880 them like inevitably. Um. But if you're out there in 0:08:16.920 --> 0:08:20.520 micro gravity, there are far fewer flaws, and the crystals 0:08:20.520 --> 0:08:23.720 tend to form more perfectly. So you can do things 0:08:23.720 --> 0:08:28.400 like make really good semiconductors right for microchips. Um. You 0:08:28.400 --> 0:08:33.200 can also crystallize drugs better to make them more potent. 0:08:34.080 --> 0:08:36.440 You can really knock your socks off. So research up 0:08:36.480 --> 0:08:40.200 there that can make things better here, right a point, 0:08:40.520 --> 0:08:42.800 not just research, but figure out how to do it there, 0:08:43.160 --> 0:08:47.280 and then build on that by building a manufacturing facility 0:08:47.480 --> 0:08:50.439 for semiconductors out in space and then bring them back 0:08:50.440 --> 0:08:53.400 to Earth and be like, watch how fast this baby goes. 0:08:54.720 --> 0:08:58.599 Another thing that uh, no gravity or microgravity does is 0:08:58.640 --> 0:09:02.720 it makes flames. Um, you know flames here on Earth 0:09:02.760 --> 0:09:06.440 with our stupid gravity pulling it in every direction, makes 0:09:06.440 --> 0:09:10.720 a flame very unsteady and unpredictable. Makes studying combustion more difficult. 0:09:10.760 --> 0:09:13.480 Remember when we talked about fire. Yeah, fire and space 0:09:13.600 --> 0:09:17.280 is very consistent and perfect. It's around. Yeah, it's so cool. 0:09:17.320 --> 0:09:20.840 So you could you could potentially with uh, with a 0:09:20.880 --> 0:09:24.240 perfect flame like that, that perfect flame that's got to 0:09:24.280 --> 0:09:27.880 be a song. Eternal flame is what you're thinking of. No, 0:09:28.080 --> 0:09:31.600 I'm saying perfect flame. Now you're thinking of eternal flame 0:09:34.280 --> 0:09:38.280 such a Josh is m It's one of my favorites. Uh. 0:09:38.440 --> 0:09:40.840 Micro gravity, though, you can have that eternal flame that 0:09:40.960 --> 0:09:44.800 is perfect and round and uh, you can study combustion 0:09:44.880 --> 0:09:47.280 in a more pure fashion, and you could build a 0:09:47.280 --> 0:09:50.120 better furnace maybe or find out how to reduce air 0:09:50.120 --> 0:09:54.200 pollution by making things more efficient. That's just like two 0:09:54.240 --> 0:09:55.880 things that you could do in space. I'm sure there 0:09:55.920 --> 0:09:59.080 are a thousand things we could list. Um. And as 0:09:59.160 --> 0:10:00.920 a matter of fact, some of the early ideas for 0:10:01.080 --> 0:10:05.160 space stations were these. There were concepts that were that 0:10:05.480 --> 0:10:10.440 used like moon mined minerals and materials and assembled in 0:10:10.480 --> 0:10:12.439 space so that you didn't have to launch them from Earth. 0:10:13.000 --> 0:10:16.480 So this whole idea of like creating things in space 0:10:16.559 --> 0:10:19.520 was even used to form the basis of these places 0:10:19.559 --> 0:10:21.720 where we would actually live while we were doing this stuff. 0:10:21.760 --> 0:10:24.880 It's pretty cool. Yeah, it also offers a unique perspective 0:10:25.080 --> 0:10:29.079 on the Earth, if we're talking about landforms and oceans, 0:10:29.120 --> 0:10:32.720 your atmosphere, uh speaking of which they can take uh 0:10:32.920 --> 0:10:35.720 much better pictures looking in the other direction into deep 0:10:35.760 --> 0:10:39.880 space because they don't have that pesky atmosphere in the way, right, 0:10:39.960 --> 0:10:42.920 So lots of great reasons to be up there, um, 0:10:43.000 --> 0:10:45.760 not the least of which is something you mentioned earlier, 0:10:46.200 --> 0:10:51.120 space tourism, which is going to happen at some point, right, 0:10:51.760 --> 0:10:54.720 Like people are looking into who is this one company? 