WEBVTT - Matinee Science Playlist, Part 7: ‘The Tingler’

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff to Blow Your Mind, a production of

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<v Speaker 1>I Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, you, welcome to

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<v Speaker 1>Stuff to Blow Your Mind. My name is Robert Lamb

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<v Speaker 1>and I'm Joe McCormick. And in the grand tradition of

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<v Speaker 1>the Dark Crystal Highlander to the Quickening two thousand one

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<v Speaker 1>of Space Odyssey. Boy, do we have a movie episode

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<v Speaker 1>for you today? That's right. We would previously wondered if

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<v Speaker 1>we would get outside of the sixties, seventies, eighties, and

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<v Speaker 1>nineties for a movie episode, and now we have because

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<v Speaker 1>this episode takes us to nineteen fifty nine. Uh, this

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<v Speaker 1>is a very nineteen fifties kind of movie in multiple

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<v Speaker 1>ways as Uh. They will actually kind of connect with

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<v Speaker 1>our series on Psychedelics, though I'm not sure if that's

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<v Speaker 1>why we ended up doing this. So today we're gonna

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<v Speaker 1>be talking about William Castle's The Tingler. How did we

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<v Speaker 1>arrive at The Tingler? What was this? This was your idea, right, Robert? Well, yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>like basically, we just did that big series on Psychedelics

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<v Speaker 1>five episode and I was thinking, well, it's time to

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<v Speaker 1>do a movie episode again. Well, let's let's do a

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<v Speaker 1>psychedelic film. And so I was thinking, well, maybe we'll

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<v Speaker 1>do something like Blue Sunshine from Night, which we're both

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<v Speaker 1>partial to, or yes, one of the ugliest films, right

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<v Speaker 1>that that does concern like LSD. Or I thought, well,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, maybe a more of like a modern film

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<v Speaker 1>like Beyond the Black Rainbow, which is another psychedelic film

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<v Speaker 1>that I really like. But then I started poking around

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<v Speaker 1>and I realized that the the earliest reference to LSD

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<v Speaker 1>and a major motion picture is none other than nineteen

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<v Speaker 1>fifty nine. Is The Tingler really the earliest? I didn't

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<v Speaker 1>know that. Yeah, that's what I That's what I've read

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<v Speaker 1>is that the references to LSD in this film mark

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<v Speaker 1>that the first time that LSD was referenced in a

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<v Speaker 1>major motion picture. I mean, it would make sense because,

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<v Speaker 1>as we know from our research on psychedelics, uh, there

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<v Speaker 1>was legitimate LSD based therapy or l s D assisted

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<v Speaker 1>therapy going on in the nineteen fifties. There was LSD

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<v Speaker 1>therapeutic research going on in the nineteen fifties. It was

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<v Speaker 1>it was kind of all over the place. And actually

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<v Speaker 1>in the nineteen fifties it wasn't as controversial yet as

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<v Speaker 1>it would become later, right, And it was legal at

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<v Speaker 1>this point too. Yeah, uh yeah, and so there probably

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<v Speaker 1>would have been a lot of experience. In fact, I

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<v Speaker 1>remember reading a few accounts about people in Hollywood specifically

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<v Speaker 1>saying that they benefited from LST assisted therapy. They were

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<v Speaker 1>like movie stars in the nineteen fifties who had therapists

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<v Speaker 1>in Beverly Hills that gave him LST and had him

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<v Speaker 1>a lie on the couch and talk through their problems,

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<v Speaker 1>and they were like, Wow, this stuff is great. So

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<v Speaker 1>it's kind of surprising it didn't end up in the

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<v Speaker 1>movies earlier. Yeah, it really is. But it's not surprising

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<v Speaker 1>to me anyway that it ends up in a horror

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<v Speaker 1>film and essentially kind of a B picture, because because

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<v Speaker 1>that's where you you see a lot of like the

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<v Speaker 1>first strikes, the first references to some sort of new idea,

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<v Speaker 1>new movement, new sometimes a new technology, or some sort

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<v Speaker 1>of new societal, uh concept or fear. I think we

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<v Speaker 1>should give you the listener a direct sense of the

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<v Speaker 1>flavor of the tingle. So can we do a little

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<v Speaker 1>audio sample here. I'm William Castle, and I feel obligated

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<v Speaker 1>to warn you about the next attraction you will see

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<v Speaker 1>at this theater. The picture is the Tingler, which I directed,

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<v Speaker 1>and for the first time in motion picture history, members

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<v Speaker 1>of the audience, including you, will actually play a part

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<v Speaker 1>in the picture. You will feel some of the physical reactions,

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<v Speaker 1>the shocking sensations experienced by the actors on the screen.

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<v Speaker 1>I guarantee that The Tingler has more shocks per minute

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<v Speaker 1>in my last film, The House on Haunted Hill. But

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<v Speaker 1>don't be alarmed. You can protect yourself. When you see

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<v Speaker 1>the picture, you will be told and remember the instruction

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<v Speaker 1>how you can guard yourself from attack by the Tingler.

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<v Speaker 1>And now may I show you a few scenes from

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<v Speaker 1>The Tingler? All right? So that was that is uh,

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<v Speaker 1>William Castle himself just selling you on this picture. It's

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<v Speaker 1>such a weird trailer because it was just part of it.

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<v Speaker 1>But it's just basically him in front of the camera saying,

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<v Speaker 1>I've got a picture for you. He's got It's like

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<v Speaker 1>he's not like a film director. He's like a guy

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<v Speaker 1>with the Traveling Medicine Show. He's like, I must warn

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<v Speaker 1>you that these tonics are so potent they have been

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<v Speaker 1>outlawed in four counties for the amazing benefits it has.

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<v Speaker 1>You know, like he's just selling it and selling it

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<v Speaker 1>and uh, and and so William Castle, of course was

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<v Speaker 1>a horror director. He directed movies like The House on

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<v Speaker 1>Haunted Hill, which also has Vincent Price. I don't know,

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<v Speaker 1>did the cliff reveal that this movie has Bencent Price?

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<v Speaker 1>The Tingler features Vincent Price in the lead role. So

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<v Speaker 1>you mentioned House on Haunted Hill, fifty nine, Tinkler and

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<v Speaker 1>fifty nine, follow that up with Thirteen Ghosts in nineteen sixty,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, just back to back. Uh. He would go

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<v Speaker 1>he would, you know, produce a number of pictures like this.

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<v Speaker 1>He would go on to produce Rosemary's Baby in Night

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<v Speaker 1>so produced not yeah, of course. So where we enter

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<v Speaker 1>the Tingler to oratory here though, is after the success

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<v Speaker 1>of House on Haunted Hill, Columbia Pictures set Castle up

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<v Speaker 1>with his own unit, and uh and this was his

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<v Speaker 1>first project under that unit. Uh. He this this was

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<v Speaker 1>mainly because you know, he had a reputation for delivering

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<v Speaker 1>films on time, under budget, and he was famously a

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<v Speaker 1>promotion king when it came to these films. Uh, and

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<v Speaker 1>was all throughout his career. Was often you know, pulling

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<v Speaker 1>out these different gimmicks, like not just selling you the

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<v Speaker 1>theater experience in the shock of the film, But but

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<v Speaker 1>something beyond, like some new technology that was going to

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<v Speaker 1>make the film, uh, you know, all the more evocative.

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<v Speaker 1>It was like for a time when people were bored

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<v Speaker 1>with regular old movies, so they would try gimmicks of course,

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<v Speaker 1>like three D right, three D glasses and all that.

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<v Speaker 1>But but William Castle was sort of went in another direction. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>he would beyond that. So howiseon Haunted On Haunted Hill

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<v Speaker 1>was filmed in Immergo, which sounds fancy. It sounds like

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<v Speaker 1>some sort of special filter that's used on the camera.

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<v Speaker 1>Does Amergo have an exclamation point after? I don't think

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<v Speaker 1>it did, but it was kind of implied. But basically

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<v Speaker 1>this boiled down to a red eyed skeleton prop would

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<v Speaker 1>float over the theater on wires during a key scene

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<v Speaker 1>in the picture. Thirteen Ghosts was filmed in illusion oh,

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<v Speaker 1>which meant audience This is actually a little more complicated.

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<v Speaker 1>Audience members were given red blue screens to either see

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<v Speaker 1>or hide the ghosts that appear in the movie. Oh

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<v Speaker 1>I see. So yeah, there'd be like a like a

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<v Speaker 1>color polarized kind of image on the screen, and so

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<v Speaker 1>you could hold up the screens to either see or

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<v Speaker 1>not see the ghost on the picture, and that's rather

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<v Speaker 1>clever apparently like recent Blu Ray releases of the film

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<v Speaker 1>like coming with a little gadget that that replicates this effect. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>that's kind of fun. Homicidal from featured a fright break

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<v Speaker 1>during which you you know, you could you have this

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<v Speaker 1>break to catch your breath and decide if you wanted

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<v Speaker 1>to stay and see then in the finale or leave

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<v Speaker 1>and get a full refund. So you know, it's one

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<v Speaker 1>of those you see this a lot with promotions of

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<v Speaker 1>these pictures, like they're so confident, uh in its the

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<v Speaker 1>ability to deliver that you you were offered a full refund.

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<v Speaker 1>And then there was also Mr Sardonicus from nine and

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<v Speaker 1>in this the audience got to vote with glow in

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<v Speaker 1>the dark cards on the fate of the villain. And

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<v Speaker 1>this one's interesting because it was it was almost certainly

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<v Speaker 1>gimmicked because you had two endings. You had the mercy

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<v Speaker 1>ending for the villain and then the the ending where

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<v Speaker 1>the villain got his come up, and and there are

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<v Speaker 1>allegations that they never even shot the mercy endings, like

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<v Speaker 1>nobody was going to vote for it, so you know,

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<v Speaker 1>you didn't really have the choice. It was just the

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<v Speaker 1>illusion of the choice which audience is going to be like,

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<v Speaker 1>I don't want the villain to be punished. Yeah. Castle

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<v Speaker 1>claimed that he shot it, but but some disagree. And

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<v Speaker 1>then there were various other promotional gimmicks and claims over

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<v Speaker 1>the years, but The Tingler is ultimately, I think the

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<v Speaker 1>most famous of these because it was filmed in percepto

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<v Speaker 1>percepto that's so good. From what I understand. That means

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<v Speaker 1>more like, there were some appliances installed in seats in

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<v Speaker 1>the movie theater which would which would mess with members

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<v Speaker 1>of the audience. Yeah. Basically, Castle purchased military surplus airplane

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<v Speaker 1>wing de iceres, which are essentially vibration devices and motors.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah uh, and put these up under some of the

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<v Speaker 1>chairs in theaters showing the picture, and they went off

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<v Speaker 1>at a key moment in the film during which the Tingler,

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<v Speaker 1>the monster will describe in a bit, is on the

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<v Speaker 1>loose in a theater in the film, and Vincent Price's

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<v Speaker 1>character tells the audience to scream, scream for your lives. Uh.

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<v Speaker 1>And then also Castle planted human screamers and key locations

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<v Speaker 1>as well. Yeah uh. And so this is funny because

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<v Speaker 1>this has been replicated in other films like the movie

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<v Speaker 1>Gremlins too from what was that nineteen nine or so

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<v Speaker 1>or the into the eighties whenever it is. That's a

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<v Speaker 1>fantastic movie, by the way, one of the best of

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<v Speaker 1>eighties motion pictures. Um. You know, one of my favorites,

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<v Speaker 1>John Carpenters in the Mouth of Madness ends in a

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<v Speaker 1>movie theater. Oh yeah, yeah, And so I think some

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<v Speaker 1>of them are taking after this William Castle kind of thing,

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<v Speaker 1>where like there's a scene in a movie theater and

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<v Speaker 1>the movie kind of breaks the fourth wall to like

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<v Speaker 1>wink at the audience and be like, just imagine you're

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<v Speaker 1>in this movie theater. Yeah. I was actually lucky enough

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<v Speaker 1>to see the thing there for the first time a

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<v Speaker 1>couple of years ago at the Plaza Theater here in Atlanta,

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<v Speaker 1>where it was riffed live by Trace Bolieu and Frank

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<v Speaker 1>Conniff from Mr Sennen's Theater. Okay, they were there in

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<v Speaker 1>person to to riff it, and there were no d

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<v Speaker 1>ier is installed under the seats, but the screaming part

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<v Speaker 1>of the film was still a lot of fun. Like

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<v Speaker 1>everybody in the audience really got into it and screamed

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<v Speaker 1>for their lives, right. They actually encouraged the audience to

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<v Speaker 1>scream because they suggest that the monster from the film

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<v Speaker 1>has become real and is out in the theater with you. Yes,

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<v Speaker 1>I can imagine that was a lot of fun with

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<v Speaker 1>Dr Forrester and TV's Frank on Hand. Oh absolutely, all right,

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<v Speaker 1>So that's basically Castle in a nutshell. I don't know

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<v Speaker 1>how much we really have to say about Vincent Price,

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<v Speaker 1>because I mean, he's Vincent Brice. He was a legend,

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<v Speaker 1>Hollywood legend. Acted more than a hundred films, everything from

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<v Speaker 1>like the Tin Conn Endments in nineteen fifty six to

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<v Speaker 1>a string of wonderful Led Girl and po adaptations. He

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<v Speaker 1>was in The Fly, The Abominable Doctor fivees uh Ultiate,

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<v Speaker 1>later on, towards the end of his career, Edward Scissor Hands. So,

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<v Speaker 1>I mean he's and then he was in He was

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<v Speaker 1>on Batman, he was on The Muppet Show. He was

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<v Speaker 1>a cooking enthusiast and author, a supporter of commendable social

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<v Speaker 1>issues and campaigns. I mean, he's one of those rare

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<v Speaker 1>old Hollywood stars that the more you learn about him,

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<v Speaker 1>I feel like, you know, the more you look up

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<v Speaker 1>to him, the more you respected, the more you can

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<v Speaker 1>even relate to him the rare case where you there's

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<v Speaker 1>a famous person who doesn't turn out to be more

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<v Speaker 1>and more of a sleeves bag the more you like. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>And then there's a finally of note here there's the

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<v Speaker 1>screenwriter of The Tingler, which it's easy to overlook with

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<v Speaker 1>films like this, that yes, somebody wrote this, there was

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<v Speaker 1>a screenwriter, and the screenwriter someone of note because it's

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<v Speaker 1>it was Rob White, who lived nineteen o nine through

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<v Speaker 1>nineteen ninety, and he was a prolific writer. That's probably

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<v Speaker 1>best remembered as the author of the nineteen seventy two

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<v Speaker 1>novel death Watch, which has been adapted twice, once with

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<v Speaker 1>Andy Griffith and Sam Bottoms and a second time with

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<v Speaker 1>Michael Douglas and Jeremy Irvine. White had previously worked with

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<v Speaker 1>Castle on House on a Hunted Hill, uh, and he

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<v Speaker 1>was impressed, apparently by a creepy white worm prop on

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<v Speaker 1>the set. But he was also inspired to make the

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<v Speaker 1>mad science angle in the story a little more cutting

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<v Speaker 1>edge by bringing in LSD. So Turner. Classic Movies insider

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<v Speaker 1>Info shares a quote from an interview that authored Tom

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<v Speaker 1>Weaver had with White. Tom Weavers great by the way.

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<v Speaker 1>He does some really good commentaries on some of the

0:11:41.600 --> 0:11:45.720
<v Speaker 1>Universal Monster. Yeah, he's the author of this particular book.

0:11:45.760 --> 0:11:48.280
<v Speaker 1>It's from his apparently Return of the b Science Fiction

0:11:48.320 --> 0:11:51.679
<v Speaker 1>and Horror Heroes. And this is White's White speaking here. Quote.

0:11:51.679 --> 0:11:54.360
<v Speaker 1>I wanted something different from the typical shot or pill

0:11:54.440 --> 0:11:57.920
<v Speaker 1>that you see in movie trips. Algis Huxley told me

0:11:58.000 --> 0:11:59.760
<v Speaker 1>about a doctor at U C. L A who was

0:11:59.800 --> 0:12:03.680
<v Speaker 1>run in an experiment on online sergic acid LSD. So

0:12:03.760 --> 0:12:06.160
<v Speaker 1>I went up there to see this man, Dr Cohen,

0:12:06.440 --> 0:12:08.720
<v Speaker 1>and he gave me some of it. He took me

0:12:08.760 --> 0:12:11.640
<v Speaker 1>into a nice little room with a cod in a radio,

0:12:11.880 --> 0:12:14.040
<v Speaker 1>and he got something out of his refrigerator and gave

0:12:14.040 --> 0:12:16.720
<v Speaker 1>me a shot. It was all legal. Then I watched

0:12:16.760 --> 0:12:19.160
<v Speaker 1>the grain in the wood writhing around and listened to

0:12:19.160 --> 0:12:21.600
<v Speaker 1>the music. It was very pleasant, although I did never

0:12:21.640 --> 0:12:23.720
<v Speaker 1>want to do it again. This is funny that he

0:12:23.760 --> 0:12:26.800
<v Speaker 1>describes it as pleasant because it is specifically deployed in

0:12:26.840 --> 0:12:30.560
<v Speaker 1>the movie as part of the like acid exploitation kind

0:12:30.600 --> 0:12:33.760
<v Speaker 1>of vibe where it like gives you nightmares and drives

0:12:33.800 --> 0:12:37.600
<v Speaker 1>you insane. Right now, Huxley, you might remember from our

0:12:37.600 --> 0:12:41.040
<v Speaker 1>psychedelic episodes. Not only wrote Brave New World. But he

0:12:41.120 --> 0:12:44.719
<v Speaker 1>wrote the highly influential book The Doors of Perception ur

0:12:44.800 --> 0:12:48.360
<v Speaker 1>which explores the psychedelic experience. Yeah, and Huxley had a

0:12:48.400 --> 0:12:53.280
<v Speaker 1>correspondence with Humphrey Osmond, who was an important nineteen fifties

0:12:53.480 --> 0:12:57.040
<v Speaker 1>psychedelic researcher, and they it was from their correspondence I

0:12:57.080 --> 0:13:01.360
<v Speaker 1>believe that the term psychedelic came. Yeah. And then oh,

0:13:01.480 --> 0:13:02.960
<v Speaker 1>by the way that I think we may have touched

0:13:02.960 --> 0:13:04.840
<v Speaker 1>on this in past episodes of Stuff to Blow Your Mind.

