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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from how

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Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast.

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Speaker 1: I'm Sarah Dowdy and I'm to bling a chalklate boarding,

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Speaker 1: and we've been talking about our favorite historical finds of eleven,

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Speaker 1: all of the cool history related news stories that really

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Speaker 1: caught our eye, and that also played into some of

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Speaker 1: the themes that we've talked about a lot on the

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Speaker 1: podcast this year. Yeah, we've been talking about things that

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Speaker 1: we're actually unearthed as inver brought to the surface, and

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Speaker 1: also things that just there were new findings about something

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Speaker 1: that was discovered a while back, new discoveries made. And

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Speaker 1: some of the themes we're going to hit on today

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Speaker 1: include shipwrecks, which I know we talked about quite a

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Speaker 1: bit this spring, art which we're kind of always throwing

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Speaker 1: in the random art history episode, and uh, wine and

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Speaker 1: beer too, which we did a two party this summer.

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Speaker 1: It was a real it was a real summer kind

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Speaker 1: of episode. It was on historical wine, historical beer, even

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Speaker 1: some mead thrown in there. So we're going to talk

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Speaker 1: about news stories related to those things today and um,

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Speaker 1: just let you know kind of that history keeps on

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Speaker 1: chugging too. People keep on making discoveries, and the news

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Speaker 1: really figures into our podcasts a lot more than some

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Speaker 1: people might expect it does. And first off, we're going

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Speaker 1: to start out with another great pirate story that I

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Speaker 1: know people always love to hear more about, no matter

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Speaker 1: how much you already know about it. And it's a

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Speaker 1: follow up on an episode that we actually did a

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Speaker 1: couple of years ago. Well, not me personally, some of

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Speaker 1: my esteemed colleagues, black Beard and his flagship the Queen

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Speaker 1: Anne's Revenge, which ran aground near Beaufort, North Carolina in

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Speaker 1: seventeen eighteen. As you already know from the earlier podcast,

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Speaker 1: because of course you've listened to it. The shipwreck itself

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Speaker 1: is not a new find. We even had a listener

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Speaker 1: who worked on conserving its artifacts right in But one

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Speaker 1: of the coolest pieces of listener mail I think I've

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Speaker 1: ever gotten it is But what is really big news

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Speaker 1: for this year is that the North Carolina Department of

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Speaker 1: Cultural Resources has come out and said that the ship

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Speaker 1: that most folks thought was probably the Queen Anne's Revenge

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Speaker 1: is definitely the Queen Anne's Revenge. So we'll give you

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Speaker 1: a little bit of background on the ship. The reck

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Speaker 1: site was found back in nineteen and it was under

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Speaker 1: only twenty five ft of water in less than a

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Speaker 1: mile and a half from Sure So it sounds like

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Speaker 1: under those conditions it might be easy to excavate. That

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Speaker 1: was not the case at all. Bad weather, a little visibility,

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Speaker 1: difficult funding. All of these things have made excavating the

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Speaker 1: site really slow going, and currently archaeologist since that is

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Speaker 1: believed that they have found or cataloged about half of

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Speaker 1: the site, which is enough to finally feel confident in

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Speaker 1: labeling it Blackbeard's famous pirate ship, fortunately in time for

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Speaker 1: a major exhibition of its artifacts. But why did they

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Speaker 1: decide that they were confident calling it the queen ans

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Speaker 1: Revenge after years of saying it's probably the queen ans Revenge. Well,

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Speaker 1: there are a few reasons. First of all, its size,

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Speaker 1: The Queen Anne's Revenge was a big ship, a former

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Speaker 1: French labor called law Concord. Its approximate date was another thing.

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Speaker 1: Archaeologists have found a bell on board labeled seventeen oh five.

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Speaker 1: Another clue was its location. It's right where black beard

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Speaker 1: ship should be, and there weren't other large ships known

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Speaker 1: to have sunk in that area. But maybe most importantly

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Speaker 1: is the weaponry that they found on board. This is

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Speaker 1: a big one. There's an astonishing number of weapons aboard

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Speaker 1: this wreck. And just this October, for instance, divers pulled

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Speaker 1: out the thirteen cannon from the wreck. Of the other

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Speaker 1: twelve cannons that they found so far four have been loaded,

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Speaker 1: so like in the middle of a battle or something

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Speaker 1: ready to go. But according to Wendy Welsh, who is

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Speaker 1: the manager of the Queen Anne's Revenge Conservation Laboratory in Greenville,

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Speaker 1: North Carolina, who spoke with the Smithsonians before the big

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Speaker 1: announcement was made, she said, quote, We're not going to

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Speaker 1: find anything that says Queen Anne's Revenge or black Beard

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Speaker 1: was here. You have to use all these little clues.

