1 00:00:01,280 --> 00:00:04,320 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class, a production 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:13,680 Speaker 1: of I Heart Radio. Hello and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:13,760 --> 00:00:17,279 Speaker 1: I'm Tracy V. Wilson and I'm Holly Fry. It is 4 00:00:17,320 --> 00:00:22,320 Speaker 1: time for Unearthed Part two. This part two of this 5 00:00:22,520 --> 00:00:25,680 Speaker 1: Times Unearthed has the shipwrecks and the exhumations and some 6 00:00:25,720 --> 00:00:31,000 Speaker 1: repatriations um more stuff than I was expecting about vikings, 7 00:00:31,840 --> 00:00:36,199 Speaker 1: along with some other categories. Although this time around we 8 00:00:36,280 --> 00:00:40,040 Speaker 1: did not have a standalone episode update section like we've 9 00:00:40,040 --> 00:00:43,240 Speaker 1: been having for a while, we do still have Potpourri, 10 00:00:43,680 --> 00:00:45,280 Speaker 1: which is where I just put all the stuff that 11 00:00:45,320 --> 00:00:47,760 Speaker 1: I thought was cool but could not find a category 12 00:00:47,880 --> 00:00:50,320 Speaker 1: that united all of it, and that is where we 13 00:00:50,360 --> 00:00:54,200 Speaker 1: will start. So first up in Potpourri. The history of 14 00:00:54,240 --> 00:00:57,240 Speaker 1: the British Royal Navy is often traced back to ninth 15 00:00:57,280 --> 00:01:00,720 Speaker 1: century King Alfred the Great, noting that he launched a 16 00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:04,760 Speaker 1: naval fleet to repel a Viking invasion, but according to 17 00:01:04,840 --> 00:01:09,080 Speaker 1: research published in the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology in August, 18 00:01:09,480 --> 00:01:14,479 Speaker 1: British naval warfare predates Alfred's reign. That paper by PhD 19 00:01:14,520 --> 00:01:18,280 Speaker 1: candidate Matt First and Dr Aaron Cebow traces British naval 20 00:01:18,280 --> 00:01:21,640 Speaker 1: warfare back to an engagement in eight fifty one, which 21 00:01:21,720 --> 00:01:25,600 Speaker 1: is described in the Anglo Saxon Chronicles, whereas Alfred's first 22 00:01:25,600 --> 00:01:31,679 Speaker 1: recorded sea battle was in eight se So, being not British, 23 00:01:31,840 --> 00:01:36,000 Speaker 1: I have have no personal experience with uh this, but 24 00:01:36,720 --> 00:01:42,640 Speaker 1: the headlines about this paper had the same sort of, um, 25 00:01:42,680 --> 00:01:47,319 Speaker 1: sort of emotional tone as a United States headline might have, 26 00:01:47,520 --> 00:01:51,600 Speaker 1: along the lines of We're sorry everyone. It turns out 27 00:01:52,360 --> 00:01:58,840 Speaker 1: George Washington did not chop down the cherry tree. Um. 28 00:01:58,960 --> 00:02:02,280 Speaker 1: So I'm under the impression that it is very commonly 29 00:02:02,320 --> 00:02:06,320 Speaker 1: held and uh like important to people belief that the 30 00:02:06,320 --> 00:02:08,920 Speaker 1: British Royal Navy was started by King Alfred the Great, 31 00:02:08,919 --> 00:02:12,520 Speaker 1: which turns out not. I don't know that it's emotionally 32 00:02:12,560 --> 00:02:15,280 Speaker 1: important to people to think that George Washington chopped down 33 00:02:15,280 --> 00:02:17,440 Speaker 1: a cherry tree, but that was the only example I 34 00:02:17,520 --> 00:02:22,760 Speaker 1: could think of anyway. Uh. There's a project called Beacons 35 00:02:22,880 --> 00:02:26,760 Speaker 1: of the Past that has been training volunteers, which the 36 00:02:26,800 --> 00:02:31,000 Speaker 1: project calls citizens scientists to help look through large scale 37 00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:34,840 Speaker 1: light our surveys of the Chiltern Hills. Um, just basically 38 00:02:34,880 --> 00:02:36,800 Speaker 1: to make it feasible to go through all of that 39 00:02:36,880 --> 00:02:40,520 Speaker 1: data and some of these volunteers spotted evidence of a 40 00:02:40,760 --> 00:02:44,800 Speaker 1: hill fort, which the research team confirmed as really being 41 00:02:44,840 --> 00:02:48,200 Speaker 1: there on August six of this year. This site dates 42 00:02:48,240 --> 00:02:50,760 Speaker 1: back to between eight hundred and five hundred b C. 43 00:02:51,600 --> 00:02:55,120 Speaker 1: And it was hidden under foliage. Its exact location has 44 00:02:55,160 --> 00:02:58,000 Speaker 1: been kept secret in order to protect it, and while 45 00:02:58,040 --> 00:03:00,799 Speaker 1: there are no current plans to excavate it, there are 46 00:03:00,880 --> 00:03:04,560 Speaker 1: plans to preserve the site moving on. Also in August, 47 00:03:04,760 --> 00:03:07,600 Speaker 1: the painting Two Laughing Boys with a Mug of Beer 48 00:03:07,800 --> 00:03:11,040 Speaker 1: by Franz Halls, who's a painter from the Dutch Golden Age, 49 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:17,480 Speaker 1: was stolen for the third time. This time thieves forced 50 00:03:17,560 --> 00:03:21,680 Speaker 1: open the back door of the hofja ven Arden Museum. 51 00:03:21,720 --> 00:03:23,800 Speaker 1: They stole the painting and then they were gone by 52 00:03:23,800 --> 00:03:26,679 Speaker 1: the time police arrived. Two Laughing Boys with a Mug 53 00:03:26,680 --> 00:03:31,000 Speaker 1: of Beer had previously been stolen in along with another painting, 54 00:03:31,000 --> 00:03:34,160 Speaker 1: and then it had been stolen again Inleven. Obviously, it 55 00:03:34,240 --> 00:03:37,520 Speaker 1: was recovered both of those times. This latest theft took 56 00:03:37,520 --> 00:03:40,600 Speaker 1: place on August. As of when we are recording this, 57 00:03:40,760 --> 00:03:44,480 Speaker 1: it has not yet been recovered. The museum tightened up 58 00:03:44,480 --> 00:03:47,600 Speaker 1: its security after that eleven theft, but when this most 59 00:03:47,680 --> 00:03:51,240 Speaker 1: recent burglary happened, it was closed because of the pandemic. 60 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:56,600 Speaker 1: Moving on into a completely unrelated find, the Israel Antiquities 61 00:03:56,680 --> 00:04:00,440 Speaker 1: Authority announced the discovery of a soap making word shop 62 00:04:00,560 --> 00:04:03,839 Speaker 1: in southern Israel. This is a twelve hundred year old 63 00:04:03,960 --> 00:04:06,720 Speaker 1: soapery and is the oldest ones to be discovered in 64 00:04:06,760 --> 00:04:09,880 Speaker 1: the area. The soap that was made there was from 65 00:04:09,960 --> 00:04:13,400 Speaker 1: olive oil mixed with ash, the ash being made from 66 00:04:13,480 --> 00:04:17,400 Speaker 1: burning saltwork plants. And in addition to finding materials and 67 00:04:17,440 --> 00:04:20,560 Speaker 1: objects related to the making of soap, other finds from 68 00:04:20,560 --> 00:04:23,160 Speaker 1: the site included some game boards, one of them a 69 00:04:23,200 --> 00:04:27,200 Speaker 1: strategy game called Windmill and the other for a game 70 00:04:27,240 --> 00:04:30,760 Speaker 1: that was called either Hounds and Jackals or