0:13:04.840 --> 0:13:09.120
<v Speaker 1>But Huxley experienced a fantasia. He couldn't form, you know,

0:13:09.160 --> 0:13:12.280
<v Speaker 1>mental images in his mind except when he had large

0:13:12.360 --> 0:13:17.240
<v Speaker 1>quantities of mescaline. That's interesting. So, uh so White had

0:13:17.240 --> 0:13:20.040
<v Speaker 1>this experience worked it into the plot, and we'll discuss

0:13:20.040 --> 0:13:22.880
<v Speaker 1>how he does that later. But then apparently White related

0:13:22.960 --> 0:13:25.959
<v Speaker 1>his experiences to Vincent Price, hoping that it would convince

0:13:25.960 --> 0:13:29.640
<v Speaker 1>Price to give a more convincing performance in the film,

0:13:30.040 --> 0:13:32.199
<v Speaker 1>you know, specifically in the scene where he's supposed to

0:13:32.200 --> 0:13:35.400
<v Speaker 1>be on LSD. But then Price allegedly just disregarded the

0:13:35.440 --> 0:13:38.040
<v Speaker 1>suggestion and did it like the typical like Vincent Price

0:13:38.080 --> 0:13:40.360
<v Speaker 1>freak out the scene. Oh yeah, he's got the wide

0:13:40.360 --> 0:13:43.760
<v Speaker 1>open mouth and the ohh he's I think he's supposed

0:13:43.800 --> 0:13:46.760
<v Speaker 1>to be hallucinating that the walls are closing in on him.

0:13:46.800 --> 0:13:50.400
<v Speaker 1>But the scene is hilarious because he's trying to prevent

0:13:50.440 --> 0:13:52.679
<v Speaker 1>the walls from closing in on him by running back

0:13:52.720 --> 0:13:55.080
<v Speaker 1>and forth between the walls, and it's like a thirty

0:13:55.120 --> 0:13:58.520
<v Speaker 1>foot wide room. So he runs and pushes on a wall,

0:13:58.800 --> 0:14:01.000
<v Speaker 1>then runs all the way to the other side, moaning

0:14:01.040 --> 0:14:04.920
<v Speaker 1>and pushes on that wall. Uh. I don't want to.

0:14:05.000 --> 0:14:07.839
<v Speaker 1>I don't want to, you know, blame Price in any

0:14:07.920 --> 0:14:09.800
<v Speaker 1>of this, because I mean, he still gives a really

0:14:09.800 --> 0:14:12.840
<v Speaker 1>solid performance. Was ultimately like the glube holding the whole

0:14:12.840 --> 0:14:15.880
<v Speaker 1>thing together. His charisma carries the film. I mean, one

0:14:15.920 --> 0:14:18.560
<v Speaker 1>thing I will say about this movie is I was

0:14:18.679 --> 0:14:22.240
<v Speaker 1>surprised how engaging it was. We watched it just last night.

0:14:22.520 --> 0:14:24.520
<v Speaker 1>I don't know how I've made it this far without

0:14:24.520 --> 0:14:27.320
<v Speaker 1>seeing The Tanler before, especially because I love, you know,

0:14:27.520 --> 0:14:31.320
<v Speaker 1>nineteen fifties horror movies, and and and I how did

0:14:31.360 --> 0:14:34.440
<v Speaker 1>it happen? I think for some reason I had maybe

0:14:34.520 --> 0:14:37.720
<v Speaker 1>been told or I just assumed somehow that it was

0:14:37.840 --> 0:14:41.560
<v Speaker 1>one of those really dull, dry nineteen fifties sci fi

0:14:41.600 --> 0:14:43.640
<v Speaker 1>horror movies and you know, there are a number of those.

0:14:43.680 --> 0:14:46.760
<v Speaker 1>There are a lot of fifties horror movies I like

0:14:46.880 --> 0:14:50.080
<v Speaker 1>that maybe have a great, funny looking monster, great set

0:14:50.160 --> 0:14:52.560
<v Speaker 1>or prop or something, but a lot of the characters

0:14:52.600 --> 0:14:56.440
<v Speaker 1>and the dialogue are just infinitely stiff, you know, kind

0:14:56.480 --> 0:15:01.920
<v Speaker 1>of like gray neutral things receding into infinity, and so

0:15:02.040 --> 0:15:04.360
<v Speaker 1>it just happened sometimes I assume this was one of those.

0:15:04.680 --> 0:15:08.640
<v Speaker 1>Not the case at all. This movie is like highly engaging,

0:15:08.880 --> 0:15:13.760
<v Speaker 1>really funny camp and I couldn't stop. I couldn't stop watching. Yeah,

0:15:13.800 --> 0:15:16.200
<v Speaker 1>I think it's it's easy to overlook it from our

0:15:16.240 --> 0:15:20.160
<v Speaker 1>standpoint looking back through cinematic history, because on one hand,

0:15:20.240 --> 0:15:21.560
<v Speaker 1>if you if you see just a line of a

0:15:21.600 --> 0:15:24.160
<v Speaker 1>different movie Monsters, the Tingler is not going to be

0:15:24.200 --> 0:15:27.560
<v Speaker 1>as captivating as you know, certainly like Universal Monsters, but

0:15:27.600 --> 0:15:31.120
<v Speaker 1>even other things like the crawling brain creatures and Fiend

0:15:31.120 --> 0:15:34.280
<v Speaker 1>without a Face that sort of thing. Uh, and yeah,

0:15:34.320 --> 0:15:36.360
<v Speaker 1>it can easily be lost in the shuffle. It also

0:15:36.440 --> 0:15:39.360
<v Speaker 1>doesn't help that the trailer for it is just William

0:15:39.400 --> 0:15:41.240
<v Speaker 1>Castle telling you how scary it's going to be, and

0:15:41.520 --> 0:15:43.680
<v Speaker 1>like shots of people screaming. Yeah, but it is a

0:15:43.720 --> 0:15:46.160
<v Speaker 1>really fun movie, I think because a lot of it

0:15:46.200 --> 0:15:50.160
<v Speaker 1>I think has to do with the charisma of Vincent Price,

0:15:50.240 --> 0:15:52.360
<v Speaker 1>and like the weirdness of the premise. A lot of

0:15:52.400 --> 0:15:55.320
<v Speaker 1>it also just has to do with the zany nous

0:15:55.360 --> 0:15:58.400
<v Speaker 1>of the plot. Yeah, it has a zany plot and

0:15:58.400 --> 0:16:01.080
<v Speaker 1>and really just a weird premise. We're gonna get into

0:16:01.080 --> 0:16:04.640
<v Speaker 1>this and and ultimately draw some some science out of it,

0:16:05.000 --> 0:16:08.560
<v Speaker 1>but yeah, this is a weird plot. And even if

0:16:08.560 --> 0:16:11.520
<v Speaker 1>White's LSD experiences didn't have a huge influence on Vincent

0:16:11.520 --> 0:16:14.480
<v Speaker 1>Price's performance, and ultimately they don't even factor into the

0:16:14.520 --> 0:16:18.800
<v Speaker 1>plot all that deeply, I still wonder, if you know,

0:16:19.200 --> 0:16:21.480
<v Speaker 1>if what we're looking at here some of the weirder

0:16:21.520 --> 0:16:24.200
<v Speaker 1>aspects of it might have something to do with the

0:16:24.240 --> 0:16:27.600
<v Speaker 1>psychedelic experience. I think it is a more engaging film

0:16:27.680 --> 0:16:30.760
<v Speaker 1>because it was written by somebody who had an LSD experience.

0:16:30.800 --> 0:16:33.600
<v Speaker 1>I'll go I'll go that far and make that assumption.

0:16:33.800 --> 0:16:36.680
<v Speaker 1>So maybe we should just describe what happens in the movie. Warning,

0:16:36.720 --> 0:16:40.160
<v Speaker 1>we're gonna have some spoilers for this movie from If

0:16:40.160 --> 0:16:43.000
<v Speaker 1>you want to watch it fresh, pause the podcast. Now

0:16:43.240 --> 0:16:46.080
<v Speaker 1>go see it. It's available you know, for rent at

0:16:46.120 --> 0:16:52.200
<v Speaker 1>all major online movie rental websites, alright, so the plot

0:16:52.200 --> 0:16:53.400
<v Speaker 1>of the film is kind of a mess, but here's

0:16:53.400 --> 0:16:57.280
<v Speaker 1>how it goes. The crazy central nugget upon which everything

0:16:57.400 --> 0:17:01.640
<v Speaker 1>is based is that Dr Warren che Happen. That's prices character.

0:17:01.720 --> 0:17:04.400
<v Speaker 1>I think they say Chapenha've been a couple of years

0:17:04.440 --> 0:17:07.399
<v Speaker 1>and I've seen it. So Dr Chapin, he's a pathologist

0:17:07.640 --> 0:17:11.920
<v Speaker 1>who makes a game changing discovery about human physiology, something

0:17:11.960 --> 0:17:17.560
<v Speaker 1>that scientist healers shamans uh you know, body hacking warriors

0:17:18.080 --> 0:17:22.959
<v Speaker 1>uh failed to discover throughout our species entire history. And

0:17:23.000 --> 0:17:26.680
<v Speaker 1>this is it. We all have a centipede like paraside

0:17:26.800 --> 0:17:30.679
<v Speaker 1>a k a. A tingler affixed to our spine and

0:17:30.760 --> 0:17:34.720
<v Speaker 1>it curls up and feeds whenever we exhibit fear, and

0:17:34.760 --> 0:17:38.920
<v Speaker 1>if it keeps feeding, it kills us by constructing constricting

0:17:38.920 --> 0:17:42.240
<v Speaker 1>our spinal cord. But we have a way to cope

0:17:42.240 --> 0:17:46.520
<v Speaker 1>with it. Screaming weakens the creature and stops its strangulation

0:17:46.680 --> 0:17:49.080
<v Speaker 1>on the human spine. So you can tell this was

0:17:49.160 --> 0:17:51.480
<v Speaker 1>kind of I think written around the idea, or I

0:17:51.520 --> 0:17:53.320
<v Speaker 1>don't know, maybe maybe it was adapted to what was

0:17:53.359 --> 0:17:56.119
<v Speaker 1>already in the script, the idea of getting people to scream,

0:17:56.200 --> 0:17:58.199
<v Speaker 1>as like a gimmick in the theater. So they're like

0:17:58.240 --> 0:18:01.040
<v Speaker 1>parts of the movie that just have people screaming. It's

0:18:01.080 --> 0:18:03.760
<v Speaker 1>like divorced from the plot. It's just faces on the

0:18:03.800 --> 0:18:09.920
<v Speaker 1>screen screaming into the camera with really ragged, real sounding screams.

0:18:10.200 --> 0:18:12.560
<v Speaker 1>This kind of shocking because usually the screams you hear

0:18:12.600 --> 0:18:15.280
<v Speaker 1>in a movie feel a little bit smoothed over. They're

0:18:15.280 --> 0:18:18.720
<v Speaker 1>a little bit sanitary as far as screams go. Yeah,

0:18:18.720 --> 0:18:22.040
<v Speaker 1>but these are these feel unsettling for sure. Yeah, totally.

0:18:22.400 --> 0:18:26.960
<v Speaker 1>And so this premise is amazing so Vincent Price. It

0:18:27.040 --> 0:18:31.320
<v Speaker 1>starts off with him as a guy who does autopsies.

0:18:31.800 --> 0:18:36.600
<v Speaker 1>He's like doing autopsies on executed condemned prisoners who were

0:18:36.720 --> 0:18:40.120
<v Speaker 1>murderers and stuff, and he keeps getting this idea, why

0:18:40.160 --> 0:18:44.520
<v Speaker 1>do I find the spinal column cracked and destroyed? You know,

0:18:44.600 --> 0:18:47.439
<v Speaker 1>and these people who died of fright. There's actually a

0:18:47.480 --> 0:18:50.520
<v Speaker 1>great part where he's he says something like, I've thought

0:18:50.600 --> 0:18:54.120
<v Speaker 1>about not for two years, but the spinal cracking due

0:18:54.119 --> 0:18:58.680
<v Speaker 1>to fear. So yeah, you just kind of have to imagine,

0:18:58.720 --> 0:19:01.600
<v Speaker 1>like all of his conversation ends of his family and friends,

0:19:01.640 --> 0:19:04.520
<v Speaker 1>it all comes back to the spinal column breaking due

0:19:04.560 --> 0:19:07.160
<v Speaker 1>to fear and yeah, and so he makes this discovery

0:19:07.200 --> 0:19:09.680
<v Speaker 1>that it's it's a Tingler. It's a parasitic organism that

0:19:10.000 --> 0:19:13.120
<v Speaker 1>not just these individuals have, but that everybody has. Right,

0:19:13.160 --> 0:19:16.040
<v Speaker 1>everybody's got a Tingler. And and I'm it's been a

0:19:16.040 --> 0:19:19.000
<v Speaker 1>while since I've I've seen it. But as I recall, like,

0:19:19.080 --> 0:19:22.760
<v Speaker 1>he uses LSD to try and invoke an intense enough

0:19:22.880 --> 0:19:26.200
<v Speaker 1>experience of fear in himself to better study the Tinglers.

0:19:26.200 --> 0:19:29.399
<v Speaker 1>That right, Yeah, So he's trying to to document the

0:19:29.400 --> 0:19:32.000
<v Speaker 1>Tingler I think by taking X rays of people's spines

0:19:32.160 --> 0:19:36.360
<v Speaker 1>right after they're mortified and uh. And so he wants

0:19:36.400 --> 0:19:40.040
<v Speaker 1>to do it to himself, but he laments the fact

0:19:40.119 --> 0:19:44.040
<v Speaker 1>that nothing scares him. It's like, you know, when I

0:19:44.080 --> 0:19:46.880
<v Speaker 1>was a child, I could have been afraid, but now

0:19:46.920 --> 0:19:49.600
<v Speaker 1>I'm just grown up and nothing, nothing really scares me

0:19:49.680 --> 0:19:52.240
<v Speaker 1>like that. So he gets the bright idea to inject

0:19:52.320 --> 0:19:56.159
<v Speaker 1>himself with LSD and this will they explain helpfully in

0:19:56.160 --> 0:19:59.159
<v Speaker 1>the film that this will induce nightmares like nothing else.

0:19:59.680 --> 0:20:01.719
<v Speaker 1>And so he does it, and the walls start closing

0:20:01.720 --> 0:20:03.800
<v Speaker 1>in and he starts looking at a prop skeleton and

0:20:03.920 --> 0:20:07.520
<v Speaker 1>his laboratory and this causes him to have such terror

0:20:07.560 --> 0:20:09.720
<v Speaker 1>that I guess the tingler comes out of him. But

0:20:09.760 --> 0:20:12.679
<v Speaker 1>the problem is, I think what he's try that's right,

0:20:12.800 --> 0:20:15.600
<v Speaker 1>it activates, right, it activates, which means it like puffs

0:20:15.640 --> 0:20:17.639
<v Speaker 1>up like a balloon on your spine and you can

0:20:17.680 --> 0:20:20.080
<v Speaker 1>see it in X rays when you wouldn't normally be

0:20:20.160 --> 0:20:22.359
<v Speaker 1>able to see it. Uh. And so the thing that

0:20:22.400 --> 0:20:24.720
<v Speaker 1>he's trying to do, I think is get the tingler

0:20:24.760 --> 0:20:26.679
<v Speaker 1>to puff up and then see what happens if he

0:20:26.800 --> 0:20:30.320
<v Speaker 1>doesn't scream. But he's not able to do it. He's

0:20:30.359 --> 0:20:33.239
<v Speaker 1>so overcome with fear that he has to scream. And

0:20:33.320 --> 0:20:36.440
<v Speaker 1>from this, I think he concludes that it is impossible

0:20:36.800 --> 0:20:39.919
<v Speaker 1>to avoid screaming if the tingler swells up to a

0:20:39.960 --> 0:20:43.560
<v Speaker 1>significant size, And like, screaming is a natural response that

0:20:43.600 --> 0:20:47.760
<v Speaker 1>you can't avoid unless, say, you are incapable of screaming. Ah.

