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Speaker 1: Welcome to New World Podcast on the iHeart Podcast Network.

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Speaker 1: When I think about John Adams and John Quincy Adams,

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Speaker 1: one of the most amazing families in the founding period

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Speaker 1: of America, and I think about all that they saw,

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Speaker 1: the dream they had for America, the fact that they

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Speaker 1: both dedicated their lives, as did John's wife Abigail, who's

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Speaker 1: probably the most famous woman in the period of the

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Speaker 1: family of the country. And Martha Wishton, of course was

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Speaker 1: extraordinary famous because she was George's wife. But Abigail Adams

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Speaker 1: was a real intellectual. She was really involved, She had

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Speaker 1: strong feelings and strong thoughts, and she raised John Quincy Adams.

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Speaker 1: In fact, it's amazing that he and she he was

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Speaker 1: eleven years old and he was in Boston at the

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Speaker 1: key moment at the Battle of Bunker Hill. So you

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Speaker 1: have this sort of amazing family. But I thought to myself,

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Speaker 1: as we were talking about John Quincy Adams and his

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Speaker 1: really remarkable career, probably we would not have gotten may

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Speaker 1: not have gotten the Smithsonian Institution approved James Smithson had

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Speaker 1: left five hundred thousand dollars to the US to create

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Speaker 1: a national museum. But at a time there was a

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Speaker 1: lot of political pressure. First of all, he was British. Second,

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Speaker 1: there were a large number of populist members who thought,

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Speaker 1: why do we want to tackle a museum? And once

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Speaker 1: we accept this money, how much more is it going

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Speaker 1: to cost us to maintain it. It was a pretty

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Speaker 1: controversial moment, and John Quincy Adams the only president to

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Speaker 1: go back and serve in the House after he lost

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Speaker 1: his re election campaign. Adams stood up and gradually, carefully

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Speaker 1: negotiated and got the Smithsonian approved. It's one of his

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Speaker 1: many contributions. I thought to myself, both Adams understood an

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Speaker 1: immense amount about legislative bodies. They had both served. In

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Speaker 1: the case of John Quincy Adams, he served forty years

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Speaker 1: in the House. It's really quite a remarkable experience. In

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Speaker 1: the case of his father, he was in the Continental Congress.

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Speaker 1: He was of course vice president under Washington, then he

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Speaker 1: was president, so he understood the process what they were

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Speaker 1: trying to do. I think both of them would be

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Speaker 1: appalled at how the Senate has collapsed as an institution.

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Speaker 1: I mean, there's no other way to describe it. We're

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Speaker 1: caught up in a moment in time when you have

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Speaker 1: people in the Senate who would rather hurt you than

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Speaker 1: share profit. So if he said to them, if we

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Speaker 1: work together, we can get something done, their first reaction

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Speaker 1: is no, I don't want to get anything done if

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Speaker 1: you're going to be part of it. And the result

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Speaker 1: is the Senate. I think I'm not going here. A

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Speaker 1: comment that I saw Senator Ron Johnson, who is one

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Speaker 1: of the most thoughtful, committed members of the Senate from Wisconsin,

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Speaker 1: and Ron who had been a very successful businessman who

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Speaker 1: ran because he truly was worried about the country. Ron said,

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Speaker 1: the Senate is now a broken institution. And I think

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Speaker 1: that's an important idea that the Senate, because of the

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Speaker 1: way it's wrapped itself up in its rules, can't get

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Speaker 1: anything done. Now. The American system was not designed to

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Speaker 1: get nothing done. The American system actually was written by

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Speaker 1: very practical, competent people, all of whom had played major

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Speaker 1: roles in business, in war, in legislation, all of whom

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Speaker 1: had helped write state constitutions before they wrote the national Constitution,

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Speaker 1: and all of whom understood that you had this delicate balance.

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Speaker 1: Government had to be effective enough to protect the United

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Speaker 1: States from Great Britain and France and Spain and other

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Speaker 1: countries the way too, had to take us apart. But

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Speaker 1: at the same time, you had to protect the American

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Speaker 1: people from their own government. You couldn't have a government

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Speaker 1: so strong that it could become a dictatorship. And so

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Speaker 1: two hundred and fifty years ago they came up with

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Speaker 1: this amazing document, the Constitution. They set out to create

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Speaker 1: a better future, and to do it in a way

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Speaker 1: that it could go on for generations, not just once,

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Speaker 1: but again and again. And of course we survived a

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Speaker 1: Civil War with the Constitution intact, with Congress playing a

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Speaker 1: much bigger role than most people realized. We survived World

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Speaker 1: War One, World War II, the Cold War, And I

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Speaker 1: don't remember any period except just before the Civil War,

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Speaker 1: where the Senate was as dysfunctional, as incapable of acting,

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Speaker 1: and as incapable of getting things done as it is

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Speaker 1: right now. And I think, frankly, the members of the

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Speaker 1: Senate and maybe the average American need to go back

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Speaker 1: and learn from John Adams, and learn from John Quincy Adams,

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Speaker 1: and then learn from Jefferson Franklin, Washington Madison. The people

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Speaker 1: who really didn't know how to create self government, the

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Speaker 1: people who really didn't believe that this was an extraordinary

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Speaker 1: breakthrough in everyday people having rights to come from God

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Speaker 1: and the people who believed that you had to develop

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Speaker 1: a government capable of solving problems while preserving freedom, and

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Speaker 1: that that had to be a government capable of being effective.

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Speaker 1: I think if the Senate were to take a month

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Speaker 1: and go hiding, remember fifty five days in Philadelphia led

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Speaker 1: to the Constitution, Maybe the Senate needs to go hide,

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Speaker 1: be honest, kick out the staff, kick out the news media,

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Speaker 1: kickout the lobbyist, and talk through what would an effective

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Speaker 1: functioning senator be? And therefore, how do we have to

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Speaker 1: change the rules so we can actually do our share

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Speaker 1: of governing the greatest freest country in the world. Something

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Speaker 1: has to give. We cannot continue with the level of

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Speaker 1: dysfunction that we're currently seeing. Coming up, I'm going to

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Speaker 1: talk with Bob Crawford of The Avid Brothers. He's going

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Speaker 1: to tell us how a Grammy nominated bassist came to

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Speaker 1: write a book about John Quincy Adams. I'm pleased to

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Speaker 1: welcome my guest, Bob Crawford. He is best known as

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Speaker 1: the Grammy nominated basist of the folk rock band The

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Speaker 1: Avid Brothers, the creator of the iHeart Curiosity the podcast

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Speaker 1: series Founding Son John Quincy's America, and he's joining me

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Speaker 1: to discuss his new book, America's Founding Son, John Quincy

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Speaker 1: Adams from President to political Maverick. Bob, Welcome and thank

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Speaker 1: you for joining me on news World.

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Speaker 2: It's pleasure to be here with you. Thank you.

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Speaker 1: You've really had quite a career. You're not exactly I

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Speaker 1: say this as a historian. You're not exactly a typical historian.

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Speaker 3: Neither are you.

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Speaker 1: That's true. I have none of your musical talents. You've

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Speaker 1: spent time studying history on the road. How did that

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Speaker 1: lifestyle shape the way you see American history?

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Speaker 2: I think when you're on the road, you are out there,

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Speaker 2: and you are I interviewed Bob Weir a few years

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Speaker 2: ago before he just recently passed away from the Grateful Dead,

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Speaker 2: but he was talking about how you take the pulse

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Speaker 2: of wherever you are just by traveling. You probably know this.

