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Speaker 1: I think ex Sideways is not brought to you by

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Speaker 1: the new TV reality show Who Gets to be Sterilized? Instead,

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Speaker 1: it's brought to you by your local dog and cat shelter.

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Speaker 1: And not to be exclusive, you're also Commodo dragons and

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Speaker 1: other stuff. So there's in every town there's lots of

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Speaker 1: meta homeless doggies, kiddies and Commodo dragons and they need

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Speaker 1: a place to live and that could be your place. Also,

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Speaker 1: you know, if you can't for some reason take in

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Speaker 1: a cute little puppy, you're a cute little kid. Well

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Speaker 1: you can always. Don'tate your time, don'tate your money, but

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Speaker 1: all those little creators need your help. So get down

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Speaker 1: there now. It's goods working. Hey there, and welcome to

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Speaker 1: the podcast. I am Steve, as always joined by and

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Speaker 1: Joe and this week, as always on Thinking Sideways, We've

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Speaker 1: got a mystery for you. It's a historical doozyies. Actually no,

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Speaker 1: well okay, but you know the mystery isn't the dead bodies,

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Speaker 1: but you're strongly implied. Well there, I mean, if we're

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Speaker 1: going to say that, then yes, there's dead bodies everywhere

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Speaker 1: all the time around to creep Factor. Hey, high five

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Speaker 1: for totally steamrolling him. Already, good job. Okay, Okay, well

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Speaker 1: let's go ahead, and now that you two are done

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Speaker 1: with that, get into our story because this week we're

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Speaker 1: gonna be talking about vitrified forts, which is a historical mystery,

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Speaker 1: and the mystery is kind of twofold, because first off,

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Speaker 1: we need to figure out how the sports were made,

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Speaker 1: and then the mystery, of course is why were they made.

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Speaker 1: So let's start first off, just so we give everybody

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Speaker 1: the background of what the heck of vitrified ford is.

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Speaker 1: It's not a vitriolic for it. It's a vitrified for it, Yes, exactly.

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Speaker 1: I don't know what either of those things are, so

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Speaker 1: I was pretending vitriolic it is like an angry, hysterical

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Speaker 1: fort say nasty things about you. Yeah, nobody likes that.

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Speaker 1: That's one of those words that I am not realizing.

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Speaker 1: I've read like a million times exact definition. No, I

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Speaker 1: totally do, but I've just never I don't think I

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Speaker 1: ever heard anybody ever say it. So for whatever reason,

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Speaker 1: it was different in my brain and I understand. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: there we go. Yeah sweet. Anyway, Okay, for our story today,

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Speaker 1: we're talking about vitrified forts. Yeah, vitrified forts or stone walls,

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Speaker 1: which are built surrounding some kind of defensible position. So

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Speaker 1: most of them are going to be found on the

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Speaker 1: tops of high hills. That would be, you know, the

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Speaker 1: great place to build your village, your castle, and then

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Speaker 1: keep the enemy from being able to easily invade it

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Speaker 1: as defend it. Also safe from floods, Yes, but it's

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Speaker 1: very true. Insurance salesmen love those places for that reason.

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Speaker 1: Sometimes the walls themselves are short spans of distance. Sometimes

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Speaker 1: they're long, sometimes they're pretty tall. Sometimes they're actually kind

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Speaker 1: of short. Uh. And sometimes there are a series of

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Speaker 1: walls that will circle one another. In other words, it's

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Speaker 1: almost as if there's walls that are sandwich between walls,

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Speaker 1: sandwich between walls. In castles there was an outer an

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Speaker 1: inner wall. Yeah, no, it is. It's very traditional in

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Speaker 1: that regard. Uh And And sometimes because they were built

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Speaker 1: on hills, they could have embankments or they could be

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Speaker 1: surrounded by ramparts, you know, from the lower slopes of

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Speaker 1: the hills. So these things are going to be in

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Speaker 1: a whole bunch of different areas and have a lot

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Speaker 1: of different configurations. But part of that variation in terms

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Speaker 1: of the size of them is gonna be because of

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Speaker 1: the time frame or their age, because vitrified forts, we

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Speaker 1: don't exactly know when they were made. It's leaved according

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Speaker 1: to the current research that they were made somewhere between

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Speaker 1: seven hundred b C and seven hundred so really just

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Speaker 1: no time difference at all. And there's lots of them

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Speaker 1: when we get into the numbers up, but there's there's

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Speaker 1: more than one, obviously enough. But there's lots of these

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Speaker 1: things spread over a pretty big geographic area, and it

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Speaker 1: seems like actually some of them could actually be older

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Speaker 1: than that, So you know, I mean that could be

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Speaker 1: you know, I don't know, a thousand, fifty hundred years

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Speaker 1: before Christ, that kind of thing. Yeah, it's entirely possible.

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Speaker 1: We're really not sure in this one. Yeah, it's really uh,

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Speaker 1: you know, as far as what man was mankind was

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Speaker 1: up to back in those days, we don't really know.

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Speaker 1: I mean, seriously, it's really Yeah. That's one of my

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Speaker 1: favorite the big overarching on soft mysteries is like, what

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Speaker 1: what did we do before TVO? Yeah, yeah, I mean

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Speaker 1: it could be that ten thousand years ago when we

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Speaker 1: had some you know in places like Europe or even

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Speaker 1: in America and like North America we had like some

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Speaker 1: sort of my kind of civilization, you know, and it's

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Speaker 1: how they've been, you know, taken over by flooding from

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Speaker 1: sea level rises because sea level has been going up.

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Speaker 1: It's you know, for eleven thousand years. I mean, yeah,

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Speaker 1: we talked about some of that and who settled the

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Speaker 1: New World first? About coastal village is being destroyed by

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Speaker 1: rising sea levels? Absolutely so, I mean there's all kinds

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Speaker 1: of cool stuff out there that's just been obliterated or else.

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Speaker 1: It's just underneath the whole lot of layers of sentiment

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Speaker 1: and we get those weird things like GOLDBACKI Tempe that

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Speaker 1: we talked about way way, way, way way back in

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Speaker 1: the beginning, where it's like these things that are indicative

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Speaker 1: of these like larger cultures and more sophistication than we

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Speaker 1: give people from that time credit for. And I think,

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Speaker 1: you know, that's why mysteries like this are always interesting

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Speaker 1: to me because it's like, well, in technology, what's what's

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Speaker 1: great about a lot of these things? This technology as

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Speaker 1: it each advance, and technology seems to spill a little

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Speaker 1: more of the information out force You've seen all of

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Speaker 1: this stuff now about how they're checking satellite footage and

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Speaker 1: they're using the growth patterns of trees and then the

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Speaker 1: terrain to be like, oh wait, no, you see that

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Speaker 1: there's obviously the foundation of a building there, you just

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Speaker 1: can't tell it from being on ground level. Like, there's

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Speaker 1: all these algorithms and tricks that they're using that they're

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Speaker 1: finding so much so fast now because of that, So

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Speaker 1: are never going to know the answer? Maybe will we

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Speaker 1: know some of the answers? Probably, So we've just spent

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Speaker 1: the last ten minutes talking about why this is a

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Speaker 1: really cool mystery and haven't talked about the mystery at all. Okay,

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Speaker 1: that's why it's intriguing now, the mysteries. Yeah, okay, So

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Speaker 1: here's the thing about vitrified forts. They whoever built these forts,

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Speaker 1: and by forts there, they're a wall around a fort,

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Speaker 1: is the easiest way to think about it. Whoever did

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Speaker 1: this expose them to massive amounts of heat and in

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Speaker 1: doing so melted the rocks that the wall was composed of,

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Speaker 1: and this would fuse or weld the smaller and larger

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Speaker 1: rocks together. So instead of having like a nice stacked

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Speaker 1: stone wall, which is Joe's favorite kind of wall, they

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Speaker 1: would have one that was literally glued together. And keep

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Speaker 1: in mind, as we've been talking about, this is two

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Speaker 1: thousand plus years ago, and concrete and mortar were not

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Speaker 1: at an available as far as far as we know now. Okay,

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Speaker 1: so there, as far as we know, concrete and mortar

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Speaker 1: was not around. Concrete and mortars seem to have been

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Speaker 1: used by the Romans starting around I want to say,

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Speaker 1: five or six hundred CE. But prior to that, oh gosh,

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Speaker 1: I can't think of what the other civilization was, but

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Speaker 1: they were using bitjamin asphalt. The Egyptians, I think he

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Speaker 1: is concrete. I think a lot of some of the

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Speaker 1: blocks of the Great Pyramids were actually formed on the

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Speaker 1: spot from one well, they know they used some kind Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it was a gypsum base. They were burning materials at

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Speaker 1: a gypsum and ash and creating mortar with that. And

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Speaker 1: then the vice starts with them. I can't think of it.

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Speaker 1: But Macedonians is that one? Were they before the Romans.

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Speaker 1: We're gonna get an email somebody's going to correct us

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Speaker 1: because I can't remember. But the point is this was

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Speaker 1: this was a technology that wouldn't have been available, so

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Speaker 1: to not just stack your rocks there's some some value

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Speaker 1: in that. So you're just saying it wasn't just like

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Speaker 1: a giant magnifying glass they held up and just walked. Well,

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Speaker 1: maybe maybe we might talk about something like that, but

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Speaker 1: for most things, we're pretty sure that they weren't doing that. Now,

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Speaker 1: the catch with making a vitrified ford is depending on

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Speaker 1: who the researcher is, it could strengthen the wall or

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Speaker 1: it could weaken the wall. Some sources will say that

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Speaker 1: the process of vitrification will weaken the wall because what

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Speaker 1: it does is it melts some of the rocks into

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Speaker 1: a glass like state, which can make them it all

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Speaker 1: and it can crack the larger stones. But on the

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Speaker 1: opposite side of the argument, researchers saying, well, yeah, those

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Speaker 1: bigger stones, so they're cracking, they're becoming more porous, and

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Speaker 1: then the ones that melt into glass like state actually

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Speaker 1: melt and go into those pores. So when it hardens

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Speaker 1: back up, you've got a super super strong bond between

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Speaker 1: these two two stones. So we're saying that the intentional

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Speaker 1: difference of stone reaction was intentional, Well, it was. It

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Speaker 1: was most likely it was an accidental discovery, like a

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Speaker 1: lot of things, but they're like, whoa, this is really

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Speaker 1: really strong. And depending on which I'm sure you know,

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Speaker 1: as with all things, people experiment, and depending on the

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Speaker 1: mix of stones, some are going to inheat, going to

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Speaker 1: vitrify in turn to that glass like state, and some

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Speaker 1: are just going to crack some because they have higher

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Speaker 1: melting points. So if you combine them correctly, you can

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Speaker 1: make a super strong wall. Yeah, the argument for that, yeah, absolutely,

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Speaker 1: and actually not having a wallet. It's all solid and

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Speaker 1: just rock solid like that that your enemies can't just

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Speaker 1: run up and like you know, like fling a big

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Speaker 1: catapult rock at and sort of knocked the top stones

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Speaker 1: off the bottom stones and stuff like that. Yeah, you know, absolutely,

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Speaker 1: or people you know, there's there's stories of the guy

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Speaker 1: who walked by every day and just pulled a stone

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Speaker 1: down and nobody realized it was a giant, gaping hole

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Speaker 1: in the wall because he did it just so slowly

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Speaker 1: and cautiously, Like you can't do that. They're they're welded together.

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Speaker 1: So it's got a huge benefit. Um. And there are

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Speaker 1: times where it appears that this was very much done

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Speaker 1: intentionally or deliberately, because some of these walls are built

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Speaker 1: on bedrock, that was would have a really really high

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Speaker 1: melting point, so high in fact, that you couldn't vitrify

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Speaker 1: the stones to it, that it wasn't going to create

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Speaker 1: that porous condition. So people would actually go get large stones,

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Speaker 1: sometimes from great distances away, and use them as their foundations,

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Speaker 1: so that the rocks above when the melting happened, would

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Speaker 1: fuse to it. So the bottom of the wall was

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Speaker 1: fused to something large and stable. So there does seem

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Speaker 1: to be some very deliberate action that was taken for this. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and then they were smart enough to figure out that

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Speaker 1: having a good solid foundation is key. Oh yeah, there's

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Speaker 1: the reason you don't build on sand. Uh yeah, not

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Speaker 1: false apart, but well, the other's that vitrified forts. As

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Speaker 1: we said, they've been around for thousands of years, but

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Speaker 1: officially they weren't noted or discovered until the late seventeen hundreds,

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Speaker 1: and at that time it was believed that they were

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Speaker 1: pretty well contained to northern Scotland. Uh. Today we know

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Speaker 1: that there's about sixty or seventy vitrified forts in Scotland.

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Speaker 1: There's a little over two hundred of them total having

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Speaker 1: been found, and they're spread across northern and Western Europe.

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Speaker 1: So some of the reading has been that probably what

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Speaker 1: happened is the folks that knew how to do this

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Speaker 1: would then begin to go and share the technology with

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Speaker 1: their allies. Oh hey, let me help you out. You know,

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Speaker 1: we've got this pact between each other. I'm gonna show

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Speaker 1: you how to do this thing I do. And then

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Speaker 1: slowly the technology spread, though obviously it didn't go a

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Speaker 1: long long time because there's only about two hundred sites

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Speaker 1: that we found. I wonder some of it had to

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Speaker 1: do with like marriage. Oh, I'm sure that that kind

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Speaker 1: of that kind Yeah, I mean, yes, I am. It's

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Speaker 1: you know, that sort of that consolidation of power. But

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Speaker 1: also because it's like a kind of a small number actually,

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Speaker 1: and and kind of an intentional spreading, and either it's

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Speaker 1: you know, certain people, we're just building their empire out,

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Speaker 1: which is also possible because you know, again we don't

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Speaker 1: have very great records from that time, or you know,

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Speaker 1: it was I don't even know, somebody married somebody's wife

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Speaker 1: and or somebody's brother and said, oh, hey, by the way,

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Speaker 1: we've been doing this is how we do it. You

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Speaker 1: know where we're from, Let's build something like this. So

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Speaker 1: I'm safe some rication. Man. Yeah, it's like a bachelor party.