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Speaker 1: Although I do like the idea of finding some sort

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Speaker 1: of black Beard was here. It was filled with a

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Speaker 1: z or something exactly. But when the announcement came out,

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Speaker 1: Claire Obell, who is the public relations coordinator for the

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Speaker 1: North Carolina Maritime Museum, really still echoed that sentiment of

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Speaker 1: Wendy Well. She was quoted in National Geographic News saying

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Speaker 1: there was not one moment there was a collection of

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Speaker 1: moments in a deduction based on the evidence. So they've

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Speaker 1: been compiling all this stuff for years and years after

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Speaker 1: repeated dives in lots of study, and finally felt competent

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Speaker 1: to say, yes, this is black Beard ship. It took

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Speaker 1: a long time to analyze that evidence though, after the

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Speaker 1: dives to pull out artifacts. Corroded items like cannons require

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Speaker 1: about five years in a chemical bath to gradually remove

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Speaker 1: their thick marine life crust, which seems like a really

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Speaker 1: long way for me. You just want to figure out

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Speaker 1: what it is. And apparently if you just chip away

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Speaker 1: at it or something, you if it's something like a cannon,

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Speaker 1: maybe it won't break. But if it is maybe glass underneath,

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Speaker 1: you chip away at that marine life crust and you

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Speaker 1: break the glass underneath and you don't have anything anymore.

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Speaker 1: So you have to just gradually eat away at it.

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Speaker 1: And apparently some of these items too, are so thickly

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Speaker 1: covered in this crust you'd have no idea what they

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Speaker 1: are underneath until you until you get down to it.

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Speaker 1: There's one other cool find though, from the now official

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Speaker 1: Queen Anne Revenge wreck, and that is some insight into

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Speaker 1: terroristic pirate tactics and this stuff really kind of shocked me.

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Speaker 1: So while trying to recover a three thousand pound anchor

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Speaker 1: from the ship, archaeologists from North Carolina's Department of Cultural

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Speaker 1: Resources found these three metallic clusters in a small area

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Speaker 1: of the seabed that surrounded the wreck. And the clusters

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Speaker 1: contained residue like nails and glass and lead shot and

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Speaker 1: they're believed to have been fired contained in canvas bags

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Speaker 1: out of cannon, so they would just spray everywhere, kind

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Speaker 1: of like a street sweeper pirate. Addition, and according to

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Speaker 1: Discovery News, the expedition's leader, Mark Wild Ramsing, who's the

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Speaker 1: deputy State Archaeologists, said quote, as with all pirates, Blackbeard

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Speaker 1: did not want to sink merchant ships, but to scare

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Speaker 1: them into giving up shooting bolts and scrap lead, iron,

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Speaker 1: and glass would have been very effective. Indeed, so our

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Speaker 1: next find is a little bit on the lighter side,

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Speaker 1: the more artistic side. The roof Ignat caves in the

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Speaker 1: Dordogna region of France have long been known as a

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Speaker 1: prime site for cave art. As in modern art, there

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Speaker 1: are different ancient art styles and mediums. One type is

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Speaker 1: called finger flutings and it's done by running the fingers

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Speaker 1: over soft clay, so the roof and nac caves are

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Speaker 1: filled with thirteen thousand year old finger flutings. Some are

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Speaker 1: just pretty swirls and lines, and others look like recognizable

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Speaker 1: shapes huts for instance. But the big news in cave

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Speaker 1: art in Tleven is that many of the roofing nat

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Speaker 1: cave systems finger flutings were made by kids. So back

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Speaker 1: in two thousand six, Walden University researcher Leslie van Gelder

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Speaker 1: and her late husband Kevin Sharp, came up with this

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Speaker 1: technique to measure the finger flutings and determine the age

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Speaker 1: and the sex of the artists who made them. And

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Speaker 1: age determination doesn't really work for adults because the measurement

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Speaker 1: is based on hand size, specifically the width of the pointer,

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Speaker 1: middle and ring fingers, and of course that can vary

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Speaker 1: a lot between adults who are all the same age potentially,

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Speaker 1: but for kids it's a lot more standard. I guess

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Speaker 1: kids have more similarly shaped hands, and flutings under thirty

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Speaker 1: four millimeters are believed to have been made by children

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Speaker 1: under the age of seven, and they can even break

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Speaker 1: it down further than that, so these are made by

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Speaker 1: two or three year olds stuff like that, and gender

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Speaker 1: can be determined by the fingertip shape. And most of

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Speaker 1: these just look like lines, but if you google a

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Speaker 1: picture of them or something, you'll see there are clear

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Speaker 1: end points where the fingertips are are visible. This year,

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Speaker 1: Van Gelder and the University of Cambridge archaeologist Jessica Cooney

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Speaker 1: measured many of the case flutings and determined according to

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Speaker 1: history dot com, but kids worked in almost every chamber

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Speaker 1: in the complex, even those quite far from the system's