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Speaker 2: Just by traveling and going in to coffee shops or

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Speaker 2: bookstores or just kind of sitting on a bench, you

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Speaker 2: kind of get a pulse for what's going on in

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Speaker 2: the town and the history of the town. You know,

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Speaker 2: what's happened there, we were in a town. God, I

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Speaker 2: wish I could remember the name, but it is a

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Speaker 2: border town between Arkansas and Texas, and we played a

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Speaker 2: venue there. Outside it was like one hundred million degrees

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Speaker 2: out last summer, and I walked around the town and

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Speaker 2: there's a plaque in the center of the town town

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Speaker 2: square talking about a gunfight that happened. You know, there's

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Speaker 2: like a map of the town square and like little

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Speaker 2: stars where each of these events that led to this

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Speaker 2: crazy gunfight. And so when you travel around, you have

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Speaker 2: the opportunity to take in the history of where you

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Speaker 2: are and at the same time get a sense for

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Speaker 2: what people are feeling.

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Speaker 3: You know, in that moment, you.

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Speaker 1: Apparently found history on the road interesting enough that in

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Speaker 1: twenty twenty you actually are in a master's degree in

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Speaker 1: history from Arizona State. Was it different studying history having

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Speaker 1: been out there learning it?

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Speaker 2: Yeah, Because I've been doing this history podcast since twenty

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Speaker 2: sixteen called The Road to Now, and my co host

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Speaker 2: is a historian. He got his PhD in Russian history.

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Speaker 2: He was a Fulbright scholar over in Russia for a time,

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Speaker 2: and we would debate the academy, right, we would have

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Speaker 2: all these great historians that write these great academic history

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Speaker 2: books on our podcast, and I would say to Ben,

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Speaker 2: my co host, it's like they're just talking to the academy.

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Speaker 2: They write these papers. They spend a decade to write

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Speaker 2: a great paper that we should all be reading. But

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Speaker 2: it's so dense and it's in such a format that

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Speaker 2: the only people who are reading it are already in

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Speaker 2: the academy. And the people who need to be reading

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Speaker 2: it their work that they put so much time into

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Speaker 2: and it is so valuable, is the American public. And

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Speaker 2: so when I went into the academy, when I studied

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Speaker 2: like the science of doing history, it was a way

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Speaker 2: of becoming sensitive to that. It allowed me to understand

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Speaker 2: why that is right? Why do historians typically write the

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Speaker 2: way they do? And you only understand that by going

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Speaker 2: through the paces and being trained as a historian.

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Speaker 1: When you think about it, on the musical side, you

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Speaker 1: had to be a popularizer to be successful. People had

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Speaker 1: to have an ability to access your music to what

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Speaker 1: extent has that understanding of the audience shaped how you communicate.

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Speaker 3: History, right? You got to take it to the people.

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Speaker 2: Like when we started our band, there was three of

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Speaker 2: us in a van upright, based banjo, guitar, vocals, and

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Speaker 2: we got in that van and we just would go

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Speaker 2: play for people. Sports, bar, wine, bar, street corner didn't matter.

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Speaker 2: Punk club, punk rock club. And that's the way I

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Speaker 2: look at history. That was the whole point of the

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Speaker 2: road to now is taking our love for history and

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Speaker 2: giving it to the people. And that's the point of

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Speaker 2: this book I wrote. I tried to write it in

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Speaker 2: a way while I pitched it newt as a beach

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Speaker 2: read to a publisher, I said, this is a history

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Speaker 2: beach read. It's not a seven hundred and fifty page

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Speaker 2: historical cradle to grave. No, this is a story of

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Speaker 2: something that happened in history John Quincy Adams from eighteen

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Speaker 2: twenty to eighteen forty eight. And I'm going to do

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Speaker 2: it in three hundred and fifty pages or less. And

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Speaker 2: that is a way, And I think the language I

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Speaker 2: used to write it is a way of bringing people in,

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Speaker 2: bringing people into the story. You get to tell the

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Speaker 2: story in a way that people are going to understand

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Speaker 2: and be entertained.

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Speaker 1: You said the quote history is driven by people, and

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Speaker 1: people haven't changed since seventeen seventy six. What do you

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Speaker 1: mean by that?

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Speaker 2: Like here, You and I are thousands of miles away

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Speaker 2: from each other, and it's like we're in the same room.

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Speaker 2: So technology has advanced in ways that we can't quantify.

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Speaker 2: But the human heart, a person's ability to do irreparable

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Speaker 2: harm to another person, or their ability to be redeeming

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Speaker 2: and do good for another person like that aspect of

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Speaker 2: humanity has not changed one little bit. The people that

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Speaker 2: were in Congress and lived in eighteen twenties, eighteen thirties,

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Speaker 2: eighteen forties are exact same people who are in Congress

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Speaker 2: in twenty twenty six.

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Speaker 3: History doesn't repeat, Like people.

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Speaker 2: Say, those who don't learn from the past are doomed

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Speaker 2: to repeat it. Maybe people say history repeats. Yeah, in

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Speaker 2: some ways. Mark Twain is attributed with saying history doesn't repeat.

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Speaker 2: It rhymes, sure, but why because people, it's not a

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Speaker 2: history thing. It's not like the same things happen over

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Speaker 2: and over again. Things are always a little different, you

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Speaker 2: know that. But the people who are making the decisions

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Speaker 2: and who are doing the things or reacting to the

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Speaker 2: things are virtually the same as far as their heart

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Speaker 2: and their souls as the people that have come before.

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Speaker 1: You chose somebody who I think is one of the

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Speaker 1: most amazingly complex and unique people in American political history.

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Speaker 1: And John Quincy Adams, why did you pick the son

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Speaker 1: and not the father.

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Speaker 2: We try to measure our historical figures by the greatness

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Speaker 2: of the highest achievement they obtain, and so like he

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Speaker 2: was president, so therefore we should judge him on his

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Speaker 2: presidency right. Wrong. What makes John Quincy Adams, I think

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Speaker 2: every bit is fascinating as his father and every bit

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Speaker 2: as worthy of study and research, is that he is

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Speaker 2: our greatest public servant. He's our greatest public servant. He

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Speaker 2: lived a life in three acts. He was an incredible diplomat.

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Speaker 2: He was America's first real diplomat, maybe the greatest secretary

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Speaker 2: of State in the history of the United States. He

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Speaker 2: has a failed one term presidency. He comes into office

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Speaker 2: amid a great cloud of controversy. He leaves his office

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Speaker 2: feeling rejected by the American people. But then he has

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Speaker 2: this third act. He goes into Congress like no other

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Speaker 2: president did before or since. I know there's an asterisk

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Speaker 2: for Andrew Johnson for going back in the center for

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Speaker 2: a few months before he passed away. Adams is in

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Speaker 2: Congress for seventeen years and it's in Congress, bringing the

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Speaker 2: wealth of experience of a being Adams's son, being an

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Speaker 2: eyewitness to the Battle of Bunker Hill, being in Paris

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Speaker 2: with his father during the Revolution, being a diplomat appointed

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Speaker 2: first by George Washington, negotiating the Treaty of again, negotiating

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Speaker 2: the treaty that brings Florida into the Union, being a president.

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Speaker 2: He brings all of that into Congress, all that experience

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Speaker 2: and wisdom. And what does he do in Congress. He

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Speaker 2: defies his party, he defies the pro slavery Southerners in Congress,

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Speaker 2: and he becomes a defender of freedom of speech. That's

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Speaker 2: not the whole story, Newt. I could go on from there,

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Speaker 2: but that is why he is worthy of this book

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Speaker 2: and many others.

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Speaker 1: From my perspective, it is John Quincy Adams who actually

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Speaker 1: paves the way for Congress to accept the grant from

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Speaker 1: James Smithson.

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Speaker 2: He does, and I didn't even cover that in the

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Speaker 2: book because I was trying to be very focused on

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Speaker 2: Adams and the slavery issue. That's a great example of

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Speaker 2: something that I don't even talk about in this book.

