WEBVTT - SYSK Selects: How Beer Works 0:00:01.360 --> 0:00:04.000 Hey, folks, this is Chuck and welcome to this week's 0:00:04.640 --> 0:00:08.560 s Y s K Selects edition, How Beer Works. Uh 0:00:09.000 --> 0:00:11.640 not a long intro for this one. It's how Beer Works. 0:00:12.080 --> 0:00:15.600 So that was my pick. Why not rerun this one? Right? Enjoy? 0:00:19.079 --> 0:00:22.520 Welcome to stuff you should know from house stuff Works 0:00:22.560 --> 0:00:32.520 dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast Bottoms Up, etcetera. 0:00:34.080 --> 0:00:38.680 Take off your shirt? Is that what beer equates to 0:00:38.800 --> 0:00:41.640 in your book? Take off your shirt? Uh? Well, I 0:00:41.720 --> 0:00:44.320 take off my shirt when I drink too much beer. You, 0:00:45.200 --> 0:00:48.800 Lucy neal Belt, take off the shirt. Close the blinds. 0:00:49.760 --> 0:00:52.320 Neighbors don't want to see that, I want to point out, No, 0:00:52.440 --> 0:00:57.120 they don't, uh that? Um. Guest producer Maddy today just 0:00:57.280 --> 0:01:00.440 a little seren dip. He is brewing his fur batch 0:01:00.480 --> 0:01:04.479 of beer right now. And he was like, man, it's 0:01:04.520 --> 0:01:06.600 not like just preparing food, he said, is this? You know? 0:01:07.160 --> 0:01:09.759 It's like serious chemistry going on, because I think he's 0:01:09.840 --> 0:01:12.680 he's shooting for the stars here. He's not starting out 0:01:13.080 --> 0:01:15.959 with an easy brew. I think. No. You know, as 0:01:16.000 --> 0:01:19.119 you know Maddie, he's not one to just dive into 0:01:19.160 --> 0:01:22.440 something lightly. He goes full bore. Yeah, so you should 0:01:22.440 --> 0:01:27.200 see how how he got into the zeitgeist something I 0:01:27.240 --> 0:01:30.959 think he's thinks bring a porter? Is that right, Matt Stout? 0:01:31.160 --> 0:01:34.520 But stouts and porters, as we I learned, have been 0:01:35.040 --> 0:01:40.200 very much mixed throughout the years. I believe porters and 0:01:40.240 --> 0:01:43.759 they were named after river porters because that's what they 0:01:43.760 --> 0:01:46.600 like to drink in London, the River Porters, Allen River Reporters, 0:01:46.880 --> 0:01:51.520 dark darker beers. Yeah, yeah, although the kind of take 0:01:51.600 --> 0:01:54.080 what they can get. Yeah, that is one fact about 0:01:54.120 --> 0:01:57.320 a thousand that you're about to hear. So also, I 0:01:57.320 --> 0:02:00.240 want to mention aumis in my friends. Stewart is in 0:02:00.320 --> 0:02:04.240 a band called Superhuman Happiness and one of his bandmates 0:02:04.360 --> 0:02:07.440 is making his first beer right now. It's his first 0:02:07.680 --> 0:02:11.480 and they're calling it Superhuman Happiness. Nice where they out 0:02:11.480 --> 0:02:14.560 in New York, out of Brooklyn support, of course they are. Yeah, 0:02:14.880 --> 0:02:17.280 so Stewart has promised to save a six pack. Great, 0:02:17.360 --> 0:02:20.079 I'm pretty psyched about it. Is there music good? Oh yeah, 0:02:20.120 --> 0:02:23.000 they're really good. He's he's very good. He's in UM. 0:02:23.040 --> 0:02:25.160 He's one of the founding members of Anti Ballis. Have 0:02:25.200 --> 0:02:28.639 you heard of them? No? Do you know that UM 0:02:28.760 --> 0:02:33.079 show faila No, the Failer that was on Broadway. It's 0:02:33.080 --> 0:02:37.480 a musical about Fayla Coutie, the Nigerian afro beat, the 0:02:37.520 --> 0:02:40.400 one that you went to. Yes, yeah, a new about it. Okay, 0:02:40.400 --> 0:02:43.800 that guy he arranged that he's good man. Okay, he 0:02:44.240 --> 0:02:47.519 when we saw him with um uh not buying princip 0:02:47.480 --> 0:02:50.560 Billy the other guy. Yeah, you hate Bonnie principally, I 0:02:50.560 --> 0:02:54.959 don't hate him. What's the other guy? The other guy? 0:02:56.000 --> 0:02:58.880 Oh yeah, Sam Beam, Yeah, he played with him. Cool 0:02:58.919 --> 0:03:01.960 when they came through last those guys too. So do 0:03:02.000 --> 0:03:04.160 you want to talk about beer ever? Yeah? Seriously, we 0:03:04.240 --> 0:03:05.840 got a lot to cover. We shouldn't have wasted that 0:03:06.000 --> 0:03:09.440 minute of your lives. Sorry everyone. So, um, what Stewart 0:03:09.480 --> 0:03:14.360 and Matt are engaged in isn't millennia long tradition of 0:03:14.480 --> 0:03:17.760 brewing beer? Yeah, c o a first, really quickly, you 0:03:17.840 --> 0:03:20.080 must be twenty one to drink alcohol. Oh yeah, and 0:03:20.160 --> 0:03:22.840 don't don't really take off your shirt and drink responsibly. 