WEBVTT - How Color Works 0:00:00.960 --> 0:00:04.400 Welcome to Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff Works 0:00:04.440 --> 0:00:12.959 dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh 0:00:13.000 --> 0:00:17.119 Clark with Charles W. Chuck Bryant and Jerry and it's 0:00:17.120 --> 0:00:23.119 Stuff you should Know color and technicolor. Yeah, which is 0:00:23.160 --> 0:00:26.320 really something. It's tea technical or yeah. Yeah, imagine what 0:00:26.360 --> 0:00:29.800 it was like back then. Oh, Man debut just melting 0:00:29.880 --> 0:00:34.159 people's eyes out. Bad. Probably good, You're like, wow, how 0:00:34.159 --> 0:00:37.560 are you doing? I'm great. I'm glad to hear that. Yeah, 0:00:37.600 --> 0:00:40.240 how are you going? I'm good. I'm tired, but I'm good. 0:00:41.920 --> 0:00:46.760 I gotta particularly to study. Oh yeah, you get up 0:00:46.760 --> 0:00:52.000 early to make the cheese? What? Oh? You know, it's 0:00:52.040 --> 0:00:55.440 just a saying kind of make Wait wait, who's saying, yeah, 0:00:55.520 --> 0:00:58.040 make the cheese, make the sausage, make the doughnuts, of her, 0:00:58.160 --> 0:01:01.720 make the donuts. You never make the sausage. You don't 0:01:01.720 --> 0:01:04.680 want to see how the sausage just made. Just pick anything. 0:01:04.880 --> 0:01:08.959 Make the cheese. I don't think so. The cheese milk 0:01:09.080 --> 0:01:11.399 a cow. People get up early for that, so I 0:01:11.400 --> 0:01:14.000 guess there's that association. Have you ever milk to cow? No? 0:01:14.280 --> 0:01:16.440 Have you know? I was talking to Emily about that 0:01:16.480 --> 0:01:19.040 the other day because uh. We went horse riding, and 0:01:19.080 --> 0:01:21.720 I'd never ridden a horse before. Oh yeah, it's pretty neat. Huh, 0:01:21.800 --> 0:01:25.240 it's my new favorite thing. Yeah, it was amazing, how 0:01:25.280 --> 0:01:28.640 awesome it was. Did you jump over anything on the horse? No? 0:01:28.800 --> 0:01:32.280 But we like, you know, trotted up a hill. Did 0:01:32.360 --> 0:01:34.840 you shoot a bow and arrow? No? Almost fell off though. 0:01:34.880 --> 0:01:37.880 And yeah when he trotted up the hill, I got 0:01:38.600 --> 0:01:42.840 like kind of loosened saddle, as they say. I was like, whoa, Okay, 0:01:43.080 --> 0:01:45.000 well that's exactly what you should have said, is whoa. 0:01:45.240 --> 0:01:47.200 Well no, he was going uphill, so I had to 0:01:47.200 --> 0:01:49.320 just keep on trucking. Really yeah, I didn't want to 0:01:49.320 --> 0:01:51.440 stop him. Good for you, man, he was carrying a load. 0:01:51.480 --> 0:01:54.240 I felt bad for the horse. I'm sure he was fine, 0:01:54.360 --> 0:01:59.559 Yeah he was all right. Yeah. What was his name? Um? Oh? Man? 0:02:00.040 --> 0:02:03.040 Now I'm kicking myself like a horse because I called 0:02:03.080 --> 0:02:06.400 this horse by his name the whole day and now 0:02:06.440 --> 0:02:09.440 I can't remember Calvin. I thought we'd bonded. I guess 0:02:09.480 --> 0:02:14.080 I was just pretending. That's cool. The horse probably can't 0:02:14.080 --> 0:02:16.480 remember your name either. And he took a big dump 0:02:17.160 --> 0:02:19.880 they do that, right, and then just stopped and I 0:02:19.919 --> 0:02:23.239 was like, what are you stopping for and I was like, oh, oh, 0:02:23.320 --> 0:02:26.680 you're lucky even stop sometimes they just walk and do that. Really, 0:02:26.720 --> 0:02:29.400 all of the ones on our little ride stopped to poop, 0:02:29.600 --> 0:02:32.440 which I thought was maybe I'm confusing them with another 0:02:32.520 --> 0:02:37.880 animal humans just walking poop at the same time. Anyway, 0:02:37.960 --> 0:02:40.440 it was my favorite new thing. I loved it. That's cool, man, 0:02:40.600 --> 0:02:43.240 I felt buried at home. What color was the horse? 