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Speaker 1: entering about like a forty five minute walk through a cave,

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Speaker 1: so pretty deep in there, and the most prolific artist

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Speaker 1: was likely a five year old girl. One room had

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Speaker 1: so much child made finger painting it was described as

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Speaker 1: a quote playpen. But the cutest thing about this discovery,

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Speaker 1: in my opinion, is that many of the flutings were

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Speaker 1: well over the heads of small children. You know, they

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Speaker 1: were on the roof of the cave, if you could

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Speaker 1: put it that way, which of course suggests that adults

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Speaker 1: lifted the kids to help them do their art, and

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Speaker 1: obviously took a more forgiving stance on drawing on the

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Speaker 1: walls thirteen thousand years ago than they than they might today,

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Speaker 1: we have another interesting art history find for you. Though.

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Speaker 1: While children in France were finger fluting with their adult

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Speaker 1: care givers, an ice age hunter in what is today

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Speaker 1: Florida was carving animal pictures into bone. In two thousand

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Speaker 1: six or two thousand seven, a fossil hunter named James

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Speaker 1: Kennedy picked up a find on Vera Beach. He didn't

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Speaker 1: think much of it and word it under his sink

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Speaker 1: until two thousand nine, when he finally cleaned it off

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Speaker 1: and found an etching of a mammoth. So now, in

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Speaker 1: two thousand eleven, the carving has been authenticated, reported as

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Speaker 1: real in thirteen thousand to twenty thousand years old in

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Speaker 1: the Journal of Archaeological Science. Not that everyone was easily

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Speaker 1: convinced about that, though, no, not at all. According to

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Speaker 1: National Geographic News, the study leader, Barbara Party of the

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Speaker 1: University of Florida, started researching on the assumption that the

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Speaker 1: thing was fake, but tests and analyzes eventually convinced her

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Speaker 1: that it was real, and she even showed a little

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Speaker 1: hesitation even after the paper and everything. She said, quote,

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Speaker 1: you always have some lingering doubt since there's no way

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Speaker 1: to get an actual date on the bone or the

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Speaker 1: actual in sizing. The only way we're going to really,

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Speaker 1: really really prove it's authentic is to do some excavations

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Speaker 1: and see if perhaps there are additional specimens. But barring

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Speaker 1: further investigations, how did research your is come to the

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Speaker 1: conclusion that the finding was not a fraud? Because we

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Speaker 1: have talked about historical hope this year too, and it

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Speaker 1: did um I could easily understand how somebody would think

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Speaker 1: this would be right fraud. Well, first of all, they

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Speaker 1: authenticated the bone. It belonged to a mammoth, masted on

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Speaker 1: or a giant sloth, all of which were extinct in

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Speaker 1: Florida by the end of the last ice Age, so

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Speaker 1: that was one thing. They also determined that the etching

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Speaker 1: had aged at the same rate as the rest of

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Speaker 1: the bone, so it wasn't like it was just scratched

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Speaker 1: out with a metal. We found an old bone and

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Speaker 1: then and then rub some dirt in it or something

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Speaker 1: to make it lookal. The study was done with optical

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Speaker 1: and electron microscope, so they're pretty convinced of at least

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Speaker 1: those two things, and they might really go do some

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Speaker 1: more excavations of the beach to see what else is

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Speaker 1: in this area. We have one more art history ancient

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Speaker 1: art history entry for you on this list, and we

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Speaker 1: have to consider that modern art is really pretty relative.

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Speaker 1: I know there's capital modern art, but um, in a

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Speaker 1: broader sense, it's very relative because compared to this find,

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Speaker 1: the finger flutings or the carvings of thirteen thousand years

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Speaker 1: ago would really be pretty recent stuff. This fall, a

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Speaker 1: study was published in the journal Science, detailing the fines

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Speaker 1: of study leader Christopher Henschelwood, an archaeologist at the University

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Speaker 1: of Bergen in Norway and the University of the woodwaters

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Speaker 1: Rand in South Africa. He and his team found ancient

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Speaker 1: paint residue and one hundred thousand year old abalone shells

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Speaker 1: from Blombous Cave near Still Bay, South Africa. The still

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Speaker 1: bright red pigment contained ochre charcoal, crushed seal bones, court

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Speaker 1: site chips, and some kind of liquid. The Arts Studio

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Speaker 1: like a paint knife. Yeah, maybe something like that. So, yeah,

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Speaker 1: but it's also it also shows an early understanding of chemistry.

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Speaker 1: mixture is a surefire way if you want your your

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Speaker 1: art to remain as vibrant as ever, it does make

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Speaker 1: In January, in the Journal of Archaeological Science, an international

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Speaker 1: research team including Armenian, Us and Irish archaeologists announced that

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Speaker 1: they discovered the world's oldest winery in an Armenian cave.