0:20:47.760 --> 0:20:49.959
<v Speaker 1>And that's where we get to our next plot element,

0:20:50.560 --> 0:20:54.679
<v Speaker 1>because meanwhile, theater owner Oliver Higgins has a terrible relationship

0:20:54.680 --> 0:20:58.960
<v Speaker 1>with his wife Martha. Oliver also owns a theater. This

0:20:59.040 --> 0:21:01.840
<v Speaker 1>is the theater that is used later. And I believe

0:21:01.880 --> 0:21:04.760
<v Speaker 1>they just do they just show silent films, that's right, Yeah, yeah,

0:21:05.080 --> 0:21:07.919
<v Speaker 1>they don't. They only do the old movies and the like.

0:21:08.040 --> 0:21:10.600
<v Speaker 1>At one point, there's a there's a long scene towards

0:21:10.600 --> 0:21:13.119
<v Speaker 1>the end where they're just showing an old silent movie.

0:21:13.160 --> 0:21:15.720
<v Speaker 1>That's a real old silent movie. It seems like a

0:21:15.760 --> 0:21:19.840
<v Speaker 1>convenient way to pad the run time. So it's anyway,

0:21:19.880 --> 0:21:22.639
<v Speaker 1>Oliver and Martha they do not get along, and we're

0:21:22.640 --> 0:21:26.360
<v Speaker 1>presenting with a lot of scenes just showing how poorly

0:21:26.480 --> 0:21:30.119
<v Speaker 1>they get along. They're always fighting and uh and we

0:21:30.160 --> 0:21:33.119
<v Speaker 1>also learned that she herself, Martha, is deaf and mute.

0:21:33.720 --> 0:21:35.879
<v Speaker 1>So you can see where this is going now. Having

0:21:35.920 --> 0:21:40.560
<v Speaker 1>heard about the Tingler from his neighbor, uh Vincent Price,

0:21:41.200 --> 0:21:45.280
<v Speaker 1>Higgins plots to scare his wife to death, knowing that

0:21:45.320 --> 0:21:47.800
<v Speaker 1>she will be unable to scream to keep her own

0:21:47.840 --> 0:21:50.680
<v Speaker 1>tingler from killing her. Okay, does that make sense? So

0:21:51.119 --> 0:21:53.920
<v Speaker 1>when you scream because you're scared, that stops the tinkler

0:21:54.040 --> 0:21:56.160
<v Speaker 1>from swelling up to such a size that it breaks

0:21:56.160 --> 0:21:58.720
<v Speaker 1>your spine and kills you. But if you can't scream,

0:21:58.960 --> 0:22:01.040
<v Speaker 1>it will swell up to that size, break your spine

0:22:01.040 --> 0:22:03.280
<v Speaker 1>and kill you. So he just has to terrify his

0:22:03.320 --> 0:22:05.919
<v Speaker 1>wife to death, right, and that's what he he sets

0:22:05.920 --> 0:22:07.840
<v Speaker 1>out to do. He frightens her to death with a

0:22:07.920 --> 0:22:10.880
<v Speaker 1>mix of of stage and what I assume are supposed

0:22:10.880 --> 0:22:16.000
<v Speaker 1>to be actual hallucinations, including an actually really trippy scene

0:22:16.280 --> 0:22:18.720
<v Speaker 1>in this black and white movie in which a hand

0:22:18.840 --> 0:22:22.520
<v Speaker 1>emerges from a red bathtub. Yeah, that's an interesting thing.

0:22:22.600 --> 0:22:26.760
<v Speaker 1>I guess there's another sort of cinematography gimmick of castles

0:22:26.760 --> 0:22:29.160
<v Speaker 1>in a way where the movie is in black and white.

0:22:29.160 --> 0:22:32.480
<v Speaker 1>But there is one scene where where this woman is

0:22:32.520 --> 0:22:36.280
<v Speaker 1>having this horrifying experience where she looks into the bathroom

0:22:36.320 --> 0:22:40.359
<v Speaker 1>and the bathtub is full of red liquid, presumably blood,

0:22:40.359 --> 0:22:43.800
<v Speaker 1>and she has a terrible, terrible fear of seeing blood. Um,

0:22:44.040 --> 0:22:45.639
<v Speaker 1>and so, like, how did they do that? I was

0:22:45.680 --> 0:22:49.199
<v Speaker 1>reading about it. Supposedly what happened is they spliced in

0:22:49.359 --> 0:22:53.240
<v Speaker 1>this one scene that was filmed in color, where everything

0:22:53.280 --> 0:22:55.639
<v Speaker 1>in the scene had to be like painted black and

0:22:55.720 --> 0:22:58.800
<v Speaker 1>white and gray except the bathtub which had the red

0:22:59.320 --> 0:23:02.800
<v Speaker 1>stuff in it. Uh. That that's what's been alleged, But

0:23:03.119 --> 0:23:05.040
<v Speaker 1>I don't know if that's actually true. I guess another

0:23:05.040 --> 0:23:06.960
<v Speaker 1>way it could have been done is just like hand

0:23:07.000 --> 0:23:09.480
<v Speaker 1>coloring of a black and white image. Well, either way,

0:23:09.520 --> 0:23:11.760
<v Speaker 1>the result is impressive. When I saw it for the

0:23:11.800 --> 0:23:14.119
<v Speaker 1>first time in the theater, not expecting it to happen.

0:23:14.240 --> 0:23:18.520
<v Speaker 1>I was legitimately wild by it, because on one hand,

0:23:18.520 --> 0:23:20.880
<v Speaker 1>it's like, oh, she's seeing blood so vividly that it's

0:23:20.920 --> 0:23:23.359
<v Speaker 1>visible in black and white. But also it's like, this

0:23:23.440 --> 0:23:26.840
<v Speaker 1>is a black and white world, and via the this

0:23:26.840 --> 0:23:31.520
<v Speaker 1>this fear hallucination, you're they're actually seeing this color for

0:23:31.560 --> 0:23:35.200
<v Speaker 1>the first time. So she dies and then Chapin performs

0:23:35.200 --> 0:23:40.560
<v Speaker 1>the autopsy and removes the oversized tingler from her spine. Um.

0:23:40.600 --> 0:23:42.840
<v Speaker 1>I guess it's either still swollen from feeding on all

0:23:42.840 --> 0:23:45.679
<v Speaker 1>that delicious fear or just since she could never scream

0:23:45.680 --> 0:23:50.119
<v Speaker 1>her entire life, it was an enlarged specimen. But then

0:23:50.240 --> 0:23:52.600
<v Speaker 1>it escapes and it runs them uck ends up in

0:23:52.600 --> 0:23:54.880
<v Speaker 1>a movie theater. There were I'm skipping ahead, like, there's

0:23:54.880 --> 0:23:57.280
<v Speaker 1>a lot of there's a scene where Vincent Price's character

0:23:57.400 --> 0:24:00.840
<v Speaker 1>is sleeping and it's crawling on it. Well, that this

0:24:00.920 --> 0:24:03.399
<v Speaker 1>is all to do with the conflict, I wonder if

0:24:03.440 --> 0:24:05.840
<v Speaker 1>you might have been conflating a couple of things earlier

0:24:05.880 --> 0:24:08.720
<v Speaker 1>actually when you said that, uh, that Oliver Higgins and

0:24:08.720 --> 0:24:11.240
<v Speaker 1>his wife Martha were always fighting. What what we definitely

0:24:11.240 --> 0:24:13.800
<v Speaker 1>see a lot of is Vincent Price and his own wife.

0:24:15.119 --> 0:24:18.359
<v Speaker 1>That's what I'm getting confused. His wife played by Patricia Cutts,

0:24:18.359 --> 0:24:23.959
<v Speaker 1>who she's she's portrayed as like the scheming heiress who uh,

0:24:24.119 --> 0:24:26.959
<v Speaker 1>she doesn't take her husband seriously because he spends too

0:24:27.040 --> 0:24:29.720
<v Speaker 1>much time working. Rachel and I were talking about it

0:24:29.720 --> 0:24:31.320
<v Speaker 1>and I was like, this is kind of like a

0:24:31.359 --> 0:24:34.680
<v Speaker 1>bore At movie because it's like, it's all about these

0:24:34.680 --> 0:24:37.040
<v Speaker 1>guys who are like my wife and they want to

0:24:37.040 --> 0:24:40.159
<v Speaker 1>get revenge on their wives and end up using the

0:24:40.200 --> 0:24:44.080
<v Speaker 1>Tingler to do so. And it's I cannot express how

0:24:44.160 --> 0:24:47.439
<v Speaker 1>funny it is the way people in this movie keeps

0:24:47.440 --> 0:24:51.359
<v Speaker 1>saying the words the Tingler and dialogue. So like there's

0:24:51.400 --> 0:24:53.720
<v Speaker 1>a part where, you know, one of the characters is

0:24:54.200 --> 0:24:57.439
<v Speaker 1>Oliver Higgins is explaining his plot to murder his own wife,

0:24:57.680 --> 0:25:00.360
<v Speaker 1>and he says something like, I got the idea from

0:25:00.400 --> 0:25:06.679
<v Speaker 1>you about you know the Tingler. Ah. Yeah, it's uh,

0:25:07.400 --> 0:25:09.600
<v Speaker 1>just the the dialogue alone is is wonderful in this

0:25:09.800 --> 0:25:13.439
<v Speaker 1>so at any rate, skipping ahead, the Tingler ns up

0:25:13.480 --> 0:25:15.200
<v Speaker 1>running a monk. It's running a bunk in a movie

0:25:15.240 --> 0:25:19.000
<v Speaker 1>theater um and you know people are or or you know,

0:25:19.000 --> 0:25:21.840
<v Speaker 1>it's vibrating the seats and then people watching it, you know,

0:25:21.840 --> 0:25:25.320
<v Speaker 1>they're having the vibration effect going on as well, ideally

0:25:25.359 --> 0:25:28.880
<v Speaker 1>to heighten the fear. And then Chapin shows up and

0:25:28.920 --> 0:25:32.120
<v Speaker 1>he's telling everybody scream, scream for your life in order

0:25:32.160 --> 0:25:35.359
<v Speaker 1>to subdue the creature, and they are able to subdue it,

0:25:35.560 --> 0:25:39.240
<v Speaker 1>and then Chapin inserts the parasite back into Martha's corpse,

0:25:39.600 --> 0:25:43.320
<v Speaker 1>and then in a confusing and perhaps nonsensical ending, the

0:25:43.440 --> 0:25:46.200
<v Speaker 1>husband winds up locked in a room with the corpse

0:25:46.640 --> 0:25:50.080
<v Speaker 1>and he's experiences this like, you know, crazy hallucinatory fear,

0:25:50.160 --> 0:25:52.960
<v Speaker 1>and her corpse rises up from the table and he's

0:25:53.080 --> 0:25:57.000
<v Speaker 1>so scared he's unable to scream, and we're left to

0:25:57.040 --> 0:26:00.280
<v Speaker 1>presume what that means for him. I was trying to

0:26:00.359 --> 0:26:02.480
<v Speaker 1>understand what was happening at the end of there. It

0:26:02.480 --> 0:26:04.600
<v Speaker 1>didn't make any sense to me. Why was she coming

0:26:04.600 --> 0:26:07.720
<v Speaker 1>back to life? I don't know. Yeah, it's not something

0:26:07.720 --> 0:26:10.919
<v Speaker 1>that has been established with the creature before. It's not

0:26:11.040 --> 0:26:14.560
<v Speaker 1>even suggested that it can animate a corpse. I feel

0:26:14.560 --> 0:26:17.159
<v Speaker 1>like they kind of just work themselves into a corner

0:26:17.200 --> 0:26:19.280
<v Speaker 1>there and they're like, what would be a flashy ending,

0:26:19.320 --> 0:26:22.800
<v Speaker 1>and let's do that. Yeah, I guess so. Um I

0:26:22.800 --> 0:26:24.359
<v Speaker 1>don't know. I mean maybe it's just kind of like

0:26:24.400 --> 0:26:27.160
<v Speaker 1>it's like the ending of Jaws, right, you know, where

0:26:27.280 --> 0:26:30.320
<v Speaker 1>it's like people could complain like, I don't understand, doesn't

0:26:30.359 --> 0:26:32.520
<v Speaker 1>make any sense that the shark has this tank in

0:26:32.600 --> 0:26:35.040
<v Speaker 1>its mouth and that it explodes the shark when it

0:26:35.600 --> 0:26:37.679
<v Speaker 1>and it's just like, you know, at that point in

0:26:37.680 --> 0:26:40.120
<v Speaker 1>the story, you're not worrying about it. It's the finale.

0:26:40.240 --> 0:26:43.000
<v Speaker 1>You're just you're good with whatever. Yeah, it's true, they've

0:26:43.000 --> 0:26:45.280
<v Speaker 1>got you. But but I do think we should just

0:26:45.320 --> 0:26:48.000
<v Speaker 1>take another moment to just think about how wonderfully weird,

0:26:48.080 --> 0:26:51.919
<v Speaker 1>and I argue, incredibly psychedelic. Just the basic concept is,

0:26:52.320 --> 0:26:55.760
<v Speaker 1>I mean, think about some of the perceptions and confrontations

0:26:55.760 --> 0:26:59.520
<v Speaker 1>of fear, the personification and manifestation of various fear as

0:26:59.560 --> 0:27:02.760
<v Speaker 1>you see in psychedelic literature and descriptions of psychedelic experiences.

0:27:03.400 --> 0:27:06.639
<v Speaker 1>And this film is telling you, hey, there, your fear

0:27:06.720 --> 0:27:10.040
<v Speaker 1>is a weird bug monster living inside you. But you

0:27:10.080 --> 0:27:12.520
<v Speaker 1>can fight back against it, you can scream at it,

0:27:12.560 --> 0:27:15.359
<v Speaker 1>you can wrestle with it on the floor. Uh, it

0:27:15.920 --> 0:27:18.960
<v Speaker 1>feels suitably psychedelic in that sense. Well, well, I think

0:27:19.000 --> 0:27:22.520
<v Speaker 1>it's one of those things that is not literally biologically true,

0:27:22.560 --> 0:27:26.720
<v Speaker 1>but may actually be a quite useful metaphor. Yeah, you know,

0:27:26.760 --> 0:27:30.280
<v Speaker 1>I'm reminded of, you know, some of the things that uh, well,

0:27:30.359 --> 0:27:34.080
<v Speaker 1>Terence McKenna has written about talking about, you know, this

0:27:34.200 --> 0:27:37.880
<v Speaker 1>disconnect that humans have with their inner realities and from

0:27:37.920 --> 0:27:42.200
<v Speaker 1>their souls, and how that might tie into psychological experiences

0:27:42.240 --> 0:27:46.240
<v Speaker 1>of UFOs and aliens. He wrote, we are alienated, so

0:27:46.320 --> 0:27:50.200
<v Speaker 1>alienated that the self must disguise itself as an extraterrestrial

0:27:50.480 --> 0:27:52.960
<v Speaker 1>in order not to alarm us with the truly bizarre

0:27:53.000 --> 0:27:57.679
<v Speaker 1>dimensions that it encompasses. So maybe I'm reading too much

0:27:57.680 --> 0:28:00.119
<v Speaker 1>into the Tinkler, But but I I thought about that.

0:28:00.320 --> 0:28:02.359
<v Speaker 1>You are not reading too much into the Tingler. You

0:28:02.359 --> 0:28:05.560
<v Speaker 1>are tingling it just the right frequency. It's actually kind

0:28:05.600 --> 0:28:08.280
<v Speaker 1>of a fun mental exercise to try and imagine, like

0:28:08.600 --> 0:28:11.320
<v Speaker 1>what would the world be like if there were Tingler.

0:28:12.000 --> 0:28:13.840
<v Speaker 1>Let's come back to that. Alright. On that note, we're

0:28:13.840 --> 0:28:15.640
<v Speaker 1>going to take a quick break, but we'll be right back.

0:28:17.880 --> 0:28:22.080
<v Speaker 1>Thank Alright, we're back. So we've been talking about the Tingler,

0:28:22.119 --> 0:28:25.080
<v Speaker 1>and Robert I am to understand that you believe the

0:28:25.119 --> 0:28:28.119
<v Speaker 1>Tingler is based on a real life organism, or at

0:28:28.160 --> 0:28:31.040
<v Speaker 1>least could be. Yeah, I mean to a certain extent.

0:28:31.119 --> 0:28:33.399
<v Speaker 1>It's my understanding based on some of the materials I

0:28:33.440 --> 0:28:36.440
<v Speaker 1>was looking at that it's commonly believed that the basic

0:28:36.600 --> 0:28:41.040
<v Speaker 1>design of the creature is based on a very real organism.

0:28:41.080 --> 0:28:44.440
<v Speaker 1>It's not not an indo parasite or a parasite at all,

0:28:44.760 --> 0:28:47.120
<v Speaker 1>but it is a real life organism known as the

0:28:47.240 --> 0:28:52.800
<v Speaker 1>velvet worm and the velvet worm um. I encourage everyone

0:28:52.840 --> 0:28:55.600
<v Speaker 1>to look up images or footage of this creature. I

0:28:55.600 --> 0:28:59.840
<v Speaker 1>know it is is factored into some recent Attenborough documentaries,

0:29:00.280 --> 0:29:03.080
<v Speaker 1>so there so there is some tremendous footage of these creatures.