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Speaker 2: You can't fit it all, you can't fit it all

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Speaker 2: in that.

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Speaker 1: Context, didn't He also end up playing a significant role

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Speaker 1: in the trial involving the slaves who had rebelled and

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Speaker 1: taken over a ship.

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Speaker 2: Absolutely so. In eighteen thirty nine, the anti slavery movement

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Speaker 2: is at a low point. There is a financial crisis.

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Speaker 2: The nation's been hit with several recessions, maybe even depressions.

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Speaker 2: Between eighteen thirty six and eighteen thirty nine, the anti

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Speaker 2: slavery movement was being funded, almost solely funded by these

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Speaker 2: two brothers, these two mercertalists from New York, the Tappan brothers,

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Speaker 2: Arthur and Lewis. We could think of them as the

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Speaker 2: Koch brothers today, or George Soros, however you want to

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Speaker 2: do it. But the economy crashes, the movement runs out

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Speaker 2: of money. The movement is also splintered and fighting against itself.

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Speaker 2: And here there's a slave ship is mute need really

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Speaker 2: out off of the.

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Speaker 3: Coast of Cuba.

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Speaker 2: It drifts and we can go into as much detail

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Speaker 2: or as little detail as you want for this, but

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Speaker 2: ultimately it makes its way off the coast of Long Island.

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Speaker 2: It is seen and boarded by an American Navy crew

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Speaker 2: or a Coastguard cutter. If you will, and they find

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Speaker 2: that these captives from what is today Sierra Leone, these

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Speaker 2: enslaved people mutinied and took.

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Speaker 3: Over the ship.

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Speaker 2: And so they are brought on the shore of the

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Speaker 2: United States. And there is a debate like who owns

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Speaker 2: the ship?

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Speaker 3: Is it Spain?

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Speaker 2: Is it the enslavers, is it the guy Lieutenant Thomas

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Speaker 2: Gedney who found and boarded the ship, who has salvage rights?

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Speaker 2: What do we do with the captives, and what do

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Speaker 2: we do with the property with the booty?

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Speaker 3: If you will?

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Speaker 2: This becomes like Trial of the century. Reporters love this story.

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Speaker 2: The American people are eating it up. Figure drawers are

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Speaker 2: on board drawing pictures of these captured men and making

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Speaker 2: them out to be like Greek warriors. And so this

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Speaker 2: is a trial that captures the nation's attention. It works

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Speaker 2: its way all the way up to the Supreme Court,

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Speaker 2: and the anti slavery the Abolitionist Society says, man, we

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Speaker 2: need to bring in a big gun. We need a

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Speaker 2: ringer to try this case before the Supreme Court to

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Speaker 2: defend these men. And they approach Adams, and Adams accepts,

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Speaker 2: and Adams wins the trial. He wins the trial, and

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Speaker 2: he wins these men's freedom, and he argues points of

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Speaker 2: due process for them, and he also during his closing argument,

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Speaker 2: and it's an eight hour closing argument spread across two

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Speaker 2: sessions of the Supreme Court, and in its closing argument,

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Speaker 2: he points to a copy of the Declaration of Independence

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Speaker 2: on a pillar in the courtroom, which I guess is

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Speaker 2: the old Senate back then, and he says, if this

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Speaker 2: document is true, these men are free. And he wins.

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Speaker 2: He wins the case, and he wins their freedom. And

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Speaker 2: let me tell you what I think like looking at

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Speaker 2: the scope of his life. When he loses reelection in

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Speaker 2: eighteen twenty eight to Andrew Jackson, he feels again rejected

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Speaker 2: by the American people who he served his whole life.

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Speaker 3: Up to that.

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Speaker 2: Point he'd served the American people. He felt he was

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Speaker 2: personally rejected by them. And then a couple months later,

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Speaker 2: his oldest son commits suicide. When he wins ten years later,

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Speaker 2: whatever it is, when he wins that case before the

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Speaker 2: Supreme Court, I feel like that is his redemption.

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Speaker 3: That is his moment where not.

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Speaker 2: Only he's redeemed personally inside of his soul, but the

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Speaker 2: American people begin to look at him as a folk

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Speaker 2: hero in the North, of course, and that's when he

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Speaker 2: makes a victory lap.

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Speaker 1: After that, do you argue that Adams had almost prophetic

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Speaker 1: precision about where the country was heading? From your perspective,

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Speaker 1: what did he get right about America's future?

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Speaker 3: Well, I mean terrifyingly so. Right.

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Speaker 2: So, in eighteen twenty, while the nation is debating what

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Speaker 2: will be the Missouri Compromise, So Newt you're really aware

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Speaker 2: of this, but for your listeners, from the time of

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Speaker 2: the Constitution is ratified in seventeen eighty nine, until the

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Speaker 2: debate over Missouri's territorial status coming into statehood, the issue

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Speaker 2: of slavery as a national issue had kind of been

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Speaker 2: on the back burner. The three pace compromise is like

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Speaker 2: a band aid and it kind of covers the issue up.

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Speaker 2: But when Missouri's on the verge of becoming a state,

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Speaker 2: it's kind of assumed it's going to be a slave state.

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Speaker 2: But there's this congressman from New York, a one term

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Speaker 2: congressman from New York named James Talmudge, and he puts

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Speaker 2: these amendments on the Missouri statehood bill in the House,

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Speaker 2: essentially saying, yeah, Missouri can come in as a state,

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Speaker 2: but everybody that lives there is going to need to

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Speaker 2: free all their slaves. And that bill passes, and then

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Speaker 2: Congress adjourns for a year, and the debate moves to

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Speaker 2: the nation, to town halls, to state legislatures, to newspapers

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Speaker 2: north and south. The old wound of slavery is opened up.

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Speaker 2: And so Adams is watching as this debate's playing out,

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Speaker 2: and it's getting bitter. So he confesses to his diary.

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Speaker 2: He says, the only way that slavery is going to

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Speaker 2: end in this country is going to be through a

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Speaker 2: civil servile war. He writes that many different times in

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Speaker 2: this time period in his diary, and it is just

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Speaker 2: when you look at what happens forty years later, you

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Speaker 2: can only say that he was prophetic. And I think

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Speaker 2: he had such a good understanding of human nature. I

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Speaker 2: think he understood human nature because he was an expert

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Speaker 2: in the classical literature and Greek philosophy and Roman literature

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Speaker 2: and poetry, and he was just so intellectually a student.

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Speaker 2: He knew the Bible better than anybody else. I mean,

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Speaker 2: I think he translated the Psalms at one point. But

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Speaker 2: I think it's his understanding of government and of human

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Speaker 2: nature that allowed him to see the future.

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Speaker 1: When we come back, we're going to discuss how Adams

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Speaker 1: became president and his one term presidency, and pursue this

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Speaker 1: whole notion of his kind of remarkable insights into America.

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Speaker 1: John Quincy Adams served his country for sixty years as diplomat,

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Speaker 1: Secretary of State, President, and then as a congressman, fighting

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Speaker 1: slavery on the House floor into his eighties. He was

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Speaker 1: born a British subject, watched the Battle of Bunker Hill

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Speaker 1: with his mother, and served in Congress alongside Abraham Lincoln.

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Speaker 1: Bob Crawford's book captures that extraordinary story, But something is

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Speaker 1: missing a permanent place in the National Mall to honor

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Speaker 1: John Quincy, his father, John Adams, Abigail Adams, and their family.

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Speaker 1: The Adams Memorial Foundation is working to change that. We

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Speaker 1: can't do it without you. Please make a gift today

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Speaker 1: at the Adams Memorial dot org. Every dollar helps us

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Speaker 1: honor a founding family and inspire our nation. Some legacies

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Speaker 1: are too important to forget. How different were elections back

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Speaker 1: then in terms of campaigning, messaging, voter engagement compared to today?