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Speaker 1: Up until then, the oldest known winery was in Israel

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Speaker 1: and dated back to sixteen fifty b C. And this

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Speaker 1: of last year's unearthed the unearthed in twenty ten entries

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Speaker 1: and that was the world's oldest shoe, which I think

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Speaker 1: that had been a goal her whole live dream. If

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Speaker 1: you haven't heard that episode, go back at us and

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Speaker 1: into it because it's funny. So there must be something

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Speaker 1: about that spot. But wine production artifacts found here include

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Speaker 1: simple Want a simple wine press, fermentation vats with residue

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Speaker 1: And researchers used radio carbon analysis to date all this

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Speaker 1: stuff back to about BC and four thousand BC, so

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Speaker 1: about six thousand years ago. Still, the researchers say that

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Speaker 1: the press and a wide, shallow vat resemble foot stomping

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Speaker 1: equipment used for wine making and the Caucuses and the

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Speaker 1: technology paint. We're talking about things that really last ohile.

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Speaker 1: But we also and we talked about this sum in

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Speaker 1: our Historical Wine and Spirits episode, we have to wonder

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Speaker 1: what was this early wine like like, what would it

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Speaker 1: have tasted like? And analysis of the residue, and of

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Speaker 1: course the remnants that were found lying around indicate that

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Speaker 1: grapes were used to make the wine rather than pomegranates

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Speaker 1: or some other kind of fruit. Gregory Rishian, who is

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Speaker 1: told CNN that the wine that was being made there

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Speaker 1: would be similar to a modern, unfiltered red wine and

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Speaker 1: probably tasted something like a merlot, so not too bad.

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Speaker 1: We don't know too much about the people who were

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Speaker 1: making this wine, but they may have been predecessors to

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Speaker 1: the current access people in early Transcaucasian group. We do

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Speaker 1: know that they weren't drinking just for the sake of drinking, though,

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Speaker 1: they weren't just drinking to get drunk or something. Since

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Speaker 1: the cave winery was found near a cemetery site, researchers

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Speaker 1: think that it was actually used for ceremonial purposes, probably

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Speaker 1: playing apart in funerals. And Dr Patrick McGovern who we

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Speaker 1: mentioned quite a bit in our earlier episodes. He's a

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Speaker 1: senior search scientists at the University of Pennsylvania Museum. He

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Speaker 1: told CNN that the find is quote an important link

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Speaker 1: in the development of wine culture throughout the region, and

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Speaker 1: Arisian wants to try to reconstruct the entire press, the

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Speaker 1: entire process, to see what the wine would have really

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Speaker 1: tasted like and what people would have gone through in

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Speaker 1: making it. So, you know, this year we talked about

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Speaker 1: dog fish heads, recreations of these ancient beers, ancient mead,

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Speaker 1: that sort of thing. Maybe maybe in another year we'll

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Speaker 1: be talking about recreation of ancient wine yes a similar

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Speaker 1: find along these lines. In June, archaeologists revealed that they

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Speaker 1: had found evidence in France's Provence region of the country's

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Speaker 1: oldest known brewing operation, which is probably also one of

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Speaker 1: the oldest in all of Europe. The brewing operation is

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Speaker 1: essentially a home brewery from the Iron Age, which was

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Speaker 1: about two thousand, five hundred years ago, and that was

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Speaker 1: discovered by archaeologist Laurent Boubet from France's National Center for

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Speaker 1: Scientific Research and to his colleagues. The researchers got their

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Speaker 1: findings by analyzing three different sediment samples from the site

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Speaker 1: of a fifth century b c. House in southeastern France

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Speaker 1: that had been excavated in the nineteen nineties. They took

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Speaker 1: these samples from the floor near the hearth of the house,

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Speaker 1: a ceramic vessel, and a pit near some other containers

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Speaker 1: that were there, and all of the samples contained carbonized

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Speaker 1: barley that somebody had sprouted on purpose. And they were

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Speaker 1: able to tell that because the barley seemed like it

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Speaker 1: had been sorted really well. There were no weed seeds

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Speaker 1: that were present, and it didn't seem to the researchers

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Speaker 1: like the present where the sprouting was accidental. They don't

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Speaker 1: know what the spear tasted like, but they think that

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Speaker 1: the brewing process wasn't all that different from modern home brewing.