fifty eight 71 00:04:30,800 --> 00:04:36,360 Speaker 1: holes Hounds and Jackal sounds cooler Um. Lastly, in Potpourri, 72 00:04:36,640 --> 00:04:40,600 Speaker 1: archaeologists in Poland have found part of a bowl adorned 73 00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:43,960 Speaker 1: with a human face. The bowl is about seven thousand 74 00:04:44,040 --> 00:04:46,680 Speaker 1: years old and the parts that have survived include the 75 00:04:46,720 --> 00:04:49,960 Speaker 1: eyes and the nose and the forehead, which in this 76 00:04:50,000 --> 00:04:53,600 Speaker 1: case has would appear to be small horns. It's a 77 00:04:53,640 --> 00:04:57,160 Speaker 1: pretty neat looking bowl, which makes it unfortunate that this 78 00:04:57,279 --> 00:05:01,600 Speaker 1: is an audio podcast. We are going to move on 79 00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:06,280 Speaker 1: to a couple of exhamations. First up, James Blessing, grandson 80 00:05:06,400 --> 00:05:09,679 Speaker 1: of Warren G. Harding, is trying to have the former 81 00:05:09,800 --> 00:05:14,240 Speaker 1: US President's remains exhumed for DNA testing so that Blessing 82 00:05:14,279 --> 00:05:20,000 Speaker 1: can scientifically prove his ancestry. Blessings mother, Elizabeth Ann Blessing, 83 00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:23,400 Speaker 1: was the daughter of Harding and Nan Brittain. Harding and 84 00:05:23,440 --> 00:05:28,400 Speaker 1: Britain had an extramarital affair before and during Warren's presidency. 85 00:05:28,600 --> 00:05:32,039 Speaker 1: Brittain had detailed their affair in a memoir called The 86 00:05:32,080 --> 00:05:37,480 Speaker 1: President's Daughter In the Thing Is. At this point, no 87 00:05:37,520 --> 00:05:41,080 Speaker 1: one is really questioning the idea that Blessing is Harding's 88 00:05:41,120 --> 00:05:47,119 Speaker 1: descendant anymore. In ancestry, DNA confirmed a genetic link between 89 00:05:47,200 --> 00:05:50,640 Speaker 1: James Blessing and two other Harding family members, and that 90 00:05:50,760 --> 00:05:53,839 Speaker 1: was enough to establish the Blessing and the former president 91 00:05:53,880 --> 00:05:58,000 Speaker 1: were related. But the one hundredth anniversary of Harding's election 92 00:05:58,080 --> 00:06:02,000 Speaker 1: to the presidency is this year, and apparently Blessing didn't 93 00:06:02,040 --> 00:06:04,800 Speaker 1: feel that he or his mother had gotten the recognition 94 00:06:04,839 --> 00:06:07,800 Speaker 1: they were due at the Warring Y Harding presidential centers 95 00:06:07,800 --> 00:06:12,960 Speaker 1: planned commemorations, thus this request for DNA testing. So at 96 00:06:13,000 --> 00:06:16,120 Speaker 1: first some of the other Harding family members didn't seem 97 00:06:16,160 --> 00:06:20,599 Speaker 1: to really object to this proposed declimation. That changed though, 98 00:06:20,640 --> 00:06:22,960 Speaker 1: after it turned out that he was planning to have 99 00:06:23,040 --> 00:06:27,000 Speaker 1: a reality TV crew on hand for it, because it 100 00:06:27,040 --> 00:06:30,320 Speaker 1: seems like the biggest, most high profile exhumations we talked 101 00:06:30,360 --> 00:06:34,440 Speaker 1: about on the show now are gonna be on tv UM. 102 00:06:34,560 --> 00:06:37,680 Speaker 1: As of when this episode was researched in early October, 103 00:06:38,600 --> 00:06:43,040 Speaker 1: this issue is still unsettled about whether that will all 104 00:06:43,080 --> 00:06:47,359 Speaker 1: go forward. In other news, human remains were discovered in 105 00:06:47,440 --> 00:06:51,440 Speaker 1: San Antonio, Texas on May thirteenth during an archaeological and 106 00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:56,359 Speaker 1: cultural investigation in advance of some construction work. The remains 107 00:06:56,360 --> 00:07:01,200 Speaker 1: were exhumed following a spiritual ceremony in September. Groups of 108 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:04,960 Speaker 1: people who may be descended by the people whose bodies 109 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:08,640 Speaker 1: were found were gathered for that ceremony, including the members 110 00:07:08,680 --> 00:07:13,080 Speaker 1: of the San Antonio seventeen eighteen Founding Families and Descendants 111 00:07:13,480 --> 00:07:18,800 Speaker 1: and Canary Islands Descendants Association. The remains will be reinterred 112 00:07:18,840 --> 00:07:21,720 Speaker 1: after the construction is complete, and that is currently scheduled 113 00:07:21,760 --> 00:07:25,840 Speaker 1: for summer of We have a few repatriations to talk 114 00:07:25,840 --> 00:07:28,160 Speaker 1: about this time as well, and we are moving on 115 00:07:28,200 --> 00:07:32,160 Speaker 1: to those. The Denver Museum of Nature and Science has 116 00:07:32,200 --> 00:07:36,040 Speaker 1: returned a collection of thirty wooden statues to the Midge 117 00:07:36,160 --> 00:07:40,480 Speaker 1: Canada tribe, which lives in Kenya and northern Tanzania. These 118 00:07:40,520 --> 00:07:43,920 Speaker 1: carvings are meant as both memorials to people who were 119 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:48,760 Speaker 1: deceased and as the embodiment of those people's spirits. So, 120 00:07:48,880 --> 00:07:52,960 Speaker 1: in the words of Stephen Nash, the museum's curator of anthropology, 121 00:07:53,240 --> 00:07:56,480 Speaker 1: which was quoted by the Denver Post quote, once we 122 00:07:56,640 --> 00:08:00,320 Speaker 1: realized that we were curating the physical embodiment of thirty 123 00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:03,119 Speaker 1: dead people's souls, that's when we said, look, the Midget 124 00:08:03,160 --> 00:08:06,080 Speaker 1: Canada never had a chance for informed consent like you 125 00:08:06,120 --> 00:08:08,840 Speaker 1: and I enjoy when disposing of our loved ones. We 126 00:08:08,880 --> 00:08:13,400 Speaker 1: should not be curating people's souls. The statues, known as 127 00:08:13,440 --> 00:08:17,840 Speaker 1: the Gango, had been donated to the museum in by 128 00:08:17,920 --> 00:08:21,280 Speaker 1: Gene Hackman, but when the museum tried to contact his 129 00:08:21,360 --> 00:08:24,560 Speaker 1: representatives about it, they didn't have any record of the transaction. 130 00:08:25,160 --> 00:08:27,680 Speaker 1: So with no documentation to go on, it took some 131 00:08:27,760 --> 00:08:30,440 Speaker 1: time to figure out how they should be repatriated and 132 00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:34,960 Speaker 1: to whom. An effort in was paused when the government 133 00:08:34,960 --> 00:08:39,440 Speaker 1: of Kenya set a forty dollar import tariff on the statues. 