0:03:23.560 --> 0:03:26.200 So we're certainly not encouraging anyone to go out and 0:03:26.840 --> 0:03:29.919 uh that's underage to get the delicious, delicious beer and 0:03:30.040 --> 0:03:34.040 drink it all right, So as old ass. Since people 0:03:34.040 --> 0:03:37.320 could walk around, it seems like they wanted to start 0:03:37.360 --> 0:03:41.800 brewing beer. Well it's as old as civilization, is what 0:03:41.840 --> 0:03:44.520 they think. So not you know, some they could walk around. 0:03:44.800 --> 0:03:48.360 But since they discovered that moldy bread did funny things. Yeah, 0:03:48.440 --> 0:03:50.840 and they think that it's possible that it was um 0:03:51.280 --> 0:03:53.880 an accident at some piece of bread got wet and 0:03:54.400 --> 0:03:58.720 um inadvertently fermented. Like all the everything was there just right, 0:03:59.000 --> 0:04:01.000 and I guess back then they didn't waste anything, so 0:04:01.080 --> 0:04:04.040 they probably were like, let me drink this nasty thing 0:04:04.360 --> 0:04:06.400 or everything was new and they're like, what does this 0:04:06.440 --> 0:04:10.040 taste like? Well, this dude, to me, they had tried 0:04:10.280 --> 0:04:13.680 um magic mushrooms before and we're like, I will eat 0:04:13.720 --> 0:04:16.400 anything now. You never know what you're going. They were 0:04:16.440 --> 0:04:20.080 still figuring things out. They're in the figuring things out phase. Um. 0:04:20.200 --> 0:04:22.039 So yeah, it's possible it was a piece of bread. 0:04:22.080 --> 0:04:23.919 It could have just been a piece of grain or something. 0:04:24.000 --> 0:04:27.440 Because there's a school of thought that we have bread 0:04:28.080 --> 0:04:31.640 as because we have beer. Yeah. I love that theory. 0:04:31.720 --> 0:04:34.400 Because they figured out that you could bake bread and 0:04:34.680 --> 0:04:38.839 easily mash make a mash out of bread and water 0:04:39.520 --> 0:04:42.080 um to produce beer, and that this was all very 0:04:42.120 --> 0:04:44.440 portable and anybody could kind of keep some bread in 0:04:44.480 --> 0:04:47.520 their homes, so it's possible we have we have bread 0:04:47.560 --> 0:04:50.560 because of beer. I love that theory. Um. But the 0:04:50.920 --> 0:04:53.200 point is is that, yeah, bread, beer is as old 0:04:53.200 --> 0:04:56.479 as civilization because one of the first grains. One of 0:04:56.480 --> 0:04:59.040 the first things we did was domesticate grain, and you 0:04:59.120 --> 0:05:01.640 need grain to make year and we figured it out 0:05:01.680 --> 0:05:06.719 pretty quickly. But the oldest record of brewing is I 0:05:06.720 --> 0:05:10.480 think six thousand years old and sumer Yeah, ancient Sumerians 0:05:10.520 --> 0:05:14.760 have a seal um that was had a hymn on it, 0:05:15.160 --> 0:05:19.160 the hymn to Ninkasi, the goddess of brewing and him. 0:05:19.279 --> 0:05:21.680 Not only was it him, but it was him about 0:05:22.200 --> 0:05:24.880 making beer. It was a recipe for beer. And it 0:05:24.920 --> 0:05:28.440 wasn't like use one chord of but it was it 0:05:28.480 --> 0:05:32.880 was very broad. Um the recipe. Have you read it? 0:05:34.400 --> 0:05:39.800 There's I think dog fish Head Brewery remade it using 0:05:39.839 --> 0:05:42.200 that recipe. Yeah, I've got one of theirs. They remade 0:05:42.200 --> 0:05:45.960 this ancient Chinese thing too. Um. I don't think it's 0:05:45.960 --> 0:05:48.400 the same thing. No, it's very much. It's more in 0:05:48.400 --> 0:05:52.840 the tradition of wine or brandy than beer. Um. But yeah, 0:05:52.839 --> 0:05:55.520 this this one, this hymn to Nankazi is definitely beer 0:05:55.600 --> 0:05:59.200 for sure. Um, and that just kind of kicked everything off, 0:06:00.560 --> 0:06:03.440 just right out of the gate. Yeah, the earliest reports 0:06:03.720 --> 0:06:07.560 where the beer would make you feel exhilarated, wonderful and blissful, 0:06:08.400 --> 0:06:10.760 and so people are like, how do I get my 0:06:10.800 --> 0:06:14.880 hands on this stuff? Yeah, and they figured out very 0:06:14.960 --> 0:06:16.800 quickly how you got your hands on this stuff? Choke. 