0:02:44.040 --> 0:02:46.960 One of the spotted ones, which I love, man. I 0:02:46.960 --> 0:02:48.800 was hoping you're gonna say, like blue or red or 0:02:48.840 --> 0:02:53.280 something easy. You smashed the table. Let's go with blue. Okay, blue, 0:02:53.680 --> 0:02:56.840 It was a blue horse, So allow me to explain 0:02:56.960 --> 0:03:00.600 why your horse appeared blue. Okay, As Newton figured out, 0:03:01.560 --> 0:03:05.239 that horse is not inherently blue. There's nothing inherently blue 0:03:05.280 --> 0:03:09.919 about that horse. It's all in our perception because color 0:03:10.280 --> 0:03:14.000 technically doesn't exist. It exists in our minds. Well, yeah, 0:03:14.040 --> 0:03:17.040 the perception of color does exactly. But like an apple 0:03:17.120 --> 0:03:21.680 isn't just there's nothing in the apple that's red, exactly chucking. 0:03:21.720 --> 0:03:24.760 There's nothing in your horse that made it blue. What 0:03:24.960 --> 0:03:30.120 happens is that color is basically our perception of a 0:03:30.440 --> 0:03:34.720 specific wavelength of visible light that's right invisible light is 0:03:34.760 --> 0:03:38.040 just part of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes everything from 0:03:38.120 --> 0:03:44.200 microwaves to radio waves to gamma raise to um ocean waves. 0:03:44.520 --> 0:03:51.080 Not quite, but visible light is part of that wave pools. No, no, no, 0:03:51.240 --> 0:03:56.440 just those things that I said, Ok, so um along 0:03:56.440 --> 0:04:01.000 that spectrum is this very narrow little slice that's visible 0:04:01.080 --> 0:04:07.040 light and invisible light, which we see as like white light, sunlight. Yeah, 0:04:07.200 --> 0:04:11.119 it is the presence of the rainbow, which are called 0:04:11.160 --> 0:04:15.360 the spectral colors. On one end, you have the short wavelength, 0:04:15.400 --> 0:04:17.960 which is blue. On the other end, you have the 0:04:18.160 --> 0:04:22.960 h long wavelengths, which is red technically violet. On the 0:04:22.960 --> 0:04:26.080 the other side, well, red has a bunch of different names. 0:04:26.160 --> 0:04:28.800 When you start reading in the color, well, no blue 0:04:28.800 --> 0:04:30.839 on the blue side, it's like starts at violet. But 0:04:30.880 --> 0:04:33.120 we don't perceive it very well. Oh well, I'm talking 0:04:33.160 --> 0:04:36.400 about what humans can see. Yeah, and then everything else 0:04:36.440 --> 0:04:39.520 is in between, right, and what's in what's really in 0:04:39.560 --> 0:04:42.920 the middle, like yellow maybe it seems like yellows kind 0:04:42.920 --> 0:04:47.760 of in the middle. Yeah, we just think you tell me, well, 0:04:47.800 --> 0:04:50.640 on the other end, beyond violet, you've got ultra violet, 0:04:50.880 --> 0:04:53.440 and beyond red you've got infrared. Yeah, these are things 0:04:53.440 --> 0:04:56.039 we can't see. No, we can't. Some animals can, remember 0:04:56.400 --> 0:04:59.240 they think monarch butterflies are able to migrate all the 0:04:59.240 --> 0:05:04.120 way to Mexic co Um using ultra violet detecting ultra violet. 0:05:04.160 --> 0:05:06.960 I remember that. Yeah, man, that was a good episode. Amazing. 0:05:07.640 --> 0:05:11.719 So this, this band of light, this visible spectrum, contains 0:05:11.800 --> 0:05:15.320 the spectral colors which we perceive, right. And for a 0:05:15.480 --> 0:05:18.760 very long time, everybody just thought, well, that apple's red, 0:05:18.960 --> 0:05:21.119 but that horse is blue. That's just how it's born. 0:05:21.360 --> 0:05:23.560 There's nothing that can be done about it. And then, 0:05:23.640 --> 0:05:26.440 like we said, along came Newton, and Newton said, no, 0:05:27.000 --> 0:05:30.120 something weird is going on here. Like you said, color 0:05:30.200 --> 0:05:33.080 doesn't really exist. It's in the eye of the beholder, 0:05:33.240 --> 0:05:38.240 almost literally, right, um. And the reason why an apple 0:05:38.240 --> 0:05:40.800 seems red or your horse seems blue are because of 0:05:40.920 --> 0:05:43.839 natural chemicals found in say the skin of the apple 0:05:43.960 --> 0:05:47.800 or the hide of the horse, that are called pigments. 0:05:47.800 --> 0:05:51.440 So in an apple, specifically, it's anthro cyanins that make 0:05:51.480 --> 0:05:55.560 it red. In in the case of a carrot, it's carotenoids. 