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Speaker 1: This episode of Stuff You Should Know is sponsored by Squarespace.

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Speaker 1: Whether you need a landing page, a beautiful gallery of

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Speaker 1: professional blogger, an online store, it's all possible with the

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Speaker 1: Squarespace website. Go to squarespace dot com and set your

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Speaker 1: website apart. Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from

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Speaker 1: House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Josh Clark with Charles W. Chuck Bryant and Jerry.

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Speaker 1: This is Stuff you Should Know. Okay, you sounded like

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Speaker 1: Steve Rule. We were just talking about Steve Rule and

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Speaker 1: that was very brulesque, brulesque. Not brulesque, right, brulesque brulesque.

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Speaker 1: You're saying you we should do a movie. I'm surprised

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Speaker 1: to I could watch a continuous loop of brules Rules

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Speaker 1: over and over and over, and people thought, you're don't

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Speaker 1: be done. Was an homage to that which omas are

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Speaker 1: rip off depending and it was well, it was it

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Speaker 1: was neither, but it it was reminiscent of it in

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Speaker 1: good ways. But I don't think that that meant that

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Speaker 1: ripped it off, or that you were paying tribute to

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Speaker 1: It's definitely not intentional. It was just, you know, two

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Speaker 1: two great things that go great together. Can't there be both?

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Speaker 1: Like ESA scuts, Yeah, they go great with kit cats.

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Speaker 1: Oh man, they'd be good. Just take two full kit

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Speaker 1: cats and put two ESA's cups in the middle like

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Speaker 1: a sandwich. I think you just came up with something

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Speaker 1: the news more the reci cat, Um chuckers. Yes. Have

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Speaker 1: you ever looked to the sky at night, seen some

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Speaker 1: stars flying by and thought, why don't we live up there? Uh? Sure?

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Speaker 1: Have you ever seen the I S S cruising? No?

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Speaker 1: I used to, Um, apparently you can. I used, Yes,

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Speaker 1: I used to get either text or emails. I can't

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Speaker 1: remember that. Would you just put in your your zip

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Speaker 1: code and UM it sends you texts alerts when the

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Speaker 1: I S S is going to be flying overhead. I

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Speaker 1: thought you're gonna say one of the lead astronauts would

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Speaker 1: just text you be like, h are you doing? We're

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Speaker 1: over your house right now. But I mean, basically it's

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Speaker 1: not from the astronaut, but it's the same thing. It's saying, like,

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Speaker 1: look up in this direction at this time and you

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Speaker 1: you should be able to see the I S S

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Speaker 1: pretty neat. Yeah. I don't think we actually ever went

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Speaker 1: out and looked at it, because it was always at

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Speaker 1: like three in the morning or something like that. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: this really like thrills me to no end. Once I

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Speaker 1: started looking into this, like I don't I never paid

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Speaker 1: a lot of attention, and it really just dawned on me,

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Speaker 1: like people are living in outer space continuous full time.

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Speaker 1: The International Space Station has been continuously inhabited since it

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Speaker 1: was launched. Yeah. In fact, they just took they're one

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Speaker 1: hundred thousand orbit of Earth. That's really neat in May

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Speaker 1: of this year and Expedition forty seven began in Mark.

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Speaker 1: That's so cool, man, And like we just it's like

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Speaker 1: you were saying, you you don't really stop and think

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Speaker 1: about it, But we're living in space now. Humanity is

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Speaker 1: extended at least into Earth's or of it, right, that's

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Speaker 1: where we're living, um, And we just kind of seemed

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Speaker 1: to take that for granted. But that wasn't always the

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Speaker 1: cases actually, And I think the reason why we do

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Speaker 1: kind of take it for granted is because the conception

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Speaker 1: of living in space that we're at right now is

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Speaker 1: remedial compared to where everyone expected it to be in

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Speaker 1: like the mid seventies, when the idea of space colonization

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Speaker 1: was at its peak. I mean NASA Aims Research Center

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Speaker 1: was conducting summer studies is what they were called, where

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Speaker 1: they would just get the public really jazzed about living

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Speaker 1: in space. Um. And the best you can say, or

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Speaker 1: the least you can say, is that it bore some

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Speaker 1: pretty awesome artists surrenderings and space colonies will look like

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Speaker 1: It seemed like every other issue of Popular Science was

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Speaker 1: just some cool new uh pick of like, you know,

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Speaker 1: one day we're gonna be living out here, right exactly,

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Speaker 1: but the one day seemed a lot closer than than

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Speaker 1: it does now right. Um. But at the at the

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Speaker 1: most you can say that that space colony fever that

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Speaker 1: was going on in the seventies definitely laid the groundwork

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Speaker 1: paved the way for where we are now, which is

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Speaker 1: living in space. We just don't have like Stanley Kubrick

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Speaker 1: esque space hotels that are big rotating wheels at the moment.

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Speaker 1: It doesn't mean we're not going to. It just didn't

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Speaker 1: happen as fast as everybody thought it was going to.

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Speaker 1: And I was trying to figure out why, and apparently

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Speaker 1: it's because of the Shuttle program. Like the these the

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Speaker 1: space colony fever was based on the idea that launching

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Speaker 1: the Space Shuttle was going to be way cheaper than

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Speaker 1: launching any of the rockets have been previously. That didn't

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Speaker 1: pan out to be the case, and that there would

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Speaker 1: be something like, um, it's gonna be word like at

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Speaker 1: least sixty launches a year, which is which didn't pan

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Speaker 1: out to be the case either. But they thought that, yeah,

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Speaker 1: it was just gonna we're gonna be going back and

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Speaker 1: forth to space for like next to nothing all the time,

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Speaker 1: and that we would be colonizing space pretty quickly. That

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Speaker 1: didn't pan out. Um. The Space Shuttle program didn't didn't

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Speaker 1: pan out to be that as cheap or as frequent, um.

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Speaker 1: And so this dream of space colony or this enthusiasm

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Speaker 1: for space colonization was kind of lost, But luckily it

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Speaker 1: wasn't lost by the actual engineers who were in charge

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Speaker 1: of putting people in space and figuring out how to

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Speaker 1: live in space. And that whole idea is probably still coming,

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Speaker 1: it's just a little further down the road. Yeah, And

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Speaker 1: there were there are many, many, many, hundreds and hundreds

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Speaker 1: of people that helped make this reality over the years.

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Speaker 1: But a lot of this can be laid at the

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Speaker 1: feet of Mr. Verna von Braun, who was the architect

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Speaker 1: of the US space program, and he was the big

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Speaker 1: champion of space stations early on, like in a real

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Speaker 1: viable way. Well, he was like the Carl Sagan of

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Speaker 1: his day. He realized that he had a quote he

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Speaker 1: said that we can publish scientific papers and treatises till

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Speaker 1: health freezes over. But if we don't get the attention

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Speaker 1: of the taxpayer, we're going We're not going anywhere. And

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Speaker 1: how do you do that? You start putting people in

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Speaker 1: the moon and start building space stations. Well, even even

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Speaker 1: more basic than that, he started he wrote like popular

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Speaker 1: articles and popular magazines to get the public's imagination prime

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Speaker 1: for that kind of thing. Yeah, and his idea was

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Speaker 1: it was it was not just like, hey, look at

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Speaker 1: a neat thing we can do. It's you know, you

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Speaker 1: have an Antarctic outpost. You have back in the old days,

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Speaker 1: he had an outwest outpost. He was like, we need

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Speaker 1: an outpost. We need a place where people can live

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Speaker 1: and work and as their base station. Essentially, sure, space

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Speaker 1: is a frontier, but you watch the star trek knows

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Speaker 1: that the final frontier, right, Well, that's what we think,

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Speaker 1: that's what we thought back then. I'm sure there's other

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Speaker 1: frontiers ner dimensions to explore that kind of thing. Right. Uh, well,

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Speaker 1: let's just talk about why what What are some of

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Speaker 1: the reasons we should do this. Um you mentioned um

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Speaker 1: just capturing the public, and it certainly will would do

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Speaker 1: a lot to rally people around spending funds on you know,

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Speaker 1: space travel, NASA allocating funds towards this kind of thing, right,

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Speaker 1: you mean space tourism. No, no, no, not space tourism.

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Speaker 1: But just initially, you know, they needed the support of

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Speaker 1: the popular American opinion, right, which is why Von Brown said,

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Speaker 1: I'm gonna like reach out to the public directly through

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Speaker 1: Collier's magazine. He did a three part he hosted a

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Speaker 1: three part show UM on like the Wonderful World of

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Speaker 1: Disney about living in space and we really got people

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Speaker 1: jazzed about this back in the fifties. Then it peaked

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Speaker 1: again in the seventies. Like I was saying, yeah, but

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Speaker 1: one of the big reasons that you would want to

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Speaker 1: have a working space station is, um, aside from the

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Speaker 1: convenience of you know, having a having it up there

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Speaker 1: and not having to go back and forth every time

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Speaker 1: you want to do something, is to thinks are different

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Speaker 1: up there, and you can do different things without gravity

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Speaker 1: that you can't do here on Earth, like research. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: like remarkable things. So it turns out gravity has a

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Speaker 1: weird effect on crystals in the way they form, flaws

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Speaker 1: them like inevitably. Um. But if you're out there in

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Speaker 1: micro gravity, there are far fewer flaws, and the crystals

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Speaker 1: tend to form more perfectly. So you can do things

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Speaker 1: like make really good semiconductors right for microchips. Um. You

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Speaker 1: can also crystallize drugs better to make them more potent.