0:29:03.080 --> 0:29:05.600
<v Speaker 1>Even though they're they're they're hard to find as as

0:29:05.760 --> 0:29:09.880
<v Speaker 1>we'll discuss here, but there are roughly seventy species of

0:29:10.000 --> 0:29:12.800
<v Speaker 1>velvet worm that are still thriving in the world, and

0:29:12.880 --> 0:29:16.720
<v Speaker 1>you'll only find them in rainforest environments. Again, they're not

0:29:16.760 --> 0:29:21.120
<v Speaker 1>parasites at all, but rather a leaf litter predator that

0:29:21.120 --> 0:29:23.880
<v Speaker 1>that has this wonderful adaptation. So, just to describe it

0:29:23.920 --> 0:29:27.360
<v Speaker 1>real quick, it's this this long looking creature that looks

0:29:27.560 --> 0:29:30.760
<v Speaker 1>kind of like a centipede and looks almost exactly like

0:29:30.840 --> 0:29:33.760
<v Speaker 1>the tingler um has. You know, this pair of a

0:29:33.920 --> 0:29:36.640
<v Speaker 1>long antennae in the front, and as you're watching it

0:29:36.720 --> 0:29:39.719
<v Speaker 1>move around, it is there's this odd feeling that what

0:29:39.760 --> 0:29:43.400
<v Speaker 1>you're looking at is a little bit unlike any other organism,

0:29:43.560 --> 0:29:46.080
<v Speaker 1>Like it kind of looks like a sea slug, but

0:29:46.480 --> 0:29:49.320
<v Speaker 1>it has legs and it is on the ground, So

0:29:49.400 --> 0:29:52.800
<v Speaker 1>what's happening? So uh, it has a number of really

0:29:52.840 --> 0:29:57.400
<v Speaker 1>cool adaptations. For example, Uh, it's rather slow moving, but

0:29:57.480 --> 0:29:59.840
<v Speaker 1>it is a predator and the way that it a

0:30:00.040 --> 0:30:04.480
<v Speaker 1>wires its prey is by shooting fast hardening slime from

0:30:04.480 --> 0:30:08.680
<v Speaker 1>a pair of projections near its mouth. And this fast,

0:30:08.960 --> 0:30:13.120
<v Speaker 1>this like quick hardening slime subdues their prey long enough

0:30:13.440 --> 0:30:17.160
<v Speaker 1>for the worm to to you know, shamble over, crack

0:30:17.240 --> 0:30:21.640
<v Speaker 1>open the prey's shell, inject it's digestive saliva, and then

0:30:21.800 --> 0:30:25.400
<v Speaker 1>suck the slurry of saliva and you know, generally, like

0:30:25.560 --> 0:30:29.640
<v Speaker 1>arthropod guts back out of the out of the slim husk.

0:30:29.760 --> 0:30:32.760
<v Speaker 1>Oh my god, that's awesome. Well, it's kind of like

0:30:33.160 --> 0:30:36.680
<v Speaker 1>some species of arachnid, like the lasso spiders or the

0:30:36.720 --> 0:30:40.400
<v Speaker 1>spitting spiders that will shoot a like some kind of

0:30:40.440 --> 0:30:43.720
<v Speaker 1>projectile web thing at their prey or drop some kind

0:30:43.760 --> 0:30:47.240
<v Speaker 1>of projectile web thing from above, and then they can descend,

0:30:47.320 --> 0:30:49.480
<v Speaker 1>and then of course that they also deal with some

0:30:49.480 --> 0:30:53.120
<v Speaker 1>some vomiting or injecting of digestive juices. Yeah, and and

0:30:53.160 --> 0:30:55.840
<v Speaker 1>this creature can also shoot the slime and self defense

0:30:56.440 --> 0:30:59.320
<v Speaker 1>and the it's a very swift attack, especially coming from

0:30:59.320 --> 0:31:02.959
<v Speaker 1>a creature that's the wise quite slow. The other crazy

0:31:02.960 --> 0:31:05.640
<v Speaker 1>thing about this, uh, this creature is that it's often

0:31:05.680 --> 0:31:09.520
<v Speaker 1>described as being like a halfway point between an earthworm

0:31:09.600 --> 0:31:12.479
<v Speaker 1>and uh and you know, proper insects. So it's not

0:31:12.720 --> 0:31:15.240
<v Speaker 1>a centipede, which you would normally think of as having

0:31:15.480 --> 0:31:19.240
<v Speaker 1>like an exoskeleton, right, yeah, it's it's a stranger creature

0:31:19.280 --> 0:31:22.600
<v Speaker 1>and it's been around for about five hundred million years.

0:31:22.720 --> 0:31:25.840
<v Speaker 1>Oh so this is a Cambrian friend. Yeah, yeah, fossils day,

0:31:25.840 --> 0:31:28.120
<v Speaker 1>back to the Cambrian Age. Their fossils pop up in

0:31:28.160 --> 0:31:31.600
<v Speaker 1>the Burgess Shale in Canada, alright, so that we're talking

0:31:31.640 --> 0:31:34.640
<v Speaker 1>like five d five million years old, and also the

0:31:35.000 --> 0:31:38.920
<v Speaker 1>ching Jiang Formation in China about five twenty million years old,

0:31:38.960 --> 0:31:42.360
<v Speaker 1>so we have fossil evidence of essentially the same creature.

0:31:42.680 --> 0:31:45.720
<v Speaker 1>So wait a minute, that would be uh. I think

0:31:45.760 --> 0:31:48.920
<v Speaker 1>all of those fossil beds are ancient marine fossil beds.

0:31:48.920 --> 0:31:51.360
<v Speaker 1>So would this also be a creature that you would

0:31:51.400 --> 0:31:54.560
<v Speaker 1>find in the water, or would this be like a

0:31:54.640 --> 0:31:57.640
<v Speaker 1>water dwelling version of it, or or do you know

0:31:57.680 --> 0:32:00.600
<v Speaker 1>what's going on there? I'm not entirely sure on that account.

0:32:00.600 --> 0:32:02.480
<v Speaker 1>I mean that the species that are alive today are

0:32:02.520 --> 0:32:08.080
<v Speaker 1>all terrestrial organisms that thrive exclusively in rainforest in environments.

0:32:08.600 --> 0:32:14.120
<v Speaker 1>Um they have waterproof skin, they their legs have retractable claws,

0:32:14.640 --> 0:32:16.960
<v Speaker 1>and they have when it comes down to like how

0:32:16.960 --> 0:32:19.080
<v Speaker 1>many legs they have, it varies like some have as

0:32:19.080 --> 0:32:22.440
<v Speaker 1>few as thirteen pairs of stubby legs, others have as

0:32:22.480 --> 0:32:25.640
<v Speaker 1>many as forty three pairs of stubby legs depending on

0:32:25.680 --> 0:32:29.800
<v Speaker 1>the species. The spigots that it's that it squirts the

0:32:29.840 --> 0:32:33.440
<v Speaker 1>slime out of or essentially modified legs, and then the

0:32:33.480 --> 0:32:37.560
<v Speaker 1>slime legs modified legs like two little modified legs in

0:32:37.560 --> 0:32:40.800
<v Speaker 1>the front that have become slimespigots. But then the glands

0:32:40.960 --> 0:32:44.400
<v Speaker 1>that power those slimes figots, they run the entire length

0:32:44.440 --> 0:32:47.760
<v Speaker 1>of the creature's body and they amount that for about

0:32:47.800 --> 0:32:51.480
<v Speaker 1>ten percent of the creatures overall body mass. So basically

0:32:51.560 --> 0:32:55.840
<v Speaker 1>muscles contract and squeeze it out like fast squirting toothpaste,

0:32:56.120 --> 0:32:59.280
<v Speaker 1>and there's some other just really like weird curios about

0:32:59.280 --> 0:33:03.440
<v Speaker 1>this particular creature. For instance, there's at least one species

0:33:03.440 --> 0:33:06.440
<v Speaker 1>of velvet velvet worm that is social, and it lives

0:33:06.440 --> 0:33:09.520
<v Speaker 1>in groups ruled by a dominant female and they have

0:33:09.560 --> 0:33:14.640
<v Speaker 1>an entire hierarchy, which is just mind boggling. There's another

0:33:14.680 --> 0:33:19.200
<v Speaker 1>species that's apparently all female. The rest use sexual reproduction,

0:33:19.520 --> 0:33:23.400
<v Speaker 1>with the males in one particular genus simply depositing their

0:33:23.400 --> 0:33:27.520
<v Speaker 1>sperm on the female skin, which causes the localized area

0:33:27.520 --> 0:33:29.720
<v Speaker 1>of the skin to break down and permit the sperm

0:33:29.760 --> 0:33:32.160
<v Speaker 1>to pass into the female's body and then swim to

0:33:32.200 --> 0:33:35.120
<v Speaker 1>the ovaries. So it's like a form of like chemical

0:33:35.200 --> 0:33:40.520
<v Speaker 1>traumatic insemination. Yea, some velvet worms lay eggs, but most

0:33:40.560 --> 0:33:43.840
<v Speaker 1>of them give birth to live young weird. So yeah,

0:33:43.840 --> 0:33:47.280
<v Speaker 1>they are. They are strange creatures, like it, really alien

0:33:47.360 --> 0:33:50.600
<v Speaker 1>feeling creatures, as alien, if not more so than the

0:33:50.680 --> 0:33:54.240
<v Speaker 1>tingler itself. Yeah, especially the idea that you have these

0:33:54.280 --> 0:33:58.520
<v Speaker 1>little like a social group of these things. Um. But

0:33:58.520 --> 0:34:00.520
<v Speaker 1>but of course the you know, you get into the

0:34:01.880 --> 0:34:04.680
<v Speaker 1>world of various creepy crowls and you find other weird

0:34:04.680 --> 0:34:07.040
<v Speaker 1>creatives as well. Like I was reading the other day

0:34:07.080 --> 0:34:10.000
<v Speaker 1>that there are some varieties of centipede where you see

0:34:10.040 --> 0:34:15.600
<v Speaker 1>maternal instinct where the the mother centipede will like corral

0:34:15.719 --> 0:34:19.320
<v Speaker 1>the young centipedes and like surround them to protect them.

0:34:19.360 --> 0:34:22.920
<v Speaker 1>So um uh yeah, I mean we shouldn't take just

0:34:22.920 --> 0:34:27.120
<v Speaker 1>because something is you know, seemingly primitive organism, uh and

0:34:27.400 --> 0:34:29.720
<v Speaker 1>uh and kind of icky, we shouldn't take for granted

0:34:29.760 --> 0:34:32.479
<v Speaker 1>the complexity of its life cycle. Yeah. I think, uh,

0:34:32.920 --> 0:34:36.680
<v Speaker 1>A lot of these discoveries undercut the kind of traditional

0:34:37.360 --> 0:34:40.320
<v Speaker 1>top level belief in you know nature, red in tooth

0:34:40.320 --> 0:34:43.200
<v Speaker 1>and claw, where it's just outside of the mammals, it's

0:34:43.239 --> 0:34:45.440
<v Speaker 1>all just killing and struggle and all that. I mean,

0:34:45.640 --> 0:34:48.959
<v Speaker 1>I think the more we learn about not just uh,

0:34:49.000 --> 0:34:52.280
<v Speaker 1>you know, other vertebrates, but even invertebrates, you you start

0:34:52.400 --> 0:34:55.560
<v Speaker 1>to see I mean, of course you will see you know,

0:34:55.640 --> 0:34:58.400
<v Speaker 1>like parents eating their young young eating the parents, but

0:34:58.440 --> 0:35:03.239
<v Speaker 1>you will also see strange, almost mammalian looking parenting instincts

0:35:03.239 --> 0:35:06.600
<v Speaker 1>that you wouldn't expect if you just have this like

0:35:06.680 --> 0:35:10.880
<v Speaker 1>struggle and fighting based view of nature. Absolutely so so

0:35:10.920 --> 0:35:13.719
<v Speaker 1>again the Tingler. Don't watch The Tingler and expect to

0:35:13.840 --> 0:35:18.879
<v Speaker 1>you know, accurate portrayal of velvet worm biology and behavior.

0:35:19.080 --> 0:35:22.400
<v Speaker 1>But roughly speaking, like the creature is based on the

0:35:23.200 --> 0:35:26.520
<v Speaker 1>morphology of a velvet worm. Well, especially because I think,

0:35:26.920 --> 0:35:29.000
<v Speaker 1>don't they say in the movie that the tingler is

0:35:29.040 --> 0:35:32.759
<v Speaker 1>like indestructible, like they can't pierce it with any implements

0:35:32.840 --> 0:35:36.879
<v Speaker 1>or something. I imagine velvet worms are not quite like that.

0:35:36.880 --> 0:35:40.560
<v Speaker 1>They look pretty soft to me. Well, they're certainly not indestructible,

0:35:40.560 --> 0:35:43.120
<v Speaker 1>that's for sure. Uh, And they are you know again,

0:35:43.160 --> 0:35:46.520
<v Speaker 1>they're not parasites. It's really hard to imagine how a

0:35:46.640 --> 0:35:49.920
<v Speaker 1>velvet worm could have U I mean, so certainly we

0:35:49.920 --> 0:35:54.080
<v Speaker 1>see creatures that you know, take on a parasitic relationship

0:35:54.280 --> 0:35:57.200
<v Speaker 1>over the course of evolutionary history, but it's hard to

0:35:57.239 --> 0:35:59.520
<v Speaker 1>imagine how a velvet worm would carry this off. You know,

0:35:59.640 --> 0:36:03.719
<v Speaker 1>like velvet worms start hanging out on people's necks or

0:36:03.800 --> 0:36:06.839
<v Speaker 1>on you know, you know, pre human harmited necks, and

0:36:06.960 --> 0:36:10.000
<v Speaker 1>it just kind of evolves from there. I don't think

0:36:10.040 --> 0:36:12.960
<v Speaker 1>it really makes a lot of sense. Well I do think, well, okay,

0:36:13.000 --> 0:36:15.440
<v Speaker 1>so let's follow up on that then, because I think

0:36:15.480 --> 0:36:18.759
<v Speaker 1>maybe we should talk about the idea of fear and

0:36:18.840 --> 0:36:22.200
<v Speaker 1>the indo symbion. So there's, uh, the premise of the Tingler.

0:36:22.239 --> 0:36:24.640
<v Speaker 1>I guess is that we've got this um, this indo

0:36:24.680 --> 0:36:28.080
<v Speaker 1>symbion living inside us. And I don't think it's ever

0:36:28.120 --> 0:36:31.400
<v Speaker 1>said explicitly, but I get the impression that it's that

0:36:31.760 --> 0:36:35.080
<v Speaker 1>this thing has evolved with us and has passed down

0:36:35.160 --> 0:36:38.160
<v Speaker 1>from parents to offspring, since there's like no indication that

0:36:38.160 --> 0:36:41.000
<v Speaker 1>people have to get exposed and infected at some point

0:36:41.080 --> 0:36:43.239
<v Speaker 1>in their lives. Did you get the same impression, right,

0:36:43.280 --> 0:36:46.840
<v Speaker 1>it's it's it seems to be implied that it's just ubiquitous,

0:36:46.960 --> 0:36:49.520
<v Speaker 1>like you're not going to find communities of humans that

0:36:49.560 --> 0:36:51.799
<v Speaker 1>do not have a Tingler, right, And so this kind

0:36:51.840 --> 0:36:57.120
<v Speaker 1>of like cross generational inheritance of the indo symbion Tingler

0:36:57.520 --> 0:37:01.959
<v Speaker 1>is what we would call vertical transmission parent parent offspring transmission.

0:37:02.320 --> 0:37:04.839
<v Speaker 1>Now it turns out that, of course, humans do have

0:37:05.000 --> 0:37:09.000
<v Speaker 1>plenty of other organisms living in and on us which

0:37:09.040 --> 0:37:13.960
<v Speaker 1>apparently have evolved with us and are vertically transmitted across generations.

0:37:14.680 --> 0:37:20.040
<v Speaker 1>One very ancient, deep and fundamental example is the mitochondria

0:37:20.280 --> 0:37:23.680
<v Speaker 1>inside the cells in our body. So of course the

0:37:23.760 --> 0:37:28.120
<v Speaker 1>mitochondrian is this organelle that's found inside the cells of

0:37:28.239 --> 0:37:31.960
<v Speaker 1>eukaryotic organisms, meaning organisms with a cell nucleus, and that

0:37:32.000 --> 0:37:36.560
<v Speaker 1>of course includes us and the mitochondria do important work

0:37:36.640 --> 0:37:40.480
<v Speaker 1>to help supply the host cells with energy. They generate

0:37:40.520 --> 0:37:43.560
<v Speaker 1>a dinzine triphosphate or a t P, which is a

0:37:43.600 --> 0:37:47.279
<v Speaker 1>molecule that carries chemical energy around inside the cells and

0:37:47.360 --> 0:37:52.320
<v Speaker 1>inside the body. But there are very weird things about mitochondria,

0:37:52.440 --> 0:37:55.080
<v Speaker 1>so that they are these little organelles inside our cells.

0:37:55.400 --> 0:37:57.799
<v Speaker 1>But one example of a weird fact about them is

0:37:57.840 --> 0:38:02.719
<v Speaker 1>that mitochondria have their own DNA. So inside a cell

0:38:02.760 --> 0:38:05.480
<v Speaker 1>in your body, you've got your cell nucleus, which is

0:38:05.520 --> 0:38:09.000
<v Speaker 1>where you find your own primary genome, the genetic code

0:38:09.040 --> 0:38:12.240
<v Speaker 1>that builds your body. But then there are these other

0:38:12.440 --> 0:38:17.880
<v Speaker 1>little things inside our cells that have their own separate genome.