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Speaker 2: Well, there was no contract with America back then, you

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Speaker 2: didn't campaign. Let's take eighteen twenty four as an example.

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Speaker 2: It was respectful that you stayed in your own corner

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Speaker 2: and you let your people do the arguing for you. Right,

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Speaker 2: you had newspapers. We talk about fair and balance. Then

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Speaker 2: we talk about polarized media everybody, And in the eighteen twenties, thirties, forties, fifties,

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Speaker 2: it was all polarized media. It was all biased. If

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Speaker 2: you were a candidate, your party or friends of yours

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Speaker 2: had newspapers whose job it was to promote why you

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Speaker 2: should be president or congressman or senator and why the

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Speaker 2: other guys should not. And this is where it starts

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Speaker 2: to get dirty. Eighteen twenty four, eighteen twenty eight. So

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Speaker 2: you didn't so much campaign for the presidency, but you

392
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Speaker 2: stood for the presidency. And in Adam's case, he was

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Speaker 2: Monroe's secretary of state, and that position of secretary of

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Speaker 2: state in this time in American history, was the position

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Speaker 2: from which you were most likely to ascend to the presidency.

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Speaker 1: I've always been fascinated by this because of the way

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Speaker 1: it worked out. So walk us through just from Nard.

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Speaker 1: You have a remarkable election with a very strange outcome.

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Speaker 2: I think it is the oddest, most remarkable election in

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Speaker 2: our history. And there's a couple others, probably in the

401
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Speaker 2: eighteen seventies and eighties we could talk about as well.

402
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Speaker 2: But eighteen twenty four, Monroe is finishing up his second

403
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Speaker 2: term as president, and his presidency is defined by this

404
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Speaker 2: phrase the era of good feelings. The old two party

405
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Speaker 2: system was gone.

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Speaker 3: The Federalist Party was no more.

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Speaker 2: There was only the Democratic Republicans, and that was the

408
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Speaker 2: party of Monroe, and it became the party of John

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Speaker 2: Quincy Adams. And so when the election of eighteen twenty

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Speaker 2: four comes up, who's going to run for president? Well,

411
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Speaker 2: most of Monroe's cabinet is who's going to run for president?

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Speaker 2: They're going to run against you. So of course John

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Speaker 2: Quincy Adams, he was the Secretary of State. He was

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Speaker 2: probably the establishment, probably the most favored candidate. If you

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Speaker 2: were looking a couple of years out, then you had

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Speaker 2: William Crawford, who was the Secretary of the Treasury. He

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Speaker 2: viewed himself as part of the old Jeffersonian line, used

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Speaker 2: the spoils of his office to gain political power. The

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Speaker 2: treasurer secretary had a lot of patronage to give out,

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Speaker 2: and Crawford used.

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Speaker 3: That to his benefit.

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Speaker 2: And I write in the book that Crawford was the.

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Speaker 3: Heel of the cabinet.

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Speaker 2: Adams in his diary says that Crawford is a worm

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Speaker 2: from the inside, praying on the innards of the administration.

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Speaker 2: No love lost between those guys. And then for a minute,

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Speaker 2: the Secretary of War, John C. Calhoun, from South Carolina,

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Speaker 2: he's running, but he quickly realizes that the fields getting

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Speaker 2: a little crowded and he might just want to stand

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Speaker 2: for vice presidency. And the reason why that Southerner John C.

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Speaker 2: Calhoun gets out of the race is because of Andrew Jackson.

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Speaker 2: And Jackson kind of comes from out of nowhere. He is,

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Speaker 2: I guess, the hero of the Battle of New Orleans.

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Speaker 2: He's our nation's most beloved military general since Washington. And

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Speaker 2: he is representing himself as a common man for the

436
00:27:40,400 --> 00:27:44,840
Speaker 2: common man. He is the outsider. He is the populist

437
00:27:45,480 --> 00:27:51,040
Speaker 2: candidate in this race. And then newt the Speaker of

438
00:27:51,040 --> 00:27:53,200
Speaker 2: the House, Henry Clay.

439
00:27:53,640 --> 00:27:54,520
Speaker 3: He's from Kentucky.

440
00:27:54,720 --> 00:27:56,800
Speaker 2: He wants to be the first president from the West,

441
00:27:57,440 --> 00:28:01,280
Speaker 2: very ambitious, and he hates Jackson. And Clay hates Jackson

442
00:28:01,280 --> 00:28:06,040
Speaker 2: because Jackson's from Tennessee, and they have a long bitter relationship,

443
00:28:06,680 --> 00:28:08,760
Speaker 2: and those two men hate each other. So you really

444
00:28:08,800 --> 00:28:12,640
Speaker 2: have four candidates. So when the votes are counted, no

445
00:28:12,680 --> 00:28:18,240
Speaker 2: one wins a majority, but Jackson wins the popular vote,

446
00:28:18,320 --> 00:28:21,439
Speaker 2: and he wins a plurality of the electoral votes. But

447
00:28:21,600 --> 00:28:25,919
Speaker 2: based on the twelfth Amendment, the vote goes to the

448
00:28:25,960 --> 00:28:30,720
Speaker 2: House of Representatives and the top three vote getters in

449
00:28:30,760 --> 00:28:34,560
Speaker 2: the Electoral College stand for an election in the House,

450
00:28:35,240 --> 00:28:39,760
Speaker 2: where each state delegation gets one vote, And so it's

451
00:28:40,360 --> 00:28:44,080
Speaker 2: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William H.

452
00:28:44,120 --> 00:28:44,880
Speaker 3: Crawford.

453
00:28:45,360 --> 00:28:50,400
Speaker 2: Clay cannot be president, but he can be kingmaker. And

454
00:28:50,480 --> 00:28:55,560
Speaker 2: so his friends from Kentucky begin to visit John Quincy

455
00:28:55,600 --> 00:28:59,320
Speaker 2: Adams and have conversations. And Adams will write kind of

456
00:28:59,400 --> 00:29:03,040
Speaker 2: vaguely in his diary about this. He says, they came

457
00:29:03,200 --> 00:29:06,960
Speaker 2: and we talked about discussed men and things and events,

458
00:29:07,640 --> 00:29:12,320
Speaker 2: and then at one point, as actually a dinner celebrating Lafayette,

459
00:29:12,440 --> 00:29:15,680
Speaker 2: Lafayette made a trip back to the United States. The

460
00:29:15,760 --> 00:29:18,400
Speaker 2: Lafayette Tour of eighteen twenty four was the biggest tour

461
00:29:18,840 --> 00:29:22,440
Speaker 2: up until Taylor Swift. It was Lafayette's eighteen twenty four

462
00:29:22,480 --> 00:29:25,320
Speaker 2: tour was the biggest tour in the country. And they're

463
00:29:25,320 --> 00:29:28,280
Speaker 2: at this big dinner, and actually all the candidates for

464
00:29:28,360 --> 00:29:31,880
Speaker 2: president are at this dinner, but Clay and Adams are

465
00:29:31,880 --> 00:29:34,000
Speaker 2: sitting next to each other and they say, we're going

466
00:29:34,040 --> 00:29:37,520
Speaker 2: to talk, and so they talk. Who knows what they

467
00:29:37,560 --> 00:29:40,640
Speaker 2: really said to each other. The day of the vote comes.