0:05:55.560 --> 0:05:58.960 In the case of grass, it's chlorophyll. And these pigments 0:05:59.279 --> 0:06:03.039 had the cape ability of absorbing some wavelengths of light 0:06:03.880 --> 0:06:07.760 and reflecting others back. And the wavelength that it reflects 0:06:07.760 --> 0:06:11.800 back are the colors that we perceive. That's right, And 0:06:11.839 --> 0:06:16.360 that's if it's an object that is opaque. Well, yeah, 0:06:16.360 --> 0:06:19.800 that's a big one right there. Apples are pretty opaque. Yeah, 0:06:19.839 --> 0:06:24.440 I would say, so that's your Superman maybe yeah, he 0:06:24.440 --> 0:06:28.120 it's invisible see through apple. Oh yeah he can, Candy, 0:06:28.480 --> 0:06:31.159 I get your joke now. So yeah, with an opaque 0:06:31.200 --> 0:06:34.760 object where light um doesn't pass all the way through, 0:06:36.080 --> 0:06:39.280 some lights reflected back. So in the case of anthra cyanons, 0:06:39.400 --> 0:06:45.039 this pigment absorbs all the other wavelengths of light except red, 0:06:45.680 --> 0:06:49.600 and it reflects red back, and so red is reflected back. 0:06:49.680 --> 0:06:51.440 So what you see when you look at this apple 0:06:51.520 --> 0:06:54.359 with all the red light reflecting back at you is 0:06:54.400 --> 0:06:58.039 a red apple. That's how we perceive color in the 0:06:58.080 --> 0:07:02.280 world around us naturally. And if it's transparent, uh, it's 0:07:02.279 --> 0:07:05.760 not reflecting that light but transmitting it. So it depends 0:07:05.839 --> 0:07:08.719 on the color of light that's passing through it instead 0:07:08.720 --> 0:07:12.840 of reflecting back to you. And again it's that chemical makeup. 0:07:13.120 --> 0:07:16.160 It's it operates in sort of the same way. Um. 0:07:16.200 --> 0:07:19.840 It's just not like in an apple skin. Let's say, yeah, exactly. 0:07:20.000 --> 0:07:22.080 But it all comes to do It comes down to 0:07:22.240 --> 0:07:28.600 basically pigments or whatever natural chemical or mineral that either 0:07:28.720 --> 0:07:32.360 absorbs or reflects certain wavelengths of light. That's right. So 0:07:32.800 --> 0:07:35.280 here's the thing, though, Chuck, Like that can happen all 0:07:35.360 --> 0:07:37.920 day long, and as long as there's not a human 0:07:38.200 --> 0:07:41.320 or a monkey, or a dolphin or a dog, because 0:07:41.360 --> 0:07:44.400 dogs are not color blind, that's right. They see different 0:07:44.400 --> 0:07:47.400 colors than we do, but they're not color blind. I 0:07:47.400 --> 0:07:51.440 always wonder how they do this tests ah, animals. Yeah, 0:07:51.480 --> 0:07:53.679 that's a good question. I mean, I'm sure it's pretty 0:07:53.680 --> 0:07:55.240 easy to find out, but I just didn't have time 0:07:55.280 --> 0:07:57.080 to look into it. I'm with you. Yeah, this is 0:07:57.280 --> 0:08:02.880 like in massive black hole of information. Like you could 0:08:02.920 --> 0:08:05.600 just keep going and going and going with colors such 0:08:05.600 --> 0:08:11.240 a huge expansive topic that we could just do nothing 0:08:11.320 --> 0:08:13.640 but color episodes for the next several months if we 0:08:13.680 --> 0:08:17.720 wanted to do do. You want to kill me, I may 0:08:17.760 --> 0:08:20.000 not make it through today's. So you're doing great. This 0:08:20.120 --> 0:08:22.680 is fine. This is great, Chuck. It is a very 0:08:22.760 --> 0:08:26.680 like big subject, Yes it is, man, We're just we're 0:08:26.720 --> 0:08:30.520 providing a brief overview of it. That's right. So um, 0:08:30.600 --> 0:08:33.439 Like I was saying, things can reflect color all the time, 0:08:33.480 --> 0:08:36.200 but as long as there's not something there to perceive it, 0:08:36.280 --> 0:08:39.600 is there any Is there really any color there? Well 0:08:39.600 --> 0:08:42.480 that's a philosophical question, but there's an answer to it, 0:08:42.520 --> 0:08:44.200 and the answer is no. If the tree falls in 0:08:44.240 --> 0:08:45.760 the woods and no one's around to here, it doesn't 0:08:45.760 --> 0:08:49.640 make annoyance. No. Actually, my my opinion on that one 0:08:49.679 --> 0:08:55.560 is yes, okay, but with color, Um, yeah, it doesn't 0:08:55.559 --> 0:08:58.520 exist without being perceived. I think it sound to me 0:08:58.600 --> 0:09:00.760 is different things. It's a bit of the brain melter. 