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Speaker 1: Ridiculous History is a production of iHeartRadio. Welcome back to

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Speaker 1: the show, fellow Ridiculous Historians. Thank you, as always so

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Speaker 1: much for tuning in. Let's hear it for our super producer,

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Speaker 1: mister Max Williams.

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Speaker 2: Rock.

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Speaker 1: We've got someone throwing up some hands there in celebration.

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Speaker 1: You were Noel Brown. I am Ben Bullen, and we

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Speaker 1: are please this punch over the Moon to have a

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Speaker 1: very special episode today. Noel, we are exploring some heady

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Speaker 1: concepts that no offense to us. We're not qualified to

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Speaker 1: explore on.

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Speaker 2: Our own Well sure when I qualified to explore much

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Speaker 2: on our own weekend by Yeah, today we're talking about

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Speaker 2: one of our favorite topics, which is mind science of

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Speaker 2: the mind or brain science or mind science of the brand.

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Speaker 3: I know there's a band called mind.

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Speaker 2: Science of the Mind, and I just always thought that

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Speaker 2: was fun and a nice catch all for these types

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Speaker 2: of explorations.

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Speaker 3: But it's true.

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Speaker 2: We're joined by our buddy or hey cham from Science

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Speaker 2: Stuff of Science Stuff, Fame of Daniel and universe, and

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Speaker 2: he's coming to us from the void, the emptiness that

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Speaker 2: is the origin of all.

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Speaker 3: Things in the universe. Yeah, we're gonna.

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Speaker 1: Talk about Hello, Hello, or hey, thank you for joining us.

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Speaker 3: How are we feeling today?

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Speaker 4: Oh, I'm feeling pretty good. It looks like I'm in

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Speaker 4: a black hole, but that's just mind recording booth.

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Speaker 1: With a soud proofing now, or hey, you are a polymath.

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Speaker 1: We were talking earlier, not too long ago, when we

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Speaker 1: were asking you to hang out with us on air.

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Speaker 1: I just want to give your bona fides for the audience.

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Speaker 1: I'll keep it brief so it's not, you know, too

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Speaker 1: embarrassing or anything. But you have to be away for this,

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Speaker 1: fellow ridiculous historians, our pale. Jorge doctor cham is not

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Speaker 1: only the creator of the fantastic web comic strip Piled

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Speaker 1: Higher and Deeper short name PhD Comics, but is also

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Speaker 1: a PhD grad from Stanford University has published multiple books.

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Speaker 1: You've worked with in PR You created the PBS Kids

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Speaker 1: series Eleanor Wonders Why. Most recently, you have masterminded the

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Speaker 1: new podcast Science Stuff, which ask deep questions in a

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Speaker 1: I think one of the things that amazes me the

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Speaker 1: most personally about it is how you are able to

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Speaker 1: take very complex concepts and break them down into an approachable,

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Speaker 1: understandable way, which is really we always say it right

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Speaker 1: in science. That's the hallmark of that's the hallmark really

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Speaker 1: knowing what you're talking about, being able to elegantly explain it.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, you know, it's a super fun show. Signce stuff.

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Speaker 4: We just try to make science fun and accessible.

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Speaker 3: You know.

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Speaker 4: We start with very interesting and fascinating questions that you know,

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Speaker 4: we think everyone wants to know the answer. Do you

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Speaker 4: like is your dog lying to you?

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Speaker 3: Yes? Really definitely? Is? That's right?

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Speaker 4: That's right? It might be pet dependent or questions like

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Speaker 4: do you really have to wait thirty minutes after eating

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Speaker 4: to go swimming? You know, I think we all need

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Speaker 4: to know.

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Speaker 3: That yes, yeah, do you have pets?

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Speaker 4: Do I have pets?

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Speaker 3: Sort of?

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Speaker 4: I have kids? Does that count? Oh wait, I'm sorry,

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Speaker 4: I forgot. I'm also true?

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Speaker 3: Also true. Well, you know it's funny.

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Speaker 2: We we actually come from a similar background that we

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Speaker 2: didn't go to Stanford uh and we are not PhDs,

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Speaker 2: but we did come from the stuff world of Internet

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Speaker 2: explaining edutainment as we like to call it, the house

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Speaker 2: stuff works family of you know, articles and podcasts that

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Speaker 2: are other podcast stuff that I want you to know

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Speaker 2: is one of and ridiculous history really is spiritually is

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Speaker 2: kind of like a continuation of that.

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Speaker 3: Whole sort of de mystification through exploration, you.

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Speaker 2: Know in podcast form, and you know, science stuff is

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Speaker 2: absolutely a continuation of that de mystification exploration.

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Speaker 4: Yes, yes, on this podcast as well.

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Speaker 1: Now or hey, as we're as we're diving into some

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Speaker 1: of these big questions history of brain science, the history

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Speaker 1: of the the Big Bang theory not the TV show

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Speaker 1: and other heady concepts, could you tell us a little

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Speaker 1: bit about your your own origin story in your words,

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Speaker 1: because I think it's something that would be quite amazing

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Speaker 1: for our audience.

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Speaker 4: Yeah. Yeah, sure, what's the ridiculous history of forehead champ?

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Speaker 3: Here we go.

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Speaker 4: So I was born and raised in Panama. Actually my

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Speaker 4: grandparents were from China, but they emigrated there. My parents

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Speaker 4: were born there. They worked for the Panama Canal. I

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Speaker 4: worked there one summer. Superb Yeah, okay, actually it was

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Speaker 4: really bored. I worked in like the AC, like the HVAC,

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Speaker 4: you know, design department.

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Speaker 3: I feel like they probably do need a lot of

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Speaker 3: air con.

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Speaker 4: They did, that's right, it is critical to keeping us cool.

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Speaker 4: But yeah, then I came to the US. I went

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Speaker 4: to actually Georgia, tig to study engineering which is near

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Speaker 4: where you all are. And then I went and then

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Speaker 4: I decided I wanted to study robotics. I was like,

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Speaker 4: wait a minute, you can get a job making robots.

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Speaker 4: I was like, yeah, sign me up.

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Speaker 2: If I could just interject really quickly, I'd love to

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Speaker 2: get your hot take on the state of robotics and

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Speaker 2: specifically some pretty funny pr let's say kerfuffles involving Elon

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Speaker 2: Musk's company, and like robots that are supposed to be

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Speaker 2: sentient and self propelled but are actually being remote controlled

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Speaker 2: by interns from other rooms.

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Speaker 3: Any thoughts on.

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Speaker 4: That, poor he Yeah, I think we're all doomed. Friends,

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Speaker 4: these are the ones pulling the strings. Robots look pretty

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Speaker 4: pretty amazing. I have to say, I didn't think we

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Speaker 4: get there so quickly. You know, It's part of the

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Speaker 4: reason I kind of changed fields. But yeah, it's pretty

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Speaker 4: amazing what they can do now and how they can

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Speaker 4: basically move with humans around the world.

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Speaker 2: Well, I guess what I was getting at those is,

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Speaker 2: you know, they are definitely mechanically amazing, but I don't

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Speaker 2: know that they're fully there yet in terms of you know,

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Speaker 2: the singularity and all of that, because you know, Elon's

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Speaker 2: having them kind of serve drinks as bartenders with the

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Speaker 2: impression that they're actually doing all of this on their own.

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Speaker 2: But then there are actually folks like remote controlling piloting

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Speaker 2: them from other places. And I just don't think that's

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Speaker 2: it's a funny.

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Speaker 4: I think it might be a little over hype right now,

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Speaker 4: but I think we're almost there, you know, Like just

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Speaker 4: imagine taking all that AI that's happening online and then

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Speaker 4: putting it on a robot, and you're gonna have robots

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Speaker 4: drawing us as studio ghibli in.

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Speaker 1: Like a week probably, yes, And then they'll also be

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Speaker 1: able to set up on you know, the boardwalk of

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Speaker 1: your local tourist attraction New age. Right now, what we're

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Speaker 1: talking we're talking about how I'd love that you mentioned there, Orge,

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Speaker 1: that these breakthroughs and innovations arrived much more quickly than

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Speaker 1: previous scientific consensus had concluded. When we tell the story

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Speaker 1: of robots, Noelt's see if I can pull off this segue.

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Speaker 1: We're talking about a culmination of a vast, vast chasm

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Speaker 1: of history, and it's fascinating to me, and I think

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Speaker 1: to all of us that human beings are now creating

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Speaker 1: technology that arguably human beings themselves don't fully understand. And

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Speaker 1: that question only becomes more interesting when we think about

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Speaker 1: the origin story, not just of you, Orgey, not just

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Speaker 1: of our silly little show, but the origin of what

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Speaker 1: we call the universe. And I must confess not being

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Speaker 1: the brightest crayon in the box, I have often been

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Speaker 1: amazed by how how much scientific rigor goes into understanding

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Speaker 1: the history of the universe until you get to a

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Speaker 1: certain point, and some of the smartest people in the

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Speaker 1: world will say, yeah at one point, and then the universe,

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Speaker 1: so what is.

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Speaker 3: The Big Bang?

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Speaker 4: Yeah? The Big Bang is this theory that like everything

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Speaker 4: that you see in the universe right now, like all

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Speaker 4: the stars and planets and galaxies, everything out there, and

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Speaker 4: all the stuff that you can't even see or field,

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Speaker 4: all that, at some point about fourteen billion years ago,

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Speaker 4: was crammed into a space smaller than a pinhead. So

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Speaker 4: imagine all those trillions of stars out there crammed the

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Speaker 4: small space like that, and actually should be smaller, but

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Speaker 4: a pinnate is usually the smallest thing people can imagine.

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Speaker 4: And then at fourteen billion years ago, it all just

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Speaker 4: kind of suddenly expanded and exploded out into the universe

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Speaker 4: we see today. That's the basic gist of it.

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Speaker 3: Okay, now, cool, got it?

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Speaker 2: Sorry, I got some questions, just.

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Speaker 3: A couple of.

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Speaker 2: How they get everything so small, How they get everything

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Speaker 2: so small and then then became regular sized or like

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Speaker 2: way bigger than regular size. I don't understand. I'm sorry,

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Speaker 2: my pen sized brain cannot.

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Speaker 1: This is a This is currently the most widely still

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Speaker 1: accepted theory right now. How did people begin sort of

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Speaker 1: coalescing and agree on this? Is there a pivotal moment

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Speaker 1: where someone particular academic or something found irrefutable proof of

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Speaker 1: the Big Bang? Yeah?