468
00:29:40,680 --> 00:29:45,480
Speaker 2: It's February ninth, eighteen twenty five, a very cold and

469
00:29:45,560 --> 00:29:49,640
Speaker 2: snowy day. Vote takes place in the House. The votes

470
00:29:49,680 --> 00:29:54,600
Speaker 2: of Kentucky, which initially go for Jackson in the first round,

471
00:29:54,680 --> 00:29:58,280
Speaker 2: when the people voted right now, the votes of Kentucky

472
00:29:58,480 --> 00:30:03,600
Speaker 2: go for Adams. They are faithless electors, and Adams wins

473
00:30:03,880 --> 00:30:10,320
Speaker 2: thirteen votes outright, and he wins the presidency. Immediately cries

474
00:30:10,360 --> 00:30:14,760
Speaker 2: from the Jackson camp corrupt, bargain, stole an election.

475
00:30:15,840 --> 00:30:16,680
Speaker 3: What does Adams do?

476
00:30:16,720 --> 00:30:23,320
Speaker 2: A few days later he elevates Henry Clay to be

477
00:30:23,520 --> 00:30:26,560
Speaker 2: his Secretary of State, which is seen as the stepping

478
00:30:26,600 --> 00:30:32,680
Speaker 2: stone of the presidency. And this new dooms the Adams presidency,

479
00:30:33,480 --> 00:30:36,160
Speaker 2: as Steve Banner would say, kills it in its crib.

480
00:30:36,880 --> 00:30:42,280
Speaker 2: Adams never achieves anything of substance he is a minority president.

481
00:30:43,040 --> 00:30:47,040
Speaker 2: He doesn't even hand out patronage to his own supporters

482
00:30:47,320 --> 00:30:49,680
Speaker 2: because he believes it's beneath the office to do so.

483
00:30:50,480 --> 00:30:53,480
Speaker 2: And so he's really a man without a party. And

484
00:30:53,680 --> 00:30:57,600
Speaker 2: Jackson and Jackson's men are just building their case for

485
00:30:57,720 --> 00:31:02,000
Speaker 2: eighteen twenty eight, where Jackson will defeat Adams handily.

486
00:31:02,560 --> 00:31:07,400
Speaker 1: The Jackson people were relentless and ruthless.

487
00:31:06,320 --> 00:31:09,760
Speaker 2: In Adams's first annual message to Congress what we would

488
00:31:09,800 --> 00:31:12,440
Speaker 2: think of today as the state of the Union. He's

489
00:31:12,520 --> 00:31:18,560
Speaker 2: lingo as agenda, and he wants federally funded roads, bridges, canals,

490
00:31:19,080 --> 00:31:23,160
Speaker 2: he wants infrastructure. He wants a naval academy. He wants

491
00:31:23,200 --> 00:31:27,240
Speaker 2: a national university, which was Washington's dream, and he wants

492
00:31:27,320 --> 00:31:30,280
Speaker 2: the government to pay for it. And he knows people

493
00:31:30,360 --> 00:31:32,760
Speaker 2: don't want to spend their money on this, especially in

494
00:31:32,800 --> 00:31:37,000
Speaker 2: eighteen twenty four. So Adam says to the Congress, we

495
00:31:37,120 --> 00:31:40,880
Speaker 2: cannot allow ourselves to be palsied by the will of

496
00:31:40,880 --> 00:31:46,000
Speaker 2: our constituents. He's basically saying, hey, Congressman, doesn't matter what

497
00:31:46,040 --> 00:31:48,920
Speaker 2: your constituents want. I know best, and this is what

498
00:31:48,960 --> 00:31:50,800
Speaker 2: we should do because it's good for us, it's good

499
00:31:50,800 --> 00:31:56,000
Speaker 2: for the country. Well, that goes over, like Adams called

500
00:31:56,040 --> 00:32:00,760
Speaker 2: half the country a basket of deplorables, and Jackson immediately

501
00:32:00,840 --> 00:32:03,720
Speaker 2: jumps on it. Like a week later he writes in

502
00:32:03,760 --> 00:32:06,880
Speaker 2: a letter to someone that we should be palsied by

503
00:32:06,920 --> 00:32:09,040
Speaker 2: the will of our kid. Like they just pound that.

504
00:32:09,200 --> 00:32:12,760
Speaker 2: They just pounded over Adams's head for four years, and

505
00:32:12,760 --> 00:32:13,560
Speaker 2: he kills them.

506
00:32:13,600 --> 00:32:16,640
Speaker 1: Part of it, of course, because he's a very sophisticated guy.

507
00:32:17,120 --> 00:32:18,320
Speaker 1: Adams proposes an.

508
00:32:18,280 --> 00:32:21,160
Speaker 3: Observatory lighthouses in the sky.

509
00:32:21,640 --> 00:32:25,240
Speaker 1: The Jackson people go all across the west saying, do

510
00:32:25,280 --> 00:32:28,240
Speaker 1: you notice how you can look at the sky for free? Well,

511
00:32:28,400 --> 00:32:31,520
Speaker 1: Adams wants to charge you. It's a great campaign.

512
00:32:32,240 --> 00:32:35,480
Speaker 2: In eighteen twenty, I was reading one newspaper doing this research,

513
00:32:35,640 --> 00:32:39,640
Speaker 2: and it's a Jackson paper, and they're going, yeah, Adams,

514
00:32:39,680 --> 00:32:42,400
Speaker 2: he's so smart. But do we need a professor. We

515
00:32:42,440 --> 00:32:45,480
Speaker 2: don't need a professor in the White House. We need

516
00:32:45,520 --> 00:32:48,520
Speaker 2: a military man. We need Jackson, a man of the people.

517
00:32:48,560 --> 00:32:52,240
Speaker 4: Anyway, it was probably in some ways the first great

518
00:32:52,560 --> 00:32:57,000
Speaker 4: populist campaign. When we come back, I want to talk

519
00:32:57,040 --> 00:32:59,040
Speaker 4: to you a little bit more about Adams in his

520
00:32:59,040 --> 00:33:03,320
Speaker 4: congressional years, but also the remarkable thing he did just

521
00:33:03,400 --> 00:33:06,760
Speaker 4: in keeping a diary, which has turned out to be viable.

522
00:33:06,840 --> 00:33:15,040
Speaker 4: So we'll pick that up when we come back. I

523
00:33:15,120 --> 00:33:16,880
Speaker 4: want to start with the diary because you make a

524
00:33:16,920 --> 00:33:17,440
Speaker 4: point about it.

525
00:33:17,560 --> 00:33:20,680
Speaker 1: As a fellow historian, I did not know what he's

526
00:33:20,680 --> 00:33:24,640
Speaker 1: gonna sit down intrigued that he literally would every day write.

527
00:33:24,400 --> 00:33:26,680
Speaker 3: Notes, almost every day.

528
00:33:26,920 --> 00:33:29,880
Speaker 2: Yes, and if he didn't newt he would go back

529
00:33:29,920 --> 00:33:32,840
Speaker 2: and he would say some entries. He said, my diary

530
00:33:32,960 --> 00:33:35,400
Speaker 2: was in arrears for a week, so you go back.

531
00:33:36,120 --> 00:33:39,000
Speaker 2: He was a Puritan, right, and he had so much

532
00:33:39,520 --> 00:33:42,840
Speaker 2: guilt inside of him that if he didn't keep his

533
00:33:42,840 --> 00:33:46,200
Speaker 2: diary every day, he would really be critical on himself.

534
00:33:46,680 --> 00:33:50,880
Speaker 2: And so yes, he keeps this estimated fourteen thousand pages.

535
00:33:51,240 --> 00:33:54,200
Speaker 2: He starts it as a teenager and it essentially goes

536
00:33:54,400 --> 00:33:57,760
Speaker 2: until his death at the age of eighty. We can

537
00:33:57,800 --> 00:34:02,400
Speaker 2: all read this. It's online at primary source co op

538
00:34:02,600 --> 00:34:06,920
Speaker 2: dot org. Primary source co op dot org. Massachusetts Historical

539
00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:10,480
Speaker 2: Society set this up. It's a database so you can

540
00:34:10,560 --> 00:34:13,640
Speaker 2: read his diary. You could put in the day, the year,

541
00:34:13,880 --> 00:34:17,000
Speaker 2: you could put in Henry Clay, and all of the

542
00:34:17,120 --> 00:34:18,880
Speaker 2: entries with Henry Killy come up. I just want to

543
00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:21,760
Speaker 2: let everybody know that it's available for all of us.