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Speaker 1: You can really knock your socks off. So research up

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Speaker 1: there that can make things better here, right a point,

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Speaker 1: not just research, but figure out how to do it there,

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Speaker 1: and then build on that by building a manufacturing facility

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Speaker 1: for semiconductors out in space and then bring them back

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Speaker 1: to Earth and be like, watch how fast this baby goes.

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Speaker 1: Another thing that uh, no gravity or microgravity does is

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Speaker 1: it makes flames. Um, you know flames here on Earth

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Speaker 1: with our stupid gravity pulling it in every direction, makes

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Speaker 1: a flame very unsteady and unpredictable. Makes studying combustion more difficult.

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Speaker 1: Remember when we talked about fire. Yeah, fire and space

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Speaker 1: is very consistent and perfect. It's around. Yeah, it's so cool.

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Speaker 1: So you could you could potentially with uh, with a

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Speaker 1: perfect flame like that, that perfect flame that's got to

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Speaker 1: be a song. Eternal flame is what you're thinking of. No,

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Speaker 1: I'm saying perfect flame. Now you're thinking of eternal flame

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Speaker 1: such a Josh is m It's one of my favorites. Uh.

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Speaker 1: Micro gravity, though, you can have that eternal flame that

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Speaker 1: is perfect and round and uh, you can study combustion

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Speaker 1: in a more pure fashion, and you could build a

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Speaker 1: better furnace maybe or find out how to reduce air

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Speaker 1: pollution by making things more efficient. That's just like two

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Speaker 1: things that you could do in space. I'm sure there

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Speaker 1: are a thousand things we could list. Um. And as

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Speaker 1: a matter of fact, some of the early ideas for

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Speaker 1: space stations were these. There were concepts that were that

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Speaker 1: used like moon mined minerals and materials and assembled in

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Speaker 1: space so that you didn't have to launch them from Earth.

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Speaker 1: So this whole idea of like creating things in space

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Speaker 1: was even used to form the basis of these places

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Speaker 1: where we would actually live while we were doing this stuff.

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Speaker 1: It's pretty cool. Yeah, it also offers a unique perspective

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Speaker 1: on the Earth, if we're talking about landforms and oceans,

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Speaker 1: your atmosphere, uh speaking of which they can take uh

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Speaker 1: much better pictures looking in the other direction into deep

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Speaker 1: space because they don't have that pesky atmosphere in the way, right,

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Speaker 1: So lots of great reasons to be up there, um,

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Speaker 1: not the least of which is something you mentioned earlier,

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Speaker 1: space tourism, which is going to happen at some point, right,

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Speaker 1: Like people are looking into who is this one company?

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Speaker 1: Um Galactic Suite. Yeah, they're they're still at it. Well,

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Speaker 1: another that I saw there still says they're planning on

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Speaker 1: launching in two thousand twelve. Oh, I thought that they

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Speaker 1: thought they were still kind of I mean obviously not

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Speaker 1: on that timeline. Somebody's still paying for the domain, but

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Speaker 1: it still says like, um, they're gonna be They're gonna

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Speaker 1: head for the star the stars in two thousand twelve.

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Speaker 1: And then I found another Russian one that was looked

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Speaker 1: pretty promising, but their site apparently was not updated since

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Speaker 1: two thousand ten. But um, a company called Bigelow Industries

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Speaker 1: very recently had SpaceX ferry capsule up to the I

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Speaker 1: S S. It was an inflatable capsule that was a

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Speaker 1: habitat module that was meant to be a prototype for

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Speaker 1: a space hotel and they couldn't get it inflated. It

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Speaker 1: was in Uh, they just aborted the mission. But um,

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Speaker 1: like people are still working on the concept of of

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Speaker 1: space tourism like today, well, I know, the Galactic Suite said, um,

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Speaker 1: they're like, we we think it will cost a four

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Speaker 1: million dollars for a weekend stay, and our data suggests

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Speaker 1: that there are about forty people in the world that

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Speaker 1: can and will pay for this. So um, maybe maybe

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Speaker 1: their their site hasn't been updated because they got scared

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Speaker 1: with the end of the world two thousand twelve things

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Speaker 1: and while they were hiding in a cave somewhere, somebody

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Speaker 1: played a prank on them and they're still too scared

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Speaker 1: to come out and update the site. Maybe well Richard Branson,

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Speaker 1: you know, he's trying to fly people into space. Still. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I looked at that. I was like, wait a minute,

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Speaker 1: does this Alaskan Airlines merger? Did that kill Virgin Galactic?

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Speaker 1: And apparently not, It was just Virgin America that that

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Speaker 1: Alaskan Airlines took over. Apparently in a hostile takeover Um,

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Speaker 1: but Virgin Galactics still at it. Okay, Well that's good.

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Speaker 1: I guess if you're loaded and want to ride into space. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: if you're Ashton Couture, they were on the list, right,

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Speaker 1: Sure they have disposable income. Sure, send the cooch up there.

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Speaker 1: All right, either one, I feel like I should take

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Speaker 1: a break and regroup and then we'll start talking about

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Speaker 1: space stations past. I'll take one with you, all right,

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Speaker 1: let's talk about the first one, josh. Uh. We had

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Speaker 1: a great episode on the space Race. It was pretty

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Speaker 1: much a two I love that to nation race between

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Speaker 1: the US and the Soviet Union, and they beat us

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Speaker 1: in a lot of ways as far as first to

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Speaker 1: the punch Man. They really did. You know, they don't

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Speaker 1: get enough credit around these parts for the stuff that

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Speaker 1: they did as far as space goes, because they definitely

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Speaker 1: did beat us in a lot of ways, like we

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Speaker 1: beat them to the moon basically, Yeah, which we pointed

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Speaker 1: out in our show really got us going, sure and

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Speaker 1: led to our advancements. Yeah. But also what was it? Um,

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Speaker 1: there was another show we did recently, Sputnik led to

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Speaker 1: Super Bowls. But do you remember we were talking about

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Speaker 1: the Super Bowl In the Super Bowl episode how Sputnik

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Speaker 1: like made America, post war America wake up and be like, hey,

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Speaker 1: stuff being coddled in in lazy. We need to get

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Speaker 1: back to innovation. Yeah, innovating again. And and it was

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Speaker 1: spot Nick that did that. Yeah that's right. Um, nothing

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Speaker 1: like the threat of Communist Russia or Soviet Union to

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Speaker 1: get people going we're being left behind. Um. So back

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Speaker 1: then they were the Soviet Union and they were the first,

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Speaker 1: as we said with the saliott one station. Uh one?

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Speaker 1: Do they have people living in space? Yeah? The year

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Speaker 1: I was born. It's crazy. And it was actually a

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Speaker 1: combination of a couple of different system one Mas and

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Speaker 1: the soyas The Almas was a military system and the

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Speaker 1: soyas Is was the actual spacecraft that ferried people to

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Speaker 1: and fro. They're still using that thing, so American Astro

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Speaker 1: not to get to the I S s is on

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Speaker 1: Soya's um rockets. Yeah, what what number they had? I wonder? Oh,

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Speaker 1: who knows? Who knows? A lot? A lot they launched

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Speaker 1: them a lot from the Kazakhstan. I think very nice.

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Speaker 1: Uh uhtt long um had three main compartments. Um, your

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Speaker 1: your standard compartments, which are like dining in recreation, food

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Speaker 1: and water storage. You gotta have your toilet exercise equipment,

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Speaker 1: and then your science e stuff. Yeah, that's sciences stuff.

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Speaker 1: That's a big deal because not only are they looking

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Speaker 1: at how to make crystals better, they're also studying, um,

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Speaker 1: the effects of micro gravity on the human body, which

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Speaker 1: we're still getting a handle lot. Yeah, we should do

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Speaker 1: an entire episode on how space affects your body. Okay,

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Speaker 1: I think that would be like, I think I got

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Speaker 1: three or four episode ideas of this one article. Well, yeah,

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Speaker 1: we should do one just on the I S S too. Um.

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Speaker 1: But well, just kind of briefly, one of the things

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Speaker 1: that they found so far about living in space is

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Speaker 1: that your bone mineral density decreases by one percent a month,

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Speaker 1: which you're like one percent there's still left he cares

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Speaker 1: here on Earth. If you're in a senior adult you

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Speaker 1: lose about one percent of bone mass a year. So

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Speaker 1: that's pretty significant. And another thing that they found out

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Speaker 1: was that the living in microgravity. When you're here on Earth,

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Speaker 1: your fluids and blood and stuff tend to accumulate in

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Speaker 1: your lower extremities, right Uh, in microgravity, it tends to

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Speaker 1: accumulate up in your upper body and your upper chest

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Speaker 1: and in your head and your brains, like, oh, I'm

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Speaker 1: I'm bathed in this stuff. I need to shut down

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Speaker 1: production on fluids, including blood, so that when astronauts get

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Speaker 1: back on Earth, they tend to be fainty because they

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Speaker 1: don't have enough blood for a while until their bodies like, WHOA,

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Speaker 1: something weird just happened. I need to start making blood.