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Speaker 4: Yeah, it's a super fascinating story. It involves like Einstein

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Speaker 4: being sketchy with this math. It involves people discovering things

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Speaker 4: through pigeonproof. It's really kind of an interesting story.

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Speaker 3: We're in.

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Speaker 4: Pigeon poop. Yeah, yeah, that usually gets people going there.

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Speaker 4: But you know, like if you think about like hundreds

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Speaker 4: of years ago or even before, like the nineteenth century,

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Speaker 4: when you look down into the night sky, you just

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Speaker 4: see stars, right, You just pinpoint to stars, and you

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Speaker 4: actually don't see that many, and they're all pretty static, right,

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Speaker 4: Like they're not moving like the Earth moves, and so

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Speaker 4: they move them the sky. But you know, a year

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Speaker 4: after year you look at these stars and they're basically

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Speaker 4: the same, like the constellations are still the same. So

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Speaker 4: I think mostly for the throughout of human history, people thought, oh,

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Speaker 4: the universe is just the way it is, and maybe

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Speaker 4: it's always been like that, or maybe it got created

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Speaker 4: in a snap by some deity, but it's not really changing,

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Speaker 4: and it's kind of like that's all you can see

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Speaker 4: a few stars, so maybe that's the whole universe, right,

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Speaker 4: because like if the universe was had more stars, we

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Speaker 4: would see them, right yeah. And so that's what mostly

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Speaker 4: people thought. But then one interesting one, it was moment.

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Speaker 4: One interesting moment was in the nineteen ten when Einstein

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Speaker 4: was like working out how gravity works, how physics works,

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Speaker 4: and he sort of came out with this theory about

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Speaker 4: the whole universe called general relativity, and the theory kind

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Speaker 4: of told him something weird, which is that the universe

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Speaker 4: should be either shrinking or expanding. Those were kind of

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Speaker 4: the two options. And he's like, whoaha, whoa, that's that's crazy.

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Speaker 4: I mean, Einstein, but even for me, that's crazy. Either

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Speaker 4: or right, yeah, or kind yeah, basically that's what the

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Speaker 4: math kind of told him. And you know, he looked

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Speaker 4: out at the sky and he thought, we're not shrinking,

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Speaker 4: we're not expanding. Something weater. So there's something famous called

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Speaker 4: the Einstein fudge factor. So like he just like added

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Speaker 4: a number at the end of the equation to make

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Speaker 4: it seem like the universe was not changing at all.

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Speaker 3: Hey, God, isn't that kind of bad science?

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Speaker 2: Like isn't that sort of like an example of someone

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Speaker 2: having a pre conceived idea about something and just sort

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Speaker 2: of being like, nah.

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Speaker 3: No, let's just fix it so that this is the

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Speaker 3: result that we get.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, yeah, it's not great. It doesn't look good on Einstein,

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Speaker 4: And later on in his life he basically called it

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Speaker 4: like the biggest blunder of his life, of his career.

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Speaker 4: So he added this fudge factor. And then in nineteen

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Speaker 4: twenty four, people kind of figured out that the universe

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Speaker 4: was bigger than it seemed. So like when you look

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Speaker 4: at into the nice Guy, you see stars, but you

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Speaker 4: also see these kind of like fuzzy things. They look

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Speaker 4: like little cotton balls, and people that just thought like, oh,

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Speaker 4: those are like gas clouds, right, Like there's just like

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Speaker 4: little fuzzy things in the universe. But then someone called

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Speaker 4: Edwin Hubble, for whom the Hubble Telescope is named, basically

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Speaker 4: figured out that these things are not fuzzy clouds of gas.

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Speaker 4: There are actually galaxies, and so there's this guy is

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Speaker 4: just full of these galaxies. So basically our universe went

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Speaker 4: from like we're like about the size of the Milky

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Speaker 4: Way to like, we're trillions of times bigger than that.

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Speaker 2: And think if it is like being able to zoom

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Speaker 2: in and zoom in and zoom in, and every time

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Speaker 2: you zoom there's another layer with more stuff and more stuff.

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Speaker 4: Right, Yeah, Yeah, it kind of blew people's mind. And

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Speaker 4: that's that's.

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Speaker 1: The observable universe, right, which we'll come to find. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: could you tell us a little bit about because I

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Speaker 1: think it's a phrase that can be misleading to a

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Speaker 1: lot of lay folk. You hear the phrase observable universe

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Speaker 1: and you automatically think, yeah, man, I got up earlier today.

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Speaker 1: I observed all kinds of stuff there. So what is

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Speaker 1: the observable universe? Why is that an important concept?

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Speaker 4: Yeah? Yeah, Basically it turns out that the universe is

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Speaker 4: so big we can't see all of it yet, like

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Speaker 4: there are parts of the universe that are so far

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Speaker 4: away that we haven't been able to see them. A

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Speaker 4: because the light light has a speed it and b

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Speaker 4: because the universe is not infinitely old. We figured out

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Speaker 4: that the universe is fourteen billion years old, so basically

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Speaker 4: we can only see things that have been able to

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Speaker 4: get to us in those fourteen billion years.

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Speaker 2: Because if I'm not mistaken, I'm looking at a cool

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Speaker 2: little pictogramograph of the Big Bang expansion, and it's sort

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Speaker 2: of a timeline as well, because it's sort of this

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Speaker 2: cone shaped whether they'm on one end, they sort of

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Speaker 2: tapers into like this flat circle. And the first stars

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Speaker 2: are calculated to have formed four hundred million years ago,

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Speaker 2: and those are the ones that were like, those are

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Speaker 2: the ones that we are like seeing or those are

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Speaker 2: the ones that we have not seen yet. I'm just like,

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Speaker 2: because it is a time travel equation as well, right,

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Speaker 2: because of the way light works.

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Speaker 3: So I'm just trying to wrap my head around there.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, yeah, yeah, So stars are being made all the

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Speaker 4: time in the universe, and then they have been been

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Speaker 4: made all throughout the history of the universe, and stars

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Speaker 4: also die have been dying throughout the universe of stars explode,

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Speaker 4: some of them just kind of taper on and simmer

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Speaker 4: for a long time. So the stars you're seeing, they

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Speaker 4: could have been born, Like, if they're close to us,

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Speaker 4: they were probably born recently. If they were really far away,

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Speaker 4: they were probably born a long time ago.

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Speaker 3: That's kind of cool.

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Speaker 1: It's it's one of my favorite things to think about

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Speaker 1: whenever I can get away from the light pollution so

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Speaker 1: abiquitous in in you know, various human cities. Uh, I

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Speaker 1: don't know the answers that I think you have explained

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Speaker 1: it in the best way.

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Speaker 3: I have heard. Sorry, Carl communications on this one.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, can you tell us a little bit about how

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Speaker 2: the concept of dark energy plays into this. I've always

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Speaker 2: been fascinated with dark matter and dark energy. But isn't

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Speaker 2: that that's a force that aids or in some way

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Speaker 2: has contributed to this whole expansion.

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Speaker 3: Yeah proposition, Yeah.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, absolutely, Well, probably the best thing we know about

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Speaker 4: dark energy is that it has a cool name, and

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Speaker 4: then and that's about it. It's actually related to the

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Speaker 4: Big Bang as well. So kind of picking up the

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Speaker 4: story in the nineteenineteen twenty nine, Hubble not only discovered

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Speaker 4: that those fuzzy things were galaxies. He also discovered that

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Speaker 4: they were moving away from us. So, you know, like

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Speaker 4: if you've heard of the Doppler shift, the fact like

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Speaker 4: kind of what cops used to measure your velocity when

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Speaker 4: you're speeding down the highway. Obviously always within the speed limit,

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Speaker 4: but that's how measure your.

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Speaker 2: So you can also hear it in an audio form

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Speaker 2: as sound source moves away from you, it is interpreted

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Speaker 2: as almost like a pitched kind of envelope, like it

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Speaker 2: sort of changes in pitch as it moves away, which

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Speaker 2: I believe is an oral representation of the Doppler.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, that is exactly.

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Speaker 1: Is this related to what's called wretch?

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Speaker 4: Exactly, That's what it is.

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Speaker 3: Yeah.

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Speaker 4: So like you know, like when an ambulance is driving

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Speaker 4: towards you, it kind of sounds like higher pitch, but

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Speaker 4: it's a move that's a mooves passed you away from you.

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Speaker 4: It sounds a little bit lower woo woo woo. The

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Speaker 4: same thing is happening with light because light kind of

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Speaker 4: behaves like a wave, and so you can tell from

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Speaker 4: the redshift of the light of galaxies that they're moving

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Speaker 4: away from us.

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Speaker 1: That is both fascinating and frightening for some reason I

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Speaker 1: cannot I cannot yet articulate.

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Speaker 3: In this language.

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Speaker 1: So the universe is running away from us. Anybody with

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Speaker 1: abandonment issues just think about that.

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Speaker 3: True?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, well, and how does this affect us in a

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Speaker 2: functional way? Like it's super interesting and knowing about all

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Speaker 2: this history, but is this something that that is there

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Speaker 2: is sort of an actionable you know, effects in our

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Speaker 2: in our daily lives kinda.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, So, so how they measure the galaxies are all

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Speaker 4: moving away from everything's moving away from each other, but

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Speaker 4: from our perspective, it looks like it's moving away from us.

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Speaker 4: And so that's how they extrapolated the Big Bang. Basically,

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Speaker 4: like if everything's moving apart, if you just run the

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Speaker 4: clock back, that means everything at some point was really

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Speaker 4: scrunched together. And that's kind of the Big Bang. And

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Speaker 4: that's kind of what dark energy is, which is that

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Speaker 4: A little bit later, or actually kind of recently, they

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Speaker 4: found that the galaxies they are not just moving away

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Speaker 4: from us, They're getting faster and faster. It's like they're

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Speaker 4: not just moving away from us. It's like they're hitting

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Speaker 4: the pedal to the medal, trying to get away from us.

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Speaker 4: As fast as possible.

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Speaker 3: Wow, well we've all seen Earth.

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Speaker 4: We can't play, you know, we will see what's going on.

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Speaker 2: I'd have to imagine that has to do with some

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Speaker 2: sort of like exponential curve perhaps, or just some the

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Speaker 2: way things sort of like over time, you know, kind

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Speaker 2: of the curve sort of becomes steeper. And I don't

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Speaker 2: know me trying to put it in. I'm a sound guy,

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Speaker 2: so maybe I'm thinking of it in those terms. But

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Speaker 2: can you explain a little bit about why non occurs?

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Speaker 3: The soul's speeding up?