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Speaker 1: But the difficulty is is that we don't we don't

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Speaker 1: know exactly which civilization was doing it. And there was

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Speaker 1: all kinds of Germanic tribes in the area in the

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Speaker 1: northern part of Britannia. I think it was called Britannia

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Speaker 1: is what they referred to it at that time. But

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Speaker 1: there was the Pics and some other civilizations. But but nobody,

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Speaker 1: because obviously there's no written record from that time frame

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Speaker 1: that survived, we don't know, so so it's always hard

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Speaker 1: to say, well, why did it spread like that? Was

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Speaker 1: it through you know, through marriages, or was it through

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Speaker 1: military alliances or conquests. A lot more interesting questions for

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Speaker 1: me is why did it go out of style? Well,

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Speaker 1: I think I have a pretty easy answer to that. Concrete.

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Speaker 1: That could be it high Yeah, but actually, um, it

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Speaker 1: seemed to go out of style prior to the invention

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Speaker 1: of concrete, and according to some of the theories out there,

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Speaker 1: it had to do not so much with construction is destruction, yeah,

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Speaker 1: and in which case I'm really curious about why I

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Speaker 1: went out of style? Well, and that's a that's a

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Speaker 1: great segue into theories, because, believe it or not, once again,

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Speaker 1: I've done it. We've got a really short story and

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Speaker 1: the rest of this episode is all theories. Well you

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Speaker 1: have two different theories sections. Yeah, well that's that's how

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Speaker 1: I get away with it this time. You two told

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Speaker 1: me last time. Don't do that again. Absolutely, it's too short,

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Speaker 1: not really okay, So we have two sections of the theories.

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Speaker 1: Section one is how was this done? In section two

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Speaker 1: is why was it done? We're going to start with

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Speaker 1: how and so, yeah, I'm more curious about why. I know,

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Speaker 1: that's why. People I so I find the how obscenely

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Speaker 1: interesting for some reason interesting. So let's let's get into

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Speaker 1: this now. We need to establish a couple of things. First,

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Speaker 1: we've talked about the fact that it takes some really

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Speaker 1: high heat to vitrify stone. To give you a frame

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Speaker 1: of reference, the melting point of the stones that are

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Speaker 1: used for this process at this time was somewhere between

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Speaker 1: eleven hundred to fifundred degrees celsius, which is two to

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Speaker 1: d degrees fahrenheit. What is that in kelvin? You're but

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Speaker 1: but if you also need to keep in mind, is

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Speaker 1: that's a lot of heat degenerate, and you've got to

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Speaker 1: keep it up for a sustained amount of time. It's

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Speaker 1: not as if you can just get it to that

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Speaker 1: temperature and that it's done. No, it's it has to

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Speaker 1: have time to act upon the materials. So you've got

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Speaker 1: to be able to maintain that heat for like what

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Speaker 1: at least a couple of days, probably right at least

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Speaker 1: hours at least you know, I'm not I don't want

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Speaker 1: to give a number of hours, but a lot of

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Speaker 1: hours longer that takes your beer bottle to meunt in

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Speaker 1: the campfire. Absolutely absolutely. You also need to remember, well,

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Speaker 1: a lot of people will say, oh, well, humans at

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Speaker 1: that time didn't have the technology. And if you think that,

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Speaker 1: you're actually wrong, because this falls right in the Bronze

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Speaker 1: and the Iron Ages, when man had learned how to

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Speaker 1: melt or to make all those fancy tools for killing

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Speaker 1: each yes, in a super contained environment, but the technology

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Speaker 1: had been figured out that stone or it's out there.

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Speaker 1: So so it is something that is available. And I

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Speaker 1: was doing some reading and at the time the forges

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Speaker 1: of blacksmiths around this time frame, you know, somewhere between

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Speaker 1: seven hundred seven hundred, it was not uncommon for them

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Speaker 1: to be able to sustain fires of up to so

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Speaker 1: they've got the ability again in a small in a

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Speaker 1: contained space. I totally understand that, because that's the big

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Speaker 1: part of that, right. It's like, you can't get a

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Speaker 1: fire like a wood fire, camp fire up to heats

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Speaker 1: like that, really no, because it's got a feed off

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Speaker 1: itself and be self containing atuff. Yeah, I get it.

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Speaker 1: Is it the coke that has to get that? I

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Speaker 1: imagine we have a better success using coal and stuff

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Speaker 1: like yeah, yeah, I would think you would. Okay, sure

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Speaker 1: we start into now that we're now we've given that

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Speaker 1: little baseline. Let's do theory one, which is this was

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Speaker 1: done in the initial construction of the wall, and theory

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Speaker 1: one subsection A. You're gonna love this episode, Devin. There's

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Speaker 1: all kinds of subsections. Yeah, but you didn't use bullet points,

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Speaker 1: so that's kind of bumming me out. Well, it's because

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Speaker 1: it's too big of areas and it would have taken

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Speaker 1: this four page thing into seven. Yeah that's my trick. Oh,

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Speaker 1: is that why you do that? Okay, you notice a

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Speaker 1: really wide margins, really big friends. Okay, the first theory

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Speaker 1: we're gonna discuss, discuss discuss is the kiln method, and

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Speaker 1: the idea here is that, yeah, well, the idea here

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Speaker 1: is that what the builders would do is they would

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Speaker 1: take the larger stones that we're going to be the

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Speaker 1: inner and the outer face of the wall, and they

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Speaker 1: would lay them out and then they would place smaller

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Speaker 1: stones in between them, and then they would take almost

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Speaker 1: like gravel or really or even finer stone and pour

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Speaker 1: them on top of that. Again, and of course, you

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Speaker 1: know you think about it, well, the big ones, then

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Speaker 1: the gravel is gonna fall and it's gonna fill in

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Speaker 1: all those voids. So it's pretty packed. It's relatively a

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Speaker 1: densely filled space. It's kind of like packing peanuts. That's

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Speaker 1: you know, it's what packing peanuts are for. They fill

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Speaker 1: up all those air voids. Now, all the while that

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Speaker 1: this is being done, wooden beams are going to be

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Speaker 1: laid across the wall from one face to the next,

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Speaker 1: or logs. They don't necessarily have to be beams, but

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Speaker 1: logs from the inner to the outer face. And wood

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Speaker 1: is also going to be scattered amongst all of the

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Speaker 1: stone debris. So we've got now a bunch of varying

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Speaker 1: sizes of stone and a whole bunch of fuel that's

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Speaker 1: all packed in there, and that's to vitrify the internal

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Speaker 1: core between the two outer solid walls, right correct, because

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Speaker 1: not all of these walls are super thick. I mean

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Speaker 1: some of them are only a couple of feet across sometimes,

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Speaker 1: like you know, yeah, so it varies from wall to wall.

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Speaker 1: So it's probably it would probably. I don't know if

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Speaker 1: it would actually be easier to do a small one

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Speaker 1: versus a large one, because it's easier to get more

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Speaker 1: fuel in the big one. But the point is there's

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Speaker 1: there's tons of fuel, and in this idea of the

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Speaker 1: kiln method, you would then take earth and pack it

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Speaker 1: around a couple of the sides of the wall so

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Speaker 1: that it would then retain what heat is going on.

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Speaker 1: You put turf on top to cap the whole thing,

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Speaker 1: and then you light the whole thing on fire. And

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Speaker 1: from that point, because there is an earthen walls around it,

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Speaker 1: the heat's going to be contained. It's gonna radiate within itself,

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Speaker 1: and it's good. You're gonna get the maximum usage out

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Speaker 1: of that heat from the burning fuel rather than all

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Speaker 1: it's like devons and a camp fire, all that heat

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Speaker 1: would just go whoosh straight up in the air. Instead,

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Speaker 1: it's stuck in there, which is why you know your

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Speaker 1: doors and windows seal so well in your house so

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Speaker 1: you can retain the heat and get the only problem

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Speaker 1: being it's just getting air tier to your fire to

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Speaker 1: make it burn is super hot, and you would absolutely

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Speaker 1: definitely have to have some kind of arrables because you've

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Speaker 1: gotta have you gotta have air flowing through this thing

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Speaker 1: in one way or another. But it's it's basically it's

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Speaker 1: it turns into a giant furnace. It's gonna melt everything inside.

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Speaker 1: And this doesn't necessarily have to have been done when

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Speaker 1: the wall was at its full height, and you could

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Speaker 1: build several feet of wall and cap it and cook

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Speaker 1: it and then dig it out, put the next layer

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Speaker 1: of rock and fuel and do it again, and do

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Speaker 1: it again, which would help prevent stability issues because if

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Speaker 1: you're filling it with wood, then, of course is that

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Speaker 1: would burns and turns the carbon and then our charcoal

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Speaker 1: and then dissipates. The material is going to want to

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Speaker 1: settle in there, and there is obvious, uh, there's obvious

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Speaker 1: signs of posts and beams being in these vitrified forts.

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Speaker 1: They've actually found the impressions, so we know that they

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Speaker 1: were sticking wood inside the wall to some degree at least.

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Speaker 1: So I'm sorry, I'm having a really hard time picturing

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Speaker 1: the way that you're describing this. Okay, here's here's an idea.

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Speaker 1: I mean to use a really dumb analogy. Should what

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Speaker 1: I'm having a hard time picture? Yeah, go ahead, having

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Speaker 1: a hard time picturing where in the wall the wood is.

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Speaker 1: So you've got your wall like this is the wood

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Speaker 1: going through horizontally from front to inner, from the outer

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Speaker 1: to the interface, and then there would be wood inside

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Speaker 1: of it, so running horizontally, they had them. They had

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Speaker 1: them like like vertical as far as I not vertical, horizontal,

380
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Speaker 1: longitudinally and then latitude. Yeah, there's there's wood laid all

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Speaker 1: in this thing. So so basically they made like a

382
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Speaker 1: Lincoln log frame and then filled stones in. That's an

383
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Speaker 1: easy way to think about it. I don't think of

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Speaker 1: it as a Lincoln log as and they built a

385
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Speaker 1: log cabin, but just a framework. Right. But she's she's

386
00:22:32,240 --> 00:22:34,160
Speaker 1: got it right in terms of the way the wood

387
00:22:34,240 --> 00:22:36,560
Speaker 1: would be laid in so that it would get you know,

388
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Speaker 1: would all catch itself on fire, and then you get

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Speaker 1: the maximum square footage of wood to or ratio, Like, yeah,

390
00:22:45,280 --> 00:22:49,679
Speaker 1: you're you're on. Then I don't need a weird, dumb analogy. Okay,

391
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Speaker 1: other theories, and you're probably going to talk about this

392
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Speaker 1: how the wood not being deliberately burned but being part

393
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Speaker 1: of a stabilizing structure between the two outer walls, the

394
00:22:58,600 --> 00:23:01,240
Speaker 1: inner and the outer wall, and being a stabilizing structure

395
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Speaker 1: that kept that whole pile of rubble in between the

396
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Speaker 1: sea walls all kind of I would imagine that would

397
00:23:06,160 --> 00:23:08,399
Speaker 1: be in the killed method. I would imagine that was

398
00:23:08,440 --> 00:23:10,760
Speaker 1: what the earth piled on the outside was meant to

399
00:23:10,800 --> 00:23:14,520
Speaker 1: do rather than wooden structure. The wooden structure would burn up.

400
00:23:14,560 --> 00:23:16,320
Speaker 1: But I'm saying it's like, you know, it's not the

401
00:23:16,680 --> 00:23:19,600
Speaker 1: word was not intended to be burned. Was intended as

402
00:23:19,640 --> 00:23:22,520
Speaker 1: a framework to actually show up the castle walls, got it?

403
00:23:22,600 --> 00:23:25,840
Speaker 1: Got it? Um? Yeah, I don't know. That's hard to say.

404
00:23:26,240 --> 00:23:28,600
Speaker 1: No again, you don't know. I mean, we don't know

405
00:23:28,720 --> 00:23:31,399
Speaker 1: if this was intended to be a framework to make

406
00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:34,040
Speaker 1: it all stronger, or it was intended to be burned

407
00:23:34,359 --> 00:23:36,920
Speaker 1: to create heat. We don't know it. Yeah, which we did?

408
00:23:37,400 --> 00:23:42,680
Speaker 1: Um sumachine, Yeah, I could just picture I'm gonna step

409
00:23:42,680 --> 00:23:44,240
Speaker 1: out of my time my time machine, and I go,

410
00:23:44,440 --> 00:23:51,040
Speaker 1: dude's what you're doing? Who immediately he come from? Why

411
00:23:51,080 --> 00:23:55,440
Speaker 1: did these guys never come back? Um? So really quick,

412
00:23:55,520 --> 00:23:58,159
Speaker 1: let's circle back to something that we talked about as

413
00:23:58,200 --> 00:24:01,479
Speaker 1: we were discussing this method, because will play into everything

414
00:24:01,520 --> 00:24:03,959
Speaker 1: that we talked about later. I talked about the different

415
00:24:04,040 --> 00:24:07,640
Speaker 1: sizes of stone that was going to be thrown into

416
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Speaker 1: the wall for during the construction for the vitrification process.

417
00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:14,480
Speaker 1: Now I had written this down wrong, and thankfully Joe

418
00:24:14,600 --> 00:24:17,960
Speaker 1: caught it. But what it is is the small stones

419
00:24:18,400 --> 00:24:20,280
Speaker 1: have helped me out with what's the proper way to

420
00:24:20,320 --> 00:24:24,280
Speaker 1: put this, Joe. It's to volume ratio, so they're gonna

421
00:24:24,320 --> 00:24:26,960
Speaker 1: melt faster. Yeah, because a big stone is going to

422
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Speaker 1: take a long time to heat all the way through,

423
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Speaker 1: but a small stone is not. So it's it's more

424
00:24:32,720 --> 00:24:35,080
Speaker 1: likely to vitrify. Yeah, because it's like that. You like

425
00:24:35,080 --> 00:24:37,200
Speaker 1: your hands, for example, of a very highest surface to

426
00:24:37,280 --> 00:24:39,760
Speaker 1: volume ratio, which is why you have to wear gloves

427
00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:43,160
Speaker 1: in the wintertime. Yeah. Yeah, Yeah, it's exactly right. Yeah,

428
00:24:43,800 --> 00:24:45,600
Speaker 1: it's totally interrupt you to say the exact same thing.