0:09:00.920 --> 0:09:04.280 But I see what you're saying. Okay. So um. That 0:09:04.360 --> 0:09:07.320 leads you to the question of how do we see color? 0:09:08.040 --> 0:09:12.720 And that wasn't figured out until the eighteenth century, and 0:09:12.760 --> 0:09:15.400 it wasn't proven, I think, until the sixties. And there 0:09:15.400 --> 0:09:17.600 were a pair of guys who were a dynamic duo 0:09:17.640 --> 0:09:20.440 if I've ever heard of one before, And what were 0:09:20.480 --> 0:09:23.640 their names? Well, Thomas Young he was I thought he 0:09:23.679 --> 0:09:25.280 was kind of the main guy. Had never heard of 0:09:25.320 --> 0:09:30.160 the other guy, Herman von Helmholtz. Yeah, Thomas Young. Um. 0:09:30.280 --> 0:09:31.959 What I read was that he was the first to 0:09:32.160 --> 0:09:37.480 propose the trichromatic theory basically that we see everything through red, green, 0:09:37.520 --> 0:09:41.320 and blue channels because that's how our eyes pick up 0:09:41.360 --> 0:09:44.600 on color. Yeah, because we have specialized cells in our 0:09:44.640 --> 0:09:49.520 eyes called cones, right, and I think we have something like, um, 0:09:49.559 --> 0:09:52.920 a hundred million or some ridiculous amount of rods. And 0:09:53.040 --> 0:09:55.840 rods are the things that we see in like fine detail, 0:09:55.960 --> 0:09:59.880 black and white typically, right, cones are color perceiving sy 0:10:00.600 --> 0:10:05.640 and each cell is specialized. You either attuned to wavelengths 0:10:05.679 --> 0:10:08.480 that red, green, or blue. Yeah, you have way more 0:10:08.600 --> 0:10:11.720 rods than cones, about a hundred and twenty million rods 0:10:11.720 --> 0:10:15.320 in each eye and only only about six million cones 0:10:15.360 --> 0:10:19.280 in each eye. And those cones are concentrated mostly in 0:10:19.280 --> 0:10:22.080 the front of your retina in the middle, right, which 0:10:22.080 --> 0:10:24.520 is why you don't see color periphetally quite as well, 0:10:24.640 --> 0:10:29.960 that's right. So, um, these cells are attuned to different wavelengths, right, 0:10:30.160 --> 0:10:33.800 The long wavelengths are red, medium is green, and short 0:10:33.880 --> 0:10:37.760 is blue. Like you said medium was yellow. No, that's 0:10:37.800 --> 0:10:40.559 in the middle, okay, right, so medium is not in 0:10:40.600 --> 0:10:47.520 the middle, well as far as our RGB goes, okay, Yeah, 0:10:47.720 --> 0:10:50.719 And so with these cells, chuck, if you're looking at 0:10:50.720 --> 0:10:54.280 your blue horse. What was his name, Calvin the Blue Horse. 0:10:56.160 --> 0:10:59.000 So if you're looking at Calvin the Blue Horse, you're 0:10:59.000 --> 0:11:03.240 getting a lot of information on from short wavelength light, 0:11:04.120 --> 0:11:08.080 not so much at the longer medium wavelengths, right, And 0:11:08.120 --> 0:11:11.360 so there's probably a little bit it's not a true 0:11:11.400 --> 0:11:14.800 blue horse, right, which would mean that it was a 0:11:14.800 --> 0:11:20.480 totally saturated blue, which is only that blue wavelength, true 0:11:20.480 --> 0:11:22.920 blue wavelength. Coming to your eyes, there's probably a little 0:11:22.960 --> 0:11:25.240 bit of green, a little bit of red. And so 0:11:25.280 --> 0:11:27.160 all the cones in your eyes are getting all of 0:11:27.240 --> 0:11:31.319 this information at once, and they're reporting to your brain 0:11:31.559 --> 0:11:37.040 via electrical impulses about the quality of the wavelengths of 0:11:37.120 --> 0:11:40.080 light that they're getting. And so your brain takes it 0:11:40.200 --> 0:11:44.000 and basically becomes a color mixer and creates the color 0:11:44.080 --> 0:11:47.800 blue that you're seeing. Calvin ass that's how we detect color. 