0:10:54.920 --> 0:10:59.280 Um Galactic Suite. Yeah, they're they're still at it. Well, 0:10:59.400 --> 0:11:02.000 another that I saw there still says they're planning on 0:11:02.120 --> 0:11:05.640 launching in two thousand twelve. Oh, I thought that they 0:11:05.800 --> 0:11:07.840 thought they were still kind of I mean obviously not 0:11:07.920 --> 0:11:15.040 on that timeline. Somebody's still paying for the domain, but 0:11:15.120 --> 0:11:18.079 it still says like, um, they're gonna be They're gonna 0:11:18.440 --> 0:11:20.840 head for the star the stars in two thousand twelve. 0:11:21.160 --> 0:11:24.480 And then I found another Russian one that was looked 0:11:24.480 --> 0:11:28.280 pretty promising, but their site apparently was not updated since 0:11:28.280 --> 0:11:34.320 two thousand ten. But um, a company called Bigelow Industries 0:11:34.720 --> 0:11:39.559 very recently had SpaceX ferry capsule up to the I 0:11:39.840 --> 0:11:43.000 S S. It was an inflatable capsule that was a 0:11:43.040 --> 0:11:45.840 habitat module that was meant to be a prototype for 0:11:45.920 --> 0:11:49.079 a space hotel and they couldn't get it inflated. It 0:11:49.200 --> 0:11:52.560 was in Uh, they just aborted the mission. But um, 0:11:52.720 --> 0:11:55.559 like people are still working on the concept of of 0:11:55.600 --> 0:12:00.240 space tourism like today, well, I know, the Galactic Suite said, um, 0:12:00.280 --> 0:12:02.120 they're like, we we think it will cost a four 0:12:02.160 --> 0:12:06.800 million dollars for a weekend stay, and our data suggests 0:12:06.800 --> 0:12:09.319 that there are about forty people in the world that 0:12:09.480 --> 0:12:13.360 can and will pay for this. So um, maybe maybe 0:12:13.440 --> 0:12:16.160 their their site hasn't been updated because they got scared 0:12:16.200 --> 0:12:18.080 with the end of the world two thousand twelve things 0:12:18.720 --> 0:12:20.840 and while they were hiding in a cave somewhere, somebody 0:12:20.840 --> 0:12:23.280 played a prank on them and they're still too scared 0:12:23.320 --> 0:12:26.200 to come out and update the site. Maybe well Richard Branson, 0:12:26.280 --> 0:12:28.959 you know, he's trying to fly people into space. Still. Yeah. 0:12:29.000 --> 0:12:30.480 I looked at that. I was like, wait a minute, 0:12:30.520 --> 0:12:34.600 does this Alaskan Airlines merger? Did that kill Virgin Galactic? 0:12:34.679 --> 0:12:38.719 And apparently not, It was just Virgin America that that 0:12:38.880 --> 0:12:43.320 Alaskan Airlines took over. Apparently in a hostile takeover Um, 0:12:43.440 --> 0:12:46.440 but Virgin Galactics still at it. Okay, Well that's good. 0:12:46.679 --> 0:12:49.160 I guess if you're loaded and want to ride into space. Yeah, 0:12:49.200 --> 0:12:54.079 if you're Ashton Couture, they were on the list, right, 0:12:54.200 --> 0:12:58.680 Sure they have disposable income. Sure, send the cooch up there. 