429
00:24:45,600 --> 00:24:47,879
Speaker 1: You're saying, but the point is that those are the

430
00:24:47,880 --> 00:24:49,920
Speaker 1: ones that are going to vitrify, and they're the ones

431
00:24:49,960 --> 00:24:54,119
Speaker 1: that are gonna end up making fuse everything together to

432
00:24:54,200 --> 00:24:56,119
Speaker 1: make that solid wall kind of makes them into a

433
00:24:56,359 --> 00:24:59,439
Speaker 1: sort of mortar and mortar in themselves. Yeah, it is.

434
00:24:59,520 --> 00:25:03,360
Speaker 1: It is a method of making mortar in a rudimentary fashion.

435
00:25:04,920 --> 00:25:07,479
Speaker 1: It was intended by this process. Yeah, we don't know that.

436
00:25:07,640 --> 00:25:10,360
Speaker 1: We don't know that where this theory is presuming that's

437
00:25:10,359 --> 00:25:15,040
Speaker 1: what it's for. Uh, the second part of the how

438
00:25:15,080 --> 00:25:18,800
Speaker 1: it was done. Second theory is the open fire method,

439
00:25:18,840 --> 00:25:21,480
Speaker 1: which I'm a little dubious on. But but we'll go

440
00:25:21,480 --> 00:25:24,760
Speaker 1: ahead and run through this. Well, I mean, you may

441
00:25:24,760 --> 00:25:27,320
Speaker 1: be dubious, but it does take a lot less like

442
00:25:27,320 --> 00:25:29,880
Speaker 1: like this is way easier. We'll well, we'll talk about

443
00:25:29,920 --> 00:25:32,040
Speaker 1: that in a second. I don't I don't agree with that,

444
00:25:32,080 --> 00:25:34,360
Speaker 1: but that's okay, because we still don't know. So some

445
00:25:34,400 --> 00:25:38,000
Speaker 1: researchers have said, well, listen, it's obvious that they weren't

446
00:25:38,080 --> 00:25:41,000
Speaker 1: using a killed method, and so what the builders were

447
00:25:41,040 --> 00:25:44,879
Speaker 1: doing is they were piling wood on the outside of

448
00:25:44,920 --> 00:25:49,040
Speaker 1: these walls and then maintaining that fire to get enough

449
00:25:49,200 --> 00:25:54,040
Speaker 1: heat to vitrify it. And the research says that in

450
00:25:54,119 --> 00:25:55,720
Speaker 1: order for this to work, what they would have to

451
00:25:55,800 --> 00:25:58,640
Speaker 1: have done is planned this out for a time when

452
00:25:58,640 --> 00:26:00,520
Speaker 1: they knew the wind was going to be blowing in

453
00:26:00,520 --> 00:26:03,000
Speaker 1: a certain direction, so it would act as a billows

454
00:26:03,400 --> 00:26:05,719
Speaker 1: and it would push all of that heat into the

455
00:26:05,720 --> 00:26:10,160
Speaker 1: wall and help keep maintaining it because it's it's pushing

456
00:26:10,240 --> 00:26:13,600
Speaker 1: oxygen into that fire and it's gonna help burn it hot.

457
00:26:13,600 --> 00:26:17,680
Speaker 1: Obviously would be very helpful. Absolutely, although we are saying,

458
00:26:17,720 --> 00:26:20,040
Speaker 1: I mean, this is Scotland, right, I mean, it's not

459
00:26:20,119 --> 00:26:23,360
Speaker 1: like it's not like they don't ever get windy storms, right.

460
00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:29,320
Speaker 1: My thing is, I'm a little unsure about this because

461
00:26:29,359 --> 00:26:31,200
Speaker 1: I know I sent you guys the link to this,

462
00:26:31,280 --> 00:26:34,439
Speaker 1: but there's more than one person who has tried to

463
00:26:34,480 --> 00:26:37,119
Speaker 1: recreate a vitrified fort, and one of them was a

464
00:26:37,119 --> 00:26:40,240
Speaker 1: guy by the name of Ian Ralston who did it

465
00:26:40,280 --> 00:26:44,119
Speaker 1: back in to You Are Too Young, Devon, Joe, Do

466
00:26:44,119 --> 00:26:48,320
Speaker 1: you remember our c Clark's Mysterious World, the TV show? Vaguely?

467
00:26:48,320 --> 00:26:50,400
Speaker 1: I didn't watch at the time. I mean I read

468
00:26:50,400 --> 00:26:51,959
Speaker 1: all of his books when I was a kid, but

469
00:26:51,960 --> 00:26:54,600
Speaker 1: I never not a lot of them. I don't think

470
00:26:54,600 --> 00:26:57,000
Speaker 1: I ever saw the actual show, though I remember this

471
00:26:57,000 --> 00:26:59,840
Speaker 1: show because it has the crystal skull in the intro

472
00:27:00,119 --> 00:27:04,040
Speaker 1: and I always remember that. But Ralston, he's on an

473
00:27:04,080 --> 00:27:07,399
Speaker 1: episode of that show and he builds a wall, and

474
00:27:07,440 --> 00:27:10,440
Speaker 1: he builds a really big wall. It. I'm guessing this

475
00:27:10,640 --> 00:27:12,800
Speaker 1: dimensions are a guest here, but I think it was

476
00:27:12,840 --> 00:27:17,200
Speaker 1: about eight foot high, about ten foot wide, and somewhere

477
00:27:17,240 --> 00:27:20,639
Speaker 1: between fifteen and twenty ft long. And it was a

478
00:27:20,680 --> 00:27:23,080
Speaker 1: free standing wall. He didn't have anything packed around the

479
00:27:23,119 --> 00:27:25,919
Speaker 1: sides or anything like that, but still had wood running

480
00:27:26,040 --> 00:27:29,159
Speaker 1: horizontally or from front to rear face. And then he

481
00:27:29,320 --> 00:27:32,480
Speaker 1: stacked a bunch of wood on top and they lit

482
00:27:32,520 --> 00:27:38,320
Speaker 1: it on fire. The problem is is that it took

483
00:27:38,560 --> 00:27:41,800
Speaker 1: a bunch of wood to get that thing up to

484
00:27:41,840 --> 00:27:44,119
Speaker 1: heat and keep it up to eat, like six truckloads.

485
00:27:44,160 --> 00:27:46,320
Speaker 1: Like I was laughing, and they had to call in

486
00:27:46,359 --> 00:27:50,040
Speaker 1: a order from the local what did they dustman? And

487
00:27:50,040 --> 00:27:55,040
Speaker 1: they were throwing it took him like all day. This

488
00:27:55,119 --> 00:27:57,320
Speaker 1: is a problem with this thing is that you build

489
00:27:57,320 --> 00:27:59,880
Speaker 1: this elien, all this wood against it, light it on fire,

490
00:28:00,119 --> 00:28:01,960
Speaker 1: and most of the heat just goes straight up and

491
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:04,680
Speaker 1: past your wall. Yeah, the campfire issue, you know, the

492
00:28:05,040 --> 00:28:07,119
Speaker 1: only way to really do it is to build a

493
00:28:07,200 --> 00:28:09,840
Speaker 1: packet so much would that eventually you get this big,

494
00:28:09,960 --> 00:28:14,159
Speaker 1: huge pile of just coals like embers, uh, you know,

495
00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:16,200
Speaker 1: up against your wall, and then you'll get some juice

496
00:28:16,200 --> 00:28:19,040
Speaker 1: out of it. But yeah, yeah, And he poured wood

497
00:28:19,119 --> 00:28:24,159
Speaker 1: on it for a day constantly, and in the end,

498
00:28:24,200 --> 00:28:26,320
Speaker 1: like I said, it was about it looked like six

499
00:28:26,480 --> 00:28:31,720
Speaker 1: I think they said six truckloads and so well. The

500
00:28:31,960 --> 00:28:34,879
Speaker 1: sad part was watching them demolished the wall with the

501
00:28:35,240 --> 00:28:39,560
Speaker 1: back ho and he didn't vitrify hardly anything. He got

502
00:28:39,600 --> 00:28:43,240
Speaker 1: some small stones to go to a semi glass like

503
00:28:43,440 --> 00:28:46,720
Speaker 1: state and fuse, but that was much. Yeah. I didn't

504
00:28:46,760 --> 00:28:48,000
Speaker 1: get a lot of action out of it. Yeah, you

505
00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:50,040
Speaker 1: should have just left the ruin for somebody a thousand

506
00:28:50,160 --> 00:28:53,760
Speaker 1: years from now to worry about. Well, the hilarity was,

507
00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:56,520
Speaker 1: of course, Arthur C. Clark is you know in in

508
00:28:56,600 --> 00:29:00,280
Speaker 1: the episode the whole way through doing his dialogue, and

509
00:29:00,400 --> 00:29:04,120
Speaker 1: he talks about the fact that for the vitrified Fords

510
00:29:04,200 --> 00:29:07,480
Speaker 1: that we knew of, and I'm sure there's more been

511
00:29:07,480 --> 00:29:09,680
Speaker 1: found since then, they weren't all found at that time.

512
00:29:10,400 --> 00:29:14,440
Speaker 1: It would have taken at least half of the forests

513
00:29:14,480 --> 00:29:18,120
Speaker 1: of Scotland in order to create enough heat to have

514
00:29:18,320 --> 00:29:21,520
Speaker 1: vitrified all of that that that stone. That's one of

515
00:29:21,560 --> 00:29:23,120
Speaker 1: the one of the issues I have with this is

516
00:29:23,160 --> 00:29:26,160
Speaker 1: the you know, the assumption that they used wood when

517
00:29:26,160 --> 00:29:28,480
Speaker 1: I think they should have used coal. And and there's

518
00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:32,400
Speaker 1: lots of coal in Scotland yea, and I you know,

519
00:29:32,600 --> 00:29:34,280
Speaker 1: and it just seems to be coal was a lot

520
00:29:34,440 --> 00:29:36,760
Speaker 1: would be a lot easier when you're thinking about the

521
00:29:36,880 --> 00:29:40,120
Speaker 1: energy that's in a piece of coal versus a commention

522
00:29:40,200 --> 00:29:42,640
Speaker 1: a piece of wood. You know, if if you're gonna

523
00:29:42,680 --> 00:29:44,960
Speaker 1: have your soldiers laboring day after day after day hauling

524
00:29:45,080 --> 00:29:48,280
Speaker 1: logs up the hillside, versus hauling loads of coal, it

525
00:29:48,320 --> 00:29:49,680
Speaker 1: sounds to me like you get a lot more bang

526
00:29:49,760 --> 00:29:52,920
Speaker 1: for your buck having you were you went down the

527
00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:55,520
Speaker 1: coal path, and I didn't even think too did you

528
00:29:56,240 --> 00:30:00,080
Speaker 1: look up anything to see when the earliest mining of

529
00:30:00,200 --> 00:30:04,760
Speaker 1: coal in Scotland was? Uh, it's not recorded really. I

530
00:30:04,760 --> 00:30:06,840
Speaker 1: mean it's like you know, I mean, you can find

531
00:30:06,880 --> 00:30:09,840
Speaker 1: out about like modern more modern like several centuries ago

532
00:30:09,920 --> 00:30:12,239
Speaker 1: or whatever, you know, and there's there's records about that,

533
00:30:12,280 --> 00:30:16,440
Speaker 1: but beyond that, uh, there's nothing but I wonder about

534
00:30:16,440 --> 00:30:18,640
Speaker 1: But it doesn't mean that they weren't using and digging

535
00:30:18,640 --> 00:30:20,200
Speaker 1: it up. I mean, if the somebody dug up a

536
00:30:20,200 --> 00:30:23,240
Speaker 1: massive coal pit back in the day and and then

537
00:30:23,480 --> 00:30:26,520
Speaker 1: just their their civilization goes away, it gets overtaken by nature. Again,

538
00:30:26,560 --> 00:30:28,320
Speaker 1: nobody knows it's a coal pit. Well, I was just saying,

539
00:30:28,320 --> 00:30:33,000
Speaker 1: I wonder about pete, because pete is a huge But

540
00:30:33,160 --> 00:30:35,800
Speaker 1: I think I think the reason everybody focuses on the

541
00:30:35,840 --> 00:30:39,160
Speaker 1: wood is because, like I said, there's you can see

542
00:30:39,320 --> 00:30:43,840
Speaker 1: impressions and voids that they have identified as having had

543
00:30:43,880 --> 00:30:47,280
Speaker 1: to have been from post. Yeah, but that doesn't necessarily

544
00:30:46,480 --> 00:30:49,920
Speaker 1: do yeah, exactly, because I would think you would need

545
00:30:49,960 --> 00:30:53,240
Speaker 1: an exterior source as well. So you know, maybe it

546
00:30:53,360 --> 00:30:55,840
Speaker 1: is that they, you know, put pete or coal, because

547
00:30:55,840 --> 00:30:58,280
Speaker 1: obviously if they're if their work, if they have forged,

548
00:30:58,400 --> 00:31:01,680
Speaker 1: is they're using coal of some kind, right, I mean,

549
00:31:01,720 --> 00:31:04,360
Speaker 1: that's pretty I'm pretty sure that's the only way you

550
00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:07,320
Speaker 1: can get things to go that high. But maybe not, um,

551
00:31:07,680 --> 00:31:09,320
Speaker 1: you can go pretty high with I mean a house

552
00:31:09,360 --> 00:31:13,120
Speaker 1: fires get up to say, I've had I've had woodstoves,

553
00:31:13,160 --> 00:31:17,480
Speaker 1: so half it's still not high enough. Yeah, So you know,

554
00:31:17,560 --> 00:31:20,320
Speaker 1: I almost wonder if it was like a dual method

555
00:31:20,440 --> 00:31:23,960
Speaker 1: sort of thing, because I mean, for example, it would

556
00:31:23,960 --> 00:31:25,640
Speaker 1: have to be if you're using the logs just to

557
00:31:25,680 --> 00:31:28,560
Speaker 1: stabilize your pile of rocks while you're burning it, and

558
00:31:28,560 --> 00:31:31,680
Speaker 1: then vitrifying it, well, you can't exactly use chunks of

559
00:31:31,720 --> 00:31:35,840
Speaker 1: coal to do that particular function, right, But then bonus

560
00:31:35,920 --> 00:31:40,760
Speaker 1: it burns in like creates more internal heat. Yeah, I

561
00:31:40,800 --> 00:31:43,680
Speaker 1: don't know. Maybe. Well, And here's the thing is, so

562
00:31:44,160 --> 00:31:47,400
Speaker 1: Ralston wasn't the only guy who's ever tried to vitrify

563
00:31:47,440 --> 00:31:50,880
Speaker 1: a wall. There was, and you will see these referenced everywhere.