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Speaker 1: They probably soaked to the grain, spread it out in

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Speaker 1: a flat area like the floor, dried it in the oven,

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Speaker 1: ground it, and then put it in containers for fermentation

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Speaker 1: and storage. Researchers are still trying to determine how this

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Speaker 1: fits into a life in Iron Age Europe. Wine was

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Speaker 1: already popular there at the time, but people of Celtic

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Speaker 1: heritage had settled in this region of France during this

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Speaker 1: time and they liked beer, so it's possible that they

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Speaker 1: could have traded amongst themselves. Makes sense. I actually just

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Speaker 1: started reading a book about the history of food, and

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Speaker 1: this story especially was really interesting to me because it

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Speaker 1: talks about how people might have figured out the fermentation

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Speaker 1: process or the distillation process later things like that, even

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Speaker 1: how people might have figured out that you can boil

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Speaker 1: your food stuff like that. It's it's cool to consider

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Speaker 1: how we got to where we are today. Well, I

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Speaker 1: think talking about food and beer and wine is a

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Speaker 1: great way to kind of finish off this year end

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Speaker 1: episode that we're doing here. Don't you do. It's kind

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Speaker 1: of cheers to two thousand eleven and all the discoveries

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Speaker 1: that were made, and looking forward to much more in

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Speaker 1: two thousand twelve to kind of spur us along in

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Speaker 1: our own research. And with that, we're going to move

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Speaker 1: on to another mega edition of Listener Mail and share

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Speaker 1: a bunch of bunch more emails, letters and postcards and

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Speaker 1: things related to episodes that we've done recently. We want

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Speaker 1: to start off with kind of an example of when

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Speaker 1: we do a podcast on recent history, it's nice because

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Speaker 1: people have experienced it or been a part of it,

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Speaker 1: and they write in to tell us about that, and

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Speaker 1: we really appreciate it. And so I have one here

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Speaker 1: to share with you regarding our polio episode, and it's

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Speaker 1: from Rick and Arizona, and he says, your recent podcast

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Speaker 1: on polio and the development of the polio vaccine as

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Speaker 1: a subject I know well. I was part of the

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Speaker 1: test group for the Salk vaccine. I was in the

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Speaker 1: second grade at the time. We were called the Polio Pioneers.

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Speaker 1: At the time, I had a little understanding of the

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Speaker 1: severity of the problem, but I can recall pictures of

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Speaker 1: hospital wards lined with iron lungs. Seeing that people were

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Speaker 1: in them was frightening to a child. The initial vaccine

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Speaker 1: was a series of seven shots over a period of time.

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Speaker 1: Like most children, I hated needles and the idea of

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Speaker 1: getting seven shots didn't set very well with any of us.

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Speaker 1: Looking back, I was lucky I received the vaccine, not

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Speaker 1: the placebo. Some of my friends had to go back

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Speaker 1: for the real thing when the test was concluded so

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Speaker 1: that they would be properly immunized. Today, we're very lucky

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Speaker 1: the ravages of that horrible disease are behind us. And

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Speaker 1: we did hear from quite a few people who had

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Speaker 1: family members or they remembered as kids the polios are

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Speaker 1: going on. It was one that brought out a lot

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Speaker 1: of personal recollections for sure. Yeah, So thanks Rick, and

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Speaker 1: thanks everyone who shared those stories with us. We also

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Speaker 1: hear from quite a few listeners who used the podcast

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Speaker 1: for educational purposes, and one of our proudest moments i'd

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Speaker 1: say this year was you guys voted for us for

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Speaker 1: the Podcast Awards in the Education category, So we thought

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Speaker 1: it would be fitting to share a few of those um.

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Speaker 1: One is Froom Jenna. She wrote us to say that

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Speaker 1: she had decided to go back and get her doctorate

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Speaker 1: in American history after you're listening to a bunch of

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Speaker 1: podcasts about American history and deciding she wanted to pursue

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Speaker 1: it in a format a little longer than you know,

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Speaker 1: the twenty minute Jim exercise or car ride or whatever.

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Speaker 1: So cuds to you, Jenna, that's pretty awesome. We have

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Speaker 1: a similar one from Kimberly and Arkansas. And she talks

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Speaker 1: about how she used to use the podcast in her

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Speaker 1: English classroom and that kind of helped them When she

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Speaker 1: was a Quizble sponsor. She said, I even encouraged my

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Speaker 1: team to listen to the various stuff podcasts in preparation.

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Speaker 1: Perhaps you were part of the reason we won first

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Speaker 1: place in our district. Then she goes on to say,

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Speaker 1: stuff you missed in history class reawoke a passion for

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Speaker 1: history I had let go when I decided to focus

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Speaker 1: on teaching English. Thanks to you, I tested. I decided

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Speaker 1: to test into History certification. I listened to your podcast

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Speaker 1: as part of my study regimen for the practice exam

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Speaker 1: the exam teachers must take to prove they are qualified

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Speaker 1: to teach a subject. Although I can't give you, guys,

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Speaker 1: all the credit. There were more than a couple of

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Speaker 1: questions I recognized from previous podcasts, and only from previous podcasts.

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Speaker 1: So so she's now pursuing a master's in American History?