0:06:16.880 --> 0:06:21.160 Because beer came about at a period of transition to 0:06:21.720 --> 0:06:26.000 um a grarian societies from nomadic hunter gatherer societies to 0:06:26.160 --> 0:06:29.200 graian societies. And there is another school of thought that 0:06:29.240 --> 0:06:33.120 not only do we have um bread beer to thank 0:06:33.160 --> 0:06:39.560 for bread, but civilization itself. That civilization, that beer attracted 0:06:39.920 --> 0:06:44.120 nomadic groups to civilization because that's who had the beer, right, 0:06:44.400 --> 0:06:46.560 That's how you got the beer. You domesticated grain and 0:06:46.600 --> 0:06:48.680 you made it. Yeah, and this hut over here, they're 0:06:48.680 --> 0:06:50.960 really good at making beer. So let's live near them. 0:06:51.520 --> 0:06:56.040 And then in circle that hut, and then that circle 0:06:56.080 --> 0:06:58.760 grows and all of a sudden, everyone's just sitting around 0:06:58.760 --> 0:07:01.440 getting drunk exactly. And then somebody's guests are plus grain, 0:07:01.560 --> 0:07:04.760 so they're in charge, and um, people end up doing 0:07:04.839 --> 0:07:08.719 work and religious groups start up. But that's this is 0:07:08.800 --> 0:07:12.840 kind of Um, immortalized in the epic of Gilgamesh inky Do, 0:07:13.400 --> 0:07:16.960 the wild man who represents the hunter gatherer tribes the nomads. 0:07:17.640 --> 0:07:22.280 Um is given beer because it is the custom of 0:07:22.800 --> 0:07:25.680 the city, yeah, the civilized people. And he drinks like 0:07:25.760 --> 0:07:28.320 eight glasses of it, and while he's drunk, he washes 0:07:28.400 --> 0:07:32.040 himself and became a human being just like that. So 0:07:32.120 --> 0:07:37.360 he moves from the wild into civilization via beer fastward 0:07:37.360 --> 0:07:41.520 a little bit to Babylonia or Babylon. Yeah, and I 0:07:41.560 --> 0:07:45.080 gotta get out of Babylon, man. Yeah, they had They 0:07:45.160 --> 0:07:48.240 had twenty different types of beer, and I believe they 0:07:48.280 --> 0:07:51.240 even invented the can that turns blue when it's cold. 0:07:51.640 --> 0:07:54.480 I'm not mistaken. It was priceless. Is that Babylon? I 0:07:54.520 --> 0:07:58.200 think it was. Okay. Um, there's also a question I 0:07:58.240 --> 0:08:02.000 could not find a definitive answer for. But supposedly the 0:08:02.000 --> 0:08:06.080 Babylonians took brewing so seriously that if you made a 0:08:06.120 --> 0:08:10.000 bad batch or tried to sell a bad batch, your 0:08:10.040 --> 0:08:12.960 punishment was to be drowned in it. Yeah. I wonder 0:08:12.960 --> 0:08:15.200 if that's true. I found it all over the place, 0:08:15.240 --> 0:08:19.880 but it was everybody. Nobody had a good definitive source. 0:08:19.920 --> 0:08:23.680 Sell I present it as a rumor. Early beer Josh 0:08:23.840 --> 0:08:28.280 was unfiltered, cloudy had chunks of junk in it and residue, 0:08:28.360 --> 0:08:30.240 so they would actually drink it through a straw sort 0:08:30.240 --> 0:08:32.600 of as a filter. Um, so they wouldn't get the 0:08:32.600 --> 0:08:36.360 stuff in their mouth. It was really bitter. Um. Hammerabi 0:08:37.040 --> 0:08:39.640 very important lawmaker back in the day. Yeah, why do 0:08:39.760 --> 0:08:41.520 we just talk about him in the eye for an eye? 0:08:41.559 --> 0:08:45.679 Code don't remember it was? Was it Noah's Ark? Maybe 0:08:45.920 --> 0:08:48.400 I don't remember, but yeah, he was the guy who 0:08:48.440 --> 0:08:49.920 came up with the eye for an eye, was like 0:08:49.960 --> 0:08:52.160 one of the earliest set of laws. And a beer 0:08:52.240 --> 0:08:56.360 for a priest, well, it turns out actually five