0:12:59.240 --> 0:13:04.400 All right, either one, I feel like I should take 0:13:04.400 --> 0:13:07.079 a break and regroup and then we'll start talking about 0:13:08.240 --> 0:13:35.720 space stations past. I'll take one with you, all right, 0:13:35.800 --> 0:13:39.640 let's talk about the first one, josh. Uh. We had 0:13:39.679 --> 0:13:42.280 a great episode on the space Race. It was pretty 0:13:42.320 --> 0:13:46.559 much a two I love that to nation race between 0:13:46.600 --> 0:13:50.000 the US and the Soviet Union, and they beat us 0:13:50.040 --> 0:13:51.719 in a lot of ways as far as first to 0:13:51.840 --> 0:13:54.880 the punch Man. They really did. You know, they don't 0:13:54.920 --> 0:13:59.559 get enough credit around these parts for the stuff that 0:13:59.600 --> 0:14:02.160 they did as far as space goes, because they definitely 0:14:02.200 --> 0:14:04.400 did beat us in a lot of ways, like we 0:14:04.559 --> 0:14:06.600 beat them to the moon basically, Yeah, which we pointed 0:14:06.600 --> 0:14:09.200 out in our show really got us going, sure and 0:14:09.240 --> 0:14:12.160 led to our advancements. Yeah. But also what was it? Um, 0:14:12.200 --> 0:14:16.199 there was another show we did recently, Sputnik led to 0:14:16.280 --> 0:14:18.439 Super Bowls. But do you remember we were talking about 0:14:18.440 --> 0:14:20.880 the Super Bowl In the Super Bowl episode how Sputnik 0:14:20.960 --> 0:14:24.280 like made America, post war America wake up and be like, hey, 0:14:24.520 --> 0:14:28.120 stuff being coddled in in lazy. We need to get 0:14:28.160 --> 0:14:32.600 back to innovation. Yeah, innovating again. And and it was 0:14:32.640 --> 0:14:36.160 spot Nick that did that. Yeah that's right. Um, nothing 0:14:36.200 --> 0:14:39.560 like the threat of Communist Russia or Soviet Union to 0:14:39.680 --> 0:14:43.520 get people going we're being left behind. Um. So back 0:14:43.520 --> 0:14:45.480 then they were the Soviet Union and they were the first, 0:14:45.520 --> 0:14:51.200 as we said with the saliott one station. Uh one? 0:14:51.280 --> 0:14:53.520 Do they have people living in space? Yeah? The year 0:14:53.560 --> 0:14:56.600 I was born. It's crazy. And it was actually a 0:14:56.600 --> 0:15:00.440 combination of a couple of different system one Mas and 0:15:00.480 --> 0:15:04.360 the soyas The Almas was a military system and the 0:15:04.400 --> 0:15:07.600 soyas Is was the actual spacecraft that ferried people to 0:15:07.720 --> 0:15:10.560 and fro. They're still using that thing, so American Astro 0:15:10.640 --> 0:15:11.840 not to get to the I S s is on 0:15:11.920 --> 0:15:17.440 Soya's um rockets. Yeah, what what number they had? I wonder? Oh, 0:15:17.640 --> 0:15:21.400 who knows? Who knows? A lot? A lot they launched 0:15:21.400 --> 0:15:25.680 them a lot from the Kazakhstan. I think very nice. 0:15:26.440 --> 0:15:34.760 Uh uhtt long um had three main compartments. Um, your 0:15:34.880 --> 0:15:38.760 your standard compartments, which are like dining in recreation, food 0:15:38.760 --> 0:15:42.200 and water storage. You gotta have your toilet exercise equipment, 0:15:42.240 --> 0:15:46.120 and then your science e stuff. Yeah, that's sciences stuff. 