564
00:31:50,920 --> 00:31:53,880
Speaker 1: But there was two experiments done, one in four and

565
00:31:53,920 --> 00:31:58,600
Speaker 1: again in ninety seven. And the first experiment was very

566
00:31:58,680 --> 00:32:02,000
Speaker 1: similar to Ralston's. They built the wall, they had wood

567
00:32:02,120 --> 00:32:04,560
Speaker 1: running through it, they had stone in the middle. Although

568
00:32:04,600 --> 00:32:07,800
Speaker 1: these guys they cheated a little bit because they used

569
00:32:07,840 --> 00:32:10,360
Speaker 1: fire clay brick for the outsides of the wall, which

570
00:32:10,400 --> 00:32:14,280
Speaker 1: will stack better and it will be much It has

571
00:32:14,320 --> 00:32:18,080
Speaker 1: a better insulative capacity because there's no gaps in the scenes.

572
00:32:18,120 --> 00:32:23,080
Speaker 1: It's not giant holes from stack rock. They did it.

573
00:32:23,080 --> 00:32:26,120
Speaker 1: It was really funny to get the bellows effect. They

574
00:32:26,240 --> 00:32:29,680
Speaker 1: lit it at the beginning of a snowstorm and the

575
00:32:29,760 --> 00:32:32,240
Speaker 1: wind was raging and the whole thing was burning hot.

576
00:32:32,280 --> 00:32:36,200
Speaker 1: But eventually their wall collapsed, so there was a there

577
00:32:36,240 --> 00:32:38,640
Speaker 1: was a fault there. The next day when they checked

578
00:32:38,680 --> 00:32:41,520
Speaker 1: it out, they did find that some of the material

579
00:32:41,760 --> 00:32:46,040
Speaker 1: inside had vitrified, so they had achieved results, but not

580
00:32:46,200 --> 00:32:48,440
Speaker 1: perfect results. Well it almost, I mean, it does again

581
00:32:48,440 --> 00:32:50,520
Speaker 1: in Scotland, and it makes me think of like the

582
00:32:50,640 --> 00:32:53,120
Speaker 1: kind of wind that blows through right before a rainstorm

583
00:32:53,360 --> 00:32:55,120
Speaker 1: when we get them here. I mean, you know, granted

584
00:32:55,200 --> 00:32:58,040
Speaker 1: rain isn't like great for a fire sustained, but if

585
00:32:58,040 --> 00:33:00,560
Speaker 1: it's a hot fire, the rain doesn't matter. So I almo,

586
00:33:00,640 --> 00:33:02,640
Speaker 1: I mean, you know, it's not that hard to say,

587
00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:04,720
Speaker 1: oh yep, it looks like there's a storm coming. Time

588
00:33:04,760 --> 00:33:06,800
Speaker 1: to light that fire. And there's also nothing to say

589
00:33:06,840 --> 00:33:09,560
Speaker 1: that they didn't have these things set up. It wasn't

590
00:33:09,600 --> 00:33:12,040
Speaker 1: like they were just sitting around thinking okay, I guess

591
00:33:12,040 --> 00:33:15,280
Speaker 1: maybe that you know that they would be like, okay,

592
00:33:15,320 --> 00:33:17,400
Speaker 1: well you know we've got it to the stage and

593
00:33:17,520 --> 00:33:19,840
Speaker 1: you know the wind is blowing. Better go light that thing.

594
00:33:20,640 --> 00:33:22,240
Speaker 1: I mean, you get it ready and when the when

595
00:33:22,240 --> 00:33:24,800
Speaker 1: the weather conditions are right. Yeah, because it probably took

596
00:33:24,840 --> 00:33:27,880
Speaker 1: a long time to set this, I mean an era

597
00:33:28,040 --> 00:33:30,720
Speaker 1: of true manual labor. You want to get that stone

598
00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:34,680
Speaker 1: from here to five miles away, you can start dragging it.

599
00:33:34,680 --> 00:33:36,280
Speaker 1: It's gonna take you a while to get it there,

600
00:33:36,360 --> 00:33:38,480
Speaker 1: or the oxen or the horses or whatever. But yeah,

601
00:33:38,560 --> 00:33:41,720
Speaker 1: somebody's going to drag it exactly. Sorry, no, no, no, no, no, no,

602
00:33:41,760 --> 00:33:45,080
Speaker 1: that's that's that's a valid point. And so. But the

603
00:33:45,120 --> 00:33:48,280
Speaker 1: so I talked about, there's also the seven experiment. It

604
00:33:48,400 --> 00:33:51,360
Speaker 1: was actually a heck of a lot more successful. It

605
00:33:51,840 --> 00:33:55,080
Speaker 1: was kind of a hybrid of the stack on the

606
00:33:55,080 --> 00:33:59,320
Speaker 1: outside and the killed method. The same people or another

607
00:33:59,440 --> 00:34:02,360
Speaker 1: group of people, well did this experiment There was they

608
00:34:02,360 --> 00:34:05,880
Speaker 1: had caught into a vitrified wall to excavate it to

609
00:34:06,000 --> 00:34:08,160
Speaker 1: check it out, and then they stacked a bunch of

610
00:34:08,360 --> 00:34:12,759
Speaker 1: material back in that void and they tried the process there.

611
00:34:12,800 --> 00:34:15,840
Speaker 1: So it's capped on the ends. They did manage to

612
00:34:16,000 --> 00:34:20,440
Speaker 1: vitrify a lot of the material. Their wall didn't collapse,

613
00:34:20,520 --> 00:34:23,000
Speaker 1: but it did settle. But in the reading it talks

614
00:34:23,040 --> 00:34:25,480
Speaker 1: about the fact that the way it's settled and how

615
00:34:25,520 --> 00:34:29,840
Speaker 1: and even the top was sort of represents other vitrified walls,

616
00:34:29,920 --> 00:34:34,200
Speaker 1: which again makes sense as things settle and melt and collapse.

617
00:34:34,239 --> 00:34:38,120
Speaker 1: You're gonna get unevennus. I mean what does all that mean.

618
00:34:38,520 --> 00:34:41,080
Speaker 1: It means that I don't know how they did this.

619
00:34:41,360 --> 00:34:47,160
Speaker 1: It's these are the two prevailing methods, pete coal some

620
00:34:47,360 --> 00:34:50,600
Speaker 1: other fuel source. We we really just don't know. I

621
00:34:50,680 --> 00:34:53,520
Speaker 1: really want you guys know that YouTube channel Primitive Technology.

622
00:34:55,200 --> 00:34:57,480
Speaker 1: It's pretty good. Yeah. He it's just this guy that

623
00:34:57,520 --> 00:35:00,719
Speaker 1: goes out into the wilderness and like basically is just

624
00:35:00,760 --> 00:35:02,960
Speaker 1: working his way through primitive technology. I think he's at

625
00:35:02,960 --> 00:35:06,160
Speaker 1: the Stone age. He's making He's got a furnace that

626
00:35:06,239 --> 00:35:09,360
Speaker 1: he's made from clay um that he has like a

627
00:35:09,360 --> 00:35:14,440
Speaker 1: little wind thing and he's making stone. Uh No, it's

628
00:35:14,440 --> 00:35:16,400
Speaker 1: a it's a little fan like a hand row with

629
00:35:16,440 --> 00:35:18,000
Speaker 1: a fan on the bulk of it that's in the

630
00:35:18,040 --> 00:35:20,799
Speaker 1: furnace that like, yeah, basically does a mellow thing. But

631
00:35:21,239 --> 00:35:24,480
Speaker 1: I think he's out he's making stone things now, so

632
00:35:24,600 --> 00:35:26,640
Speaker 1: he's at the stone period. But I really just want

633
00:35:26,760 --> 00:35:29,480
Speaker 1: to tell him, like, hey, next, try to figure this

634
00:35:29,480 --> 00:35:32,200
Speaker 1: thing out, because he is figuring, I mean, you know,

635
00:35:32,280 --> 00:35:35,960
Speaker 1: refiguring things out. It's perverse engineering. It's super cool. He

636
00:35:36,120 --> 00:35:39,200
Speaker 1: just like made an entire mud hut in the middle

637
00:35:39,200 --> 00:35:44,879
Speaker 1: of a forest. Who yeah, but that's the only thing

638
00:35:44,920 --> 00:35:47,440
Speaker 1: modern he uses. It's crazy. Well, you guys, you guys

639
00:35:47,440 --> 00:35:49,400
Speaker 1: should watch him sometimes. But I want him to figure

640
00:35:49,400 --> 00:35:51,840
Speaker 1: this out because I'll check that out really interesting. I

641
00:35:51,880 --> 00:35:53,640
Speaker 1: feel like he would be successful. They would be like

642
00:35:53,719 --> 00:35:55,440
Speaker 1: he'd be like, oh yeah, obviously that's how they did it,

643
00:35:55,480 --> 00:35:57,400
Speaker 1: and do it in like two minutes, and everybody should

644
00:35:57,400 --> 00:36:01,240
Speaker 1: be like because I mean, that's we talked about. There's

645
00:36:01,320 --> 00:36:05,279
Speaker 1: so much fuel needed to make this process happen on

646
00:36:05,320 --> 00:36:11,239
Speaker 1: this scale that nobody right. The math doesn't seem to

647
00:36:11,280 --> 00:36:14,080
Speaker 1: add although I will say I feel like none of

648
00:36:14,080 --> 00:36:17,680
Speaker 1: these experiments probably did justice to the amount of time

649
00:36:17,719 --> 00:36:20,680
Speaker 1: and energy that was put into the originals. You know,

650
00:36:20,719 --> 00:36:23,319
Speaker 1: so we say, well, the you know, the the experiments

651
00:36:23,320 --> 00:36:25,359
Speaker 1: fell down, Well, did you spend a month making them?

652
00:36:25,360 --> 00:36:28,240
Speaker 1: Probably not? Right. Did you spend a year and fifty

653
00:36:28,280 --> 00:36:31,280
Speaker 1: people making them? Probably not? But then again that that

654
00:36:31,280 --> 00:36:33,960
Speaker 1: that makes it even more mysterious, because why the hell

655
00:36:34,000 --> 00:36:35,600
Speaker 1: would they take all the time and trouble to do

656
00:36:35,680 --> 00:36:38,520
Speaker 1: this well to be safer in their homes. Maybe we'll

657
00:36:38,520 --> 00:36:41,799
Speaker 1: actually talk about Yeah, we're gonna talk about why probably Yeah, yeah,

658
00:36:42,680 --> 00:36:46,040
Speaker 1: actually that is aren't we have gone through theory subsection A,

659
00:36:47,000 --> 00:36:50,120
Speaker 1: and we are now about to get into theory subsection B,

660
00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:53,600
Speaker 1: which is why. But first let's take a quick break

661
00:36:59,040 --> 00:37:02,320
Speaker 1: that's just in rich areas. Victoria van Chrest discovered deadnor

662
00:37:02,360 --> 00:37:05,560
Speaker 1: hotel room in Mali while honeymooning. Uh, and of course

663
00:37:05,640 --> 00:37:07,960
Speaker 1: you know gets who the main suspect is. I guess

664
00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:10,560
Speaker 1: it sounds just like the Tina Watson episode, doesn't it.

665
00:37:10,880 --> 00:37:13,080
Speaker 1: But now this is actually part of a new game

666
00:37:13,239 --> 00:37:16,840
Speaker 1: called Dispatch by Breakout Games. You've probably heard of those guys,

667
00:37:16,840 --> 00:37:20,000
Speaker 1: but they are the pioneers of the immersive escape room.

668
00:37:20,120 --> 00:37:21,960
Speaker 1: They've got a new thing. It's a little bit different.

669
00:37:22,719 --> 00:37:25,839
Speaker 1: What happens is every month they send you a new

670
00:37:25,880 --> 00:37:29,520
Speaker 1: installment of a serial mystery game. It's a box full

671
00:37:29,560 --> 00:37:32,040
Speaker 1: of all kinds of clues, puzzles, and and there's also

672
00:37:32,160 --> 00:37:34,720
Speaker 1: some secret online content to help you solve the case.