0:11:48.240 --> 0:11:50.079 And from the R and the G and the B 0:11:50.760 --> 0:11:58.640 you can put together. Supposedly, the Commission on Illumination, a 0:11:58.720 --> 0:12:03.560 European Commission on illumination back in one determined that humans 0:12:03.600 --> 0:12:07.320 can see something like two point three eight million colors. Oh, 0:12:07.400 --> 0:12:10.040 it's such a hundred million, now, is it? Because I've 0:12:10.080 --> 0:12:13.720 seen all over the place in this findings are the 0:12:13.720 --> 0:12:18.680 ones that people say, this has the best science behind it. Yeah, 0:12:19.520 --> 0:12:23.560 now I'm sorry. Ten million Okay. The other thing about 0:12:23.600 --> 0:12:25.559 the c I E Is that people say, well, this 0:12:25.640 --> 0:12:28.360 was only under certain types of illumination. I think three 0:12:28.360 --> 0:12:31.800 different types of illumination, so it is entirely possible if 0:12:31.800 --> 0:12:34.719 you change the intensity or whatever, you're going to have 0:12:34.920 --> 0:12:38.880 brand new colors. So ten millions reasonable. That's a lot 0:12:38.920 --> 0:12:41.320 of colors that we can see all from the red, 0:12:41.520 --> 0:12:44.440 the green, and the blue cones coming together and your 0:12:44.480 --> 0:12:50.040 brain adjusting them and seeing, oh, well that's um burnt sienna. 0:12:50.440 --> 0:12:53.079 Did you Yeah, this sort of the go to joke color, right, 0:12:53.280 --> 0:12:55.720 it is a pretty jokey color. It's a good one. 0:12:56.320 --> 0:12:59.080 Uh yeah, it's pretty amazing. Ten million colors, or let's 0:12:59.080 --> 0:13:04.320 say it's two million, if you're going by you know, 0:13:05.480 --> 0:13:08.960 naming convention. Shall we talk about some of the characteristics 0:13:08.960 --> 0:13:10.959 of color. Yeah, but let's take a break first. It 0:13:11.040 --> 0:13:33.520 is getting heavy, all right, so if you um actually 0:13:33.640 --> 0:13:35.640 you can do this on your modern television as well. 0:13:35.679 --> 0:13:38.680 But it seemed like most TVs now kind of come 0:13:38.840 --> 0:13:41.800 fairly set up. But in the old days, when you 0:13:41.840 --> 0:13:44.520 have those little wheels to try and get that color right. 0:13:45.040 --> 0:13:47.400 It was. You know, you might have noticed things that 0:13:47.440 --> 0:13:52.040 said hugh and intensity or value or tone and all 0:13:52.080 --> 0:13:57.280 that stuff. Those are all color characteristics, and hugh specifically 0:13:57.440 --> 0:14:01.760 is um. I mean, that's basically what the color is. 0:14:01.960 --> 0:14:04.480 It's not the lightness of the darkness. It's you know, 0:14:04.640 --> 0:14:08.360 it's the greenness or the redness or the blueness that's 0:14:08.360 --> 0:14:12.160 the hue. Yeah, it's it's what you can interchange that 0:14:12.200 --> 0:14:15.880 word with color. Yeah, exactly. UM. I like how they 0:14:15.960 --> 0:14:19.120 refer to as the identity of a color sounds kind 0:14:19.120 --> 0:14:22.600 of personal. Uh. The intensity is how pure it is 0:14:23.080 --> 0:14:26.840 so um. Like we said, most colors are mixes, you know, 0:14:26.880 --> 0:14:28.880 they bleed one way or the other on the wavelength. 0:14:28.960 --> 0:14:32.880 But in its purest form a single wavelength um, which 0:14:32.920 --> 0:14:35.480 is really rare, that would be the purity or the 0:14:35.520 --> 0:14:38.800 intensity of the color. Um. You're not gonna see that 0:14:38.880 --> 0:14:41.280 very often though. No, And I was wondering, like, that's 0:14:41.280 --> 0:14:46.080 pretty cool. There's some physics labs somewhere that can produce 0:14:46.720 --> 0:14:52.480 pure saturated green, like unadulterated green or unadulterated blue. There 0:14:51.640 --> 0:14:55.520 is there has to be. Yeah, probably that is gotta 0:14:55.560 --> 0:14:58.960 be really something to see to know you're looking at green, 0:14:59.600 --> 0:15:03.960 like think but green, I would like to see that sometime. Yeah, 0:15:04.000 --> 0:15:06.440 and I have, UM, I'm not color blind, but I 0:15:06.480 --> 0:15:10.280 have a more difficult time picking out other cues in 0:15:10.360 --> 0:15:13.960 a color, whereas Emily is really good, like when picking 0:15:13.960 --> 0:15:17.480 out paint colors, like that gray has this and this 0:15:17.560 --> 0:15:19.920 and this and it, and I'm like, really like I 0:15:19.960 --> 0:15:23.640 see gray. Well, supposedly a lot of people have a 0:15:23.680 --> 0:15:26.640 color deficiency. I might have a slight color deficiency, and 0:15:26.680 --> 0:15:30.000 a lot of people don't realize