134 00:08:40,080 --> 00:08:44,120 Speaker 1: The government reversed that decision in and the repatriation was 135 00:08:44,160 --> 00:08:47,520 Speaker 1: reported in the Denver Post. This July, the Museum of 136 00:08:47,600 --> 00:08:52,880 Speaker 1: New Zealand has returned a woven cloak and helmet that 137 00:08:52,920 --> 00:08:56,719 Speaker 1: belonged to Hawaiian Chief Kolani Opo. They returned that back 138 00:08:56,760 --> 00:09:00,440 Speaker 1: to Hawaii. So these items had been given to James 139 00:09:00,480 --> 00:09:04,280 Speaker 1: Cook in seventeen seventy nine is an act of formal diplomacy, 140 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:06,360 Speaker 1: and then from there they had changed hands a few 141 00:09:06,360 --> 00:09:10,800 Speaker 1: different times before being donated to the Ta Papa Museum's predecessor, 142 00:09:10,880 --> 00:09:14,440 Speaker 1: which was the Dominion Museum back in nineteen twelve. So 143 00:09:14,520 --> 00:09:17,120 Speaker 1: these items had gone through sort of a whole journey 144 00:09:17,320 --> 00:09:21,480 Speaker 1: to get from Hawaii to New Zealand, and repatriation discussions 145 00:09:21,520 --> 00:09:25,160 Speaker 1: had been ongoing for seven years, and in twos sixteen 146 00:09:25,240 --> 00:09:28,360 Speaker 1: the Ta Papa Museum had sent them to Honoluluz Bernese 147 00:09:28,360 --> 00:09:32,600 Speaker 1: Pawahi Bishop Museum as a long term loan. Now they 148 00:09:32,600 --> 00:09:37,400 Speaker 1: will stay with the Honolulu Museum permanently. And our last repatriation, 149 00:09:38,120 --> 00:09:42,880 Speaker 1: Belgium returned a Mayan jade mask to Guatemala this September. 150 00:09:43,440 --> 00:09:46,080 Speaker 1: This mask was made of jade mosaic and dates back 151 00:09:46,080 --> 00:09:48,959 Speaker 1: to between the years six hundred and nine hundred. It 152 00:09:49,080 --> 00:09:52,960 Speaker 1: had been illegally trafficked out of the country. This mask 153 00:09:53,280 --> 00:09:56,840 Speaker 1: represents the god Chuck, who is a Mayan reign deity, 154 00:09:57,120 --> 00:09:59,400 Speaker 1: and the return of this mask also took a while. 155 00:09:59,640 --> 00:10:02,720 Speaker 1: It was seased in Belgium in two thousand eight. We 156 00:10:02,800 --> 00:10:05,199 Speaker 1: are going to have some shipwrecks in just a little bit, 157 00:10:05,200 --> 00:10:07,120 Speaker 1: but before we get to those, we're gonna pause for 158 00:10:07,160 --> 00:10:18,160 Speaker 1: a sponsor break. We have got several shipwrecks to talk 159 00:10:18,200 --> 00:10:21,640 Speaker 1: about this time around, and this first one has some 160 00:10:21,760 --> 00:10:25,880 Speaker 1: news that technically broke on October one, and this is 161 00:10:25,960 --> 00:10:32,240 Speaker 1: technically an unearthed for July augustin September, but I'm counting it. 162 00:10:32,280 --> 00:10:34,400 Speaker 1: I'm counting it for unearthed this time around. It was 163 00:10:34,480 --> 00:10:36,560 Speaker 1: too big of a bit of news to just leave 164 00:10:36,640 --> 00:10:41,040 Speaker 1: for later. Divers believe that they have found the wreck 165 00:10:41,200 --> 00:10:45,880 Speaker 1: of the cargo steamer S S. Carl's Rule, which may 166 00:10:46,120 --> 00:10:51,160 Speaker 1: help solve the mystery of what happened to the Amber Room. 167 00:10:51,200 --> 00:10:54,559 Speaker 1: The Amber Room is a chamber made of amber panels 168 00:10:54,640 --> 00:10:58,560 Speaker 1: which Nazis dismantled and looted from the Catherine Palace near St. 169 00:10:58,600 --> 00:11:01,800 Speaker 1: Petersburg have been given to Peter the Great as a 170 00:11:01,800 --> 00:11:04,720 Speaker 1: gift in seventeen sixteen. There is an episode in the 171 00:11:04,840 --> 00:11:08,400 Speaker 1: archive on what happened to the Amber Room. The Amber 172 00:11:08,480 --> 00:11:12,280 Speaker 1: Room was last seen in the port of Conigsberg. The 173 00:11:12,360 --> 00:11:15,760 Speaker 1: Carls Ruis set sail from that port in nineteen as 174 00:11:15,840 --> 00:11:19,080 Speaker 1: part of Operation Hannibal, which was a mass evacuation of 175 00:11:19,160 --> 00:11:23,400 Speaker 1: German troops and civilians. It was clearly laden with cargo 176 00:11:23,520 --> 00:11:26,560 Speaker 1: and more than one thousand people, but it was sunk 177 00:11:26,640 --> 00:11:29,800 Speaker 1: off the coast of Poland. So that's been a popular 178 00:11:29,840 --> 00:11:32,280 Speaker 1: theory about what happened to the Amber Room. We don't 179 00:11:32,400 --> 00:11:35,280 Speaker 1: know for sure whether the Amber Room is part of 180 00:11:35,280 --> 00:11:39,559 Speaker 1: the cargo on this wreck, but it is an intriguing idea. Yes, 181 00:11:40,320 --> 00:11:43,760 Speaker 1: changing gears a little bit. In September, photographs from a 182 00:11:43,840 --> 00:11:48,199 Speaker 1: remote operated vehicle revealed the location of a different German ship, which, 183 00:11:48,320 --> 00:11:51,720 Speaker 1: to make things confusing, is also called the Carl's Rule. 184 00:11:52,360 --> 00:11:55,160 Speaker 1: The cruiser s S. Carl's Rule was sunk in nineteen 185 00:11:55,200 --> 00:11:58,720 Speaker 1: forty off the coast of Norway. The remote operated vehicle 186 00:11:58,800 --> 00:12:01,560 Speaker 1: surveys followed us so our survey that had been conducted 187 00:12:01,559 --> 00:12:04,439 Speaker 1: by Norway's state run power grid operator Stott in it 188 00:12:04,840 --> 00:12:10,479 Speaker 1: back in. The ship's features, including its gun turrets and swastikas, 189 00:12:10,480 --> 00:12:14,079 Speaker 1: are clearly visible in the photos. So this ship had 190 00:12:14,120 --> 00:12:16,760 Speaker 1: been part of the German invasion of Norway that had 191 00:12:16,800 --> 00:12:21,120 Speaker 1: been damaged by Norwegian artillery and the British torpedo before 192 00:12:21,200 --> 00:12:23,959 Speaker 1: being scuttled by the Germans on April nine of nine. 193 00:12:25,200 --> 00:12:27,760 Speaker 1: It is not far away from an underwater power cable 194 00:12:27,840 --> 00:12:30,200 Speaker 1: that runs between Denmark and Norway, which is how it 195 00:12:30,240 --> 00:12:33,760 Speaker 1: was spotted. I know a lot of people at this 196 00:12:33,880 --> 00:12:39,559 Speaker 1: stage of of all the many crises that have been 197 00:12:39,600 --> 00:12:43,480 Speaker 1: simultaneously unfolding in the United States and around the world, 198 00:12:44,080 --> 00:12:46,480 Speaker 1: have found themselves sort of like not really being able 199 00:12:46,520 --> 00:12:51,920 Speaker 1: to think clearly. And I happened to read these two articles. 