0:38:18.640 --> 0:38:21.000
<v Speaker 1>And the really weird thing is when you examine that

0:38:21.200 --> 0:38:25.720
<v Speaker 1>separate mitochondrial genome inside our cells, it looks an awful

0:38:25.840 --> 0:38:29.640
<v Speaker 1>lot like the genome of a bacterium. Now why would

0:38:29.640 --> 0:38:32.600
<v Speaker 1>that be, Well, the prevailing theory about the origin of

0:38:32.640 --> 0:38:36.400
<v Speaker 1>mitochondria is maybe even weirder than the Tingler. It is

0:38:36.480 --> 0:38:42.080
<v Speaker 1>that long long ago, a bacterium was somehow captured inside

0:38:42.120 --> 0:38:44.880
<v Speaker 1>an early eukaryotic cell, meaning, of course, a cell with

0:38:44.920 --> 0:38:48.440
<v Speaker 1>the nucleus, and instead of dying or just getting resorbed

0:38:48.520 --> 0:38:52.560
<v Speaker 1>or whatever, the bacterium lived and became a part of

0:38:52.600 --> 0:38:56.359
<v Speaker 1>the cell that captured it, reproducing along with it and

0:38:56.400 --> 0:38:59.920
<v Speaker 1>its descendants evolving along with the descendants of the cat

0:39:00.080 --> 0:39:02.880
<v Speaker 1>sure cell. So that now what was once a free

0:39:02.920 --> 0:39:07.040
<v Speaker 1>floating bacterium that was completely unrelated to us is a

0:39:07.080 --> 0:39:09.759
<v Speaker 1>fundamental part of the cells in our body. It's a

0:39:09.760 --> 0:39:12.719
<v Speaker 1>crucial element in what our cells do. So in this

0:39:12.920 --> 0:39:15.560
<v Speaker 1>the the human tingular relationship, you could really look at

0:39:15.600 --> 0:39:18.319
<v Speaker 1>it is kind of like this oversize maybe like you

0:39:18.360 --> 0:39:24.360
<v Speaker 1>know cartoonified, uh, you know, illustration of something that that

0:39:24.600 --> 0:39:27.319
<v Speaker 1>has actually occurred. Yeah, I mean, and occurs all the

0:39:27.360 --> 0:39:30.960
<v Speaker 1>time in nature. One organism just sort of becomes a

0:39:31.120 --> 0:39:35.880
<v Speaker 1>part of another organism's lineage history over time and becomes

0:39:35.880 --> 0:39:38.600
<v Speaker 1>a part of their evolutionary story. And this theory on

0:39:38.640 --> 0:39:42.400
<v Speaker 1>the origin of of mitochondria is known as the indosymbiosis theory.

0:39:42.400 --> 0:39:45.120
<v Speaker 1>It's also a leading theory about the origins of other

0:39:45.239 --> 0:39:50.520
<v Speaker 1>things like chloroplasts in photosynthetic life forms like plants um.

0:39:50.560 --> 0:39:53.920
<v Speaker 1>But of course it doesn't stop with the little things

0:39:54.000 --> 0:39:58.319
<v Speaker 1>inside ourselves. We've got other organisms living and evolving with

0:39:58.520 --> 0:40:02.040
<v Speaker 1>us of all sorts. It's not necessarily co evolved inside

0:40:02.040 --> 0:40:05.080
<v Speaker 1>our cells, but definitely in and on our bodies. And

0:40:05.239 --> 0:40:09.160
<v Speaker 1>this the primary example, of course, would be the human microbiome,

0:40:09.360 --> 0:40:13.520
<v Speaker 1>the sum total of micro organisms that inhabit the environment

0:40:13.680 --> 0:40:15.799
<v Speaker 1>of your body. This can be hard to fathom, but

0:40:15.880 --> 0:40:19.120
<v Speaker 1>your body is likely home to so many microbes that

0:40:19.320 --> 0:40:23.799
<v Speaker 1>your cells with your DNA are outnumbered ten to one.

0:40:24.520 --> 0:40:26.600
<v Speaker 1>Now what I'm about to say wouldn't apply in terms

0:40:26.600 --> 0:40:29.600
<v Speaker 1>of mass or volume, but just in terms of sheer

0:40:29.680 --> 0:40:32.880
<v Speaker 1>numbers of cells. You are only ten per cent of

0:40:32.960 --> 0:40:36.480
<v Speaker 1>your own body. The other nine of the cells that

0:40:36.560 --> 0:40:39.960
<v Speaker 1>are in you and on you are bacterial cells that

0:40:40.000 --> 0:40:42.959
<v Speaker 1>are of course smaller than mammal cells. And of course,

0:40:43.080 --> 0:40:46.560
<v Speaker 1>like the Tinkler, there's evidence that our microbiome is transmitted

0:40:46.600 --> 0:40:50.320
<v Speaker 1>not only horizontally, meaning you know, through exposure to microbes

0:40:50.320 --> 0:40:54.160
<v Speaker 1>in the environment, but also vertically passing directly from mother

0:40:54.200 --> 0:40:56.879
<v Speaker 1>to offspring. And we can see this because babies tend

0:40:56.960 --> 0:40:59.720
<v Speaker 1>to often pick up the same strains of bacteria found

0:40:59.760 --> 0:41:02.600
<v Speaker 1>in there but in their mothers. And I think one

0:41:02.680 --> 0:41:06.399
<v Speaker 1>of the most fascinating things we've learned in microbiology and

0:41:06.600 --> 0:41:08.920
<v Speaker 1>human medical science over the past few decades is how

0:41:09.040 --> 0:41:13.879
<v Speaker 1>deeply bound up each individual human microbiome is with that

0:41:14.040 --> 0:41:18.400
<v Speaker 1>person's health and physiology, and even with their psychology, with

0:41:18.480 --> 0:41:21.279
<v Speaker 1>what's happening in their brain. And here's where I would

0:41:21.360 --> 0:41:24.480
<v Speaker 1>argue that if the tingler is a co evolved indosymbiotic

0:41:24.560 --> 0:41:28.799
<v Speaker 1>organism living inside our bodies for generations and influencing our

0:41:28.840 --> 0:41:31.719
<v Speaker 1>fear and anxiety, we sort of do have a tinkler,

0:41:32.040 --> 0:41:34.600
<v Speaker 1>at least a collective tinkler, and it appears to be

0:41:34.680 --> 0:41:37.800
<v Speaker 1>your gut flora, the microbes living in your digestive tract.

0:41:38.080 --> 0:41:40.960
<v Speaker 1>It's been established in plenty of studies by now that

0:41:41.000 --> 0:41:44.719
<v Speaker 1>there are relationships between what's happening in the gut flora

0:41:44.800 --> 0:41:50.120
<v Speaker 1>and human behavior and including things like depression and anxiety. Uh.

0:41:50.160 --> 0:41:53.680
<v Speaker 1>And so does that relationship extend to the direct regulation

0:41:53.760 --> 0:41:56.440
<v Speaker 1>of like the immediate fear response like it does in

0:41:56.520 --> 0:41:59.000
<v Speaker 1>the tingler you know you're getting freaked out about something

0:41:59.040 --> 0:42:02.520
<v Speaker 1>scary you encounter or in your environment. It appears likely yes.

0:42:03.080 --> 0:42:05.120
<v Speaker 1>So I want to look at a recent study from

0:42:06.560 --> 0:42:11.520
<v Speaker 1>by Alani hoban at All published in Molecular Psychiatry called

0:42:11.600 --> 0:42:15.680
<v Speaker 1>the microbiome regulates a migdala dependent fear recall. And the

0:42:15.719 --> 0:42:19.320
<v Speaker 1>basic gest here is that normally mice can be conditioned

0:42:19.320 --> 0:42:22.040
<v Speaker 1>to exhibit a fear reaction, and this usually consists of

0:42:22.120 --> 0:42:25.120
<v Speaker 1>freezing in place when they hear a sound that they

0:42:25.160 --> 0:42:27.920
<v Speaker 1>have come to associate with something scary or bad. You know.

0:42:28.000 --> 0:42:31.279
<v Speaker 1>So there's like a tone that mice gets scared of,

0:42:31.320 --> 0:42:33.440
<v Speaker 1>and when they hear the tone, they freeze in place.

0:42:34.040 --> 0:42:37.880
<v Speaker 1>And the study found that germ free mice, meaning mice

0:42:37.960 --> 0:42:42.480
<v Speaker 1>that are depleted of their internal microbiota, do not show

0:42:42.800 --> 0:42:46.400
<v Speaker 1>fear responses the way normal mice do. They appear to

0:42:46.440 --> 0:42:49.480
<v Speaker 1>have a reduced stability to learn to be afraid of

0:42:49.520 --> 0:42:53.799
<v Speaker 1>things and have the fear response. And weirdly, once these

0:42:53.880 --> 0:42:58.280
<v Speaker 1>germ free mice are exposed to environmental microbes and become

0:42:58.320 --> 0:43:01.160
<v Speaker 1>infested with all the normal kind of bacteria that make

0:43:01.200 --> 0:43:05.640
<v Speaker 1>a home inside mice guts, the same mice suddenly do

0:43:05.840 --> 0:43:09.920
<v Speaker 1>have a fear response again, and the researchers believe that

0:43:09.920 --> 0:43:12.840
<v Speaker 1>their studies shows that at least in mice, the gut

0:43:12.880 --> 0:43:16.600
<v Speaker 1>flora somehow exert control over the amygdala, which is a

0:43:16.640 --> 0:43:19.239
<v Speaker 1>region in the brain that appears to be crucial for

0:43:19.320 --> 0:43:23.439
<v Speaker 1>generating fear in response to frightening stimuli. Now, of course

0:43:23.520 --> 0:43:25.880
<v Speaker 1>we don't know if this would translate perfectly to humans.

0:43:25.920 --> 0:43:27.719
<v Speaker 1>This is just a study in mice, but there's a

0:43:27.719 --> 0:43:30.799
<v Speaker 1>decent chance I think that the same is true for us.

0:43:31.120 --> 0:43:34.080
<v Speaker 1>And if this is true for humans, can you imagine, like,

0:43:34.880 --> 0:43:38.600
<v Speaker 1>what if a fecal transplant, which is that is what

0:43:38.640 --> 0:43:42.680
<v Speaker 1>it sounds like, um or some other method of manipulating

0:43:42.680 --> 0:43:48.040
<v Speaker 1>gut flora could trigger fundamental changes in our propensity for anxiety,

0:43:48.120 --> 0:43:52.680
<v Speaker 1>or our phobias, or even our fundamental personality. The haunted

0:43:52.719 --> 0:43:56.480
<v Speaker 1>fecal transplant sounds like a potential gimmick for a future

0:43:56.480 --> 0:43:59.000
<v Speaker 1>horror film. I mean, how crazy is that? Like that

0:43:59.040 --> 0:44:03.400
<v Speaker 1>that we were full of bacteria and in other microbes

0:44:03.840 --> 0:44:07.360
<v Speaker 1>that are controlling our brains in a way. It doesn't

0:44:07.480 --> 0:44:11.239
<v Speaker 1>feel like that, but it does very much appear to

0:44:11.280 --> 0:44:13.560
<v Speaker 1>be true. Yeah, I feel like this is one of

0:44:13.560 --> 0:44:16.320
<v Speaker 1>those things that certainly, over the course of the show,

0:44:17.200 --> 0:44:19.279
<v Speaker 1>here is stuff to blow your mind. You know, we

0:44:19.400 --> 0:44:23.239
<v Speaker 1>just have looked at a case after case where show

0:44:23.360 --> 0:44:27.680
<v Speaker 1>where we're exploring just the power of the microbiome, you know,

0:44:27.800 --> 0:44:31.200
<v Speaker 1>and it's and it's it's integration with with the mind

0:44:31.280 --> 0:44:35.840
<v Speaker 1>and when what we think of when we think of ourselves. Yes, exactly,

0:44:36.120 --> 0:44:39.360
<v Speaker 1>these bacteria in us and on us aren't just in

0:44:39.680 --> 0:44:43.560
<v Speaker 1>us and on us. They are us and we are them. Uh.

0:44:43.920 --> 0:44:46.239
<v Speaker 1>The most fundamental thing, I mean, the only way that

0:44:46.239 --> 0:44:48.719
<v Speaker 1>you would really say that they're not us is that

0:44:48.800 --> 0:44:51.520
<v Speaker 1>they have different d NA than we do. But like

0:44:51.680 --> 0:44:54.759
<v Speaker 1>they share the same body space, they're involved in the

0:44:54.800 --> 0:44:58.960
<v Speaker 1>same generation of behaviors as our brain cells are. So yeah,

0:44:59.080 --> 0:45:06.200
<v Speaker 1>so basically we am legion to take him. Yeah, amazing, Like,

0:45:06.320 --> 0:45:10.319
<v Speaker 1>how much of your idea of yourself, your your legion personality,

0:45:10.400 --> 0:45:13.799
<v Speaker 1>your legion identity is a result of effects generated by

0:45:13.880 --> 0:45:18.680
<v Speaker 1>the ecosystem of non human organisms living in your digestive system.

0:45:18.719 --> 0:45:21.680
<v Speaker 1>I positive that this is actually much weirder than having

0:45:21.719 --> 0:45:24.799
<v Speaker 1>a tingler on your spine. I always anytime I think

0:45:24.840 --> 0:45:27.160
<v Speaker 1>about all this, though, I always come back to the

0:45:27.160 --> 0:45:32.319
<v Speaker 1>future episode where Fry eats a tuna sandwich that he

0:45:32.320 --> 0:45:35.560
<v Speaker 1>buys out of a machine in a men's room and

0:45:35.680 --> 0:45:39.120
<v Speaker 1>it causes this. Uh, They're like these little intestinal worms

0:45:39.760 --> 0:45:43.040
<v Speaker 1>to build a colony inside him and like build little cities,

0:45:43.760 --> 0:45:46.120
<v Speaker 1>and and then they start fixing him and they make

0:45:46.200 --> 0:45:49.239
<v Speaker 1>him smarter and so it's essentially like it. It has, Uh,

0:45:49.440 --> 0:45:52.000
<v Speaker 1>there's an inner space aspect to the episode as well

0:45:52.000 --> 0:45:54.600
<v Speaker 1>as the Flowers for Algernon aspect to it. And it's

0:45:54.600 --> 0:45:57.880
<v Speaker 1>a great episode overall and very funny. But but what

0:45:57.920 --> 0:46:00.200
<v Speaker 1>they're portraying in a sci fi sense and an an

0:46:00.200 --> 0:46:05.000
<v Speaker 1>exaggerated cartoony away is essentially some of what's going on. Yeah,

0:46:05.040 --> 0:46:07.360
<v Speaker 1>we're we're full of these legions of life that in

0:46:07.440 --> 0:46:11.759
<v Speaker 1>many senses control us and or at least exert influence

0:46:11.800 --> 0:46:14.879
<v Speaker 1>over us, and in some ways really truly are us.

0:46:15.480 --> 0:46:17.360
<v Speaker 1>All Right, well, maybe we should take another break, and

0:46:17.360 --> 0:46:19.560
<v Speaker 1>then after we come back we can talk a bit

0:46:19.600 --> 0:46:26.200
<v Speaker 1>more about fear and the scream. Thank thank thank Alright,

0:46:26.200 --> 0:46:29.120
<v Speaker 1>we're back. Say what you will about The Tanler, love

0:46:29.160 --> 0:46:32.280
<v Speaker 1>it or hate it, but it has some tremendous screams

0:46:32.320 --> 0:46:35.640
<v Speaker 1>in it. Absolutely, Yeah, And Robert, there was one thing

0:46:35.719 --> 0:46:38.480
<v Speaker 1>we were talking about the day after I first watched

0:46:38.520 --> 0:46:41.480
<v Speaker 1>The Tingler. I came in the morning and when we

0:46:41.480 --> 0:46:46.880
<v Speaker 1>were discussing the quality of screams in movies, and I

0:46:47.280 --> 0:46:49.879
<v Speaker 1>had this reaction to a part of the movie. So

0:46:50.640 --> 0:46:55.440
<v Speaker 1>my question is, why do some screams feel so much

0:46:55.520 --> 0:46:59.080
<v Speaker 1>more disturbing than others when you hear them, Like there's

0:46:59.120 --> 0:47:02.279
<v Speaker 1>one screaming session at the beginning of The Tingler that

0:47:02.360 --> 0:47:04.680
<v Speaker 1>felt like something that was not out of a nineteen

0:47:04.760 --> 0:47:07.560
<v Speaker 1>fifties movie. It felt more like the Texas Chainsaw Masks

0:47:07.960 --> 0:47:12.960
<v Speaker 1>with some great screaming in that film. Courtesy of Maryland Burns. Yeah,

0:47:13.000 --> 0:47:15.920
<v Speaker 1>but it's just like the pure sonic quality. I mean,

0:47:15.960 --> 0:47:17.799
<v Speaker 1>it was nothing about what was happening on screen. It's

0:47:17.880 --> 0:47:23.440
<v Speaker 1>just the sound of it felt extremely disturbing and almost unbearable.