that. Well, yeah, so 0:15:30.080 --> 0:15:32.000 a lot of people don't realize that they think that 0:15:32.040 --> 0:15:34.120 this is this color just looks like this and thinks 0:15:34.120 --> 0:15:35.960 everybody sees it that way and this in the case, 0:15:36.000 --> 0:15:38.640 and then it comes from a conversation where they're like, well, 0:15:38.640 --> 0:15:40.000 wait a minute, what do you mean you see a 0:15:40.040 --> 0:15:42.960 distinction between those? Well, but yeah, but in my case, 0:15:43.000 --> 0:15:46.280 it's hues. It's not like I see a completely different 0:15:46.320 --> 0:15:50.680 color or you know, black or everything just looks gray. 0:15:51.560 --> 0:15:54.400 I did UM a brain stuff on color blindness. It 0:15:54.440 --> 0:15:57.360 is pretty interesting. Yeah. I went to UM research that 0:15:57.400 --> 0:15:58.800 one time for a show, and it would just like 0:15:58.880 --> 0:16:01.520 bent in my mind so much. I'd quietly file it away, 0:16:02.320 --> 0:16:07.040 so I'm sure you'll pick it next week. Color blindness, Yeah, Um. 0:16:07.360 --> 0:16:10.240 Value is the lightness or darkness of a color, and 0:16:10.320 --> 0:16:13.560 that's basically has to do with light. Um, the energy 0:16:13.560 --> 0:16:16.880 of the light that makes it up. Yeah, and the 0:16:17.560 --> 0:16:21.440 value is um, so he was. There's really just kind 0:16:21.440 --> 0:16:26.640 of a finite, very finite number of colors of hues, right. Um. 0:16:26.680 --> 0:16:28.960 And you think of like primary colors, which we'll talk 0:16:28.960 --> 0:16:33.360 about soon. Um. But when you adjust something, when you 0:16:33.400 --> 0:16:37.480 adjust them the value of it, that just creates a 0:16:37.480 --> 0:16:40.640 whole new range of colors. So if you add a 0:16:40.640 --> 0:16:44.680 little black to a color, what you're doing is shading it. Yeah. 0:16:44.800 --> 0:16:49.080 If you add white, you are creating a tint. And 0:16:49.120 --> 0:16:53.600 then if you add black and white gray, you're toning it. Yeah. Right, 0:16:54.080 --> 0:16:57.920 And I think people interchange those words without understanding what 0:16:57.960 --> 0:17:01.760 they mean. Yeah, but they are definite distinct things, and 0:17:01.880 --> 0:17:04.000 um that we should probably say. There's a lot of 0:17:04.040 --> 0:17:07.200 really neat sights on the internet. Pantone is a really 0:17:07.280 --> 0:17:10.879 good one, um, where you can go look at color 0:17:10.920 --> 0:17:14.080 wheels and things like that and see the distinction between 0:17:14.119 --> 0:17:17.280 these things and be like, oh, you mean pastels. That's 0:17:17.320 --> 0:17:21.000 another word for a tone. Yeah, And it's a lot 0:17:21.040 --> 0:17:23.399 of people get really get into it because it's the 0:17:23.440 --> 0:17:29.680 basis of printing and art and photography, and like every 0:17:29.720 --> 0:17:32.800 every sort of art form, well not every art form, 0:17:32.880 --> 0:17:36.040 but many art forms boil down to color. So if 0:17:36.080 --> 0:17:39.000 you go to art school, you're gonna study color pretty deeply. Yeah, 0:17:39.080 --> 0:17:41.520 you know, and one of the things you're gonna study 0:17:41.560 --> 0:17:44.399 is color theory. And color theory is based on the 0:17:44.480 --> 0:17:50.560 idea that certain colors can contrast one another, certain colors 0:17:50.840 --> 0:17:53.720 complement one another, certain colors should never be used together. 0:17:53.960 --> 0:17:57.879 And not that it's just you know, um, your instructor 0:17:58.000 --> 0:18:02.480 says saying these colors don't go together. It's not just 0:18:02.520 --> 0:18:06.119 search his opinion. These are objective facts as far as 0:18:06.160 --> 0:18:09.800 color theory goes, and it's all based on um. These 0:18:09.880 --> 0:18:13.880 the idea that all colors fall into one of two categories. 