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Speaker 1: And they say, I'm fainting because of space. Somebody give

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Speaker 1: me some tang My bloodcher is low. Uh. The other

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Speaker 1: thing they found out was in space, no one can

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Speaker 1: hear you scream. Yeah, they try it fifteen after every hour,

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Speaker 1: all the astronauts scream as loud as they can and

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Speaker 1: nobody can hear him. And that, of course, was the

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Speaker 1: famous tagline from the first Alien movie. Oh really, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I remember seeing the ad with the big egg space

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Speaker 1: No can you scream? I know. I was just though,

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Speaker 1: that's terrifying. I'm gonna watch it. Uh. Oh. One other

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Speaker 1: thing that they're learning about affects and gravity. So Scott Kelly,

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Speaker 1: the astronaut who famously just spent a year on the

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Speaker 1: I S s um he has a twin who's also

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Speaker 1: an astronaut, leave his name is Mike, and um, Mike

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Speaker 1: has been studied here on Earth. You gotta slit those

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Speaker 1: guys up over the same over the same year that

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Speaker 1: Scott has, and now they're comparing Apparently Scott came down

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Speaker 1: and he was like an inch or too shorter than

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Speaker 1: his identical twin. That was just one thing, But they're

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Speaker 1: they're examining them on a genetic level to see what

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Speaker 1: differences of have happened, so you can get a better

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Speaker 1: handle on what living in gravity does to the human body.

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Speaker 1: He said, I'm shorter and more fainty for starters. He

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Speaker 1: just felt dead away and they just slapped his face

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Speaker 1: and poured tang down his throat. Well, I think what's

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Speaker 1: lost on a lot of people is that these are real.

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Speaker 1: I mean, human experimentation is going on, and who knows

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Speaker 1: what the long term effect is going to be. These

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Speaker 1: people are really like sacrificing potentially, you know right, I

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Speaker 1: mean not just being away from family and stuff, but

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Speaker 1: who knows, faint he might turn into something really bad. Well,

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Speaker 1: not only that, they're also exposed to solar radiation and

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Speaker 1: just space radiation that the Earth's atmosphere protects us from.

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Speaker 1: They're exposed to it, and um, apparently there's a huge

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Speaker 1: possibility of their lifetime risk of cancer just goes through

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Speaker 1: the roof from moving out there. So yeah, there's a

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Speaker 1: lot of questions we have that it's good that we're

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Speaker 1: not all just living out in space because we can.

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Speaker 1: We got a lot of stuff to figure out beforehand. Heroes, sir,

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Speaker 1: That's what I say. So uh, the Sayas ten crew

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Speaker 1: um for that very first uh Saliott space station that

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Speaker 1: Russia had. They were they were supposed to live up there,

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Speaker 1: but they couldn't dock correctly, so they could never enter

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Speaker 1: the space station, so they never could even get in,

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Speaker 1: big big disappointment. They just hung their heads and put

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Speaker 1: in reverse in the little modulant. So the Saya's eleven

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Speaker 1: crew actually successfully lived there for twenty four days in

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Speaker 1: which is remarkable, but very sadly they all perished upon

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Speaker 1: re entry coming back to Earth. Yeah, there um capsule

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Speaker 1: depressurized and they there capsule at the time wasn't designed

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Speaker 1: for them to wear suits, so they um, they were

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Speaker 1: all asphyxiated just like died instantly, right pretty much. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they would have like lost consciousness almost immediately. So after

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Speaker 1: the eleven soy is eleven they launched a different space

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Speaker 1: station altogether, the Sliot two. That one didn't even get

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Speaker 1: up into orbit, so they were like, uh yet uh

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Speaker 1: went through three, four and five h and pretty quick succession,

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Speaker 1: um and each one basically they got better at getting

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Speaker 1: people to and from and they could stay up there

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Speaker 1: longer and longer. Yeah. I think the last one was

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Speaker 1: launched in two and it was up there until like

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Speaker 1: nine two or ninety four, and they actually used it

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Speaker 1: as like um, they they when they launched the Mirror,

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Speaker 1: which we'll talk about and I think nineteen ninety six,

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Speaker 1: so I guess it was up there then. They were

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Speaker 1: going back and forth between Soliott seven and the Mirror.

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Speaker 1: I guess probably going like, oh we can we can

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Speaker 1: use this vodka over here. You gotta go get it

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Speaker 1: from Salute and take it over to the Mirror. So

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Speaker 1: it was up there for a while. They got there,

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Speaker 1: they figured it out and one of the big differences

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Speaker 1: between the early Solutes, Chuck in the later ones was

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Speaker 1: that there was a docking a secondary docking module. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: The first one's only had one parking space essentially, right,

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Speaker 1: and so you had the parking space for the crew

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Speaker 1: that was there, and if they needed supplies, well t s.

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Speaker 1: But if you had a second docking port then you

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Speaker 1: can use um. Well, they used an unmanned ship called

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Speaker 1: Progress two ferry supplies from Earth to the Salute stations. Yeah.

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Speaker 1: I'm surprised that it took them up to the Salute

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Speaker 1: six to realize they needed another parking space. Yeah, because

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Speaker 1: you know you're gonna forget something right, you left the

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Speaker 1: iron on home. We're stuck up here. No one can

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Speaker 1: visit us. Well, like you said that, they figured it out,

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Speaker 1: which is wonderful. Uh. And that all led to the

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Speaker 1: United States in nineteen seventy three launching their very famous

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Speaker 1: guy Lab one space station, which says the best patch

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Speaker 1: of any NASA related space based anything, Skylab one is

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Speaker 1: the best. Yeah, sky Lab was awesome, but it um

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Speaker 1: it got off on a very bad start, on a

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Speaker 1: bad foot because upon launch, like just getting it out there,

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Speaker 1: it had these two main solar panels. One of them

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Speaker 1: was completely ripped off, the other one didn't extend out

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Speaker 1: like it should have, and so this thing almost burned

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Speaker 1: up completely initially because it had very little power and

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Speaker 1: they couldn't control the heat, right, it couldn't cool it

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Speaker 1: the interior the capsule went up to like a hundred

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Speaker 1: and twenty six. So they said, hey, guys, we need

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Speaker 1: you to go up there and fix this. And they

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Speaker 1: actually there were three different crews that were that were

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Speaker 1: sent to Skylab on Apollo capsules and um. The Skylab

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Speaker 1: module itself was actually designed roughly initially by Warner von

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Speaker 1: braun Um out of a Saturn five moon rocket. The

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Speaker 1: third stage of it became sky Lab, and I think

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Speaker 1: at the Air and Space Museum in Washington, not the

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Speaker 1: one at Dullest, but the the one that's in like

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Speaker 1: the like around the mall, and I think it has

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Speaker 1: a replica of Skylab you can walk through. Oh cool,

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Speaker 1: which is so awesome, dude, I would love to do that.

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Speaker 1: But so the three crews that got sent up there, chuck.

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Speaker 1: They managed to kind of like put Skylight back together

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Speaker 1: with duck tape and bubblegum. Yeah, that first one, Skylab two.

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Speaker 1: They just sent them up a week and a half

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Speaker 1: after the fit, well not fail lunch, but problematic launch.

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Speaker 1: And it's so funny how some of this NASA stuff

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Speaker 1: is so simple. They said, go up there and essentially

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Speaker 1: take this big sunshade like it looks like an umbrella

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Speaker 1: and pop it open to cool it down. And then

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Speaker 1: see that that solar panel that didn't stretch out far enough,

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Speaker 1: stretch it out, and see that stretch it out. And

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Speaker 1: they did. Uh, Commander Charles Pete, Conrad, Paul Whites, and

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Speaker 1: Joseph Kerwin essentially saved sky Lab. Yeah, right off the bat,

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Speaker 1: and not just then. There were again there were three

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Speaker 1: crews that kind of did one after the other. They

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Speaker 1: didn't overlap, UM, but they finally got the thing working.