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Speaker 4: Yeah, so the universe is expanding faster and faster and

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Speaker 4: nobody knows why. And that big question mark about why.

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Speaker 4: That's what scientists call dark energy, because you're like, you

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Speaker 4: need something to be pressing the pedal on these galaxies,

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Speaker 4: something's like, you know, pushing them away and the and

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Speaker 4: so you need some kind of force, some kind of energy,

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Speaker 4: and so they don't know what it is, so they

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Speaker 4: just call it dark energy.

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Speaker 1: So if the if the world's brightest minds, the eggheads

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Speaker 1: and the boffins, if they're like police investigators on the

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Speaker 1: case of universe expansion, they've got this big board right

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Speaker 1: with their suspects. You know, there's there's a little thumbnail

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Speaker 1: picture of gravity there pictures a strong weak nuclear force.

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Speaker 1: They've got this one picture that's just a question mark

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Speaker 1: and they wrote dark energy.

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Speaker 4: Yeah. Basically, well they call it dark because you can't

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Speaker 4: see it, and it's an energy because it's like causing acceleration,

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Speaker 4: it's causing things to move. Uh, And it's kind of

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Speaker 4: really relevant to us because we since we don't know

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Speaker 4: what it is, we don't know what it's going to

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Speaker 4: do in the future. So like in the future, dark

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Speaker 4: energy might be like, oh, you know what I'm done,

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Speaker 4: I'm gonna stop accelerating the universe, in which case then

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Speaker 4: gravity might take over the whole universe and then scrunches

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Speaker 4: down back into a little tiny spot fun like at

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Speaker 4: the Big Bang.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, oh no, reverse Big Bang. Yeah.

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Speaker 4: They called it the Big Crunch, very imagination, a big crunch.

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Speaker 3: Not to be confused with the serial brand.

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Speaker 1: That's that must be the h that must be what

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Speaker 1: gave me that terrifying, inexplicable sense of unease.

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Speaker 4: So you don't know what it's going to do, yeah,

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Speaker 4: nor when right or when. Yeah, it might be tomorrow,

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Speaker 4: it might be in the trillion years, and nobody knows.

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Speaker 1: Oh my gosh, everybody be nice to your friends. Just

391
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Speaker 1: in case.

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Speaker 2: Can you tell us a little bit about this guy,

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Speaker 2: George I believe. I'm sorry, I'm maybe over on saying

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Speaker 2: his name, but it's my understanding that his paper is

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Speaker 2: what kind of solidified some of the first discussions of

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Speaker 2: the Big Bang theory that were then kind of accepted.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, yeah, sort of. So like if we go back

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Speaker 4: to the point where we didn't know what those fuzzy

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Speaker 4: things in this guy were, So we could see these

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Speaker 4: fuzzy things in the sky, and we could tell that

401
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Speaker 4: they were red shifted. So like they because they were

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Speaker 4: moving away from us. The light kind of gets slower

403
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Speaker 4: and so it turns red. When light gets slower, it

404
00:22:29,480 --> 00:22:31,840
Speaker 4: turns red, and so they, like we could tell these

405
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Speaker 4: things were red shifted and so moving away from us.

406
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Speaker 4: And so he was a guy who kind of floated

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Speaker 4: the idea that maybe means things are moving away from

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Speaker 4: us and maybe means things are expanding.

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Speaker 1: And to date, when we're talking about concepts like this, right,

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Speaker 1: we are able to gather a lot of data.

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Speaker 3: We are able.

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Speaker 1: To draw or construct our most reasonable national theories about it.

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Speaker 1: But as anybody reading pop science in the news today

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Speaker 1: or throughout history knows there for one person that makes

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Speaker 1: an agreed upon, you know, going theory, there are easily

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Speaker 1: a rogues gallery of dozens of other people who come

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Speaker 1: up and say, yeah, but what if I had another idea?

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Speaker 1: So I would love to hear just from your expertise,

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Speaker 1: would love to hear some of your favorite alternative explanations

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Speaker 1: for the universe, because I know, you know, science stuff

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Speaker 1: has been talking about black holes quite recently. One of

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Speaker 1: one theory that I think came back into resurgence quite

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Speaker 1: recently was a group of scientists Now I'll have to

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Speaker 1: find their names who proposed that proposed an old theory

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Speaker 1: that the universe was not created by a big bang,

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Speaker 1: but instead dwells within somehow within a super massive black hole.

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Speaker 3: What are you?

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Speaker 1: What are your Some of your favorite alternative theories bonus

429
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Speaker 1: points were crazy?

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Speaker 4: Yeah, well, I think that ranks up pretty high. So

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Speaker 4: we recently did an episode on scigence stuff about what

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Speaker 4: could be inside of a black hole and we had

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Speaker 4: we had five theories and this was number five, like

434
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Speaker 4: like the most craziest one, and the is that you know,

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Speaker 4: if you take a black hole and you throw two

436
00:24:26,600 --> 00:24:28,960
Speaker 4: rocks into it, Like you throw a rock in one

437
00:24:28,960 --> 00:24:32,520
Speaker 4: direction and a rock in the other direction. They're both

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Speaker 4: going to fall down to the center, but near the

439
00:24:36,680 --> 00:24:39,119
Speaker 4: center of the black hole, those rocks are going to

440
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Speaker 4: be moving so much that one of them is actually

441
00:24:44,520 --> 00:24:46,960
Speaker 4: going to kind of curve around the center of the

442
00:24:46,960 --> 00:24:51,040
Speaker 4: black hole inside of what's called the singularity and actually

443
00:24:51,800 --> 00:24:53,960
Speaker 4: hit the other rock that you threw in that was

444
00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:56,920
Speaker 4: going the other way. Because everything gets warped inside of

445
00:24:56,920 --> 00:24:59,200
Speaker 4: a black hole down to a point. So those two

446
00:24:59,240 --> 00:25:01,359
Speaker 4: rocks are going to hit each other, and they're going

447
00:25:01,440 --> 00:25:04,280
Speaker 4: to hit each other with so much energy that it's

448
00:25:04,320 --> 00:25:08,439
Speaker 4: going to have the same or more energy than what

449
00:25:08,600 --> 00:25:11,680
Speaker 4: was at the Big Bang. And so scientists think like, oh, whoa,

450
00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:14,359
Speaker 4: So these are just two rocks hitting each other inside

451
00:25:14,359 --> 00:25:16,720
Speaker 4: of a black hole, and it's probably happening all the

452
00:25:16,760 --> 00:25:19,120
Speaker 4: time in every black hole that we know out there,

453
00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:22,399
Speaker 4: and it's energy as big as a Big Bang. Maybe

454
00:25:22,440 --> 00:25:25,879
Speaker 4: that's how our universe started, Like our universe could just

455
00:25:25,920 --> 00:25:28,600
Speaker 4: be two rocks hitting each other inside of a black hole,

456
00:25:28,600 --> 00:25:30,760
Speaker 4: and that's where that's that's where we are right now,

457
00:25:31,160 --> 00:25:34,240
Speaker 4: and inside of our universe you can have more black

458
00:25:34,280 --> 00:25:37,679
Speaker 4: holes with more universes and instead of those universes, you

459
00:25:37,720 --> 00:25:40,560
Speaker 4: can have more black holes with more universes inside of them.

460
00:25:40,840 --> 00:25:42,840
Speaker 2: Not to get too like sci fi about it, I guess,

461
00:25:42,880 --> 00:25:46,239
Speaker 2: but given that potential for all of these infinite you know,

462
00:25:46,320 --> 00:25:49,560
Speaker 2: other universes, doesn't it seem a little bit kind of

463
00:25:49,760 --> 00:25:52,560
Speaker 2: I don't know, self centered to think that this is

464
00:25:52,600 --> 00:25:55,240
Speaker 2: the only universe that supports life and that this is

465
00:25:55,240 --> 00:25:57,960
Speaker 2: the only universe that has like, you know, stuff going

466
00:25:58,040 --> 00:26:02,119
Speaker 2: for it. Always kind of had a hard time accepting that. Like,

467
00:26:02,200 --> 00:26:05,119
Speaker 2: I don't know if I believe in extraterrestrials and not

468
00:26:05,280 --> 00:26:07,720
Speaker 2: much more of an atheist and agnostic than any kind

469
00:26:07,720 --> 00:26:09,960
Speaker 2: of religious person, but I have a hard time believing

470
00:26:10,359 --> 00:26:14,800
Speaker 2: that this is all there is, given these infinite possibilities. Yeah.

471
00:26:14,960 --> 00:26:17,440
Speaker 4: Yeah, and that's not even getting into like the multiverse,

472
00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:22,479
Speaker 4: which is like this, yeah, his ex version of multiple universe.

473
00:26:22,600 --> 00:26:24,720
Speaker 4: This is like the actual just in our universe, there

474
00:26:24,720 --> 00:26:28,760
Speaker 4: could be other universes and other people in those as well,

475
00:26:29,119 --> 00:26:29,880
Speaker 4: a world.

476
00:26:29,600 --> 00:26:32,240
Speaker 1: In a grain of sands, right, as they used to say,

477
00:26:32,440 --> 00:26:36,439
Speaker 1: this is okay, this is fascinating. First off, again, not

478
00:26:36,520 --> 00:26:40,800
Speaker 1: being an expert, I love the Douglas Adams Hitchhiker's Guide

479
00:26:40,920 --> 00:26:44,600
Speaker 1: vibe of explaining the universe as two rocks bumped together

480
00:26:45,119 --> 00:26:49,879
Speaker 1: and then everything happens. This, also, I think, leads us

481
00:26:49,920 --> 00:26:55,280
Speaker 1: to a fantastic and natural segue on something that has

482
00:26:55,320 --> 00:26:58,679
Speaker 1: been an area of fascination for ourselves and a lot

483
00:26:58,720 --> 00:27:02,320
Speaker 1: of our audience members for a long time, quantum physics.

484
00:27:02,600 --> 00:27:07,240
Speaker 1: We've been circulating this clip from a fantastic professor named

485
00:27:07,920 --> 00:27:13,440
Speaker 1: Rama Murty Shenkar, and he had this line where he's

486
00:27:13,680 --> 00:27:17,800
Speaker 1: speaking with his students and it's the day they start

487
00:27:18,320 --> 00:27:22,920
Speaker 1: studying quantum physics, and he says, here's my goal. Right now,

488
00:27:23,080 --> 00:27:26,879
Speaker 1: I'm the only one who doesn't understand quantum mechanics. In

489
00:27:26,920 --> 00:27:31,000
Speaker 1: about seven days, all of you will also be unable

490
00:27:31,040 --> 00:27:32,919
Speaker 1: to understand quantum mechanics.