544
00:34:21,719 --> 00:34:24,640
Speaker 1: That which is again part of the modern world. It's

545
00:34:24,680 --> 00:34:28,520
Speaker 1: amazing now how much information can be made available. But

546
00:34:28,560 --> 00:34:33,560
Speaker 1: I'm curious. Here's this guy who's sort of a perfect elitist.

547
00:34:33,680 --> 00:34:36,000
Speaker 1: I mean, as you pointed out earlier, he goes to

548
00:34:36,040 --> 00:34:39,279
Speaker 1: Europe at eleven years of age, he's hanging out, He's

549
00:34:39,440 --> 00:34:43,920
Speaker 1: fluent in many foreign languages. He has a remarkable diplomatic career.

550
00:34:44,680 --> 00:34:49,480
Speaker 1: How did he convince the people of Massachusetts to keep

551
00:34:49,560 --> 00:34:50,360
Speaker 1: him in Congress?

552
00:34:51,520 --> 00:34:53,440
Speaker 2: Well, he was a foreign president, and I think he

553
00:34:53,520 --> 00:34:56,839
Speaker 2: had a lot of respect even amongst his people didn't

554
00:34:56,840 --> 00:34:59,680
Speaker 2: agree with him. I think he brought the gravity of

555
00:34:59,719 --> 00:35:04,200
Speaker 2: the presidency everywhere he went. After his presidency, it did

556
00:35:04,239 --> 00:35:08,799
Speaker 2: get tighter. There are years there where they redistrict and

557
00:35:08,880 --> 00:35:10,759
Speaker 2: at one point new and you may be able to

558
00:35:10,800 --> 00:35:13,719
Speaker 2: talk about this better than I. The Congress contracts at

559
00:35:13,719 --> 00:35:16,040
Speaker 2: one point, doesn't it. It shrinks a little in the

560
00:35:16,080 --> 00:35:19,320
Speaker 2: eighteen forty year around there. He starts out as the

561
00:35:19,360 --> 00:35:23,440
Speaker 2: representative for the Plymouth district, and then the lines get redrawn,

562
00:35:23,920 --> 00:35:27,160
Speaker 2: and there is a point where he narrowly wins reelection.

563
00:35:27,960 --> 00:35:30,279
Speaker 2: For the most part, he was in Adams. He was

564
00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:35,080
Speaker 2: in Massachusetts, and the name, like often does, carries you through.

565
00:35:35,560 --> 00:35:37,719
Speaker 1: There's part of that talk a little bit about the

566
00:35:37,719 --> 00:35:38,880
Speaker 1: whole gay gru will fight.

567
00:35:39,560 --> 00:35:44,440
Speaker 2: Okay, So the first Amendment, we can petition our government

568
00:35:44,520 --> 00:35:48,360
Speaker 2: for a redress of grievances. Well, these days, if I

569
00:35:48,400 --> 00:35:51,680
Speaker 2: want to talk to my congressman, I will go online

570
00:35:51,920 --> 00:35:55,120
Speaker 2: and email them. I might stop by their local office.

571
00:35:55,160 --> 00:35:58,239
Speaker 2: I might call I can go to congress people's house

572
00:35:58,280 --> 00:35:59,360
Speaker 2: and go to their office.

573
00:35:59,360 --> 00:35:59,600
Speaker 3: There.

574
00:36:00,680 --> 00:36:05,719
Speaker 2: Back in the eighteen thirties, you literally sent a petition

575
00:36:06,280 --> 00:36:09,359
Speaker 2: to your congressman and they read it. There was time

576
00:36:09,400 --> 00:36:12,440
Speaker 2: set aside in the house calendar, and congressman got up

577
00:36:12,440 --> 00:36:16,520
Speaker 2: and read the petitions from their constituents. So congressmen may

578
00:36:16,560 --> 00:36:20,480
Speaker 2: stand up and say, mister Crawford from Orange County, North Carolina,

579
00:36:20,840 --> 00:36:25,960
Speaker 2: petitions the Congress for remittance of his father's Revolutionary War pension,

580
00:36:26,640 --> 00:36:29,360
Speaker 2: or as Adam's represented. One day, there was a petition

581
00:36:29,360 --> 00:36:33,360
Speaker 2: from salemakers who were asking for relief from the tariff

582
00:36:33,719 --> 00:36:36,640
Speaker 2: so they can make money on their sales again. And

583
00:36:36,719 --> 00:36:41,120
Speaker 2: so what happens in the eighteen thirties is anti slavery

584
00:36:41,239 --> 00:36:47,640
Speaker 2: activists begin to send anti slavery petitions to Congress as

585
00:36:47,680 --> 00:36:50,960
Speaker 2: a way to have their voices heard and really as

586
00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:55,600
Speaker 2: a way to put pressure on Congress. Right, the doings

587
00:36:55,600 --> 00:36:59,040
Speaker 2: of Congress are reported in the newspaper. So if you

588
00:36:59,120 --> 00:37:02,080
Speaker 2: have an issue you want to make hay about, like

589
00:37:02,440 --> 00:37:06,520
Speaker 2: ending slavery in the district of Columbia, you know, you

590
00:37:06,600 --> 00:37:09,040
Speaker 2: send a petition to your congressman, They're going to stand

591
00:37:09,080 --> 00:37:11,680
Speaker 2: up and read it in a newspaper may publish that.

592
00:37:12,640 --> 00:37:16,440
Speaker 2: So what begins to happen over the course of that decade,

593
00:37:16,480 --> 00:37:20,000
Speaker 2: the eighteen thirties, is these petitions begin to show up

594
00:37:20,040 --> 00:37:24,640
Speaker 2: at the Capitol by the wagon load, and all the

595
00:37:24,680 --> 00:37:27,279
Speaker 2: congressmen don't read them, but there's a handful that do.

596
00:37:27,920 --> 00:37:31,040
Speaker 2: And Adams is probably the most well known of them.

597
00:37:31,560 --> 00:37:34,319
Speaker 2: And so the very first time he stands up to

598
00:37:34,320 --> 00:37:37,600
Speaker 2: speak in Congress in eighteen thirty one, he's a freshman congressman,

599
00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:42,919
Speaker 2: he says, I've got fifteen petitions here from constituents, all

600
00:37:42,960 --> 00:37:46,399
Speaker 2: of the same character. I don't agree with what they're

601
00:37:46,440 --> 00:37:51,839
Speaker 2: asking for, but let me read one as representative and

602
00:37:52,320 --> 00:37:57,920
Speaker 2: let their voices be heard. So over time you have

603
00:37:58,600 --> 00:38:03,920
Speaker 2: the Denmark vis enslaved uprising in Charleston, South Carolina eighteen

604
00:38:04,120 --> 00:38:07,160
Speaker 2: thirty one, you have the Nat Turner uprising.

605
00:38:07,840 --> 00:38:09,719
Speaker 3: So you have two things happening at once.

606
00:38:09,800 --> 00:38:14,240
Speaker 2: You have these anti slavery activists in the North making

607
00:38:14,320 --> 00:38:19,200
Speaker 2: noise and their petitions being read in the House, and

608
00:38:19,239 --> 00:38:23,799
Speaker 2: at the same time you have these slave uprisings going on.