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Speaker 1: And I think the last crew spent eighty four days

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Speaker 1: in orbit. Yeah, the first one spent the next one

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Speaker 1: fifty nine in the final one eighty four days in

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Speaker 1: the seventies and I remember, UM, and this is a

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Speaker 1: big deal, you know, this was the first time they

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Speaker 1: were testing these long duration man missions UM to see, like,

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Speaker 1: you know, can we go to the Moon because it

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Speaker 1: takes a while to get there and back right, That

427
00:24:35,040 --> 00:24:37,400
Speaker 1: was the thing, Like all the only data we had

428
00:24:37,640 --> 00:24:40,359
Speaker 1: was on Moon missions, which is about a two week mission,

429
00:24:41,160 --> 00:24:43,000
Speaker 1: so we didn't have any data on what happened to

430
00:24:43,119 --> 00:24:46,040
Speaker 1: people longer than that. Can we can we set up

431
00:24:46,040 --> 00:24:49,000
Speaker 1: a shop there colonize the moon? Even so they called

432
00:24:49,040 --> 00:24:52,760
Speaker 1: anything over two weeks a long duration spaceflight. Uh. And

433
00:24:52,800 --> 00:24:55,200
Speaker 1: I remember in nineteen seventy nine. I remember being an

434
00:24:55,200 --> 00:24:58,320
Speaker 1: eight year old kid, and I remember hearing about because

435
00:24:58,320 --> 00:25:01,680
Speaker 1: this is you know in the seventies when families would

436
00:25:01,680 --> 00:25:03,520
Speaker 1: sit around and watch the news and it's like how

437
00:25:03,560 --> 00:25:06,679
Speaker 1: you got all your information? And I remember sitting around

438
00:25:06,680 --> 00:25:10,159
Speaker 1: and hearing that sky Lab is coming back down to

439
00:25:10,320 --> 00:25:14,960
Speaker 1: Earth in a unpredictable way, and I remember being sort

440
00:25:14,960 --> 00:25:17,280
Speaker 1: of scared and thinking like, wow, this is a little

441
00:25:17,359 --> 00:25:19,560
Speaker 1: weird and kind of a big deal. Yeah, Like even

442
00:25:19,640 --> 00:25:22,200
Speaker 1: little eight year old Chuck knew like something didn't seem

443
00:25:22,280 --> 00:25:24,000
Speaker 1: quite right. There are a lot of people who are

444
00:25:24,040 --> 00:25:28,560
Speaker 1: really anxious about it because NASA very famously said that, um,

445
00:25:28,640 --> 00:25:32,399
Speaker 1: everybody calmed down. There's there's a one in one hundred

446
00:25:32,400 --> 00:25:35,959
Speaker 1: and fifty two chants that somebody will be killed by

447
00:25:36,000 --> 00:25:39,199
Speaker 1: sky Lab. Well, yeah, they like one in one fifty two.

448
00:25:39,560 --> 00:25:41,359
Speaker 1: You want to hear numbers from NASA like one in

449
00:25:41,400 --> 00:25:43,679
Speaker 1: a million or one in a billion, not one in

450
00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:45,680
Speaker 1: a hundred and fifty two. You're like, I know two

451
00:25:45,760 --> 00:25:50,320
Speaker 1: hundred people, I know a hundred and fifty three people. Uh.

452
00:25:50,440 --> 00:25:54,560
Speaker 1: It also forced NASSA to admit UM, we were so

453
00:25:54,640 --> 00:25:56,760
Speaker 1: excited about getting this thing up there, we didn't really

454
00:25:56,760 --> 00:26:00,600
Speaker 1: think a lot about how to control its descent UM,

455
00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:03,119
Speaker 1: because that was essentially the story. They They were like,

456
00:26:03,320 --> 00:26:05,639
Speaker 1: we can't, we don't really know how to guide this

457
00:26:05,640 --> 00:26:08,200
Speaker 1: thing back down. They said it would quote cost too

458
00:26:08,280 --> 00:26:11,520
Speaker 1: much to have UM designed in a way to bring

459
00:26:11,560 --> 00:26:14,480
Speaker 1: it down safely. Yeah, and I think they were there

460
00:26:14,520 --> 00:26:16,879
Speaker 1: in a hurry. Well. Also, the problem is they thought

461
00:26:16,880 --> 00:26:19,680
Speaker 1: that it would just it's orbit would decay a little

462
00:26:19,680 --> 00:26:22,639
Speaker 1: bit and then fall into basically that orbit of space

463
00:26:22,760 --> 00:26:26,000
Speaker 1: chunk circling the Earth and would just stay there indefinitely.

464
00:26:26,400 --> 00:26:29,280
Speaker 1: But it's orbit decayed more than expected because there was

465
00:26:29,359 --> 00:26:33,280
Speaker 1: solar flare activity that NASA hadn't anticipated, and so all

466
00:26:33,280 --> 00:26:36,040
Speaker 1: of a sudden, sky Labs on a collision course with Earth.

467
00:26:36,560 --> 00:26:40,760
Speaker 1: NASA saying it'll it'll probably enter somewhere over this thousand

468
00:26:40,920 --> 00:26:46,240
Speaker 1: kilometer stretch of Earth that includes Australia. So heads up

469
00:26:46,480 --> 00:26:51,400
Speaker 1: Australia and UM. There were lots of like sky Lab parties, UM.

470
00:26:51,960 --> 00:26:54,920
Speaker 1: Because it's America in the seventies, people went like Skylab

471
00:26:54,960 --> 00:26:59,760
Speaker 1: crazy disco parties UM, and the San Francisco Examiner actually

472
00:27:00,240 --> 00:27:03,760
Speaker 1: UM offered ten thousand dollars to anybody who could bring

473
00:27:03,760 --> 00:27:06,520
Speaker 1: in a legitimate piece of sky Lab within seventy two

474
00:27:06,600 --> 00:27:10,600
Speaker 1: hours of it crashing. And some kid actually collected Yeah

475
00:27:10,600 --> 00:27:13,000
Speaker 1: in Australian. Yeah, he got on a plane. He had

476
00:27:13,040 --> 00:27:15,520
Speaker 1: a little piece of sky Lab. Because where to end

477
00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:19,760
Speaker 1: up crashing and the esperance Australia when you're perth, Yeah,

478
00:27:19,760 --> 00:27:23,120
Speaker 1: I mean mostly in the ocean. Yeah, but they did

479
00:27:23,160 --> 00:27:25,960
Speaker 1: get a pretty good amount of debris in Australia. Yeah,

480
00:27:26,000 --> 00:27:28,800
Speaker 1: like the sizeable parts. But it's Australia. They're tough, they're

481
00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:32,359
Speaker 1: like everything tries to kill us. You're silly. Space Station

482
00:27:32,480 --> 00:27:36,160
Speaker 1: can't do it right. So yeah, this kid flew over

483
00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:40,360
Speaker 1: in San Francisco and said here sky Lab. His name

484
00:27:40,359 --> 00:27:43,399
Speaker 1: was Stanthorpe and he was seventeen, and like, without even

485
00:27:43,680 --> 00:27:46,040
Speaker 1: thinking twice about it, he grabbed it, hopped on a

486
00:27:46,040 --> 00:27:48,320
Speaker 1: plane and went to San Francisco, like you said, and

487
00:27:48,640 --> 00:27:51,240
Speaker 1: they examined or paid him, which I did the West

488
00:27:51,280 --> 00:27:55,000
Speaker 1: Aig inflation calculator. That's about thirty three thou dollars in

489
00:27:55,040 --> 00:27:58,399
Speaker 1: today's money. Not bad, No, I'd do that, hop on

490
00:27:58,400 --> 00:28:00,679
Speaker 1: a plane for that. That's a salary of as your teacher,

491
00:28:01,280 --> 00:28:05,320
Speaker 1: right badly. Yeah. Uh, you can also buy pieces of

492
00:28:05,320 --> 00:28:07,480
Speaker 1: sky Lab today if you've got some dough and an

493
00:28:07,480 --> 00:28:14,080
Speaker 1: Internet connection. Alleged pieces of sky Lab. Well, sure, just

494
00:28:14,160 --> 00:28:17,760
Speaker 1: like anything, it should be uh not verified, what do

495
00:28:17,800 --> 00:28:24,320
Speaker 1: you call it? Verified? Authenticated? Supposedly NASA's instead of exerting

496
00:28:24,359 --> 00:28:27,280
Speaker 1: its domain over pieces of sky Lab, the debris that

497
00:28:27,359 --> 00:28:30,680
Speaker 1: was found in saying you give a back that some

498
00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:35,200
Speaker 1: people sent their pieces to NASA, NASA authenticated them and

499
00:28:35,240 --> 00:28:38,560
Speaker 1: send them back mounted saying this is an official piece

500
00:28:38,560 --> 00:28:40,160
Speaker 1: of sky Lab to the people who mailed it in.

501
00:28:40,720 --> 00:28:45,920
Speaker 1: Good peeps, Good peeps wearing brown polyester pants up to

502
00:28:46,000 --> 00:28:50,080
Speaker 1: their chests. All right, buddy, let's take a break in um,

503
00:28:50,200 --> 00:28:56,640
Speaker 1: let's go for a little jog around our gravity office,

504
00:28:57,360 --> 00:29:00,560
Speaker 1: and then we'll talk about mirror and I s all right,

505
00:29:26,640 --> 00:29:30,880
Speaker 1: all right. We talked about the Soviet which was the

506
00:29:30,920 --> 00:29:35,960
Speaker 1: Soviet Union's big first success and some failures, but overall,

507
00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:38,360
Speaker 1: I think they saw it as a success. Right And

508
00:29:38,560 --> 00:29:41,680
Speaker 1: at the same time, a couple of years later, America

509
00:29:41,760 --> 00:29:45,600
Speaker 1: had sky LAMB and then the Soviets said, we can

510
00:29:45,640 --> 00:29:48,239
Speaker 1: do better than than what we're doing. We can do

511
00:29:48,280 --> 00:29:51,440
Speaker 1: better than anybody else. We're going to create the mirror. Yeah.