beers 0:08:56.400 --> 0:09:01.280 for a priest. Well five leaders. Yeah, that's right a day. Yeah, 0:09:01.360 --> 0:09:02.640 that was his beer, rah, And that was one of 0:09:02.640 --> 0:09:06.400 the first laws that established Um, a normal worker got 0:09:06.400 --> 0:09:09.760 two leaders, civil servants three, and then administrators and the 0:09:09.840 --> 0:09:12.560 high priest five leaders a day. Now, that is what 0:09:12.640 --> 0:09:17.760 I call a social contract. That's that's worth sticking around for. Um. 0:09:17.800 --> 0:09:22.079 So yeah, Hammurabi's wasted. Um, then we're gonna fast forward 0:09:22.080 --> 0:09:26.240 a little more. The Egyptians keep it going. Um. They 0:09:26.280 --> 0:09:29.439 had their own hieroglyph. They did for brewer. And then 0:09:29.559 --> 0:09:34.000 everything comes very very close to being disrupted, disrupted forever 0:09:34.960 --> 0:09:37.600 um with the arrival of the Greece of the Romans, 0:09:38.120 --> 0:09:45.520 because they drove alvos and listen to NPR, and all 0:09:45.559 --> 0:09:50.240 they cared about was wine. To to the Romans especially uh, 0:09:50.400 --> 0:09:55.440 beer was barbarian drink, Like you only drank beer in 0:09:55.520 --> 0:09:59.839 the most the remotest outposts of the Roman Empire. U 0:10:00.920 --> 0:10:03.880 to make it wine to a certain degree, don't you think? Sure? Yeah, 0:10:04.000 --> 0:10:06.720 I mean wine is very big around Greece, but so 0:10:06.920 --> 0:10:09.800 is Greek beer. No, but I'm talking about period all 0:10:09.840 --> 0:10:12.440 over the world. Like you know, you generally think of 0:10:12.480 --> 0:10:15.160 wine as being high society. And the construction worker kicks 0:10:15.160 --> 0:10:19.240 back with the corpse light. Can't we all just drink both? Yes, 0:10:19.600 --> 0:10:24.320 maybe even mixed together. No, Okay, that's um. But yes, 0:10:24.480 --> 0:10:26.640 I agree with that that point of view. I think 0:10:26.679 --> 0:10:27.920 it does kind of carry on to day and I 0:10:27.960 --> 0:10:30.520 guess that's where it finds its roots. Yea, the snobby 0:10:30.559 --> 0:10:35.880 Greeks interesting in romans Um. Luckily there was a remote 0:10:35.960 --> 0:10:39.040 outpost of the Roman Empire that was like, I don't 0:10:39.040 --> 0:10:41.959 care what you say, man, we're making beer. We're going 0:10:42.000 --> 0:10:46.600 to dedicate our society making beer, of course. And today 0:10:46.600 --> 0:10:49.480 we call those people the Germans. Yes, God bless them 0:10:49.960 --> 0:10:54.560 and their efforts. Back then they were called Twotons. Yeah 0:10:54.679 --> 0:11:00.520 and uh. Tacitus wrote about the ancient Germans and said, 0:11:00.880 --> 0:11:04.120 to drink the Teutons have a horrible brew for a minute, 0:11:04.160 --> 0:11:06.800 from barley or wheat, a brew which has only a 0:11:06.880 --> 0:11:10.640 very far removed similarity to wine. The only thing that 0:11:10.800 --> 0:11:13.560 had in common was that you drink it and it 0:11:13.600 --> 0:11:16.360 messes you up. Yeah, you know, yeah. Aside from that, 0:11:16.400 --> 0:11:18.440 it was couldn't be any more different, right, And the 0:11:18.520 --> 0:11:22.400 Germans have been making uh beer since at least eight 0:11:22.440 --> 0:11:24.800 hundred b C. That's the earliest record we have of 0:11:25.080 --> 0:11:29.360 beer drinking in Germany. UM. And I don't know if 0:11:29.400 --> 0:11:33.680 it it probably spread from the Tutons to the rest 0:11:33.720 --> 0:11:37.120 of northern Europe um. But you see beer pop up 0:11:37.160 --> 0:11:41.720 in very ancient um Northern European texts like the Finnish 0:11:41.840 --> 0:11:46.679 saga the calla Walla, Yeah, CALLI walla. There there are 0:11:46.720 --> 0:11:51.080 four hundred verses dedicated to beer, two verses dedicated to 0:11:51.120 --> 0:11:54.920 the creation of the earth. That's that's that's a society 0:11:54.960 --> 0:11:57.960 that takes it to beer. Seriously. Yeah, and the Nordic Uh, 0:11:58.000 --> 0:12:00.400 I kind of thought it was called the Nordic epic eda. 0:12:01.000 --> 0:12:03.640 Wine was for the gods, beer