609
00:38:23,920 --> 00:38:27,000
Speaker 2: And it leads Southerners in Congress to get kind of

610
00:38:27,080 --> 00:38:32,239
Speaker 2: nervous and paranoid, and they feel like man, the protests

611
00:38:32,280 --> 00:38:35,640
Speaker 2: of these abolitionists in the North, it's making its way

612
00:38:35,680 --> 00:38:39,400
Speaker 2: to the South, to the enslave population, and it's showing

613
00:38:39,440 --> 00:38:42,920
Speaker 2: the enslaved population that they have allies, and they have

614
00:38:42,960 --> 00:38:45,960
Speaker 2: allies in Congress. We need to stop it. We need

615
00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:46,880
Speaker 2: to stop it now.

616
00:38:47,600 --> 00:38:49,360
Speaker 3: So the House passes a.

617
00:38:49,400 --> 00:38:53,920
Speaker 2: Rule called the Gag rule, and essentially you cannot mention

618
00:38:54,080 --> 00:38:57,719
Speaker 2: slavery on the floor of the House. These anti slavery petitions,

619
00:38:58,080 --> 00:39:02,480
Speaker 2: they are immediately tabled. If they don't exist, like Adams says,

620
00:39:02,760 --> 00:39:06,040
Speaker 2: they go to the vault of the capulates gone forever.

621
00:39:06,840 --> 00:39:11,080
Speaker 2: And so for John Quincy Adams, you know, he abhors slavery.

622
00:39:11,200 --> 00:39:14,400
Speaker 2: He thinks it's wrong as a practice, but he also

623
00:39:14,640 --> 00:39:17,759
Speaker 2: respects the Constitution and the bar in the three foots

624
00:39:17,840 --> 00:39:21,160
Speaker 2: compromise that is made in the Constitution, and he doesn't

625
00:39:21,160 --> 00:39:24,600
Speaker 2: believe that the federal government has any way to interfere

626
00:39:24,640 --> 00:39:27,879
Speaker 2: with slavery in the states where it exists. But when

627
00:39:27,920 --> 00:39:31,520
Speaker 2: you take away a citizen's right to petition the government,

628
00:39:32,680 --> 00:39:34,080
Speaker 2: you're messing with the First Amendment.

629
00:39:34,400 --> 00:39:34,920
Speaker 3: He says.

630
00:39:35,160 --> 00:39:37,560
Speaker 2: If you mess with the First Amendment, right to petition,

631
00:39:37,760 --> 00:39:40,759
Speaker 2: next will be freedom of religion, the right to peace,

632
00:39:40,800 --> 00:39:43,920
Speaker 2: to belye assemble, freedom of the press, freedom of speech.

633
00:39:44,680 --> 00:39:50,560
Speaker 2: Adams becomes a First Amendment warrior in the Congress to

634
00:39:50,640 --> 00:39:54,000
Speaker 2: defend these people's freedom of speech. People thought the Ablacis

635
00:39:54,000 --> 00:39:57,479
Speaker 2: they were crazy. They were a radical religious minority, many

636
00:39:57,480 --> 00:40:01,080
Speaker 2: of them women, and so everybody he thought they were crazy.

637
00:40:01,360 --> 00:40:05,080
Speaker 2: Northerners thought they were crazy. Adams thought their tactics were foolish.

638
00:40:05,600 --> 00:40:09,240
Speaker 2: But he begins to defend their right to free speech

639
00:40:09,320 --> 00:40:12,120
Speaker 2: and their right to petition, and that pulls him into

640
00:40:12,160 --> 00:40:14,120
Speaker 2: the movement in some ways.

641
00:40:14,480 --> 00:40:18,000
Speaker 1: One of the most remarkable things is he dies in

642
00:40:18,040 --> 00:40:18,680
Speaker 1: the Congress.

643
00:40:19,880 --> 00:40:22,239
Speaker 2: He dies in the Congress, as Sean Wilentz said, he

644
00:40:22,360 --> 00:40:23,480
Speaker 2: died with his boots on.

645
00:40:24,360 --> 00:40:25,600
Speaker 3: He is eighty.

646
00:40:25,400 --> 00:40:29,920
Speaker 2: Years old, and he was against the war in Mexico

647
00:40:30,840 --> 00:40:34,799
Speaker 2: and the war is now just about concluded, and there

648
00:40:34,880 --> 00:40:37,080
Speaker 2: is I guess a pro form of vote in the House,

649
00:40:37,239 --> 00:40:41,640
Speaker 2: like to commend the generals from the Mexican War, and

650
00:40:41,760 --> 00:40:46,160
Speaker 2: Adams yells out no, to reject it. And he's getting

651
00:40:46,239 --> 00:40:50,359
Speaker 2: up to make a speech, and somebody notices he puts

652
00:40:50,360 --> 00:40:53,759
Speaker 2: his hand on his desk and he's shaking and he

653
00:40:53,880 --> 00:40:57,640
Speaker 2: falls over. He probably had a stroke. Immediately there's commotion

654
00:40:57,719 --> 00:40:59,960
Speaker 2: in the house. People yell out, mister Adams is die,

655
00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:04,160
Speaker 2: saying they bring a couch over and they place him

656
00:41:04,160 --> 00:41:07,520
Speaker 2: on a couch, a couch that's still at the Capitol today.

657
00:41:07,920 --> 00:41:10,560
Speaker 2: I'm sure you know about this newt And they take

658
00:41:10,640 --> 00:41:14,239
Speaker 2: him into the Speaker's chamber, which I guess today is

659
00:41:14,239 --> 00:41:17,520
Speaker 2: the women's powder room. They're off the old Statuary Hall,

660
00:41:17,960 --> 00:41:21,520
Speaker 2: and he lays their in and out of consciousness for

661
00:41:21,560 --> 00:41:25,680
Speaker 2: about two days. He utters his last words, which were,

662
00:41:26,400 --> 00:41:29,120
Speaker 2: this is the end of Earth I am composed, which

663
00:41:29,160 --> 00:41:32,800
Speaker 2: are the greatest dying words of any human being ever.

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00:41:33,040 --> 00:41:35,000
Speaker 2: If I can remember them at the time, I'll say

665
00:41:35,000 --> 00:41:36,200
Speaker 2: them as well.

666
00:41:36,280 --> 00:41:38,880
Speaker 3: And he passes away there in the house.

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00:41:39,280 --> 00:41:42,279
Speaker 1: It's a truly remarkable story. He's done a great job

668
00:41:42,800 --> 00:41:47,520
Speaker 1: of bringing somebody alive who really is I think sadly

669
00:41:48,520 --> 00:41:52,160
Speaker 1: underestimated and understudied. But there's something else you're doing I

670
00:41:52,200 --> 00:41:55,000
Speaker 1: want to have you talked about from that. Your daughter

671
00:41:55,080 --> 00:41:58,279
Speaker 1: Hallie is a three time cancer survivor, and you and

672
00:41:58,320 --> 00:42:01,600
Speaker 1: your wife Melanie have care. We ad the press On Fund,

673
00:42:02,120 --> 00:42:06,280
Speaker 1: an organization that seeks to find less toxic treatments for cancer,

674
00:42:06,560 --> 00:42:08,120
Speaker 1: talking about what you're doing and why.