512
00:29:51,480 --> 00:29:54,600
Speaker 1: And by the way, Skyla was not supposed to be permanent. No,

513
00:29:55,200 --> 00:29:59,880
Speaker 1: that was never the intention, but mirror was. Was it

514
00:30:00,040 --> 00:30:04,560
Speaker 1: supposed to be permanent? Yeah, okay, so were the later

515
00:30:04,800 --> 00:30:08,840
Speaker 1: um soliots Okay, so the mirror definitely was meant to

516
00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:12,240
Speaker 1: be a permanent one. All right. Well, the first crew

517
00:30:12,320 --> 00:30:20,600
Speaker 1: cosmonauts Leonid Kasim Vladimir solely off off nice it's a

518
00:30:20,600 --> 00:30:25,120
Speaker 1: great name. Um. I think it was just those two dudes. Uh.

519
00:30:25,160 --> 00:30:27,920
Speaker 1: They shuttled between the sally At seven which is being

520
00:30:27,960 --> 00:30:31,400
Speaker 1: retired in mirror, and there was some like you said that,

521
00:30:31,440 --> 00:30:34,440
Speaker 1: there was some cross over there, right and overlap. They

522
00:30:34,440 --> 00:30:36,320
Speaker 1: had to get the vodka. Yeah, they had to get

523
00:30:36,320 --> 00:30:39,240
Speaker 1: the vodka. And they spent seventy five days on the

524
00:30:39,240 --> 00:30:42,560
Speaker 1: mirror and it was continually manned over the next ten years.

525
00:30:42,760 --> 00:30:45,600
Speaker 1: And you know, manned and built. It's not they they

526
00:30:45,640 --> 00:30:49,480
Speaker 1: build these things out there or assemble them out there. Um,

527
00:30:49,520 --> 00:30:51,960
Speaker 1: I guess we should say. But they don't just launch

528
00:30:52,040 --> 00:30:56,440
Speaker 1: a space station right like ready to go. They carry

529
00:30:56,440 --> 00:30:59,640
Speaker 1: pieces of it out there just like I S S.

530
00:30:59,640 --> 00:31:02,120
Speaker 1: And they put them together. Although I think it was

531
00:31:02,160 --> 00:31:04,560
Speaker 1: we'll see you later on. I think the Chinese launched

532
00:31:04,560 --> 00:31:08,880
Speaker 1: a full space station. Of course they did. I think

533
00:31:08,880 --> 00:31:13,320
Speaker 1: they did, um, but we're talking. Come on. So the

534
00:31:13,360 --> 00:31:18,200
Speaker 1: Mirror had twelve twelve main parts, which we won't go

535
00:31:18,240 --> 00:31:21,520
Speaker 1: over all those because we don't like to just read lists.

536
00:31:22,400 --> 00:31:24,520
Speaker 1: But you know, it's something you would expect. It was

537
00:31:24,520 --> 00:31:27,720
Speaker 1: a ge whiz space station, a lot of everything, a

538
00:31:27,720 --> 00:31:31,160
Speaker 1: lot of a lot of modules, living quarters, transfer compartments,

539
00:31:31,320 --> 00:31:34,400
Speaker 1: docking places, had more than one parking space. They figured

540
00:31:34,400 --> 00:31:36,920
Speaker 1: the old mess out. Yeah, you know, I was like,

541
00:31:36,960 --> 00:31:39,680
Speaker 1: you know, we should have guests, and they did have guests.

542
00:31:39,680 --> 00:31:42,760
Speaker 1: They had American guests actually, which was pretty cool. It

543
00:31:42,800 --> 00:31:45,960
Speaker 1: wasn't until the nineties after the Soviet Union dissolved, and

544
00:31:46,040 --> 00:31:49,720
Speaker 1: actually there was a cosmonaut aboard Mirror when the Soviet

545
00:31:49,800 --> 00:31:56,000
Speaker 1: Union dissolved in December. Um. His name was Sergey Kirkov

546
00:31:56,760 --> 00:32:01,480
Speaker 1: Keev Kirkakv, it started to say, and you would think, yeah, uh,

547
00:32:01,520 --> 00:32:04,480
Speaker 1: And he was known as the last Soviet citizen because

548
00:32:04,480 --> 00:32:08,480
Speaker 1: apparently being in space made him immune from the dissolving

549
00:32:08,520 --> 00:32:11,760
Speaker 1: in the Soviet Union. Oh really yeah, not really, but

550
00:32:11,840 --> 00:32:14,040
Speaker 1: that's what everybody said about him, whether he liked it

551
00:32:14,120 --> 00:32:17,800
Speaker 1: or not. Well, the Mirror, they had some problems kind

552
00:32:17,800 --> 00:32:19,960
Speaker 1: of later in its life. There was a fire one

553
00:32:20,040 --> 00:32:23,480
Speaker 1: year uh and then that pro the supply ship was

554
00:32:23,480 --> 00:32:26,160
Speaker 1: called the Progress I think you mentioned. It actually crashed

555
00:32:26,240 --> 00:32:29,280
Speaker 1: into the mirror trying to park and it's a little

556
00:32:29,320 --> 00:32:32,560
Speaker 1: parking space, which damaged it. And at that point they said,

557
00:32:32,600 --> 00:32:35,840
Speaker 1: you know what, Uh, we should just make this thing

558
00:32:35,840 --> 00:32:37,840
Speaker 1: space junk, even though you thought it was going to

559
00:32:37,920 --> 00:32:41,040
Speaker 1: be permanent. Uh. The US is talking about this I. S.

560
00:32:41,040 --> 00:32:43,960
Speaker 1: S Station. They want us to come help them with uh.

561
00:32:44,000 --> 00:32:45,760
Speaker 1: And there was a big campaign to keep the Mirror

562
00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:49,920
Speaker 1: alive called Keep Mirror Alive uh. And private corporation stepped

563
00:32:49,920 --> 00:32:52,120
Speaker 1: in and said, no, let us take it over. Let's

564
00:32:52,160 --> 00:32:56,320
Speaker 1: privatize this thing. And they said, yet, I'm not gonna

565
00:32:56,360 --> 00:33:00,960
Speaker 1: do it. Yeah, We're not gonna just hand over space station. Okay, No,

566
00:33:01,040 --> 00:33:04,160
Speaker 1: we're gonna crash it into the Earth. If I can't

567
00:33:04,160 --> 00:33:07,520
Speaker 1: have you, no one can't. Pretty much, so um, they

568
00:33:07,560 --> 00:33:11,880
Speaker 1: had a little bit uh more advanced capabilities in Skylab

569
00:33:11,960 --> 00:33:15,360
Speaker 1: had as far as directionally um. And in February two

570
00:33:15,360 --> 00:33:19,040
Speaker 1: thousand one, it uh. They slowed those engines down and

571
00:33:19,120 --> 00:33:23,120
Speaker 1: it re entered the atmosphere. On March two one burned

572
00:33:23,200 --> 00:33:26,920
Speaker 1: up broke up and again, uh, tried to kill Australia.

573
00:33:27,400 --> 00:33:30,160
Speaker 1: I know, Australia is like, what the eight Why is

574
00:33:30,200 --> 00:33:33,560
Speaker 1: everyone trying to land their space junk on us? But

575
00:33:33,640 --> 00:33:35,680
Speaker 1: it was about a thousand miles east of Australia in

576
00:33:35,720 --> 00:33:38,840
Speaker 1: the ocean. Um has anyone found these things? That's what

577
00:33:38,880 --> 00:33:41,840
Speaker 1: I was wondering, mire at the bottom of the ocean.

578
00:33:42,200 --> 00:33:46,040
Speaker 1: I'm sure somebody's found some parts of it. Pretty neat. Yeah,

579
00:33:46,440 --> 00:33:49,239
Speaker 1: talk about like space records at bottom the ocean. That's

580
00:33:49,280 --> 00:33:51,640
Speaker 1: a movie. Who was it? Was it Jeff Bezos that

581
00:33:51,680 --> 00:33:55,400
Speaker 1: went and got like, uh one of the Apollo really

582
00:33:55,760 --> 00:33:58,920
Speaker 1: stages that had been scuttled in the ocean recently? Probably?

583
00:33:59,400 --> 00:34:02,160
Speaker 1: I think it was yep Asos or James Cameron. We

584
00:34:02,160 --> 00:34:05,360
Speaker 1: talked about him too much though. Uh So that brings

585
00:34:05,440 --> 00:34:09,520
Speaker 1: us to I S S. Ronald Reagan. I said, you

586
00:34:09,600 --> 00:34:13,840
Speaker 1: know what, I was about to do a Reagan, but

587
00:34:13,960 --> 00:34:17,279
Speaker 1: I thought the better. I think everybody wants to hear

588
00:34:17,320 --> 00:34:20,200
Speaker 1: your Reagan. I don't want to do it. He said,

589
00:34:20,280 --> 00:34:23,160
Speaker 1: let's let's he said, hey, man, let's get an A S.