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Speaker 1: All right? Where to go? So we also hear from

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Speaker 1: some folks who are still in school, not just about

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Speaker 1: to go out and get their advanced degrees. One example

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Speaker 1: of this is listener Michaela, who is from southern New

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Speaker 1: Hampshire and she's a freshman in high school. And she

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Speaker 1: wrote in to say, many of my friends made fun

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Speaker 1: of me for listening to the podcast, but I never

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Speaker 1: thought too much of it and um. She went on

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Speaker 1: to say that it helped a little bit with one

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Speaker 1: of her English classes, and she wrote, I wanted to

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Speaker 1: thank you for helping me use my resources to create

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Speaker 1: a wonderful piece of writing and showing my friends that

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Speaker 1: my favorite podcast can really help in other classes besides history.

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Speaker 1: So yeah, show your friends, Michaela. Podcasts are are cool.

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Speaker 1: Sometimes people are inspired to start their own podcasts. We

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Speaker 1: have a note here from Marie and she says, back

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Speaker 1: in January, after several long drives, I had heard the

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Speaker 1: idea of more art history topics coming up and This

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Speaker 1: got my brain turning. As a photography student at Utah

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Speaker 1: Valley University, my love of history has bled into a

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Speaker 1: love of art history. I got to thinking, why couldn't

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Speaker 1: we have an art history podcast on campus. Our podcast

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Speaker 1: Arts and Facts officially launched this month and we're finally

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Speaker 1: on iTunes you. We're looking forward to getting more people

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Speaker 1: interested in topics of art and I have stuff you

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Speaker 1: missed in history class to think so. And I think

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Speaker 1: the listeners who have started their own podcast as one

433
00:24:35,720 --> 00:24:38,560
Speaker 1: of my favorite genres of listener mail. We do hear

434
00:24:38,680 --> 00:24:42,840
Speaker 1: from teachers sometimes who get their whole class making podcasts

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00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:46,919
Speaker 1: as a project or an alternative to a research paper,

436
00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:49,120
Speaker 1: and I think that's so cool. And we've even been

437
00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:52,200
Speaker 1: like enough to hear some of the podcast that kids

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00:24:52,280 --> 00:24:55,160
Speaker 1: have have recorded. Very cool. But I wanted to read

439
00:24:55,200 --> 00:24:58,760
Speaker 1: one more education related email. This one is from Jason,

440
00:24:59,160 --> 00:25:01,960
Speaker 1: and he says that my wife and I are homeschooling parents,

441
00:25:02,200 --> 00:25:04,840
Speaker 1: so we are always looking for resources to make our

442
00:25:04,920 --> 00:25:08,439
Speaker 1: seven and eleven year old daughters education fun and interesting.

443
00:25:08,840 --> 00:25:11,439
Speaker 1: We search for and download episodes that are relevant to

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00:25:11,440 --> 00:25:14,080
Speaker 1: what they're studying at the time and just play them

445
00:25:14,080 --> 00:25:15,879
Speaker 1: while the kids are in the car or sitting at

446
00:25:15,880 --> 00:25:19,119
Speaker 1: the table drawing or coloring. Some of their favorite episodes

447
00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:22,160
Speaker 1: are the top historical pets naturally, I mean she doesn't

448
00:25:22,200 --> 00:25:26,959
Speaker 1: like that one, and anything about princesses so well, I

449
00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:30,000
Speaker 1: agree with both of those. The pet one of my

450
00:25:30,080 --> 00:25:35,440
Speaker 1: favorite topics to cover. So yeah, education emails are just

451
00:25:35,720 --> 00:25:37,959
Speaker 1: so neat together. They make I don't know, they make

452
00:25:38,040 --> 00:25:41,160
Speaker 1: me feel good when I when I read them, for sure.

453
00:25:41,560 --> 00:25:44,720
Speaker 1: So we also get postcards from people all over the world,

454
00:25:44,720 --> 00:25:47,000
Speaker 1: which we love. You guys sometimes see them. They end

455
00:25:47,040 --> 00:25:48,920
Speaker 1: up on Facebook. We put them up there so you

456
00:25:49,080 --> 00:25:52,440
Speaker 1: do a little collage of postcards every now and again.

457
00:25:52,440 --> 00:25:54,800
Speaker 1: But we get so many more even than just those,

458
00:25:54,880 --> 00:25:58,120
Speaker 1: and we wanted to share one with you from Shannon

459
00:25:58,359 --> 00:26:01,639
Speaker 1: and she is writing from Germany, the birthplace of the

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00:26:01,680 --> 00:26:04,480
Speaker 1: Brothers Grim. She says, I have recently moved to Germany

461
00:26:04,640 --> 00:26:06,480
Speaker 1: and love listening to the podcast when I take the

462
00:26:06,480 --> 00:26:09,199
Speaker 1: train to explore. One of my favorite podcasts was on

463
00:26:09,240 --> 00:26:11,240
Speaker 1: the Brothers Grim and it inspired me to go on

464
00:26:11,280 --> 00:26:14,560
Speaker 1: their trail even today. Some of the forests and I'm

465
00:26:14,600 --> 00:26:16,879
Speaker 1: sorry I can't totally read her handwriting all here, but

466
00:26:16,960 --> 00:26:18,920
Speaker 1: I think she says something to the effective they're still

467
00:26:19,000 --> 00:26:20,960
Speaker 1: dark and deep, and it's easy to see why the

468
00:26:20,960 --> 00:26:24,440
Speaker 1: original versions of the fairy tales were not sweet bedtime stories.