0:18:14.359 --> 0:18:18.560 You have additive colors and subtractive colors. Yeah, and there's 0:18:18.600 --> 0:18:20.879 a couple of I mean, there's two distinct applications for 0:18:20.960 --> 0:18:23.919 both of these. If you're talking about a computer screen 0:18:24.040 --> 0:18:29.040 or or a television, that's that's using light, so it's additive. Um. 0:18:29.119 --> 0:18:33.560 If you're talking about paint or photography, that's subtractive, right, 0:18:33.600 --> 0:18:36.160 So you can think of it this way. With additive colors, 0:18:36.440 --> 0:18:40.040 you're starting with black and you're adding light to it, 0:18:40.240 --> 0:18:43.040 and ultimately, when you add all these additive colors together, 0:18:43.440 --> 0:18:47.040 you're going to have white. With subtractive colors, you start 0:18:47.080 --> 0:18:49.800 with white, and when you add all these colors together, 0:18:49.960 --> 0:18:53.040 you're ultimately going to have black. And they subtract by 0:18:53.160 --> 0:18:58.200 absorbing one another's colors. Yeah, that's another color mind bender 0:18:58.240 --> 0:19:01.720 two because with subtract active color, you're still adding colors, 0:19:02.200 --> 0:19:06.240 but it's not additive, right to wrap your head around that. Yeah, 0:19:06.240 --> 0:19:12.160 but there's there's subtracting wavelengths by combining colors and absorbing them, right, Yeah, 0:19:12.200 --> 0:19:14.800 it takes a hue out. So a really good example 0:19:14.840 --> 0:19:20.639 of subtractive colors is if you take um cyane. Cyan 0:19:20.720 --> 0:19:25.520 absorbs orange red, right, So if you take cyane and 0:19:25.600 --> 0:19:28.320 you mix it with yellow, you produce green. And the 0:19:28.359 --> 0:19:31.080 reason that cyane and yellow produced green, it's because the 0:19:31.200 --> 0:19:36.600 cyane absorbs the red light and the yellow light. The 0:19:36.760 --> 0:19:40.760 yellow absorbs blue violet, and so the only color that's 0:19:40.800 --> 0:19:45.400 not subtracted or absorbed is green. So green is produced 0:19:45.480 --> 0:19:51.840 from these other pigments absorbing all the other wavelengths, and 0:19:52.000 --> 0:19:56.359 with an additive coloring, additive pigments, it's it's quite the opposite. 0:19:56.720 --> 0:20:01.280 You have um light combining to form new colors. Rather 0:20:01.320 --> 0:20:04.439 than absorbing, you're adding to it. Yeah, and like the 0:20:04.440 --> 0:20:06.920 apple is an example, like we said earlier, of a 0:20:06.960 --> 0:20:11.879 subtractive color system um and again, like a TV screen 0:20:11.920 --> 0:20:16.800 would be additive. I think we I think we got that. Yeah, 0:20:17.040 --> 0:20:20.280 I mean it is mine bending a little bit. Some 0:20:20.320 --> 0:20:21.520 of the stuff, you know, I have to read like 0:20:21.600 --> 0:20:24.280 ten times and then it sinks in. But the the 0:20:24.680 --> 0:20:28.720 reason that all colors can be turned into either additive 0:20:29.280 --> 0:20:33.640 primaries or subtractive primaries is that these are the six colors. 0:20:33.720 --> 0:20:37.239 Of these they're the six spectral colors. They're the rainbow colors, right, 0:20:38.560 --> 0:20:43.680 So additive primaries are what red, green, and blue the 0:20:43.840 --> 0:20:49.840 correct Yeah, and then the subtractive colors are cyan yellow 0:20:50.680 --> 0:20:55.680 and um magenta ye I was gonna say magenta. They're 0:20:55.680 --> 0:21:00.879 almost like bizarro colors. They're the bizarro world. Primary colors. 0:21:00.920 --> 0:21:02.680 When you think of primary colors, you think of like 0:21:02.720 --> 0:21:09.200 the the what red, yellow, and blue, because ye, red, yellow, 0:21:09.240 --> 0:21:12.200 and blue were the traditional primaries and they still are. 0:21:12.320 --> 0:21:15.800 But um when it comes to like painting and printing. 0:21:16.800 --> 0:21:21.879 They've been replaced with cyan, magenta, yellow and black. K. Yeah, 0:21:21.960 --> 0:21:25.840 when you go to your clubhouse printer, Yeah, that's what 0:21:25.840 --> 0:21:27.840 you're gonna be seeing C M K. Or you can 0:21:27.880 --> 0:21:31.040 select r G B as well, red, green and blue. 0:21:31.400 --> 0:21:36.399 So Crosby stills Nash and Young, right or Crosby Stills 0:21:36.400 --> 0:21:39.960 in Nash. Yeah. Okay, that's the difference. That's a good 0:21:40.040 --> 0:21:42.520 rule of thumb. Man. All right, So we mentioned primary 0:21:42.520 --> 0:21:45.160 colors just a second ago, and then we