590
00:34:23,160 --> 00:34:27,680
Speaker 1: S station going. Is that good? We'll call it the

591
00:34:27,680 --> 00:34:31,759
Speaker 1: International Space Station and it's gonna be super expensive, so

592
00:34:31,880 --> 00:34:36,000
Speaker 1: we need some help. Um, let's partner up with with

593
00:34:36,400 --> 00:34:40,920
Speaker 1: fourteen other countries, Canada, Japan, Brazil and then the European

594
00:34:40,960 --> 00:34:45,080
Speaker 1: Space Agency, which is the UK, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Netherlands,

595
00:34:45,080 --> 00:34:48,279
Speaker 1: did Mark, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden. And he said, as

596
00:34:48,320 --> 00:34:52,719
Speaker 1: a good faith measure, let's invite the Soviets. M hm,

597
00:34:53,800 --> 00:34:56,120
Speaker 1: I don't know if that was all Russia by then,

598
00:34:56,280 --> 00:34:59,680
Speaker 1: Oh yeah, you're right, Yeah, you're right. And the Russian said, sure,

599
00:34:59,680 --> 00:35:02,760
Speaker 1: why not, we don't doing anything and not just being friendly,

600
00:35:02,800 --> 00:35:05,680
Speaker 1: but you know, they they were probably the second leading

601
00:35:05,800 --> 00:35:09,400
Speaker 1: uh uh well, I don't know by that point there

602
00:35:09,440 --> 00:35:13,399
Speaker 1: were other players in space science. Yeah, but they were

603
00:35:13,400 --> 00:35:17,280
Speaker 1: still pretty highly regarded yeah big time. Yeah, yeah, probably

604
00:35:17,280 --> 00:35:20,319
Speaker 1: more than they get credit for again over here. So

605
00:35:20,360 --> 00:35:24,360
Speaker 1: they started putting the I S S in orbit, and um,

606
00:35:24,400 --> 00:35:27,040
Speaker 1: the first people showed up from it was launched for

607
00:35:27,120 --> 00:35:30,400
Speaker 1: They were launched from Russia in two thousand and they

608
00:35:30,440 --> 00:35:34,080
Speaker 1: spent about five months. They're like basically getting everything up

609
00:35:34,080 --> 00:35:38,319
Speaker 1: and running, taking um all of the uh the little

610
00:35:38,360 --> 00:35:42,439
Speaker 1: descant packets out of everything, like they do not eat

611
00:35:42,480 --> 00:35:48,200
Speaker 1: things that keep stuff dry silica jel yeah, um, and um,

612
00:35:48,200 --> 00:35:51,600
Speaker 1: pulling off all of the cellophane from everything. Well they

613
00:35:51,640 --> 00:35:54,000
Speaker 1: left it on the lamp shades, which I thought was tasteless.

614
00:35:55,160 --> 00:35:59,160
Speaker 1: It's shiny. Yeah. Um, so they've been living up there.

615
00:35:59,200 --> 00:36:02,800
Speaker 1: Like I said, they just launched the one I'm sorry,

616
00:36:03,800 --> 00:36:08,759
Speaker 1: but one orbit of Earth and um, we do one

617
00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:11,279
Speaker 1: on the I S. But I did look a little

618
00:36:11,280 --> 00:36:14,440
Speaker 1: bit into their day to day life. Um. They work

619
00:36:14,440 --> 00:36:19,520
Speaker 1: about ten hours a day, uh money through Friday, about

620
00:36:19,640 --> 00:36:21,760
Speaker 1: half that on a Saturday, and then they take Sunday

621
00:36:21,800 --> 00:36:26,160
Speaker 1: off and then the rest of the time is you know, relaxation,

622
00:36:27,800 --> 00:36:32,640
Speaker 1: emailing your family, hanging out pool side, face timing. Um.

623
00:36:32,680 --> 00:36:36,880
Speaker 1: They have sixteen sunrises and sunsets today, which is decidedly

624
00:36:36,880 --> 00:36:39,239
Speaker 1: weird on your body. So they generally just keep those

625
00:36:39,280 --> 00:36:42,120
Speaker 1: windows closed so they can get on a reg sketch.

626
00:36:43,200 --> 00:36:46,640
Speaker 1: And um, apparently the food isn't great. They don't love

627
00:36:46,680 --> 00:36:50,200
Speaker 1: the food. Um, and they have to overspice it. I

628
00:36:50,200 --> 00:36:52,040
Speaker 1: didn't know that one of the things space does is

629
00:36:52,920 --> 00:36:56,680
Speaker 1: reduce your sense of taste. I've heard that in microgravity

630
00:36:56,840 --> 00:36:59,680
Speaker 1: tastes like styrofun. Yeah, so apparently they like really over

631
00:37:00,200 --> 00:37:03,359
Speaker 1: everything to try and make it palatable. Um, and they

632
00:37:03,400 --> 00:37:08,000
Speaker 1: have to be really careful of crumbs because oh yeah,

633
00:37:08,040 --> 00:37:10,920
Speaker 1: remember Homer Simpson, do you remember one of the great

634
00:37:10,920 --> 00:37:13,720
Speaker 1: all time scenes when you opened the bag of chips

635
00:37:14,440 --> 00:37:21,160
Speaker 1: in space? Great great scene. Um, and then pooping and

636
00:37:21,280 --> 00:37:27,240
Speaker 1: pp I gotta go somewhere. They have two toilets, only

637
00:37:27,239 --> 00:37:31,440
Speaker 1: two and um oh there's usually only three or four

638
00:37:31,480 --> 00:37:36,439
Speaker 1: people up there. There's six right now? Yeah, with two toilets. Yeah,

639
00:37:37,239 --> 00:37:40,480
Speaker 1: how many hair dryers? Who knows? They keep their hair

640
00:37:40,520 --> 00:37:44,000
Speaker 1: short though, because because there's very few hair dryers in space. Well,

641
00:37:44,040 --> 00:37:47,360
Speaker 1: there's no showers. I mean they can wash themselves. They

642
00:37:47,400 --> 00:37:50,080
Speaker 1: have like water jets, but not the same. Yeah, not

643
00:37:50,120 --> 00:37:52,160
Speaker 1: the same, man. I'll bet that first shower when they

644
00:37:52,200 --> 00:37:55,239
Speaker 1: get back down on Earth feels so good. Yeah. But

645
00:37:55,280 --> 00:37:58,680
Speaker 1: there's two toilets. They use a fan driven suction system

646
00:37:58,719 --> 00:38:02,080
Speaker 1: and you have to latch yourself to the toilet. Oh

647
00:38:02,160 --> 00:38:04,400
Speaker 1: yeah for that too. And there are restraining bars to

648
00:38:04,520 --> 00:38:06,720
Speaker 1: ensure there's a good seal, because you know what happens

649
00:38:06,760 --> 00:38:09,600
Speaker 1: if there's not a good seal and microgravity, things will

650
00:38:09,600 --> 00:38:12,680
Speaker 1: float away. Uh. And then there's a lever that they

651
00:38:12,760 --> 00:38:16,920
Speaker 1: hit a suction whole slides open and a big stream

652
00:38:16,920 --> 00:38:20,000
Speaker 1: of air carries the waste away. The solids are collected

653
00:38:20,040 --> 00:38:24,520
Speaker 1: actually into an aluminum container and the they are then

654
00:38:24,560 --> 00:38:28,320
Speaker 1: transferred to the Progress to take away the little shuttle

655
00:38:28,320 --> 00:38:31,759
Speaker 1: ship like, here's all our poop. Progress is like, yeah,

656
00:38:32,239 --> 00:38:36,919
Speaker 1: I wonder what they calls progress. And then the pp

657
00:38:37,719 --> 00:38:40,600
Speaker 1: UH is evacuated by a hose that's attached to the

658
00:38:40,600 --> 00:38:46,279
Speaker 1: front of the toilet. Uh they do. I was getting there,

659
00:38:46,320 --> 00:38:49,400
Speaker 1: but sure, I'm sorry. Now it's recycled. It's a recovery

660
00:38:49,440 --> 00:38:52,680
Speaker 1: system and they eventually recycle it back into drinking waters.