was for mortals, and 0:12:03.760 --> 0:12:06.360 mead for the inhabitants of the realm of the dead. 0:12:07.240 --> 0:12:10.240 You ever had mead? Uh? No, I never have. It's 0:12:10.240 --> 0:12:12.400 like honey based right for minute honey. Yeah, it's like 0:12:12.440 --> 0:12:15.120 honey water for minute honeywater. It's doesn't sound like good. 0:12:15.440 --> 0:12:19.520 I had some hippie in uh in Virginia, give me 0:12:19.640 --> 0:12:22.160 some mead one time that he had made. You took 0:12:22.200 --> 0:12:25.520 mead from a hippie, stayed with him one night. It 0:12:25.559 --> 0:12:29.400 was one of those deals. Yeah, going through town. Okay, 0:12:29.720 --> 0:12:32.360 Now you just a friend hooked us up for a 0:12:32.400 --> 0:12:36.000 place to stay. Did you have a bindle? Now he did, though, 0:12:36.960 --> 0:12:38.840 and he even had a house. He had homemade mead. 0:12:38.960 --> 0:12:40.880 It was gross, was it? It wasn't very good. I 0:12:40.920 --> 0:12:44.560 didn't care for it. I'm sure it's an acquired taste. Um. 0:12:44.600 --> 0:12:48.400 So yeah, mead kind of falls off here, right yeah, um, 0:12:48.440 --> 0:12:52.000 except for hippies in Virginia exactly. Uh. Wine kind of 0:12:52.040 --> 0:12:54.840 stuck into the Mediterranean, but beer just continued to spread 0:12:54.880 --> 0:12:57.280 and take hold. Yeah, like barley, I mean of course 0:12:57.280 --> 0:12:59.280 wine spread itself as well, and we have it in 0:12:59.280 --> 0:13:01.520 France and californ on you and everything. But but around 0:13:01.520 --> 0:13:06.920 this time it was fairly localized to the Mediterranean area. UM. 0:13:08.040 --> 0:13:12.560 And as as we enter the medieval age, UM, the 0:13:12.640 --> 0:13:17.439 Dark Ages first and then medieval times, UM, the monks, 0:13:17.760 --> 0:13:21.960 Christian monks got really really good at brewing UM. And 0:13:22.000 --> 0:13:23.800 the reason they took it up is because this was 0:13:23.840 --> 0:13:27.480 a place of like science and agriculture and abbey was 0:13:28.280 --> 0:13:32.160 and UM could also support their abbey exactly, which is 0:13:32.720 --> 0:13:35.760 now what Trappist monks are. If you if you drink 0:13:35.800 --> 0:13:38.880 Traffis Dale and it says brewed by Trappis monks. This 0:13:38.960 --> 0:13:42.000 is a tradition that's well over a thousand years old. 0:13:42.080 --> 0:13:45.040 It's pretty cool monks supporting themselves by doing something for 0:13:45.120 --> 0:13:50.760 the community. And some of them threw beer. Another tradition, 0:13:50.920 --> 0:13:56.920 which is rampant sexism, took place when women, uh were 0:13:56.960 --> 0:13:59.320 the ones that brewed beer in the medieval times. And 0:13:59.360 --> 0:14:02.680 not only that, but they said we want only hot 0:14:02.720 --> 0:14:05.400 women brewing our beer. Well, it was so important that 0:14:05.440 --> 0:14:08.240 only beautiful women could brew beer. But can you believe 0:14:08.280 --> 0:14:09.839 that way back then they were like no, no, no, 0:14:10.320 --> 0:14:12.959 I don't want know ugly chicks making my beer. I 0:14:13.000 --> 0:14:17.920 can you believe that's yeah, the earliest form of sexism 0:14:17.960 --> 0:14:20.480 I can think of. I'll bet it goes back further 0:14:20.520 --> 0:14:25.280 than that. Well, but there's a feminist twist it later on. Well, 0:14:25.280 --> 0:14:28.040 because I got really good at making it. Yeah, people 0:14:28.080 --> 0:14:30.880 who were women who were um, you know, well known, 0:14:31.120 --> 0:14:34.800 like as if you were a medieval wife, Um, one 0:14:34.840 --> 0:14:38.040 of the things you did was brew right, um. And 0:14:38.120 --> 0:14:40.880 if you were good at it, eventually your family may 0:14:40.920 --> 0:14:43.640 come to bear the name Brewer or brewce Stir. That's 0:14:43.680 --> 0:14:46.440 where your name comes from, exactly. It means that you 0:14:46.520 --> 0:14:50.880 haven't a female ancestor who landed your family a surname 0:14:51.200 --> 0:14:55.160 through her brewing skills. That is feminism, asked me. It 0:14:55.240 --> 0:14:57.640 might have been the st poly