1 00:00:00,280 --> 00:00:02,000 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class. It's a production of I 2 00:00:02,080 --> 00:00:06,880 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Greetings, I'm Eves and welcome to This Day 3 00:00:06,880 --> 00:00:09,880 Speaker 1: in History Class, a show that believes no day in 4 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:15,320 Speaker 1: history is a slow day. Today is November three, nineteen. 5 00:00:24,520 --> 00:00:29,360 Speaker 1: The day was November three, se Alampe de Gouche was 6 00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:33,680 Speaker 1: sentenced to death and executed by guillotine. Googe was a 7 00:00:33,720 --> 00:00:37,239 Speaker 1: playwright and an activist who advocated for women's rights and 8 00:00:37,440 --> 00:00:41,680 Speaker 1: the abolition of slavery. Googe was born Marie Goose in 9 00:00:41,760 --> 00:00:46,639 Speaker 1: southern France in seventeen. She married Louis Aubrey, a man 10 00:00:46,840 --> 00:00:50,000 Speaker 1: much older than her, in seventeen sixty five, and they 11 00:00:50,040 --> 00:00:53,760 Speaker 1: had a son together, but Aubrey died not long into 12 00:00:53,760 --> 00:00:58,120 Speaker 1: the marriage, and Googe vowed to never marry again. She 13 00:00:58,200 --> 00:01:01,840 Speaker 1: became close to a businessman named Jacques Beatrix de Rosier, 14 00:01:02,240 --> 00:01:05,600 Speaker 1: who set her up in Paris. He supported her for 15 00:01:05,680 --> 00:01:09,840 Speaker 1: several years until his resources ran dry. Not a lot 16 00:01:09,920 --> 00:01:12,800 Speaker 1: is known about her early education, but it is evident 17 00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:16,800 Speaker 1: that she was mostly self educated. She preferred to use 18 00:01:16,840 --> 00:01:20,720 Speaker 1: secretaries to transcribe her literary work. Though she was often 19 00:01:20,760 --> 00:01:24,080 Speaker 1: accused of being illiterate, she was knowledgeable about the ideas 20 00:01:24,120 --> 00:01:26,959 Speaker 1: of the Enlightenment and familiar with the works of many 21 00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:32,600 Speaker 1: philosophers in Paris, she rubbed shoulders with famous writers and philosophers. 22 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:38,360 Speaker 1: Googe herself wrote plays, novels, and socio political pamphlets. By 23 00:01:38,360 --> 00:01:41,040 Speaker 1: the late seventeen eighties, she was believed to be the 24 00:01:41,080 --> 00:01:43,680 Speaker 1: author of novellas in several plays in the style of 25 00:01:43,800 --> 00:01:46,720 Speaker 1: drama bourgeois, which was popular in France in the late 26 00:01:46,760 --> 00:01:52,040 Speaker 1: eighteenth century. Dramatist Luis Vastien Mercier helped her navigate the 27 00:01:52,080 --> 00:01:56,440 Speaker 1: Comedie Francaise, the national theater in France, and published in 28 00:01:56,520 --> 00:02:00,240 Speaker 1: stage some of her plays. Unlike other women play rites 29 00:02:00,280 --> 00:02:03,320 Speaker 1: at the time, Goog chose to publish her plays under 30 00:02:03,360 --> 00:02:06,520 Speaker 1: her own name and defy the standards of what content 31 00:02:06,640 --> 00:02:10,280 Speaker 1: was appropriate for women to produce. Her early plays had 32 00:02:10,360 --> 00:02:13,720 Speaker 1: mixed reviews, but her later plays, which were more political, 33 00:02:14,160 --> 00:02:19,720 Speaker 1: produced stronger reactions. They often explore themes of injustice. Her 34 00:02:19,720 --> 00:02:23,760 Speaker 1: play The Generous Man explored the political powerlessness of women. 35 00:02:25,200 --> 00:02:29,280 Speaker 1: Her first stage production, originally called Zamore and Mirza or 36 00:02:29,400 --> 00:02:33,280 Speaker 1: The Happy Shipwreck, was accepted by the Comedy Francaise when 37 00:02:33,280 --> 00:02:36,280 Speaker 1: it was submitted anonymously, but once they found out she 38 00:02:36,360 --> 00:02:39,720 Speaker 1: was the author, the play was shelved. In it too, 39 00:02:39,800 --> 00:02:44,120 Speaker 1: enslaved people were liberated. After revisions, the play was performed 40 00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:47,040 Speaker 1: under the title Black Slavery or the Happy Shipwreck in 41 00:02:47,120 --> 00:02:52,400 Speaker 1: Sight nine. Abolitionist praised the production, but some actors and 42 00:02:52,520 --> 00:02:56,239 Speaker 1: French colonists tied to the slave trade protested since the 43 00:02:56,280 --> 