200 00:12:51,920 --> 00:12:54,720 Speaker 1: I was going through the shipwreck part of my preparation 201 00:12:54,800 --> 00:12:57,040 Speaker 1: and I read these I read these two articles back 202 00:12:57,040 --> 00:13:04,920 Speaker 1: to back, and I was so oscillly confused and wondering 203 00:13:05,920 --> 00:13:09,080 Speaker 1: whether somebody had made up the Amber Rooms story out 204 00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:11,560 Speaker 1: of hull cloth, until I just finally figured out they 205 00:13:11,559 --> 00:13:14,079 Speaker 1: were two different ships with the same name, just to 206 00:13:14,240 --> 00:13:16,679 Speaker 1: confuse this. I mean, really, what are the odds, right, 207 00:13:16,720 --> 00:13:19,200 Speaker 1: in the same year, within a few months of each 208 00:13:19,240 --> 00:13:22,280 Speaker 1: other like, well they were, I think it was. It 209 00:13:22,320 --> 00:13:26,080 Speaker 1: was the Amber Room ship was sunk a few years later, 210 00:13:26,120 --> 00:13:28,360 Speaker 1: but it like was still within the same war. Oh no, 211 00:13:28,520 --> 00:13:31,560 Speaker 1: I mean the discovery and discussion of them happening so 212 00:13:31,600 --> 00:13:34,240 Speaker 1: close together is the what are the odds part for me? Yes, 213 00:13:34,440 --> 00:13:37,960 Speaker 1: and I had just this baffling moment of staring at 214 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:42,360 Speaker 1: the screen like what is going on? Yeah? Uh? Moving on. 215 00:13:43,679 --> 00:13:46,440 Speaker 1: In August, a team of divers announced that they had 216 00:13:46,440 --> 00:13:49,640 Speaker 1: found the wreck of a seventeenth century Dutch merchantman off 217 00:13:49,640 --> 00:13:52,480 Speaker 1: the coast of Finland. I wasn't fine. They came across 218 00:13:52,520 --> 00:13:55,040 Speaker 1: by surprise while looking for rex from the First and 219 00:13:55,080 --> 00:14:00,240 Speaker 1: Second World Wars. Their organization Batea Vena is Deadic needed 220 00:14:00,280 --> 00:14:04,240 Speaker 1: to documenting shipwrecks from those eras. The wreck is a 221 00:14:04,400 --> 00:14:07,880 Speaker 1: mostly intact flout, which was a style of ship that 222 00:14:07,960 --> 00:14:12,160 Speaker 1: was built for efficiency and trade. It's rigging could be 223 00:14:12,200 --> 00:14:15,160 Speaker 1: operated with a small crew, and that crew all lived 224 00:14:15,160 --> 00:14:17,520 Speaker 1: together in the same space, instead of having their living 225 00:14:17,559 --> 00:14:21,640 Speaker 1: space separated by where they were in the ship's hierarchy 226 00:14:21,680 --> 00:14:24,840 Speaker 1: of command. Uh. It also sailed without guns, so it 227 00:14:24,920 --> 00:14:28,600 Speaker 1: could devote all of its space to cargo. Researchers at 228 00:14:28,600 --> 00:14:33,480 Speaker 1: East Carolina University have been studying shipwreck microbiology based on 229 00:14:33,600 --> 00:14:36,000 Speaker 1: their study of the wreck of the Pappy Lane, which 230 00:14:36,040 --> 00:14:38,760 Speaker 1: was built as a World War two warship and abandoned 231 00:14:38,800 --> 00:14:42,680 Speaker 1: after running aground in the nineteen sixties. A wide range 232 00:14:42,720 --> 00:14:46,320 Speaker 1: of micro organisms can live in one wreck. Some of 233 00:14:46,360 --> 00:14:49,880 Speaker 1: these helped preserve the wreckage, while others are destructive. And 234 00:14:49,960 --> 00:14:51,920 Speaker 1: to do this work, the team examined parts of the 235 00:14:51,920 --> 00:14:54,720 Speaker 1: ship that were corroded and parts that were not, as 236 00:14:54,800 --> 00:14:57,880 Speaker 1: well as the nearby sediment and seawater, and they found 237 00:14:58,240 --> 00:15:01,680 Speaker 1: thousands of species of backt here area. Yeah, it's uh, 238 00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:06,960 Speaker 1: it wasn't an entirely surprising number of species um, but 239 00:15:07,160 --> 00:15:12,160 Speaker 1: they sort of found a surprising number of distinct ecosystems 240 00:15:12,200 --> 00:15:15,760 Speaker 1: in different parts of the wreck and its surroundings. And 241 00:15:15,800 --> 00:15:18,720 Speaker 1: the words of Dr Erin Field, Assistant professor in the 242 00:15:18,720 --> 00:15:23,080 Speaker 1: Department of Biology at East Carolina University, quote, Historically shipwreck 243 00:15:23,120 --> 00:15:26,320 Speaker 1: sites were treated as a single environment, but our research 244 00:15:26,440 --> 00:15:30,040 Speaker 1: goes deeper showing that there are different microbial communities within 245 00:15:30,200 --> 00:15:34,840 Speaker 1: single wreck sites and associated with the wreck itself. As such, 246 00:15:34,920 --> 00:15:38,120 Speaker 1: we need a tailor conservation efforts to each shipwreck in 247 00:15:38,200 --> 00:15:43,800 Speaker 1: order to more effectively mitigate bio corrosion and deterioration. Researchers 248 00:15:43,840 --> 00:15:46,640 Speaker 1: have identified a shipwreck found off the coast of Mexico 249 00:15:46,800 --> 00:15:51,200 Speaker 1: in seventeen as La Nion, a ship that was used 250 00:15:51,200 --> 00:15:54,440 Speaker 1: to transport Maya people to Cuba to work as enslaved 251 00:15:54,520 --> 00:15:58,800 Speaker 1: laborers in sugarcane fields. The ship sank after its boilers 252 00:15:58,840 --> 00:16:02,760 Speaker 1: exploded in September of eighteen sixty one, so this ship 253 00:16:02,840 --> 00:16:05,720 Speaker 1: itself had been part of the oral history of the region. 254 00:16:06,280 --> 00:16:09,720 Speaker 1: This happened during an armed uprising known as the cast 255 00:16:09,840 --> 00:16:14,600 Speaker 1: War of the Yuktahan. After Mexico had become independent from Spain, 256 00:16:15,000 --> 00:16:20,800 Speaker 1: public land was redistributed to private citizens to establish new haciendas, 257 00:16:21,040 --> 00:16:22,960 Speaker 1: and a lot of the people who had been living 258 00:16:23,040 --> 00:16:26,440 Speaker 1: in farming that land were Maya. Without this land, they 259 00:16:26,440 --> 00:16:29,440 Speaker 1: had no way to sustain themselves, and that led to 260 00:16:29,560 --> 00:16:34,200 Speaker 1: a massive insurrection. Even though slavery was illegal in Mexico, 261 00:16:34,680 --> 00:16:39,040 Speaker 1: authorities started capturing Maya and deporting them to Cuba. In 262 00:16:39,080 --> 00:16:42,320 Speaker 1: some cases, the deported people had been part of this uprising, 263 00:16:42,840 --> 00:16:46,040 Speaker 1: but in others they had been deceived into signing contracts 264 00:16:46,080 --> 00:16:48,800 Speaker 1: to travel to Cuba to work, but the terms of 265 00:16:48,800 --> 00:16:54,040 Speaker 1: those contracts were virtually indistinguishable from slavery, so when the 266 00:16:54,160 --> 00:16:57,400 Speaker 1: la Junon sank, about half of the crew were killed, 267 00:16:57,440 --> 00:17:00,360 Speaker 1: along with about sixty passengers. But one day that is 268 00:17:00,400 --> 00:17:04,399 Speaker 1: not totally clear is whether any of those passengers on 269 00:17:04,520 --> 00:17:08,880 Speaker 1: this particular voyage were Maya. This ship was definitely part 270 00:17:08,880 --> 00:17:12,000 Speaker 1: of this slave trade, but we don't know whether any 271 00:17:12,119 --> 00:17:15,879 Speaker 1: enslaved people were on board during this specific voyage because 272 00:17:16,240 --> 00:17:18,479 Speaker 1: they would have been either listed as cargo or not 273 00:17:18,560 --> 00:17:21,320 Speaker 1: listed at all in a find that also could have 274 00:17:21,400 --> 00:17:25,800 Speaker 1: gone under edibles and potables. Researchers have used DNA to 275 00:17:25,920 --> 00:17:28,399 Speaker 1: figure out what kind of fish was on board the 276 00:17:28,480 --> 00:17:32,119 Speaker 1: Danish flagship grib Shunden when it caught fire and sank 277 00:17:32,200 --> 00:17:36,880 Speaker 1: in King Hans was traveling to Sweden with the hope 278 00:17:36,920 --> 00:17:39,720 Speaker 1: of claiming the Swedish throne, but on the way to 279 00:17:39,760 --> 00:17:43,240 Speaker 1: do that, the grib Shunden sank. All the board were lost, 280 00:17:43,400 --> 00:17:45,880 Speaker 1: along with all of the expensive cargo that the king 281 00:17:45,960 --> 00:17:48,159 Speaker 1: was planning to use to back up his claim to 282 00:17:48,200 --> 00:17:51,439 Speaker 1: the throne. And this wreckage was actually discovered about fifty 283 00:17:51,520 --> 00:17:54,960 Speaker 1: years ago. So included in all this cargo was a 284 00:17:55,080 --> 00:17:58,520 Speaker 1: two meter long fish that had been cut into pieces 285 00:17:58,520 --> 00:18:00,919 Speaker 1: and stored in a wooden barrel, and thanks to this 286 00:18:01,119 --> 00:18:04,280 Speaker 1: DNA study we now know that it was an Atlantic sturgeon. 