girl herself. Maybe, So 0:14:58.160 --> 0:15:01.960 do you think she's a feminist icon? I don't think so. 0:15:01.960 --> 0:15:04.040 So where are we took? We are in the fifteenth 0:15:04.080 --> 0:15:09.280 century and something pretty cool happened in uh Germany. Um. 0:15:09.320 --> 0:15:11.080 And to me this is the fact of the show. 0:15:11.680 --> 0:15:15.200 Just because I did not know this. The Rheine heitzkbault 0:15:15.520 --> 0:15:20.440 A fifteen sixteen was a beer purity law basically said 0:15:20.440 --> 0:15:22.640 you can only make beer out of four things. Water, 0:15:22.840 --> 0:15:26.000 malted barley, malted wheat, and hops. So that is wrong, 0:15:26.400 --> 0:15:29.280 that's not right. It's three things. I don't know where 0:15:29.280 --> 0:15:33.600 this source got the fourth the four ingredients, but there's water, barley, 0:15:33.600 --> 0:15:35.240 and hops are the only three things you can put 0:15:35.240 --> 0:15:39.640 in beer. Okay, wheat wasn't included, Okay, regardless, that's still 0:15:39.680 --> 0:15:42.640 the fact of the show. The Rheine Heights boat is 0:15:42.680 --> 0:15:46.560 the oldest non religious legal standard of food production and 0:15:46.640 --> 0:15:49.960 the oldest consumer protection law on the planet was beer 0:15:50.040 --> 0:15:53.600 because beer. It's fifteen sixteen. That is crazy, and it's 0:15:53.600 --> 0:15:56.800 still around. It is, it's still enforced today, Like, don't 0:15:56.840 --> 0:15:59.880 try to make a beer in Bavaria using anything but 0:16:00.000 --> 0:16:02.520 at those three ingredients. You make beer in Bavaria with 0:16:02.600 --> 0:16:05.600 corn and rice, you got a one way ticket on 0:16:05.640 --> 0:16:08.640 the bullet train out of town, right, or you'll get 0:16:08.680 --> 0:16:12.200 caned publicly. That's right. Um. And there are a couple 0:16:12.240 --> 0:16:14.720 of reasons why this law was passed. One, people used 0:16:14.760 --> 0:16:18.680 to put crazy, crazy stuff in beer, like um, hallucinogenic 0:16:18.840 --> 0:16:23.720 roots or poisonous roots that could make you do crazy 0:16:23.760 --> 0:16:27.920 stuff like hemlock and things like that. Um, So it 0:16:28.040 --> 0:16:30.080 was for it was a purity law. It was also 0:16:30.120 --> 0:16:32.400 to control prices. If you read the purity law, it's 0:16:32.440 --> 0:16:34.120 like you can't sell a beer for more than this. 0:16:34.920 --> 0:16:37.640 And then thirdly, also is to make sure that um 0:16:37.960 --> 0:16:42.840 important grains like wheat got diverted to important things like food. 0:16:43.520 --> 0:16:45.960 They didn't want people going crazy like using wheat, which 0:16:46.000 --> 0:16:49.400 is why you why that wheat was wrong. It's barley water. 0:16:50.040 --> 0:16:53.000 But wheat beer obviously came along in rye beer later on. Right, 0:16:53.560 --> 0:16:58.640 So let's go to America, Man, Usa, Virginia again. Yeah, 0:16:58.720 --> 0:17:02.600 beer's been around in the US since before the US 0:17:02.720 --> 0:17:04.560 was around. Maybe it was that hippie. Maybe he was 0:17:04.600 --> 0:17:07.080 a descendant of the original brewers a beer in the US. 0:17:07.280 --> 0:17:12.399 Maybe so in fifties seven. By this time, colonists already 0:17:12.400 --> 0:17:17.919 making beer flagrantly ignoring the Ryan Heights Kabbat by using corn. 0:17:18.640 --> 0:17:21.240 They realized very quickly that this makes a terrible beer 0:17:22.280 --> 0:17:25.199 and uh. In sixteen o nine, the first ads appear 0:17:25.320 --> 0:17:28.399 in London newspapers asking for brewers to move to the 0:17:28.440 --> 0:17:31.399 Virginia colony. They needs some beer over there in the 0:17:31.400 --> 0:17:34.840 New World, and uh. In sixwelve, the first brewery set 0:17:34.920 --> 0:17:39.360 up in New Amsterdam by Adrian Block and Hans Christian 0:17:39.400 --> 0:17:44.520 Anderson now Hans Christensen and uh. I thought this was 0:17:44.560 --> 0:17:48.160 interesting too, same place where the first well, it says 0:17:48.160 --> 0:17:51.040 the first non native American, but I guess it's the 0:17:51.080 --> 0:17:54.920 first American because America wasn't there yet. This is new answer. 