0:47:23.520 --> 0:47:27.560
<v Speaker 1>It had this weird, kind of forbidden or pornographic quality

0:47:27.600 --> 0:47:30.560
<v Speaker 1>to it. And this is purely to do with what

0:47:30.640 --> 0:47:34.320
<v Speaker 1>it sounded like, the auditory qualities and nothing else. Most

0:47:34.440 --> 0:47:37.960
<v Speaker 1>movie screams, especially from the horror movies of the nineteen fifties,

0:47:38.400 --> 0:47:41.800
<v Speaker 1>feel kind of sanitary. They're kind of stagy and clean.

0:47:42.920 --> 0:47:45.320
<v Speaker 1>But this scream at the beginning of The Tingler feels

0:47:45.440 --> 0:47:48.920
<v Speaker 1>wrong and you wanted to stop. And the only reason

0:47:48.960 --> 0:47:51.800
<v Speaker 1>I could really identify was that something about it sounded.

0:47:51.840 --> 0:47:54.799
<v Speaker 1>The word that came to my mind was ragged. Yeah,

0:47:55.080 --> 0:47:57.399
<v Speaker 1>do you know what I'm talking about? Yeah? Absolutely, this Yeah,

0:47:57.400 --> 0:48:01.640
<v Speaker 1>this kind of like ragged like screaming. No, you know,

0:48:01.800 --> 0:48:05.279
<v Speaker 1>no intention of retaining your voice for the next set

0:48:05.280 --> 0:48:09.000
<v Speaker 1>of takes um and you do. And when you do

0:48:09.080 --> 0:48:11.920
<v Speaker 1>encounter it in a film, it it does just add

0:48:12.080 --> 0:48:16.279
<v Speaker 1>to the the intensity of the horror um And you know,

0:48:16.320 --> 0:48:18.680
<v Speaker 1>only a few films really come to mind. I instantly

0:48:18.680 --> 0:48:21.640
<v Speaker 1>think of Texas Chainsaw Mascre. I think of House by

0:48:21.680 --> 0:48:24.919
<v Speaker 1>the Cemetery, in which you have a small child disturbingly enough,

0:48:24.920 --> 0:48:28.320
<v Speaker 1>who is screaming its head off in a similar fashion

0:48:28.320 --> 0:48:31.239
<v Speaker 1>where it has this raw intensity. Yeah, and it's it's

0:48:31.280 --> 0:48:35.560
<v Speaker 1>like a I was honestly shocked by how disturbing it

0:48:35.600 --> 0:48:38.120
<v Speaker 1>sounds just to hear a scream like that that, like,

0:48:38.320 --> 0:48:41.279
<v Speaker 1>even with no context at all, because no story is

0:48:41.320 --> 0:48:43.239
<v Speaker 1>happening at this point in the movie. There's just like

0:48:43.800 --> 0:48:46.040
<v Speaker 1>just before it starts, they're just like, we'll throw some

0:48:46.120 --> 0:48:49.360
<v Speaker 1>screams at you. And it really, it really like hurt

0:48:49.560 --> 0:48:53.000
<v Speaker 1>to listen to. And so I was thinking about that, like, Wow,

0:48:53.040 --> 0:48:55.879
<v Speaker 1>what's going on with that scream? And well, one read

0:48:55.920 --> 0:48:58.600
<v Speaker 1>could be Joe that it's causing your tingler to relax,

0:48:59.120 --> 0:49:02.400
<v Speaker 1>and uh, I like my tingler inflated. Oh my goodness,

0:49:02.400 --> 0:49:04.080
<v Speaker 1>what if what if this were the case? What if

0:49:04.480 --> 0:49:08.160
<v Speaker 1>what if the Tingler does not relax does not react

0:49:08.239 --> 0:49:10.600
<v Speaker 1>at all to fake screams. It has to be like

0:49:10.640 --> 0:49:15.120
<v Speaker 1>a significantly believable scream. And therefore, like a lot of

0:49:15.160 --> 0:49:19.520
<v Speaker 1>our horror movie viewing is ultimately pointless because you're no

0:49:19.680 --> 0:49:22.319
<v Speaker 1>good Catharsis to it, Like, it's not actually going to

0:49:22.360 --> 0:49:25.840
<v Speaker 1>relax the Tingler that is that is slowly um, you know,

0:49:25.920 --> 0:49:28.399
<v Speaker 1>exerting this death grip on our spine. Yeah, it's one

0:49:28.440 --> 0:49:32.240
<v Speaker 1>of those smooth, polished, stagey screams that just does nothing

0:49:32.320 --> 0:49:34.680
<v Speaker 1>for your Tingler. Yeah, but I can set around all

0:49:34.719 --> 0:49:38.960
<v Speaker 1>day and discuss the ramifications of if the Tingler was real. Uh,

0:49:39.600 --> 0:49:42.000
<v Speaker 1>let's get back to just the nature of screams in

0:49:42.080 --> 0:49:44.880
<v Speaker 1>our reality. Okay, Well, I've got that question, So we

0:49:44.880 --> 0:49:47.000
<v Speaker 1>can table that for a second about like what is

0:49:47.000 --> 0:49:49.800
<v Speaker 1>it about the sonic qualities of that scream that felt

0:49:49.840 --> 0:49:52.920
<v Speaker 1>so different than most movie screams, especially at that period.

0:49:53.280 --> 0:49:55.600
<v Speaker 1>The other thing is just the question of like why

0:49:55.640 --> 0:49:58.480
<v Speaker 1>do we scream? Is there a biological answer of what's

0:49:58.480 --> 0:50:02.640
<v Speaker 1>going on? The The second question I think is is

0:50:02.680 --> 0:50:05.919
<v Speaker 1>not a super complicated one, Like the leading theories about

0:50:05.920 --> 0:50:08.640
<v Speaker 1>why we scream are just not very surprising, right, Uh.

0:50:08.719 --> 0:50:12.200
<v Speaker 1>Screaming in response to fear is most likely some kind

0:50:12.239 --> 0:50:15.840
<v Speaker 1>of instinctual alarm call. When you see something dangerous, you

0:50:15.920 --> 0:50:19.279
<v Speaker 1>kind of scream automatically, and this serves the purpose of

0:50:19.320 --> 0:50:22.480
<v Speaker 1>communicating the threat to others because we're social animals, right,

0:50:22.520 --> 0:50:25.160
<v Speaker 1>and we see animals that do this to communicate with

0:50:25.239 --> 0:50:27.239
<v Speaker 1>members of their own species. We see animals that do

0:50:27.320 --> 0:50:31.040
<v Speaker 1>this seemingly to communicate with with other species as well. Yeah, totally,

0:50:31.440 --> 0:50:34.560
<v Speaker 1>And this could serve several different biological functions, maybe all

0:50:34.600 --> 0:50:37.000
<v Speaker 1>at the same time. They're not mutually exclusive. One is

0:50:37.000 --> 0:50:42.000
<v Speaker 1>to immediately request help, you know, like I need air support. Uh,

0:50:41.800 --> 0:50:44.560
<v Speaker 1>You scream to request help from friends and kin and

0:50:44.600 --> 0:50:47.880
<v Speaker 1>other protectors or even other types of animals in your environment,

0:50:48.160 --> 0:50:52.240
<v Speaker 1>especially help from adults. If the scream comes from a child,

0:50:52.320 --> 0:50:54.960
<v Speaker 1>I think that's like a very specific kind of thing,

0:50:55.040 --> 0:50:57.600
<v Speaker 1>like you know, you hear your kids scream, and there's

0:50:57.640 --> 0:51:01.480
<v Speaker 1>like this automatic, powerful and mediate response. Yeah, And that's

0:51:01.520 --> 0:51:05.240
<v Speaker 1>another reason why House by the Cemetery Lucio Foolsey's film

0:51:05.320 --> 0:51:09.680
<v Speaker 1>is probably so disturbing, because you're getting this very authentic

0:51:09.840 --> 0:51:12.480
<v Speaker 1>scream from a young child, and there's also the sense

0:51:12.520 --> 0:51:16.479
<v Speaker 1>that they just terrified a young child. Yeah, I mean yeah,

0:51:16.760 --> 0:51:20.960
<v Speaker 1>that's it's especially bad because they sound actually scared. Um.

0:51:21.280 --> 0:51:25.080
<v Speaker 1>But a couple of other possible biological functions the scream serves,

0:51:25.120 --> 0:51:28.240
<v Speaker 1>again not mutually exclusive. Another one is to maybe worn

0:51:28.400 --> 0:51:31.719
<v Speaker 1>nearby can of danger, reducing their own risks. So you

0:51:31.760 --> 0:51:34.480
<v Speaker 1>share some genes with them, you scream, and that warns

0:51:34.520 --> 0:51:36.960
<v Speaker 1>them of danger. They're also in reduced danger because now

0:51:36.960 --> 0:51:39.279
<v Speaker 1>they're on alert. Right. So if I wandered away from

0:51:39.320 --> 0:51:42.080
<v Speaker 1>the rest of the tribe and a large predator jumped

0:51:42.120 --> 0:51:44.440
<v Speaker 1>out at me, well I got that one good scream

0:51:44.480 --> 0:51:47.839
<v Speaker 1>in so I may be toast, but at least there's

0:51:47.880 --> 0:51:51.120
<v Speaker 1>a shot of the rest of my people hearing my

0:51:51.440 --> 0:51:55.160
<v Speaker 1>death cry and reacting to save their own skin. Yeah.

0:51:55.239 --> 0:51:59.480
<v Speaker 1>And then another perhaps secondary maybe possibly in some cases

0:51:59.520 --> 0:52:02.480
<v Speaker 1>this is what's going on, could be defensive. Some predators

0:52:02.560 --> 0:52:05.160
<v Speaker 1>or threats might be frightened or held at bay by

0:52:05.200 --> 0:52:08.000
<v Speaker 1>a sudden, very loud noise. Yeah, I mean, yeah, this

0:52:08.040 --> 0:52:11.120
<v Speaker 1>is this is true. I mean you one of the

0:52:11.440 --> 0:52:14.239
<v Speaker 1>things that is advised and encountering, say a bear in

0:52:14.239 --> 0:52:17.120
<v Speaker 1>the wild, is to be loud, to make a lot

0:52:17.120 --> 0:52:20.239
<v Speaker 1>of noise exactly. Yeah. But but there are also some

0:52:20.320 --> 0:52:23.120
<v Speaker 1>interesting finds. So so like the question about why we

0:52:23.200 --> 0:52:25.840
<v Speaker 1>scream biologically, that doesn't seem like a big mystery, that

0:52:25.920 --> 0:52:29.560
<v Speaker 1>that seems like one of those pretty straightforward evolutionary stories,

0:52:29.640 --> 0:52:31.560
<v Speaker 1>is at least as far as we know. But there

0:52:31.560 --> 0:52:34.880
<v Speaker 1>are some very interesting scientific findings about what happens in

0:52:34.920 --> 0:52:38.200
<v Speaker 1>our brain when we hear a scream. And so I

0:52:38.239 --> 0:52:41.239
<v Speaker 1>was reading about a study by by Luke h rn

0:52:41.320 --> 0:52:45.480
<v Speaker 1>All at All in Current Biology and called human screams

0:52:45.480 --> 0:52:49.799
<v Speaker 1>occupy a privileged niche in the communication soundscape. And so

0:52:49.880 --> 0:52:52.240
<v Speaker 1>essentially what the authors here found is that the brain

0:52:52.400 --> 0:52:56.759
<v Speaker 1>has a different, dedicated pathway for processing screams, and this

0:52:56.840 --> 0:52:59.839
<v Speaker 1>pathway is sort of separate from the way it processes

0:53:00.040 --> 0:53:05.000
<v Speaker 1>other sounds and other types of auditory communication between people. Uh.

0:53:05.040 --> 0:53:07.480
<v Speaker 1>And so they did some brain imaging and it revealed

0:53:07.520 --> 0:53:10.920
<v Speaker 1>that most of the time, incoming audio is perceived by

0:53:10.960 --> 0:53:13.560
<v Speaker 1>the ear, of course, and leads to activity in the

0:53:13.960 --> 0:53:17.680
<v Speaker 1>standard auditory processing centers. But screams, on the other hand,

0:53:18.360 --> 0:53:22.239
<v Speaker 1>are heard and then they sort of bypass normal auditory

0:53:22.320 --> 0:53:27.440
<v Speaker 1>processing and instead trigger pretty much immediate activation in the amygdala,

0:53:27.800 --> 0:53:30.000
<v Speaker 1>a region of the brain that of course is very

0:53:30.040 --> 0:53:33.320
<v Speaker 1>important for generating the fear response. Now, the brain seems

0:53:33.360 --> 0:53:37.839
<v Speaker 1>to immediately recognize screams as signaling something threatening, and then

0:53:37.880 --> 0:53:40.279
<v Speaker 1>it responds accordingly. It's kind of like it's like a

0:53:40.320 --> 0:53:42.319
<v Speaker 1>short cut in there. You don't need to figure out

0:53:42.360 --> 0:53:44.840
<v Speaker 1>what's going on. As soon as you hear the scream,

0:53:45.120 --> 0:53:47.920
<v Speaker 1>the fear that you know, the the alarm state, wells

0:53:48.000 --> 0:53:50.919
<v Speaker 1>up inside you. And so I was wondering, well, what's

0:53:50.960 --> 0:53:53.600
<v Speaker 1>the acoustic criterion here, Like, how does the brain tell

0:53:53.800 --> 0:53:57.480
<v Speaker 1>what a scream is or how much like a scream

0:53:57.560 --> 0:54:00.280
<v Speaker 1>a sound has to be before it triggers this react action.

0:54:00.920 --> 0:54:04.279
<v Speaker 1>And the researchers found that the main criterion activating the

0:54:04.320 --> 0:54:07.120
<v Speaker 1>sphere response in the brain was was a quality of

0:54:07.160 --> 0:54:11.399
<v Speaker 1>the sound. That was that they called acoustic roughness. And

0:54:11.480 --> 0:54:16.920
<v Speaker 1>this means how rapidly the amplitude of the sound is modulated. Uh,

0:54:17.080 --> 0:54:19.120
<v Speaker 1>it can be kind of hard to explain, but basically

0:54:19.520 --> 0:54:23.920
<v Speaker 1>it refers to if the loudness of the sound rapidly changes.

0:54:24.360 --> 0:54:26.640
<v Speaker 1>So think about a smooth sound kind of like a

0:54:26.760 --> 0:54:31.920
<v Speaker 1>single tone alarm, you know, deep versus those rapidly pulsing

0:54:31.960 --> 0:54:34.879
<v Speaker 1>alarms that might play the same pitch maybe even at

0:54:34.880 --> 0:54:38.719
<v Speaker 1>the same volume, but suddenly but like rapidly pulsing loud

0:54:38.760 --> 0:54:41.799
<v Speaker 1>between loud and quiet, and it takes on this kind

0:54:41.840 --> 0:54:45.680
<v Speaker 1>of rough, ragged, kind of auditory quality. And I think

0:54:45.800 --> 0:54:50.000
<v Speaker 1>this might be the reason I'm okay with normal movie screaming.

0:54:50.280 --> 0:54:53.319
<v Speaker 1>But sometimes a scream in a movie sounds real, and

0:54:53.400 --> 0:54:57.160
<v Speaker 1>it sounds wrong, and it sounds upsetting. I think that

0:54:57.239 --> 0:54:59.840
<v Speaker 1>quality of raggedness that I was trying to put words

0:54:59.840 --> 0:55:03.280
<v Speaker 1>to might at least be partially rooted in this quality

0:55:03.280 --> 0:55:06.520
<v Speaker 1>they're talking about in the paper of acoustic roughness. This

0:55:06.600 --> 0:55:08.480
<v Speaker 1>is really this is really interesting. It makes me think

0:55:08.520 --> 0:55:12.120
<v Speaker 1>too about music that incorporates like a lot of like

0:55:12.239 --> 0:55:17.920
<v Speaker 1>primal yelling and screaming um. And obviously they know intense

0:55:18.040 --> 0:55:21.040
<v Speaker 1>metal such as death metal, and I think a lot

0:55:21.080 --> 0:55:23.120
<v Speaker 1>of that is going to fall into the category of

0:55:23.200 --> 0:55:27.360
<v Speaker 1>kind of movie scream territory. Whereas there are particular artists,

0:55:27.360 --> 0:55:30.400
<v Speaker 1>the one that comes to mind is the vocalist Jen's

0:55:30.480 --> 0:55:33.719
<v Speaker 1>Kidman of Sugar, who, at least in some of the

0:55:33.719 --> 0:55:36.120
<v Speaker 1>tracks we have, not really just collectively in all the tracks,

0:55:36.600 --> 0:55:41.000
<v Speaker 1>is able to really bring out this this guttural raw,

0:55:41.560 --> 0:55:44.759
<v Speaker 1>like vicious ragged nous to the things that he is

0:55:44.800 --> 0:55:48.080
<v Speaker 1>screaming in in the songs, and it's a and and

0:55:48.120 --> 0:55:50.200
<v Speaker 1>it's it's tremendous. I mean, it's one of the reasons

0:55:50.239 --> 0:55:52.520
<v Speaker 1>where like I don't listen to a lot of death metal,

0:55:52.520 --> 0:55:54.560
<v Speaker 1>but I'll I'll listen to my Sugar and then I'll

0:55:55.120 --> 0:55:57.319
<v Speaker 1>I'll think about how much I appreciate it, and then

0:55:57.360 --> 0:56:00.799
<v Speaker 1>I'll try out other artists and I'll often just listen

0:56:00.840 --> 0:56:03.120
<v Speaker 1>to it and be and think, well, that's not really

0:56:03.160 --> 0:56:05.080
<v Speaker 1>scratching the same itch, and I wonder if that's part

0:56:05.120 --> 0:56:07.399
<v Speaker 1>of it, Like I'm not it's not activating the same

0:56:07.440 --> 0:56:11.120
<v Speaker 1>circuits in my brain because it's a different level of vocalization.