287 00:18:04,760 --> 00:18:08,199 Speaker 1: The sturgeon was a particular mark of status. It was 288 00:18:08,320 --> 00:18:11,040 Speaker 1: very sought after for its meat and its row and 289 00:18:11,160 --> 00:18:14,160 Speaker 1: its swim bladder which was used to make a glue 290 00:18:14,280 --> 00:18:20,000 Speaker 1: called eisnglass. In another combination of shipwrecks and edibles and potables, 291 00:18:20,400 --> 00:18:22,600 Speaker 1: a bottle of whiskey from the wreck of the s S. 292 00:18:22,680 --> 00:18:26,720 Speaker 1: Politician was sold at auction for more than seven thousand dollars. 293 00:18:27,320 --> 00:18:30,399 Speaker 1: The Politician ran aground in the Outer Hebrides in nineteen 294 00:18:30,480 --> 00:18:34,480 Speaker 1: forty one while hauling twenty eight thousand cases of whiskey. 295 00:18:34,600 --> 00:18:37,600 Speaker 1: Efforts to salvage the whiskey while getting around salvage and 296 00:18:37,800 --> 00:18:41,480 Speaker 1: tax laws were later turned into a book called Whiskey Galore, 297 00:18:41,560 --> 00:18:43,840 Speaker 1: which is also a great pen name if anybody wants 298 00:18:43,880 --> 00:18:47,320 Speaker 1: to use it, which later became a movie in nineteen nine, 299 00:18:47,640 --> 00:18:51,040 Speaker 1: and even later than that was remade in two So, 300 00:18:51,160 --> 00:18:53,800 Speaker 1: unlike so many other times when we talk about somebody 301 00:18:53,880 --> 00:18:58,160 Speaker 1: unearthings some alcohol and then tasting it, the auction site 302 00:18:58,160 --> 00:19:00,960 Speaker 1: has a particular note for this bottle of whiskey which 303 00:19:01,000 --> 00:19:04,760 Speaker 1: read quote this bottle is not suitable for human consumption. 304 00:19:05,440 --> 00:19:09,119 Speaker 1: So with that in mind, doesn't I mean nobody's going 305 00:19:09,160 --> 00:19:12,119 Speaker 1: to try it, but the auction side advises you not to. 306 00:19:12,440 --> 00:19:15,760 Speaker 1: They got to cover their basis. Man, Uh, we are 307 00:19:15,800 --> 00:19:18,240 Speaker 1: going to cover our bases. Take a quick break, and 308 00:19:18,240 --> 00:19:19,920 Speaker 1: then we'll be back in just a bit to talk 309 00:19:19,960 --> 00:19:34,040 Speaker 1: about Vikings. So I found several things related to Vikings 310 00:19:34,080 --> 00:19:39,120 Speaker 1: this time around. First up, while working on his master's thesis, 311 00:19:39,600 --> 00:19:45,120 Speaker 1: Norwegian Arctic University student Tor Kettle chromer Doll found evidence 312 00:19:45,119 --> 00:19:50,280 Speaker 1: connected to the oldest known trading place in northern Norway. 313 00:19:50,680 --> 00:19:54,840 Speaker 1: He unearthed these Viking era artifacts using a metal detector 314 00:19:55,280 --> 00:19:59,119 Speaker 1: and they included jewelry, weights and silver. He had found 315 00:19:59,160 --> 00:20:01,679 Speaker 1: a reference to to a marketplace in the area in 316 00:20:01,720 --> 00:20:04,119 Speaker 1: a book, and he'd searched the general area with a 317 00:20:04,119 --> 00:20:07,520 Speaker 1: metal detector before and hadn't found anything impressive, so he 318 00:20:07,760 --> 00:20:11,840 Speaker 1: really wasn't expecting to find anything significant. But this time 319 00:20:11,960 --> 00:20:15,480 Speaker 1: he found artifacts pinpointing a market that had not been 320 00:20:15,520 --> 00:20:20,200 Speaker 1: previously been part of the archaeological record, and another Viking find. 321 00:20:20,600 --> 00:20:24,280 Speaker 1: An international team of scientists has unearthed some evidence that 322 00:20:24,480 --> 00:20:29,000 Speaker 1: Viking raids helped spread smallpox. They found evidence of the 323 00:20:29,119 --> 00:20:33,520 Speaker 1: virus and skeletal remains from multiple sites around northern Europe. 324 00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:38,119 Speaker 1: This particular smallpox strain is genetically different from what eventually 325 00:20:38,200 --> 00:20:42,720 Speaker 1: proliferated around the globe and was eradicated in the twentieth century, 326 00:20:42,760 --> 00:20:46,360 Speaker 1: although there's written evidence of diseases that are interpreted as 327 00:20:46,400 --> 00:20:49,560 Speaker 1: being about smallpox. When it comes to DNA evidence, the 328 00:20:49,600 --> 00:20:53,320 Speaker 1: oldest before this point dated back to the seventeenth century. 329 00:20:53,880 --> 00:20:56,399 Speaker 1: The Viking era spanned from about the ninth through the 330 00:20:56,440 --> 00:21:00,399 Speaker 1: eleventh centuries, so that's a big jump back. Yeah. Another news. 331 00:21:00,480 --> 00:21:03,680 Speaker 1: Back in the nineteen fifties, workers digging a trench in 332 00:21:04,040 --> 00:21:08,560 Speaker 1: Yarm in northern England found a helmet. Locals started calling 333 00:21:08,600 --> 00:21:11,240 Speaker 1: it the Viking helmet and it was placed in the 334 00:21:11,280 --> 00:21:14,520 Speaker 1: Preston Park Museum. But even though people were calling it 335 00:21:14,600 --> 00:21:18,680 Speaker 1: the Viking helmet, it wasn't totally clear whether it had 336 00:21:18,720 --> 00:21:23,080 Speaker 1: actual connections to the Vikings. Thanks to analysis of the 337 00:21:23,080 --> 00:21:25,520 Speaker 1: helmet and the material that it's made of, yes, it 338 00:21:25,640 --> 00:21:29,000 Speaker 1: does seem to be an actual Viking helmet. It's made 339 00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:31,560 Speaker 1: of iron and it dates back to the early medieval period, 340 00:21:31,640 --> 00:21:35,920 Speaker 1: with a design that suggests an Anglo Scandinavian origin. This 341 00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:39,440 Speaker 1: is the first mostly complete Viking helmet found in the region. 