673
00:37:35,400 --> 00:37:38,000
Speaker 1: But again, it's about a murder mystery. The heiress who's

674
00:37:38,080 --> 00:37:42,560
Speaker 1: murdered on her honeymoon. Her husband James Smith, has disappeared

675
00:37:42,640 --> 00:37:45,319
Speaker 1: and he's the main suspect. But we're thick and there

676
00:37:45,400 --> 00:37:48,000
Speaker 1: might be something bigger and more sinister at hand. But

677
00:37:48,400 --> 00:37:50,000
Speaker 1: you know you're gonna need to figure that out. This

678
00:37:50,040 --> 00:37:52,160
Speaker 1: game is all about you putting on your detective hat

679
00:37:52,760 --> 00:37:56,320
Speaker 1: and solving the mystery. It takes months to do. It's uh,

680
00:37:56,360 --> 00:37:59,040
Speaker 1: I don't know about twelve installments. I think I got

681
00:37:59,040 --> 00:38:00,680
Speaker 1: some of the mail from the the day. My cats

682
00:38:00,680 --> 00:38:02,600
Speaker 1: are very jazzed about it because it comes to the

683
00:38:02,640 --> 00:38:05,200
Speaker 1: cardboard box and say not to getting better than that

684
00:38:05,280 --> 00:38:10,040
Speaker 1: doesn't intrigued. Well, satisfy a curious mind with off your

685
00:38:10,040 --> 00:38:14,640
Speaker 1: first delivery. Go to breakout dispatch dot com slash sideways

686
00:38:14,680 --> 00:38:19,759
Speaker 1: and use this code sideways to subscribe. Again breakout dispatch

687
00:38:20,000 --> 00:38:24,120
Speaker 1: dot com slash sideways and use the code sideways to

688
00:38:24,200 --> 00:38:28,680
Speaker 1: get off your first delivery. So dispatch by Breakout games

689
00:38:28,840 --> 00:38:40,280
Speaker 1: can't approved and we're back. Theory subsection B why why

690
00:38:40,000 --> 00:38:49,160
Speaker 1: why over EMPHASI. Well, decoration is the first reason that

691
00:38:49,480 --> 00:38:54,520
Speaker 1: people might have been doing this. Some researchers have theorized

692
00:38:54,640 --> 00:38:58,800
Speaker 1: that the reason for the process going through the process

693
00:38:58,800 --> 00:39:04,439
Speaker 1: of vitrifying the stone walls was aesthetic. Is basically, if

694
00:39:04,520 --> 00:39:09,480
Speaker 1: you are so rich and so powerful in this time

695
00:39:10,120 --> 00:39:14,880
Speaker 1: of history that you can exert all of that manpower

696
00:39:14,920 --> 00:39:20,080
Speaker 1: and money onto a wall too, then for just decorative reasons, melted.

697
00:39:20,160 --> 00:39:23,600
Speaker 1: And remember things that are glassy inside of a stone

698
00:39:23,600 --> 00:39:25,799
Speaker 1: wall like that, they look a little weird, and the

699
00:39:25,840 --> 00:39:29,440
Speaker 1: colors can be pretty today, not all of them are,

700
00:39:29,480 --> 00:39:32,480
Speaker 1: you know, some of you can't even tell. But melted

701
00:39:32,680 --> 00:39:36,360
Speaker 1: stone is a very unusual thing, and that could have

702
00:39:36,440 --> 00:39:41,000
Speaker 1: been an expression of your wealth or your power to

703
00:39:41,400 --> 00:39:46,160
Speaker 1: those around you, especially if you're a rich trader or

704
00:39:46,200 --> 00:39:51,400
Speaker 1: a king or whatever. I don't know, I mean maybe,

705
00:39:51,440 --> 00:39:54,200
Speaker 1: but that seems like it seems extravagant. But then I

706
00:39:54,239 --> 00:39:57,600
Speaker 1: think about some of the castles that were built, or

707
00:39:57,640 --> 00:40:00,879
Speaker 1: even things that some of the rich people do these days. Yeah,

708
00:40:01,080 --> 00:40:04,560
Speaker 1: just to prove how rich I am. If you look

709
00:40:04,560 --> 00:40:07,960
Speaker 1: at stone work, for example, they want above and beyond

710
00:40:07,960 --> 00:40:11,160
Speaker 1: what they really needed to do. Hey, we're talking above

711
00:40:11,239 --> 00:40:15,360
Speaker 1: and beyond. Let's talk about like the Egyptians who marble

712
00:40:15,480 --> 00:40:20,120
Speaker 1: coated and gold plated their their stone structures to their

713
00:40:20,120 --> 00:40:24,160
Speaker 1: own death. Like what yea, So it's it's not outside

714
00:40:24,160 --> 00:40:28,560
Speaker 1: the realm of possibility. Uh. The next sub theory here

715
00:40:28,600 --> 00:40:31,200
Speaker 1: as to a reason. This is actually one that I

716
00:40:31,239 --> 00:40:34,520
Speaker 1: came up with on my own, and I titled this stability.

717
00:40:35,080 --> 00:40:38,040
Speaker 1: If these walls are a couple of feet thick, if

718
00:40:38,120 --> 00:40:40,239
Speaker 1: We live in Portland where for the last several years

719
00:40:40,280 --> 00:40:43,239
Speaker 1: we've gotten a ton of rain in the wintertime and

720
00:40:43,440 --> 00:40:46,040
Speaker 1: stack stone walls that have been in place for over

721
00:40:46,080 --> 00:40:49,040
Speaker 1: a hundred years have started to blow out because of

722
00:40:49,080 --> 00:40:52,959
Speaker 1: the water pressure. And they're just one layer two layers deep.

723
00:40:53,280 --> 00:40:56,280
Speaker 1: Now imagine what would happen if all of those stones,

724
00:40:56,840 --> 00:41:00,880
Speaker 1: like a concrete or mortared wall, were welded together. They

725
00:41:00,920 --> 00:41:04,080
Speaker 1: would be less likely to bulge out. You wouldn't have

726
00:41:04,160 --> 00:41:06,759
Speaker 1: to build in dead man, which is a you know

727
00:41:06,800 --> 00:41:11,879
Speaker 1: what the dead man is, Okay? It is something that

728
00:41:12,000 --> 00:41:15,440
Speaker 1: penetrates into the embankment of the wall and is like

729
00:41:15,480 --> 00:41:18,600
Speaker 1: a T structure that is tied to the wall. So

730
00:41:19,040 --> 00:41:20,880
Speaker 1: in order from the wall, yeah, it's an anchor for

731
00:41:20,920 --> 00:41:23,200
Speaker 1: the wall to push out that whole T structure that

732
00:41:23,239 --> 00:41:25,200
Speaker 1: dead Man's got to come out. Well, you don't have

733
00:41:25,239 --> 00:41:29,480
Speaker 1: to do that if the entire wall is unified in

734
00:41:29,840 --> 00:41:34,560
Speaker 1: its whole expanse. And Scotland is much like us here

735
00:41:34,560 --> 00:41:36,719
Speaker 1: in terms of they get at least as much, if

736
00:41:36,760 --> 00:41:39,640
Speaker 1: not more rain than we do, so this would be

737
00:41:39,680 --> 00:41:43,040
Speaker 1: a great reason. Take embankments on the hill that your

738
00:41:43,120 --> 00:41:46,319
Speaker 1: villager fort or castle is built on top of and

739
00:41:46,560 --> 00:41:49,200
Speaker 1: vitrify them because the thing is not going to blow

740
00:41:49,239 --> 00:41:56,239
Speaker 1: out from underneath you in giant rain storm or ice. You. Yeah,

741
00:41:56,239 --> 00:41:58,400
Speaker 1: I probably wouldn't have nearly the kind of effect that

742
00:41:58,440 --> 00:42:01,000
Speaker 1: they would on just a simple stack wall. Yeah. I mean,

743
00:42:01,040 --> 00:42:03,360
Speaker 1: you know, if you've got you know, water stuck in

744
00:42:03,400 --> 00:42:05,480
Speaker 1: between every single one of those little rocks and it,

745
00:42:05,760 --> 00:42:08,799
Speaker 1: you know, freezes and expands, and you know, it's going

746
00:42:08,880 --> 00:42:11,440
Speaker 1: to be harder for it to destroy it. So I mean, again,

747
00:42:11,520 --> 00:42:13,839
Speaker 1: this is this is what I was thinking of as

748
00:42:13,880 --> 00:42:16,120
Speaker 1: I was doing the reading. It's not any reading. It's

749
00:42:16,160 --> 00:42:18,200
Speaker 1: what I think of two, which is like weird, but

750
00:42:18,360 --> 00:42:21,600
Speaker 1: nobody else thinks that, which makes me think that there's

751
00:42:21,640 --> 00:42:24,000
Speaker 1: that's like I always have this thing when we have

752
00:42:24,160 --> 00:42:28,800
Speaker 1: some so obvious idea, right, we're missing something. Yeah, absolutely,

753
00:42:28,880 --> 00:42:33,200
Speaker 1: obviously we're just the idiots. That's a way too easy. Well,

754
00:42:33,239 --> 00:42:35,560
Speaker 1: I don't think stability was really the issue though, because

755
00:42:35,560 --> 00:42:37,200
Speaker 1: I mean there's a lot of structures that were built

756
00:42:37,239 --> 00:42:39,120
Speaker 1: back in those days that are still around and so

757
00:42:40,520 --> 00:42:43,239
Speaker 1: maybe stability was not that necessary. I think the stability

758
00:42:43,280 --> 00:42:45,560
Speaker 1: ideas for more of the ones that were built as

759
00:42:45,680 --> 00:42:49,319
Speaker 1: kind of ramparts or embankments, because there is there's one

760
00:42:49,360 --> 00:42:51,840
Speaker 1: I can I don't know the name of it because

761
00:42:51,880 --> 00:42:55,040
Speaker 1: there's so many of them and they are impronounceable for me,

762
00:42:55,120 --> 00:42:59,080
Speaker 1: because I cannot do that like the Scottish Gaelic. Yeah,

763
00:42:59,080 --> 00:43:02,439
Speaker 1: I can't do it. But it is a big hill

764
00:43:02,600 --> 00:43:07,160
Speaker 1: top that is nothing but vitrified stone for what looks

765
00:43:07,160 --> 00:43:10,399
Speaker 1: like to be fifty or a hundred feet of the

766
00:43:10,480 --> 00:43:13,879
Speaker 1: top of that that hill. It's yeah, it's pretty another

767
00:43:13,880 --> 00:43:17,080
Speaker 1: way you're talking about, it's like about a hundred about

768
00:43:17,080 --> 00:43:19,360
Speaker 1: two hundred yards. But it makes sense. Why if you

769
00:43:19,400 --> 00:43:21,520
Speaker 1: were trying to keep that thing from washing out from

770
00:43:21,600 --> 00:43:24,840
Speaker 1: underneath you, why I would think you would vitrify it,

771
00:43:25,719 --> 00:43:28,040
Speaker 1: hold it in place a lot in the case of

772
00:43:28,080 --> 00:43:30,239
Speaker 1: a lot of these, correctly if I'm wrong, but don't.

773
00:43:30,320 --> 00:43:32,600
Speaker 1: Isn't there generally a belief that there was an outer

774
00:43:33,120 --> 00:43:37,279
Speaker 1: layer of larger cut stones that were stacked, you know,

775
00:43:37,480 --> 00:43:39,480
Speaker 1: on the outside of that, and now that those have

776
00:43:39,600 --> 00:43:42,400
Speaker 1: been removed to vitrify or not yet put in place

777
00:43:42,440 --> 00:43:46,960
Speaker 1: to vitrify that stone. That does not sound familiar to me. Yeah,

778
00:43:47,080 --> 00:43:49,440
Speaker 1: most everything I've read about is like, this is the wall,

779
00:43:49,520 --> 00:43:51,360
Speaker 1: and this is what it is, and we're not gonna

780
00:43:51,400 --> 00:43:54,399
Speaker 1: we're not gonna then put a dress layer on. So yeah,

781
00:43:54,480 --> 00:43:56,600
Speaker 1: So in that case, they were just using smaller rocks

782
00:43:56,600 --> 00:43:59,239
Speaker 1: that weren't cut and shaped and everything to stack upon

783
00:43:59,320 --> 00:44:01,319
Speaker 1: one or another. So that's not I guess that would

784
00:44:01,320 --> 00:44:04,440
Speaker 1: be kind of necessary for your stability. Otherwise you're for it.

785
00:44:04,440 --> 00:44:07,120
Speaker 1: It's just kind of like an oversized gravel pile. Exactly,

786
00:44:08,840 --> 00:44:13,440
Speaker 1: exactly right. So let's go into the next layer of

787
00:44:13,600 --> 00:44:18,480
Speaker 1: the theory of why this was done. And this this

788
00:44:18,560 --> 00:44:24,280
Speaker 1: section of why is that it was done for intentionally

789
00:44:24,400 --> 00:44:30,279
Speaker 1: destroying the fort or the walls, and there's subsections to this. Uh,

790
00:44:30,320 --> 00:44:32,919
Speaker 1: and it's going to make a little sense, but we're

791
00:44:32,920 --> 00:44:35,560
Speaker 1: going to start with who would have done this in

792
00:44:35,680 --> 00:44:38,000
Speaker 1: order to destroy the walls? And that is the original

793
00:44:38,040 --> 00:44:41,719
Speaker 1: residence of said fort. It's like, I'm sick of this. Look,

794
00:44:42,239 --> 00:44:46,359
Speaker 1: let's yeah, I have been asking you to redecorate for

795
00:44:46,480 --> 00:44:50,560
Speaker 1: years and you just won't do it. No. The theory

796
00:44:50,640 --> 00:44:55,800
Speaker 1: says that the residents were leaving the place that they lived,

797
00:44:56,080 --> 00:45:00,520
Speaker 1: and instead of leaving this nicely made for to vacation

798
00:45:00,719 --> 00:45:03,600
Speaker 1: for the next group to come along and just occupy

799
00:45:03,719 --> 00:45:07,680
Speaker 1: without exerting any effort. They went ahead and decided that

800
00:45:07,719 --> 00:45:09,600
Speaker 1: what they needed to do was burn that mother to

801
00:45:09,640 --> 00:45:13,280
Speaker 1: the ground. And so they pulled parts of the walls

802
00:45:13,360 --> 00:45:17,319
Speaker 1: down through this fuel in there and then lit the

803
00:45:17,360 --> 00:45:21,879
Speaker 1: whole thing on fire in an attempt to destroy it.