491
00:27:34,280 --> 00:27:37,919
Speaker 4: The famous physicist Richard Feinman is famously quoted as saying, like,

492
00:27:38,200 --> 00:27:41,520
Speaker 4: if you think you understand quantum physics, you don't understand

493
00:27:41,600 --> 00:27:44,520
Speaker 4: quantum physics basically, like, not even the smartest people in

494
00:27:44,600 --> 00:27:47,040
Speaker 4: the world really understand it.

495
00:27:47,480 --> 00:27:48,959
Speaker 2: Yeah, And I guess that's what I was getting at

496
00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:51,600
Speaker 2: in terms of, you know, there comes this crossover point

497
00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:55,119
Speaker 2: where you have to accept the things that you don't

498
00:27:55,160 --> 00:27:57,960
Speaker 2: know and Ben and I have often talked about, is

499
00:27:58,040 --> 00:28:01,560
Speaker 2: that the point where things become in the realm of

500
00:28:01,680 --> 00:28:05,240
Speaker 2: spirituality or in the realm of magic or all of that.

501
00:28:05,400 --> 00:28:06,680
Speaker 3: You know, it just seems like.

502
00:28:07,000 --> 00:28:09,520
Speaker 2: There has to be room for the things we don't know,

503
00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:13,560
Speaker 2: and what is the scientific communities perspective on that. The

504
00:28:13,560 --> 00:28:17,360
Speaker 2: guy that I mentioned earlier, this dude La maitre Belgian

505
00:28:18,680 --> 00:28:22,600
Speaker 2: astronomer or cosmologist. Rather, he was also deeply religious person

506
00:28:22,720 --> 00:28:24,520
Speaker 2: and you know, had a lot to do with talking

507
00:28:24,560 --> 00:28:27,239
Speaker 2: about this Big Bang theory stuff, but also kind of

508
00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:30,119
Speaker 2: looked at it in a way that reconciled it with

509
00:28:30,240 --> 00:28:33,000
Speaker 2: the creation of the universe, like in a religious sense.

510
00:28:33,280 --> 00:28:35,359
Speaker 2: I just wonder what your thoughts are around around that

511
00:28:35,680 --> 00:28:38,080
Speaker 2: and where those worlds meet and if there's room for

512
00:28:38,160 --> 00:28:39,520
Speaker 2: these worlds to coexist.

513
00:28:39,720 --> 00:28:42,040
Speaker 4: Yeah, yeah, well well I should I say, well, I

514
00:28:42,040 --> 00:28:45,080
Speaker 4: should sort of clarify so people don't understand quantum mechanics

515
00:28:45,120 --> 00:28:49,320
Speaker 4: because it's like it's based on math that's very unintuitive

516
00:28:49,360 --> 00:28:51,760
Speaker 4: to us, Like we're not trained, like our brains get

517
00:28:51,880 --> 00:28:54,800
Speaker 4: involved to really kind of have an intuitive feel for

518
00:28:55,080 --> 00:28:57,840
Speaker 4: like things that are random and things that are in

519
00:28:57,840 --> 00:29:00,760
Speaker 4: two places at the same time, or they have probability

520
00:29:00,760 --> 00:29:02,360
Speaker 4: of being at the same place at the same time

521
00:29:04,600 --> 00:29:08,560
Speaker 4: in this universe. And so most of what people know

522
00:29:08,600 --> 00:29:12,280
Speaker 4: about quantum physics comes from experiments. So like, if you

523
00:29:12,360 --> 00:29:15,160
Speaker 4: run experiments, this is what the universe tells you. That's

524
00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:17,800
Speaker 4: how things are. And so when people say they don't

525
00:29:17,920 --> 00:29:20,880
Speaker 4: understand it, it's like people are saying, like, well, it's

526
00:29:20,920 --> 00:29:23,920
Speaker 4: crazy that it is that way, but that's you know,

527
00:29:23,960 --> 00:29:27,240
Speaker 4: if you poke at the universe, that's what it shows

528
00:29:27,280 --> 00:29:31,000
Speaker 4: you how it is. And so it's experimentally based. This

529
00:29:31,040 --> 00:29:34,000
Speaker 4: is what I wanted to just clarify. But yeah, I

530
00:29:34,040 --> 00:29:38,120
Speaker 4: think science is very clear, and scientists are very good

531
00:29:38,120 --> 00:29:43,880
Speaker 4: at saying only things or believing in things, only in

532
00:29:43,960 --> 00:29:47,880
Speaker 4: things that they know they can prove with experiment. Yeah.

533
00:29:48,120 --> 00:29:52,800
Speaker 1: Yeah, we've often I try to condense that thought down,

534
00:29:52,960 --> 00:29:58,840
Speaker 1: often by explain it this way. Science attempts to answer

535
00:29:59,160 --> 00:30:04,840
Speaker 1: how thing occurs, right, and spirituality metaphysics, who could call it,

536
00:30:04,880 --> 00:30:09,719
Speaker 1: attempts to address why that occurs. So the how and

537
00:30:09,760 --> 00:30:13,880
Speaker 1: the why can sometimes seem quite separated. And then when

538
00:30:13,920 --> 00:30:17,520
Speaker 1: you get to the bleeding edges of physics and our understanding,

539
00:30:17,560 --> 00:30:22,040
Speaker 1: the two things get weirdly combined, you know. And I've

540
00:30:22,080 --> 00:30:25,680
Speaker 1: do it since we'd audio podcast, I'm doing little hand gestures.

541
00:30:27,400 --> 00:30:29,600
Speaker 2: Yeah, and I think that just the last thing on

542
00:30:29,640 --> 00:30:31,880
Speaker 2: this la maitre dudes and just fascinating to me. I

543
00:30:31,920 --> 00:30:33,480
Speaker 2: want to dig more into him. He had this to

544
00:30:33,520 --> 00:30:35,360
Speaker 2: say about exactly what you're talking about. As far as

545
00:30:35,400 --> 00:30:37,560
Speaker 2: I can see, such a theory, talking about Big Bang

546
00:30:38,000 --> 00:30:42,120
Speaker 2: remains entirely outside any metaphysical or religious question. It leaves

547
00:30:42,160 --> 00:30:46,120
Speaker 2: the materialist free to deny any transcendental being. For the believer,

548
00:30:46,480 --> 00:30:50,120
Speaker 2: it removes any attempt at familiarity with God. It is

549
00:30:50,200 --> 00:30:54,040
Speaker 2: consonant with Isaiah speaking of the hidden God, hidden even in.

550
00:30:54,040 --> 00:30:55,920
Speaker 3: The beginning of the universe. I just think that's a

551
00:30:56,040 --> 00:30:56,959
Speaker 3: badass quote.

552
00:30:57,200 --> 00:31:00,880
Speaker 4: Yeah, yeah, I mean there are definitely things that are

553
00:31:01,440 --> 00:31:05,400
Speaker 4: beyond what scientists can say or even understand, and and

554
00:31:05,440 --> 00:31:08,920
Speaker 4: there are things that may possibly never be able to

555
00:31:08,960 --> 00:31:12,800
Speaker 4: be understood by scientists. But until then, you know, we

556
00:31:13,000 --> 00:31:17,000
Speaker 4: just gotta use our best approach to understanding the world,

557
00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:20,000
Speaker 4: which is science. It's better than making things, so it.

558
00:31:20,000 --> 00:31:21,280
Speaker 3: Is, no doubt it is.

559
00:31:21,400 --> 00:31:24,200
Speaker 1: It's it's that even if you add a little bit

560
00:31:24,240 --> 00:31:25,240
Speaker 1: of fudge.

561
00:31:25,200 --> 00:31:29,760
Speaker 4: To your equation, Yeah, yeah, it happens, you know. It happens.

562
00:31:29,760 --> 00:31:30,680
Speaker 4: We're just humans.

563
00:31:31,040 --> 00:31:33,600
Speaker 3: I love these It happens while.

564
00:31:33,320 --> 00:31:42,240
Speaker 4: We're on much happens.

565
00:31:41,360 --> 00:31:46,040
Speaker 1: Or a could you tell us about the history of

566
00:31:46,120 --> 00:31:49,760
Speaker 1: quantum physics. We know that there's something afoot right with

567
00:31:49,920 --> 00:31:54,080
Speaker 1: the double slit experiment. The other the other concept and

568
00:31:54,160 --> 00:31:58,600
Speaker 1: popular culture would be like Schrodinger's cat. For instance, when

569
00:31:58,800 --> 00:32:04,240
Speaker 1: did people really start clocking onto this idea of quantum

570
00:32:04,240 --> 00:32:07,479
Speaker 1: physics and later quantum mechanics, Like was there was there

571
00:32:07,520 --> 00:32:10,160
Speaker 1: a light bulb moment? Was there like one guy or

572
00:32:10,720 --> 00:32:13,720
Speaker 1: one person who stood up and said, eureka, I'm in

573
00:32:13,800 --> 00:32:14,840
Speaker 1: two places at once.

574
00:32:15,880 --> 00:32:18,840
Speaker 4: Yeah, what's rarely like one guy or girl? You know,

575
00:32:18,880 --> 00:32:21,120
Speaker 4: it's usually a group of people. But what's fascinating about

576
00:32:21,160 --> 00:32:24,040
Speaker 4: quantum physics is it all? It also happened within the

577
00:32:24,120 --> 00:32:27,320
Speaker 4: same like ten years, ten, fifteen, twenty years at the

578
00:32:27,320 --> 00:32:29,680
Speaker 4: beginning of the nineteenth century. So the way I think

579
00:32:29,680 --> 00:32:33,160
Speaker 4: of physics is like think of coke, Coca Cola coke. Right,

580
00:32:33,240 --> 00:32:37,040
Speaker 4: there's classic coke and then there's New Coke. I guess

581
00:32:37,080 --> 00:32:40,200
Speaker 4: if you're old enough to remember new Cooke of Coke

582
00:32:40,320 --> 00:32:43,600
Speaker 4: zero didn't. New coke didn't do super super well. People

583
00:32:43,600 --> 00:32:46,560
Speaker 4: love Coke zero. I think that's better. Okay, there's classic coke,

584
00:32:46,760 --> 00:32:50,840
Speaker 4: there's a coke zero, and so classic coke is what

585
00:32:51,040 --> 00:32:55,480
Speaker 4: people call classical physics, like think of Newton and f

586
00:32:55,520 --> 00:32:59,280
Speaker 4: eicals Ma, And the best analogy is to think of

587
00:32:59,360 --> 00:33:03,280
Speaker 4: like a old table, like how the billiard balls knock

588
00:33:03,320 --> 00:33:05,040
Speaker 4: on each other, how they bounce each is how you

589
00:33:05,080 --> 00:33:07,719
Speaker 4: can like aim one and hit one at an angle

590
00:33:07,760 --> 00:33:10,360
Speaker 4: and know that which angle they're both gonna come off from.