342 00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:44,680 Speaker 1: Our next find is a farmer living outside of Loftahammer, Sweden, 343 00:21:45,160 --> 00:21:49,000 Speaker 1: who plowed up a large flat stone while working out 344 00:21:49,000 --> 00:21:51,600 Speaker 1: in the fields and planned to use it as a 345 00:21:51,640 --> 00:21:55,520 Speaker 1: stepping stone until he realized that it was covered in runs. 346 00:21:56,280 --> 00:22:01,679 Speaker 1: That point contacted some experts. Rhnologist Magnus Alstrom examined the 347 00:22:01,720 --> 00:22:04,639 Speaker 1: stone and determined that it dated back to the early 348 00:22:04,680 --> 00:22:08,760 Speaker 1: eleventh century and also deciphered some of the runes as 349 00:22:08,840 --> 00:22:14,400 Speaker 1: reading quote. Garder raised this stone after Sigjarv's father, oh 350 00:22:14,440 --> 00:22:17,080 Speaker 1: Guard's husband. There are plans at this point they have 351 00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:19,919 Speaker 1: the stone preserved and cleaned and then placed somewhere on 352 00:22:19,960 --> 00:22:22,480 Speaker 1: public display. And now we are getting to what was 353 00:22:22,520 --> 00:22:25,720 Speaker 1: probably the most widely reported Viking story of the quarter. 354 00:22:26,520 --> 00:22:29,760 Speaker 1: A project to sequence the DNA of Viking remains from 355 00:22:29,800 --> 00:22:33,760 Speaker 1: all across Europe has confirmed the idea that Viking was 356 00:22:33,800 --> 00:22:37,080 Speaker 1: more of a job title than a race or an ethnicity, 357 00:22:37,200 --> 00:22:40,880 Speaker 1: and that not all Vikings hailed from Scandinavia. This research 358 00:22:40,960 --> 00:22:43,879 Speaker 1: was published in the journal Nature in September under the 359 00:22:43,920 --> 00:22:48,520 Speaker 1: title Population Genomics of the Viking World. To do this work, 360 00:22:48,560 --> 00:22:53,200 Speaker 1: the team spent ten years studying burial sites in Scandinavia 361 00:22:53,320 --> 00:22:56,919 Speaker 1: from the eight through eleventh centuries, as well as Viking 362 00:22:57,000 --> 00:23:01,320 Speaker 1: style burial sites from elsewhere in Europe and burials that 363 00:23:01,400 --> 00:23:05,880 Speaker 1: included Viking grave goods. So this included, for example, forty 364 00:23:05,960 --> 00:23:09,000 Speaker 1: men who were buried in two Viking ships on a 365 00:23:09,080 --> 00:23:13,520 Speaker 1: beach in Estonia who had apparently died in a botched raid. 366 00:23:13,880 --> 00:23:16,720 Speaker 1: This was the largest study of Viking DNA to date, 367 00:23:16,800 --> 00:23:19,480 Speaker 1: and it allowed researchers to see patterns and how people 368 00:23:19,480 --> 00:23:23,240 Speaker 1: moved from Scandinavia into other parts of Europe. For example, 369 00:23:23,320 --> 00:23:26,399 Speaker 1: in the words of lead author as Shot Margarian quote, 370 00:23:26,480 --> 00:23:29,600 Speaker 1: the Danish Vikings went to England, while the Swedish Vikings 371 00:23:29,600 --> 00:23:32,600 Speaker 1: went to the Baltic and Norwegian Vikings went to Ireland, 372 00:23:32,640 --> 00:23:37,000 Speaker 1: Iceland and Greenland. However, the Vikings from these three quote 373 00:23:37,080 --> 00:23:41,640 Speaker 1: nations only very rarely mixed genetically. Perhaps they were enemies, 374 00:23:41,760 --> 00:23:44,639 Speaker 1: or perhaps there is some other valid explanation we just 375 00:23:44,800 --> 00:23:48,359 Speaker 1: don't know. The team also mapped how parts of southern 376 00:23:48,440 --> 00:23:52,800 Speaker 1: Scandinavian near the coast became more genetically diverse, while peasants 377 00:23:52,840 --> 00:23:56,440 Speaker 1: living Inland remained a lot more isolated, and the words 378 00:23:56,560 --> 00:23:59,840 Speaker 1: of Eska Villerslav, who is another of the papers authors, 379 00:24:00,040 --> 00:24:03,520 Speaker 1: quote the Vikings had a lot more genes from southern 380 00:24:03,560 --> 00:24:07,359 Speaker 1: and Eastern Europe than we anticipated. They frequently had children 381 00:24:07,400 --> 00:24:10,040 Speaker 1: with people from other parts of the world. In fact, 382 00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:13,480 Speaker 1: they tend to be dark haired rather than blonde, which 383 00:24:13,560 --> 00:24:18,360 Speaker 1: is otherwise considered an established Viking trait. And now we've 384 00:24:18,359 --> 00:24:21,119 Speaker 1: got a few CT scans of mummies to talk about. 385 00:24:21,840 --> 00:24:25,760 Speaker 1: There was a surprising number of those also jumping from 386 00:24:25,880 --> 00:24:29,960 Speaker 1: Vikings to mummies. In nineteen o two, a shepherd stumbled 387 00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:33,280 Speaker 1: into a tomb in Siberia containing the remains of several 388 00:24:33,320 --> 00:24:37,280 Speaker 1: people wearing death masks. The tomb was excavated in nineteen 389 00:24:37,320 --> 00:24:40,680 Speaker 1: sixty nine, unearthing mummified remains dating back to the third 390 00:24:40,800 --> 00:24:44,440 Speaker 1: or fourth century. They belonged to the Tashta culture, which 391 00:24:44,480 --> 00:24:48,119 Speaker 1: was known for elaborate funeral and burial rituals, including the 392 00:24:48,200 --> 00:24:53,120 Speaker 1: creation of death masks. Scientists that Russia's State Hermitage Museum 393 00:24:53,200 --> 00:24:56,120 Speaker 1: have conducted a CT scan of one of the heads 394 00:24:56,200 --> 00:25:00,280 Speaker 1: from this tomb, allowing them to visualize and analyze face 395 00:25:00,359 --> 00:25:03,120 Speaker 1: that is underneath the mask. That's something that otherwise would 396 00:25:03,119 --> 00:25:06,080 Speaker 1: have been impossible to do without damaging it. The mask 397 00:25:06,200 --> 00:25:09,200 Speaker 1: itself was already damaged, with the area around the mouth 398 00:25:09,280 --> 00:25:12,000 Speaker 1: and one ear of it missing, and then trying to 399 00:25:12,119 --> 00:25:14,560 Speaker 1: take it off of the skull would have damaged to 400 00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:18,479 Speaker 1: the tissue underneath. They found evidence of a scar running 401 00:25:18,480 --> 00:25:21,439 Speaker 1: from the left eye to the left ear, something that 402 00:25:21,560 --> 00:25:24,320 Speaker 1: may have been sewn shut after the person's death. While 403 00:25:24,359 --> 00:25:27,879 Speaker 1: preparing the body, they also discovered that a hole had 404 00:25:27,920 --> 00:25:30,280 Speaker 1: been made through the skull with a chisel like tool, 405 00:25:30,880 --> 00:25:34,040 Speaker 1: probably to remove the brain. Also as part of preparing 406 00:25:34,040 --> 00:25:38,119 Speaker 1: the body, another body from the same tomb appears to 407 00:25:38,119 --> 00:25:40,399 Speaker 1: be that of a woman, and that death mask is 408 00:25:40,440 --> 00:25:43,280 Speaker 1: a lot more intact, but that one has not gone 409 00:25:43,320 --> 00:25:47,440 Speaker 1: through a CT scan as of yet another CT scan 410 00:25:47,560 --> 00:25:50,359 Speaker 1: in a different project of an Egyptian mummy who is 411 00:25:50,480 --> 00:25:53,760 Speaker 1: nicknamed the Mummy of the Screaming Woman, has revealed that 412 00:25:53,800 --> 00:25:57,080 Speaker 1: the woman probably died in her sixties, likely from a 413 00:25:57,119 --> 00:26:00,760 Speaker 1: heart attack. There was evidence of advanced a through sclerosis 414 00:26:00,840 --> 00:26:04,679 Speaker 1: throughout the circulatory system. The money was given this nickname 415 00:26:04,760 --> 00:26:07,399 Speaker 1: because her mouth is open as though she's screaming, and 416 00:26:07,440 --> 00:26:10,000 Speaker 1: the position of her body suggests a sense of pain 417 00:26:10,200 --> 00:26:13,680 Speaker 1: or terror. The team believes that she was mummified while 418 00:26:13,680 --> 00:26:16,280 Speaker 1: in a state of rigor mortis, preventing the people who 419 00:26:16,280 --> 00:26:19,000 Speaker 1: were preparing her body from being able to close her 420 00:26:19,000 --> 00:26:22,919 Speaker 1: mouth or adjust her positioning. It's still not completely clear 421 00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:27,080 Speaker 1: whose mummy this was, though there's writing on the linen 422 00:26:27,240 --> 00:26:30,359 Speaker 1: used to wrap the body that reads the Royal Daughter, 423 00:26:30,560 --> 00:26:34,320 Speaker 1: the Royal sister of merit Amand, but there were several 424 00:26:34,359 --> 00:26:38,880 Speaker 1: Egyptian princesses named merit Amands, so it's not clear exactly 425 00:26:38,880 --> 00:26:42,520 Speaker 1: who this is. It is believed that ancient Egyptians mummified 426 00:26:42,560 --> 00:26:46,239 Speaker 1: as many as seventy million animals as votive offerings, and 427 00:26:46,359 --> 00:26:50,880 Speaker 1: researchers have used X ray micro CT scanning to examine 428 00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:53,840 Speaker 1: three such animals. They were a snake, a bird, and 429 00:26:53,920 --> 00:26:56,520 Speaker 1: a cat from the collection held by the Egypt Center 430 00:26:56,600 --> 00:27:01,120 Speaker 1: at Swansea University. So X ray microcy he scanning allows 431 00:27:01,200 --> 00:27:04,919 Speaker 1: the creation of incredibly detailed images. It's a lot higher 432 00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:08,000 Speaker 1: resolution than a medical CT scan and so some of 433 00:27:08,040 --> 00:27:10,160 Speaker 1: the things that they were able to determine from doing 434 00:27:10,200 --> 00:27:13,240 Speaker 1: this include that the cat was a kitten whose adult 435 00:27:13,280 --> 00:27:16,720 Speaker 1: teeth hadn't come in yet, the snake was a juvenile 436 00:27:16,840 --> 00:27:21,400 Speaker 1: Egyptian cobra, and the bird may have been a Eurasian kestrel. 437 00:27:22,160 --> 00:27:25,000 Speaker 1: So this last one does not involve CT scans, but 438 00:27:25,119 --> 00:27:28,720 Speaker 1: we still got some mummy action for you. In September, 439 00:27:28,760 --> 00:27:32,639 Speaker 1: Egypt's Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities announced the discovery of 440 00:27:32,760 --> 00:27:35,800 Speaker 1: thirteen unopened coffins that have been found at the bottom 441 00:27:35,840 --> 00:27:39,040 Speaker 1: of a well. That well is almost forty feet that's 442 00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:42,000 Speaker 1: roughly twelve meters deep, and the conditions at the bottom 443 00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:45,639 Speaker 1: have kept the coffins very well preserved. Since this find 444 00:27:45,760 --> 00:27:48,879 Speaker 1: is so recent, there's no other information yet about whose 445 00:27:48,880 --> 00:27:51,679 Speaker 1: coffins these might be, but they're believed to be at 446 00:27:51,760 --> 00:27:57,040 Speaker 1: least twenty years old and still contain human mummies. And 447 00:27:57,920 --> 00:28:00,399 Speaker 1: as uh we come to the end of this session 448 00:28:00,520 --> 00:28:03,000 Speaker 1: of Unearthed, we just have a cool random thing to 449 00:28:03,200 --> 00:28:06,879 Speaker 1: end on, and that is the latest discovery of a 450 00:28:06,880 --> 00:28:10,480 Speaker 1: medieval sword pulled out of a lake. This time the 451 00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:15,159 Speaker 1: lake is led Nica Lake in Poland. Archaeologists from the 452 00:28:15,280 --> 00:28:20,640 Speaker 1: Nicholas Copernicus University and the Museum of the First Pst 453 00:28:20,800 --> 00:28:22,919 Speaker 1: made this fine while they were mapping the bottom of 454 00:28:22,960 --> 00:28:26,080 Speaker 1: the lake. This is the eighth sword to be found 455 00:28:26,080 --> 00:28:28,160 Speaker 1: in the lake, but the first one in the last 456 00:28:28,200 --> 00:28:31,560 Speaker 1: twenty years. The sword is fully intact, and adorned with 457 00:28:31,560 --> 00:28:34,760 Speaker 1: a Jerusalem cross, and remnants of its leather scabbard were 458 00:28:34,800 --> 00:28:38,240 Speaker 1: found as well. So that brings us to the end 459 00:28:38,240 --> 00:28:42,920 Speaker 1: of our Unearthed in October uh, which is really coming 460 00:28:42,920 --> 00:28:46,640 Speaker 1: out in November. We will do some more unearthed. Our 461 00:28:46,760 --> 00:28:50,360 Speaker 1: year in Unearthed has generally been coming out approximately the 462 00:28:50,480 --> 00:28:53,840 Speaker 1: very first week of January, so probably we will try 463 00:28:53,880 --> 00:28:56,320 Speaker 1: to stick to that timing again, even though this one's 464 00:28:56,360 --> 00:29:00,680 Speaker 1: coming out a little later in the fall uh than 465 00:29:00,840 --> 00:29:07,520 Speaker 1: last time. And I have some listener mail. Is it 466 00:29:07,600 --> 00:29:09,920 Speaker 1: about a CT scan on a mummy or a Viking? 467 00:29:09,960 --> 00:29:14,240 Speaker 1: Michelle's It's about none of that. Oh my goodness, this 468 00:29:14,320 --> 00:29:17,440 Speaker 1: is from Emily. Emily says, good day, ladies. I hope 469 00:29:17,480 --> 00:29:20,120 Speaker 1: this finds you both wonderfully well. Thank you so much 470 00:29:20,200 --> 00:29:22,560 Speaker 1: for all your work on the podcast, which is something 471 00:29:22,600 --> 00:29:26,720 Speaker 1: I'm especially grateful for during this crazy year. Both it's 472 00:29:26,840 --> 00:29:30,200 Speaker 1: entertainment and its educational value are much appreciated. In case 473 00:29:30,240 --> 00:29:33,800 Speaker 1: someone hasn't affirmed that for you. Today, I'm writing from 474 00:29:33,800 --> 00:29:36,880 Speaker 1: New York, where, during the pandemic, my dance company has 475 00:29:36,920 --> 00:29:41,160 Speaker 1: been rehearsing on Zoom and learning more dance history, including 476 00:29:41,200 --> 00:29:43,920 Speaker 1: about a dance called the shim Sham during your Q 477 00:29:44,120 --> 00:29:47,320 Speaker 1: and A episode sometime back. I had a true record 478 00:29:47,400 --> 00:29:50,760 Speaker 1: scratch moment when Tracy said her favorite research read was 479 00:29:50,840 --> 00:29:55,000 Speaker 1: Frankie Manning, the Ambassador of LYNDI hop not only was 480 00:29:55,040 --> 00:29:57,320 Speaker 1: the book sitting on my desk, but I had just 481 00:29:57,520 --> 00:30:01,120 Speaker 1: spoken with Cynthia Millman about aaking with the group, which 482 00:30:01,120 --> 00:30:04,680 Speaker 1: she graciously did. The next time I talked to her, 483 00:30:04,720 --> 00:30:07,280 Speaker 1: I passed on your kind words. She was delighted and 484 00:30:07,320 --> 00:30:10,680 Speaker 1: expressed her thanks in a return. She's truly dedicated to 485 00:30:10,720 --> 00:30:14,320 Speaker 1: Frankie Manning's legacy and education in general, still serving as 486 00:30:14,360 --> 00:30:16,880 Speaker 1: a full time librarian at a school in New York City, 487 00:30:17,200 --> 00:30:19,720 Speaker 1: and it is incredibly generous with her time and her stories. 