804
00:45:23,160 --> 00:45:26,240
Speaker 1: It's an awful lot of work to do to destroy

805
00:45:26,280 --> 00:45:28,200
Speaker 1: a place you lived up because but it's also like

806
00:45:28,280 --> 00:45:31,480
Speaker 1: two hundred of them over the Yeah, that's like a

807
00:45:31,480 --> 00:45:36,759
Speaker 1: lot of a lot of them. But that the thing

808
00:45:36,800 --> 00:45:39,640
Speaker 1: about it is is that it would be easier just

809
00:45:39,719 --> 00:45:42,439
Speaker 1: to dismantle it than to card the wood or coal

810
00:45:42,520 --> 00:45:44,799
Speaker 1: or whatever up there. It would be. But the other

811
00:45:44,840 --> 00:45:47,120
Speaker 1: thing about that that I that occurred to me is

812
00:45:47,239 --> 00:45:49,480
Speaker 1: if you think about the times and everything, I mean,

813
00:45:49,520 --> 00:45:53,160
Speaker 1: maybe they did it for say, superstitious reasons, like they've

814
00:45:53,200 --> 00:45:55,879
Speaker 1: been living there and they decided for what whatever reason,

815
00:45:55,960 --> 00:45:59,279
Speaker 1: the place was cursed or haunted and they decided it

816
00:45:59,440 --> 00:46:01,640
Speaker 1: had to be to destroyed. It couldn't just be you know,

817
00:46:01,719 --> 00:46:03,800
Speaker 1: we can't just move out, We've got to burn this

818
00:46:03,960 --> 00:46:06,560
Speaker 1: spirit or whatever. Or it could be that maybe there

819
00:46:06,600 --> 00:46:08,480
Speaker 1: was some sort of a plague thing going on and

820
00:46:08,520 --> 00:46:11,600
Speaker 1: they decided that disease that kind they said, decided to

821
00:46:11,600 --> 00:46:15,160
Speaker 1: burn the thing to kill off disease. My I understand that.

822
00:46:15,239 --> 00:46:18,839
Speaker 1: My my issue with it is that it took so

823
00:46:18,920 --> 00:46:22,560
Speaker 1: much time and effort to get the fuel there that

824
00:46:22,719 --> 00:46:26,200
Speaker 1: usually when when people were leaving the site that they

825
00:46:26,280 --> 00:46:30,480
Speaker 1: had lived on, there was two reasons or meaning impending

826
00:46:30,480 --> 00:46:32,200
Speaker 1: threat of war and I got to get my stuff

827
00:46:32,239 --> 00:46:36,160
Speaker 1: and get out of here or famine. I got no food,

828
00:46:36,680 --> 00:46:38,960
Speaker 1: so I'm I'm weak and I need to go somewhere

829
00:46:38,960 --> 00:46:40,919
Speaker 1: to where I can eat, neither of which I would

830
00:46:40,960 --> 00:46:44,920
Speaker 1: think would encourage people to stick around and that and

831
00:46:44,960 --> 00:46:48,080
Speaker 1: do all that work to light the walls and fire

832
00:46:48,160 --> 00:46:52,320
Speaker 1: to destroy them. They mean, it's literally it's raising your home,

833
00:46:53,080 --> 00:46:56,520
Speaker 1: and that's just so much work. In either of those scenarios,

834
00:46:56,520 --> 00:46:58,360
Speaker 1: it's a good argument for building your house or your

835
00:46:58,400 --> 00:46:59,920
Speaker 1: city out of wood. So it's a lot of you

836
00:47:00,400 --> 00:47:02,840
Speaker 1: just you know, torch it. When your enemies think the

837
00:47:02,880 --> 00:47:06,200
Speaker 1: same thing, I know they like it to but and

838
00:47:06,200 --> 00:47:08,840
Speaker 1: that's that's what why I like my my my ghost

839
00:47:08,960 --> 00:47:11,640
Speaker 1: ghost Castle idea a little better, my ghost Forward idea

840
00:47:11,680 --> 00:47:14,400
Speaker 1: a little bit better. Yeah, because yeah, even though that's lonely,

841
00:47:14,440 --> 00:47:17,160
Speaker 1: it's silly, but you know, hey, you gotta curse. You

842
00:47:17,200 --> 00:47:20,200
Speaker 1: gotta do what it takes to get rid of that curse. Okay, well, yeah,

843
00:47:20,320 --> 00:47:22,640
Speaker 1: I like the B part of this theory better. Well,

844
00:47:22,840 --> 00:47:25,440
Speaker 1: the B part of this theory is actually pretty robusting,

845
00:47:25,480 --> 00:47:27,160
Speaker 1: a lot of fun. This is where we're gonna have

846
00:47:27,160 --> 00:47:29,759
Speaker 1: the fun tonight. Not not that we haven't been having

847
00:47:29,760 --> 00:47:35,040
Speaker 1: any fun, I promise. Uh. Section B of intentional destruction

848
00:47:35,280 --> 00:47:39,719
Speaker 1: was that the destroyers were the conquerors, the people who

849
00:47:39,800 --> 00:47:43,040
Speaker 1: conquered that place. I mean, it makes more sense, it does,

850
00:47:43,280 --> 00:47:46,120
Speaker 1: And actually that was very common back in the old days.

851
00:47:46,200 --> 00:47:49,080
Speaker 1: It's happened all throughout the world. They took raising your

852
00:47:49,239 --> 00:47:52,839
Speaker 1: enemies home. Yeah, I mean the torch entire I mean

853
00:47:53,200 --> 00:47:57,600
Speaker 1: entire walled town's, entire cities were completely destroyed. Not just torch,

854
00:47:57,680 --> 00:48:01,400
Speaker 1: but I mean, you know, disassembled, sending the message. Because

855
00:48:01,440 --> 00:48:04,000
Speaker 1: what you're doing, you're sending a message to everybody else.

856
00:48:04,080 --> 00:48:08,080
Speaker 1: If you opposed me, this is your fate. So go

857
00:48:08,160 --> 00:48:12,520
Speaker 1: ahead oppose me, and it's your fault. You knew what

858
00:48:12,680 --> 00:48:15,080
Speaker 1: was coming. I still think it was a little wasteful

859
00:48:16,040 --> 00:48:17,640
Speaker 1: when I think about, like when you think about all

860
00:48:17,680 --> 00:48:20,800
Speaker 1: around you know, all across here, like Alexandria, in places

861
00:48:20,840 --> 00:48:24,759
Speaker 1: like that, all these places that were just completely destroyed

862
00:48:24,920 --> 00:48:27,879
Speaker 1: by the invading army, all throughout ancient Greece and everywhere else.

863
00:48:27,920 --> 00:48:30,040
Speaker 1: You know, they'd still be there and they'd be very

864
00:48:30,080 --> 00:48:33,240
Speaker 1: cool archaeological size today, but damn it, some jerk decided

865
00:48:33,280 --> 00:48:37,040
Speaker 1: to be more fun to take them apart. Yeah. I

866
00:48:37,120 --> 00:48:39,400
Speaker 1: was just thinking, I almost wonder if, because I know

867
00:48:39,440 --> 00:48:41,600
Speaker 1: we're going to talk, actually, why don't you talk about

868
00:48:41,600 --> 00:48:43,000
Speaker 1: the thing you're about to talk about and then I'll

869
00:48:43,000 --> 00:48:44,800
Speaker 1: talk about the thing I'm going to talk about. Okay,

870
00:48:45,080 --> 00:48:48,120
Speaker 1: So she's given me my marching order, so I'm just

871
00:48:48,239 --> 00:48:52,000
Speaker 1: going that. Er. So this part of the theory is,

872
00:48:52,400 --> 00:48:57,200
Speaker 1: so this is theory be Subsection one is that it

873
00:48:57,280 --> 00:49:01,360
Speaker 1: was all done by hand, all of the destruct Again,

874
00:49:02,200 --> 00:49:05,840
Speaker 1: I'd see issues with soldiers who were very who have

875
00:49:05,960 --> 00:49:10,040
Speaker 1: just spent all this time and energy conquering somewhere then

876
00:49:10,200 --> 00:49:14,759
Speaker 1: turning around and having to scavenge the landscape for material

877
00:49:14,960 --> 00:49:22,600
Speaker 1: to burn. Yeah. So here's here's my thing is what

878
00:49:23,080 --> 00:49:26,240
Speaker 1: I don't know what there is to say that these

879
00:49:26,280 --> 00:49:29,960
Speaker 1: walls that the stones weren't actually the middle part, or

880
00:49:30,440 --> 00:49:32,359
Speaker 1: actually I thought they could have been the middle part,

881
00:49:32,440 --> 00:49:37,239
Speaker 1: the filler between two larger walls that were stack stone. Yeah. Well,

882
00:49:37,280 --> 00:49:39,120
Speaker 1: so the reason I'm saying this is it could have

883
00:49:39,160 --> 00:49:42,279
Speaker 1: even earthen walls with wood in the middle, right, and

884
00:49:42,280 --> 00:49:44,520
Speaker 1: that it wasn't that the armies were like, all right,

885
00:49:44,719 --> 00:49:46,799
Speaker 1: was drag a bunch of wood up here to like

886
00:49:46,840 --> 00:49:49,719
Speaker 1: set it on fire, but that they accidentally did the

887
00:49:49,920 --> 00:49:53,080
Speaker 1: kill either of the first methods on how by just

888
00:49:53,080 --> 00:49:55,359
Speaker 1: saying all right, like set the fire, set the fire

889
00:49:55,400 --> 00:49:57,520
Speaker 1: on the wood, just towards the whole thing, and then

890
00:49:57,560 --> 00:50:01,080
Speaker 1: walked away from it. And for whatever reason, by coincidence,

891
00:50:01,120 --> 00:50:03,080
Speaker 1: that the wind was blowing perfectly and there was just

892
00:50:03,160 --> 00:50:06,200
Speaker 1: amount you know, that the conditions were just right for

893
00:50:06,280 --> 00:50:10,200
Speaker 1: it to vitrify the stone walls instead of just you know,

894
00:50:10,239 --> 00:50:13,279
Speaker 1: burning then the stone crumbles and whatever, you know what

895
00:50:13,280 --> 00:50:14,960
Speaker 1: I mean, Like I almost wonder if it was just

896
00:50:15,040 --> 00:50:18,880
Speaker 1: like that, because I again, like the two hundred spread

897
00:50:18,920 --> 00:50:22,240
Speaker 1: over this distance, it's not as though it's like every

898
00:50:22,280 --> 00:50:25,880
Speaker 1: fort in a given space, right, So I almost wonder

899
00:50:25,920 --> 00:50:29,239
Speaker 1: if if there's some sort of addition to the like

900
00:50:29,320 --> 00:50:32,080
Speaker 1: joke keeps thinking right that like that, that maybe that

901
00:50:32,200 --> 00:50:35,040
Speaker 1: wasn't the entire wall, that there was some more components

902
00:50:35,080 --> 00:50:37,200
Speaker 1: to the wall, and that we just don't I mean,

903
00:50:37,200 --> 00:50:39,759
Speaker 1: that's lost to history. It's possible, and and so the

904
00:50:40,120 --> 00:50:42,560
Speaker 1: I mean it's because of the heat that it's taken.

905
00:50:42,600 --> 00:50:46,320
Speaker 1: If this was done right, these fires could have literally

906
00:50:46,360 --> 00:50:49,520
Speaker 1: been burning for days. And in a time and era

907
00:50:49,640 --> 00:50:52,680
Speaker 1: where you don't see lights at night, that is going

908
00:50:52,719 --> 00:50:55,360
Speaker 1: to be very frightening to the villages and towns around

909
00:50:55,400 --> 00:50:57,880
Speaker 1: you to see that that this town is torched and

910
00:50:57,880 --> 00:51:00,840
Speaker 1: it is still on fire three days later. Or but

911
00:51:00,920 --> 00:51:03,040
Speaker 1: at the same time to where you're talking about, like

912
00:51:03,080 --> 00:51:07,279
Speaker 1: maybe it had earthen structure and then would there's a well.

913
00:51:07,280 --> 00:51:09,440
Speaker 1: But I'm thinking is that there's a couple of them

914
00:51:09,480 --> 00:51:11,840
Speaker 1: that it doesn't make sense because they're all different shapes

915
00:51:11,840 --> 00:51:14,280
Speaker 1: and sizes. There's like the one that popped in my mind.

916
00:51:14,400 --> 00:51:17,879
Speaker 1: I think it's called uh Mark's Moat or the Moat

917
00:51:18,000 --> 00:51:20,560
Speaker 1: of Mark. I can't remember which one it is, but

918
00:51:21,080 --> 00:51:25,280
Speaker 1: the images I've seen, it's like a space the let's

919
00:51:25,280 --> 00:51:28,120
Speaker 1: say the size of this this building that we're in,

920
00:51:28,800 --> 00:51:31,719
Speaker 1: but it's all flat, it's all in the ground. There's

921
00:51:31,760 --> 00:51:37,040
Speaker 1: no raised wall, so it's almost like the ground was vitrified.