591
00:33:10,720 --> 00:33:13,520
Speaker 4: That's like classical physics, and that's kind of how the

592
00:33:13,560 --> 00:33:17,120
Speaker 4: whole world around this to our eyes and ears works,

593
00:33:17,760 --> 00:33:19,760
Speaker 4: Like if I throw a ball at you, you're gonna

594
00:33:20,000 --> 00:33:21,720
Speaker 4: basically know where it's gonna go and you're gonna be

595
00:33:21,760 --> 00:33:24,840
Speaker 4: able to catch it right. And so that's classical physics,

596
00:33:25,200 --> 00:33:28,680
Speaker 4: very pretty simple stuff. But around the beginning of the

597
00:33:28,800 --> 00:33:31,840
Speaker 4: nineteenth century, the physicists started kind of looking closer at

598
00:33:31,840 --> 00:33:36,920
Speaker 4: things and noticing weird things, like they notice that the energy,

599
00:33:37,080 --> 00:33:39,920
Speaker 4: like the light that comes from something that's hot, it's

600
00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:42,120
Speaker 4: kind of weird, like there's some weird things about it.

601
00:33:42,560 --> 00:33:45,080
Speaker 4: They notice that like if you shine a light on

602
00:33:45,160 --> 00:33:50,000
Speaker 4: some metals, electrons will kind of pop off, but only

603
00:33:50,120 --> 00:33:53,840
Speaker 4: like it's certain frequencies of light or certain settings of light,

604
00:33:54,160 --> 00:33:56,320
Speaker 4: or it's not proportional to how much light you shine

605
00:33:56,320 --> 00:33:58,040
Speaker 4: on it, and so there are all these like weird

606
00:33:58,040 --> 00:34:01,400
Speaker 4: things at the microscopic level. So the thing about quantum

607
00:34:01,440 --> 00:34:04,640
Speaker 4: physics is that it really only sort of applies to

608
00:34:04,840 --> 00:34:08,000
Speaker 4: things at the quant the really really tiny like atomic

609
00:34:08,600 --> 00:34:11,680
Speaker 4: or close to atomic sizes. That's when you really see

610
00:34:11,719 --> 00:34:14,040
Speaker 4: the weird quantum stuff. Like in our everyday lies, we're

611
00:34:14,040 --> 00:34:15,759
Speaker 4: not gonna like your cat is not gonna be in

612
00:34:15,800 --> 00:34:17,879
Speaker 4: two places at the same time, if it's a live

613
00:34:17,960 --> 00:34:20,560
Speaker 4: or it's dead. It's one of those two things. But

614
00:34:20,600 --> 00:34:22,319
Speaker 4: if you get down to like atoms and you like

615
00:34:22,400 --> 00:34:24,879
Speaker 4: you ask, like, is where is this atom? You're gonna

616
00:34:24,880 --> 00:34:27,160
Speaker 4: get some weird answers like sometimes the atom is here,

617
00:34:27,239 --> 00:34:28,680
Speaker 4: but then you measure it a little bit later on

618
00:34:28,719 --> 00:34:32,560
Speaker 4: it's over there. And sometimes you measured a little bit

619
00:34:32,560 --> 00:34:34,120
Speaker 4: before where you thought it would be, but no, it's

620
00:34:34,120 --> 00:34:38,040
Speaker 4: over here. And that's when you get these weird quantum effects.

621
00:34:38,320 --> 00:34:43,200
Speaker 4: Reality seems negotiable. That's spooky, uh, because that's what we

622
00:34:43,239 --> 00:34:44,719
Speaker 4: call it, right, spooky Actually.

623
00:34:45,520 --> 00:34:48,400
Speaker 2: Is this is this where quantum entanglement comes in. Forgive

624
00:34:48,400 --> 00:34:50,000
Speaker 2: me if I'm jumping the shark here.

625
00:34:49,920 --> 00:34:53,080
Speaker 4: Yeah, yeah, yeah. So when people talk about like quantum physics,

626
00:34:53,120 --> 00:34:55,719
Speaker 4: they usually mean like a couple of like two or

627
00:34:55,760 --> 00:34:58,560
Speaker 4: three weird things of how things behave. One of them

628
00:34:58,640 --> 00:35:01,359
Speaker 4: is this idea that like things can be in two

629
00:35:01,400 --> 00:35:03,200
Speaker 4: places at the same time, or they can be up

630
00:35:03,239 --> 00:35:07,320
Speaker 4: and down at the same time. A quantum entangum quantum

631
00:35:07,440 --> 00:35:09,960
Speaker 4: entanglement is another one where like if you have two

632
00:35:10,080 --> 00:35:13,000
Speaker 4: fuzzy things, they can sort of and make them interact.

633
00:35:13,120 --> 00:35:15,719
Speaker 4: Now they're sort of coupled in this weird thing where

634
00:35:16,000 --> 00:35:18,080
Speaker 4: like if you take one cat that's maybe a labor

635
00:35:18,120 --> 00:35:20,239
Speaker 4: dead and another cat's maybe a labor dead, and you

636
00:35:20,280 --> 00:35:23,000
Speaker 4: have him interact, now you have like four possibilities, like

637
00:35:23,000 --> 00:35:25,399
Speaker 4: both cats could be delave, if both cats could be dead,

638
00:35:25,760 --> 00:35:28,440
Speaker 4: and so things just get kind of like complicated, and

639
00:35:28,480 --> 00:35:31,319
Speaker 4: all those possibilities are now happening at the same time.

640
00:35:31,800 --> 00:35:33,200
Speaker 3: So this is.

641
00:35:34,840 --> 00:35:37,959
Speaker 1: This is something that for a lot of people might

642
00:35:38,040 --> 00:35:43,520
Speaker 1: be dismissed as an academic truth. There's a series of observations.

643
00:35:43,560 --> 00:35:46,320
Speaker 1: You might read this in the paper or I guess

644
00:35:46,360 --> 00:35:48,920
Speaker 1: see it online or on your phone now, and then

645
00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:53,000
Speaker 1: you say, Okay, that's cool, but how does that apply

646
00:35:53,200 --> 00:35:56,760
Speaker 1: to me? And it feels like, the most immediate answer

647
00:35:56,960 --> 00:36:01,439
Speaker 1: to that now would be the ongoing breakthroughs in what

648
00:36:01,480 --> 00:36:04,640
Speaker 1: we call quantum computers. Could you tell us a little

649
00:36:04,640 --> 00:36:07,480
Speaker 1: bit about what a quantum computer is, or what quantum

650
00:36:07,480 --> 00:36:11,320
Speaker 1: computing is, how it differs from you know, the machines

651
00:36:11,360 --> 00:36:13,680
Speaker 1: we're using to record this episode.

652
00:36:13,280 --> 00:36:16,720
Speaker 4: Today, right right, Well, bet let me tell you something amazing,

653
00:36:17,760 --> 00:36:20,759
Speaker 4: which is that every computer is quantum.

654
00:36:22,239 --> 00:36:26,719
Speaker 2: Oh man, what this has to do with the processing power? Right?

655
00:36:26,840 --> 00:36:31,920
Speaker 4: Yeah. Basically, so the way microchips were sort of invented,

656
00:36:32,080 --> 00:36:35,160
Speaker 4: you know, we're talking about transistors in like silicone chips

657
00:36:35,160 --> 00:36:38,120
Speaker 4: and all that, that was all due to quantum physics.

658
00:36:38,520 --> 00:36:42,000
Speaker 4: So some dudes in Bill Labs back in the fifties

659
00:36:42,040 --> 00:36:44,920
Speaker 4: sixty seventies they're like, oh, there's this thing called quantum physics.

660
00:36:44,920 --> 00:36:46,839
Speaker 4: I wonder what we can do with that. And then

661
00:36:47,160 --> 00:36:49,759
Speaker 4: they thought, well, maybe we can make tiny little transistors

662
00:36:49,840 --> 00:36:54,720
Speaker 4: the size of several atoms. And that is the only

663
00:36:54,800 --> 00:36:59,680
Speaker 4: reason that we have iPhones and Internet and that we're

664
00:36:59,680 --> 00:37:01,560
Speaker 4: talking and people are listening to us right now.

665
00:37:02,200 --> 00:37:04,680
Speaker 1: Oh my gosh, guys, we're quantum. We just went quantum

666
00:37:04,760 --> 00:37:06,640
Speaker 1: of this episode. We have quantum left.

667
00:37:07,360 --> 00:37:09,280
Speaker 3: It's true. We quantum left the shark.

668
00:37:09,480 --> 00:37:12,759
Speaker 2: But when people talk about quantum computing, isn't that sort

669
00:37:12,760 --> 00:37:14,680
Speaker 2: of a stand in that maybe is a little bit

670
00:37:14,680 --> 00:37:17,319
Speaker 2: of a misnomer, but about just more and more exponentially

671
00:37:17,360 --> 00:37:18,759
Speaker 2: powerful processors.

672
00:37:18,880 --> 00:37:21,759
Speaker 4: Yeah, yeah, so I said, every computer is quantum, but

673
00:37:22,120 --> 00:37:25,560
Speaker 4: quantum computers are a different kind of computers that are

674
00:37:25,560 --> 00:37:29,200
Speaker 4: also quantum. But so it's a computer in which the

675
00:37:29,320 --> 00:37:32,920
Speaker 4: circuits are so so small that they're actually down like

676
00:37:32,960 --> 00:37:38,320
Speaker 4: at the single atom, single electron, or single sort of

677
00:37:38,400 --> 00:37:42,279
Speaker 4: quantum particle level. And so it turns out that when

678
00:37:42,320 --> 00:37:46,120
Speaker 4: you make a circuit with quantum particles, then you can

679
00:37:46,160 --> 00:37:49,520
Speaker 4: do quantum maths like you can do the math that

680
00:37:49,640 --> 00:37:53,080
Speaker 4: happens in the quantum universe, the quantum world, and that

681
00:37:53,280 --> 00:37:58,440
Speaker 4: math is really good at solving certain things. So it's

682
00:37:58,480 --> 00:38:02,240
Speaker 4: not probably not good for like video calling or listening

683
00:38:02,239 --> 00:38:06,040
Speaker 4: to podcasts, but it's like super incredibly good at, for example,

684
00:38:06,160 --> 00:38:09,319
Speaker 4: like breaking passwords cryptograph.