00:02:59,480 Speaker 1: play highlighted the inhumanity of slavery. Some thought it would 44 00:02:59,480 --> 00:03:02,320 Speaker 1: incite bolt in the colonies, and the play shut down 45 00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:06,520 Speaker 1: after only a few performances. By this point, France was 46 00:03:06,560 --> 00:03:11,119 Speaker 1: on the verge of the French Revolution. Goose tried light comedy, 47 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:14,000 Speaker 1: but most of her playwriting was political and responded to 48 00:03:14,040 --> 00:03:18,079 Speaker 1: contemporary issues. In her plays, she discussed girls who were 49 00:03:18,080 --> 00:03:22,480 Speaker 1: forcibly sent to convents, imprisonment for debt, and the powerlessness 50 00:03:22,520 --> 00:03:26,480 Speaker 1: of women in marriage. Through her plays, she often expressed 51 00:03:26,520 --> 00:03:29,880 Speaker 1: the ideas that all women have agency and the injustices 52 00:03:29,880 --> 00:03:34,280 Speaker 1: that women face are tied to larger social ones. Still 53 00:03:34,320 --> 00:03:38,120 Speaker 1: in her work, she negatively depicted revolutionaries and monarchists in 54 00:03:38,160 --> 00:03:41,400 Speaker 1: the Revolution. She was critical of the queen and king, 55 00:03:41,680 --> 00:03:44,920 Speaker 1: but maintained the view that a constitutional monarchy was the 56 00:03:44,960 --> 00:03:48,960 Speaker 1: best way to go for France. Gouge remained a monarchist 57 00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:51,920 Speaker 1: almost until the end, when she became disillusioned by the 58 00:03:51,920 --> 00:03:56,200 Speaker 1: monarchies in action. She was also a political activists. Outside 59 00:03:56,200 --> 00:03:59,840 Speaker 1: of her socially charged literary work, she advocated for governmental 60 00:03:59,880 --> 00:04:02,720 Speaker 1: and social reform in the press and in her pamphlets. 61 00:04:03,680 --> 00:04:06,840 Speaker 1: She called for elimination of the sexual double standard, and 62 00:04:06,880 --> 00:04:11,320 Speaker 1: she championed women's independence and access to political rights. She 63 00:04:11,360 --> 00:04:13,720 Speaker 1: wrote The Rights of Women as a response to the 64 00:04:13,720 --> 00:04:16,000 Speaker 1: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 65 00:04:16,440 --> 00:04:20,560 Speaker 1: criticizing the document for its omission of women's rights. As 66 00:04:20,600 --> 00:04:23,960 Speaker 1: the revolution ramped up, her writings became more charged. She 67 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:26,680 Speaker 1: published a poster called the Three Urns, calling for a 68 00:04:26,720 --> 00:04:30,719 Speaker 1: plebiscite for a choice between a unitary republic, a federalist government, 69 00:04:30,880 --> 00:04:35,000 Speaker 1: or a constitutional monarchy. She was arrested and the Jacobins 70 00:04:35,080 --> 00:04:38,120 Speaker 1: sentenced her to death first edition and calls to reinstate 71 00:04:38,160 --> 00:04:42,359 Speaker 1: the monarchy. Guge was the only woman executed first edition 72 00:04:42,480 --> 00:04:45,000 Speaker 1: during the Reign of Terror, a period during the French 73 00:04:45,080 --> 00:04:50,120 Speaker 1: Revolution marked by massacres in public executions. According to an obituary, 74 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:53,640 Speaker 1: she was also executed for quote having forgotten the virtues 75 00:04:53,720 --> 00:04:57,520 Speaker 1: of her sex, I mean Jeff Coote and hopefully you 76 00:04:57,560 --> 00:05:00,440 Speaker 1: know a little more about history today than you did yesterday. 77 00:05:01,480 --> 00:05:04,280 Speaker 1: If you're hungry for more history, you can find us 78 00:05:04,320 --> 00:05:08,880 Speaker 1: on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram at t d I h 79 00:05:09,120 --> 00:05:12,679 Speaker 1: C Podcast, or you can go the old fashioned route 80 00:05:12,680 --> 00:05:15,440 Speaker 1: and send us an email at this Day at i 81 00:05:15,600 --> 00:05:19,479 Speaker 1: heart media dot com. Thanks for going on this trip 82 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:22,040 Speaker 1: through history with us. We'll see you again tomorrow with 83 00:05:22,200 --> 00:05:32,400 Speaker 1: another episode. For more podcasts from I Heeart Radio, visit 84 00:05:32,400 --> 00:05:35,080 Speaker 1: the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen 85 00:05:35,120 --> 00:05:35,960 Speaker 1: to your favorite shows.