675
00:42:08,960 --> 00:42:13,200
Speaker 2: The press On Fund is managed by three families who've

676
00:42:13,280 --> 00:42:18,520
Speaker 2: been tragically impacted by pediatric cancer, and we were actually

677
00:42:18,520 --> 00:42:20,680
Speaker 2: the third family that was invited to be a part

678
00:42:20,680 --> 00:42:23,520
Speaker 2: of it. Our whole thing is we're trying to find

679
00:42:23,880 --> 00:42:29,200
Speaker 2: less toxic treatments and cures for pediatric cancer. We have

680
00:42:29,239 --> 00:42:31,960
Speaker 2: a medical advisory board. Our goal is to kind of

681
00:42:32,000 --> 00:42:36,719
Speaker 2: think outside the box. But there's politics in everything new,

682
00:42:37,000 --> 00:42:41,400
Speaker 2: and there's politics in getting funding for cancer treatments, and

683
00:42:41,480 --> 00:42:43,600
Speaker 2: so we're just trying to give voice to some of

684
00:42:43,640 --> 00:42:46,360
Speaker 2: these treatments that are promising but may not have the

685
00:42:46,360 --> 00:42:50,680
Speaker 2: support inside the system that they deserve. We've funded studies

686
00:42:50,719 --> 00:42:54,280
Speaker 2: at Saint Jude and in Augusta, Georgia, there's a great

687
00:42:54,719 --> 00:42:58,560
Speaker 2: pediatric hospital. They're doing a lot of great immunotherapy work

688
00:42:58,600 --> 00:43:02,040
Speaker 2: for pediatric brain tumors, and so we're just part of

689
00:43:02,080 --> 00:43:02,520
Speaker 2: the battle.

690
00:43:03,040 --> 00:43:05,719
Speaker 1: I'm really delighted and I want to thank you for

691
00:43:05,800 --> 00:43:09,279
Speaker 1: your patriotism and for your citizenship. I do want to

692
00:43:09,320 --> 00:43:13,040
Speaker 1: mention to folks that they can donate to the press

693
00:43:13,080 --> 00:43:17,200
Speaker 1: On Fund for Cancer by going to the website press

694
00:43:17,280 --> 00:43:21,680
Speaker 1: Onfund dot org. And Bob, I want to thank you

695
00:43:21,719 --> 00:43:26,600
Speaker 1: for joining me. Your new book, America's Founding Son, John

696
00:43:26,680 --> 00:43:30,359
Speaker 1: Quincy Adams From President to Political Maverick, is available now

697
00:43:30,360 --> 00:43:34,280
Speaker 1: in Amazon and in bookstores everywhere. And I'm just delighted

698
00:43:34,320 --> 00:43:36,440
Speaker 1: with the work you're doing to look forward to future

699
00:43:36,440 --> 00:43:37,040
Speaker 1: books from you.

700
00:43:37,360 --> 00:43:38,839
Speaker 3: Oh, thank you so much.

701
00:43:38,880 --> 00:43:40,879
Speaker 2: This has been a great thrill for me and I've

702
00:43:40,960 --> 00:43:41,920
Speaker 2: enjoyed our time together.

703
00:43:52,239 --> 00:43:54,880
Speaker 1: And now I'm pleased to introduce a new segment to

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00:43:54,960 --> 00:43:59,440
Speaker 1: news World where I answer listeners questions. To ask a question,

705
00:43:59,760 --> 00:44:04,120
Speaker 1: please please email me at newt at Gingistre sixty dot com.

706
00:44:04,840 --> 00:44:08,719
Speaker 1: Logan from Binghamton, New York, home of the Speedy Sandwich.

707
00:44:08,760 --> 00:44:12,920
Speaker 1: Ask China has been conducting more aggressive movements near Taiwan.

708
00:44:13,840 --> 00:44:17,480
Speaker 1: Is the United States prepared if China strikes well. The

709
00:44:17,520 --> 00:44:21,600
Speaker 1: operation in Iran is ongoing well, Logan, I think it'd

710
00:44:21,600 --> 00:44:23,799
Speaker 1: be fair to say that we would be stretched very thin,

711
00:44:24,600 --> 00:44:27,759
Speaker 1: but that we would still have enormous capability, and that

712
00:44:27,960 --> 00:44:32,239
Speaker 1: with the new Japanese Prime Minister having moved very aggressively

713
00:44:32,719 --> 00:44:37,040
Speaker 1: to shift the Japanese defense system towards containing China, that

714
00:44:37,200 --> 00:44:41,080
Speaker 1: it would be a very high risk for the Chinese

715
00:44:41,120 --> 00:44:44,960
Speaker 1: Communist to try to invade Taiwan. And as you may know,

716
00:44:45,480 --> 00:44:49,000
Speaker 1: the Director of National Intelligence said publicly the other day,

717
00:44:49,400 --> 00:44:53,680
Speaker 1: we have no indications of China trying to move aggressively

718
00:44:53,719 --> 00:44:58,680
Speaker 1: against Taiwan in twenty twenty six or twenty twenty seven.

719
00:44:58,800 --> 00:45:01,840
Speaker 1: So my guess is for the moment, we can afford

720
00:45:01,880 --> 00:45:06,080
Speaker 1: to focus on Iran and then see what happens. Annabelle

721
00:45:06,160 --> 00:45:09,960
Speaker 1: from Dallas, Texas asked, I don't understand why Democrats are

722
00:45:10,000 --> 00:45:12,839
Speaker 1: so against the Save Act that would help secure our

723
00:45:12,880 --> 00:45:18,279
Speaker 1: elections by only allowing United States citizens to vote. I

724
00:45:18,280 --> 00:45:22,799
Speaker 1: have to say, it is to me crazy that the

725
00:45:22,840 --> 00:45:27,319
Speaker 1: Democrats are opposing the requirement that you prove who you are.

726
00:45:28,080 --> 00:45:30,480
Speaker 1: We do this to get on an airplane, we do

727
00:45:30,560 --> 00:45:32,720
Speaker 1: this to be able to drive a car. The idea

728
00:45:32,800 --> 00:45:36,000
Speaker 1: that somehow it's shocking that you have to actually have

729
00:45:36,320 --> 00:45:40,000
Speaker 1: some identification that proves who you are in order to vote.

730
00:45:40,400 --> 00:45:42,520
Speaker 1: I think that it is a tribute to the degree

731
00:45:42,520 --> 00:45:45,200
Speaker 1: to which the Democrats want to be able to steal votes.

732
00:45:45,680 --> 00:45:50,000
Speaker 1: And I can't understand any other rationale for why they

733
00:45:50,200 --> 00:45:54,240
Speaker 1: are so deeply determined to not let the Save Act pass.

734
00:45:54,800 --> 00:45:56,760
Speaker 1: The Senate may find a way to get it through.

735
00:45:57,040 --> 00:46:00,560
Speaker 1: That opposition of the Democrats is very deep and strong

736
00:46:00,920 --> 00:46:03,200
Speaker 1: and tells you a lot about the nature of the

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00:46:03,239 --> 00:46:07,000
Speaker 1: modern Democratic party. They remind you. I look forward to

738
00:46:07,040 --> 00:46:09,839
Speaker 1: hearing from you, and you can ask a question by

739
00:46:09,960 --> 00:46:17,080
Speaker 1: just emailing me at Newt at gingrishtree sixty dot com.

740
00:46:17,200 --> 00:46:20,040
Speaker 1: Thank you to my guest, Bob Crawford. News World is

741
00:46:20,040 --> 00:46:24,120
Speaker 1: produced by Gingrish three sixty and iHeartMedia. Our executive producer

742
00:46:24,200 --> 00:46:28,759
Speaker 1: is Guernsey Sloan. Our researcher is Rachel Peterson. Special thanks

743
00:46:28,800 --> 00:46:31,200
Speaker 1: to the team at Gingrish three sixty. If you even

744
00:46:31,280 --> 00:46:34,040
Speaker 1: enjoy Newts World, I hope you'll go to Apple Podcasts

745
00:46:34,360 --> 00:46:36,920
Speaker 1: and both rate us with five stars and give us

746
00:46:36,960 --> 00:46:39,560
Speaker 1: a review so others can learn what it's all about.

747
00:46:40,120 --> 00:46:44,000
Speaker 1: Join me on substack at gingrishtree sixty dot net. I'm

748
00:46:44,080 --> 00:46:46,080
Speaker 1: Newt Gingrich. This is news world,