0:56:11.719 --> 0:56:14.759
<v Speaker 1>So you want your metal to be like more directly

0:56:14.840 --> 0:56:18.160
<v Speaker 1>activating of the fear circuits in your brain. Or yeah, yeah,

0:56:18.160 --> 0:56:20.279
<v Speaker 1>if I'm listening to you know, if I'm listening to

0:56:20.440 --> 0:56:23.120
<v Speaker 1>something called chaos fear you know, or something you know,

0:56:23.280 --> 0:56:26.960
<v Speaker 1>or or New Millennium Cyanide Christ, it needs to have

0:56:28.040 --> 0:56:31.160
<v Speaker 1>it needs to connect with that fear network otherwise it's

0:56:31.200 --> 0:56:35.200
<v Speaker 1>it's disingenuous, right, Yeah, that's interesting. Well, another interesting thing

0:56:35.239 --> 0:56:37.480
<v Speaker 1>that they found in the study was that it wasn't

0:56:37.560 --> 0:56:42.040
<v Speaker 1>just human screams, Like the same auditory qualities came through

0:56:42.160 --> 0:56:46.680
<v Speaker 1>in like alarm sounds, like people found synthetic alarm sounds

0:56:46.920 --> 0:56:50.600
<v Speaker 1>more disturbing if they had this quality of acoustic roughness

0:56:50.640 --> 0:56:52.759
<v Speaker 1>that sounds kind of like raggedness to us, you know,

0:56:52.880 --> 0:56:57.319
<v Speaker 1>the rapidly modulating volume. Right. So I'm not positive, but

0:56:57.440 --> 0:57:00.400
<v Speaker 1>I'm I'm like nine percent sure that's what's going on

0:57:00.480 --> 0:57:03.120
<v Speaker 1>in my reaction to the screaming session at the beginning

0:57:03.680 --> 0:57:06.919
<v Speaker 1>of of The Tingler. It's got acoustic roughness that most

0:57:06.920 --> 0:57:09.480
<v Speaker 1>movie screams don't have. But of course, in the movie

0:57:09.600 --> 0:57:13.799
<v Speaker 1>The Tingler, individuals don't just scream. Uh. There's also this

0:57:13.920 --> 0:57:18.160
<v Speaker 1>idea of of of dying due to the inability to scream,

0:57:18.720 --> 0:57:21.880
<v Speaker 1>the idea of just being scared to death, and that's

0:57:21.880 --> 0:57:26.160
<v Speaker 1>another that's that's another like fun topic to unravel. Well, yeah,

0:57:26.600 --> 0:57:29.600
<v Speaker 1>so in the movie, the explanation is can you be

0:57:29.720 --> 0:57:32.800
<v Speaker 1>scared to death? Because when you get scared and you

0:57:32.840 --> 0:57:37.720
<v Speaker 1>can't scream, the Tingler crushes your back, breaks breaks your spine,

0:57:37.800 --> 0:57:41.960
<v Speaker 1>and that's like what gets uh Vincent Price's character really excited.

0:57:41.960 --> 0:57:43.720
<v Speaker 1>There's that part where he says, like, I've thought about

0:57:43.760 --> 0:57:46.840
<v Speaker 1>not for two years, but the breaking of spines due

0:57:46.880 --> 0:57:51.200
<v Speaker 1>to fear. But obviously that's not what is happening in

0:57:51.440 --> 0:57:54.800
<v Speaker 1>actual human beings. No. Though. The question I guess is

0:57:54.800 --> 0:57:57.880
<v Speaker 1>can you actually be scared to death? And the answer

0:57:57.960 --> 0:58:02.320
<v Speaker 1>is absolutely yes, that you absolutely can and this does happen.

0:58:02.720 --> 0:58:05.200
<v Speaker 1>I found a good article about this from Scientific American

0:58:05.240 --> 0:58:08.120
<v Speaker 1>that was consulting with an expert named Martin A. Samuel's

0:58:08.200 --> 0:58:11.720
<v Speaker 1>who was chairman of the neurology department at Brigham and

0:58:11.760 --> 0:58:16.320
<v Speaker 1>Women's Hospital in Boston, and so uh so so Samuel's

0:58:16.400 --> 0:58:20.040
<v Speaker 1>talks about these cases and basically there are tons of

0:58:20.120 --> 0:58:24.240
<v Speaker 1>documented instances where a sudden terror causes somebody to die.

0:58:24.440 --> 0:58:26.280
<v Speaker 1>But the big question is we know that when people

0:58:26.320 --> 0:58:28.760
<v Speaker 1>die of fright, it's not because something like living in

0:58:28.800 --> 0:58:31.680
<v Speaker 1>them crack their vertebrae. Something else must be going on,

0:58:32.120 --> 0:58:34.640
<v Speaker 1>So what is it? Well, according to Samuel's, the primary

0:58:34.680 --> 0:58:37.920
<v Speaker 1>mechanism of death when people are scared to death seems

0:58:37.960 --> 0:58:41.080
<v Speaker 1>to be damaged to the vital organs, particularly the heart,

0:58:41.520 --> 0:58:46.640
<v Speaker 1>by a toxic surge of stress hormones, primarily adrenaline. So

0:58:46.760 --> 0:58:50.840
<v Speaker 1>when we experienced terrifying stimuli, our bodies kick off a

0:58:50.920 --> 0:58:54.200
<v Speaker 1>familiar process that you've almost certainly both heard of and

0:58:54.240 --> 0:58:57.120
<v Speaker 1>felt for yourself, which is the fight or flight response.

0:58:57.520 --> 0:59:00.320
<v Speaker 1>And this is a response within the autonomic nervous stem

0:59:00.320 --> 0:59:03.000
<v Speaker 1>that reacts to a threat by preparing the body for

0:59:03.080 --> 0:59:06.440
<v Speaker 1>life saving actions. So the heart rate increases, it's pumping

0:59:06.440 --> 0:59:10.880
<v Speaker 1>more blood, more blood flows to the muscles, perspiration increases,

0:59:11.200 --> 0:59:13.880
<v Speaker 1>the pupils dilate, meaning they you know, they get bigger

0:59:13.920 --> 0:59:16.920
<v Speaker 1>to let in more light. Uh, the normal background workings

0:59:16.920 --> 0:59:20.040
<v Speaker 1>of the digestive system sort of go on. Hold. Uh,

0:59:20.080 --> 0:59:23.640
<v Speaker 1>there's like loosening of the of the lower bowels and

0:59:23.760 --> 0:59:26.160
<v Speaker 1>all this kind of stuff. And this automatic response is

0:59:26.200 --> 0:59:29.040
<v Speaker 1>of course very useful if you have to take immediate

0:59:29.080 --> 0:59:31.720
<v Speaker 1>physical action in response to a threat, as the fight

0:59:31.800 --> 0:59:34.480
<v Speaker 1>or flight name implies, So this response primes you to

0:59:34.520 --> 0:59:37.360
<v Speaker 1>either you know, to freeze up, take in sensory data,

0:59:37.360 --> 0:59:40.400
<v Speaker 1>and evaluate the situation as quickly as possible, then neither

0:59:40.480 --> 0:59:42.840
<v Speaker 1>runaway as fast as you can or get ready to

0:59:42.880 --> 0:59:45.760
<v Speaker 1>fight for your life. But of course, it's funny so

0:59:45.800 --> 0:59:48.680
<v Speaker 1>many of the situations in which our bodies choose to

0:59:48.800 --> 0:59:52.160
<v Speaker 1>deploy this type of response in normal life, because so

0:59:52.200 --> 0:59:54.160
<v Speaker 1>many of the things that trigger the fight or flight

0:59:54.200 --> 0:59:56.960
<v Speaker 1>response to us are not physical threats. They're not something

0:59:56.960 --> 0:59:59.600
<v Speaker 1>we need to run from or fight. They're like you know,

0:59:59.640 --> 1:00:02.480
<v Speaker 1>you've got an email that upset you or something like that.

1:00:02.960 --> 1:00:06.000
<v Speaker 1>Paper tigers is the term we often use. Yeah, the

1:00:06.280 --> 1:00:08.680
<v Speaker 1>same fear response that we would have to an actual

1:00:08.720 --> 1:00:12.200
<v Speaker 1>physical threat we have, we still experience those, but it's

1:00:12.200 --> 1:00:15.040
<v Speaker 1>to these these things that are not that are that

1:00:15.080 --> 1:00:19.160
<v Speaker 1>are not physical threats or at least not directly, you know,

1:00:19.320 --> 1:00:23.280
<v Speaker 1>like there's several degrees of separation between uh, this letter

1:00:23.320 --> 1:00:27.040
<v Speaker 1>you got in the mail and like physical incarceration, yes, exactly.

1:00:27.320 --> 1:00:29.920
<v Speaker 1>And so the nervous system, of course, it triggers this

1:00:30.000 --> 1:00:33.760
<v Speaker 1>fight or flight response by by by releasing, by flooding

1:00:33.800 --> 1:00:36.840
<v Speaker 1>the body with stress hormones, uh, one of which, of

1:00:36.840 --> 1:00:39.440
<v Speaker 1>course the primary one is adrenaline here, and adrenaline is

1:00:39.440 --> 1:00:41.640
<v Speaker 1>good at the good at this job. It causes this

1:00:41.760 --> 1:00:44.919
<v Speaker 1>rapid response throughout any different parts of the body, gets

1:00:45.000 --> 1:00:48.800
<v Speaker 1>us ready to engage in urgent survival behaviors. But according

1:00:48.800 --> 1:00:52.560
<v Speaker 1>to Samuel's in this article, adrenaline is very toxic in

1:00:52.680 --> 1:00:56.400
<v Speaker 1>high concentrations. Like flooding of adrenaline can damage organs like

1:00:56.440 --> 1:00:59.200
<v Speaker 1>the kidneys or the liver over the long term, but

1:00:59.280 --> 1:01:01.800
<v Speaker 1>the most immediate threat is the damage it can cause

1:01:01.880 --> 1:01:05.320
<v Speaker 1>to the heart. And this happens when surging adrenaline forces

1:01:05.360 --> 1:01:09.040
<v Speaker 1>the muscle cells in the heart to contract uncontrollably, and

1:01:09.120 --> 1:01:12.400
<v Speaker 1>this leads to fatal alterations in the rhythm of the heartbeats,

1:01:12.440 --> 1:01:17.520
<v Speaker 1>such as ventricular fibrillation, which is when patterns of contractions

1:01:17.520 --> 1:01:21.560
<v Speaker 1>in the ventricles actually prevent the heart from pumping blood correctly.

1:01:21.920 --> 1:01:24.520
<v Speaker 1>And if the heart doesn't pump blood, suddenly our tissues

1:01:24.520 --> 1:01:27.280
<v Speaker 1>stop getting oxygen and we die. And so according to

1:01:27.320 --> 1:01:31.080
<v Speaker 1>Samuel's anybody can die of fright, but pre existing cardiac

1:01:31.120 --> 1:01:35.360
<v Speaker 1>conditions like heart disease can make you more vulnerable. Uh.

1:01:35.400 --> 1:01:37.600
<v Speaker 1>And so a weird way of thinking about this issue

1:01:37.720 --> 1:01:40.640
<v Speaker 1>is that our fight or flight response could also be

1:01:40.720 --> 1:01:45.200
<v Speaker 1>imagined metaphorically as a kind of Tingler like but whatever,

1:01:45.280 --> 1:01:47.760
<v Speaker 1>you know, it's like this thing within us that's there

1:01:47.800 --> 1:01:51.640
<v Speaker 1>for ancestral reasons. It got in us many many generations

1:01:51.640 --> 1:01:54.919
<v Speaker 1>ago when it served a purpose. But now the fight

1:01:55.000 --> 1:01:57.200
<v Speaker 1>or flight response like most of the time, I mean,

1:01:57.280 --> 1:02:00.720
<v Speaker 1>unless you live in like a very violence or cumstances,

1:02:01.120 --> 1:02:04.720
<v Speaker 1>the fight or flight response is generally parasitic on you.

1:02:04.800 --> 1:02:09.320
<v Speaker 1>Now it is it is an instinctual parasite that is

1:02:09.360 --> 1:02:14.040
<v Speaker 1>serving its own purpose, which is mostly obsolete and meanwhile

1:02:14.200 --> 1:02:17.520
<v Speaker 1>killing your body in the process. Yeah, I think I

1:02:17.560 --> 1:02:20.240
<v Speaker 1>think about this a lot dealing, you know, since I

1:02:20.280 --> 1:02:23.120
<v Speaker 1>deal with in a certain amount of anxiety myself. But

1:02:23.560 --> 1:02:25.760
<v Speaker 1>like the anxiety, if I think of the anxiety, is

1:02:25.800 --> 1:02:29.160
<v Speaker 1>the tingler, Like the tingler kind of takes on different

1:02:29.200 --> 1:02:31.880
<v Speaker 1>forms and like whatever the thing is that's bothering me

1:02:31.880 --> 1:02:34.840
<v Speaker 1>at a particular time, I kind of at times stop

1:02:34.880 --> 1:02:37.960
<v Speaker 1>and realize, what's the same force. You know, it's the

1:02:38.040 --> 1:02:41.840
<v Speaker 1>same creature, but it's wearing a slightly different skin. It's

1:02:41.880 --> 1:02:44.240
<v Speaker 1>just dressed in in some other in the skin of

1:02:44.280 --> 1:02:47.480
<v Speaker 1>some other paper tiger. To uh, that's going to disrupt

1:02:47.480 --> 1:02:50.800
<v Speaker 1>my day? Yeah, I mean I I wonder if it

1:02:50.920 --> 1:02:53.280
<v Speaker 1>is actually I haven't seen the study about this or anything,

1:02:54.720 --> 1:02:57.200
<v Speaker 1>but at the risk of getting a laugh here, I

1:02:57.200 --> 1:03:00.760
<v Speaker 1>wonder if it could actually be helpful to or soonify

1:03:01.040 --> 1:03:06.560
<v Speaker 1>your anxiety to like to give yourself a visual metaphor

1:03:06.880 --> 1:03:09.120
<v Speaker 1>to think about your anxiety through. It doesn't have to

1:03:09.120 --> 1:03:11.520
<v Speaker 1>be a tinkler, but a tingler might be an especially

1:03:11.560 --> 1:03:15.680
<v Speaker 1>funny one if you're trying to disempower your own anxiety

1:03:15.760 --> 1:03:18.720
<v Speaker 1>response to things that aren't actually gonna hurt you. Well,

1:03:18.720 --> 1:03:21.200
<v Speaker 1>on one hand, I come back again to the psychedelic

1:03:21.240 --> 1:03:25.240
<v Speaker 1>themes of the Tingler, you know, the sparious psychedelic accounts

1:03:25.240 --> 1:03:29.240
<v Speaker 1>of psychedelic experience in which fears or even anxieties are personified.

1:03:29.360 --> 1:03:32.680
<v Speaker 1>Is something that can then be banished. But then also

1:03:32.800 --> 1:03:36.160
<v Speaker 1>like this is this is tantamount to uh many religious faiths,

1:03:36.200 --> 1:03:39.600
<v Speaker 1>you know, get the behind me Satan? Uh you know,

1:03:39.680 --> 1:03:41.920
<v Speaker 1>I mean that's so what is that but taking your

1:03:41.920 --> 1:03:44.800
<v Speaker 1>fears and anxieties or temptations or something, you know, so

1:03:44.840 --> 1:03:48.920
<v Speaker 1>whatever your your your negative emotional baggage happens to be

1:03:49.400 --> 1:03:52.240
<v Speaker 1>and putting it in the form of this, uh, this

1:03:52.240 --> 1:03:55.360
<v Speaker 1>this this non human entity that then can there then

1:03:55.440 --> 1:03:58.800
<v Speaker 1>be interacted with or fought? Can they can be farted at?

1:03:58.880 --> 1:04:01.560
<v Speaker 1>If say, if you're Martin luth there exactly well, well yeah,

1:04:02.120 --> 1:04:04.120
<v Speaker 1>to to what does he say to the devil? I

1:04:04.160 --> 1:04:08.160
<v Speaker 1>give the affart? Yeah. I think the Tingler might be

1:04:08.200 --> 1:04:10.280
<v Speaker 1>a good one. It might be a good one to imagine,

1:04:10.320 --> 1:04:14.520
<v Speaker 1>because the Tingler actually is not very scary, Like I mean,

1:04:14.520 --> 1:04:16.080
<v Speaker 1>if you cut out the parts of the movies with

1:04:16.120 --> 1:04:19.120
<v Speaker 1>the screaming that's actually kind of disturbing. The Tingler is

1:04:19.200 --> 1:04:23.200
<v Speaker 1>very funny. Uh, And so I wonder if you you

1:04:23.320 --> 1:04:26.680
<v Speaker 1>listeners out there who have problems with anxiety, try this experiment.