0:17:55.000 --> 0:17:57.320 That was Dutch colony. So it's the first the first 0:17:57.640 --> 0:18:05.160 non native American born in North America that wasn't who 0:18:05.240 --> 0:18:10.959 wasn't like of an indigenous group, which was gen vision 0:18:11.200 --> 0:18:14.760 vision e viny And he became a brewery. Yeah, he 0:18:14.800 --> 0:18:18.240 was born in the first brewery. Crazy, Yeah, I mean 0:18:18.280 --> 0:18:20.840 he kind of had to become a brewer under those circumstances, 0:18:20.840 --> 0:18:22.960 didn't he Well in America just had to become a 0:18:23.040 --> 0:18:25.400 nation of beer lovers because of this, I think, yeah, 0:18:25.440 --> 0:18:29.000 And boy did we love it so like researching this 0:18:29.359 --> 0:18:33.240 and other researchers I've done, America used to be a 0:18:33.359 --> 0:18:37.280 ten times more in an awesome place. I can't remember 0:18:37.359 --> 0:18:40.560 what what episode it was. It may have been prohibition 0:18:40.760 --> 0:18:43.400 where we were talking about like if you look at 0:18:43.640 --> 0:18:48.280 lists of things served at like colonial funerals or weddings 0:18:48.320 --> 0:18:52.400 or whatever, it'd be like five five kigs of rome, 0:18:52.520 --> 0:18:55.119 and it's fifty kigs of beer and all that, but 0:18:55.119 --> 0:18:58.320 there's only like sixty people there. And then the fact 0:18:58.320 --> 0:19:02.439 that the word cocktail referred to a drink that you 0:19:02.560 --> 0:19:05.560 drink in the morning, and that the old whiskey old 0:19:05.560 --> 0:19:10.600 fashion was the original cocktail. Um. Yeah, we used to 0:19:10.640 --> 0:19:13.119 drink a lot more in this country. So like in 0:19:13.359 --> 0:19:17.800 eighteen what is it, seventy three, Yes, we we hit 0:19:17.840 --> 0:19:21.000 our peak number of breweries four thousand, one d and 0:19:21.040 --> 0:19:26.680 thirty one breweries supplying uh population of just fifty million people. Yeah, 0:19:26.880 --> 0:19:29.920 our peak back then, of course. Yeah, because now there's 0:19:29.960 --> 0:19:33.359 a renaissance, there is craft brewing, and now there are 0:19:33.400 --> 0:19:37.480 more breweries than since the eighteen hundreds. That's awesome. Um. 0:19:37.520 --> 0:19:39.840 I did a little research on craft brewing and in 0:19:39.880 --> 0:19:44.399 the in the nineteen seventies, there were only forty consolidated 0:19:44.400 --> 0:19:47.600 breweries in the US, and experts thought that that number 0:19:47.600 --> 0:19:50.520 would fall to as little as five And it was 0:19:50.600 --> 0:19:57.160 all this homogenous light lagger that Americans grew to love. 0:19:57.200 --> 0:20:00.320 In World War Two, Yeah, because prohibition hit and there's 0:20:00.359 --> 0:20:04.000 like a beer evolutionary bottleneck. You couldn't survive unless you 0:20:04.040 --> 0:20:06.080 were one of the big big ones, right, and you 0:20:06.119 --> 0:20:08.600 had to do you had to make other things, including 0:20:08.680 --> 0:20:11.359 non alcoholic beer. But so you come out and there's 0:20:11.400 --> 0:20:16.200 just a few breweries operating, right, and um. Then World 0:20:16.240 --> 0:20:19.399 War Two hits and that caused the other reason that 0:20:19.480 --> 0:20:22.520 beer became homogeneous in the United States. Men went off 0:20:22.520 --> 0:20:26.800 the war, women became the market for brewers for beer, 0:20:27.160 --> 0:20:31.879 and they um preferred a lighter style beer. So in 0:20:31.920 --> 0:20:36.760 America almost for decades after World War Two, the only 0:20:36.800 --> 0:20:40.280 beer you can find pretty much was that um American 0:20:40.480 --> 0:20:43.520 style pills near Logger. Yeah, it was like this through 0:20:43.520 --> 0:20:48.240 the nineteen seventies. Uh, and then nineteen eighty I'm sorry, 0:20:48.280 --> 0:20:52.920 nineteen seventy six, the first craft brewery, the new I'll 0:20:52.960 --> 0:20:56.360 Be i'll be On Brewery in Sonoma, California, open and 0:20:56.400 --> 0:20:59.080 they were like, we want to start making some good 0:20:59.080 --> 