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00:26:24,840 --> 00:26:28,760
Speaker 1: But she did include for us a little treat. She

470
00:26:29,000 --> 00:26:33,040
Speaker 1: gave us each a little frog prince figurine from what So.

471
00:26:33,160 --> 00:26:34,560
Speaker 1: She said she wanted to give us something from one

472
00:26:34,560 --> 00:26:37,280
Speaker 1: of the nicer tails, So thank you very much, Shannon.

473
00:26:37,359 --> 00:26:41,040
Speaker 1: We're enjoying those. It's an adorable addition to Sarah's little

474
00:26:41,240 --> 00:26:46,600
Speaker 1: king slash prince collection she has. I have a lion

475
00:26:46,840 --> 00:26:48,560
Speaker 1: that I think we just got as some sort of

476
00:26:48,600 --> 00:26:51,720
Speaker 1: discovery gift. I don't know, maybe like a new website

477
00:26:51,760 --> 00:26:55,240
Speaker 1: came out. And then of course the Beaver King. The

478
00:26:55,280 --> 00:27:00,320
Speaker 1: Beaver King one of the better known um bow teas

479
00:27:00,359 --> 00:27:03,320
Speaker 1: from listening Meals this year. But before we sign off,

480
00:27:03,320 --> 00:27:05,600
Speaker 1: we want to leave you with a few more of

481
00:27:05,640 --> 00:27:11,320
Speaker 1: these listen While segments that we've started doing recently, and um,

482
00:27:11,359 --> 00:27:13,080
Speaker 1: I think you guys have had a lot of fun

483
00:27:13,160 --> 00:27:16,920
Speaker 1: writing in and telling us what kinds of cool things

484
00:27:16,920 --> 00:27:19,480
Speaker 1: you do while you're listening to the podcast. One is

485
00:27:19,520 --> 00:27:22,320
Speaker 1: from Jenny and she writes, I am the operator of

486
00:27:22,359 --> 00:27:24,640
Speaker 1: a very small ferry that crosses the william At River

487
00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:28,040
Speaker 1: south of Salem, Oregon. Since I get fewer than fifty

488
00:27:28,080 --> 00:27:29,960
Speaker 1: cars a day this time of year, and it's only

489
00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:32,240
Speaker 1: a three minute trip across the river, I've got plenty

490
00:27:32,240 --> 00:27:34,399
Speaker 1: of time to listen to old episodes of stuff you

491
00:27:34,480 --> 00:27:37,560
Speaker 1: missed in history class. So that's what she's doing while

492
00:27:37,680 --> 00:27:40,280
Speaker 1: she's listening to us. We've got another one from listener

493
00:27:40,400 --> 00:27:44,480
Speaker 1: Joey and Lafayette, Louisiana, and he listens while he makes

494
00:27:44,520 --> 00:27:47,960
Speaker 1: his own Cajun sausages down there in Cajun Country. We

495
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:51,200
Speaker 1: have another one from listener Jimmy, who lives in Brooklyn,

496
00:27:51,200 --> 00:27:53,399
Speaker 1: New York, and he's an artist, and he says he

497
00:27:53,440 --> 00:27:56,080
Speaker 1: listens to our podcast for hours on end. In his studio,

498
00:27:56,440 --> 00:27:59,639
Speaker 1: he makes quilts with images of space on them. And

499
00:27:59,720 --> 00:28:02,320
Speaker 1: his note here that I love is space Nerds love

500
00:28:02,440 --> 00:28:07,399
Speaker 1: history to exclamation point true. We also received an email

501
00:28:07,440 --> 00:28:11,360
Speaker 1: from a listener in Ovlin, Norway. His name is spelled

502
00:28:11,800 --> 00:28:14,840
Speaker 1: k j E t I L, and he wrote to

503
00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:18,600
Speaker 1: say that he listens to episodes while he's working on

504
00:28:18,680 --> 00:28:22,320
Speaker 1: building a theater in Oslo. And he said, inspired by

505
00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:25,119
Speaker 1: listening to history podcasts all day, I made everyone who

506
00:28:25,160 --> 00:28:28,040
Speaker 1: had been involved in creating the theater sign their names

507
00:28:28,119 --> 00:28:31,240
Speaker 1: underneath the stage floor for people to find when they

508
00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:34,000
Speaker 1: change the floor many years from now. A little time

509
00:28:34,080 --> 00:28:37,240
Speaker 1: so cool. We have another one here from Anne and Sacramento,

510
00:28:37,320 --> 00:28:40,000
Speaker 1: and she says, during naptime, I listened to as many

511
00:28:40,040 --> 00:28:42,720
Speaker 1: podcasts as I can before the kids wake up. Your

512
00:28:42,760 --> 00:28:45,840
Speaker 1: podcast is a welcome break from kids voices during the day.