661
00:38:53,800 --> 00:38:58,719
Speaker 1: UM and the toilets UH for PPR anatomically correct. They

662
00:38:58,719 --> 00:39:01,880
Speaker 1: have these funnel adapters. So men and women have different

663
00:39:02,080 --> 00:39:07,400
Speaker 1: adapters because you know, they have different parts. Yes they do,

664
00:39:08,320 --> 00:39:10,760
Speaker 1: they do have different parts that like a second grader,

665
00:39:12,080 --> 00:39:14,160
Speaker 1: I just you don't think about this stuff. Like that's

666
00:39:14,200 --> 00:39:15,560
Speaker 1: the first thing I thought. I was like, oh, man,

667
00:39:15,600 --> 00:39:17,600
Speaker 1: how they eat, how they poop? But what do they

668
00:39:17,600 --> 00:39:20,920
Speaker 1: watch movies? Do they watch movies? Yeah? That the they

669
00:39:20,960 --> 00:39:22,759
Speaker 1: just sit back. I think it was the Atlantic had

670
00:39:22,760 --> 00:39:26,560
Speaker 1: a great photos spread of photos that this new mission

671
00:39:26,640 --> 00:39:30,680
Speaker 1: is taking of uh space and the Earth and you know,

672
00:39:30,719 --> 00:39:35,240
Speaker 1: all that stuff. But then pictures on board and um

673
00:39:35,400 --> 00:39:37,680
Speaker 1: one of them they were that this huge flat screen

674
00:39:37,719 --> 00:39:40,799
Speaker 1: watching The Revenant watching the Revenue. Huh, that's what it

675
00:39:40,800 --> 00:39:42,839
Speaker 1: looked like. I could see the two guys on a horse.

676
00:39:42,880 --> 00:39:44,480
Speaker 1: It was hard to tell because it was in the background,

677
00:39:44,520 --> 00:39:47,760
Speaker 1: but I think it was a Revenant that are cloudy

678
00:39:47,800 --> 00:39:52,040
Speaker 1: with the chance of meat pall. Probably not the movie Gravity.

679
00:39:52,600 --> 00:39:57,160
Speaker 1: So yeah, no, they were probably like that could never happen.

680
00:39:58,200 --> 00:40:02,239
Speaker 1: When Neil Degrass Tyson lost his mo about gravity, hey

681
00:40:02,239 --> 00:40:06,040
Speaker 1: he's your pal, he went on a Twitter ran about it. Um,

682
00:40:06,160 --> 00:40:08,440
Speaker 1: then then we should talk about the Chinese, because I

683
00:40:08,480 --> 00:40:11,760
Speaker 1: think it's been unfair not to. The Chinese launched something

684
00:40:11,840 --> 00:40:16,439
Speaker 1: called Tangong one UM back in two thousand three. They

685
00:40:16,560 --> 00:40:20,399
Speaker 1: became the third nation on the planet to launch human

686
00:40:20,480 --> 00:40:26,760
Speaker 1: into space UM and they launched their space There's space

687
00:40:26,800 --> 00:40:31,759
Speaker 1: station in two thousand eleven, and there's been two UM

688
00:40:31,920 --> 00:40:35,520
Speaker 1: two missions to to the space station. I think it's

689
00:40:36,040 --> 00:40:39,200
Speaker 1: it's it's no longer active, but it's still up there.

690
00:40:39,320 --> 00:40:42,960
Speaker 1: But the Chinese admitted this year that they've lost contact

691
00:40:43,000 --> 00:40:45,520
Speaker 1: with the space station. It's no longer under their control,

692
00:40:46,080 --> 00:40:48,319
Speaker 1: so it may end up coming back down to Earth

693
00:40:48,360 --> 00:40:51,880
Speaker 1: and we'll have a new Skylab party for it. But

694
00:40:52,000 --> 00:40:57,759
Speaker 1: the um. The two missions included China's first two women astronauts,

695
00:40:57,840 --> 00:41:01,480
Speaker 1: Liu Yang and Wang Yaping, and um, they were in

696
00:41:01,480 --> 00:41:05,600
Speaker 1: two twelve and two thousand thirteen, and they did I mean,

697
00:41:05,640 --> 00:41:08,440
Speaker 1: they lived in space for a while, just like everybody

698
00:41:08,440 --> 00:41:10,400
Speaker 1: else had. But the Chinese don't participate in the I

699
00:41:10,480 --> 00:41:12,280
Speaker 1: S S. I don't know if they've not been invited

700
00:41:12,640 --> 00:41:15,160
Speaker 1: or if they decline an invitation, but they're doing their

701
00:41:15,160 --> 00:41:19,080
Speaker 1: own parallel thing, UM, which I would get the impression

702
00:41:19,080 --> 00:41:22,600
Speaker 1: that's making people nervous. Interesting. Well, I know it's important

703
00:41:22,680 --> 00:41:28,759
Speaker 1: that they've had uh, women astronauts, female astronauts on the

704
00:41:28,760 --> 00:41:32,080
Speaker 1: I S S because you know, you you need to

705
00:41:32,120 --> 00:41:34,480
Speaker 1: see what space does to them. And I just wonder

706
00:41:34,520 --> 00:41:36,480
Speaker 1: if they're gonna like get to the point where like,

707
00:41:36,560 --> 00:41:38,200
Speaker 1: well we need to if we really want to call

708
00:41:38,280 --> 00:41:40,080
Speaker 1: an ize space, we need to see what happens when

709
00:41:40,080 --> 00:41:44,040
Speaker 1: a baby is up there, or give birth in outer space,

710
00:41:45,000 --> 00:41:47,080
Speaker 1: or have a ten year old or a seventy five

711
00:41:47,160 --> 00:41:50,400
Speaker 1: year old man a ten year old aboard a space

712
00:41:50,440 --> 00:41:55,560
Speaker 1: station for like a year. Yeah, oh man, no, thank you. Um.

713
00:41:55,640 --> 00:41:58,200
Speaker 1: There's one other thing I wanted to mention, Chuck. There's

714
00:41:58,280 --> 00:42:02,279
Speaker 1: the there's talk about out UM saving a lot a

715
00:42:02,360 --> 00:42:05,920
Speaker 1: lot of money with the space station by putting it

716
00:42:06,040 --> 00:42:10,400
Speaker 1: what's called lagrange point And there's La grange point, L

717
00:42:10,480 --> 00:42:15,120
Speaker 1: four and L five and they are these um, these

718
00:42:15,160 --> 00:42:18,040
Speaker 1: little the spots between the Earth and the Moon to

719
00:42:18,120 --> 00:42:20,880
Speaker 1: where the gravity between the Earth and the Moon is counterbalanced.

720
00:42:21,239 --> 00:42:24,240
Speaker 1: So all it does is just go in orbit around

721
00:42:24,280 --> 00:42:25,759
Speaker 1: the Earth and the Moon and it will stay in

722
00:42:25,760 --> 00:42:28,759
Speaker 1: that orbit forever because gravity is not pulling on it

723
00:42:28,880 --> 00:42:30,799
Speaker 1: one way or the other, so you don't have to

724
00:42:30,880 --> 00:42:33,920
Speaker 1: use fuel to keep it in that orbit forever. Right,

725
00:42:34,440 --> 00:42:37,000
Speaker 1: And this is actually like an early idea that that

726
00:42:37,360 --> 00:42:39,319
Speaker 1: I think Arthur C. Clark was the first to put

727
00:42:39,360 --> 00:42:43,040
Speaker 1: it out there in nineteen one. And these lagrange points

728
00:42:43,040 --> 00:42:46,759
Speaker 1: are like orbits like ninety miles across. You can put

729
00:42:46,800 --> 00:42:49,319
Speaker 1: a bunch of space stations in these things and just

730
00:42:49,719 --> 00:42:52,239
Speaker 1: leave them out there. And there's actually something called the

731
00:42:52,360 --> 00:42:56,359
Speaker 1: L five Society that came about UM that is all

732
00:42:56,400 --> 00:43:01,719
Speaker 1: about this kind of thing. Crazy. Well, they they plan

733
00:43:01,880 --> 00:43:06,200
Speaker 1: to disband on a space station in the L five

734
00:43:06,280 --> 00:43:09,480
Speaker 1: band at some point in the future when they all

735
00:43:09,520 --> 00:43:15,239
Speaker 1: come together there for the first time. Sound wonderful. Yeah,

736
00:43:15,239 --> 00:43:20,920
Speaker 1: one more thing. Valerie Polyakov, record holder right, four hundred

737
00:43:20,920 --> 00:43:23,120
Speaker 1: and thirty eight days he did aboard mirror in n

738
00:43:25,239 --> 00:43:27,120
Speaker 1: and he had done like two d and thirty eight

739
00:43:27,200 --> 00:43:31,759
Speaker 1: days before then. Crazy. I bet he's super fainty, you know,

740
00:43:32,160 --> 00:43:35,040
Speaker 1: all the time he's rushing though he can take it.