have our 0:21:45.560 --> 0:21:50.320 secondary colors, green, orange, and purple hues would you get 0:21:50.320 --> 0:21:52.800 from mixing the primary colors, and then you have something 0:21:52.880 --> 0:21:57.080 called tertiary colors, which is this furthering the color hues 0:21:57.160 --> 0:22:01.159 by mixing primary colors with secondary colors. Right, So the 0:22:01.320 --> 0:22:04.880 six tertiary colors and the two sets of primary colors 0:22:04.960 --> 0:22:09.040 or the six secondary colors, I think in the two 0:22:09.040 --> 0:22:13.000 sets of primary colors form the color wheelers twelve colors 0:22:13.000 --> 0:22:15.840 in the color wheel, and tertiary colors are the ones 0:22:15.960 --> 0:22:20.359 that you'll hear like blue, green or red violet. Yeah, 0:22:20.400 --> 0:22:24.639 it's like literally named the two colors, and color naming 0:22:24.720 --> 0:22:27.320 is another rabbit hole that you can go down. There's 0:22:27.359 --> 0:22:30.320 a site. Um man, I wish I'd written it down, 0:22:30.800 --> 0:22:34.400 but it's if you type in like who names colors 0:22:34.480 --> 0:22:36.879 or color naming or something like that in Google, like 0:22:36.960 --> 0:22:41.240 one of the one of the first page entries is 0:22:41.240 --> 0:22:44.960 the site that you go through and um, it shows 0:22:45.000 --> 0:22:47.680 you different colors and you write what you would name 0:22:47.720 --> 0:22:51.960 that color? Interesting, butter yellow or something like that, right, 0:22:52.359 --> 0:22:54.119 and the whole well that was the as far as 0:22:54.119 --> 0:22:56.760 I got. Mike Well, I would call it butter yellow. 0:22:57.119 --> 0:23:00.280 Hungry had other things to do. But um, you can 0:23:00.280 --> 0:23:02.160 go through and just I think it's like two enter 0:23:02.240 --> 0:23:04.879 twenty different shades that they show you, colors that they 0:23:04.920 --> 0:23:09.240 show you, and the the the whole purpose of all 0:23:09.320 --> 0:23:13.119 this is to find some sort of commonality to create 0:23:13.280 --> 0:23:18.800 universal A universal naming convention for colors makes um because 0:23:18.840 --> 0:23:21.879 you know, there is a lot of distinction among languages 0:23:22.320 --> 0:23:25.960 for naming colors. But at least one study that I 0:23:26.040 --> 0:23:33.399 found decided that all colors universally for societies that do 0:23:33.800 --> 0:23:36.960 recognize individual colors, rather than these are just warm colors 0:23:36.960 --> 0:23:40.439 and these are cool colors, which is universal. Um. The 0:23:40.600 --> 0:23:45.200 more primary the color, the shorter and easier to remember 0:23:45.440 --> 0:23:48.320 the name of it. Is like across culture, so not 0:23:48.400 --> 0:23:51.800 all cultures will call it blue. But what a culture 0:23:51.880 --> 0:23:56.240 is going to have like another like short monosyllabic name 0:23:56.440 --> 0:23:58.960 for that color, for the same thing that we would 0:23:59.000 --> 0:24:02.720 call blue. That's pretty interesting just because it's easier to understand. 0:24:02.840 --> 0:24:07.960 It's just it's basic, like colors appear to be basic universally. 0:24:09.400 --> 0:24:11.560 All right, I think we should take another break and 0:24:11.640 --> 0:24:13.680 maybe come back and talk a little bit about how 0:24:13.720 --> 0:24:17.200 colors can complement each other and live in harmony and 0:24:17.280 --> 0:24:39.040 what that all means to us. Okay, all right, we're 0:24:39.040 --> 0:24:43.080 back were Uh So we talked about the different uh 0:24:43.119 --> 0:24:47.000 primary color, secondary, and tertiary. And there's also something called 0:24:47.040 --> 0:24:51.480 complementary colors, which are basically contrasting colors that make a 0:24:51.520 --> 0:24:56.120 neutral color when put together, and they are really far 0:24:56.160 --> 0:24:58.840 apart and hugh as far apart as they can be. 0:24:58.880 --> 0:25:01.240 And there if you look at the color wheel there 0:25:01.320 --> 0:25:05.320 on the complete opposite side from one another, right um. 0:25:05.359 --> 0:25:07.080 And when you place them next to each other, then 0:25:07.119 --> 0:25:09.960