922
00:51:37,800 --> 00:51:40,640
Speaker 1: So I mean, that might lend credence to where you're

923
00:51:40,680 --> 00:51:42,839
Speaker 1: going with it, but I don't know. I mean, it's

924
00:51:43,560 --> 00:51:48,319
Speaker 1: it's super confusing because because we don't know how it

925
00:51:48,400 --> 00:51:55,080
Speaker 1: was done. That's what's so confusing about the thing about

926
00:51:55,120 --> 00:51:57,399
Speaker 1: it is too, is that maybe you know, if they

927
00:51:57,400 --> 00:52:00,320
Speaker 1: were under siege, for example, which would probably have happened

928
00:52:00,360 --> 00:52:03,399
Speaker 1: before you know, your little fort falls and the then

929
00:52:03,520 --> 00:52:06,239
Speaker 1: vitrified for you. Maybe you know, back in the old

930
00:52:06,280 --> 00:52:08,920
Speaker 1: days of siege warfare, they didn't have siege machines or

931
00:52:08,920 --> 00:52:11,640
Speaker 1: anything else or a huge army. They would just like

932
00:52:12,239 --> 00:52:15,640
Speaker 1: they would just wait them out. Yeah, they would do that,

933
00:52:15,760 --> 00:52:17,759
Speaker 1: and it might have been well, that's that could be

934
00:52:17,840 --> 00:52:20,560
Speaker 1: a long, tedious process sometimes depending on where the water

935
00:52:20,600 --> 00:52:23,719
Speaker 1: supplies inside, how much food they got squirreled away. Maybe

936
00:52:23,760 --> 00:52:25,600
Speaker 1: a more proactive way to do it is to go

937
00:52:25,680 --> 00:52:28,880
Speaker 1: cut down the forest nearby, stack up all those trees

938
00:52:28,880 --> 00:52:31,359
Speaker 1: and lumber all the way around the fort, and just

939
00:52:31,440 --> 00:52:33,560
Speaker 1: light it and just light it and you could basically

940
00:52:33,640 --> 00:52:37,839
Speaker 1: asphixiate probably everybody inside the place. You probably you probably could,

941
00:52:37,920 --> 00:52:40,719
Speaker 1: and your problem is done, and so you're just like, hey,

942
00:52:41,080 --> 00:52:42,560
Speaker 1: that's it. And of course you sort of do a

943
00:52:42,600 --> 00:52:44,759
Speaker 1: little bitrification at the same time, but the purpose is

944
00:52:44,800 --> 00:52:48,680
Speaker 1: really just effect yea, yeah, yeah, yeah, that's I guess

945
00:52:48,719 --> 00:52:51,240
Speaker 1: that's kind of my thoughts as well as that it's

946
00:52:51,280 --> 00:52:54,839
Speaker 1: you know, there's nothing to say this was intentional, right

947
00:52:55,160 --> 00:52:58,360
Speaker 1: though again we well we're actually gonna get into some

948
00:52:58,400 --> 00:53:02,840
Speaker 1: intentional reasons, so we we destruction. Well, yeah, in the

949
00:53:03,000 --> 00:53:06,080
Speaker 1: in the destruction by the conquerors theory, there are some

950
00:53:06,239 --> 00:53:09,839
Speaker 1: intentional ways that this possibly could have done. Let's let's

951
00:53:09,840 --> 00:53:12,480
Speaker 1: actually those are the next bits that we have. This

952
00:53:12,560 --> 00:53:18,080
Speaker 1: is my original theory. Yes, I know, so this one

953
00:53:18,360 --> 00:53:20,960
Speaker 1: is saying that the conquerors did this, but much like

954
00:53:21,080 --> 00:53:24,080
Speaker 1: Joe said, they did it as a way to burn

955
00:53:24,200 --> 00:53:28,640
Speaker 1: their enemies out. And they did it using archimedes death ray,

956
00:53:28,880 --> 00:53:31,239
Speaker 1: which is really fun. And for those of you who

957
00:53:31,320 --> 00:53:34,839
Speaker 1: have not heard of archimedes death ray, uh, it's an

958
00:53:34,840 --> 00:53:37,120
Speaker 1: invention that he came up with. It's called his death

959
00:53:37,200 --> 00:53:41,360
Speaker 1: ray or his heat ray. Archimedes lived about two hundred

960
00:53:41,480 --> 00:53:47,959
Speaker 1: BC E but he's described in the Siege of Syracuse

961
00:53:48,320 --> 00:53:52,880
Speaker 1: as having destroyed the ships of the Romans using a

962
00:53:53,000 --> 00:53:56,919
Speaker 1: device which was basically a series of giant mirrors that

963
00:53:56,960 --> 00:54:01,080
Speaker 1: focused the sunlight and would catch those ships on fire.

964
00:54:01,120 --> 00:54:05,359
Speaker 1: Then they obviously they burn sinkster did, yes, they did?

965
00:54:05,440 --> 00:54:07,800
Speaker 1: How did it turn out? Not so good? It's actually

966
00:54:07,800 --> 00:54:09,839
Speaker 1: one of my favorite screen caps of all time from

967
00:54:09,880 --> 00:54:13,000
Speaker 1: MythBusters has just got Adams Savage standing in like kind

968
00:54:13,000 --> 00:54:14,960
Speaker 1: of a bright light saying I'm standing right in the

969
00:54:14,960 --> 00:54:17,560
Speaker 1: death Oh no, it's not even Adam, it's Jamie, one

970
00:54:17,600 --> 00:54:20,880
Speaker 1: of them standing in the middle of a bright slightly

971
00:54:20,920 --> 00:54:23,200
Speaker 1: bright spot and saying, as you can see, I'm standing

972
00:54:23,239 --> 00:54:27,959
Speaker 1: right in our death ray and I'm not dead. Yeah,

973
00:54:28,080 --> 00:54:32,279
Speaker 1: but they I mean, yeah, it's certainly they had this

974
00:54:32,360 --> 00:54:36,000
Speaker 1: technology in northern Scotland at the time, and the enemies

975
00:54:36,040 --> 00:54:39,360
Speaker 1: were directing the beams of their death rays on the

976
00:54:39,400 --> 00:54:42,120
Speaker 1: walls of the fort and melting them. It actually is

977
00:54:42,520 --> 00:54:45,439
Speaker 1: a viable technology, but the array of mirrors you would

978
00:54:45,440 --> 00:54:46,640
Speaker 1: have to have it. You've seen that. You've seen that

979
00:54:46,760 --> 00:54:50,080
Speaker 1: solar collector in southern California, right, and one that's got

980
00:54:50,080 --> 00:54:52,480
Speaker 1: the big tower with the bulb. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah,

981
00:54:52,520 --> 00:54:54,040
Speaker 1: I mean that day is what is that thing like

982
00:54:54,080 --> 00:54:56,360
Speaker 1: a kilometer in diameter or something like that. I have

983
00:54:56,440 --> 00:54:58,799
Speaker 1: no idea. Yeah, I mean, and it made a pretty

984
00:54:58,880 --> 00:55:02,720
Speaker 1: huge array of mirrors first shire, So its great idea,

985
00:55:03,400 --> 00:55:07,040
Speaker 1: but I think it's pretty funny. Okay, We'll go on

986
00:55:07,080 --> 00:55:10,600
Speaker 1: to the next tool that the enemies were using. Uh,

987
00:55:10,640 --> 00:55:14,960
Speaker 1: that is Greek fire, which if you don't know what

988
00:55:15,040 --> 00:55:18,919
Speaker 1: Greek fire is, well nobody else knows. Yeah, so good.

989
00:55:18,960 --> 00:55:22,880
Speaker 1: Any but Greek fire was most likely some form of

990
00:55:23,040 --> 00:55:25,919
Speaker 1: crude petroleum. I just want to point out the number

991
00:55:25,920 --> 00:55:28,279
Speaker 1: of times you use the word crude in this. What's

992
00:55:28,280 --> 00:55:32,200
Speaker 1: because it's crude. It's crude. I can't have to joke

993
00:55:32,320 --> 00:55:37,360
Speaker 1: because it's crude oil. What would happen is, so the

994
00:55:37,480 --> 00:55:40,760
Speaker 1: Romans used this, and they would they used it naval

995
00:55:40,760 --> 00:55:43,000
Speaker 1: battles because it's scared the hell out of their enemies

996
00:55:43,280 --> 00:55:46,080
Speaker 1: because it's petroleum. So it burns while it's on top

997
00:55:46,120 --> 00:55:48,719
Speaker 1: of the water. And what they would do, Yeah, so

998
00:55:48,760 --> 00:55:50,920
Speaker 1: they sprayed at their enemies, or they would throw it

999
00:55:50,960 --> 00:55:55,800
Speaker 1: in these kind of rudimentary grenades, yeah, like phases or whatnot,

1000
00:55:55,880 --> 00:55:58,319
Speaker 1: and it would hit and it would splatter everywhere, and

1001
00:55:58,320 --> 00:56:00,520
Speaker 1: then somehow they would you know, shoot it arrow at

1002
00:56:00,520 --> 00:56:02,279
Speaker 1: it that was on fire. You know, the the old

1003
00:56:02,320 --> 00:56:05,400
Speaker 1: movie trope of shoot the burning arrow. That's what they

1004
00:56:05,440 --> 00:56:10,520
Speaker 1: would do. So the theory goes that the invaders had

1005
00:56:10,960 --> 00:56:13,920
Speaker 1: Greek fire and they were throwing it at the wall

1006
00:56:14,400 --> 00:56:18,719
Speaker 1: and that was the fuel that then created such intense

1007
00:56:18,800 --> 00:56:22,080
Speaker 1: heats that it vitrified the stones. I mean, I guess

1008
00:56:23,440 --> 00:56:26,000
Speaker 1: I actually would say that if this were true, it

1009
00:56:26,040 --> 00:56:28,560
Speaker 1: would I would put this more on me. We did

1010
00:56:28,560 --> 00:56:30,960
Speaker 1: it intentionally in the building process, because it would be

1011
00:56:30,960 --> 00:56:33,400
Speaker 1: a hell of a lot easier to create the heat

1012
00:56:33,800 --> 00:56:36,560
Speaker 1: with this kind of fuel source than it would be

1013
00:56:36,640 --> 00:56:39,879
Speaker 1: packing all that would to the site. Yeah, except for

1014
00:56:40,200 --> 00:56:42,560
Speaker 1: you know, the people who were building the forts might

1015
00:56:42,600 --> 00:56:45,400
Speaker 1: not have had Greek fire slash petroleum. But if they

1016
00:56:45,440 --> 00:56:47,080
Speaker 1: had Greek fire, then it would be a hell of

1017
00:56:47,080 --> 00:56:49,600
Speaker 1: a lot easier. Agreed. But the isn't this theory that

1018
00:56:49,640 --> 00:56:54,240
Speaker 1: the attackers had Greek fire. I feel like it would

1019
00:56:54,239 --> 00:56:57,359
Speaker 1: make more sense if it had been the builders had

1020
00:56:57,360 --> 00:56:59,400
Speaker 1: the Greek because if Greek fire, if the technology of

1021
00:56:59,440 --> 00:57:03,320
Speaker 1: Greek fire existed, then you would think that most everybody

1022
00:57:03,480 --> 00:57:06,560
Speaker 1: would know most everybody, I understand, the technology is not

1023
00:57:06,719 --> 00:57:12,560
Speaker 1: universally applied. Well, I guess not necessarily, because you you know, petroleum,

1024
00:57:12,600 --> 00:57:15,960
Speaker 1: you have to actually like mine, right, he's not mine.

1025
00:57:16,160 --> 00:57:19,600
Speaker 1: Theres even in the ancient world in the Middle East

1026
00:57:19,600 --> 00:57:22,920
Speaker 1: where it was actually just right, but in the Middle

1027
00:57:22,920 --> 00:57:26,040
Speaker 1: East not in Scotland, right, So it was trade going

1028
00:57:26,080 --> 00:57:28,080
Speaker 1: on between the Middle East of scott But if we're saying,

1029
00:57:28,080 --> 00:57:33,520
Speaker 1: like the Romans of the prehistoric North Scotland to Arabia

1030
00:57:33,640 --> 00:57:38,760
Speaker 1: pipeline exactly, it's made out of bamboo. But yeah, it worked. Yea.

1031
00:57:39,240 --> 00:57:41,360
Speaker 1: I'm just saying that the Romans had a lot of

1032
00:57:41,360 --> 00:57:45,840
Speaker 1: control in the Middle East in this time, right, Scotland didn't. Um.

1033
00:57:45,920 --> 00:57:47,920
Speaker 1: So if we're saying, you know, it is the Romans

1034
00:57:47,920 --> 00:57:51,480
Speaker 1: are coming to invade Scotland, they could have easily had

1035
00:57:51,520 --> 00:57:53,640
Speaker 1: access to something that they didn't have in Scotland, which

1036
00:57:53,640 --> 00:57:56,919
Speaker 1: is petroleum, which you know, I think this is actually

1037
00:57:56,960 --> 00:58:00,160
Speaker 1: one of the better theories somehow. Honestly, it's good to know.

1038
00:58:00,720 --> 00:58:05,080
Speaker 1: You know, it's a really crappy theory. Nukes, Yes, there

1039
00:58:05,480 --> 00:58:08,960
Speaker 1: is that. It was nuclear weapons. This is the greatest

1040
00:58:08,960 --> 00:58:13,640
Speaker 1: thing freaking internets. Somebody on the internet once when hey,

1041
00:58:13,800 --> 00:58:18,600
Speaker 1: you know, nuclear blasts or hot enough to melt stone, wait,

1042
00:58:19,120 --> 00:58:22,800
Speaker 1: vitrified stones happened in the ancient world. The ancients had

1043
00:58:22,960 --> 00:58:27,080
Speaker 1: nuclear weapons. I really, I think that's all the further

1044
00:58:27,160 --> 00:58:29,440
Speaker 1: we need to take it, because that would be so

1045
00:58:29,720 --> 00:58:34,720
Speaker 1: I mean that that that family guy skit which we've

1046
00:58:34,720 --> 00:58:37,440
Speaker 1: talked about before. I don't think this is it. No,

1047
00:58:37,600 --> 00:58:39,840
Speaker 1: it's part of the problem is is that you got

1048
00:58:40,320 --> 00:58:43,080
Speaker 1: we're talking like, I mean, the temperature is right at

1049
00:58:43,120 --> 00:58:45,560
Speaker 1: ground zero and a nuclear blast were like five million

1050
00:58:46,600 --> 00:58:50,000
Speaker 1: something ludicrous like that. So this would be way further out,

1051
00:58:50,440 --> 00:58:52,760
Speaker 1: and there would be all kinds of vitrified stuff in

1052
00:58:52,800 --> 00:58:55,680
Speaker 1: a circle, you know, along with you and a radius,

1053
00:58:55,680 --> 00:58:57,440
Speaker 1: and creator would be a creator. I mean, the creator

1054
00:58:57,480 --> 00:59:00,320
Speaker 1: could have overgrown, but there would have to be other

1055
00:59:00,360 --> 00:59:03,120
Speaker 1: bitrified you find like maybe a cliff or a rock

1056
00:59:03,200 --> 00:59:06,040
Speaker 1: face and I've been subbly melted, you know, in the

1057
00:59:06,120 --> 00:59:08,320
Speaker 1: area you find all kinds of stuff like that. I mean,

1058
00:59:08,400 --> 00:59:12,160
Speaker 1: there would be. But don't you left out my favorite theory,

1059
00:59:12,400 --> 00:59:18,880
Speaker 1: which is, according to ancient astronaut theorists, um, ancient alien

1060
00:59:19,000 --> 00:59:22,480
Speaker 1: technology could have been employed here. It's such a thing

1061
00:59:22,520 --> 00:59:27,120
Speaker 1: even possible. It is. What if they had a battle,

1062
00:59:27,200 --> 00:59:30,640
Speaker 1: wasn't invading Aliens and and they got like laser or

1063
00:59:30,640 --> 00:59:36,880
Speaker 1: something like that, Scotsman versus Aliens. It's such a thing

1064
00:59:36,920 --> 00:59:41,880
Speaker 1: even possible. Yes, why not? It is? Is it irrefutable? No?