685
00:38:08,760 --> 00:38:11,240
Speaker 2: Because it can do it can just run so many

686
00:38:12,400 --> 00:38:15,839
Speaker 2: patterns like to the point where it'll it'll it'll more

687
00:38:15,920 --> 00:38:19,280
Speaker 2: or less process of elimination down to the correct solution

688
00:38:19,560 --> 00:38:21,919
Speaker 2: because of how quickly it can run all of these

689
00:38:22,400 --> 00:38:23,960
Speaker 2: you know scenarios.

690
00:38:23,400 --> 00:38:25,520
Speaker 4: Right, exactly right. Like, if I wanted to guess your

691
00:38:25,560 --> 00:38:28,560
Speaker 4: password right now using like an iMac or a computer,

692
00:38:28,640 --> 00:38:31,400
Speaker 4: I would probably have to program the computer to like

693
00:38:31,480 --> 00:38:34,600
Speaker 4: guess every number from here to ten trillion, and that

694
00:38:34,600 --> 00:38:37,399
Speaker 4: would just take a really really long time. But like

695
00:38:37,480 --> 00:38:40,239
Speaker 4: a quantum computer, because it can do quantum math, it can,

696
00:38:40,400 --> 00:38:44,360
Speaker 4: like you said, kind of feel things out all in parallel,

697
00:38:44,760 --> 00:38:49,080
Speaker 4: and once you do the math and the quantum kind

698
00:38:49,080 --> 00:38:52,560
Speaker 4: of notation, then like the answer kind of like bubbles

699
00:38:52,640 --> 00:38:55,359
Speaker 4: up to the surface and then you sort of get

700
00:38:55,360 --> 00:38:57,919
Speaker 4: your your password almost right away.

701
00:38:58,800 --> 00:39:00,440
Speaker 1: That's wild.

702
00:39:00,480 --> 00:39:00,920
Speaker 3: Yeah, I know.

703
00:39:01,080 --> 00:39:05,720
Speaker 1: Cryptography is one of the one of the big applications

704
00:39:05,760 --> 00:39:10,680
Speaker 1: that a lot of people talk about, right, breaking codes, encryption, decryption.

705
00:39:11,640 --> 00:39:16,200
Speaker 1: What are some other potential uses of this this kind

706
00:39:16,239 --> 00:39:18,200
Speaker 1: of new gen of computing.

707
00:39:18,360 --> 00:39:24,120
Speaker 4: Yeah, now that's about it. That's what that we know

708
00:39:24,239 --> 00:39:28,120
Speaker 4: of that we know of so so like we just

709
00:39:28,160 --> 00:39:31,319
Speaker 4: happened to randomly in the nineties, some computer scientists was like,

710
00:39:31,440 --> 00:39:34,239
Speaker 4: you know what, this breaking of password is really hard,

711
00:39:35,880 --> 00:39:38,040
Speaker 4: but maybe we can use quantum computer. Then you figured

712
00:39:38,080 --> 00:39:41,440
Speaker 4: out that you can use quantum mass to break that problem.

713
00:39:41,840 --> 00:39:44,880
Speaker 4: Now scientists think that there may be other problems like that,

714
00:39:45,080 --> 00:39:48,560
Speaker 4: like who knows, like you know, you know, finding the

715
00:39:48,640 --> 00:39:51,280
Speaker 4: nearest habitable planet maybe could be solved by a quantum

716
00:39:51,280 --> 00:39:53,840
Speaker 4: computer faster or something like that. You know, I'm totally

717
00:39:53,840 --> 00:39:55,839
Speaker 4: making that up. But the idea is that there might

718
00:39:55,880 --> 00:39:57,919
Speaker 4: be like big, big problems out there that we don't

719
00:39:57,920 --> 00:40:01,000
Speaker 4: know about yet that quantum computers are really good at solving.

720
00:40:01,320 --> 00:40:03,680
Speaker 4: And the other thing that people say quantum computers are

721
00:40:03,719 --> 00:40:07,040
Speaker 4: good for is just simulating physical nature, you know, because

722
00:40:07,080 --> 00:40:09,480
Speaker 4: the world is quantum once you get down to Adams,

723
00:40:09,840 --> 00:40:12,000
Speaker 4: and so you kind of need a quantum computer to

724
00:40:12,040 --> 00:40:13,600
Speaker 4: be able to simulate that better.

725
00:40:14,080 --> 00:40:20,160
Speaker 1: That's fascinating because then that implies that humanity has created

726
00:40:20,360 --> 00:40:26,920
Speaker 1: or discovered a thing that can potentially solve problems. Humanity

727
00:40:27,360 --> 00:40:32,720
Speaker 1: has not yet figured out how to ask. Yeah, exactly right, Okay,

728
00:40:33,560 --> 00:40:37,600
Speaker 1: that's that's why that that leads us to another thing

729
00:40:37,760 --> 00:40:40,920
Speaker 1: where we're gonna have to I think, no, we're gonna

730
00:40:40,960 --> 00:40:43,799
Speaker 1: have to hang out with Jorge more often on the

731
00:40:43,840 --> 00:40:45,440
Speaker 1: show if you'll have us Whorge.

732
00:40:45,320 --> 00:40:45,879
Speaker 4: Yeah for sure.

733
00:40:45,880 --> 00:40:49,000
Speaker 2: And also I was gonna just really quickly last thing

734
00:40:49,040 --> 00:40:51,919
Speaker 2: about the quantum computing stuff as pertains to another show

735
00:40:51,920 --> 00:40:53,480
Speaker 2: that Ben and I do together that I think you'd

736
00:40:53,480 --> 00:40:55,839
Speaker 2: also be a great guest on for this topic. Specifically,

737
00:40:55,920 --> 00:40:58,239
Speaker 2: stuff they don't want you to know is is that

738
00:40:58,640 --> 00:41:03,120
Speaker 2: there seems to be a sense that the escalation of

739
00:41:03,440 --> 00:41:06,000
Speaker 2: quantum computers and their ability to do these things could

740
00:41:06,080 --> 00:41:09,319
Speaker 2: potentially lead to a future where you can't have a

741
00:41:09,360 --> 00:41:13,960
Speaker 2: secret password anymore. It's just like that is passe at

742
00:41:14,000 --> 00:41:17,279
Speaker 2: this point because there is no security because of how

743
00:41:17,320 --> 00:41:18,759
Speaker 2: powerful these machines are.

744
00:41:18,640 --> 00:41:20,960
Speaker 3: And just by the fact that they exist.

745
00:41:20,800 --> 00:41:23,640
Speaker 4: Right, Like think of your bank accounts that that's anyone

746
00:41:23,719 --> 00:41:25,360
Speaker 4: can get it into that. Even if you have like

747
00:41:25,400 --> 00:41:29,879
Speaker 4: cryptocurrency like bitcoin or dougecoin, the fund of computers could

748
00:41:30,080 --> 00:41:33,759
Speaker 4: break that up and basically that would all be meaningless.

749
00:41:34,160 --> 00:41:35,520
Speaker 3: So what's the solution.

750
00:41:35,640 --> 00:41:38,200
Speaker 2: There is this like nuclear power type stuff where you

751
00:41:38,239 --> 00:41:40,279
Speaker 2: have to keep it under wraps, where you got to.

752
00:41:40,239 --> 00:41:42,880
Speaker 3: Decide who gets it. Like it's just I don't know.

753
00:41:42,960 --> 00:41:44,360
Speaker 3: It's scary when you talk about I.

754
00:41:44,360 --> 00:41:46,359
Speaker 4: Think everyone has to walk around naked. That's the only

755
00:41:46,400 --> 00:41:48,920
Speaker 4: solution is no more secrets. Okay, fair, no more secrets.

756
00:41:49,040 --> 00:41:51,200
Speaker 1: See Atlanta Police Department.

757
00:41:51,400 --> 00:41:53,440
Speaker 3: I'm not a criminal. I'm ahead of the curve.

758
00:41:55,480 --> 00:41:58,319
Speaker 2: No fully on board. I think there's a lot more

759
00:41:58,320 --> 00:42:00,279
Speaker 2: to discuss here. We had some other topics that we

760
00:42:00,280 --> 00:42:02,479
Speaker 2: were considering, but I think there was just so much

761
00:42:02,520 --> 00:42:05,919
Speaker 2: here in Big Bang and quantum physics and now into

762
00:42:06,239 --> 00:42:09,839
Speaker 2: quantum computing that we may well just book a part

763
00:42:09,840 --> 00:42:12,840
Speaker 2: two for this soon down the road and explore some

764
00:42:12,880 --> 00:42:14,840
Speaker 2: of these other topics that we had, like the history

765
00:42:14,920 --> 00:42:16,960
Speaker 2: of neuroscience.

766
00:42:16,200 --> 00:42:19,160
Speaker 1: For brain science. We were talking about this, and this

767
00:42:19,200 --> 00:42:22,160
Speaker 1: feels like a natural I mean, the scary way to

768
00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:25,640
Speaker 1: get into it for us would be to immediately ask

769
00:42:25,719 --> 00:42:31,640
Speaker 1: you or hey, will will human civilization arrive at a

770
00:42:31,719 --> 00:42:36,239
Speaker 1: point where without using the word AI, which I find problematic,

771
00:42:36,440 --> 00:42:40,640
Speaker 1: will human civilization arrive at a point where one could

772
00:42:40,880 --> 00:42:45,839
Speaker 1: create something as complex and as recognizable in function as

773
00:42:45,880 --> 00:42:47,240
Speaker 1: an organic human brain?

774
00:42:48,120 --> 00:42:48,479
Speaker 3: Is that?

775
00:42:48,640 --> 00:42:50,120
Speaker 1: Like, is that where we're headed?

776
00:42:50,840 --> 00:42:52,800
Speaker 4: That might be where we're at right now.

777
00:42:53,600 --> 00:42:53,799
Speaker 3: No.