488 00:30:20,160 --> 00:30:23,280 Speaker 1: Given how whitewashed Lindy Hop has become since its revival, 489 00:30:23,320 --> 00:30:26,600 Speaker 1: her work keeping Frankie's memory and contributions in the foreground 490 00:30:26,720 --> 00:30:29,960 Speaker 1: is something to greatly respect. So thanks for a nice 491 00:30:29,960 --> 00:30:32,240 Speaker 1: shout out to a really lovely woman and the joy 492 00:30:32,320 --> 00:30:35,280 Speaker 1: it brought me once I picked myself then my jaw 493 00:30:35,480 --> 00:30:38,440 Speaker 1: up off the floor. Attached as a photo we took 494 00:30:38,480 --> 00:30:40,880 Speaker 1: while reading it that I thought you might enjoy. I 495 00:30:40,880 --> 00:30:44,640 Speaker 1: hope you're having fun soaking up spooky season. Perhaps purple 496 00:30:44,720 --> 00:30:49,200 Speaker 1: hair can increase one's absorption rate question mark warm regards, Emily, 497 00:30:49,320 --> 00:30:51,760 Speaker 1: Thank you so much, Emily. So The picture that accompanied 498 00:30:51,760 --> 00:30:54,920 Speaker 1: this was like a screenshot of the Zoom meeting with 499 00:30:55,000 --> 00:30:56,920 Speaker 1: every I don't know if it was specifically Zoom but 500 00:30:57,160 --> 00:31:00,160 Speaker 1: because I don't remember, but with everybody holding up their 501 00:31:00,200 --> 00:31:04,680 Speaker 1: copies of that Frankie Manning memoir, it was absolutely precious 502 00:31:04,680 --> 00:31:08,880 Speaker 1: to look at. So thank you so much, Emily. I 503 00:31:08,920 --> 00:31:12,840 Speaker 1: feel like we're continuing to do as well as one 504 00:31:12,920 --> 00:31:16,560 Speaker 1: might be expected to do in the times that we 505 00:31:16,640 --> 00:31:21,640 Speaker 1: are living in. Yeah, you know, I mean it's interesting, right. 506 00:31:21,680 --> 00:31:24,440 Speaker 1: I feel like, I don't know if you have this moment. 507 00:31:24,480 --> 00:31:27,440 Speaker 1: We have been very much home all the time, like 508 00:31:27,480 --> 00:31:31,040 Speaker 1: we're not going out. We have gone out maybe seven 509 00:31:31,080 --> 00:31:34,960 Speaker 1: times total since this whole thing started. And when I 510 00:31:34,960 --> 00:31:37,720 Speaker 1: say seven times, I mean like those are like necessary 511 00:31:37,760 --> 00:31:41,120 Speaker 1: things like a doctor's appointment or something that we shouldn't miss. 512 00:31:41,160 --> 00:31:43,200 Speaker 1: So then there are times when I see people who 513 00:31:43,240 --> 00:31:45,080 Speaker 1: are like, oh, I just went to Target, and I like, 514 00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:47,680 Speaker 1: am I the only fool that's still just like locking 515 00:31:47,720 --> 00:31:51,959 Speaker 1: myself in my house like some weird postmodern Rapunzel story. 516 00:31:52,360 --> 00:31:57,400 Speaker 1: M Our Big Big treats has been going to the 517 00:31:57,440 --> 00:32:01,440 Speaker 1: farmers market. Because the farmer's market is out doors. Everyone's 518 00:32:01,440 --> 00:32:04,680 Speaker 1: in a mask. Um, everyone has to say six ft apart. 519 00:32:04,840 --> 00:32:08,479 Speaker 1: There's like usually weather permitting. There's little lines on the 520 00:32:08,520 --> 00:32:12,600 Speaker 1: ground marking how far apart that is, so it feels 521 00:32:12,640 --> 00:32:15,520 Speaker 1: pretty safe. And that's like our big, our big treat. 522 00:32:15,840 --> 00:32:18,200 Speaker 1: We're coming up on the end of farmers market season, 523 00:32:18,320 --> 00:32:20,200 Speaker 1: so I don't know what our big treat is going 524 00:32:20,280 --> 00:32:25,720 Speaker 1: to be after that. Um. Most of my doing of 525 00:32:25,880 --> 00:32:30,920 Speaker 1: things outside of the house has been, um, hiking on 526 00:32:31,200 --> 00:32:37,760 Speaker 1: unpopular trails so that I can go, Yeah I can. 527 00:32:37,880 --> 00:32:40,520 Speaker 1: I Also I do this by myself a lot instead 528 00:32:40,920 --> 00:32:45,320 Speaker 1: like be uh be sharing my location with with my 529 00:32:45,400 --> 00:32:48,840 Speaker 1: husband just in case something happens to me out in 530 00:32:48,880 --> 00:32:53,920 Speaker 1: the woods. Um yeah, yeah, same. We also are not 531 00:32:55,360 --> 00:32:58,240 Speaker 1: I don't know an answer is to whether purple hair 532 00:32:58,320 --> 00:33:02,440 Speaker 1: augments your absorption of hall weenacity. Uh. I mean it's 533 00:33:02,440 --> 00:33:07,200 Speaker 1: definitely born of the same seed, right for sure? For sure. 534 00:33:07,680 --> 00:33:09,920 Speaker 1: I don't know if i've if we've ever talked about it, 535 00:33:09,960 --> 00:33:12,400 Speaker 1: that I died my hair all over purple for the 536 00:33:12,400 --> 00:33:15,440 Speaker 1: first time. Yes, I'm acknowledging it is not natural. Um. 537 00:33:15,560 --> 00:33:18,280 Speaker 1: On the Haunted Mansion's birthday. Oh I didn't know that, 538 00:33:18,360 --> 00:33:20,600 Speaker 1: which was like, when did I start doing it five 539 00:33:20,680 --> 00:33:23,720 Speaker 1: years ago or something? If you had ever told me that, 540 00:33:23,760 --> 00:33:30,560 Speaker 1: I forgot. Yeah, so it's directly related. Um, but I 541 00:33:30,600 --> 00:33:33,840 Speaker 1: am doing lots of Halloween fun things just by myself 542 00:33:33,880 --> 00:33:39,040 Speaker 1: with my husband. Yep, yep. So thank you Emily for writing. 543 00:33:39,080 --> 00:33:40,560 Speaker 1: Thanks to all the folks who have written in just 544 00:33:40,600 --> 00:33:43,280 Speaker 1: to check in on how we're doing. We're hanging in there. 545 00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:45,440 Speaker 1: If you would like to write to us about this 546 00:33:45,520 --> 00:33:48,720 Speaker 1: or anither podcast or at history podcast at I heart 547 00:33:48,800 --> 00:33:52,240 Speaker 1: radio dot com. We're all over social media as miss 548 00:33:52,240 --> 00:33:54,120 Speaker 1: in History, so that's where you'll find our Facebook and 549 00:33:54,160 --> 00:33:56,960 Speaker 1: the pinterest on Twitter and Instagram, and you can subscribe 550 00:33:56,960 --> 00:34:00,000 Speaker 1: to our show on Apple podcasts and I heart radio 551 00:34:00,040 --> 00:34:08,600 Speaker 1: app and anywhere else that you get podcasts. Stuff you 552 00:34:08,640 --> 00:34:11,320 Speaker 1: missed in History Class is a production of I Heart Radio. 553 00:34:11,680 --> 00:34:14,239 Speaker 1: For more podcasts from I heart Radio, visit the I 554 00:34:14,320 --> 00:34:17,520 Speaker 1: heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to 555 00:34:17,560 --> 00:34:22,400 Speaker 1: your favorite shows. H