1065
00:59:42,920 --> 00:59:47,560
Speaker 1: Is it possible? Yes? Actually it is. I think it

1066
00:59:47,720 --> 00:59:49,920
Speaker 1: is irrefutable because can you come up with like a

1067
00:59:49,960 --> 00:59:53,880
Speaker 1: good way to refute that? Drunk? Yes, are you drunk?

1068
00:59:55,000 --> 00:59:58,760
Speaker 1: That's problem? All right, you guys got any other theories

1069
00:59:58,800 --> 01:00:01,240
Speaker 1: you want to run through this one? Just a quick question.

1070
01:00:01,320 --> 01:00:04,040
Speaker 1: I'm not I'm not really sure how much archaeology they've

1071
01:00:04,040 --> 01:00:06,640
Speaker 1: done around these things. I mean, do they keep calling

1072
01:00:06,680 --> 01:00:10,080
Speaker 1: them vitrified forts? Do they? Does anybody actually know if

1073
01:00:10,120 --> 01:00:13,200
Speaker 1: they're truly fortu or not. Well, some of the a

1074
01:00:13,360 --> 01:00:15,760
Speaker 1: number of them, it is obvious that there was a

1075
01:00:15,760 --> 01:00:18,600
Speaker 1: settlement inside of them, Like the one I was talking

1076
01:00:18,640 --> 01:00:21,880
Speaker 1: about that looks like it's on the giant embankments. There's

1077
01:00:21,960 --> 01:00:25,600
Speaker 1: one where it is um, oh gosh, what is the

1078
01:00:26,000 --> 01:00:33,680
Speaker 1: it's two columns with an arch that. Yeah, So like

1079
01:00:33,720 --> 01:00:37,360
Speaker 1: that's very intentionally done and somebody lived in that. The

1080
01:00:37,400 --> 01:00:40,520
Speaker 1: reason the reason I'm asking is, you know, maybe they

1081
01:00:40,520 --> 01:00:42,400
Speaker 1: were not built before its Maybe they were built to

1082
01:00:42,440 --> 01:00:46,880
Speaker 1: be ceremonial site and maybe lighting a giant bonfire to

1083
01:00:46,920 --> 01:00:48,920
Speaker 1: the gods once a year or once and a once

1084
01:00:48,960 --> 01:00:51,280
Speaker 1: in a lifetime or whatever. That's how they broke it in.

1085
01:00:51,560 --> 01:00:53,920
Speaker 1: It's like we gotta seremon this mornial site. Now we've

1086
01:00:53,920 --> 01:00:55,919
Speaker 1: gotta like, you know, pile of this wood or coal

1087
01:00:56,000 --> 01:00:59,240
Speaker 1: or whatever and have this huge fire and because I

1088
01:00:59,240 --> 01:01:03,680
Speaker 1: mean they're actually on fires, yeah, or even like funeral fires. Yeah,

1089
01:01:03,720 --> 01:01:05,640
Speaker 1: it could have been that two sacrifices. But I mean

1090
01:01:05,800 --> 01:01:08,280
Speaker 1: there's places like if you look at Sexy Woman in

1091
01:01:08,480 --> 01:01:10,880
Speaker 1: in Peru, which looks if you look at it, it

1092
01:01:10,920 --> 01:01:15,520
Speaker 1: looks like we're just a huge, freaking three tiered fortress.

1093
01:01:15,640 --> 01:01:17,200
Speaker 1: And I said, I said, I've got pictures of it.

1094
01:01:17,240 --> 01:01:19,440
Speaker 1: I'm sure you guys have seen pictures of it. It's

1095
01:01:19,440 --> 01:01:22,920
Speaker 1: amazingly impressive. And but it's not a fortress at all.

1096
01:01:22,920 --> 01:01:24,560
Speaker 1: It was not built to be a fortress. It was

1097
01:01:24,600 --> 01:01:28,080
Speaker 1: actually built just as a ceremonial site. And so you know,

1098
01:01:28,160 --> 01:01:31,080
Speaker 1: it's entirely possible these things were built as ceremonial sites

1099
01:01:31,160 --> 01:01:34,200
Speaker 1: and there was no invader, conquer or whatever. They just

1100
01:01:34,280 --> 01:01:37,520
Speaker 1: had a religious ceremony on their hands. Yeah, they had

1101
01:01:37,640 --> 01:01:39,720
Speaker 1: too much time on their hands. Well you know, I

1102
01:01:39,760 --> 01:01:42,040
Speaker 1: mean people did make the time to do stuff. I

1103
01:01:42,040 --> 01:01:44,400
Speaker 1: mean again back to back to Peru and sex type woman.

1104
01:01:44,440 --> 01:01:46,800
Speaker 1: I mean, obviously that took a massive amount of effort

1105
01:01:46,800 --> 01:01:49,360
Speaker 1: to build that thing, and those people did it. And uh,

1106
01:01:49,360 --> 01:01:51,640
Speaker 1: and so it could have been just you know, once

1107
01:01:51,640 --> 01:01:53,440
Speaker 1: a year or once in a lifetime whatever, we had

1108
01:01:53,440 --> 01:01:56,760
Speaker 1: this massive fire and for to a piece of gods

1109
01:01:56,840 --> 01:01:59,880
Speaker 1: or something. Yeah, I mean I can't see that. That's

1110
01:02:00,160 --> 01:02:03,720
Speaker 1: not right, you know, I mean, it's it's entirely possible

1111
01:02:03,960 --> 01:02:06,640
Speaker 1: because again, as I've said a jillion times, you have

1112
01:02:06,680 --> 01:02:10,040
Speaker 1: no nobody had. We can all speculate or another possibility

1113
01:02:10,040 --> 01:02:13,960
Speaker 1: I'm sewing this up for our archaeology like anthropology, major listeners.

1114
01:02:14,360 --> 01:02:17,240
Speaker 1: Another possibility is supposing they were ceremonial sites and the

1115
01:02:17,240 --> 01:02:19,960
Speaker 1: fires were not not part of the ceremony, but there

1116
01:02:20,040 --> 01:02:22,560
Speaker 1: was like you know, it's happened sometimes in human history,

1117
01:02:22,920 --> 01:02:25,400
Speaker 1: there was kind of a change of religion and suddenly

1118
01:02:25,440 --> 01:02:28,960
Speaker 1: the old stealing it. You almost need to be like

1119
01:02:29,040 --> 01:02:31,920
Speaker 1: kind of scoured and done away with. And so you know,

1120
01:02:31,960 --> 01:02:34,480
Speaker 1: maybe that's the reason that they were all all flamed,

1121
01:02:34,600 --> 01:02:37,200
Speaker 1: because otherwise, when you think about it, if you're the invader,

1122
01:02:37,280 --> 01:02:40,800
Speaker 1: and it makes it's less work to just dismantle it

1123
01:02:41,320 --> 01:02:44,120
Speaker 1: and sow the stones down the hillside, then the card

1124
01:02:44,200 --> 01:02:47,320
Speaker 1: in all that number, it's less work if you're the invader.

1125
01:02:47,960 --> 01:02:49,760
Speaker 1: And and also, by the way, some of those stones

1126
01:02:49,840 --> 01:02:51,840
Speaker 1: might even be useful. You know, you build your own

1127
01:02:51,840 --> 01:02:53,680
Speaker 1: stuff out, but yeah, you can call them a way

1128
01:02:53,720 --> 01:02:56,560
Speaker 1: to build your new castle. Yeah you could do that too.

1129
01:02:56,600 --> 01:02:58,800
Speaker 1: But yeah, so so to me, it makes utterly no

1130
01:02:58,880 --> 01:03:03,280
Speaker 1: sense in terms of destroying just somebody's city to to

1131
01:03:03,360 --> 01:03:06,720
Speaker 1: try to burn it like that. It just doesn't. So

1132
01:03:06,720 --> 01:03:08,520
Speaker 1: so yeah, if it makes no sense, but let's bring

1133
01:03:08,520 --> 01:03:10,240
Speaker 1: in some religion to see if that explains it, or

1134
01:03:10,280 --> 01:03:13,640
Speaker 1: superstition or something like that. Yeah, yeah, maybe maybe that

1135
01:03:13,680 --> 01:03:17,560
Speaker 1: would be because that's not practical. I'm not putting down religion,

1136
01:03:18,040 --> 01:03:19,920
Speaker 1: but when you're talking about like, you know, you're an

1137
01:03:19,960 --> 01:03:22,360
Speaker 1: invading army, you want to do what's practical. Oh yeah,

1138
01:03:22,440 --> 01:03:25,360
Speaker 1: you've practical. You've already killed everybody. Now how do we

1139
01:03:25,480 --> 01:03:28,200
Speaker 1: just mantle this the most efficient way possible? Well, I

1140
01:03:28,240 --> 01:03:30,680
Speaker 1: think that's a good a good point to to break

1141
01:03:30,720 --> 01:03:34,880
Speaker 1: this off always the best I don't want to. Yeah,

1142
01:03:34,880 --> 01:03:37,720
Speaker 1: I'm sorry if anybody's offended by that. And we know

1143
01:03:37,800 --> 01:03:41,400
Speaker 1: everybody understands that. Yeah, you're not bashing Joe. Oh yeah,

1144
01:03:40,760 --> 01:03:44,160
Speaker 1: but I don't know, but I think anything else thought

1145
01:03:44,200 --> 01:03:47,680
Speaker 1: that that. Nope, that's about it. Yeah, aliens religion, and

1146
01:03:47,960 --> 01:03:50,760
Speaker 1: we really cover the Gama. Yeah, we really pretty hard.

1147
01:03:50,920 --> 01:03:53,760
Speaker 1: All right, Well this is a good classic. Okay, okay,

1148
01:03:53,840 --> 01:03:56,360
Speaker 1: Well let's give you all of the important details about

1149
01:03:56,400 --> 01:04:00,360
Speaker 1: the podcast. We've got a website Thinking Sideways Podcast dot Calm,

1150
01:04:00,440 --> 01:04:03,440
Speaker 1: where you can find all of our episodes and on

1151
01:04:03,520 --> 01:04:05,920
Speaker 1: there you're going to find some of our research links.

1152
01:04:06,200 --> 01:04:09,600
Speaker 1: You'll find links to merchandise as well as the full

1153
01:04:09,680 --> 01:04:12,520
Speaker 1: episode list, which is a separate page that you can

1154
01:04:12,520 --> 01:04:14,760
Speaker 1: then search for any stories to see if we've done

1155
01:04:14,760 --> 01:04:18,240
Speaker 1: them in the past. Stories out there are. We are

1156
01:04:18,320 --> 01:04:21,720
Speaker 1: on social media, so we're on Twitter, we're Thinking Sideways

1157
01:04:21,800 --> 01:04:24,600
Speaker 1: without the G. We're on Facebook where we have the

1158
01:04:24,640 --> 01:04:27,600
Speaker 1: Facebook page and the Facebook group. You want to join

1159
01:04:27,640 --> 01:04:29,280
Speaker 1: the group, which you should do because it's a lot

1160
01:04:29,280 --> 01:04:32,200
Speaker 1: of fun. Make sure to answer those questions. Uh. And

1161
01:04:32,440 --> 01:04:34,760
Speaker 1: we're on Reddit, so we got our own subreddit, which

1162
01:04:34,760 --> 01:04:38,080
Speaker 1: has always got conversations going on. Great and small, but

1163
01:04:38,120 --> 01:04:42,280
Speaker 1: there's conversations going on true because it's Reddit. We're available

1164
01:04:42,520 --> 01:04:45,440
Speaker 1: on just about every streaming site, so you can stream

1165
01:04:45,440 --> 01:04:48,720
Speaker 1: it through our website. You can download us through iTunes

1166
01:04:48,840 --> 01:04:52,480
Speaker 1: or use Google Play or Stitcher or whoever you know

1167
01:04:52,560 --> 01:04:54,520
Speaker 1: who you're using, and if you like to use them,

1168
01:04:54,560 --> 01:04:57,040
Speaker 1: continue to use them. Obviously you're probably listening to us

1169
01:04:57,040 --> 01:05:00,360
Speaker 1: through them. If you are able to, please take the

1170
01:05:00,360 --> 01:05:03,000
Speaker 1: time to leave a comment and a rating. We appreciate

1171
01:05:03,040 --> 01:05:05,920
Speaker 1: that and helps people find us. And the last, but

1172
01:05:06,000 --> 01:05:07,800
Speaker 1: not least, if you want to talk to us, you

1173
01:05:07,800 --> 01:05:09,680
Speaker 1: want to communicate with us, and you don't like doing

1174
01:05:09,720 --> 01:05:12,360
Speaker 1: so through social media, you can always go ahead and

1175
01:05:12,400 --> 01:05:15,640
Speaker 1: send us an email. So if you've got questions, you've

1176
01:05:15,680 --> 01:05:18,760
Speaker 1: got concerns, you want to give us a backhanded compliment,

1177
01:05:19,040 --> 01:05:21,520
Speaker 1: you can do all of that through our email, which

1178
01:05:21,560 --> 01:05:26,040
Speaker 1: is Thinking Sideways podcast at gmail dot com. And with

1179
01:05:26,200 --> 01:05:29,320
Speaker 1: that having been said and all those bases covered, I

1180
01:05:29,320 --> 01:05:32,360
Speaker 1: think it's time to rock on. You've been saving that

1181
01:05:32,400 --> 01:05:35,280
Speaker 1: one the entire episode, haven't you. Yep. He spends the

1182
01:05:35,480 --> 01:05:39,680
Speaker 1: entire the entire week just thinking three weeks. I'm pretty

1183
01:05:39,720 --> 01:05:43,600
Speaker 1: sure it's a hard job. Oh my god. All right,

1184
01:05:43,640 --> 01:05:47,680
Speaker 1: well I'm I'm all burned out, so uh yeah, I'm

1185
01:05:47,680 --> 01:06:00,120
Speaker 1: gonna flaming out here. Okay, solid by O