513
00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:48,600
Speaker 1: I thought that one was funny. We also heard from

514
00:28:48,680 --> 00:28:53,600
Speaker 1: some Facebook commenters Twitter followers. It's a really Both are

515
00:28:53,640 --> 00:28:56,720
Speaker 1: really good mediums for people to share these listen wild topics.

516
00:28:57,080 --> 00:29:00,880
Speaker 1: We heard from Facebook commentator Megan who listens while she

517
00:29:01,400 --> 00:29:05,960
Speaker 1: grooms horses and works on flower beds. The folks at

518
00:29:06,040 --> 00:29:08,520
Speaker 1: Bang Bang Pie and Coffee listen while they bake pies,

519
00:29:08,560 --> 00:29:14,560
Speaker 1: of course, of course, and another Facebook commentator, Alice, listens

520
00:29:14,560 --> 00:29:18,080
Speaker 1: while she does taxidermy. She actually explained taxidermy a little

521
00:29:18,120 --> 00:29:20,320
Speaker 1: bit to us since we have talked about it in

522
00:29:20,320 --> 00:29:24,440
Speaker 1: a few episodes. Our understanding of it was somewhat flawed,

523
00:29:24,720 --> 00:29:27,239
Speaker 1: so now we know you guys could maybe find that

524
00:29:27,320 --> 00:29:31,640
Speaker 1: conversation if you're interested. Um. We also heard from Bart

525
00:29:31,720 --> 00:29:36,840
Speaker 1: who listens while pruning and pollinating petunias for branch research.

526
00:29:36,960 --> 00:29:38,520
Speaker 1: This reminded me of a book I read when I

527
00:29:38,560 --> 00:29:43,960
Speaker 1: was a kid called Frankenstein Plants Petunias, I think, um,

528
00:29:44,120 --> 00:29:47,880
Speaker 1: and we heard from another interesting art related one. Yep.

529
00:29:47,920 --> 00:29:50,560
Speaker 1: Heather listens while she works on her Chandler and Price

530
00:29:50,640 --> 00:29:54,280
Speaker 1: antique letter press. And we have a few letter press listeners,

531
00:29:54,360 --> 00:29:58,480
Speaker 1: but our last one to include today. Kathleen from New

532
00:29:58,520 --> 00:30:02,680
Speaker 1: Jersey listens well, volunteering at her local animal shelter. But

533
00:30:02,760 --> 00:30:05,600
Speaker 1: she has a funny comment to share. She says, it's

534
00:30:05,720 --> 00:30:09,120
Speaker 1: quite a contrast thinking about Empress CC and her cult

535
00:30:09,160 --> 00:30:13,720
Speaker 1: of beauty while scooping cat boot. I guess that's our

536
00:30:13,920 --> 00:30:18,720
Speaker 1: our thought to leave you on for eleven. Um, have

537
00:30:18,840 --> 00:30:22,800
Speaker 1: a great new year and we will be back in

538
00:30:23,680 --> 00:30:27,600
Speaker 1: with more history. Yeah, and keep sending us emails and notes.

539
00:30:27,680 --> 00:30:30,040
Speaker 1: It's so easy. You can write us at history podcast

540
00:30:30,120 --> 00:30:32,320
Speaker 1: at how stuff works dot com, or you can look

541
00:30:32,360 --> 00:30:34,440
Speaker 1: us up on Facebook and leave a comment, or you

542
00:30:34,480 --> 00:30:37,120
Speaker 1: can look us up on Twitter at myston History. And

543
00:30:37,280 --> 00:30:40,480
Speaker 1: as always, you can find a lot of articles on

544
00:30:40,560 --> 00:30:48,200
Speaker 1: our home page at www dot how stuff works dot com.

545
00:30:48,320 --> 00:30:50,920
Speaker 1: Be sure to check out our new video podcast, Stuff

546
00:30:50,960 --> 00:30:53,560
Speaker 1: from the Future. Join how Stuff Work staff as we

547
00:30:53,640 --> 00:30:58,200
Speaker 1: explore the most promising and perplexing possibilities of tomorrow. The

548
00:30:58,200 --> 00:31:00,800
Speaker 1: House Stuff Works. iPhone up has a right download it

549
00:31:00,880 --> 00:31:07,080
Speaker 1: today on iTunes, m