0:15:46.120 --> 0:15:48.960 That's a big deal because not only are they looking 0:15:49.000 --> 0:15:52.600 at how to make crystals better, they're also studying, um, 0:15:52.600 --> 0:15:54.920 the effects of micro gravity on the human body, which 0:15:54.960 --> 0:15:57.080 we're still getting a handle lot. Yeah, we should do 0:15:57.080 --> 0:16:00.520 an entire episode on how space affects your body. Okay, 0:16:00.600 --> 0:16:03.160 I think that would be like, I think I got 0:16:03.240 --> 0:16:05.880 three or four episode ideas of this one article. Well, yeah, 0:16:05.920 --> 0:16:09.160 we should do one just on the I S S too. Um. 0:16:09.200 --> 0:16:11.480 But well, just kind of briefly, one of the things 0:16:11.480 --> 0:16:13.560 that they found so far about living in space is 0:16:13.600 --> 0:16:17.680 that your bone mineral density decreases by one percent a month, 0:16:18.200 --> 0:16:21.760 which you're like one percent there's still left he cares 0:16:22.840 --> 0:16:26.200 here on Earth. If you're in a senior adult you 0:16:26.280 --> 0:16:29.880 lose about one percent of bone mass a year. So 0:16:29.920 --> 0:16:32.480 that's pretty significant. And another thing that they found out 0:16:32.560 --> 0:16:35.600 was that the living in microgravity. When you're here on Earth, 0:16:36.160 --> 0:16:38.680 your fluids and blood and stuff tend to accumulate in 0:16:38.720 --> 0:16:42.880 your lower extremities, right Uh, in microgravity, it tends to 0:16:42.920 --> 0:16:45.760 accumulate up in your upper body and your upper chest 0:16:45.800 --> 0:16:49.000 and in your head and your brains, like, oh, I'm 0:16:49.120 --> 0:16:52.520 I'm bathed in this stuff. I need to shut down 0:16:52.560 --> 0:16:56.080 production on fluids, including blood, so that when astronauts get 0:16:56.080 --> 0:17:00.240 back on Earth, they tend to be fainty because they 0:17:00.640 --> 0:17:03.200 don't have enough blood for a while until their bodies like, WHOA, 0:17:03.280 --> 0:17:05.840 something weird just happened. I need to start making blood. 0:17:06.119 --> 0:17:08.880 And they say, I'm fainting because of space. Somebody give 0:17:08.920 --> 0:17:11.640 me some tang My bloodcher is low. Uh. The other 0:17:11.680 --> 0:17:13.720 thing they found out was in space, no one can 0:17:13.760 --> 0:17:18.280 hear you scream. Yeah, they try it fifteen after every hour, 0:17:18.680 --> 0:17:20.800 all the astronauts scream as loud as they can and 0:17:20.880 --> 0:17:23.000 nobody can hear him. And that, of course, was the 0:17:23.040 --> 0:17:27.600 famous tagline from the first Alien movie. Oh really, yeah, 0:17:27.640 --> 0:17:30.160 I remember seeing the ad with the big egg space 0:17:30.200 --> 0:17:32.239 No can you scream? I know. I was just though, 0:17:32.400 --> 0:17:37.080 that's terrifying. I'm gonna watch it. Uh. Oh. One other 0:17:37.119 --> 0:17:39.879 thing that they're learning about affects and gravity. So Scott Kelly, 0:17:40.160 --> 0:17:42.679 the astronaut who famously just spent a year on the 0:17:42.720 --> 0:17:45.880 I S s um he has a twin who's also 0:17:45.880 --> 0:17:50.320 an astronaut, leave his name is Mike, and um, Mike 0:17:50.480 --> 0:17:54.399 has been studied here on Earth. You gotta slit those 0:17:54.440 --> 0:17:57.240 guys up over the same over the same year that 0:17:57.760 --> 0:18:01.600 Scott has, and now they're comparing Apparently Scott came down 0:18:01.640 --> 0:18:03.560 and he was like an inch or too shorter than 0:18:03.600 --> 0:18:06.760 his identical twin. That was just one thing, But they're 0:18:06.800 --> 0:18:09.359 they're examining them on a genetic level to see what 0:18:09.440 --> 0:18:12.120 differences of have happened, so you can get a better 0:18:12.160 --> 0:18:15.800 handle on what living in gravity does to the human body. 0:18:15.960 --> 0:18:19.159 He said, I'm shorter and more fainty for