1:04:26.720 --> 1:04:29.120
<v Speaker 1>I want to hear about the results when your anxiety

1:04:29.120 --> 1:04:31.560
<v Speaker 1>flares up when a paper tiger has got you sweating,

1:04:31.880 --> 1:04:34.600
<v Speaker 1>when you you know you're you're experiencing that that full

1:04:34.640 --> 1:04:37.080
<v Speaker 1>body stress response, and the adrenaline is flowing and the

1:04:37.080 --> 1:04:40.800
<v Speaker 1>cortisol is flowing, and you know your organs are restraining

1:04:40.880 --> 1:04:43.480
<v Speaker 1>under the weight of this thing that's not actually physically

1:04:43.480 --> 1:04:46.600
<v Speaker 1>a threat to you. I think it's just the Tingler.

1:04:46.880 --> 1:04:49.360
<v Speaker 1>It's just a Tingler in there, and and see if

1:04:49.400 --> 1:04:51.240
<v Speaker 1>that makes you laugh and helps you get over it.

1:04:51.520 --> 1:04:53.040
<v Speaker 1>Before we close out here, I do want to come

1:04:53.080 --> 1:04:57.320
<v Speaker 1>back just just to to William Castle's gimmickry here. You know,

1:04:57.400 --> 1:04:59.840
<v Speaker 1>there's a there's a whole line of thinking on this

1:05:00.080 --> 1:05:02.080
<v Speaker 1>that that I don't think I would have even considered

1:05:02.120 --> 1:05:04.640
<v Speaker 1>had we we not just done a multi episode look

1:05:04.920 --> 1:05:08.200
<v Speaker 1>at photography and motion pictures on our other podcast, Invention.

1:05:09.560 --> 1:05:11.760
<v Speaker 1>It's especially easy to watch a film like The Tingler

1:05:11.760 --> 1:05:14.960
<v Speaker 1>and to laugh at its manipulation of audience reactions, right

1:05:15.360 --> 1:05:18.120
<v Speaker 1>and uh, and perhaps a bit challenging to view The

1:05:18.200 --> 1:05:22.760
<v Speaker 1>Tingler and feel anything approaching legitimate fear but of course

1:05:22.800 --> 1:05:24.480
<v Speaker 1>we have to you know, couch the film within the

1:05:24.480 --> 1:05:28.320
<v Speaker 1>context of its time, etcetera. But another thing that I

1:05:28.400 --> 1:05:30.920
<v Speaker 1>was thinking about was there were some studies that we

1:05:31.000 --> 1:05:35.640
<v Speaker 1>touched on in those Invention episodes. Uh, particularly regarding a

1:05:35.680 --> 1:05:39.560
<v Speaker 1>researcher by the name of Talma Hendler, founder and director

1:05:39.600 --> 1:05:43.080
<v Speaker 1>of the Functional Brain Center at Tel Aviv Sarowski Medical Center.

1:05:43.560 --> 1:05:46.920
<v Speaker 1>They found that certain scenes from Black Swan this is

1:05:46.960 --> 1:05:51.160
<v Speaker 1>a film from two thousand ten Darren Aronofsky, Yeah, a

1:05:51.200 --> 1:05:56.560
<v Speaker 1>lot of kind of Suspiria esque Ballerina Shenanigans and Hitler

1:05:56.600 --> 1:06:00.640
<v Speaker 1>found that this film produced results that quote compared to

1:06:00.720 --> 1:06:04.680
<v Speaker 1>a schizophrenia like state, with the cognitive and emotional centers

1:06:04.680 --> 1:06:08.360
<v Speaker 1>of the brain operating dramatically in and out of sync. Now,

1:06:08.400 --> 1:06:10.480
<v Speaker 1>this is of course a much more modern film we're

1:06:10.480 --> 1:06:13.400
<v Speaker 1>talking about here, and certainly one that showcases a much

1:06:13.400 --> 1:06:17.680
<v Speaker 1>more ambitious and technically proficient cinema. But I think it

1:06:17.760 --> 1:06:21.160
<v Speaker 1>underlines the idea here that films induce a kind of

1:06:21.240 --> 1:06:25.720
<v Speaker 1>alternate cognitive experience, maybe even an alternate cognitive reality in

1:06:25.720 --> 1:06:29.440
<v Speaker 1>and of themselves. Uh, you know, they're not that different

1:06:29.480 --> 1:06:34.040
<v Speaker 1>in some respects. Uh, you know, compared to a psychedelic experience.

1:06:34.640 --> 1:06:37.760
<v Speaker 1>And so it's it's interesting to to think about cinema

1:06:37.840 --> 1:06:41.640
<v Speaker 1>in that regard that we're taking this medium that that

1:06:41.840 --> 1:06:45.400
<v Speaker 1>messages with your brain, that changes how you're perceiving reality,

1:06:45.640 --> 1:06:47.360
<v Speaker 1>and then on top of that, we're going to just

1:06:47.440 --> 1:06:50.880
<v Speaker 1>fill it with fear and death and terror and see

1:06:50.920 --> 1:06:54.920
<v Speaker 1>what happens. Yeah, that's funny. I mean, um, I agree

1:06:54.920 --> 1:06:57.440
<v Speaker 1>with you. I do think you could legitimately think of

1:06:57.480 --> 1:07:00.640
<v Speaker 1>watching a film as a form of entering altered state

1:07:00.640 --> 1:07:03.800
<v Speaker 1>of consciousness. I don't think that's actually a stretch at all.

1:07:05.080 --> 1:07:07.120
<v Speaker 1>It does bring us back to this question, you know,

1:07:07.400 --> 1:07:09.840
<v Speaker 1>why why people do enjoy horror movies? I mean, you

1:07:09.880 --> 1:07:13.120
<v Speaker 1>and I both enjoy horror movies? Like why is that fun?

1:07:13.280 --> 1:07:16.120
<v Speaker 1>Like you would think that you just, uh, you would

1:07:16.160 --> 1:07:19.360
<v Speaker 1>think that you would never want to provoke negative arousal

1:07:19.440 --> 1:07:23.760
<v Speaker 1>states like fearfulness without needing to, because I mean, there's

1:07:23.840 --> 1:07:26.640
<v Speaker 1>enough stuff in life giving us anxiety. But I think

1:07:26.680 --> 1:07:29.160
<v Speaker 1>we talked about this when we went as guests on

1:07:29.560 --> 1:07:33.040
<v Speaker 1>Movie Crush with with Chuck Bryant over on that show.

1:07:33.080 --> 1:07:34.720
<v Speaker 1>If you haven't checked that out, we're we're on some

1:07:34.760 --> 1:07:37.320
<v Speaker 1>episode of it. It was like an October episode yeah,

1:07:38.160 --> 1:07:40.120
<v Speaker 1>but we talked about our love of horror movies, and

1:07:40.240 --> 1:07:42.960
<v Speaker 1>you know, I totally have the opposite experience. For me,

1:07:43.240 --> 1:07:48.919
<v Speaker 1>for some reason, watching scary movies seems to to decrease

1:07:49.120 --> 1:07:52.960
<v Speaker 1>my level of anxiety about normal day to day stuff.

1:07:52.960 --> 1:07:54.880
<v Speaker 1>And I don't know exactly why that is, but I

1:07:54.920 --> 1:07:58.400
<v Speaker 1>think it's that, you know, it's sort of like, um,

1:07:58.440 --> 1:08:02.200
<v Speaker 1>it gives you a kind of low stakes practice environment

1:08:02.240 --> 1:08:05.360
<v Speaker 1>to sort of observe your fear in a controlled setting

1:08:05.400 --> 1:08:07.800
<v Speaker 1>where you know that nothing is actually going to threaten you.

1:08:08.200 --> 1:08:11.200
<v Speaker 1>But you can also think, perhaps maybe this is a stretch,

1:08:11.240 --> 1:08:14.080
<v Speaker 1>but you can think of this anxiety inside of us

1:08:14.560 --> 1:08:18.439
<v Speaker 1>as this you know, this autoimmune function that is there

1:08:18.479 --> 1:08:22.080
<v Speaker 1>to deal with actual threats. And when when those threats

1:08:22.080 --> 1:08:24.360
<v Speaker 1>are not there, I mean, what what does it do?

1:08:24.439 --> 1:08:26.040
<v Speaker 1>What does it have to feed on? In the same

1:08:26.080 --> 1:08:29.560
<v Speaker 1>way that, uh that if you are isolated from stimulive

1:08:29.680 --> 1:08:33.760
<v Speaker 1>you are saying solitary confinement, the senses may pick up

1:08:33.800 --> 1:08:37.000
<v Speaker 1>on sensory data that is not quite there and extrapolated.

1:08:37.479 --> 1:08:40.320
<v Speaker 1>So perhaps on on some level, it's like we don't

1:08:40.320 --> 1:08:43.439
<v Speaker 1>have enough real concrete threats to fear in our day

1:08:43.439 --> 1:08:47.559
<v Speaker 1>to day life. Actual tigers, you know, actual boulders falling

1:08:47.720 --> 1:08:51.160
<v Speaker 1>up from the cliffs onto us. But we're we're still

1:08:51.200 --> 1:08:53.920
<v Speaker 1>hardwired to deal with those kind of threats, and so

1:08:54.000 --> 1:08:56.360
<v Speaker 1>without those kind of threats, we end up fearing all

1:08:56.400 --> 1:08:59.519
<v Speaker 1>these other things. And then a horror movie, a good

1:08:59.520 --> 1:09:02.760
<v Speaker 1>one anyway, gives us something else to feed to the

1:09:02.800 --> 1:09:06.519
<v Speaker 1>tingler in our mind. Yeah, somehow a monster is is

1:09:06.560 --> 1:09:09.479
<v Speaker 1>a nice compromise there. It's like something that you can

1:09:09.640 --> 1:09:13.080
<v Speaker 1>focus this fear response on, but you know, it's not

1:09:13.160 --> 1:09:15.920
<v Speaker 1>actually real. Now. One thing I will say is that

1:09:16.160 --> 1:09:19.400
<v Speaker 1>I don't know if I'm really a fan of when

1:09:19.400 --> 1:09:22.400
<v Speaker 1>I watch a horror movie that's so good and so

1:09:22.479 --> 1:09:25.919
<v Speaker 1>effective that I walk out kind of looking over my shoulder.

1:09:26.640 --> 1:09:29.559
<v Speaker 1>It doesn't happen much anymore. Used to happen more often,

1:09:29.560 --> 1:09:31.479
<v Speaker 1>I guess when I've just seen fewer horror movies and

1:09:31.520 --> 1:09:33.840
<v Speaker 1>I was less exposed to it. But well, I mean,

1:09:33.880 --> 1:09:38.280
<v Speaker 1>I remember seeing the original American remake of The Ring.

1:09:38.439 --> 1:09:41.439
<v Speaker 1>Oh yeah, and I was basically up all night after that.

1:09:41.760 --> 1:09:43.240
<v Speaker 1>At the time, that was not a lot of fun,

1:09:43.760 --> 1:09:46.080
<v Speaker 1>But I look back on it fondly because I had

1:09:46.439 --> 1:09:50.080
<v Speaker 1>such an authentic, you know, emotional, fear based reaction to

1:09:50.160 --> 1:09:53.120
<v Speaker 1>that film and it's it's just something I rarely experience

1:09:53.200 --> 1:09:55.200
<v Speaker 1>with a movie. The same can be said for a

1:09:55.240 --> 1:09:58.040
<v Speaker 1>lot of psychedelic experiences, though, you know, you hear people say, well,

1:09:58.120 --> 1:09:59.360
<v Speaker 1>you know, it wasn't fun at the time, but I

1:09:59.439 --> 1:10:02.879
<v Speaker 1>learned something from it. I had the exact same reaction

1:10:02.960 --> 1:10:04.960
<v Speaker 1>with with the American remake of The Ring when I

1:10:05.000 --> 1:10:06.280
<v Speaker 1>was young. I don't know how old I was. I

1:10:06.360 --> 1:10:08.719
<v Speaker 1>must have been I don't know, eighth or ninth grade

1:10:08.800 --> 1:10:12.320
<v Speaker 1>when I mean I I was technically like an adult

1:10:12.400 --> 1:10:15.360
<v Speaker 1>at the time, and I still stayed up all night,

1:10:15.439 --> 1:10:18.120
<v Speaker 1>you know, unable to shake it. Yeah, it's certainly made,

1:10:18.160 --> 1:10:21.400
<v Speaker 1>like TVs pretty freaky. Anytime after that you turn on

1:10:21.479 --> 1:10:24.559
<v Speaker 1>a TV and static pops up, it's like, oh, well,

1:10:24.640 --> 1:10:26.640
<v Speaker 1>you know, maybe after a return to The Ring in

1:10:26.640 --> 1:10:29.520
<v Speaker 1>the future. I know we've talked before about potentially exploring

1:10:30.360 --> 1:10:34.760
<v Speaker 1>something related to like superstitious ideas about technology. Oh yeah,

1:10:34.760 --> 1:10:36.759
<v Speaker 1>I'd love to do that, you know, I will report.

1:10:36.800 --> 1:10:38.920
<v Speaker 1>I still think it actually is a pretty well made

1:10:39.000 --> 1:10:41.240
<v Speaker 1>horror movie. Like a lot of the imagery is pretty

1:10:41.280 --> 1:10:44.000
<v Speaker 1>inventive and creepy, and it kind of holds up. But

1:10:44.080 --> 1:10:47.320
<v Speaker 1>at the same time, I rewatched it more recently and

1:10:47.920 --> 1:10:50.320
<v Speaker 1>it didn't have the same effect anymore. And now parts

1:10:50.360 --> 1:10:52.960
<v Speaker 1>of it made me laugh. But not to say it's

1:10:52.960 --> 1:10:56.000
<v Speaker 1>not that it's like bad. It's just like I you

1:10:56.040 --> 1:11:00.160
<v Speaker 1>know somehow, especially in the context of my memory, is

1:11:00.680 --> 1:11:03.240
<v Speaker 1>a lot of the stuff, the scare moments in it

1:11:03.280 --> 1:11:06.400
<v Speaker 1>have become funny. Yeah, And of course it was an

1:11:06.400 --> 1:11:08.400
<v Speaker 1>influential film, so it's kind of had a chance to

1:11:08.880 --> 1:11:11.880
<v Speaker 1>delude itself through popular culture, I imagine. But it's still

1:11:11.880 --> 1:11:14.639
<v Speaker 1>got Brian Cox in it so that you can't fall

1:11:14.800 --> 1:11:17.800
<v Speaker 1>can't go wrong with Brian Cox. Put Brian Cox in

1:11:17.960 --> 1:11:21.320
<v Speaker 1>every single movie, it'll be better, all right. Well, on

1:11:21.360 --> 1:11:23.320
<v Speaker 1>that note, we're gonna go and close this one out.

1:11:23.680 --> 1:11:26.040
<v Speaker 1>You know, obviously we'd love to hear from anyone out there.

1:11:26.080 --> 1:11:28.559
<v Speaker 1>Have you seen The Tinler? Uh? Do you have you know,

1:11:29.080 --> 1:11:31.960
<v Speaker 1>some some fond memories of this film, perhaps you even

1:11:31.960 --> 1:11:33.839
<v Speaker 1>saw it in the theater. If you saw The Tingler

1:11:33.880 --> 1:11:37.800
<v Speaker 1>in the in an actual theater like original production or

1:11:37.840 --> 1:11:40.640
<v Speaker 1>even you know, more recently, but definitely if you were

1:11:40.640 --> 1:11:43.320
<v Speaker 1>in a vibrating chair, we we totally want to hear

1:11:43.360 --> 1:11:47.479
<v Speaker 1>about that. Likewise, if you have suggestions for future episodes

1:11:47.520 --> 1:11:49.320
<v Speaker 1>of stuff to blow your mind in particular, if you

1:11:49.320 --> 1:11:52.160
<v Speaker 1>have suggestions for future movie episodes that we do, we

1:11:52.200 --> 1:11:54.000
<v Speaker 1>would love to hear from you. In the meantime, heading

1:11:54.040 --> 1:11:55.559
<v Speaker 1>over to stuff to Blow your Mind dot com, that's

1:11:55.560 --> 1:11:58.320
<v Speaker 1>we will find all the shows and if you want

1:11:58.360 --> 1:11:59.920
<v Speaker 1>to help us out, the best thing you can do

1:12:00.120 --> 1:12:02.280
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1:12:02.320 --> 1:12:04.639
<v Speaker 1>wherever you have the power to do so. Huge thanks

1:12:04.680 --> 1:12:08.519
<v Speaker 1>to our excellent audio producers Seth Nicholas Johnson and Maya Coole.

1:12:08.920 --> 1:12:10.479
<v Speaker 1>If you would like to get in touch with us

1:12:10.479 --> 1:12:12.919
<v Speaker 1>with feedback on this episode or any other to suggest

1:12:13.000 --> 1:12:15.519
<v Speaker 1>topic for the future, for just to say hello, you

1:12:15.560 --> 1:12:18.479
<v Speaker 1>can email us at contact at stuff to Blow your

1:12:18.479 --> 1:12:29.800
<v Speaker 1>Mind dot com. Stuff to Blow Your Mind is a

1:12:29.800 --> 1:12:32.559
<v Speaker 1>production of iHeart Radio's How Stuff Works. For more podcasts

1:12:32.600 --> 1:12:35.560
<v Speaker 1>for my heart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts,

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