778
00:42:54,200 --> 00:42:55,839
Speaker 4: So the crazy thing is that a lot of these

779
00:42:55,920 --> 00:43:00,440
Speaker 4: AI models that people use every day, they're super creative

780
00:43:00,480 --> 00:43:04,719
Speaker 4: about like how how big they are or how complex

781
00:43:04,760 --> 00:43:06,960
Speaker 4: they are. Like if you try to find out like

782
00:43:07,040 --> 00:43:09,760
Speaker 4: how many notes, which is kind of like the basic

783
00:43:09,880 --> 00:43:12,719
Speaker 4: unit in an AI neural network, Like how many notes

784
00:43:12,800 --> 00:43:15,440
Speaker 4: is Chad GPT four have or five Chad Chad GIPT

785
00:43:15,600 --> 00:43:17,839
Speaker 4: five or any like nobody will tell you because they're

786
00:43:17,880 --> 00:43:21,200
Speaker 4: all you know, trade secrets, and so some estimates out

787
00:43:21,239 --> 00:43:24,840
Speaker 4: there are that these might be getting close or at

788
00:43:24,920 --> 00:43:27,520
Speaker 4: least kind of like in the same order of magnitude

789
00:43:27,600 --> 00:43:30,000
Speaker 4: or getting there to like how many neurons you have

790
00:43:30,080 --> 00:43:32,040
Speaker 4: in your brain or how many connections you have in

791
00:43:32,080 --> 00:43:34,880
Speaker 4: your brain, and so, like, you know, we were not

792
00:43:34,920 --> 00:43:43,080
Speaker 4: too frustry to do later. You're both talking to an

793
00:43:43,120 --> 00:43:44,560
Speaker 4: AI right now. I am an AI.

794
00:43:45,520 --> 00:43:46,600
Speaker 3: I wouldn't be surprised.

795
00:43:46,600 --> 00:43:50,960
Speaker 2: It's getting creepily, I mean, speaking of exponential you know improvement.

796
00:43:51,120 --> 00:43:54,640
Speaker 2: Remember when AI slop was just so obvious and was

797
00:43:54,760 --> 00:43:59,520
Speaker 2: like pixelated and weirdly stretched and just bizarro, and it

798
00:43:59,560 --> 00:44:03,359
Speaker 2: just seemed like kind of like a novelty, right yeah,

799
00:44:03,400 --> 00:44:06,799
Speaker 2: But now it's just it's too good and I don't

800
00:44:06,840 --> 00:44:10,160
Speaker 2: particularly like it. And also I was seeing that some

801
00:44:10,200 --> 00:44:13,440
Speaker 2: of the most popular pieces of content now on the

802
00:44:13,520 --> 00:44:18,360
Speaker 2: internet are AI generated are you know, machine learning generated.

803
00:44:19,560 --> 00:44:21,799
Speaker 2: That's problematic in and of itself, and it's like, you know,

804
00:44:21,880 --> 00:44:23,799
Speaker 2: we struggle with this whole idea of like we don't

805
00:44:23,800 --> 00:44:26,360
Speaker 2: want to be luddites and get left behind or be

806
00:44:26,480 --> 00:44:29,719
Speaker 2: old man screaming at cloud. But it does feel like

807
00:44:29,840 --> 00:44:34,360
Speaker 2: there's a real inflection point where you can't turn the

808
00:44:34,400 --> 00:44:36,840
Speaker 2: clock back anymore, and it's not a good thing. I

809
00:44:37,160 --> 00:44:41,280
Speaker 2: certainly think that there is excellent, positive, life, world changing

810
00:44:41,400 --> 00:44:43,520
Speaker 2: uses for these kinds of things, but it seems like

811
00:44:43,560 --> 00:44:47,040
Speaker 2: corporations just trot this stuff out without really thinking about

812
00:44:47,360 --> 00:44:48,560
Speaker 2: the knock on effects.

813
00:44:48,560 --> 00:44:51,000
Speaker 4: They don't. I don't think they do it all. They're just

814
00:44:51,120 --> 00:44:53,920
Speaker 4: rushing to be the first. And I think we are

815
00:44:53,960 --> 00:44:57,040
Speaker 4: definitely an inflection point, as you mentioned, like there's things

816
00:44:57,080 --> 00:44:59,960
Speaker 4: are definitely different now. But I kind of think that.

817
00:45:00,120 --> 00:45:01,680
Speaker 3: This was only a handful of years ago.

818
00:45:01,760 --> 00:45:03,759
Speaker 2: No, it was Will Smith eating a bowl of spaghetti,

819
00:45:03,960 --> 00:45:07,000
Speaker 2: you know, and it looked like absolute pixelated garbage. And

820
00:45:07,040 --> 00:45:09,440
Speaker 2: now you can make stuff that looks like the news.

821
00:45:09,520 --> 00:45:12,080
Speaker 2: It's pristine. Sorry interrupt It blows my mind.

822
00:45:12,120 --> 00:45:15,239
Speaker 4: It's totally mind blowing. Yeah, But I think back to

823
00:45:15,520 --> 00:45:19,279
Speaker 4: the time when photoshop became popular. M remember that, like

824
00:45:19,320 --> 00:45:22,080
Speaker 4: before you could trust a photograph with a photograph, but

825
00:45:22,200 --> 00:45:24,520
Speaker 4: at some point it's like, no, you can't trust any

826
00:45:24,520 --> 00:45:27,040
Speaker 4: photograph at all. I think it's just going to be

827
00:45:27,040 --> 00:45:29,160
Speaker 4: the same for like video now, and you can't really

828
00:45:29,160 --> 00:45:31,000
Speaker 4: trust any video that you see out there.

829
00:45:31,960 --> 00:45:35,120
Speaker 3: Well, it could go wrong. Well, and like with photoshop,

830
00:45:35,160 --> 00:45:36,160
Speaker 3: you know you have experts.

831
00:45:36,239 --> 00:45:37,959
Speaker 2: As it got better and better, who can be like, okay,

832
00:45:37,960 --> 00:45:39,440
Speaker 2: these are the red flags, these are the things to

833
00:45:39,480 --> 00:45:41,799
Speaker 2: look for it. So you know this photoshop and there

834
00:45:41,960 --> 00:45:46,640
Speaker 2: certainly still are big signs of AI AI generated stuff,

835
00:45:46,840 --> 00:45:49,440
Speaker 2: But as it gets better and better, those signs are

836
00:45:49,440 --> 00:45:51,440
Speaker 2: going to be fewer and fewer and harder and harder

837
00:45:51,440 --> 00:45:53,640
Speaker 2: to see. And you really are going to require experts

838
00:45:53,760 --> 00:45:55,839
Speaker 2: or we've even talked about on stuff that I want

839
00:45:55,840 --> 00:45:57,839
Speaker 2: you to know how there would need to be some

840
00:45:57,960 --> 00:46:02,880
Speaker 2: validation form like of of footage, some sort of watermark

841
00:46:03,000 --> 00:46:06,200
Speaker 2: or something to show that this was captured in real

842
00:46:06,239 --> 00:46:10,680
Speaker 2: life through a telephone photo device, through a photographic device.

843
00:46:10,840 --> 00:46:11,040
Speaker 1: Yeah.

844
00:46:11,120 --> 00:46:13,040
Speaker 4: Yeah, it's going to come down to trust, like who

845
00:46:13,080 --> 00:46:15,799
Speaker 4: do you whose camera do you trust that was not

846
00:46:16,080 --> 00:46:20,120
Speaker 4: tempered with AI? You know, whose motivation you feel is good?

847
00:46:20,560 --> 00:46:25,080
Speaker 1: And that gets even trickier because then when we were

848
00:46:26,200 --> 00:46:30,000
Speaker 1: forced to resort to trust, which can sometimes be a

849
00:46:30,040 --> 00:46:33,759
Speaker 1: subjective exercise, or force this uh to to resort to

850
00:46:33,800 --> 00:46:38,360
Speaker 1: trusts as a currency or authenticator, then we we re

851
00:46:39,000 --> 00:46:42,560
Speaker 1: enter the world of absolute wing nuts. It makes me

852
00:46:42,640 --> 00:46:46,600
Speaker 1: remember when we were working previously on some of the

853
00:46:46,600 --> 00:46:50,879
Speaker 1: most popular conspiracy theories in Western culture, one of which

854
00:46:50,960 --> 00:46:54,120
Speaker 1: being landed on the moon. Right, that old, that old

855
00:46:54,480 --> 00:46:57,320
Speaker 1: workhorse gets trotted out all the time. I was talking

856
00:46:57,360 --> 00:47:00,239
Speaker 1: with people who were Noel and our pal Matt. We're

857
00:47:00,280 --> 00:47:04,520
Speaker 1: talking with people who would genuinely bring up trust, and

858
00:47:04,560 --> 00:47:08,840
Speaker 1: they would say, well, have you met any astronauts?

859
00:47:09,160 --> 00:47:09,640
Speaker 4: And we have.

860
00:47:10,040 --> 00:47:17,960
Speaker 1: I was like, yeah, I met some astronauts there, yeah, yeah,

861
00:47:18,040 --> 00:47:20,719
Speaker 1: and that they said, well do you trust what was

862
00:47:20,760 --> 00:47:22,560
Speaker 1: your vibe check on those astronauts?

863
00:47:22,600 --> 00:47:25,560
Speaker 3: And I'm like, they're kind of busy. And that's extra

864
00:47:25,640 --> 00:47:26,799
Speaker 3: tough though, Ben, isn't it?

865
00:47:26,840 --> 00:47:31,960
Speaker 2: As trust has just eroded so far in terms of

866
00:47:31,960 --> 00:47:35,160
Speaker 2: trust of the media, in terms of trust of literally

867
00:47:35,440 --> 00:47:38,000
Speaker 2: what is before your very eyes. So these two things

868
00:47:38,040 --> 00:47:40,960
Speaker 2: do not, unfortunately align particularly well do that.

869
00:47:41,080 --> 00:47:43,719
Speaker 4: And we're still arguing if the Earth is round? There

870
00:47:43,760 --> 00:47:47,080
Speaker 4: are people guys who are convinced shut.

871
00:47:46,840 --> 00:47:50,040
Speaker 3: Out Bob right right, airplanes and the night sky. Have

872
00:47:50,200 --> 00:47:52,719
Speaker 3: you ever met an astronaut? They're the only ones you

873
00:47:52,719 --> 00:47:54,480
Speaker 3: could see it. Did you trust them?

874
00:47:55,440 --> 00:47:58,000
Speaker 1: But this is this is where we get to, uh,

875
00:47:58,239 --> 00:48:00,400
Speaker 1: maybe if we want to put a potter on it,

876
00:48:00,440 --> 00:48:04,680
Speaker 1: we could say I love your point there, Orge, about

877
00:48:04,960 --> 00:48:10,200
Speaker 1: how this feels like a new iteration of similar inflection points,

878
00:48:10,280 --> 00:48:12,839
Speaker 1: And no, I think you've nailed the perfect phrase for that.