starters. He 0:18:19.320 --> 0:18:21.720 just felt dead away and they just slapped his face 0:18:21.760 --> 0:18:24.400 and poured tang down his throat. Well, I think what's 0:18:24.440 --> 0:18:26.200 lost on a lot of people is that these are real. 0:18:27.359 --> 0:18:30.600 I mean, human experimentation is going on, and who knows 0:18:30.640 --> 0:18:32.359 what the long term effect is going to be. These 0:18:32.400 --> 0:18:36.800 people are really like sacrificing potentially, you know right, I 0:18:36.800 --> 0:18:38.800 mean not just being away from family and stuff, but 0:18:39.200 --> 0:18:41.719 who knows, faint he might turn into something really bad. Well, 0:18:41.760 --> 0:18:45.359 not only that, they're also exposed to solar radiation and 0:18:45.600 --> 0:18:49.480 just space radiation that the Earth's atmosphere protects us from. 0:18:50.200 --> 0:18:53.320 They're exposed to it, and um, apparently there's a huge 0:18:53.320 --> 0:18:56.120 possibility of their lifetime risk of cancer just goes through 0:18:56.160 --> 0:18:58.399 the roof from moving out there. So yeah, there's a 0:18:58.440 --> 0:19:01.120 lot of questions we have that it's good that we're 0:19:01.119 --> 0:19:03.200 not all just living out in space because we can. 0:19:03.280 --> 0:19:07.080 We got a lot of stuff to figure out beforehand. Heroes, sir, 0:19:07.640 --> 0:19:12.080 That's what I say. So uh, the Sayas ten crew 0:19:12.960 --> 0:19:17.119 um for that very first uh Saliott space station that 0:19:17.200 --> 0:19:19.960 Russia had. They were they were supposed to live up there, 0:19:21.080 --> 0:19:24.560 but they couldn't dock correctly, so they could never enter 0:19:24.720 --> 0:19:26.959 the space station, so they never could even get in, 0:19:27.480 --> 0:19:33.240 big big disappointment. They just hung their heads and put 0:19:33.280 --> 0:19:39.680 in reverse in the little modulant. So the Saya's eleven 0:19:39.720 --> 0:19:43.320 crew actually successfully lived there for twenty four days in 0:19:44.280 --> 0:19:49.280 which is remarkable, but very sadly they all perished upon 0:19:49.359 --> 0:19:53.080 re entry coming back to Earth. Yeah, there um capsule 0:19:53.200 --> 0:19:58.000 depressurized and they there capsule at the time wasn't designed 0:19:58.040 --> 0:20:01.080 for them to wear suits, so they um, they were 0:20:01.080 --> 0:20:05.560 all asphyxiated just like died instantly, right pretty much. Yeah, 0:20:05.600 --> 0:20:09.520 they would have like lost consciousness almost immediately. So after 0:20:09.600 --> 0:20:13.520 the eleven soy is eleven they launched a different space 0:20:13.560 --> 0:20:17.159 station altogether, the Sliot two. That one didn't even get 0:20:17.200 --> 0:20:20.879 up into orbit, so they were like, uh yet uh 0:20:21.080 --> 0:20:24.800 went through three, four and five h and pretty quick succession, 0:20:25.680 --> 0:20:29.879 um and each one basically they got better at getting 0:20:29.920 --> 0:20:32.000 people to and from and they could stay up there 0:20:32.080 --> 0:20:34.440 longer and longer. Yeah. I think the last one was 0:20:34.520 --> 0:20:38.600 launched in two and it was up there until like 0:20:38.720 --> 0:20:43.040 nine two or ninety four, and they actually used it 0:20:43.119 --> 0:20:46.840 as like um, they they when they launched the Mirror, 0:20:46.840 --> 0:20:49.080 which we'll talk about and I think nineteen ninety six, 0:20:49.080 --> 0:20:50.880 so I guess it was up there then. They were 0:20:51.480 --> 0:20:54.640 going back and forth between Soliott seven and the Mirror. 