0:21:01.879 old beer again, like some ales and some ambers and 0:21:01.920 --> 0:21:05.320 some stouts. Uh. They were only open about six years, 0:21:05.359 --> 0:21:08.240 but they inspired hundreds of others to take it up, 0:21:08.520 --> 0:21:12.159 and that's generally looked back as the New Renaissance started 0:21:12.160 --> 0:21:16.880 in seventy six. So in nineteen eighty there were eight 0:21:16.960 --> 0:21:20.600 craft breweries, in nineteen ninety four there were five hundred 0:21:20.600 --> 0:21:23.320 and thirty seven, and in two thousand and ten there 0:21:23.320 --> 0:21:27.879 were sixteen hundred's beautiful, and I think over nineteen hundred 0:21:28.119 --> 0:21:31.560 in two thousand eleven, so they went from literally almost 0:21:31.600 --> 0:21:35.600 being extinct like twenty something years ago or thirty years ago, 0:21:36.080 --> 0:21:39.040 to like booming, big time booming. But that's still half 0:21:39.080 --> 0:21:44.600 of that eighteen seventies number nineteen hundred, So yeah, you're right, half, 0:21:44.880 --> 0:21:47.639 but that's the highest level since that time. But consider that. 0:21:47.640 --> 0:21:49.760 Think about how much beers in this country right now. 0:21:49.800 --> 0:21:54.400 You've got nineteen hundred breweries get yet plus supplying three 0:21:54.480 --> 0:21:57.560 hundred million people. Back then we had forty one hundred 0:21:57.600 --> 0:22:01.439 breweries supplying fifty million. Yeah. Crazy, well, and let's not 0:22:01.520 --> 0:22:04.840 kid ourselves. I think the craft brewers are supplying about 0:22:04.920 --> 0:22:10.880 four by volume and about six percent by by dollars. 0:22:11.480 --> 0:22:14.840 And the three, you know, Miller, Anheuser, Bush, and Course 0:22:15.320 --> 0:22:18.200 are the three big daddies. I prefer to fool myself 0:22:18.240 --> 0:22:21.920 in this circumstance. But you are right. I mean, there's 0:22:21.960 --> 0:22:25.800 a renaissance going on. Um, so let's talk about what 0:22:25.840 --> 0:22:27.720 these people are doing during this renaissance. You want to 0:22:27.720 --> 0:22:29.960 talk about how beer is made? Yeah, and I've never 0:22:30.040 --> 0:22:33.560 done it, surprisingly, I never have either, but I'm going 0:22:33.600 --> 0:22:36.840 to oh yeah, yeah, we'll bring me somewhere. This has 0:22:36.840 --> 0:22:39.600 inspired me. I just need to collect friends who brew 0:22:39.600 --> 0:22:41.040 their own beer so I don't have to do it 0:22:41.040 --> 0:22:45.000 any exactly. Uh. Barley, water, hops, and east are the 0:22:45.000 --> 0:22:47.960 basic four ingredients and the UM I like how you 0:22:47.960 --> 0:22:50.679 put this The whole idea just to extract sugars from 0:22:50.720 --> 0:22:54.040 the grains. Usually barley yeast eats it up and it 0:22:54.040 --> 0:22:58.280 poops out alcohol and CEO two and that's beer. It's 0:22:58.400 --> 0:23:01.480 that simple. And you've just described two steps. There's two 0:23:01.480 --> 0:23:07.199 big categories of this process. There's brewing and then there's fermenting. 0:23:07.680 --> 0:23:10.159 And the brewing part is pretty simple. It's taking um 0:23:10.440 --> 0:23:14.080 malted barley or malted grain, which is like dried and 0:23:14.160 --> 0:23:17.919 cracked and um heated so that the sugars start to 0:23:17.920 --> 0:23:21.040 come out a little more. Um. I guess caramelized is 0:23:21.080 --> 0:23:23.400 another way to put it. And then you take that 0:23:23.560 --> 0:23:27.639 and you steep it in a basically a T and 0:23:27.680 --> 0:23:30.399 the t that you've just made is called worked and 0:23:30.400 --> 0:23:34.359 that's called mashing. Right, Yeah, so mashing, yes, taking them 0:23:34.760 --> 0:23:38.160 taking the malted grain and steeping it, that's mashing's right. 0:23:38.160 --> 0:23:42.920 But it produces a sticky, um sweet substance pre beer 0:23:43.080 --> 0:23:47.400 as it were called word imagined wort in Germany. Probably 0:23:48.080 --> 0:23:51.080 uh and you uh, you take that word and your 0:23:51.119 --> 0:23:53.480 brewing process is done. When you put it in a 0:23:53.560 --> 0:23:57.960