879
00:48:13,719 --> 00:48:19,280
Speaker 1: Here's hoping humanity can address these same breakthroughs, the way

880
00:48:19,320 --> 00:48:23,560
Speaker 1: that civilization was able to soldier through and adapt to

881
00:48:24,239 --> 00:48:29,120
Speaker 1: previous huge game changers. It all goes down to brain science.

882
00:48:29,160 --> 00:48:31,160
Speaker 1: And we don't want to put you on the spot, Orge,

883
00:48:31,280 --> 00:48:33,880
Speaker 1: but we'd love to have you back on a future

884
00:48:33,920 --> 00:48:39,600
Speaker 1: episode where we can we can learn from you about

885
00:48:40,000 --> 00:48:48,960
Speaker 1: the very strange historical saga of humans attempting to study themselves.

886
00:48:49,640 --> 00:48:52,440
Speaker 1: Two questions, First, are you okay with that? Would you

887
00:48:52,480 --> 00:48:53,359
Speaker 1: like to hang out with us?

888
00:48:53,760 --> 00:48:53,920
Speaker 3: Yeah?

889
00:48:53,960 --> 00:48:55,279
Speaker 4: Absolutely? Does this super fun?

890
00:48:55,600 --> 00:48:57,239
Speaker 3: Awesome? Yes? Okay, great?

891
00:48:57,280 --> 00:49:00,200
Speaker 1: That would have been an awkward day, yeah, if you

892
00:49:00,239 --> 00:49:01,320
Speaker 1: were if you were too busy.

893
00:49:01,800 --> 00:49:03,239
Speaker 3: Second, w I know?

894
00:49:07,600 --> 00:49:11,160
Speaker 1: Secondly, one of our ending questions here, just as a

895
00:49:11,280 --> 00:49:14,600
Speaker 1: tease for the wild history ridiculous, dare I say at

896
00:49:14,640 --> 00:49:19,240
Speaker 1: times a brain science? What's what are your favorite brain

897
00:49:19,360 --> 00:49:23,719
Speaker 1: science like anecdotes or maybe quack science in that pursuit.

898
00:49:23,920 --> 00:49:26,560
Speaker 4: Oh yeah, there's a lot. I've read a book with

899
00:49:26,560 --> 00:49:29,120
Speaker 4: a neuroscientist about just the whole brain, the history of

900
00:49:29,160 --> 00:49:31,600
Speaker 4: the brain, what we know about the brain. You know,

901
00:49:31,640 --> 00:49:34,160
Speaker 4: one of the most fascinating stories we have on there

902
00:49:34,280 --> 00:49:38,279
Speaker 4: is the story of someone called patient HM, Henry Moulayson.

903
00:49:38,880 --> 00:49:41,920
Speaker 4: And basically have you seen the movie Memento, which was

904
00:49:42,040 --> 00:49:45,759
Speaker 4: Christopher Nolan's basically first breakout movie. This guy who could

905
00:49:45,800 --> 00:49:49,439
Speaker 4: only remember thirty seconds at a time, Like, that's real,

906
00:49:49,719 --> 00:49:52,279
Speaker 4: Like that's something that happens out to some people out

907
00:49:52,320 --> 00:49:54,480
Speaker 4: there in the world, And it's actually something that happened

908
00:49:54,480 --> 00:49:58,399
Speaker 4: to someone named Henry Moullayson a while a little while ago,

909
00:49:58,680 --> 00:50:01,920
Speaker 4: and he was basically test subject for the rest of

910
00:50:01,960 --> 00:50:06,359
Speaker 4: his life. And that's uh, and through him is how

911
00:50:06,400 --> 00:50:09,560
Speaker 4: we know a lot about how our memory works. Like

912
00:50:09,600 --> 00:50:11,960
Speaker 4: before we didn't know think that there were things like

913
00:50:12,080 --> 00:50:15,920
Speaker 4: you know, mortar memory, short term memory, long term memory, uh,

914
00:50:16,680 --> 00:50:18,959
Speaker 4: different kinds of memories and where they were in the brain.

915
00:50:19,000 --> 00:50:21,600
Speaker 4: But thanks to like basically the momental guy, we kind

916
00:50:21,640 --> 00:50:23,640
Speaker 4: of figure all all of that out. And it's fascinating

917
00:50:24,080 --> 00:50:25,880
Speaker 4: to see like what he could remember and what he

918
00:50:25,920 --> 00:50:26,560
Speaker 4: couldn't remember.

919
00:50:27,000 --> 00:50:28,959
Speaker 3: Amazing lots of perfect ties.

920
00:50:29,080 --> 00:50:31,600
Speaker 2: For the next episode where we have you back, where

921
00:50:31,600 --> 00:50:33,400
Speaker 2: we talk more about the history of brain science, and

922
00:50:33,440 --> 00:50:34,920
Speaker 2: I do just want to point out really quickly, to

923
00:50:35,040 --> 00:50:37,439
Speaker 2: circle back to something that was said quite a while ago.

924
00:50:37,520 --> 00:50:40,319
Speaker 2: Max pointed out in the chat here that we do

925
00:50:40,440 --> 00:50:43,719
Speaker 2: on Ridiculous History have multiple episodes about bird poop, not

926
00:50:43,880 --> 00:50:45,200
Speaker 2: just one.

927
00:50:45,280 --> 00:50:47,520
Speaker 3: We went didn't get to the bird poop.

928
00:50:47,600 --> 00:50:50,920
Speaker 1: Yeah, yeah, yeah, we got Uh that's gonna sound weird

929
00:50:51,000 --> 00:50:53,840
Speaker 1: out of context, but yeah, Noel, you're correct.

930
00:50:54,080 --> 00:50:57,560
Speaker 3: We went through a burth phace. Oh my gosh. So hey,

931
00:50:57,560 --> 00:50:59,040
Speaker 3: where can folks find your work?

932
00:50:59,080 --> 00:51:02,560
Speaker 2: We know we have science stuff still, episodes of Daniel

933
00:51:02,560 --> 00:51:06,000
Speaker 2: and Jorhicks for the Universe. You're a published author on

934
00:51:06,080 --> 00:51:08,359
Speaker 2: many fronts of polymaths, has been put it, but give

935
00:51:08,440 --> 00:51:11,120
Speaker 2: us the scoop. Where can ridiculous historians out there check

936
00:51:11,200 --> 00:51:11,839
Speaker 2: out your work?

937
00:51:11,880 --> 00:51:13,840
Speaker 4: Yeah? The best way to find me is just search

938
00:51:13,920 --> 00:51:17,719
Speaker 4: for science stuff. One word on your iHeartRadio app or

939
00:51:17,760 --> 00:51:20,800
Speaker 4: wherever you're listening to this, and please describe. We tackle

940
00:51:21,160 --> 00:51:24,640
Speaker 4: super fun, super fascinating questions. We talk to experts, and

941
00:51:24,680 --> 00:51:27,480
Speaker 4: we keep in light and fun and easy to understand.

942
00:51:27,880 --> 00:51:30,120
Speaker 4: So that's my thing. And then if you're interested in

943
00:51:30,160 --> 00:51:33,440
Speaker 4: some of my science work, I do have several books published.

944
00:51:33,680 --> 00:51:35,640
Speaker 4: There's one about kind of what we don't know? About

945
00:51:35,640 --> 00:51:38,560
Speaker 4: the universe. There's one about the brain and what we

946
00:51:38,600 --> 00:51:40,360
Speaker 4: don't know about the Brain. And I also have a

947
00:51:40,400 --> 00:51:43,960
Speaker 4: series of kids books called Oliver's Great Big Universe. But

948
00:51:44,040 --> 00:51:47,000
Speaker 4: please check out Science Stuff That's wow a.

949
00:51:46,960 --> 00:51:47,759
Speaker 3: Question about it.

950
00:51:47,760 --> 00:51:52,160
Speaker 2: It is a classic how stuff works style science exploration

951
00:51:52,239 --> 00:51:53,880
Speaker 2: and Jorge is a.

952
00:51:53,480 --> 00:51:55,080
Speaker 3: Ace science communicator.

953
00:51:55,120 --> 00:51:56,719
Speaker 2: So we can't thank you enough for hanging out with

954
00:51:56,800 --> 00:51:57,960
Speaker 2: us today on Ridiculous System.

955
00:51:58,120 --> 00:52:00,000
Speaker 4: This is super fun. It was ridiculously fun.

956
00:52:01,040 --> 00:52:04,480
Speaker 3: YEA glad to hear you know what that's that's our

957
00:52:04,560 --> 00:52:07,680
Speaker 3: ultro do. I think it must be what a ride?

958
00:52:07,800 --> 00:52:08,960
Speaker 3: Can't wait for Part two?

959
00:52:09,000 --> 00:52:11,800
Speaker 1: Big big thanks to our super producer mister Max Williams

960
00:52:11,840 --> 00:52:13,920
Speaker 1: Alex Williams who composed this track.

961
00:52:14,360 --> 00:52:15,160
Speaker 3: Oh Yes, and.

962
00:52:15,200 --> 00:52:18,680
Speaker 2: Huge thanks to Jonathan strick Land aka the quist Or

963
00:52:18,680 --> 00:52:23,680
Speaker 2: A J. Bahamas Jacob's aka the Puzzler Big Oh.

964
00:52:23,719 --> 00:52:26,120
Speaker 1: I can't imagine you know how fun it would be

965
00:52:26,440 --> 00:52:29,319
Speaker 1: to get Bahamas and Jorge.

966
00:52:29,040 --> 00:52:32,600
Speaker 3: In a room together. Unbelievable. I think a singularity would occur.

967
00:52:32,880 --> 00:52:35,080
Speaker 2: Time space as we know it would break down, but

968
00:52:35,200 --> 00:52:36,399
Speaker 2: like in the most fun way.

969
00:52:36,440 --> 00:52:39,320
Speaker 1: Imaginable and big big thanks to the Rude Dudes a

970
00:52:39,440 --> 00:52:43,960
Speaker 1: Ridiculous Crime. Christopher hasiotis here in spirit, Eves, Jeff Coat

971
00:52:44,040 --> 00:52:45,160
Speaker 1: and Noel Big thanks to.

972
00:52:45,120 --> 00:52:47,920
Speaker 3: You, man on you as well. Let's see you next time, folks.

973
00:52:54,920 --> 00:52:58,719
Speaker 2: For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, visit the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts,

974
00:52:58,800 --> 00:53:00,920
Speaker 2: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.