0:20:55.200 --> 0:20:58.359 I guess probably going like, oh we can we can 0:20:58.480 --> 0:21:01.199 use this vodka over here. You gotta go get it 0:21:01.200 --> 0:21:03.399 from Salute and take it over to the Mirror. So 0:21:03.440 --> 0:21:05.440 it was up there for a while. They got there, 0:21:05.600 --> 0:21:07.960 they figured it out and one of the big differences 0:21:08.000 --> 0:21:10.879 between the early Solutes, Chuck in the later ones was 0:21:10.960 --> 0:21:15.000 that there was a docking a secondary docking module. Yeah. 0:21:15.000 --> 0:21:17.359 The first one's only had one parking space essentially, right, 0:21:17.760 --> 0:21:20.480 and so you had the parking space for the crew 0:21:20.520 --> 0:21:23.359 that was there, and if they needed supplies, well t s. 0:21:24.760 --> 0:21:27.239 But if you had a second docking port then you 0:21:27.280 --> 0:21:30.680 can use um. Well, they used an unmanned ship called 0:21:30.720 --> 0:21:35.280 Progress two ferry supplies from Earth to the Salute stations. Yeah. 0:21:35.320 --> 0:21:38.040 I'm surprised that it took them up to the Salute 0:21:38.080 --> 0:21:41.480 six to realize they needed another parking space. Yeah, because 0:21:41.800 --> 0:21:44.880 you know you're gonna forget something right, you left the 0:21:44.920 --> 0:21:48.240 iron on home. We're stuck up here. No one can 0:21:48.359 --> 0:21:51.640 visit us. Well, like you said that, they figured it out, 0:21:51.680 --> 0:21:54.600 which is wonderful. Uh. And that all led to the 0:21:54.720 --> 0:21:59.879 United States in nineteen seventy three launching their very famous 0:22:00.000 --> 0:22:04.280 guy Lab one space station, which says the best patch 0:22:04.320 --> 0:22:09.439 of any NASA related space based anything, Skylab one is 0:22:09.480 --> 0:22:12.600 the best. Yeah, sky Lab was awesome, but it um 0:22:12.640 --> 0:22:15.159 it got off on a very bad start, on a 0:22:15.160 --> 0:22:18.680 bad foot because upon launch, like just getting it out there, 0:22:19.359 --> 0:22:21.840 it had these two main solar panels. One of them 0:22:21.840 --> 0:22:25.240 was completely ripped off, the other one didn't extend out 0:22:25.240 --> 0:22:28.520 like it should have, and so this thing almost burned 0:22:28.600 --> 0:22:31.440 up completely initially because it had very little power and 0:22:31.440 --> 0:22:34.240 they couldn't control the heat, right, it couldn't cool it 0:22:34.359 --> 0:22:36.520 the interior the capsule went up to like a hundred 0:22:36.560 --> 0:22:41.320 and twenty six. So they said, hey, guys, we need 0:22:41.359 --> 0:22:43.760 you to go up there and fix this. And they 0:22:43.800 --> 0:22:47.520 actually there were three different crews that were that were 0:22:47.520 --> 0:22:52.000 sent to Skylab on Apollo capsules and um. The Skylab 0:22:52.080 --> 0:22:56.200 module itself was actually designed roughly initially by Warner von 0:22:56.280 --> 0:22:59.679 braun Um out of a Saturn five moon rocket. The 0:22:59.720 --> 0:23:02.800 third stage of it became sky Lab, and I think 0:23:03.160 --> 0:23:06.600 at the Air and Space Museum in Washington, not the 0:23:06.640 --> 0:23:08.679 one at Dullest, but the the one that's in like 0:23:08.720 --> 0:23:11.600 the like around the mall, and I think it has 0:23:11.600 --> 0:23:14.359