741
00:43:35,560 --> 00:43:37,719
Speaker 1: Do you got anything else? I got nothing else? All right, Well,

742
00:43:37,800 --> 00:43:40,520
Speaker 1: let's say for space stations for now. If you want

743
00:43:40,560 --> 00:43:42,480
Speaker 1: to learn more about him, you can type those words

744
00:43:42,480 --> 00:43:44,919
Speaker 1: in the search part how stuff works. And uh, since

745
00:43:44,920 --> 00:43:49,560
Speaker 1: I said search parts, time for listener mail. I'm gonna

746
00:43:49,560 --> 00:43:54,960
Speaker 1: call this um oh Chuck's graduation post. So I put

747
00:43:54,960 --> 00:43:57,959
Speaker 1: out a post about my nephew graduating high school. Oh yeah,

748
00:43:58,000 --> 00:44:01,040
Speaker 1: did he really is? Grad way from high school? And

749
00:44:01,200 --> 00:44:07,360
Speaker 1: also the same year, my niece Reagan graduated college Premiorwood College,

750
00:44:08,000 --> 00:44:11,239
Speaker 1: moving to New York City like a good girl, and

751
00:44:11,320 --> 00:44:15,600
Speaker 1: my other niece Abby moved on matriculated into high school

752
00:44:15,800 --> 00:44:19,600
Speaker 1: from middle school. Nothing better than matriculation, nothing better. So

753
00:44:19,640 --> 00:44:21,560
Speaker 1: I went to know his graduation and it really like

754
00:44:22,280 --> 00:44:24,479
Speaker 1: affected me much more than I thought it would, because

755
00:44:24,480 --> 00:44:27,279
Speaker 1: I haven't been to a graduation since my own, like,

756
00:44:27,400 --> 00:44:29,920
Speaker 1: and I didn't walk into college one, so I literally

757
00:44:29,920 --> 00:44:33,400
Speaker 1: have not been to a ceremony and it just stirred

758
00:44:33,440 --> 00:44:38,960
Speaker 1: up all these amazing feelings. No, it was really really

759
00:44:39,000 --> 00:44:41,719
Speaker 1: neat just to hear these kids and their speeches, and

760
00:44:43,080 --> 00:44:44,840
Speaker 1: and I put a Facebook post. I was like, you

761
00:44:44,880 --> 00:44:48,840
Speaker 1: know what, we're great, don't people. Millennials get a lot

762
00:44:48,880 --> 00:44:51,520
Speaker 1: of crap, But like, talked to a seventeen year old

763
00:44:51,520 --> 00:44:54,160
Speaker 1: for a little while, who's doing it right and and

764
00:44:54,440 --> 00:44:57,840
Speaker 1: we're headed in the right direction like this very empathetic, carrying,

765
00:44:57,880 --> 00:45:01,239
Speaker 1: like forward thinking generation. So it was it was really

766
00:45:01,280 --> 00:45:03,840
Speaker 1: neat things. So I just congratulations to all the graduates,

767
00:45:04,280 --> 00:45:07,560
Speaker 1: especially um, well, if you're listening, then I guess you

768
00:45:07,560 --> 00:45:09,719
Speaker 1: are a listener. But all the stuff you should know,

769
00:45:09,719 --> 00:45:12,000
Speaker 1: listeners that have been with us, like throughout high school,

770
00:45:12,400 --> 00:45:14,759
Speaker 1: we appreciate. Um. A girl named Hannah, I want to say,

771
00:45:14,840 --> 00:45:18,120
Speaker 1: rode in and asked for any advice for graduation. That's right,

772
00:45:18,120 --> 00:45:20,480
Speaker 1: and she mentioned you in this speech. Yeah yeah, so

773
00:45:20,640 --> 00:45:24,200
Speaker 1: pretty to her as well. Pretty great stuff. But you're right,

774
00:45:24,520 --> 00:45:29,960
Speaker 1: all stuff you should know listeners who are graduating or matriculating. Congratulation, Yes,

775
00:45:30,080 --> 00:45:34,040
Speaker 1: very big accomplishment. So this from Brandy and Kansas. Hey, guys,

776
00:45:34,080 --> 00:45:36,399
Speaker 1: want to thank you so much for that Facebook post

777
00:45:36,440 --> 00:45:38,680
Speaker 1: about now it's graduation. How you have so much hope

778
00:45:39,080 --> 00:45:41,200
Speaker 1: for the up and coming generation. I'm really excited about

779
00:45:41,200 --> 00:45:43,480
Speaker 1: the world changers coming up and so rare to hear

780
00:45:43,520 --> 00:45:45,680
Speaker 1: someone come out and say how awesome they are on

781
00:45:45,840 --> 00:45:48,680
Speaker 1: that thread. Have you considered it doing a show on

782
00:45:48,920 --> 00:45:52,480
Speaker 1: Kids Today, Fallacy. That's a well documented phenomenon where each

783
00:45:52,480 --> 00:45:56,040
Speaker 1: generation downplays the bad things our own generation didn't believe.

784
00:45:56,120 --> 00:45:59,759
Speaker 1: The ones that follow are lazy, spoiled, entitled. Uh. There

785
00:45:59,760 --> 00:46:02,600
Speaker 1: are quotes literally dating back two thousands of years ago

786
00:46:02,960 --> 00:46:06,399
Speaker 1: of this very thing. Uh. And the music stinks too.

787
00:46:06,719 --> 00:46:09,160
Speaker 1: I'm sure that's the other part of that. Yeah, yeah,

788
00:46:10,080 --> 00:46:12,239
Speaker 1: oh no, no, no, yeah, the music today stinks our

789
00:46:12,320 --> 00:46:15,520
Speaker 1: rights better. I would love to hear you explain this nonsense,

790
00:46:15,960 --> 00:46:19,359
Speaker 1: how people stop being so crotchety and instead recognize their

791
00:46:19,440 --> 00:46:22,760
Speaker 1: role in helping to shape the future generations. Second request,

792
00:46:23,480 --> 00:46:26,480
Speaker 1: come to Kansas. You guys make fun of us enough

793
00:46:26,520 --> 00:46:28,680
Speaker 1: and it's time to pace a visit. We topped some

794
00:46:28,760 --> 00:46:32,200
Speaker 1: lists for the most beautiful sunsets and landscapes and also

795
00:46:32,360 --> 00:46:36,239
Speaker 1: have cities on national lists the places to Live. It

796
00:46:36,320 --> 00:46:39,480
Speaker 1: takes more than a beautiful sunset to get us to

797
00:46:39,480 --> 00:46:44,640
Speaker 1: do a live show. Analystic goals. We make fun of

798
00:46:44,719 --> 00:46:48,239
Speaker 1: Kansas because of our good friend to Aaron Cooper and

799
00:46:49,320 --> 00:46:53,440
Speaker 1: our buddy Isaac McNary is really the two people that

800
00:46:53,480 --> 00:46:56,640
Speaker 1: we're targeting when we make fun of Kansas and the governor,

801
00:46:56,760 --> 00:47:00,359
Speaker 1: And it's all out of love because Isaaca and Aaron

802
00:47:00,400 --> 00:47:02,000
Speaker 1: are great. And we met Aaron at our show in

803
00:47:02,080 --> 00:47:05,920
Speaker 1: Denver and he's just as nice and cool as I

804
00:47:05,920 --> 00:47:07,520
Speaker 1: thought he was gonna be. And we met our pal

805
00:47:07,560 --> 00:47:11,200
Speaker 1: Tyler Murphy too, and met Tyler and his friends Timothy

806
00:47:11,239 --> 00:47:15,080
Speaker 1: and Sarah, and our friend Jane Jenabel was in the audience,

807
00:47:15,280 --> 00:47:17,480
Speaker 1: and our old buddy Greg Storkin was in the audience.

808
00:47:17,560 --> 00:47:20,120
Speaker 1: It was something else. Yeah, Denver was like these some

809
00:47:20,280 --> 00:47:23,400
Speaker 1: of our oldest, oldest fans were in attendance, so that

810
00:47:23,520 --> 00:47:27,880
Speaker 1: was wonderful. Anyway, we're not coming to Kansas. Thanks for

811
00:47:27,880 --> 00:47:30,080
Speaker 1: a great show, guys, only have a few episodes left

812
00:47:30,080 --> 00:47:32,359
Speaker 1: to go from got up and then I will enter

813
00:47:32,440 --> 00:47:35,239
Speaker 1: the pit of despair, so at least satisfy one of

814
00:47:35,280 --> 00:47:37,799
Speaker 1: my requests who can help pull me out? And as

815
00:47:37,840 --> 00:47:41,880
Speaker 1: Brandy in Manhattan, Kansas, thank you Brandy. Good luck in

816
00:47:41,920 --> 00:47:45,080
Speaker 1: the pit of despair. Uh, if you want to get

817
00:47:45,120 --> 00:47:46,880
Speaker 1: in touch of this. You can hang out with us

818
00:47:46,880 --> 00:47:51,040
Speaker 1: on social media. We're on Instagram and Twitter, s y

819
00:47:51,160 --> 00:47:53,719
Speaker 1: s K podcast and on Facebook at Facebook dot com

820
00:47:53,719 --> 00:47:55,920
Speaker 1: slash stuff you Should Know. You can send us an

821
00:47:55,920 --> 00:47:58,319
Speaker 1: email to Stuff Podcast at how stuff Works dot com

822
00:47:58,600 --> 00:48:00,640
Speaker 1: and as always, joined us at our him on the web,

823
00:48:01,080 --> 00:48:08,160
Speaker 1: Stuff you Should Know dot com. For more on this

824
00:48:08,320 --> 00:48:10,839
Speaker 1: and thousands of other topics, is it how stuff Works

825
00:48:10,880 --> 00:48:18,440
Speaker 1: dot com